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Simon-Chica A, Klesen A, Emig R, Chan A, Greiner J, Grün D, Lother A, Hilgendorf I, Rog-Zielinska EA, Ravens U, Kohl P, Schneider-Warme F, Peyronnet R. Piezo1 stretch-activated channel activity differs between murine bone marrow-derived and cardiac tissue-resident macrophages. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38642051 DOI: 10.1113/jp284805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦ) play pivotal roles in tissue homeostasis and repair. Their mechanical environment has been identified as a key modulator of various cell functions, and MΦ mechanosensitivity is likely to be critical - in particular in a rhythmically contracting organ such as the heart. Cultured MΦ, differentiated in vitro from bone marrow (MΦBM), form a popular research model. This study explores the activity of mechanosensitive ion channels (MSC) in murine MΦBM and compares it to MSC activity in MΦ enzymatically isolated from cardiac tissue (tissue-resident MΦ; MΦTR). We show that MΦBM and MΦTR have stretch-induced currents, indicating the presence of functional MSC in their plasma membrane. The current profiles in MΦBM and in MΦTR show characteristics of cation non-selective MSC such as Piezo1 or transient receptor potential channels. While Piezo1 ion channel activity is detectable in the plasma membrane of MΦBM using the patch-clamp technique, or by measuring cytosolic calcium concentration upon perfusion with the Piezo1 channel agonist Yoda1, no Piezo1 channel activity was observed in MΦTR. The selective transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel agonist GSK1016790A induces calcium entry in MΦTR and in MΦBM. In MΦ isolated from left-ventricular scar tissue 28 days after cryoablation, stretch-induced current characteristics are not significantly different compared to non-injured control tissue, even though scarred ventricular tissue is expected to be mechanically remodelled and to contain an altered composition of pre-existing cardiac and circulation-recruited MΦ. Our data suggest that the in vitro differentiation protocols used to obtain MΦBM generate cells that differ from MΦ recruited from the circulation during tissue repair in vivo. Further investigations are needed to explore MSC identity in lineage-traced MΦ in scar tissue, and to compare mechanosensitivity of circulating monocytes with that of MΦBM. KEY POINTS: Bone marrow-derived (MΦBM) and tissue resident (MΦTR) macrophages have stretch-induced currents, indicating expression of functional mechanosensitive channels (MSC) in their plasma membrane. Stretch-activated current profiles show characteristics of cation non-selective MSC; and mRNA coding for MSC, including Piezo1 and TRPV4, is expressed in murine MΦBM and in MΦTR. Calcium entry upon pharmacological activation of TRPV4 confirms functionality of the channel in MΦTR and in MΦBM. Piezo1 ion channel activity is detected in the plasma membrane of MΦBM but not in MΦTR, suggesting that MΦBM may not be a good model to study the mechanotransduction of MΦTR. Stretch-induced currents, Piezo1 mRNA expression and response to pharmacological activation are not significantly changed in cardiac MΦ 28 days after cryoinjury compared to sham operated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Simon-Chica
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexander Klesen
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Paediatric Cardiology, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ramona Emig
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andy Chan
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Greiner
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Grün
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Achim Lother
- Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva A Rog-Zielinska
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Ravens
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Schneider-Warme
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rémi Peyronnet
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Delgado-Bermúdez A, Yeste M, Bonet S, Pinart E. Physiological role of potassium channels in mammalian germ cell differentiation, maturation, and capacitation. Andrology 2024. [PMID: 38436215 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion channels are essential for differentiation and maturation of germ cells, and even for fertilization in mammals. Different types of potassium channels have been identified, which are grouped into voltage-gated channels (Kv), ligand-gated channels (Kligand ), inwardly rectifying channels (Kir ), and tandem pore domain channels (K2P ). MATERIAL-METHODS The present review includes recent findings on the role of potassium channels in sperm physiology of mammals. RESULTS-DISCUSSION While most studies conducted thus far have been focused on the physiological role of voltage- (Kv1, Kv3, and Kv7) and calcium-gated channels (SLO1 and SLO3) during sperm capacitation, especially in humans and rodents, little data about the types of potassium channels present in the plasma membrane of differentiating germ cells exist. In spite of this, recent evidence suggests that the content and regulation mechanisms of these channels vary throughout spermatogenesis. Potassium channels are also essential for the regulation of sperm cell volume during epididymal maturation and for preventing premature membrane hyperpolarization. It is important to highlight that the nature, biochemical properties, localization, and regulation mechanisms of potassium channels are species-specific. In effect, while SLO3 is the main potassium channel involved in the K+ current during sperm capacitation in rodents, different potassium channels are implicated in the K+ outflow and, thus, plasma membrane hyperpolarization during sperm capacitation in other mammalian species, such as humans and pigs. CONCLUSIONS Potassium conductance is essential for male fertility, not only during sperm capacitation but throughout the spermiogenesis and epididymal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Delgado-Bermúdez
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Unit of Cell Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Unit of Cell Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Bonet
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Unit of Cell Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Pinart
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Unit of Cell Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Navarro-Pérez M, Capera J, Benavente-Garcia A, Cassinelli S, Colomer-Molera M, Felipe A. Kv1.3 in the spotlight for treating immune diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:67-82. [PMID: 38316438 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2315021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kv1.3 is the main voltage-gated potassium channel of leukocytes from both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Channel function is required for common processes such as Ca2+ signaling but also for cell-specific events. In this context, alterations in Kv1.3 are associated with multiple immune disorders. Excessive channel activity correlates with numerous autoimmune diseases, while reduced currents result in increased cancer prevalence and immunodeficiencies. AREAS COVERED This review offers a general view of the role of Kv1.3 in every type of leukocyte. Moreover, diseases stemming from dysregulations of the channel are detailed, as well as current advances in their therapeutic research. EXPERT OPINION Kv1.3 arises as a potential immune target in a variety of diseases. Several lines of research focused on channel modulation have yielded positive results. However, among the great variety of specific channel blockers, only one has reached clinical trials. Future investigations should focus on developing simpler administration routes for channel inhibitors to facilitate their entrance into clinical trials. Prospective Kv1.3-based treatments will ensure powerful therapies while minimizing undesired side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Navarro-Pérez
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesusa Capera
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Benavente-Garcia
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Cassinelli
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magalí Colomer-Molera
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Su K, Li XT, Hong FX, Jin M, Xue FS. Lidocaine pretreatment attenuates inflammatory response and protects against sepsis-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting potassium efflux-dependent NLRP3 activation. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:2221-2235. [PMID: 37930383 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sepsis may often result in acute lung injury (ALI), with a high mortality and morbidity. Available evidence indicates that activation of NLRP3 inflammasome to induce macrophage inflammation plays a crucial role in the inflammation progression of ALI and lidocaine can attenuate inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that lidocaine may attenuate inflammatory response and sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting potassium efflux-dependent NLRP3 activation. METHODS C57BL/6N mice were randomized and divided into six groups (n = 6) receiving different treatments. Lung vascular permeability and histological changes in the lungs were evaluated by Evans blue dye, bronchoalveolar lavage analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining. J774A.1 macrophages were divided into 12 groups receiving different treatments. The expression of both NLRP3 inflammasome activation-related protein and P2X7 in the macrophages was measured by immunofluorescence staining and Western blots. The whole cell currents were determined by a voltage-patch clamp technique. RESULTS Challenge with LPS led to ALI in mice with an increased lung injury score (0.54 ± 0.09), which was significantly attenuated by lidocaine pretreatment (0.20 ± 0.08, P < 0.0001). Lidocaine pretreatment significantly decreased the NLRP3 activation and IL-1β release in the macrophages. Furthermore, lidocaine pretreatment down-regulated the expression of P2X7 receptors, inhibited LPS- and ATP-induced sodium (Na+) inward flow, and maintained the intracellular K+ level in the macrophages. In addition, activation of Na+ influx did not eliminate anti-inflammatory effect of lidocaine. The activation of NLRP3 could be suppressed by extracellular K+ level in a dose-dependent model. However, lidocaine pretreatment eliminated NLRP3 activation and IL-1β release induced by K+ efflux, and decreased outward K+ current and extracellular K+ level in the macrophages challenged by LPS/ATP. CONCLUSIONS Lidocaine pretreatment can attenuate the sepsis-induced ALI by an anti-inflammatory mechanism of inhibiting K+ efflux-dependent NLRP3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Xiao Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fu-Shan Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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Simon-Chica A, Wülfers EM, Kohl P. Nonmyocytes as electrophysiological contributors to cardiac excitation and conduction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H475-H491. [PMID: 37417876 PMCID: PMC10538996 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00184.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Although cardiac action potential (AP) generation and propagation have traditionally been attributed exclusively to cardiomyocytes (CM), other cell types in the heart are also capable of forming electrically conducting junctions. Interactions between CM and nonmyocytes (NM) enable and modulate each other's activity. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of heterocellular electrical communication in the heart. Although cardiac fibroblasts were initially thought to be electrical insulators, recent studies have demonstrated that they form functional electrical connections with CM in situ. Other NM, such as macrophages, have also been recognized as contributing to cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis. Novel experimental tools have enabled the investigation of cell-specific activity patterns in native cardiac tissue, which is expected to yield exciting new insights into the development of novel or improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Simon-Chica
- Novel Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eike M Wülfers
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Ma S, Peng P, Duan Z, Fan Y, Li X. Predicting the Progress of Tuberculosis by Inflammatory Response-Related Genes Based on Multiple Machine Learning Comprehensive Analysis. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:7829286. [PMID: 37228444 PMCID: PMC10205410 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7829286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, affects approximately one-quarter of the global population and is considered one of the most lethal infectious diseases worldwide. The prevention of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from progressing into active tuberculosis (ATB) is crucial for controlling and eradicating TB. Unfortunately, currently available biomarkers have limited effectiveness in identifying subpopulations that are at risk of developing ATB. Hence, it is imperative to develop advanced molecular tools for TB risk stratification. Methods The TB datasets were downloaded from the GEO database. Three machine learning models, namely LASSO, RF, and SVM-RFE, were used to identify the key characteristic genes related to inflammation during the progression of LTBI to ATB. The expression and diagnostic accuracy of these characteristic genes were subsequently verified. These genes were then used to develop diagnostic nomograms. In addition, single-cell expression clustering analysis, immune cell expression clustering analysis, GSVA analysis, immune cell correlation, and immune checkpoint correlation of characteristic genes were conducted. Furthermore, the upstream shared miRNA was predicted, and a miRNA-genes network was constructed. Candidate drugs were also analyzed and predicted. Results In comparison to LTBI, a total of 96 upregulated and 26 downregulated genes related to the inflammatory response were identified in ATB. These characteristic genes have demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance and significant correlation with many immune cells and immune sites. The results of the miRNA-genes network analysis suggested a potential role of hsa-miR-3163 in the molecular mechanism of LTBI progressing into ATB. Moreover, retinoic acid may offer a potential avenue for the prevention of LTBI progression to ATB and for the treatment of ATB. Conclusion Our research has identified key inflammatory response-related genes that are characteristic of LTBI progression to ATB and hsa-miR-3163 as a significant node in the molecular mechanism of this progression. Our analyses have demonstrated the excellent diagnostic performance of these characteristic genes and their significant correlation with many immune cells and immune checkpoints. The CD274 immune checkpoint presents a promising target for the prevention and treatment of ATB. Furthermore, our findings suggest that retinoic acid may have a role in preventing LTBI from progressing to ATB and in treating ATB. This study provides a new perspective for differential diagnosis of LTBI and ATB and may uncover potential inflammatory immune mechanisms, biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and effective drugs in the progression of LTBI into ATB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Peifei Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhihao Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Yifeng Fan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
