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Kiefer J, Zeller J, Schneider L, Thomé J, McFadyen JD, Hoerbrand IA, Lang F, Deiss E, Bogner B, Schaefer AL, Chevalier N, Horner VK, Kreuzaler S, Kneser U, Kauke-Navarro M, Braig D, Woollard KJ, Pomahac B, Peter K, Eisenhardt SU. C-reactive protein orchestrates acute allograft rejection in vascularized composite allotransplantation via subset-selective monocyte activation. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00291-1. [PMID: 38992424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite recent substantial progress in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA), such as face transplantations, short- and long-term allograft survival is severely limited by allograft rejection. The acute-phase response, directly after allogeneic transplantation, represents an immune-inflammatory reaction to ischemia/reperfusion and acts as an early initiator of graft rejection. Acute-phase reactants mediate this immune response via crosstalk with the mononuclear phagocyte system. OBJECTIVE C-reactive protein (CRP), a well-known marker of inflammation, has pro-inflammatory properties and aggravates ischemia/reperfusion injury. Thus, we investigated how CRP impacts acute allograft rejection. METHODS Based on clinical observations in facial VCAs, we applied a complex hindlimb transplantation model in rats to investigate whether CRP directly affects transplant rejection. We further analyzed subset-specific infiltration and tissue distribution of recipient-derived monocytes in the early phase of acute rejection and assessed their differential regulation by CRP using intravital imaging. RESULTS We demonstrate that CRP accelerates allograft rejection and reduces allograft survival via selectively activating non-classical monocytes. The therapeutic stabilization of CRP abrogates this activating effect on monocytes, consequently attenuating acute allograft rejection. Intravital imaging of graft-infiltrating, recipient-derived monocytes during the early phase of acute rejection confirmed their differential regulation by CRP and their crucial role in driving the early stage of graft rejection. CONCLUSION Differential activation of recipient-derived monocytes by CRP aggravates innate immune response and accelerates clinical allograft rejection Thus, therapeutic targeting of CRP represents a novel promising strategy for preventing acute allograft rejection and potentially reducing chronic allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurij Kiefer
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Zeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany; Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura Schneider
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Thomé
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - James D McFadyen
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabel A Hoerbrand
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Lang
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emil Deiss
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Balázs Bogner
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Schaefer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - Univer bsity of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Chevalier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - Univer bsity of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Verena K Horner
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sheena Kreuzaler
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Kauke-Navarro
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Braig
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kevin J Woollard
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steffen U Eisenhardt
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.
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John MM, Hunjadi M, Hawlin V, Reiser JB, Kunert R. Interaction Studies of Hexameric and Pentameric IgMs with Serum-Derived C1q and Recombinant C1q Mimetics. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:638. [PMID: 38792658 PMCID: PMC11123335 DOI: 10.3390/life14050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between IgM and C1q represents the first step of the classical pathway of the complement system in higher vertebrates. To identify the significance of particular IgM/C1q interactions, recombinant IgMs were used in both hexameric and pentameric configurations and with two different specificities, along with C1q derived from human serum (sC1q) and two recombinant single-chain variants of the trimeric globular region of C1q. Interaction and complement activation assays were performed using the ELISA format, and bio-layer interferometry measurements to study kinetic behavior. The differences between hexameric and pentameric IgM conformations were only slightly visible in the interaction assay, but significant in the complement activation assay. Hexameric IgM requires a lower concentration of sC1q to activate the complement compared to pentameric IgM, leading to an increased release of C4 compared to pentameric IgM. The recombinant C1q mimetics competed with sC1q in interaction assays and were able to inhibit complement activation. The bio-layer interferometry measurements revealed KD values in the nanomolar range for the IgM/C1q interaction, while the C1q mimetics exhibited rapid on and off binding rates with the IgMs. Our results make C1q mimetics valuable tools for developing recombinant C1q, specifically its variants, for further scientific studies and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magdalena John
- Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.M.J.)
| | - Monika Hunjadi
- Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.M.J.)
| | - Vanessa Hawlin
- Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.M.J.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Reiser
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Renate Kunert
- Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.M.J.)
