1
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Michaelian N, Sadybekov A, Besserer-Offroy É, Han GW, Krishnamurthy H, Zamlynny BA, Fradera X, Siliphaivanh P, Presland J, Spencer KB, Soisson SM, Popov P, Sarret P, Katritch V, Cherezov V. Structural insights on ligand recognition at the human leukotriene B4 receptor 1. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2971. [PMID: 34016973 PMCID: PMC8137929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) regulates the recruitment and chemotaxis of different cell types and plays a role in the pathophysiology of infectious, allergic, metabolic, and tumorigenic human diseases. Here we present a crystal structure of human BLT1 (hBLT1) in complex with a selective antagonist MK-D-046, developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other inflammatory conditions. Comprehensive analysis of the structure and structure-activity relationship data, reinforced by site-directed mutagenesis and docking studies, reveals molecular determinants of ligand binding and selectivity toward different BLT receptor subtypes and across species. The structure helps to identify a putative membrane-buried ligand access channel as well as potential receptor binding modes of endogenous agonists. These structural insights of hBLT1 enrich our understanding of its ligand recognition and open up future avenues in structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nairie Michaelian
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Anastasiia Sadybekov
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Élie Besserer-Offroy
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Gye Won Han
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Harini Krishnamurthy
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Beata A. Zamlynny
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Xavier Fradera
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Phieng Siliphaivanh
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Jeremy Presland
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Kerrie B. Spencer
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Stephen M. Soisson
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Petr Popov
- grid.454320.40000 0004 0555 3608Center for Computational and Data Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia ,grid.18763.3b0000000092721542Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Philippe Sarret
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.18763.3b0000000092721542Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
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2
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BRET- and fluorescence anisotropy-based assays for real-time monitoring of ligand binding to M 2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118930. [PMID: 33347921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BRET and fluorescence anisotropy (FA) are two fluorescence-based techniques used for the characterization of ligand binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and both allow monitoring of ligand binding in real time. In this study, we present the first direct comparison of BRET-based and FA-based binding assays using the human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M2R) and two TAMRA (5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine)-labeled fluorescent ligands as a model system. The determined fluorescent ligand affinities from both assays were in good agreement with results obtained from radioligand competition binding experiments. The assays yielded real-time kinetic binding data revealing differences in the mechanism of binding for the investigated fluorescent probes. Furthermore, the investigation of various unlabeled M2R ligands yielded pharmacological profiles in accordance with earlier reported data. Taken together, this study showed that BRET- and FA-based binding assays represent valuable alternatives to radioactivity-based methods for screening purposes and for a precise characterization of binding kinetics supporting the exploration of binding mechanisms.
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3
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Assays with Detection of Fluorescence Anisotropy: Challenges and Possibilities for Characterizing Ligand Binding to GPCRs. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:187-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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4
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Nishigami M, Mori T, Tomita M, Takiguchi K, Tsumoto K. Membrane fusion between baculovirus budded virus-enveloped particles and giant liposomes generated using a droplet-transfer method for the incorporation of recombinant membrane proteins. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 155:248-256. [PMID: 28432958 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Giant proteoliposomes are generally useful as artificial cell membranes in biochemical and biophysical studies, and various procedures for their preparation have been reported. We present here a novel preparation technique that involves the combination of i) cell-sized lipid vesicles (giant unilamellar vesicles, GUVs) that are generated using the droplet-transfer method, where lipid monolayer-coated water-in-oil microemulsion droplets interact with oil/water interfaces to form enclosed bilayer vesicles, and ii) budded viruses (BVs) of baculovirus (Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus) that express recombinant transmembrane proteins on their envelopes. GP64, a fusogenic glycoprotein on viral envelopes, is activated by weak acids and is thought to cause membrane fusion with liposomes. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), we observed that the single giant liposomes fused with octadecyl rhodamine B chloride (R18)-labeled wild-type BV envelopes with moderate leakage of entrapped soluble compounds (calcein), and the fusion profile depended on the pH of the exterior solution: membrane fusion occurred at pH ∼4-5. We further demonstrated that recombinant transmembrane proteins, a red fluorescent protein (RFP)-tagged GPCR (corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1, CRHR1) and envelope protein GP64 could be partly incorporated into membranes of the individual giant liposomes with a reduction of the pH value, though there were also some immobile fluorescent spots observed on their circumferences. This combination may be useful for preparing giant proteoliposomes containing the desired membranes and inner phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Nishigami
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mori
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tomita
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kingo Takiguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kanta Tsumoto
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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5
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Yumura K, Akiba H, Nagatoishi S, Kusano-Arai O, Iwanari H, Hamakubo T, Tsumoto K. Use of SpyTag/SpyCatcher to construct bispecific antibodies that target two epitopes of a single antigen. J Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Yumura
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akiba
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Osamu Kusano-Arai
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iwanari
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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6
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Nagata N, Iwanari H, Kumagai H, Kusano-Arai O, Ikeda Y, Aritake K, Hamakubo T, Urade Y. Generation and characterization of an antagonistic monoclonal antibody against an extracellular domain of mouse DP2 (CRTH2/GPR44) receptors for prostaglandin D2. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175452. [PMID: 28394950 PMCID: PMC5386288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a lipid mediator involved in sleep regulation and inflammation. PGD2 interacts with 2 types of G protein-coupled receptors, DP1 and DP2/CRTH2 (chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 cells)/GPR44 to show a variety of biological effects. DP1 activation leads to Gs-mediated elevation of the intracellular cAMP level, whereas activation of DP2 decreases this level via the Gi pathway; and it also induces G protein-independent, arrestin-mediated cellular responses. Activation of DP2 by PGD2 causes the progression of inflammation via the recruitment of lymphocytes by enhancing the production of Th2-cytokines. Here we developed monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the extracellular domain of mouse DP2 by immunization of DP2-null mutant mice with DP2-overexpressing BAF3, murine interleukin-3 dependent pro-B cells, to reduce the generation of antibodies against the host cells by immunization of mice. Moreover, we immunized DP2-KO mice to prevent immunological tolerance to mDP2 protein. After cell ELISA, immunocytochemical, and Western blot analyses, we successfully obtained a novel monoclonal antibody, MAb-1D8, that specifically recognized native mouse DP2, but neither human DP2 nor denatured mouse DP2, by binding to a particular 3D receptor conformation formed by the N-terminus and extracellular loop 1, 2, and 3 of DP2. This antibody inhibited the binding of 0.5 nM [3H]PGD2 to mouse DP2 (IC50 = 46.3 ± 18.6 nM), showed antagonistic activity toward 15(R)-15-methyl PGD2-induced inhibition of 300 nM forskolin-activated cAMP production (IC50 = 16.9 ± 2.6 nM), and gave positive results for immunohistochemical staining of DP2-expressing CD4+ Th2 lymphocytes that had accumulated in the kidney of unilateral ureteral obstruction model mice. This monoclonal antibody will be very useful for in vitro and in vivo studies on DP2-mediated diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibody Specificity
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- COS Cells
- Cricetulus
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epitope Mapping
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Hybridomas/metabolism
- Immunization
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/immunology
- Prostaglandin D2/analogs & derivatives
- Prostaglandin D2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/immunology
- Ureteral Obstruction/immunology
- Ureteral Obstruction/metabolism
- Ureteral Obstruction/pathology
- beta-Arrestins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Nagata
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (YU); (NN)
| | - Hiroko Iwanari
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kumagai
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Kusano-Arai
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Aritake
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (YU); (NN)
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7
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Masuda K, Kitakami JI, Kozasa T, Kodama T, Ihara S, Hamakubo T. Visualization of ligand‐induced G
i
‐protein activation in chemotaxing cells. FASEB J 2016; 31:910-919. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601102r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Masuda
- Department of Quantitative Biology and MedicineResearch Center for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kitakami
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and MedicineResearch Center for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Tohru Kozasa
- Department of Quantitative Biology and MedicineResearch Center for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and MedicineResearch Center for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Sigeo Ihara
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and MedicineResearch Center for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and MedicineResearch Center for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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8
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Kusano-Arai O, Fukuda R, Kamiya W, Iwanari H, Hamakubo T. Kinetic exclusion assay of monoclonal antibody affinity to the membrane protein Roundabout 1 displayed on baculovirus. Anal Biochem 2016; 504:41-9. [PMID: 27095060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The reliable assessment of monoclonal antibody (mAb) affinity against membrane proteins in vivo is a major issue in the development of cancer therapeutics. We describe here a simple and highly sensitive method for the evaluation of mAbs against membrane proteins by means of a kinetic exclusion assay (KinExA) in combination with our previously developed membrane protein display system using budded baculovirus (BV). In our BV display system, the membrane proteins are displayed on the viral surface in their native form. The BVs on which the liver cancer antigen Roundabout 1 (Robo1) was displayed were adsorbed onto magnetic beads without fixative (BV beads). The dissociation constant (Kd, ∼10(-11) M) that was measured on the Robo1 expressed BV beads correlated well with the value from a whole cell assay (the coefficient of determination, R(2) = 0.998) but not with the value for the soluble extracellular domains of Robo1 (R(2) = 0.834). These results suggest that the BV-KinExA method described here provides a suitably accurate Kd evaluation of mAbs against proteins on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kusano-Arai
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; Institute of Immunology Co. Ltd., 1-1-10 Koraku, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-0004, Japan
| | - Rie Fukuda
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Wakana Kamiya
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iwanari
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.