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Peraza DA, Povo-Retana A, Mojena M, García-Redondo AB, Avilés P, Boscá L, Valenzuela C. Trabectedin modulates macrophage polarization in the tumor-microenvironment. Role of K V1.3 and K V1.5 channels. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114548. [PMID: 36940615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells have an important role in the tumor-microenvironment. Macrophages may tune the immune response toward inflammatory or tolerance pathways. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have a string of immunosuppressive functions and they are considered a therapeutic target in cancer. This study aimed to analyze the effects of trabectedin, an antitumor agent, on the tumor-microenvironment through the characterization of the electrophysiological and molecular phenotype of macrophages. Experiments were performed using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique in resident peritoneal mouse macrophages. Trabectedin does not directly interact with KV1.5 and KV1.3 channels, but their treatment (16 h) with sub-cytotoxic concentrations of trabectedin increased their KV current due to an upregulation of KV1.3 channels. In vitro generated TAM (TAMiv) exhibited an M2-like phenotype. TAMiv generated a small KV current and express high levels of M2 markers. K+ current from TAMs isolated from tumors generated in mice is a mixture of KV and KCa, and in TAM isolated from tumors generated in trabectedin-treated mice, the current is mostly driven by KCa. We conclude that the antitumor capacity of trabectedin is not only due to its effects on tumor cells, but also to the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, due, at least in part, to the modulation of the expression of different macrophage ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Peraza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián Povo-Retana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Mojena
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B García-Redondo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Avilés
- Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología Preclínica, PharmaMar S.A., 28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Angi B, Muccioli S, Szabò I, Leanza L. A Meta-Analysis Study to Infer Voltage-Gated K+ Channels Prognostic Value in Different Cancer Types. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030573. [PMID: 36978819 PMCID: PMC10045123 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels are often highly expressed in cancer cells with respect to healthy ones, as they provide proliferative advantages through modulating membrane potential, calcium homeostasis, and various signaling pathways. Among potassium channels, Shaker type voltage-gated Kv channels are emerging as promising pharmacological targets in oncology. Here, we queried publicly available cancer patient databases to highlight if a correlation exists between Kv channel expression and survival rate in five different cancer types. By multiple gene comparison analysis, we found a predominant expression of KCNA2, KCNA3, and KCNA5 with respect to the other KCNA genes in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). This analysis highlighted a prognostic role of KCNA3 and KCNA5 in SKCM, LUAD, LUSC, and STAD, respectively. Interestingly, KCNA3 was associated with a positive prognosis in SKCM and LUAD but not in LUSC. Results obtained by the analysis of KCNA3-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs); tumor immune cell infiltration highlighted differences that may account for such differential prognosis. A meta-analysis study was conducted to investigate the role of KCNA channels in cancer using cancer patients’ datasets. Our study underlines a promising correlation between Kv channel expression in tumor cells, in infiltrating immune cells, and survival rate.
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Progressive development of melanoma-induced cachexia differentially impacts organ systems in mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111934. [PMID: 36640353 PMCID: PMC9983329 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a systemic wasting syndrome that increases cancer-associated mortality. How cachexia progressively and differentially impacts distinct tissues is largely unknown. Here, we find that the heart and skeletal muscle undergo wasting at early stages and are the tissues transcriptionally most impacted by cachexia. We also identify general and organ-specific transcriptional changes that indicate functional derangement by cachexia even in tissues that do not undergo wasting, such as the brain. Secreted factors constitute a top category of cancer-regulated genes in host tissues, and these changes include upregulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). ACE inhibition with the drug lisinopril improves muscle force and partially impedes cachexia-induced transcriptional changes, although wasting is not prevented, suggesting that cancer-induced host-secreted factors can regulate tissue function during cachexia. Altogether, by defining prevalent and temporal and tissue-specific responses to cachexia, this resource highlights biomarkers and possible targets for general and tissue-tailored anti-cachexia therapies.
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10
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Man Q, Gao Z, Chen K. Functional Potassium Channels in Macrophages. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:175-187. [PMID: 36622407 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are the predominant component of innate immunity, which is an important protective barrier of our body. Macrophages are present in all organs and tissues of the body, their main functions include immune surveillance, bacterial killing, tissue remodeling and repair, and clearance of cell debris. In addition, macrophages can present antigens to T cells and facilitate inflammatory response by releasing cytokines. Macrophages are of high concern due to their crucial roles in multiple physiological processes. In recent years, new advances are emerging after great efforts have been made to explore the mechanisms of macrophage activation. Ion channel is a class of multimeric transmembrane protein that allows specific ions to go through cell membrane. The flow of ions through ion channel between inside and outside of cell membrane is required for maintaining cell morphology and intracellular signal transduction. Expressions of various ion channels in macrophages have been detected. The roles of ion channels in macrophage activation are gradually caught attention. K+ channels are the most studied channels in immune system. However, very few of published papers reviewed the studies of K+ channels on macrophages. Here, we will review the four types of K+ channels that are expressed in macrophages: voltage-gated K+ channel, calcium-activated K+ channel, inwardly rectifying K+ channel and two-pore domain K+ channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Man
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, A506, Wang Changlai Building818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhe Gao
- Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences, 42 Yangshan Rd, Ningbo, China.
| | - Kuihao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, A506, Wang Changlai Building818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China.
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Varanita T, Angi B, Scattolini V, Szabo I. Kv1.3 K + Channel Physiology Assessed by Genetic and Pharmacological Modulation. Physiology (Bethesda) 2023; 38:0. [PMID: 35998249 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00010.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels are widespread over all kingdoms and play an important role in the maintenance of cellular ionic homeostasis. Kv1.3 is a voltage-gated potassium channel of the Shaker family with a wide tissue expression and a well-defined pharmacology. In recent decades, experiments mainly based on pharmacological modulation of Kv1.3 have highlighted its crucial contribution to different fundamental processes such as regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. These findings link channel function to various pathologies ranging from autoimmune diseases to obesity and cancer. In the present review, we briefly summarize studies employing Kv1.3 knockout animal models to confirm such roles and discuss the findings in comparison to the results obtained by pharmacological modulation of Kv1.3 in various pathophysiological settings. We also underline how these studies contributed to our understanding of channel function in vivo and propose possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrice Angi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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12
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Blockade of Kv1.3 Potassium Channel Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314693. [PMID: 36499018 PMCID: PMC9740890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder whose pathophysiology relates to inflammation. The potassium channel Kv1.3 in microglia has been reported as a promising therapeutic target in neurological diseases in which neuroinflammation is involved, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Currently, little is known about the relationship between Kv1.3 and epilepsy. In this study, we found that Kv1.3 was upregulated in microglia in the KA-induced mouse epilepsy model. Importantly, blocking Kv1.3 with its specific small-molecule blocker 5-(4-phenoxybutoxy)psoralen (PAP-1) reduced seizure severity, prolonged seizure latency, and decreased neuronal loss. Mechanistically, we further confirmed that blockade of Kv1.3 suppressed proinflammatory microglial activation and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production by inhibiting the Ca2+/NF-κB signaling pathway. These results shed light on the critical function of microglial Kv1.3 in epilepsy and provided a potential therapeutic target.
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13
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Wai DCC, Naseem MU, Mocsár G, Babu Reddiar S, Pan Y, Csoti A, Hajdu P, Nowell C, Nicolazzo JA, Panyi G, Norton RS. Fluorescent Peptide Toxin for Selective Visualization of the Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel K V1.3. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2197-2212. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy C. C. Wai
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria3052, Australia
| | - Muhammad Umair Naseem
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen4032, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mocsár
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen4032, Hungary
- Damjanovich Cell Analysis Core Facility, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen4032, Hungary
| | - Sanjeevini Babu Reddiar
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria3052, Australia
| | - Yijun Pan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria3052, Australia
| | - Agota Csoti
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen4032, Hungary
| | - Peter Hajdu
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen4032, Hungary
- Department of Dental Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen4032, Hungary
| | - Cameron Nowell
- Imaging, FACS and Analysis Core, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria3052, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria3052, Australia
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen4032, Hungary
| | - Raymond S. Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria3052, Australia
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14
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Zhang Q, Liu L, Hu Y, Shen L, Li L, Wang Y. Kv1.3 Channel Is Involved In Ox-LDL-induced Macrophage Inflammation Via ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109394. [PMID: 36100082 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage inflammatory response is crucial for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 plays an important role in the modulation of macrophage function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of Kv1.3 on inflammation in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Treatment with Kv1.3-siRNA attenuated the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α and reduced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and NF-κB in ox-LDL-induced macrophages. In contrast, overexpression of Kv1.3 with Lv-Kv1.3 promoted the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, and increased ERK1/2 and NF-κB phosphorylation in macrophages. PD-98059, a specific inhibitor of ERK, reversed the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in ox-LDL-treated macrophages. Kv1.3-siRNA did not inhibit inflammation any further when cells were treated with PD-98059. This suggests that ERK acts as a downstream regulator of the Kv1.3 channel. In conclusion, Kv1.3 may be an indispensable membrane protein in ox-LDL-induced RAW264.7 macrophage inflammation in atherosclerosis through the ERK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujie Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China.