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Elghiriani MA, Naga SS, Hameed IA, Elgohary IE, Mansour AR. The role of online hemodiafiltration with endogenous reinfusion in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus activity resistant to conventional therapy. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2024; 4:1269852. [PMID: 38586116 PMCID: PMC10995452 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2024.1269852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Lupus is a diverse autoimmune disease with autoantibody formation. Lupus nephritis carries a grave prognosis. Complement involvement, namely, C1q deficiency, is linked to activity and renal involvement and could help in their assessment. LN therapies include plasma exchange, immune adsorption, and probably hemodiafiltration with online endogenous reinfusion (HFR), together with traditional immunosuppressive therapies. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of HFR in improving signs and symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) activity and laboratory parameters in cases not responding to traditional immunosuppressive therapy. Settings and design A controlled clinical study was conducted on 60 patients with lupus from Group A that was subdivided into two groups: cases 1 (47 patients), those who received traditional medical treatment, and cases 2 (13 patients), those who underwent HFR in addition to medical treatment. Group B consisted of two subgroups: control 1, composed of 20 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers, and control 2, consisting of 10 cases with different glomerular diseases other than lupus. Methods and materials Serum C1q was determined before and after the HFR as well as induction by medical treatment. Disease activity was assessed using SLEDAI-2K with a responder index of 50; quality of life was assessed using SLEQOL v2, and HFR was performed for the non-responder group. Results C1q was lower in cases. It can efficiently differentiate between SLE patients and healthy controls with a sensitivity of 81.67% and a specificity of 90%. It can also efficiently differentiate between SLE patients and the control 2 group (non-lupus patients with renal glomerular disease) with a sensitivity of 83.33% and a specificity of 100%. C1q was more consumed in proliferative lupus, and correlated with anti-ds DNA, C3, and C4. Conclusions C1q efficiently discriminates lupus patients and correlates with proliferative forms. HFR might ameliorate lupus activity and restore C1q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Elghiriani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salah S. Naga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibtessam A. Hameed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Iman E. Elgohary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal R. Mansour
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Radulova G, Kapogianni A, Cholakova G, Iliev S, Ivanova A, Bogoeva V, Tsacheva I. Galectin-3 - A novel ligand of complement protein C1q. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129930. [PMID: 38325676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
In the present study we report a novel interaction of human C1q, a primary activator of the Complement system, with human Galectin-3 (Gal-3). We investigated the potential recognition between C1q and Gal-3 on a solid hydrophobic surface by ELISA, by fluorescence spectroscopy, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD). The data showed that C1q and Gal-3 had a pronounced affinity for protein-protein interaction and supramolecular binding, locating the binding sites within the globular domains of C1q (gC1q) and on the backside of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of Gal-3. Fluorescence spectroscopy gave quantitative assessment of the recognition with KD value of 0.04 μM. MD analysis showed that when the active AAs of the two proteins interacted, electrostatic attraction, aided by a large number of hydrogen bonds, was dominant for the stabilization of the complex. When the contact of C1q and Gal-3 was not limited to active residues, the complex between them was stabilized mainly by Van der Waals interactions and smaller in number but stronger hydrogen bonds. This is the first report analyzing the interaction of Gal-3 with C1q, which could open the way to new applications of this protein-protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Radulova
- Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Biology, Bulgaria
| | | | - Ginka Cholakova
- Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Biology, Bulgaria
| | - Stoyan Iliev
- Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Bulgaria
| | - Anela Ivanova
- Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Bulgaria
| | - Vanya Bogoeva
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Molecular biology "Rumen Tsanev", Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Tsacheva
- Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Biology, Bulgaria.
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Keri D, Walker M, Singh I, Nishikawa K, Garces F. Next generation of multispecific antibody engineering. Antib Ther 2024; 7:37-52. [PMID: 38235376 PMCID: PMC10791046 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Multispecific antibodies recognize two or more epitopes located on the same or distinct targets. This added capability through protein design allows these man-made molecules to address unmet medical needs that are no longer possible with single targeting such as with monoclonal antibodies or cytokines alone. However, the approach to the development of these multispecific molecules has been met with numerous road bumps, which suggests that a new workflow for multispecific molecules is required. The investigation of the molecular basis that mediates the successful assembly of the building blocks into non-native quaternary structures will lead to the writing of a playbook for multispecifics. This is a must do if we are to design workflows that we can control and in turn predict success. Here, we reflect on the current state-of-the-art of therapeutic biologics and look at the building blocks, in terms of proteins, and tools that can be used to build the foundations of such a next-generation workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Keri
- Department of Protein Therapeutics, Research, Gilead Research, 324 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Matt Walker
- Department of Protein Therapeutics, Research, Gilead Research, 324 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Isha Singh
- Department of Protein Therapeutics, Research, Gilead Research, 324 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Kyle Nishikawa
- Department of Protein Therapeutics, Research, Gilead Research, 324 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Fernando Garces
- Department of Protein Therapeutics, Research, Gilead Research, 324 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
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Wilton DK, Mastro K, Heller MD, Gergits FW, Willing CR, Fahey JB, Frouin A, Daggett A, Gu X, Kim YA, Faull RLM, Jayadev S, Yednock T, Yang XW, Stevens B. Microglia and complement mediate early corticostriatal synapse loss and cognitive dysfunction in Huntington's disease. Nat Med 2023; 29:2866-2884. [PMID: 37814059 PMCID: PMC10667107 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating monogenic neurodegenerative disease characterized by early, selective pathology in the basal ganglia despite the ubiquitous expression of mutant huntingtin. The molecular mechanisms underlying this region-specific neuronal degeneration and how these relate to the development of early cognitive phenotypes are poorly understood. Here we show that there is selective loss of synaptic connections between the cortex and striatum in postmortem tissue from patients with HD that is associated with the increased activation and localization of complement proteins, innate immune molecules, to these synaptic elements. We also found that levels of these secreted innate immune molecules are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of premanifest HD patients and correlate with established measures of disease burden.In preclinical genetic models of HD, we show that complement proteins mediate the selective elimination of corticostriatal synapses at an early stage in disease pathogenesis, marking them for removal by microglia, the brain's resident macrophage population. This process requires mutant huntingtin to be expressed in both cortical and striatal neurons. Inhibition of this complement-dependent elimination mechanism through administration of a therapeutically relevant C1q function-blocking antibody or genetic ablation of a complement receptor on microglia prevented synapse loss, increased excitatory input to the striatum and rescued the early development of visual discrimination learning and cognitive flexibility deficits in these models. Together, our findings implicate microglia and the complement cascade in the selective, early degeneration of corticostriatal synapses and the development of cognitive deficits in presymptomatic HD; they also provide new preclinical data to support complement as a therapeutic target for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Wilton
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US.