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9
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Hattori T, Nakanishi K, Mori T, Tomita M, Tsumoto K. The method used to culture host cells (Sf9 cells) can affect the qualities of baculovirus budding particles expressing recombinant proteins. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:445-51. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Budded virus (BV) particles of baculovirus (Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus, AcNPV) are harvested from the supernatant of liquid culture of Sf9 host cells by ultracentrifugation. Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blot and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of BV samples fractionated closely by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, we observed that BVs exhibited different qualities depending on whether they had been harvested from the supernatant from a standing (static), shaking (suspension), or standing/shaking (pre-/post-infection) culture of Sf9 cells. The amount of BV protein apparently increased in the order of standing, standing/shaking, and shaking procedure, and the yield of intact particles showed an opposite trend. TEM observation clearly showed that appropriate fractions of the standing and standing/shaking cultures contained more intact BV particles than those from the shaking culture. These results suggest that the qualities of recombinant BV particles may be related to the culture conditions of the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Hattori
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakanishi
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mori
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tomita
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kanta Tsumoto
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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10
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Yokoi N, Fukata Y, Kase D, Miyazaki T, Jaegle M, Ohkawa T, Takahashi N, Iwanari H, Mochizuki Y, Hamakubo T, Imoto K, Meijer D, Watanabe M, Fukata M. Chemical corrector treatment ameliorates increased seizure susceptibility in a mouse model of familial epilepsy. Nat Med 2014; 21:19-26. [PMID: 25485908 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common and intractable brain disorders. Mutations in the human gene LGI1, encoding a neuronal secreted protein, cause autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy (ADLTE). However, the pathogenic mechanisms of LGI1 mutations remain unclear. We classified 22 reported LGI1 missense mutations as either secretion defective or secretion competent, and we generated and analyzed two mouse models of ADLTE encoding mutant proteins representative of the two groups. The secretion-defective LGI1(E383A) protein was recognized by the ER quality-control machinery and prematurely degraded, whereas the secretable LGI1(S473L) protein abnormally dimerized and was selectively defective in binding to one of its receptors, ADAM22. Both mutations caused a loss of function, compromising intracellular trafficking or ligand activity of LGI1 and converging on reduced synaptic LGI1-ADAM22 interaction. A chemical corrector, 4-phenylbutyrate (4PBA), restored LGI1(E383A) folding and binding to ADAM22 and ameliorated the increased seizure susceptibility of the LGI1(E383A) model mice. This study establishes LGI1-related epilepsy as a conformational disease and suggests new therapeutic options for human epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Yokoi
- 1] Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan. [2] Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yuko Fukata
- 1] Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan. [2] Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kase
- Division of Neural Signaling, Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Taisuke Miyazaki
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Martine Jaegle
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Toshika Ohkawa
- 1] Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan. [2] Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iwanari
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mochizuki
- 1] Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [2] Komaba Open Lab, PeptiDream Incorporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Imoto
- 1] Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan. [2] Division of Neural Signaling, Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Dies Meijer
- 1] Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. [2] Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- 1] Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. [2] Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukata
- 1] Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan. [2] Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
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11
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Hamakubo T, Kusano-Arai O, Iwanari H. Generation of antibodies against membrane proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:1920-1924. [PMID: 25135856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody has become an important therapeutic in the treatment of both hematological malignancies and solid tumors. The recent success of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) has broadened the extent of the potential target molecules in cancer immunotherapy. As a result, even molecules of low abundance have become targets for cytotoxic reagents. The multi-pass membrane proteins are an emerging target for the next generation antibody therapeutics. One outstanding challenge is the difficulty in preparing a sufficient amount of these membrane proteins so as to be able to generate the functional antibody. We have pursued the expression of various membrane proteins on the baculovirus particle and the utilization of displayed protein for immunization. The strong antigenicity of the virus acts either as a friend or foe in the making of an efficient antibody against an immunologically tolerant antigen. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent advances in molecular engineering of antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.