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15
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Selezneva A, Gibb AJ, Willis D. The contribution of ion channels to shaping macrophage behaviour. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970234. [PMID: 36160429 PMCID: PMC9490177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanding roles of macrophages in physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms now include normal tissue homeostasis, tissue repair and regeneration, including neuronal tissue; initiation, progression, and resolution of the inflammatory response and a diverse array of anti-microbial activities. Two hallmarks of macrophage activity which appear to be fundamental to their diverse cellular functionalities are cellular plasticity and phenotypic heterogeneity. Macrophage plasticity allows these cells to take on a broad spectrum of differing cellular phenotypes in response to local and possibly previous encountered environmental signals. Cellular plasticity also contributes to tissue- and stimulus-dependent macrophage heterogeneity, which manifests itself as different macrophage phenotypes being found at different tissue locations and/or after different cell stimuli. Together, plasticity and heterogeneity align macrophage phenotypes to their required local cellular functions and prevent inappropriate activation of the cell, which could lead to pathology. To execute the appropriate function, which must be regulated at the qualitative, quantitative, spatial and temporal levels, macrophages constantly monitor intracellular and extracellular parameters to initiate and control the appropriate cell signaling cascades. The sensors and signaling mechanisms which control macrophages are the focus of a considerable amount of research. Ion channels regulate the flow of ions between cellular membranes and are critical to cell signaling mechanisms in a variety of cellular functions. It is therefore surprising that the role of ion channels in the macrophage biology has been relatively overlooked. In this review we provide a summary of ion channel research in macrophages. We begin by giving a narrative-based explanation of the membrane potential and its importance in cell biology. We then report on research implicating different ion channel families in macrophage functions. Finally, we highlight some areas of ion channel research in macrophages which need to be addressed, future possible developments in this field and therapeutic potential.
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16
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Chen K, Man Q, Miao J, Xu W, Zheng Y, Zhou X, Gao Z. Kir2.1 channel regulates macrophage polarization via Ca2+/CaMK II/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275689. [PMID: 35694964 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization plays a key role in inflammatory response. Various ion channels expressed in macrophages has been documented, but very little is known about their roles in macrophage polarization. We find that knockdown or blockade of Kir2.1 channel significantly inhibits M1 polarization, but promotes M2 polarization. LPS induced M1 polarization is also remarkably suppressed in high extracellular K+ solutions (70 mM K+), and this inhibition is partially abolished by adding Ca2+ in the culture medium. Calcium imaging shows that Ca2+ influx is dependent on the hyperpolarized membrane potential generated by Kir2.1 channel. The upregulation of p-CaMK II, p-ERK1/2, and p-NF-κB proteins in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with LPS are significantly reversed by blocking Kir2.1 channel or culturing the cells with 70 mM K+ medium. Furthermore, in vivo study shows that mice treated with Kir2.1 channel blocker are protected from LPS-induced peritonitis. In summary, our data reveal the essential role of Kir2.1 channel in regulating macrophage polarization via Ca2+ / CaMK II / ERK1/2 / NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuihao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Rd, Ningbo, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiaoyan Man
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaen Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China
| | - Yangchen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiuli Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhe Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Rd, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences, 42 Yangshan Rd, Ningbo, China
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17
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Scorpion venom exhibits adjuvant effect by eliciting HBsAg-specific Th1 immunity through neuro-endocrine interactions. Mol Immunol 2022; 147:136-146. [PMID: 35567818 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Hottentotta rugiscutis scorpion venom (Hrv) contains neurotoxins, which elicit a strong innate immune response through the activation of the Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, which could improve the quality of adaptive immunity. Hence, the Hrv was used as an adjuvant for the Hepatitis-B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and assessed its ability in the activation of innate (NGF, CORT, cellularity, NO) and adaptive (IgM, IgG, IgG1/IgG2a/IgG2b/IgG3, Th1/Th2 cytokines, avidity) immunity. Here, the Hrv and HBsAg were given in the mixed form (HBsAg-Hrv) as well as in a separate form (HBsAg+Hrv). The NGF levels in plasma/spleen and CORT in plasma were found to be elevated optimally at 5 h and 6 h post-Hrv injection, respectively. Further studies showed that CORT and NGF levels were also highly upregulated in the HBsAg-Hrv group. The HBsAg-specific IgM titer was found to be increased in the HBsAg+Hrv group and total IgG was relatively similar among alum and Hrv-test groups, but IgG2a/IgG2b/IgG3 levels were higher along with IL-1β in HBsAg-Hrv groups. The study showed that the venom from H. rugiscutis acts as a vaccine adjuvant for HBsAg to develop strong antigen-specific Th1 immunity. The Hrv also enhances the antibody-avidity which may improve the neutralizing ability of antibodies with systemic infectious agents. The study also elucidated that the venom acts by neuroendocrine-immune mechanism and majorly impacts splenocytes through NGF and corticosterone.
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18
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Fan L, Huang X, Xue W, Xie W, Tong R, Chen J, Wu T. Effects of Ruanmailing in Blocking Early Stages of Atherosclerosis by TNF- α Regulation via Kir2.1. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:2836880. [PMID: 35432558 PMCID: PMC9010176 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2836880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Ruanmailing oral solution consists of 16 herbs, has anti-lipid peroxidation activity, protects vascular endothelial cells, and improves vascular elasticity. It is an effective drug for the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS). The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying the antiatherosclerotic effects of Ruanmailing oral solution. Methods Macrophages were isolated, cultured, and divided into the macrophage control; macrophage foam cell; and low-, medium-, and high-concentration Ruanmailing groups. Cell proliferation was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and the expression levels of inward-rectifier potassium ion channel 2.1 (Kir2.1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analyses. Results CCK-8 assay results showed that the tested concentrations of Ruanmailing solution did not affect macrophage proliferation. RT-PCR and Western blot assays indicated that TNF-α expression increased significantly with the formation of macrophage foam cells (P < 0.05). In addition, significant decreases in Kir2.1 and TNF-α expression were observed following treatment with various concentrations of Ruanmailing (P < 0.05). Conclusion Based on the results, Ruanmailing affects macrophage foam cell formation by regulating Kir2.1 expression, which in turn reduces TNF-α expression and exerts antiatherosclerotic effects. These findings provide a scientific basis for the use of traditional Chinese medicine for AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liufang Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Xuanbin Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Wenjuan Xue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Weyan Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Ruxi Tong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Jinshui Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Tianmin Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
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19
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Hwang S, Kim JH, Jo SH. Inhibitory effect of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine on human Kv1.3 channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174567. [PMID: 34662565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Paroxetine is one of the most effective selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat depressive and panic disorders that reduce the viability of human T lymphocytes, in which Kv1.3 channels are highly expressed. We examined whether paroxetine could modulate human Kv1.3 channels acutely and directly with the aim of understanding the biophysical effects and the underlying mechanisms of the drug. Kv1.3 channel proteins were expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Paroxetine rapidly inhibited the steady-state current and peak current of these channels within 6 min in a concentration-dependent manner; IC50s were 26.3 μM and 53.9 μM, respectively, and these effects were partially reversed by washout, which excluded the possibility of genomic regulation. At the same test voltage, paroxetine blockade of the steady-state currents was higher than that of the peak currents, and the inhibition of the steady-state current increased relative to the degree of depolarization. Paroxetine decreased the inactivation time constant in a concentration-dependent manner, but it did not affect the activation time constant, which resulted in the acceleration of intrinsic inactivation without changing ultrarapid activation. Blockade of Kv1.3 channels by paroxetine exhibited more rapid inhibition at higher activation frequencies showing the use-dependency of the blockade. Overall, these results show that paroxetine directly suppresses human Kv1.3 channels in an open state and accelerates the process of steady-state inactivation; thus, we have revealed a biophysical mechanism for possible acute immunosuppressive effects of paroxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soobeen Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in BIT Medical Convergence, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hui Kim
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in BIT Medical Convergence, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Jo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in BIT Medical Convergence, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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20
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Povo-Retana A, Mojena M, Boscá A, Pedrós J, Peraza DA, Valenzuela C, Laparra JM, Calle F, Boscá L. Graphene Particles Interfere with Pro-Inflammatory Polarization of Human Macrophages: Functional and Electrophysiological Evidence. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100882. [PMID: 34590442 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of two types of fragmented graphene particles (30-160 nm) with human macrophages is studied. Since macrophages have significant phagocytic activity, the incorporation of graphene particles into cells has an effect on the response to functional polarization stimuli, favoring an anti-inflammatory profile. Incubation of macrophages with graphene foam particles, prepared by chemical vapor deposition, and commercially available graphene nanoplatelet particles does not affect cell viability when added at concentrations up to 100 µg mL-1 ; macrophages exhibit differential quantitative responses to each type of graphene particles. Although both materials elicit similar increases in the release of reactive oxygen species, the impact on the transcriptional regulation associated with the polarization profile is different; graphene nanoplatelets significantly modify this transcriptomic profile. Moreover, these graphene particles differentially affect the motility and phagocytosis of macrophages. After the incorporation of both graphene types into the macrophages, they exhibit specific responses in terms of the mitochondrial oxygen consumption and electrophysiological potassium currents at the cell plasma membrane. These data support the view that the physical structure of the graphene particles has an impact on human macrophage responses, paving the way for the development of new mechanisms to modulate the activity of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Povo-Retana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Marina Mojena