| | - Kevin Mastro
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Molly D Heller
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Frederick W Gergits
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Carly Rose Willing
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Jaclyn B Fahey
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Arnaud Frouin
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Anthony Daggett
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Gu
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yejin A Kim
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Department of Anatomy with Radiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ted Yednock
- Annexon Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - X William Yang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beth Stevens
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US.
- Stanley Center, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Grinchenko A, Buriak I, Kumeiko V. Invertebrate C1q Domain-Containing Proteins: Molecular Structure, Functional Properties and Biomedical Potential. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:570. [PMID: 37999394 PMCID: PMC10672478 DOI: 10.3390/md21110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
C1q domain-containing proteins (C1qDC proteins) unexpectedly turned out to be widespread molecules among a variety of invertebrates, despite their lack of an integral complement system. Despite the wide distribution in the genomes of various invertebrates, data on the structure and properties of the isolated and characterized C1qDC proteins, which belong to the C1q/TNF superfamily, are sporadic, although they hold great practical potential for the creation of new biotechnologies. This review not only summarizes the current data on the properties of already-isolated or bioengineered C1qDC proteins but also projects further strategies for their study and biomedical application. It has been shown that further broad study of the carbohydrate specificity of the proteins can provide great opportunities, since for many of them only interactions with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) was evaluated and their antimicrobial, antiviral, and fungicidal activities were studied. However, data on the properties of C1qDC proteins, which researchers originally discovered as lectins and therefore studied their fine carbohydrate specificity and antitumor activity, intriguingly show the great potential of this family of proteins for the creation of targeted drug delivery systems, vaccines, and clinical assays for the differential diagnosis of cancer. The ability of invertebrate C1qDC proteins to recognize patterns of aberrant glycosylation of human cell surfaces and interact with mammalian immunoglobulins indicates the great biomedical potential of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Grinchenko
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.G.); (I.B.)
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ivan Buriak
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.G.); (I.B.)
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.G.); (I.B.)
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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Yuan M, Tan Y, Zhao MH. The Role of Anti-mCRP Autoantibodies in Lupus Nephritis. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 9:317-325. [PMID: 37901707 PMCID: PMC10601961 DOI: 10.1159/000530928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Lupus nephritis is characterized by multiple autoantibodies production. However, there are few autoantibodies associated with disease activity and prognosis. CRP exists in at least two conformationally distinct forms: native pentameric C-reactive protein (pCRP) and modified/monomeric CRP (mCRP). Autoantibodies against mCRP are prevalent in sera of patients with lupus nephritis and are reported to be pathogenic. Summary The levels of serum anti-mCRP autoantibodies are associated with clinical disease activity, tubulointerstitial lesions, treatment response, and prognosis in patients with lupus nephritis. The key epitope of mCRP was amino acid 35-47. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicated that anti-mCRP autoantibodies could participate in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis by forming in situ immune complexes or interfering with the biological functions of mCRP, such as binding to complement C1q and factor H. Key Messages Here, we review the recent advances in the prevalence, clinical-pathological associations, and potential pathogenesis of anti-mCRP autoantibodies in lupus nephritis, which may provide a promising novel therapeutic strategy for lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Yuan
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-hui Zhao
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mouliou DS. C-Reactive Protein: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, False Test Results and a Novel Diagnostic Algorithm for Clinicians. Diseases 2023; 11:132. [PMID: 37873776 PMCID: PMC10594506 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The current literature provides a body of evidence on C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and its potential role in inflammation. However, most pieces of evidence are sparse and controversial. This critical state-of-the-art monography provides all the crucial data on the potential biochemical properties of the protein, along with further evidence on its potential pathobiology, both for its pentameric and monomeric forms, including information for its ligands as well as the possible function of autoantibodies against the protein. Furthermore, the current evidence on its potential utility as a biomarker of various diseases is presented, of all cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, renal, gynecological, andrological, dental, oral, otorhinolaryngological, ophthalmological, dermatological, musculoskeletal, neurological, mental, splenic, thyroid conditions, as well as infections, autoimmune-supposed conditions and neoplasms, including other possible factors that have been linked with elevated concentrations of that protein. Moreover, data on molecular diagnostics on CRP are discussed, and possible etiologies of false test results are highlighted. Additionally, this review evaluates all current pieces of evidence on CRP and systemic inflammation, and highlights future goals. Finally, a novel diagnostic algorithm to carefully assess the CRP level for a precise diagnosis of a medical condition is illustrated.