| | - Osamu Kusano-Arai
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; Institute of Immunology Co. Ltd, .1-1-10 Koraku, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iwanari
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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Mori T, Kamiya K, Tomita M, Yoshimura T, Tsumoto K. Incorporation of adenylate cyclase into membranes of giant liposomes using membrane fusion with recombinant baculovirus-budded virus particles. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1253-61. [PMID: 24563316 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant transmembrane adenylate cyclase (AC) was incorporated into membranes of giant liposomes using membrane fusion between liposomes and baculovirus-budded virus (BV). AC genes were constructed into transfer vectors in a form fused with fluorescent protein or polyhistidine at the C-terminus. The recombinant BVs were collected by ultracentrifugation and AC expression was verified using western blotting. The BVs and giant liposomes generated using gentle hydration were fused under acidic conditions; the incorporation of AC into giant liposomes was demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy through the emission of fluorescence from their membranes. The AC-expressing BVs were also fused with liposomes containing the substrate (ATP) with/without a specific inhibitor (SQ 22536). An enzyme immunoassay on extracts of the sample demonstrated that cAMP was produced inside the liposomes. This procedure facilitates direct introduction of large transmembrane proteins into artificial membranes without solubilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Mori
- Molecular Bioengineering Laboratory, Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan,
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13
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Veiksina S, Kopanchuk S, Rinken A. Budded baculoviruses as a tool for a homogeneous fluorescence anisotropy-based assay of ligand binding to G protein-coupled receptors: The case of melanocortin 4 receptors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:372-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Thoene J, Goss T, Witcher M, Mullet J, N'Kuli F, Van Der Smissen P, Courtoy P, Hahn SH. In vitro correction of disorders of lysosomal transport by microvesicles derived from baculovirus-infected Spodoptera cells. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 109:77-85. [PMID: 23465695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Infection of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells by baculovirus (BV) is well established for transgene expression of soluble proteins, but few correctly folded transmembrane proteins have been so produced. We here report the use of the BV/Sf9 (BVES) method for the expression and transfer, via microvesicles, of the exclusive lysosomal exporters for cystine and sialic acid, human cystinosin and sialin. These proteins and their mRNA are released into the culture medium as very low-density microvesicles (~1.05 g/ml), which do not label for lysobisphosphatidic acid. The presence of the human transgene proteins in the vesicles was confirmed by western blotting and confirmed and quantified by mass spectrometry. Addition of vesicles to cultures of human fibroblast lines deficient in either cystinosin or sialin produced a progressive depletion of stored lysosomal cystine or sialic acid, respectively. The depletion effect was slow (T1/2 ~48 h), saturable (down to ~40% of initial after 4 days) and stable (>one week). Surprisingly, BV infection of Spodoptera appeared to induce expression and release into microvesicles of the insect orthologue of cystinosin, but not of sialin. We conclude that BVES is an effective method to express and transfer functional transmembrane proteins so as to study their properties in mammalian cells, and has a generic potential for transport protein replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Thoene
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5629, USA.
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15
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Mitsui K, Sakihama T, Takahashi K, Masuda K, Fukuda R, Hamana H, Sato T, Hamakubo T. Functional reconstitution of olfactory receptor complex on baculovirus. Chem Senses 2012; 37:837-47. [PMID: 22952299 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjs067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite that recent progress in genomics has elucidated the genomic structure of the olfactory receptors (ORs), most of them are still orphan receptors. The low expression level of ORs in heterologous cells has hampered many attempts to establish cell biological OR assay systems. Recently, we demonstrated that certain G protein-coupled receptors, such as the leukotriene B4 receptor or the dopamine D1 receptor, were efficiently reconstituted on baculovirus budding from infected Sf9 cells. The budded virus (BV) was shown to be mostly free of exogenous proteins other than those related to viral infection, resulting in low-noise assay conditions. Taking advantage of these conditions, we attempted to reconstitute OR complexes on BV. Sf9 cells were coinfected with recombinant baculoviruses harboring the cDNAs encoding adenylyl cyclase, trimeric G-protein, and the receptor: mOR-EG or S6. The coexpression of these proteins was detected by western blot, and the agonist- or antagonist-dependent receptor response was confirmed using ligand-dependent cyclic AMP production. These results demonstrated the successful reconstitution of functional OR complex on BV. Additionally, the expression of OR8B3 on BV, one of human orphan ORs, was also confirmed. This BV expression system is expected to be a highly effective tool for screening unknown ligands for ORs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Mitsui
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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Suzuki H, Kondoh M, Takahashi A, Yagi K. Proof of concept for claudin-targeted drug development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1258:65-70. [PMID: 22731717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Claudins (CLs) are a family of tetra-integral membrane proteins that are a key structural and functional component of tight junctions. CLs are overexpressed in some malignant tumors. Claudin-4 is highly expressed in the epithelial cells covering mucosal immune tissues. CLs may therefore be a potential target for improving drug absorption, treating cancer, and developing mucosal vaccine. Research using Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin has resulted in proofs of concept for CL-targeted drug development. A platform for the creation of CL binders, such as immunization of CL and preparation of CL proteins, is now beginning to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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17
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Kato T, Suzuki F, Park EY. Display of the human (pro)renin receptor on Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) particles using Bm cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 114:564-9. [PMID: 22762973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The human (pro)renin receptor (hPRR) was displayed on the surface of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) with and without fusion to glycoprotein 64 (GP64) of the BmNPV. hPRR1 is a native hPRR with an additional FLAG peptide sequence inserted between the signal peptide and prorenin-binding domain. hPRR2 has the prorenin-binding domain inserted between amino acid residues (81)Asp and (82)Pro of GP64. hPRR4 has the prorenin-binding domain inserted in (81)Asp and (320)Met of partially deleted GP64. Incorporation of hPRR was confirmed in recombinant BmNPV (rBmNPV) but not in cysteine protease-deleted rBmNPV. hPRR1 was observed in ER, but hPRR2 and hPRR4 were observed around the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in its periphery. rBmNPV-hPRR1 and -hPRR2, carrying hPRR1 and hPRR2 respectively, showed binding affinity to human renin, but rBmNPV-hPRR4 did not. The presence of hPRR4 of rBmNPV-hPRR4 was confirmed in western blotting under nonreducing conditions, suggesting that although hPRR4 was incorporated in rBmNPV-hPRR4, it behaved as a non-functional aggregate. This rBmNPV display system can also be used for analyzing a ligand-receptor interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Guan X, Fierke CA. Understanding Protein Palmitoylation: Biological Significance and Enzymology. Sci China Chem 2011; 54:1888-1897. [PMID: 25419213 DOI: 10.1007/s11426-011-4428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation is a widespread lipid modification in which one or more cysteine thiols on a substrate protein are modified to form a thioester with a palmitoyl group. This lipid modification is readily reversible; a feature of protein palmitoylation that allows for rapid regulation of the function of many cellular proteins. Mutations in palmitoyltransferases (PATs), the enzymes that catalyze the formation of this modification, are associated with a number of neurological diseases and cancer progression. This review summarizes the crucial role of palmitoylation in biological systems, the discovery of the DHHC protein family that catalyzes protein palmitoylation, and the development of methods for investigating the catalytic mechanism of PATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomu Guan
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Carol A Fierke
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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Hötzel I, Chiang V, Diao J, Pantua H, Maun HR, Kapadia SB. Efficient production of antibodies against a mammalian integral membrane protein by phage display. Protein Eng Des Sel 2011; 24:679-89. [PMID: 21810920 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzr039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of phage display technology to mammalian proteins with multiple transmembrane regions has had limited success due to the difficulty in generating these proteins in sufficient amounts and purity. We report here a method that can be easily and generally applied to sorting of phage display libraries with multispan protein targets solubilized in detergent. A key feature of this approach is the production of biotinylated multispan proteins in virions of a baculovirus vector that allows library panning without prior purification of the target protein. We obtained Fab fragments from a naïve synthetic antibody phage library that, when engineered into full-length immunoglobulin (Ig)G, specifically bind cells expressing claudin-1, a protein with four transmembrane regions that is used as an entry co-receptor by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Affinity-matured variants of one of these antibodies efficiently inhibited HCV infection. The use of baculovirus particles as a source of mammalian multispan protein facilitates the application of phage display to this difficult class of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Hötzel
- Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Neutralization of the γ-secretase activity by monoclonal antibody against extracellular domain of nicastrin. Oncogene 2011; 31:787-798. [PMID: 21725355 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that aberrant Notch signaling contributes to the development of several types of cancer. Activation of Notch receptor is executed through intramembrane proteolysis by γ-secretase, which is a multimeric membrane-embedded protease comprised of presenilin, nicastrin (NCT), anterior pharynx defective 1 and PEN-2. In this study, we report the neutralization of the γ-secretase activity by a novel monoclonal antibody A5226A against the extracellular domain of NCT, generated by using a recombinant budded baculovirus as an immunogen. This antibody recognized fully glycosylated mature NCT in the active γ-secretase complex on the cell surface, and inhibited the γ-secretase activity by competing with the substrate binding in vitro. Moreover, A5226A abolished the γ-secretase activity-dependent growth of cancer cells in a xenograft model. Our data provide compelling evidence that NCT is a molecular target for the mechanism-based inhibition of γ-secretase, and that targeting NCT might be a novel therapeutic strategy against cancer caused by aberrant γ-secretase activity and Notch signaling.