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Alberto Boscá
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología (ISOM) and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Jorge Pedrós
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología (ISOM) and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Diego Alberto Peraza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Carmen Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - José Moisés Laparra
- J. M. Laparra, Madrid Institute for Advanced studies in Food (IMDEA Food), Ctra. Cantoblanco 8, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Fernando Calle
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología (ISOM) and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, 28029, Spain
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21
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Wright JR, Mahaut-Smith MP. Why do platelets express K + channels? Platelets 2021; 32:872-879. [PMID: 33872124 PMCID: PMC8437091 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1904135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Potassium ions have widespread roles in cellular homeostasis and activation as a consequence of their large outward concentration gradient across the surface membrane and ability to rapidly move through K+-selective ion channels. In platelets, the predominant K+ channels include the voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1.3, and the intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1, also known as the Gardos channel. Inwardly rectifying potassium GIRK channels and KCa1.1 large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels have also been reported in the platelet, although they remain to be demonstrated using electrophysiological techniques. Whole-cell patch clamp and fluorescent indicator measurements in the platelet or their precursor cell reveal that Kv1.3 sets the resting membrane potential and KCa3.1 can further hyperpolarize the cell during activation, thereby controlling Ca2+ influx. Kv1.3-/- mice exhibit an increased platelet count, which may result from an increased splenic megakaryocyte development and longer platelet lifespan. This review discusses the evidence in the literature that Kv1.3, KCa3.1. GIRK and KCa1.1 channels contribute to a number of platelet functional responses, particularly collagen-evoked adhesion, procoagulant activity and GPCR function. Putative roles for other K+ channels and known accessory proteins which to date have only been detected in transcriptomic or proteomic studies, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy R Wright
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester, UK
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22
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Capera J, Pérez-Verdaguer M, Navarro-Pérez M, Felipe A. Kv1.3 Controls Mitochondrial Dynamics during Cell Cycle Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174457. [PMID: 34503267 PMCID: PMC8431373 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Voltage-dependent potassium channels control the proliferation of mammalian cells. In addition, mitochondria physiology is highly dynamic during the cell cycle. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the Kv1.3 channel participates in the mitochondrial control of cell cycle progression. Our data confirmed that Kv1.3 facilitates the proliferation of preadipocytes through the control of mitochondrial dynamics. In addition, adipogenesis was also dependent on Kv1.3 expression. We shed light on the role of Kv1.3 in mitochondria and adipose tissue metabolism, contributing further to the control of cell proliferation by Kv1.3. Abstract The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 is a potential therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes. The genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of Kv1.3 lead to a lean phenotype in rodents. The mechanism of regulation of body weight and energy homeostasis involves Kv1.3 expression in different organs, including white and brown adipose tissues. Here, we show that Kv1.3 promotes the proliferation of preadipocytes through the control of mitochondrial dynamics. Kv1.3 is expressed in mitochondria exhibiting high affinity for the perinuclear population. The mitochondrial network is highly dynamic during the cell cycle, showing continuous fusion-fission events. The formation of a hyperfused mitochondrial network at the G1/S phase of the cell cycle is dependent on Kv1.3 expression. Our results demonstrate that Kv1.3 promotes preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation by controlling mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial dynamics at the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesusa Capera
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.P.-V.); (M.N.-P.)
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Mireia Pérez-Verdaguer
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.P.-V.); (M.N.-P.)
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - María Navarro-Pérez
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.P.-V.); (M.N.-P.)
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.P.-V.); (M.N.-P.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Vallejo-Gracia A, Sastre D, Colomer-Molera M, Solé L, Navarro-Pérez M, Capera J, Roig SR, Pedrós-Gámez O, Estadella I, Szilágyi O, Panyi G, Hajdú P, Felipe A. KCNE4-dependent functional consequences of Kv1.3-related leukocyte physiology. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14632. [PMID: 34272451 PMCID: PMC8285421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-dependent potassium channel Kv1.3 plays essential roles in the immune system, participating in leukocyte activation, proliferation and apoptosis. The regulatory subunit KCNE4 acts as an ancillary peptide of Kv1.3, modulates K+ currents and controls channel abundance at the cell surface. KCNE4-dependent regulation of the oligomeric complex fine-tunes the physiological role of Kv1.3. Thus, KCNE4 is crucial for Ca2+-dependent Kv1.3-related leukocyte functions. To better understand the role of KCNE4 in the regulation of the immune system, we manipulated its expression in various leukocyte cell lines. Jurkat T lymphocytes exhibit low KCNE4 levels, whereas CY15 dendritic cells, a model of professional antigen-presenting cells, robustly express KCNE4. When the cellular KCNE4 abundance was increased in T cells, the interaction between KCNE4 and Kv1.3 affected important T cell physiological features, such as channel rearrangement in the immunological synapse, cell growth, apoptosis and activation, as indicated by decreased IL-2 production. Conversely, ablation of KCNE4 in dendritic cells augmented proliferation. Furthermore, the LPS-dependent activation of CY15 cells, which induced Kv1.3 but not KCNE4, increased the Kv1.3-KCNE4 ratio and increased the expression of free Kv1.3 without KCNE4 interaction. Our results demonstrate that KCNE4 is a pivotal regulator of the Kv1.3 channelosome, which fine-tunes immune system physiology by modulating Kv1.3-associated leukocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Vallejo-Gracia
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Daniel Sastre
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magalí Colomer-Molera
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Solé
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - María Navarro-Pérez
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesusa Capera
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara R Roig
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Pedrós-Gámez
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Estadella
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Orsolya Szilágyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 400, 1 Egyetem Sq., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 400, 1 Egyetem Sq., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Péter Hajdú
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 400, 1 Egyetem Sq., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Kim H, Momen-Heravi F, Chen S, Hoffmann P, Kebschull M, Papapanou PN. Differential DNA methylation and mRNA transcription in gingival tissues in periodontal health and disease. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1152-1164. [PMID: 34101221 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated differential DNA methylation in gingival tissues in periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis, and its association with differential mRNA expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gingival tissues were harvested from individuals and sites with clinically healthy and intact periodontium, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Samples were processed for differential DNA methylation and mRNA expression using the IlluminaEPIC (850 K) and the IlluminaHiSeq2000 platforms, respectively. Across the three phenotypes, we identified differentially methylated CpG sites and regions, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and genes with concomitant differential methylation at their promoters and expression were identified. The findings were validated using our earlier databases using HG-U133Plus2.0Affymetrix microarrays and Illumina (450 K) methylation arrays. RESULTS We observed 43,631 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) between periodontitis and health, and 536 DMPs between gingivitis and health (FDR < 0.05). On the mRNA level, statistically significant DEGs were observed only between periodontitis and health (n = 126). Twelve DEGs between periodontitis and health (DCC, KCNA3, KCNA2, RIMS2, HOXB7, PNOC, IRX1, JSRP1, TBX1, OPCML, CECR1, SCN4B) were also differentially methylated between the two phenotypes. Spearman correlations between methylation and expression in the EPIC/mRNAseq dataset were largely replicated in the 450 K/Affymetrix datasets. CONCLUSIONS Concomitant study of DNA methylation and gene expression patterns may identify genes whose expression is epigenetically regulated in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Kim
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven Chen
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Moritz Kebschull
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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25
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Abstract
Potassium is an essential mineral nutrient required by all living cells for normal physiological function. Therefore, maintaining intracellular potassium homeostasis during bacterial infection is a requirement for the survival of both host and pathogen. However, pathogenic bacteria require potassium transport to fulfill nutritional and chemiosmotic requirements, and potassium has been shown to directly modulate virulence gene expression, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation. Host cells also require potassium to maintain fundamental biological processes, such as renal function, muscle contraction, and neuronal transmission; however, potassium flux also contributes to critical immunological and antimicrobial processes, such as cytokine production and inflammasome activation. Here, we review the role and regulation of potassium transport and signaling during infection in both mammalian and bacterial cells and highlight the importance of potassium to the success and survival of each organism.
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26
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Checchetto V, Leanza L, De Stefani D, Rizzuto R, Gulbins E, Szabo I. Mitochondrial K + channels and their implications for disease mechanisms. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 227:107874. [PMID: 33930454 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of mitochondrial ion channels underwent a rapid development during the last decade, thanks to the molecular identification of some of the nuclear-encoded organelle channels and to advances in strategies allowing specific pharmacological targeting of these proteins. Thereby, genetic tools and specific drugs aided definition of the relevance of several mitochondrial channels both in physiological as well as pathological conditions. Unfortunately, in the case of mitochondrial K+ channels, efforts of genetic manipulation provided only limited results, due to their dual localization to mitochondria and to plasma membrane in most cases. Although the impact of mitochondrial K+ channels on human diseases is still far from being genuinely understood, pre-clinical data strongly argue for their substantial role in the context of several pathologies, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer. Importantly, these channels are druggable targets, and their in-depth investigation could thus pave the way to the development of innovative small molecules with huge therapeutic potential. In the present review we summarize the available experimental evidence that mechanistically link mitochondrial potassium channels to the above pathologies and underline the possibility of exploiting them for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Italy.