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Xing Y, Zhang D, Fang L, Wang J, Liu C, Wu D, Liu X, Wang X, Min W. Complement in Human Brain Health: Potential of Dietary Food in Relation to Neurodegenerative Diseases. Foods 2023; 12:3580. [PMID: 37835232 PMCID: PMC10572247 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement pathway is a major component of the innate immune system, which is critical for recognizing and clearing pathogens that rapidly react to defend the body against external pathogens. Many components of this pathway are expressed throughout the brain and play a beneficial role in synaptic pruning in the developing central nervous system (CNS). However, excessive complement-mediated synaptic pruning in the aging or injured brain may play a contributing role in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Complement Component 1q (C1q), an initiating recognition molecule of the classical complement pathway, can interact with a variety of ligands and perform a range of functions in physiological and pathophysiological conditions of the CNS. This review considers the function and immunomodulatory mechanisms of C1q; the emerging role of C1q on synaptic pruning in developing, aging, or pathological CNS; the relevance of C1q; the complement pathway to neurodegenerative diseases; and, finally, it summarizes the foods with beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases via C1q and complement pathway and highlights the need for further research to clarify these roles. This paper aims to provide references for the subsequent study of food functions related to C1q, complement, neurodegenerative diseases, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Dingwen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiyan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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11
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Hardy E, Sarker H, Fernandez-Patron C. Could a Non-Cellular Molecular Interactome in the Blood Circulation Influence Pathogens' Infectivity? Cells 2023; 12:1699. [PMID: 37443732 PMCID: PMC10341357 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We advance the notion that much like artificial nanoparticles, relatively more complex biological entities with nanometric dimensions such as pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and other microorganisms) may also acquire a biomolecular corona upon entering the blood circulation of an organism. We view this biomolecular corona as a component of a much broader non-cellular blood interactome that can be highly specific to the organism, akin to components of the innate immune response to an invading pathogen. We review published supporting data and generalize these notions from artificial nanoparticles to viruses and bacteria. Characterization of the non-cellular blood interactome of an organism may help explain apparent differences in the susceptibility to pathogens among individuals. The non-cellular blood interactome is a candidate therapeutic target to treat infectious and non-infectious conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Hardy
- Center of Molecular Immunology, P.O. Box 16040, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | - Hassan Sarker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada;
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Patron
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada;
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12
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Wang J, Thaimuangphol W, Chen Z, Li G, Gong X, Zhao M, Chen Z, Wang B, Wang Z. A C1q domain-containing protein in Pinctada fucata contributes to the innate immune response and elimination of the pathogen. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:582-589. [PMID: 36280130 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The C1q domain-containing proteins (C1qDCs) in bivalve mollusks primarily exist as the globular head C1q proteins (ghC1qs), for the N-terminal collagen domains were very rare in bivalves, although widespread in C1qDCs of vertebrates. In this work, the C1qDC protein with only a ghC1q domain (named as Pf-ghC1q) was identified from Pinctada fucata, and molecular characterization, gene expression, and functional studies were also conducted. The full-length cDNA sequence of Pf-ghC1q was 738 bp long, containing a signal peptide of 23 residues encoded. Pf-ghC1q was clustered with some C1qDCs from other invertebrates in the phylogenetic tree analysis, rather than vertebrates. Pf-ghC1q was detected in all tested tissues, including the mantle, hemocyte, digestive gland, gill, and adductor muscle. Moreover, the expression levels of Pf-ghC1q were up-regulated in all tested tissues after the challenge with Vibrio alginolyticus 4 h later. The expression level of Pf-ghC1q was inhibited by specific si-276, and the low level of Pf-ghC1q affected the phagocytosis efficiency of V. alginolyticus by hemocytes. These results indicated that Pf-ghC1q may participate in the target recognition of V. alginolyticus and the phagocytosis process in the immune response of P. fucata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Wipavee Thaimuangphol
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Guiying Li
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zongfa Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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13
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Dix C, Zeller J, Stevens H, Eisenhardt SU, Shing KSCT, Nero TL, Morton CJ, Parker MW, Peter K, McFadyen JD. C-reactive protein, immunothrombosis and venous thromboembolism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1002652. [PMID: 36177015 PMCID: PMC9513482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a member of the highly conserved pentraxin superfamily of proteins and is often used in clinical practice as a marker of infection and inflammation. There is now increasing evidence that CRP is not only a marker of inflammation, but also that destabilized isoforms of CRP possess pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic properties. CRP circulates as a functionally inert pentameric form (pCRP), which relaxes its conformation to pCRP* after binding to phosphocholine-enriched membranes and then dissociates to monomeric CRP (mCRP). with the latter two being destabilized isoforms possessing highly pro-inflammatory features. pCRP* and mCRP have significant biological effects in regulating many of the aspects central to pathogenesis of atherothrombosis and venous thromboembolism (VTE), by directly activating platelets and triggering the classical complement pathway. Importantly, it is now well appreciated that VTE is a consequence of thromboinflammation. Accordingly, acute VTE is known to be associated with classical inflammatory responses and elevations of CRP, and indeed VTE risk is elevated in conditions associated with inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease, COVID-19 and sepsis. Although the clinical data regarding the utility of CRP as a biomarker in predicting VTE remains modest, and in some cases conflicting, the clinical utility of CRP appears to be improved in subsets of the population such as in predicting VTE recurrence, in cancer-associated thrombosis and in those with COVID-19. Therefore, given the known biological function of CRP in amplifying inflammation and tissue damage, this raises the prospect that CRP may play a role in promoting VTE formation in the context of concurrent inflammation. However, further investigation is required to unravel whether CRP plays a direct role in the pathogenesis of VTE, the utility of which will be in developing novel prophylactic or therapeutic strategies to target thromboinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dix
- Department of Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Johannes Zeller
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Stevens
- Department of Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steffen U. Eisenhardt
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karen S. Cheung Tung Shing
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tracy L. Nero
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig J. Morton
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Biomedical Manufacturing Program, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael W. Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Structural Biology Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James D. McFadyen
- Department of Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: James D. McFadyen,
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14
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Ullah N, Wu Y. Regulation of Conformational Changes in C-reactive Protein Alters its Bioactivity. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:595-608. [PMID: 35997934 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The acute phase C-reactive protein (CRP) is mainly synthesized and secreted by the liver in a cytokine-mediated response to infection or inflammation and circulates as a pentamer (pCRP) in plasma. Recent studies indicate that CRP is not only a marker but is directly involved in inflammation. CRP has a vital role in host defense and inflammation, metabolic function and scavenging through its ability for calcium depended binding to exogenous and endogenous molecules having phosphocholine followed by activation of the classical complement pathway. Accumulating evidence indicates that pCRP dissociates into monomeric CRP (mCRP) and most proinflammatory actions of CRP are only expressed following dissociation of its native pentameric assembly into mCRP. The dissociation of CRP into mCRP altogether promotes the ligand-binding capability. mCRP emerges to be the main conformation of CRP that participates in the regulation of local inflammation, however, little is identified concerning what triggers the significantly enhanced actions of mCRP and their binding to diverse ligands. The separation of mCRP from pCRP may be a direct relationship between CRP and inflammation. Here we review the current literature on CRP dissociation and its interaction with different ligands. The possibility to avoid the generation of the proinflammatory potential of mCRP has driven therapeutic approaches by targeting the dissociation mechanism of pCRP or inhibition of mCRP itself during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Ullah
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, the Affiliated Children's Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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15
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Zeller J, Bogner B, McFadyen JD, Kiefer J, Braig D, Pietersz G, Krippner G, Nero TL, Morton CJ, Shing KSCT, Parker MW, Peter K, Eisenhardt SU. Transitional changes in the structure of C-reactive protein create highly pro-inflammatory molecules: Therapeutic implications for cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108165. [PMID: 35247517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is the prototypic acute-phase reactant that has long been recognized almost exclusively as a marker of inflammation and predictor of cardiovascular risk. However, accumulating evidence indicates that CRP is also a direct pathogenic pro-inflammatory mediator in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The 'CRP system' consists of at least two protein conformations with distinct pathophysiological functions. The binding of the native, pentameric CRP (pCRP) to activated cell membranes leads to a conformational change resulting in two highly pro-inflammatory isoforms, pCRP* and monomeric CRP (mCRP). The deposition of these pro-inflammatory isoforms has been shown to aggravate the localized tissue injury in a broad range of pathological conditions including atherosclerosis and thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Here, we review recent findings on how these structural changes contribute to the inflammatory response and discuss the transitional changes in the structure of CRP as a novel therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases and overshooting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany; Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - B Bogner
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany
| | - J D McFadyen
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Kiefer
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany
| | - D Braig
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany; Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G Pietersz
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Krippner
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - T L Nero
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C J Morton
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K S Cheung Tung Shing
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M W Parker
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
| | - K Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - S U Eisenhardt
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany.