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Kato T, Suzuki F, Park EY. Purification of functional baculovirus particles from silkworm larval hemolymph and their use as nanoparticles for the detection of human prorenin receptor (PRR) binding. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:60. [PMID: 21635720 PMCID: PMC3118113 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Baculovirus, which has a width of 40 nm and a length of 250-300 nm, can display functional peptides, receptors and antigens on its surface by their fusion with a baculovirus envelop protein, GP64. In addition, some transmembrane proteins can be displayed without GP64 fusion, using the native transmembrane domains of the baculovirus. We used this functionality to display human prorenin receptor fused with GFPuv (GFPuv-hPRR) on the surface of silkworm Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) and then tested whether these baculovirus particles could be used to detect protein-protein interactions. Results BmNPV displaying GFPuv-hPRR (BmNPV-GFPuv-hPRR) was purified from hemolymph by using Sephacryl S-1000 column chromatography in the presence of 0.01% Triton X-100. Its recovery was 86% and the final baculovirus particles number was 4.98 × 108 pfu. Based on the results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 3.1% of the total proteins in BmNPV-GFPuv-hPRR were GFPuv-hPRR. This value was similar to that calculated from the result of western blot by a densitometry (2.7%). To determine whether BmNPV-GFPuv-hPRR particles were bound to human prorenin, ELISA results were compared with those from ELISAs using protease negative BmNPV displaying β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 fused with the gene encoding GFPuv (GGT2) (BmNPV-CP--GGT2) particles, which do not display hPRR on their surfaces. Conclusion The display of on the surface of the BmNPV particles will be useful for the detection of protein-protein interactions and the screening of inhibitors and drugs in their roles as nanobioparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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22
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A novel screening system for claudin binder using baculoviral display. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16611. [PMID: 21339813 PMCID: PMC3038848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in cell biology has provided new insight into the claudin (CL) family of integral membrane proteins, which contains more than 20 members, as a target for pharmaceutical therapy. Few ligands for CL have been identified because it is difficult to prepare CL in an intact form. In the present study, we developed a method to screen for CL binders by using the budded baculovirus (BV) display system. CL4-displaying BV interacted with a CL4 binder, the C-terminal fragment of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE), but it did not interact with C-CPE that was mutated in its CL4-binding region. C-CPE did not interact with BV and CL1-displaying BV. We used CL4-displaying BV to select CL4-binding phage in a mixture of a scFv-phage and C-CPE-phage. The percentage of C-CPE-phage in the phage mixture increased from 16.7% before selection to 92% after selection, indicating that CL-displaying BV may be useful for the selection of CL binders. We prepared a C-CPE phage library by mutating the functional amino acids. We screened the library for CL4 binders by affinity to CL4-displaying BV, and we found that the novel CL4 binders modulated the tight-junction barrier. These findings indicate that the CL-displaying BV system may be a promising method to produce a novel CL binder and modulator.
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Sf9 cells: a versatile model system to investigate the pharmacological properties of G protein-coupled receptors. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:387-418. [PMID: 20705094 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Sf9 cell/baculovirus expression system is widely used for high-level protein expression, often with the purpose of purification. However, proteins may also be functionally expressed in the defined Sf9 cell environment. According to the literature, the pharmacology of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) functionally reconstituted in Sf9 cells is similar to the receptor properties in mammalian cells. Sf9 cells express both recombinant GPCRs and G-proteins at much higher levels than mammalian cells. Sf9 cells can be grown in suspension culture, providing an inexpensive way of obtaining large protein amounts. Co-infection with various baculoviruses allows free combination of GPCRs with different G-proteins. The absence of constitutively active receptors in Sf9 cells provides an excellent signal-to background ratio in functional assays, allowing the detection of agonist-independent receptor activity and of small ligand-induced signals including partial agonistic and inverse agonistic effects. Insect cell Gα(i)-like proteins mostly do not couple productively to mammalian GPCRs. Thus, unlike in mammalian cells, Sf9 cells do not require pertussis toxin treatment to obtain a Gα(i)-free environment. Co-expression of GPCRs with Gα(i1), Gα(i2), Gα(i3) or Gα(o) in Sf9 cells allows the generation of a selectivity profile for these Gα(i/o)-isoforms. Additionally, GPCR-G-protein combinations can be compared with defined 1:1 stoichiometry by expressing GPCR-Gα fusion proteins. Sf9 cells can also be employed for ligand screening in medicinal chemistry programs, using radioligand binding assays or functional assays, like the steady-state GTPase- or [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay. This review shows that Sf9 cells are a versatile model system to investigate the pharmacological properties of GPCRs.
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Kamiya K, Tsumoto K, Arakawa S, Shimizu S, Morita I, Yoshimura T, Akiyoshi K. Preparation of connexin43-integrated giant Liposomes by a baculovirus expression-liposome fusion method. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 107:836-43. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fukata Y, Fukata M. Protein palmitoylation in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci 2010; 11:161-75. [PMID: 20168314 DOI: 10.1038/nrn2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation, a classical and common lipid modification, regulates diverse aspects of neuronal protein trafficking and function. The reversible nature of palmitoylation provides a potential general mechanism for protein shuttling between intracellular compartments. The recent discovery of palmitoylating enzymes--a large DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys) protein family--and the development of new proteomic and imaging methods have accelerated palmitoylation analysis. It is becoming clear that individual DHHC enzymes generate and maintain the specialized compartmentalization of substrates in polarized neurons. Here, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms for dynamic protein palmitoylation and the emerging roles of protein palmitoylation in various aspects of pathophysiology, including neuronal development and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Fukata
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
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Kato T, Kajikawa M, Maenaka K, Park EY. Silkworm expression system as a platform technology in life science. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 85:459-70. [PMID: 19830419 PMCID: PMC2802491 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Many recombinant proteins have been successfully produced in silkworm larvae or pupae and used for academic and industrial purposes. Several recombinant proteins produced by silkworms have already been commercialized. However, construction of a recombinant baculovirus containing a gene of interest requires tedious and troublesome steps and takes a long time (3-6 months). The recent development of a bacmid, Escherichia coli and Bombyx mori shuttle vector, has eliminated the conventional tedious procedures required to identify and isolate recombinant viruses. Several technical improvements, including a cysteine protease or chitinase deletion bacmid and chaperone-assisted expression and coexpression, have led to significantly increased protein yields and reduced costs for large-scale production. Terminal N-acetyl glucosamine and galactose residues were found in the N-glycan structures produced by silkworms, which are different from those generated by insect cells. Genomic elucidation of silkworm has opened a new chapter in utilization of silkworm. Transgenic silkworm technology provides a stable production of recombinant protein. Baculovirus surface display expression is one of the low-cost approaches toward silkworm larvae-derived recombinant subunit vaccines. The expression of pharmaceutically relevant proteins, including cell/viral surface proteins, membrane proteins, and guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) coupled receptors, using silkworm larvae or cocoons has become very attractive. Silkworm biotechnology is an innovative and easy approach to achieve high protein expression levels and is a very promising platform technology in the field of life science. Like the "Silkroad," we expect that the "Bioroad" from Asia to Europe will be established by the silkworm expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
| | - Mizuho Kajikawa
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Enoch Y. Park
- Faculty of Agriculture, Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
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Mäkelä AR, Ernst W, Grabherr R, Oker-Blom C. Baculovirus-based display and gene delivery systems. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2010; 2010:pdb.top72. [PMID: 20194476 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The baculovirus expression vector system has been used extensively to produce numerous proteins originating from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources. In addition to easy cloning techniques and abundant viral propagation, the system's insect cell environment provides eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery. The recently established eukaryotic molecular biology tool, the baculovirus display vector system (BDVS), allows the combination of genotype with phenotype, enabling presentation of foreign peptides or even complex proteins on the baculoviral envelope or capsid. This strategy is important because it can be used to enhance viral binding and entry to mammalian cells as well as to produce antibodies against the displayed antigen. In addition, the technology should enable modifications of intracellular behavior, that is, trafficking of recombinant "nanoparticles," a highly relevant feature for studies of targeted gene or protein delivery. This article discusses the design and potential uses of insect-derived baculoviral display vectors.