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27
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Deng Z, Zeng Q, Tang J, Zhang B, Chai J, Andersen JF, Chen X, Xu X. Anti-inflammatory effects of FS48, the first potassium channel inhibitor from the salivary glands of the flea Xenopsylla cheopis. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100670. [PMID: 33864815 PMCID: PMC8131326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium (Kv) 1.3 channel plays a crucial role in the immune responsiveness of T-lymphocytes and macrophages, presenting a potential target for treatment of immune- and inflammation related-diseases. FS48, a protein from the rodent flea Xenopsylla cheopis, shares the three disulfide bond feature of scorpion toxins. However, its three-dimensional structure and biological function are still unclear. In the present study, the structure of FS48 was evaluated by circular dichroism and homology modeling. We also described its in vitro ion channel activity using patch clamp recording and investigated its anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 macrophage cells and carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. FS48 was found to adopt a common αββ structure and contain an atypical dyad motif. It dose-dependently exhibited the Kv1.3 channel in Raw 264.7 and HEK 293T cells, and its ability to block the channel pore was demonstrated by the kinetics of activation and competition binding with tetraethylammonium. FS48 also downregulated the secretion of proinflammatory molecules NO, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 by Raw 264.7 cells in a manner dependent on Kv1.3 channel blockage and the subsequent inactivation of the MAPK/NF-κB pathways. Finally, we observed that FS48 inhibited the paw edema formation, tissue myeloperoxidase activity, and inflammatory cell infiltrations in carrageenan-treated mice. We therefore conclude that FS48 identified from the flea saliva is a novel potassium channel inhibitor displaying anti-inflammatory activity. This discovery will promote understanding of the bloodsucking mechanism of the flea and provide a new template molecule for the design of Kv1.3 channel blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingye Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - John F Andersen
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, National Intitutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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28
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Olivencia MA, Martínez-Casales M, Peraza DA, García-Redondo AB, Mondéjar-Parreño G, Hernanz R, Salaices M, Cogolludo A, Pennington MW, Valenzuela C, Briones AM. K V 1.3 channels are novel determinants of macrophage-dependent endothelial dysfunction in angiotensin II-induced hypertension in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1836-1854. [PMID: 33556997 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE KV 1.3 channels are expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), where they contribute to proliferation rather than contraction and participate in vascular remodelling. KV 1.3 channels are also expressed in macrophages, where they assemble with KV 1.5 channels (KV 1.3/KV 1.5), whose activation generates a KV current. In macrophages, the KV 1.3/KV 1.5 ratio is increased by classical activation (M1). Whether these channels are involved in angiotensin II (AngII)-induced vascular remodelling, and whether they can modulate the macrophage phenotype in hypertension, remains unknown. We characterized the role of KV 1.3 channels in vascular damage in hypertension. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used AngII-infused mice treated with two selective KV 1.3 channel inhibitors (HsTX[R14A] and [EWSS]ShK). Vascular function and structure were measured using wire and pressure myography, respectively. VSMC and macrophage electrophysiology were studied using the patch-clamp technique; gene expression was analysed using RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS AngII increased KV 1.3 channel expression in mice aorta and peritoneal macrophages which was abolished by HsTX[R14A] treatment. KV 1.3 inhibition did not prevent hypertension, vascular remodelling, or stiffness but corrected AngII-induced macrophage infiltration and endothelial dysfunction in the small mesenteric arteries and/or aorta, via a mechanism independent of electrophysiological changes in VSMCs. AngII modified the electrophysiological properties of peritoneal macrophages, indicating an M1-like activated state, with enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines that induced endothelial dysfunction. These effects were prevented by KV 1.3 blockade. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We unravelled a new role for KV 1.3 channels in the macrophage-dependent endothelial dysfunction induced by AngII in mice which might be due to modulation of macrophage phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Olivencia
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Casales
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Diego A Peraza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B García-Redondo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Gema Mondéjar-Parreño
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Raquel Hernanz
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
| | | | - Carmen Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Ana M Briones
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
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29
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Inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production and proliferation in macrophages by Kunitz-type inhibitors from Echinococcus granulosus. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2021; 242:111351. [PMID: 33428949 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The genus Echinococcus of cestode parasites includes important pathogens of humans and livestock animals. Transcriptomic and genomic studies on E. granulosus and E. multilocularis uncovered striking expansion of monodomain Kunitz proteins. This expansion is accompanied by the specialization of some family members away from the ancestral protease inhibition function to fulfill cation channel blockade functions. Since cation channels are involved in immune processes, we tested the effects on macrophage physiology of two E. granulosus Kunitz-type inhibitors of voltage-activated cation channels (Kv) that are close paralogs. Both inhibitors, EgKU-1 and EgKU-4, inhibited production of the Th1/Th17 cytokine subunit IL-12/23p40 by macrophages stimulated with the TLR4 agonist LPS. In addition, EgKU-4 but not EgKU-1 inhibited production of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6. These activities were not displayed by EgKU-3, a family member that is a protease inhibitor without known activity on cation channels. EgKU-4 potently inhibited macrophage proliferation in response to M-CSF, whereas EgKU-1 displayed similar activity but with much lower potency, similar to EgKU-3. We discuss structural differences, including a heavily cationic C-terminal extension present in EgKU-4 but not in EgKU-1, that may explain the differential activities of the two close paralogs.
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30
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Moreno-Estar S, Serrano S, Arévalo-Martínez M, Cidad P, López-López JR, Santos M, Pérez-Garcia MT, Arias FJ. Elastin-like recombinamer-based devices releasing Kv1.3 blockers for the prevention of intimal hyperplasia: An in vitro and in vivo study. Acta Biomater 2020; 115:264-274. [PMID: 32771595 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cardiovascular disorder. Vascular surgery strategies for coronary revascularization (either percutaneous or open) show a high rate of failure because of restenosis of the vessel, due to phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) leading to proliferation and migration. We have previously reported that the inhibition of Kv1.3 channel function with selective blockers represents an effective strategy for the prevention of restenosis in human vessels used for coronary angioplasty procedures. However, delivery systems for controlled release of these drugs have not been investigated. Here we tested the efficacy of several formulations of elastin like recombinamers (ELRs) hydrogels to deliver the Kv1.3 blocker PAP-1 in various restenosis models. The dose and time course of PAP-1 release from ELRs click hydrogels was able to inhibit human VSMC proliferation in vitro as well as remodeling of human vessels in organ culture and restenosis in in vivo models. We conclude that this combination of active compound and advanced delivery method could improve the outcomes of vascular surgery in patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Vascular surgery strategies for coronary revascularization show a high rate of failure, because of occlusion (restenosis) of the vessel, due to vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration. We have previously reported that blockers of Kv1.3 channels represent an effective anti-restenosis therapy, but delivery systems for their controlled release have not being explored. Here we tested the efficacy of several formulations of elastin like recombinamers (ELRs) hydrogels to deliver the Kv1.3 blocker PAP-1 in various restenosis models, both in vivo and in vitro, and also in human vessels. We demonstrated that combination of active compound and advanced delivery method could improve the outcomes of vascular surgery in patients.
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31
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Tajti G, Wai DCC, Panyi G, Norton RS. The voltage-gated potassium channel K V1.3 as a therapeutic target for venom-derived peptides. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:114146. [PMID: 32653588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 is a well-established therapeutic target for a range of autoimmune diseases, in addition to being the site of action of many venom-derived peptides. Numerous studies have documented the efficacy of venom peptides that target KV1.3, in particular from sea anemones and scorpions, in animal models of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Moreover, an analogue of the sea anemone peptide ShK (known as dalazatide) has successfully completed Phase 1 clinical trials in mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis. In this article we consider other potential therapeutic applications of inhibitors of KV1.3, including in inflammatory bowel disease and neuroinflammatory conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, as well as fibrotic diseases. We also summarise strategies for facilitating the entry of peptides to the central nervous system, given that this will be a pre-requisite for the treatment of most neuroinflammatory diseases. Venom-derived peptides that have been reported recently to target KV1.3 are also described. The increasing number of autoimmune and other conditions in which KV1.3 is upregulated and is therefore a potential therapeutic target, combined with the fact that many venom-derived peptides are potent inhibitors of KV1.3, suggests that venoms are likely to continue to serve as a rich source of new pharmacological tools and therapeutic leads targeting this channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Tajti
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dorothy C C Wai
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Raymond S Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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32
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Arévalo-Martínez M, Cidad P, García-Mateo N, Moreno-Estar S, Serna J, Fernández M, Swärd K, Simarro M, de la Fuente MA, López-López JR, Pérez-García MT. Myocardin-Dependent Kv1.5 Channel Expression Prevents Phenotypic Modulation of Human Vessels in Organ Culture. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:e273-e286. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
We have previously described that changes in the expression of Kv channels associate to phenotypic modulation (PM), so that Kv1.3/Kv1.5 ratio is a landmark of vascular smooth muscle cells phenotype. Moreover, we demonstrated that the Kv1.3 functional expression is relevant for PM in several types of vascular lesions. Here, we explore the efficacy of Kv1.3 inhibition for the prevention of remodeling in human vessels, and the mechanisms linking the switch in Kv1.3 /Kv1.5 ratio to PM.
Approach and Results:
Vascular remodeling was explored using organ culture and primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells obtained from human vessels. We studied the effects of Kv1.3 inhibition on serum-induced remodeling, as well as the impact of viral vector-mediated overexpression of Kv channels or myocardin knock-down. Kv1.3 blockade prevented remodeling by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix secretion. PM activated Kv1.3 via downregulation of Kv1.5. Hence, both Kv1.3 blockers and Kv1.5 overexpression inhibited remodeling in a nonadditive fashion. Finally, myocardin knock-down induced vessel remodeling and Kv1.5 downregulation and myocardin overexpression increased Kv1.5, while Kv1.5 overexpression inhibited PM without changing myocardin expression.
Conclusions:
We demonstrate that Kv1.5 channel gene is a myocardin-regulated, vascular smooth muscle cells contractile marker. Kv1.5 downregulation upon PM leaves Kv1.3 as the dominant Kv1 channel expressed in dedifferentiated cells. We demonstrated that the inhibition of Kv1.3 channel function with selective blockers or by preventing Kv1.5 downregulation can represent an effective, novel strategy for the prevention of intimal hyperplasia and restenosis of the human vessels used for coronary angioplasty procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marycarmen Arévalo-Martínez
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., J.R.L.-L., M.T.P.-G.)
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., M.S., M.A.d.l.F.)
| | - Pilar Cidad
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., J.R.L.-L., M.T.P.-G.)
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., M.S., M.A.d.l.F.)
| | - Nadia García-Mateo
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., J.R.L.-L., M.T.P.-G.)
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., M.S., M.A.d.l.F.)
| | - Sara Moreno-Estar
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., J.R.L.-L., M.T.P.-G.)