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16
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Bockermann R, Järnum S, Runström A, Lorant T, Winstedt L, Palmqvist N, Kjellman C. Imlifidase-generated Single-cleaved IgG: Implications for Transplantation. Transplantation 2022; 106:1485-1496. [PMID: 34966107 PMCID: PMC9213077 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imlifidase is an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-specific protease conditionally approved in the EU for desensitization in highly sensitized crossmatch positive kidney transplant patients. Imlifidase efficiently cleaves both heavy chains of IgG in a 2-step process. However, low levels of the intermediate cleavage product, single-cleaved IgG (scIgG), may persist in the circulation. The study objective was to investigate Fc-mediated effector functions of scIgG and its potential impact on common clinical immunologic assays used to assess transplant eligibility. METHODS Imlifidase-generated scIgG, obtained by in vitro cleavage of HLA-sensitized patient serum or selected antibodies, was investigated in different complement- and FcγR-dependent assays and models, including clinical tests used to evaluate HLA-specific antibodies. RESULTS ScIgG had significantly reduced Fc-mediated effector function compared with intact IgG, although some degree of activity in complement- and FcγR-dependent models was still detectable. A preparation of concentrated scIgG generated from a highly HLA-sensitized individual gave rise to a positive signal in the anti-HLA IgG LABScreen, which uses anti-Fc detection, but was entirely negative in the C1qScreen. The same high-concentration HLA-binding scIgG preparation also generated positive complement-dependent cytotoxicity responses against 80%-100% of donor T and B cells, although follow-up titrations demonstrated a much lower intrinsic activity than for intact anti-HLA IgG. CONCLUSIONS ScIgG has a significantly reduced capacity to mediate Fc-dependent effector functions. However, remaining HLA-reactive scIgG in plasma after imlifidase treatment can cause positive assay results equivalent to intact IgG in clinical assays. Therefore, complete IgG cleavage after imlifidase treatment is essential to allow correct decision-making in relation to transplant eligibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomas Lorant
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Transplantation Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Fujita C, Sakurai Y, Yasuda Y, Homma R, Huang CL, Fujita M. mCRP as a Biomarker of Adult-Onset Still’s Disease: Quantification of mCRP by ELISA. Front Immunol 2022; 13:938173. [PMID: 35844576 PMCID: PMC9284222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.938173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C-reactive protein (CRP) is a dynamic protein that undergoes conformational changes between circulating native pentameric CRP (pCRP), pentameric symmetrical forms (pCRP*) and monomeric (or modified) CRP (mCRP) forms. mCRP exhibits strong pro-inflammatory activity and activates platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells. Abundant deposition of mCRP in inflamed tissues plays a role in several disease conditions, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, Alzheimer’s disease, and cardiovascular disease. Although pCRP is typically quantified rather than mCRP for clinical purposes, mCRP may be a more appropriate disease marker of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, simple methods for quantifying mCRP are needed. Methods We developed a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure plasma levels of mCRP. Plasma mCRP concentration was measured in patients with adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) (n=20), polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) (n=20), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n=30), infection (n=50), and in control subjects (n=30) using the developed ELISA. Results We demonstrated that mCRP is elevated in some inflammatory autoimmune diseases, particularly AOSD. The mCRP concentration was also significantly higher among AOSD patients than RA, PMR patients and controls (477 ng/ml, 77 ng/ml, 186 ng/ml, and 1.2 ng/ml, respectively). Also, the mCRP (×1,000)/pCRP ratio was significantly higher among AOSD patients than RA, PMR, and infection patients (3.5, 0.6, 1,6, and 2.0, respectively). Conclusion The plasma mCRP levels are elevated in some autoimmune diseases, particularly AOSD. The plasma mCRP levels may therefore be a potentially useful biomarker for AOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitose Fujita
- Division of Oncology, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan-Multinational Trial Organization, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sakurai
- The Japan-Multinational Trial Organization, Aichi, Japan
- Advanced Technology Research Department, Research and Development Center, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuki Yasuda
- Advanced Technology Research Department, Research and Development Center, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Rino Homma
- Advanced Technology Research Department, Research and Development Center, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Cheng-Long Huang
- Division of Oncology, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan-Multinational Trial Organization, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fujita
- Division of Oncology, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan-Multinational Trial Organization, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masaaki Fujita,
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18
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Vadászi H, Kiss B, Micsonai A, Schlosser G, Szaniszló T, Kovács RÁ, Györffy BA, Kékesi KA, Goto Y, Uzonyi B, Liliom K, Kardos J. Competitive inhibition of the classical complement pathway using exogenous single-chain C1q recognition proteins. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102113. [PMID: 35690144 PMCID: PMC9270254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement component 1q (C1q) is a protein complex of the innate immune system with well-characterized binding partners that constitutes part of the classical complement pathway (CP). In addition, C1q was recently described in the central nervous system as having a role in synapse elimination both in the healthy brain and in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanism of C1q-associated synapse phagocytosis is still unclear. Here, we designed monomer and multimer protein constructs which comprised the globular interaction recognition parts of mouse C1q (gC1q) as single-chain molecules (sc-gC1q proteins) lacking the collagen-like effector region. These molecules, which can competitively inhibit the function of C1q, were expressed in an E. coli expression system, and their structure and capabilities to bind known CP activators were validated by mass spectrometry, analytical size exclusion chromatography, analytical ultracentrifugation, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and ELISA. We further characterized the interactions between these molecules and immunoglobulins and neuronal pentraxins using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. We demonstrated that sc-gC1qs potently inhibited the function of C1q. Furthermore, these sc-gC1qs competed with C1q in binding to the embryonal neuronal cell membrane. We conclude that the application of sc-gC1qs can reveal neuronal localization and functions of C1q in assays in vivo and might serve as a basis for engineering inhibitors for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrietta Vadászi
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Micsonai
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA ELTE Lendu¨let Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szaniszló