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Hori T, Sato Y, Takahashi N, Takio K, Yokomizo T, Nakamura M, Shimizu T, Miyano M. Expression, purification and characterization of leukotriene B(4) receptor, BLT1 in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 72:66-74. [PMID: 20188179 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2009] [Revised: 02/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The high yield expression of BLT1, a G-protein coupled receptor for leukotriene B(4), was established in Pichia pastoris for structural studies. Guinea pig BLT1 was expressed in a functional form without post-translational modifications for the rapid purification and the crystallization. Among the BLT1s from four species, only guinea pig BLT1 was successfully expressed with the comparable binding affinity to BLT1 of native guinea pig tissues for several ligands. Only Asn4 of the two putative N-glycosylation sites was glycosylated, and the mutation to Ala to avoid glycosylation did not affect the ligand binding affinity. However, the N-terminal region of the mutant was digested at the carboxyl ends of Arg3 and Arg8, as detected by N-terminal amino acid sequencing, and Ser309 in the C-terminal region was partially phosphorylated, as identified in the micro-sequencing by Q-TOF-MS/MS. To avoid chemical heterogeneity, the N-terminal peptide (1-14) truncated and the C-terminal phosphorylation-site eliminated mutant was generated. The binding affinity of the mutant's membrane fraction for LTB(4) was K(d)=6.6 nM and B(max)=50.0 pmol/mg membrane protein. The yield of purified mutant was approximately 0.3-0.4 mg from 1L culture, and the protein showed a single peak at molecular weight of 100 kDa in gel-filtration and no glycosylation or phosphorylation in MALDI-TOF MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hori
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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Noritake J, Fukata Y, Iwanaga T, Hosomi N, Tsutsumi R, Matsuda N, Tani H, Iwanari H, Mochizuki Y, Kodama T, Matsuura Y, Bredt DS, Hamakubo T, Fukata M. Mobile DHHC palmitoylating enzyme mediates activity-sensitive synaptic targeting of PSD-95. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 186:147-60. [PMID: 19596852 PMCID: PMC2712995 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200903101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation is the most common posttranslational lipid modification; its reversibility mediates protein shuttling between intracellular compartments. A large family of DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys) proteins has emerged as protein palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs). However, mechanisms that regulate these PATs in a physiological context remain unknown. In this study, we efficiently monitored the dynamic palmitate cycling on synaptic scaffold PSD-95. We found that blocking synaptic activity rapidly induces PSD-95 palmitoylation and mediates synaptic clustering of PSD-95 and associated AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid)-type glutamate receptors. A dendritically localized DHHC2 but not the Golgi-resident DHHC3 mediates this activity-sensitive palmitoylation. Upon activity blockade, DHHC2 translocates to the postsynaptic density to transduce this effect. These data demonstrate that individual DHHC members are differentially regulated and that dynamic recruitment of protein palmitoylation machinery enables compartmentalized regulation of protein trafficking in response to extracellular signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Noritake
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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Martin A, Damian M, Laguerre M, Parello J, Pucci B, Serre L, Mary S, Marie J, Banères JL. Engineering a G protein-coupled receptor for structural studies: stabilization of the BLT1 receptor ground state. Protein Sci 2009; 18:727-34. [PMID: 19309698 DOI: 10.1002/pro.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Structural characterization of membrane proteins is hampered by their instability in detergent solutions. We modified here a G protein-coupled receptor, the BLT1 receptor of leukotriene B(4), to stabilize it in vitro. For this, we introduced a metal-binding site connecting the third and sixth transmembrane domains of the receptor. This modification was intended to restrain the activation-associated relative movement of these helices that results in a less stable packing in the isolated receptor. The modified receptor binds its agonist with low-affinity and can no longer trigger G protein activation, indicating that it is stabilized in its ground state conformation. Of importance, the modified BLT1 receptor displays an increased temperature-, detergent-, and time-dependent stability compared with the wild-type receptor. These data indicate that stabilizing the ground state of this GPCR by limiting the activation-associated movements of the transmembrane helices is a way to increase its stability in detergent solutions; this could represent a forward step on the way of its crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Martin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS Universités Montpellier I et II, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Av. Ch. Flahault, BP14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Kato T, Manoha SL, Tanaka S, Park EY. High-titer preparation of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) displaying recombinant protein in silkworm larvae by size exclusion chromatography and its characterization. BMC Biotechnol 2009; 9:55. [PMID: 19523201 PMCID: PMC2703641 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-9-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Budded baculoviruses are utilized for vaccine, the production of antibody and functional analysis of transmembrane proteins. In this study, we tried to produce and purify the recombinant Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (rBmNPV-hPRR) that displayed human (pro)renin receptor (hPRR) connected with FLAG peptide sequence on its own surface. These particles were used for further binding analysis of hPRR to human prorenin. The rBmNPV-hPRR was produced in silkworm larvae and purified from its hemolymph using size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Results A rapid method of BmNPV titer determination in hemolymph was performed using quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR). A correlation coefficient of BmNPV determination between end-point dilution and Q-PCR methods was found to be 0.99. rBmNPV-hPRR bacmid-injected silkworm larvae produced recombinant baculovirus of 1.31 × 108 plaque forming unit (pfu) in hemolymph, which was 2.8 × 104 times higher than transfection solution in Bm5 cells. Its purification yield by Sephacryl S-1000 SF column chromatography was 264 fold from larval hemolymph at 4 days post-injection (p.i.), but 35 or 39 fold at 4.5 or 5 days p.i., respectively. Protein patterns of rBmNPV-hPRR purified at 4 and 5 days were the same and ratio of envelope proteins (76, 45 and 35 kDa) to VP39, one of nucleocapsid proteins, increased at 5 days p.i. hPRR was detected in only purified rBmNPV-hPRR at 5 days p.i.. Conclusion The successful purification of rBmNPV-hPRR indicates that baculovirus production using silkworm larvae and its purification from hemolymph by Sephacryl S-1000 SF column chromatography can provide an economical approach in obtaining the purified BmNPV stocks with high titer for large-scale production of hPRR. Also, it can be utilized for further binding analysis and screening of inhibitors of hPRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Watanabe S, Yamasaki A, Hashimoto K, Shigeoka Y, Chikumi H, Hasegawa Y, Sumikawa T, Takata M, Okazaki R, Watanabe M, Yokogawa T, Yamamura M, Hayabuchi T, Gerthoffer WT, Halayko AJ, Shimizu E. Expression of functional leukotriene B4 receptors on human airway smooth muscle cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124:59-65.e1-3. [PMID: 19477492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) increases in induced sputum and exhaled breath condensate in people with asthma. Furthermore, the T(H)2-type immune response and airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ovalbumin sensitization is markedly suppressed in LTB4 receptor (BLT) 1 null mice. These studies suggest that LTB4 may contribute to asthma pathophysiology. However, the direct effects of LTB4 on human airway smooth muscle (ASM) have not been studied. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the expression of LTB4 receptors on human ASM and its functional role in mediating responses of human ASM cells, and the effect of LTB4 on these cells. METHODS Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, Western blotting, and flow cytometry were used to determine the expression of LTB4 receptors. To determine the effect of LTB4 on human ASM cells, cell proliferation was assessed by counting cells, and chemokinesis was assessed by gold particle phagokinesis assay. RESULTS We confirmed expression of both BLT1 and BLT2 in human ASM cells in bronchial tissue and in cell culture. LTB4 markedly induced cyclin D1 expression, proliferation, and chemokinesis of human ASM cells. LTB4 also induced phosphorylation of both p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and downstream PI3 kinase effector, Akt1. However, we observed no induction of c-Jun N-terminal kinase or p38 MAPK. Notably, LTB4-induced migration and proliferation of ASM cells were inhibited by the BLT1 specific antagonist, U75302, and by inhibitors of p42/p44 MAPK phosphorylation (U1026), and PI3 kinase (LY294002). CONCLUSIONS These observations are the first to suggest a role for a LTB4-BLT1 signaling axis in ASM responses that may contribute to the pathogenesis of airway remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Watanabe