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., M.S., M.A.d.l.F.)
| | - Julia Serna
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., J.R.L.-L., M.T.P.-G.)
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., M.S., M.A.d.l.F.)
| | - Mirella Fernández
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (M.F.)
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, University of Lund, Sweden (K.S.)
| | - María Simarro
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., M.S., M.A.d.l.F.)
- Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.S.)
| | - Miguel A. de la Fuente
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., M.S., M.A.d.l.F.)
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.d.l.F.)
| | - José R. López-López
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., J.R.L.-L., M.T.P.-G.)
| | - M. Teresa Pérez-García
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., J.R.L.-L., M.T.P.-G.)
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Neubert P, Weichselbaum A, Reitinger C, Schatz V, Schröder A, Ferdinand JR, Simon M, Bär AL, Brochhausen C, Gerlach RG, Tomiuk S, Hammer K, Wagner S, van Zandbergen G, Binger KJ, Müller DN, Kitada K, Clatworthy MR, Kurts C, Titze J, Abdullah Z, Jantsch J. HIF1A and NFAT5 coordinate Na +-boosted antibacterial defense via enhanced autophagy and autolysosomal targeting. Autophagy 2019; 15:1899-1916. [PMID: 30982460 PMCID: PMC6844503 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1596483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection and inflammation are able to induce diet-independent Na+-accumulation without commensurate water retention in afflicted tissues, which favors the pro-inflammatory activation of mouse macrophages and augments their antibacterial and antiparasitic activity. While Na+-boosted host defense against the protozoan parasite Leishmania major is mediated by increased expression of the leishmanicidal NOS2 (nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible), the molecular mechanisms underpinning this enhanced antibacterial defense of mouse macrophages with high Na+ (HS) exposure are unknown. Here, we provide evidence that HS-increased antibacterial activity against E. coli was neither dependent on NOS2 nor on the phagocyte oxidase. In contrast, HS-augmented antibacterial defense hinged on HIF1A (hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit)-dependent increased autophagy, and NFAT5 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 5)-dependent targeting of intracellular E. coli to acidic autolysosomal compartments. Overall, these findings suggest that the autolysosomal compartment is a novel target of Na+-modulated cell autonomous innate immunity. Abbreviations: ACT: actins; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; ATG2A: autophagy related 2A; ATG4C: autophagy related 4C, cysteine peptidase; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG12: autophagy related 12; BECN1: beclin 1; BMDM: bone marrow-derived macrophages; BNIP3: BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3; CFU: colony forming units; CM-H2DCFDA: 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester; CTSB: cathepsin B; CYBB: cytochrome b-245 beta chain; DAPI: 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DMOG: dimethyloxallyl glycine; DPI: diphenyleneiodonium chloride; E. coli: Escherichia coli; FDR: false discovery rate; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GSEA: gene set enrichment analysis; GO: gene ontology; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit; HUGO: human genome organization; HS: high salt (+ 40 mM of NaCl to standard cell culture conditions); HSP90: heat shock 90 kDa proteins; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; Lyz2/LysM: lysozyme 2; NFAT5/TonEBP: nuclear factor of activated T cells 5; MΦ: macrophages; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MFI: mean fluorescence intensity; MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NaCl: sodium chloride; NES: normalized enrichment score; n.s.: not significant; NO: nitric oxide; NOS2/iNOS: nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible; NS: normal salt; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PGK1: phosphoglycerate kinase 1; PHOX: phagocyte oxidase; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RNA: ribonucleic acid; ROS: reactive oxygen species; sCFP3A: super cyan fluorescent protein 3A; SBFI: sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate; SLC2A1/GLUT1: solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; v-ATPase: vacuolar-type H+-ATPase; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Weichselbaum
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Reitinger
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Institute of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - John R. Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michaela Simon
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lorena Bär
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Karin Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Katrina J. Binger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Dominik N. Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kento Kitada
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Titze
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Zeinab Abdullah
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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34
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Bozic I, Savic D, Milosevic A, Janjic M, Laketa D, Tesovic K, Bjelobaba I, Jakovljevic M, Nedeljkovic N, Pekovic S, Lavrnja I. The Potassium Channel Kv1.5 Expression Alters During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2733-2745. [PMID: 31624998 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, neurodegenerative disease with an autoimmune component. It was suggested that potassium channels, which are involved in crucial biological functions may have a role in different diseases, including MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). It was shown that voltage-gated potassium channels Kv1.5 are responsible for fine-tuning in the immune physiology and influence proliferation and differentiation in microglia and astrocytes. Here, we explored the cellular distribution of the Kv1.5 channel, together with its transcript and protein expression in the male rat spinal cord during different stages of EAE. Our results reveal a decrease of Kv1.5 transcript and protein level at the peak of disease, where massive infiltration of myeloid cells occurs, together with reactive astrogliosis and demyelination. Also, we revealed that the presence of this channel is not found in infiltrating macrophages/microglia during EAE. It is interesting to note that Kv1.5 channel is expressed only in resting microglia in the naïve animals. Predominant expression of Kv1.5 channel was found in the astrocytes in all experimental groups, while some vimentin+ cells, resembling macrophages, are devoid of Kv1.5 expression. Our results point to the possible link between Kv1.5 channel and the pathophysiological processes in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bozic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Savic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Milosevic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Janjic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Laketa
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K Tesovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - I Bjelobaba
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Jakovljevic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N Nedeljkovic
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Pekovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - I Lavrnja
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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35
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Serrano-Albarrás A, Cirera-Rocosa S, Sastre D, Estadella I, Felipe A. Fighting rheumatoid arthritis: Kv1.3 as a therapeutic target. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 165:214-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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36
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Urbina A, Godoy-Silva R, Hoyos M, Camacho M. Morphological and electrical disturbances after split-flow fractionation in murine macrophages. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1590:104-112. [PMID: 30630618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Split-flow fractionation (SPLITT) is a family of techniques that separates in the absence of labeling using very low flow rates and force fields, and is therefore expected to minimize cell damage. Although it has been documented that separation methods cause physiological changes in immune cells that are attributable to mechanical stress and antibody labeling, SPLITT has not yet been examined for possible damaging effects of hydrodynamic stress, partly because it is assumed that the low flow rates and weak forces used in this technique do not generate significant mechanical stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SPLITT on cell function of a murine macrophage cell, and to compare these effects with those induced by centrifugation. Macrophages J774.2 were cultured in RPMI-enriched media, then detached from the culture flask and resuspended for 12 h. Cell suspensions were diluted in a buffered saline solution and exposed to SPLITT (flow rates 1-10 ml/min) or centrifugation (100-1500g) for 10 min. Cell viability, diameter, membrane potential, and nitric oxide production were measured. Under the operating conditions employed, cell viability was above 98% after SPLITT and centrifugation but cells suffered immediate hydrodynamic cell damage, including decreased cell diameter and membrane hyperpolarization which was inhibitable by 4-aminopyridine; nitric oxide production was not affected. Pressure values during SPLITT and centrifugation correlated with diameter and membrane potential. Our data do not support the assumption that SPLITT is innocuous to cell function. Some changes in SPLITT channel design are suggested to minimize cell damage. Membrane potential and cell diameter are sensitive indicators for the evaluation of sublethal damage in different cell models, and allow identification of optimal operating conditions on different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Urbina
- Universidad del Rosario, Biomedical Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bogotá DC, Colombia; Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá DC, Colombia; Centro Internacional de Física (CIF), Laboratorio de Biofísica, Bogotá DC, Colombia.
| | - Ruben Godoy-Silva
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Chemical and Biochemical Processes Research Group, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Hoyos
- École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles, Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH), UMR 7636 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Marcela Camacho
- Centro Internacional de Física (CIF), Laboratorio de Biofísica, Bogotá DC, Colombia; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Department of Biology, Bogotá DC, Colombia
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37
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Feng L, Murugan M, Bosco DB, Liu Y, Peng J, Worrell GA, Wang HL, Ta LE, Richardson JR, Shen Y, Wu LJ. Microglial proliferation and monocyte infiltration contribute to microgliosis following status epilepticus. Glia 2019; 67:1434-1448. [PMID: 31179602 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microglial activation has been recognized as a major contributor to inflammation of the epileptic brain. Seizures are commonly accompanied by remarkable microgliosis and loss of neurons. In this study, we utilize the CX3CR1GFP/+ CCR2RFP/+ genetic mouse model, in which CX3CR1+ resident microglia and CCR2+ monocytes are labeled with GFP and RFP, respectively. Using a combination of time-lapse two-photon imaging and whole-cell patch clamp recording, we determined the distinct morphological, dynamic, and electrophysiological characteristics of infiltrated monocytes and resident microglia, and the evolution of their behavior at different time points following kainic acid-induced seizures. Seizure activated microglia presented enlarged somas with less ramified processes, whereas, infiltrated monocytes were smaller, highly motile cells that lacked processes. Moreover, resident microglia, but not infiltrated monocytes, proliferate locally in the hippocampus after seizure. Microglial proliferation was dependent on the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of CSF-1R reduced seizure-induced microglial proliferation, which correlated with attenuation of neuronal death without altering acute seizure behaviors. Taken together, we demonstrated that proliferation of activated resident microglia contributes to neuronal death in the hippocampus via CSF-1R after status epilepticus, providing potential therapeutic targets for neuroprotection in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Madhuvika Murugan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Dale B Bosco
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jiyun Peng
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Hai-Long Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lauren E Ta
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel School of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Yuxian Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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38
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Raph SM, Bhatnagar A, Nystoriak MA. Biochemical and physiological properties of K + channel-associated AKR6A (Kvβ) proteins. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 305:21-27. [PMID: 30926318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels play an essential role in the regulation of membrane excitability and thereby control physiological processes such as cardiac excitability, neural communication, muscle contraction, and hormone secretion. Members of the Kv1 and Kv4 families are known to associate with auxiliary intracellular Kvβ subunits, which belong to the aldo-keto reductase superfamily. Electrophysiological studies have shown that these proteins regulate the gating properties of Kv channels. Although the three gene products encoding Kvβ proteins are functional enzymes in that they catalyze the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD[P]H)-dependent reduction of a wide range of aldehyde and ketone substrates, the physiological role for these proteins and how each subtype may perform unique roles in coupling membrane excitability with cellular metabolic processes remains unclear. Here, we discuss current knowledge of the enzymatic properties of Kvβ proteins from biochemical studies with their described and purported physiological and pathophysiological influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Raph
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Matthew A Nystoriak
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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39
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Ceramide Imbalance and Impaired TLR4-Mediated Autophagy in BMDM of an ORMDL3-Overexpressing Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061391. [PMID: 30897694 PMCID: PMC6470650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased orosomucoid-like 3 (ORMDL3) expression levels, due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been associated with several inflammatory diseases, including asthma and inflammatory bowel diseases. ORMDL proteins inhibit serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), the first rate-limiting enzyme in de novo sphingolipid synthesis and alter cellular calcium homeostasis. Both processes are essential for immune response. The present study addresses ORMDL3 protein involvement in macrophage physiology using an overexpressing knock-in mouse model. Ceramide content was notably different in the bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from the transgenic mouse model compared with the wild type (WT) macrophages. Our data revealed an alteration of de novo production of sphinganine upon BMDM activation in the transgenic mouse. Gene-expression analysis showed that alteration in ORMDL3 expression levels did not affect activation or macrophage polarization. Nevertheless, we studied phagocytosis and autophagy—crucial processes that are dependent on lipid membrane composition. Phagocytosis in transgenic macrophages was not affected by ORMDL3 overexpression, but we did find a reduction in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)-mediated autophagy. Both genetic and functional studies have pointed to autophagy as an essential pathway involved in inflammation. We believe that our work provides new insights into the functional link between ORMDL3 expression and inflammatory diseases.