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Á Kovács
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs A Györffy
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin A Kékesi
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yuji Goto
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Barbara Uzonyi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Károly Liliom
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Kardos
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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19
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Yang R, Hu J, Zeng B, Yang D, Li D, Yang M, Fan X, Li X, Mao X, Liu Y, Lyu Y, Li Y. Structural characterization of immune receptor family short pentraxins, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P component, in primates. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:104371. [PMID: 35131310 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The short pentraxins C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP) are a family of pattern-recognition molecules that play versatile roles in innate immunity and inflammation. A comprehensive description is currently lacking as to the genetic characteristics of these molecules in primates. In the present study, we analyzed genetic changes of CRP and SAP genes in this phylogenic lineage. The results revealed that adaptive selection has brought about interspecific diversities of both genes. The adaptively selected amino acid changes have occurred in or adjacent to the structural domains involved in ligand- and effector-binding and homologous aggregation. Each gene, however, exhibits a striking lack of genetic variation in both commonly-used non-human primate models Macaca fascicularis and M. mulatta. These findings highlight basic facts on the genetic characteristics of primate short pentraxins and would contribute powerfully to the extrapolation of their functional insights and physiological outcomes from primate models to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Deying Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Diyan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulei Liu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Lyu
- The First Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Bielak K, Hołubowicz R, Zoglowek A, Żak A, Kędzierski P, Ożyhar A, Dobryszycki P. N'-terminal- and Ca 2+-induced stabilization of high-order oligomers of full-length Danio rerio and Homo sapiens otolin-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1032-1047. [PMID: 35447266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Otolin-1 is a C1q family member and a major component of the organic matrix of fish otoliths and human otoconia. To date, the protein molecular properties have not been characterized. In this work, we describe biochemical characterization and comparative studies on saccular-specific otolin-1 derived from Danio rerio and Homo sapiens. Due to the low abundance of proteins in the otoconial matrix, we developed a production and purification method for both recombinant homologues of otolin-1. Danio rerio and Homo sapiens otolin-1 forms higher-order oligomers that can be partially disrupted under reducing conditions. The presence of Ca2+ stabilizes the oligomers and significantly increases the thermal stability of the proteins. Despite the high sequence coverage, the oligomerization of Danio rerio otolin-1 is more affected by the reducing conditions and presence of Ca2+ than the human homologue. The results show differences in molecular behaviour, which may be reflected in Danio rerio and Homo sapiens otolin-1 role in otolith and otoconia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Bielak
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Hołubowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zoglowek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Żak
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kędzierski
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobryszycki
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
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21
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Liang X, Xiong X, Cao Y, Li Z, Chen J, Jiao Y, Deng Y, Du X. Globular C1q domain-containing protein from Pinctada fucata martensii participates in the immune defense process. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:521-527. [PMID: 35364260 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The globular C1q domain-containing (C1qDC) protein can recognize a variety of ligands, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and plays an important role in the innate immune response. Our previous studies showed that a novel globular C1q domain-containing protein (PmC1qDC-1) is involved in the damage repair process of pearl oyster shells. However, the function of PmC1qDC-1 in pearl oyster innate immunity remains unknown. In the present study, the high-level structural analysis showed that PmC1qDC-1 was a spherical structure composed of 10 strands and was similar to the AiC1qDC-2 of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians). In situ hybridization indicated that PmC1qDC-1 had strong fluorescence signal in gills. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of PmC1qDC-1 was highly induced at 6-48 h in gill after lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stimulation. Additionally, we obtained the recombinant protein of PmC1qDC-1 (rPmC1qDC-1) and found that rPmC1qDC-1 had antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli, and Aeromonas hydrophila) and Gram-positive (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) bacteria. These results indicated that PmC1qDC-1 might play an important role in the immune response against bacteria and viruses. This study provides clues for further studying the immune defense of Pinctada fucata martensii against pathogens and exploring the evolution of the classic pathway of complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueru Liang
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Xinwei Xiong
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Yanfei Cao
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Zhixin Li
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Yu Jiao
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xiaodong Du
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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22
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Kuusinen S, Ekman M, Raiko K, Hannula H, Lyytikäinen A, Lahtinen S, Soukka T. Complement C1q in plasma induces nonspecific binding of poly(acrylic acid)-coated upconverting nanoparticle antibody conjugates. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3741-3749. [PMID: 35332370 PMCID: PMC9035425 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Upconverting nanoparticles are attractive reporters for immunoassays, because their high specific activity and lack of autofluorescence background enable their detection at extremely low concentrations. However, the sensitivity achieved with heterogeneous sandwich immunoassays using nanoparticle reporters is generally limited by the nonspecific binding of nanoparticle antibody conjugates to solid supports. In this study, we characterized plasma components associated with elevated nonspecific binding of poly(acrylic acid)-coated upconverting nanoparticles in heterogeneous two-step sandwich immunoassays. Plasma was consecutively fractionated using various chromatographic methods by selecting after each step the fractions producing the highest nonspecific binding of upconverting nanoparticle conjugates in an immunoassay for cardiac troponin I. Finally, the proteins in the fractions associated with highest amount of nonspecific binding were separated by gel electrophoresis and identified with mass spectrometry. The results indicated that complement component C1q was present in the fractions associated with the highest signal from nonspecific binding. The interference was not limited to only poly(acrylic acid)-coated nanoparticles or certain antibody combination, but occurred more generally. The interference was removed by increasing the ionic strength of the assay buffer in the sample incubation step or by adding a negatively charged blocker to bind on positively charged C1q, suggesting that the interaction is mostly electrostatic. Hence, we assume that the interference is likely to affect various negatively charged nanoparticles. The identification of complement component C1q as the major interfering protein allows for more rational design of countermeasures in future immunoassay development utilizing nanoparticle reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Kuusinen