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Kajikawa M, Sasaki K, Wakimoto Y, Toyooka M, Motohashi T, Shimojima T, Takeda S, Park EY, Maenaka K. Efficient silkworm expression of human GPCR (nociceptin receptor) by a Bombyx mori bacmid DNA system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 385:375-9. [PMID: 19463790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) coupled receptors (GPCRs) are frequently expressed by a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). We recently established a novel BEVS using the bacmid system of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), which is directly applicable for protein expression in silkworms. Here, we report the first example of GPCR expression in silkworms by the simple injection of BmNPV bacmid DNA. Human nociceptin receptor, an inhibitory GPCR, and its fusion protein with inhibitory G protein alpha subunit (G(i)alpha) were both successfully expressed in the fat bodies of silkworm larvae as well as in the BmNPV viral fraction. Its yield was much higher than that from Sf9 cells. The microsomal fractions including the nociceptin receptor fusion, which are easily prepared by only centrifugation steps, exhibited [35S]GTPgammaS-binding activity upon specific stimulation by nociceptin. Therefore, this rapid method is easy-to-use and has a high expression level, and thus will be an important tool for human GPCR production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Kajikawa
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Localization of human (pro)renin receptor lacking the transmembrane domain on budded baculovirus of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 82:431-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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A simple detection method for low-affinity membrane protein interactions by baculoviral display. PLoS One 2008; 3:e4024. [PMID: 19107192 PMCID: PMC2602974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Membrane protein interactions play an important role in cell-to-cell recognition in various biological activities such as in the immune or neural system. Nevertheless, there has remained the major obstacle of expression of the membrane proteins in their active form. Recently, we and other investigators found that functional membrane proteins express on baculovirus particles (budded virus, BV). In this study, we applied this BV display system to detect interaction between membrane proteins important for cell-to-cell interaction in immune system. Methodology/Principal Findings We infected Sf9 cells with recombinant baculovirus encoding the T cell membrane protein CD2 or its ligand CD58 and recovered the BV. We detected specific interaction between CD2-displaying BV and CD58-displaying BV by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using this system, we also detected specific interaction between two other membrane receptor-ligand pairs, CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L), and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related protein (GITR)-GITR ligand (GITRL). Furthermore, we observed specific binding of BV displaying CD58, CD40L, or GITRL to cells naturally expressing their respective receptors by flowcytometric analysis using anti-baculoviral gp64 antibody. Finally we isolated CD2 cDNA from a cDNA expression library by magnetic separation using CD58-displayng BV and anti-gp64 antibody. Conclusions We found the BV display system worked effectively in the detection of the interaction of membrane proteins. Since various membrane proteins and their oligomeric complexes can be displayed on BV in the native form, this BV display system should prove highly useful in the search for natural ligands or to develop screening systems for therapeutic antibodies and/or compounds.
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Halls ML, van der Westhuizen ET, Wade JD, Evans BA, Bathgate RAD, Summers RJ. Relaxin family peptide receptor (RXFP1) coupling to G(alpha)i3 involves the C-terminal Arg752 and localization within membrane Raft Microdomains. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 75:415-28. [PMID: 19029286 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.051227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The relaxin family peptide receptors (RXFP) 1 and 2 are targets for the relaxin family peptides relaxin and insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3), respectively. Although both receptors and peptides share a high degree of sequence identity, the cAMP signaling pathways activated by the two systems are quite distinct. Relaxin activation of RXFP1 initially results in accumulation of cAMP via G(alpha)(s), but this is modulated by inhibition of cAMP through G(alpha)(oB). Over time, RXFP1 recruits coupling to G(alpha)(i3), causing additional cAMP accumulation via a G(alpha)(i3)-Gbetagamma-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase C (PKC)zeta pathway. In contrast, INSL3 activation of RXFP2 results in accumulation of cAMP only via G(alpha)(s), modulated by cAMP inhibition through G(alpha)(oB). Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the cause of differential G-protein coupling between these highly similar receptors. Construction of chimeric receptors revealed that G(alpha)(i3) coupling is dependent upon the transmembrane region of RXFP1 and independent of the receptor ectodomain or ligand bound. Generation of C-terminal truncated receptors identified the terminal 10 amino acids of the RXFP1 C terminus as essential for G(alpha)(i3) signaling, and point mutations revealed an obligatory role for Arg(752). RXFP1-mediated G(alpha)(i3), but not G(alpha)(s) or G(alpha)(oB), signaling was also found to be dependent upon membrane rafts, and RXFP1 coupled to G(alpha)(i3) after only 3 min of receptor stimulation. Therefore, RXFP1 coupling to the G(alpha)(i3)-Gbetagamma-PI3K-PKCzeta pathway requires the terminal 10 amino acids of the RXFP1 C terminus and membrane raft localization, and the observed delay in this pathway occurs downstream of G(alpha)(i3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Halls
- Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
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Fukushima H, Mizutani M, Imamura K, Morino K, Kobayashi J, Okumura K, Tsumoto K, Yoshimura T. Development of a Novel Preparation Method of Recombinant Proteoliposomes Using Baculovirus Gene Expression Systems. J Biochem 2008; 144:763-70. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvn125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sakihama T, Masuda K, Sato T, Doi T, Kodama T, Hamakubo T. Functional reconstitution of G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated adenylyl cyclase activation by a baculoviral co-display system. J Biotechnol 2008; 135:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Damian M, Mary S, Martin A, Pin JP, Banères JL. G protein activation by the leukotriene B4 receptor dimer. Evidence for an absence of trans-activation. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:21084-92. [PMID: 18490452 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m710419200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that G protein-coupled receptors exist as homo- and heterodimers, but the way these assemblies function at the molecular level remains unclear. We used here the purified leukotriene B(4) receptor BLT1 stabilized in its dimeric state to analyze how a receptor dimer activates G proteins. For this, we produced heterodimers between the wild-type BLT1 and a BLT1/ALXR chimera. The latter is no longer activated by leukotriene B(4) but is still activated by ALXR agonists. In this heterodimer, agonist binding to either one of the two protomers induced asymmetric conformational changes within the receptor dimer. Of importance, no G protein activation was observed when using a dimer where the ligand-loaded protomer was not able to trigger GDP/GTP exchange due to specific mutations in its third intracellular loop, establishing that the conformation of the agonist-free protomer is not competent for G protein activation. Taken together, these data indicate that although ligand binding to one protomer in the heterodimer is associated with cross-conformational changes, a trans-activation mechanism where the ligand-free subunit would trigger GDP/GTP exchange cannot be considered in this case for G protein activation. This observation sheds light into the way GPCR dimers, in particular heterodimers, could activate their cognate G proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Damian