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40
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Implication of Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels in Neoplastic Cell Proliferation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030287. [PMID: 30823672 PMCID: PMC6468671 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) are the largest group of ion channels. Kv are involved in controlling the resting potential and action potential duration in the heart and brain. Additionally, these proteins participate in cell cycle progression as well as in several other important features in mammalian cell physiology, such as activation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell volume control. Therefore, Kv remarkably participate in the cell function by balancing responses. The implication of Kv in physiological and pathophysiological cell growth is the subject of study, as Kv are proposed as therapeutic targets for tumor regression. Though it is widely accepted that Kv channels control proliferation by allowing cell cycle progression, their role is controversial. Kv expression is altered in many cancers, and their participation, as well as their use as tumor markers, is worthy of effort. There is an ever-growing list of Kv that remodel during tumorigenesis. This review focuses on the actual knowledge of Kv channel expression and their relationship with neoplastic proliferation. In this work, we provide an update of what is currently known about these proteins, thereby paving the way for a more precise understanding of the participation of Kv during cancer development.
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41
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Alí A, Boutjdir M, Aromolaran AS. Cardiolipotoxicity, Inflammation, and Arrhythmias: Role for Interleukin-6 Molecular Mechanisms. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1866. [PMID: 30666212 PMCID: PMC6330352 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid infiltration of the myocardium, acquired in metabolic disorders (obesity, type-2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia) is critically associated with the development of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. According to a recent Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association published in 2017, the current average dietary intake of saturated free-fatty acid (SFFA) in the US is 11–12%, which is significantly above the recommended <10%. Increased levels of circulating SFFAs (or lipotoxicity) may represent an unappreciated link that underlies increased vulnerability to cardiac dysfunction. Thus, an important objective is to identify novel targets that will inform pharmacological and genetic interventions for cardiomyopathies acquired through excessive consumption of diets rich in SFFAs. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The increasing epidemic of metabolic disorders strongly implies an undeniable and critical need to further investigate SFFA mechanisms. A rapidly emerging and promising target for modulation by lipotoxicity is cytokine secretion and activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. This objective can be advanced through fundamental mechanisms of cardiac electrical remodeling. In this review, we discuss cardiac ion channel modulation by SFFAs. We further highlight the contribution of downstream signaling pathways involving toll-like receptors and pathological increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our expectation is that if we understand pathological remodeling of major cardiac ion channels from a perspective of lipotoxicity and inflammation, we may be able to develop safer and more effective therapies that will be beneficial to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Alí
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ademuyiwa S Aromolaran
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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Nafis A, Elhidar N, Oubaha B, Samri SE, Niedermeyer T, Ouhdouch Y, Hassani L, Barakate M. Screening for Non-polyenic Antifungal Produced by Actinobacteria from Moroccan Habitats: Assessment of Antimycin A19 Production by Streptomyces albidoflavus AS25. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2018; 7:133-145. [PMID: 30276168 PMCID: PMC6148502 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.7.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fungal diseases are currently a serious public health problem, due to the limited number of fact-based effective principles, and the emergence of resistant strains to the polyenic antifungals. The aim of this study was to screen, for non-polyenic antifungals production by Actinobacteria, and to validate the screening program by characterizingthe produced compounds.Actinobacteria isolates were tested against four clinic human-pathogenic fungi isolated from Hospital Mohammed V Rabat, Morocco. The production of non-polyenic antifungal metabolites by active isolates was investigated based on the yeast cell specificity as challenging targets, antibacterial activity, activity against resistant Candida tropicalis R2 and Pythium irregular (resistant to polyenes), inhibition of antifungal activity by the addition of exogenous ergosterol, and the UV-visible light spectrophotometric analysis of the active crude extracts.The antifungal compound produced was purified using various chromatographic techniques and the selected producing strain was identified using the polyphasic approach.Among 480 Actinobacteria isolates, 55 showed antifungal activity against all tested clinically derived fungi. After performing the screening program, 4 Actinobacteria that hadall the desired criteriawere selected. Using the polyphasic approach, the taxonomic position of the selected Streptomyces AS25, isolated from rhizospheric soil of Alyssum spinosum, showed that it belongs to Streptomyces genus with 100% partial 16S similarity with Streptomyces albidoflavus NBRC13010. On the basis of HPLC and mass spectrometry, the purified compound produced by Streptomyces AS25 was identified as a non-polyenic lactone, antimycin A19, which has been found for the first time to be produced by Streptomyces albidoflavus strain. Following the obtained results, it is important to note that our screening criteria for non-polyenic antifungals have been validated and the rhizospheric soil represents an interesting source to isolate Actinobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nafis
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.,Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Najoua Elhidar
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Brahim Oubaha
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Salah Eddine Samri
- Department of Biology, Nador Multidisciplinary Faculty, Mohamed First University, Nador, Morocco
| | - Timo Niedermeyer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yedir Ouhdouch
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Lahcen Hassani
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Barakate
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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Yamamura H, Suzuki Y, Yamamura H, Asai K, Giles W, Imaizumi Y. Hypoxic stress upregulates Kir2.1 expression by a pathway including hypoxic-inducible factor-1α and dynamin2 in brain capillary endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C202-C213. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00154.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) play a central role in maintenance of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and, therefore, are essential for central nervous system homeostasis and integrity. Although brain ischemia damages BCECs and causes disruption of BBB, the related influence of hypoxia on BCECs is not well understood. Hypoxic stress can upregulate functional expression of specific K+ currents in endothelial cells, e.g., Kir2.1 channels without any alterations in the mRNA level, in t-BBEC117, a cell line derived from bovine BCECs. The hyperpolarization of membrane potential due to Kir2.1 channel upregulation significantly facilitates cell proliferation. In the present study, the mechanisms underlying the hypoxia-induced Kir2.1 upregulation was examined. We emphasize the involvement of dynamin2, a protein known to be involved in a number of surface expression pathways. Hypoxic culture upregulated dynamin2 expression in t-BBEC117 cells. The inhibition of dynamin2 by Dynasore canceled hypoxia-induced upregulation of Kir2.1 currents by reducing surface expression. On the contrary, Kir2.1 currents and proteins in t-BBEC117 cultured under normoxia were increased by overexpression of dynamin2, but not by dominant-negative dynamin2. Molecular imaging based on bimolecular fluorescence complementation, double-immunostaining, and coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that dynamin2 can directly bind to the Kir2.1 channel. Moreover, hypoxic culture downregulated hypoxic-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression. Knockdown of HIF-1α increased dynamin2 expression in t-BBEC117 cells, in both normoxic and hypoxic culture conditions. In summary, our results demonstrated that hypoxia downregulates HIF-1α, increases dynamin2 expression, and facilitates Kir2.1 surface expression, resulting in hyperpolarization of membrane potential and subsequent increase in Ca2+ influx in BCECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Yamamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Asai
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wayne Giles
- Faculties of Kinesiology and Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yuji Imaizumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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44
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Khemili D, Valenzuela C, Laraba-Djebari F, Hammoudi-Triki D. Differential effect of Androctonus australis hector venom components on macrophage K V channels: electrophysiological characterization. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2018; 48:1-13. [PMID: 30006779 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-018-1323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxins of scorpion venoms modulate ion channels. Voltage-gated potassium (KV) channels regulate the membrane potential and are involved in the activation and proliferation of immune cells. Macrophages are key components of the inflammatory response induced by scorpion venom. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Androctonus australis hector (Aah) venom on KV channels in murine resident peritoneal macrophages. The cytotoxicity of the venom was assessed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) -based assay and electrophysiological recordings were performed using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. High doses of Aah venom (50, 125, 250 and 500 µg/ml) significantly decreased cell viability, while concentrations of 0.1-25 µg/ml were not cytotoxic towards peritoneal macrophages. Electrophysiological data revealed a differential block of KV current between resting and LPS-activated macrophages. Aah venom significantly reduced KV current amplitude by 62.5 ± 4.78% (n = 8, p < 0.05), reduced the use-dependent decay of the current, decreased the degree of inactivation and decelerated the inactivation process of KV current in LPS-activated macrophages. Unlike cloned KV1.5 channels, Aah venom exerted a similar blocking effect on KV1.3 compared to KV current in LPS-activated macrophages, along with a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of KV1.3 inactivation, indicating a direct mechanism of current inhibition by targeting KV1.3 subunits. The obtained results, demonstrating that Aah venom differentially targets KV channels in macrophages, suggest differential outcomes for their inhibitions, and that further investigations of scorpion venom immunomodulatory potential are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Khemili
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, BP 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Carmen Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, BP 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Djelila Hammoudi-Triki
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, BP 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
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45
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Bozic I, Tesovic K, Laketa D, Adzic M, Jakovljevic M, Bjelobaba I, Savic D, Nedeljkovic N, Pekovic S, Lavrnja I. Voltage Gated Potassium Channel Kv1.3 Is Upregulated on Activated Astrocytes in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1020-1034. [PMID: 29574670 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kv1.3 is a voltage gated potassium channel that has been implicated in pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study we investigated temporal and cellular expression pattern of this channel in the lumbar part of spinal cords of animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), animal model of MS. EAE was actively induced in female Dark Agouti rats. Expression of Kv1.3 was analyzed at different time points of disease progression, at the onset, peak and end of EAE. We here show that Kv1.3 increased by several folds at the peak of EAE at both gene and protein level. Double immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated localization of Kv1.3 on activated microglia, macrophages, and reactive astrocytes around inflammatory lesions. In vitro experiments showed that pharmacological block of Kv1.3 in activated astrocytes suppresses the expression of proinflammatory mediators, suggesting a role of this channel in inflammation. Our results support the hypothesis that Kv1.3 may be a therapeutic target of interest for MS and add astrocytes to the list of cells whose activation would be suppressed by inhibiting Kv1.3 in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Bozic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Tesovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Laketa
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Adzic
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Jakovljevic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Bjelobaba
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Savic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Pekovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
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46
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McLaughlin KA, Levin M. Bioelectric signaling in regeneration: Mechanisms of ionic controls of growth and form. Dev Biol 2018; 433:177-189. [PMID: 29291972 PMCID: PMC5753428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to control pattern formation is critical for the both the embryonic development of complex structures as well as for the regeneration/repair of damaged or missing tissues and organs. In addition to chemical gradients and gene regulatory networks, endogenous ion flows are key regulators of cell behavior. Not only do bioelectric cues provide information needed for the initial development of structures, they also enable the robust restoration of normal pattern after injury. In order to expand our basic understanding of morphogenetic processes responsible for the repair of complex anatomy, we need to identify the roles of endogenous voltage gradients, ion flows, and electric fields. In complement to the current focus on molecular genetics, decoding the information transduced by bioelectric cues enhances our knowledge of the dynamic control of growth and pattern formation. Recent advances in science and technology place us in an exciting time to elucidate the interplay between molecular-genetic inputs and important biophysical cues that direct the creation of tissues and organs. Moving forward, these new insights enable additional approaches to direct cell behavior and may result in profound advances in augmentation of regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A McLaughlin
- Allen Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4700, Medford, MA 02155, United States.
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4700, Medford, MA 02155, United States
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47
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Grössinger EM, Kang M, Bouchareychas L, Sarin R, Haudenschild DR, Borodinsky LN, Adamopoulos IE. Ca 2+-Dependent Regulation of NFATc1 via KCa3.1 in Inflammatory Osteoclastogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:749-757. [PMID: 29246953 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In inflammatory arthritis, the dysregulation of osteoclast activity by proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF, interferes with bone remodeling during inflammation through Ca2+-dependent mechanisms causing pathological bone loss. Ca2+-dependent CREB/c-fos activation via Ca2+-calmodulin kinase IV (CaMKIV) induces transcriptional regulation of osteoclast-specific genes via NFATc1, which facilitate bone resorption. In leukocytes, Ca2+ regulation of NFAT-dependent gene expression oftentimes involves the activity of the Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1. In this study, we evaluate KCa3.1 as a modulator of Ca2+-induced NFAT-dependent osteoclast differentiation in inflammatory bone loss. Microarray analysis of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-activated murine bone marrow macrophage (BMM) cultures revealed unique upregulation of KCa3.1 during osteoclastogenesis. The expression of KCa3.1 in vivo was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining on multinucleated cells at the bone surface of inflamed mouse joints. Experiments on in vitro BMM cultures revealed that KCa3.1-/- and TRAM-34 treatment significantly reduced the expression of osteoclast-specific genes (p < 0.05) alongside decreased osteoclast formation (p < 0.0001) in inflammatory (RANKL+TNF) and noninflammatory (RANKL) conditions. In particular, live cell Ca2+ imaging and Western blot analysis showed that TRAM-34 pretreatment decreased transient RANKL-induced Ca2+ amplitudes in BMMs by ∼50% (p < 0.0001) and prevented phosphorylation of CaMKIV. KCa3.1-/- reduced RANKL+/-TNF-stimulated phosphorylation of CREB and expression of c-fos in BMMs (p < 0.01), culminating in decreased NFATc1 protein expression and transcriptional activity (p < 0.01). These data indicate that KCa3.1 regulates Ca2+-dependent NFATc1 expression via CaMKIV/CREB during inflammatory osteoclastogenesis in the presence of TNF, corroborating its role as a target candidate for the treatment of bone erosion in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Grössinger
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Mincheol Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Laura Bouchareychas
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Ritu Sarin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | | | - Laura N Borodinsky
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children - Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Iannis E Adamopoulos
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616; .,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children - Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817
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48
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Pérez-García MT, Cidad P, López-López JR. The secret life of ion channels: Kv1.3 potassium channels and proliferation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C27-C42. [PMID: 28931540 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00136.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kv1.3 channels are involved in the switch to proliferation of normally quiescent cells, being implicated in the control of cell cycle in many different cell types and in many different ways. They modulate membrane potential controlling K+ fluxes, sense changes in potential, and interact with many signaling molecules through their intracellular domains. From a mechanistic point of view, we can describe the role of Kv1.3 channels in proliferation with at least three different models. In the "membrane potential model," membrane hyperpolarization resulting from Kv1.3 activation provides the driving force for Ca2+ influx required to activate Ca2+-dependent transcription. This model explains most of the data obtained from several cells from the immune system. In the "voltage sensor model," Kv1.3 channels serve mainly as sensors that transduce electrical signals into biochemical cascades, independently of their effect on membrane potential. Kv1.3-dependent proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) could fit this model. Finally, in the "channelosome balance model," the master switch determining proliferation may be related to the control of the Kv1.3 to Kv1.5 ratio, as described in glial cells and also in VSMCs. Since the three mechanisms cannot function independently, these models are obviously not exclusive. Nevertheless, they could be exploited differentially in different cells and tissues. This large functional flexibility of Kv1.3 channels surely gives a new perspective on their functions beyond their elementary role as ion channels, although a conclusive picture of the mechanisms involved in Kv1.3 signaling to proliferation is yet to be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Pérez-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Valladolid , Spain
| | - Pilar Cidad
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Valladolid , Spain
| | - José R López-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Valladolid , Spain
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49
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Venom-derived peptide inhibitors of voltage-gated potassium channels. Neuropharmacology 2017; 127:124-138. [PMID: 28689025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium channels play a key role in human physiology and pathology. Reflecting their importance, numerous channelopathies have been characterised that arise from mutations in these channels or from autoimmune attack on the channels. Voltage-gated potassium channels are also the target of a broad range of peptide toxins from venomous organisms, including sea anemones, scorpions, spiders, snakes and cone snails; many of these peptides bind to the channels with high potency and selectivity. In this review we describe the various classes of peptide toxins that block these channels and illustrate the broad range of three-dimensional structures that support channel blockade. The therapeutic opportunities afforded by these peptides are also highlighted. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Venom-derived Peptides as Pharmacological Tools.'
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50
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de la Cruz A, Vera-Zambrano A, Peraza DA, Valenzuela C, Zapata JM, Perez-Chacon G, Gonzalez T. Fludarabine Inhibits K V1.3 Currents in Human B Lymphocytes. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:177. [PMID: 28408885 PMCID: PMC5374215 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fludarabine (F-ara-A) is a purine analog commonly used in the treatment of indolent B cell malignancies that interferes with different aspects of DNA and RNA synthesis. KV1.3 K+ channels are membrane proteins involved in the maintenance of K+ homeostasis and the resting potential of the cell, thus controlling signaling events, proliferation and apoptosis in lymphocytes. Here we show that F-ara-A inhibits KV currents in human B lymphocytes. Our data indicate that KV1.3 is expressed in both BL2 and Dana B cell lines, although total KV1.3 levels were higher in BL2 than in Dana cells. However, KV currents in the plasma membrane were similar in both cell lines and were abrogated by the specific KV1.3 channel inhibitor PAP-1, indicating that KV1.3 accounts for most of the KV currents in these cell lines. F-ara-A, at a concentration (3.5 μM) similar to that achieved in the plasma of fludarabine phosphate-treated patients (3 μM), inhibited KV1.3 currents by 61 ± 6.3% and 52.3 ± 6.3% in BL2 and Dana B cells, respectively. The inhibitory effect of F-ara-A was concentration-dependent and showed an IC50 value of 0.36 ± 0.04 μM and a nH value of 1.07 ± 0.15 in BL2 cells and 0.34 ± 0.13 μM (IC50 ) and 0.77 ± 0.11 (nH ) in Dana cells. F-ara-A inhibition of plasma membrane KV1.3 was observed irrespective of its cytotoxic effect on the cells, BL2 cells being sensitive and Dana cells resistant to F-ara-A cytotoxicity. Interestingly, PAP-1, at concentrations as high as 10 μM, did not affect the viability of BL2 and Dana cells, indicating that blockage of KV1.3 in these cells is not toxic. Finally, F-ara-A had no effect on ectopically expressed KV1.3 channels, suggesting an indirect mechanism of current inhibition. In summary, our results describe the inhibitory effect of F-ara-A on the activity of KV1.3 channel. Although KV1.3 inhibition is not sufficient to induce cell death, further research is needed to determine whether it might still contribute to F-ara-A cytotoxicity in sensitive cells or be accountable for some of the clinical side effects of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia de la Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Alba Vera-Zambrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Diego A Peraza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Zapata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz)Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Perez-Chacon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz)Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz)Madrid, Spain
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