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS UMR5247, Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, Montpellier, France
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Expression and purification of human (pro)renin receptor in insect cells using baculovirus expression system. Protein Expr Purif 2008; 58:242-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2007.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wei C, Yamato M, Wei W, Zhao X, Tsumoto K, Yoshimura T, Ozawa T, Chen YJ. Genetic nanomedicine and tissue engineering. Med Clin North Am 2007; 91:889-98. [PMID: 17826109 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article describes current investigative directions in nanotechnology-based medicine. It discusses cell sheet engineering, the molecular design of self-assembling peptide nanomaterials; the reconstitution of membrane protein systems on giant liposomes as artificial cell models, a biochemically engineered molecular communication system, and the use of split-reporter reconstitution analysis to image biomolecules in living cells and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiming Wei
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street/Harvey 606, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Saitoh R, Ohtomo T, Yamada Y, Kamada N, Nezu JI, Kimura N, Funahashi SI, Furugaki K, Yoshino T, Kawase Y, Kato A, Ueda O, Jishage KI, Suzuki M, Fukuda R, Arai M, Iwanari H, Takahashi K, Sakihama T, Ohizumi I, Kodama T, Tsuchiya M, Hamakubo T. Viral envelope protein gp64 transgenic mouse facilitates the generation of monoclonal antibodies against exogenous membrane proteins displayed on baculovirus. J Immunol Methods 2007; 322:104-17. [PMID: 17374538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Revised: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have been investigating the functional display of multipass membrane protein such as transporter or G-protein coupled receptor on the budded baculovirus (BV). We tested the use of a viral envelope protein gp64 transgenic mouse for the direct immunization of these membrane proteins displayed on BVs. The gp64 transgenic mice showed only a weak response to virus compared to wild type BALB/c mice. Immunizing gp64 transgenic mice with the BV expressing peptide transporter PepT1, we obtained 47 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). These mAbs were specific to the PepT1 on the pancreatic cancer cells AsPC-1 by fluorocytometric analysis and exhibited antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity or complement-dependent cytotoxicity to AsPC-1. We also generated 7 mAbs by immunizing gp64 transgenic mice on a CCR2-deficient background with the BV expressing chemokine receptor CCR2 together with partially purified CCR2. These mAbs possessed specific binding to CCR2 in CHO cells on fluorocytometric analysis, and exhibited neutralizing activities for ligand-dependent inhibition of cyclic AMP production. This method provides a powerful tool for the generation of therapeutic/diagnostic mAbs against membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Saitoh
- Fuji Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
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Kuniyeda K, Okuno T, Terawaki K, Miyano M, Yokomizo T, Shimizu T. Identification of the Intracellular Region of the Leukotriene B4 Receptor Type 1 That Is Specifically Involved in Gi Activation. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:3998-4006. [PMID: 17158791 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610540200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many G-protein-coupled receptors can activate more than one G-protein subfamily member. Leukotriene B4 receptor type 1 (BLT1) is a high affinity G-protein-coupled receptors for leukotriene B4 functioning in host defense, inflammation, and immunity. Previous studies have shown that BLT1 utilizes different G-proteins (the Gi family and G16 G-proteins) in mediating diverse cellular events and that truncation of the cytoplasmic tail of BLT1 does not impair activation of Gi and G16 proteins. To determine responsive regions of BLT1 for G-protein coupling, we performed an extensive mutagenesis study of its intracellular loops. Three intracellular loops (i1, i2, and i3) of BLT1 were found to be important for both Gi and G16 coupling, as judged by Gi-dependent guanosine 5'-(gamma-thio) triphosphate (GTPgammaS) binding and G16-dependent inositol phosphate accumulation assays. The i3-1 mutant, with a mutation at the i3 amino terminus, exhibited greatly reduced GTPgammaS binding but intact inositol phosphate accumulation triggered by leukotriene B4 stimulation. These results suggest that the i3-1 region is required only for Gi activation. Moreover, in the i3-1 mutant, the deficiency in Gi activation was accompanied by a loss of the high affinity leukotriene B4 binding state seen with the wild type receptor. A three-dimensional model of BLT1 constructed based on the structure of bovine rhodopsin suggests that the i3-1 region may consist of the cytoplasmic end of the transmembrane helix V, which protrudes the helix into the cytoplasm. From mutational studies and three-dimensional modeling, we propose that the extended cytoplasmic helix connected to the transmembrane helix V of BLT1 might be a key region for selective activation of Gi proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Kuniyeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Damian M, Martin A, Mesnier D, Pin JP, Banères JL. Asymmetric conformational changes in a GPCR dimer controlled by G-proteins. EMBO J 2006; 25:5693-702. [PMID: 17139258 PMCID: PMC1698895 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key players in cell communication. Although long considered as monomeric, it now appears that these heptahelical proteins can form homo- or heterodimers. Here, we analyzed the conformational changes in each subunit of a receptor dimer resulting from agonist binding to either one or both subunits by measuring the fluorescent properties of a leukotriene B(4) receptor dimer with a single 5-hydroxytryptophan-labeled protomer. We show that a receptor dimer with only a single agonist-occupied subunit can trigger G-protein activation. We also show that the two subunits of the receptor dimer in the G-protein-coupled state differ in their conformation, even when both are liganded by the agonist. No such asymmetric conformational changes are observed in the absence of G-protein, indicating that the interaction of the G-protein with the receptor dimer brings specific constraints that prevent a symmetric functioning of this dimer. These data open new options for the differential signaling properties of GPCR dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Damian
- UMR 5074 CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire et Interactions Biologiques, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Université Montpellier I, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Aimée Martin
- UMR 5074 CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire et Interactions Biologiques, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Université Montpellier I, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Danielle Mesnier
- UMR 5074 CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire et Interactions Biologiques, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Université Montpellier I, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- CNRS UMR 5203, Montpellier, France
- INSERM U 661, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
- Département de Pharmacologie Moléculaire, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Louis Banères
- UMR 5074 CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire et Interactions Biologiques, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Université Montpellier I, Montpellier Cedex, France
- UMR 5074, CNRS, Université Montpellier I, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Av. Ch. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. Tel.: +33 467 548 667; Fax: +33 467 548 625; E-mail:
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Mäkelä AR, Oker-Blom C. Baculovirus display: a multifunctional technology for gene delivery and eukaryotic library development. Adv Virus Res 2006; 68:91-112. [PMID: 16997010 PMCID: PMC7112267 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(06)68003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For over a decade, phage display has proven to be of immense value, allowing selection of a large variety of genes with novel functions from diverse libraries. However, the folding and modification requirements of complex proteins place a severe constraint on the type of protein that can be successfully displayed using this strategy, a restriction that could be resolved by similarly engineering a eukaryotic virus for display purposes. The quite recently established eukaryotic molecular biology tool, the baculovirus display vector system (BDVS), allows combination of genotype with phenotype and thereby enables presentation of eukaryotic proteins on the viral envelope or capsid. Data have shown that the baculovirus, Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), is a versatile tool for eukaryotic virus display. Insertion of heterologous peptides and/or proteins into the viral surface by utilizing the major envelope glycoprotein gp64, or foreign membrane-derived counterparts, allows incorporation of the sequence of interest onto the surface of infected cells and virus particles. A number of strategies are being investigated in order to further develop the display capabilities of AcMNPV and improve the complexity of a library that may be accommodated. Numerous expression vectors for various approaches of surface display have already been developed. Further improvement of both insertion and selection strategies toward development of a refined tool for use in the creation of useful eukaryotic libraries is, however, needed. Here, the status of baculovirus display with respect to alteration of virus tropism, antigen presentation, transgene expression in mammalian cells, and development of eukaryotic libraries will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Mäkelä
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, NanoScience Center University of Jyväskylä, FIN-40014, Finland
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Pétrin D, Turcotte S, Gilbert AK, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Stankova J. The anti-apoptotic effect of leukotriene B4 in neutrophils: A role for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Mcl-1. Cell Signal 2006; 18:479-87. [PMID: 15970427 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The constitutive commitment of neutrophils to apoptosis is a key process for the control and resolution of inflammation and it can be delayed by various inflammatory mediators including leukotriene B4 (LTB4). The mechanisms by which LTB4 contributes to neutrophil survival are still unclear and the present work aims at identifying intracellular pathways underlying this effect. Inhibition of human neutrophil apoptosis by LTB4 was abrogated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitor wortmannin and by the specific MEK inhibitor PD98059. In contrast, inhibitors of p38 MAPK, Jak2/3 and Src did not hinder the anti-apoptotic effect of LTB4. We also investigated the effects of members of the Bcl-2 family as they play a crucial role in the regulation of programmed cell death. When neutrophils were incubated with LTB4 for 1 to 6 h, the mRNA levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 were upregulated approximately 2-fold, while those of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax were downregulated 3- to 4-fold, as determined by real-time PCR. Accordingly, Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of Mcl-1 was upregulated in presence of LTB4, while flow cytometric analysis revealed that Bax protein was downregulated. Furthermore, the modulatory effects of LTB4 on Mcl-1 and Bax proteins were abolished in the presence of either wortmannin or PD98059. Taken together, these results demonstrate the participation of PI3-K and MEK/ERK kinases, as well as regulatory apoptotic proteins such as Mcl-1 and Bax, in the anti-apoptotic effects of LTB4 in human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlaine Pétrin
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, North 12th Avenue, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
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Saitoh R, Ohtomo T, Ito Y, Nezu JI, Kimura N, Funahashi SI, Aso Y, Ohizumi I, Kodama T, Hamakubo T, Tsuchiya M. Recovery of functional peptide transporter PepT1 in budded baculovirus fraction. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 46:130-5. [PMID: 16198124 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2005.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Revised: 08/10/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Transporters play a critical role in many physiological and pathological states and expression of the functional transporter protein is essential in exploring its kinetics and developing effective drugs. We describe here the recovery of functional transporter protein in the baculovirus fraction. We introduced a gene encoding human peptide transporter PepT1, important for the absorption of protein hydrolytic products or peptide-mimetic drugs, into a baculovirus vector. After infection, a large amount of PepT1 appeared in the budded virus fraction compared with Sf9 cells. Uptake of [14C]glycylsarcosine was markedly increased in an acidic condition and showed a clear overshoot in PepT1-expressing virus fraction. The apparent Michaelis constant for [14C]glycylsarcosine was 0.55 +/- 0.06 mM. [14C]Glycylsarcosine uptake was inhibited by di- and tripeptides and orally active beta-lactam antibiotics. These results suggest that functional PepT1 recovers efficiently in a budded virus fraction, and, thus, this expression system will be a useful tool for characterization and screening of peptide-mimetic drugs in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Saitoh
- Fuji Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan.
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Delos Santos NM, Gardner LA, White SW, Bahouth SW. Characterization of the residues in helix 8 of the human beta1-adrenergic receptor that are involved in coupling the receptor to G proteins. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:12896-907. [PMID: 16500896 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m508500200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several key amino acids within amphipathic helix 8 of the human beta1-adrenergic receptor (beta1-AR) were mutagenized to characterize their role in signaling by G protein-coupled receptors. Mutagenesis of phenylalanine at position 383 in the hydrophobic interface to histidine (F383H) prevented the biosynthesis of the receptor, indicating that the orientation of helix 8 is important for receptor biosynthesis. Mutagenesis of aspartic acid at position 382 in the hydrophilic interface to leucine (D382L) reduced the binding and uncoupled the receptor from G protein activation. Mutagenesis of the basic arginine residue at position 384 to glutamine (R384Q) or to glutamic acid (R384E) increased basal and agonist-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities. R384Q and R384E displayed features associated with constitutively active receptors because inverse agonists markedly reduced their elevated basal adenylyl cyclase activities. Isoproterenol increased the phosphorylation and promoted the desensitization of the Gly389 or Arg389 allelic variants of the wild type beta1-AR but failed to produce these effects in R384Q and R384E, because these receptors were maximally phosphorylated and desensitized under basal conditions. In contrast to the membranous distribution of the wild type beta1-AR, R384Q and R384E were localized mostly within intracellular punctate structures. Inverse agonists restored the membranous distribution of R384Q and R384E, indicating that they recycled normally when their constitutive internalization was blocked by inverse agonists. These data combined with computer modeling of the putative three-dimensional organization of helix 8 indicated that the amphipathic character of helix 8 and side chain projections of Asp382 and Arg384 within the hydrophilic interface might serve as a tethering site for the G protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel M Delos Santos
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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Baculovirus as versatile vectors for protein expression in insect and mammalian cells. Nat Biotechnol 2005; 23:567-75. [PMID: 15877075 PMCID: PMC3610534 DOI: 10.1038/nbt1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 675] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Today, many thousands of recombinant proteins, ranging from cytosolic enzymes to membrane-bound proteins, have been successfully produced in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Yet, in addition to its value in producing recombinant proteins in insect cells and larvae, this viral vector system continues to evolve in new and unexpected ways. This is exemplified by the development of engineered insect cell lines to mimic mammalian cell glycosylation of expressed proteins, baculovirus display strategies and the application of the virus as a mammalian-cell gene delivery vector. Novel vector design and cell engineering approaches will serve to further enhance the value of baculovirus technology.
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