- Department of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Miikka Ekman
- Department of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsti Raiko
- Department of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Hannula
- Department of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Annika Lyytikäinen
- Department of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Lahtinen
- Department of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Soukka
- Department of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
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23
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Noone DP, van der Velden TT, Sharp TH. Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Biochemical Analysis Offer Insights Into the Effects of Acidic pH, Such as Occur During Acidosis, on the Complement Binding Properties of C-Reactive Protein. Front Immunol 2022; 12:757633. [PMID: 34975846 PMCID: PMC8716467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pentraxin family of proteins includes C-reactive protein (CRP), a canonical marker for the acute phase inflammatory response. As compared to normal physiological conditions in human serum, under conditions associated with damage and inflammation, such as acidosis and the oxidative burst, CRP exhibits modulated biochemical properties that may have a structural basis. Here, we explore how pH and ligand binding affect the structure and biochemical properties of CRP. Cryo-electron microscopy was used to solve structures of CRP at pH 7.5 or pH 5 and in the presence or absence of the ligand phosphocholine (PCh), which yielded 7 new high-resolution structures of CRP, including pentameric and decameric complexes. Structures previously derived from crystallography were imperfect pentagons, as shown by the variable angles between each subunit, whereas pentameric CRP derived from cryoEM was found to have C5 symmetry, with subunits forming a regular pentagon with equal angles. This discrepancy indicates flexibility at the interfaces of monomers that may relate to activation of the complement system by the C1 complex. CRP also appears to readily decamerise in solution into dimers of pentamers, which obscures the postulated binding sites for C1. Subtle structural rearrangements were observed between the conditions tested, including a putative change in histidine protonation that may prime the disulphide bridges for reduction and enhanced ability to activate the immune system. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that CRP had markedly increased association to the C1 complex and immunoglobulins under conditions associated with acidosis, whilst a reduction in the Ca2+ concentration lowered this pH-sensitivity for C1q, but not immunoglobulins, suggesting different modes of binding. These data suggest a model whereby a change in the ionic nature of CRP and immunological proteins can make it more adhesive to potential ligands without large structural rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan P Noone
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tijn T van der Velden
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Sharp
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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24
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Kleer JS, Rabatscher PA, Weiss J, Leonardi J, Vogt SB, Kieninger-Gräfitsch A, Chizzolini C, Huynh-Do U, Ribi C, Trendelenburg M. Epitope-Specific Anti-C1q Autoantibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 12:761395. [PMID: 35087514 PMCID: PMC8788646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complement C1q is frequently targeted by autoantibodies (anti-C1q), that correlate best with active renal disease. Anti-C1q bind to largely unknown epitopes on the collagen-like region (CLR) of this highly functional molecule. Here we aimed at exploring the role of epitope-specific anti-C1q in SLE patients. Methods First, 22 sera of SLE patients, healthy controls and anti-C1q positive patients without SLE were screened for anti-C1q epitopes by a PEPperMAP® microarray, expressing CLR of C1q derived peptides with one amino acid (AA) shift in different lengths and conformations. Afterwards, samples of 378 SLE patients and 100 healthy blood donors were analyzed for antibodies against the identified epitopes by peptide-based ELISA. Relationships between peptide-specific autoantibodies and SLE disease manifestations were explored by logistic regression models. Results The epitope mapping showed increased IgG binding to three peptides of the C1q A- and three of the C1q B-chain. In subsequent peptide-based ELISAs, SLE sera showed significantly higher binding to two N-terminally located C1q A-chain peptides than controls (p < 0.0001), but not to the other peptides. While anti-C1q were associated with a broad spectrum of disease manifestations, some of the peptide-antibodies were associated with selected disease manifestations, and antibodies against the N-terminal C1q A-chain showed a stronger discrimination between SLE and controls than conventional anti-C1q. Conclusion In this large explorative study anti-C1q correlate with SLE overall disease activity. In contrast, peptide-antibodies are associated with specific aspects of the disease suggesting epitope-specific effects of anti-C1q in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Kleer
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal A Rabatscher
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Weiss
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joel Leonardi
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Severin B Vogt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlo Chizzolini
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Uyen Huynh-Do
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Camillo Ribi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marten Trendelenburg
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Abstract
Fc-mediated effector functions are important for the clearance of pathologic cells by therapeutic IgG antibodies through two mechanisms: via the activation of the classical complement pathway and through the binding to Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) which mediate clearance of targeted cells by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by effector cells such as macrophages, NK cells, and other leukocytes subsets. Complement activation results in direct cell killing through the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC, complement-dependent cytotoxicity or CDC) and in the deposition of complement opsonins on pathogen surfaces. The latter are recognized by complement receptors on effector cells in turn triggering complement-dependent cell cytotoxicity and phagocytosis (CDCC and CDCP, respectively). Little is known about the role of CDCC and CDCP on therapeutic antibody function because on the one hand, IgG isotype antibodies bind to both FcγR and C1q to activate the complement pathway, and on the other, immune cells express complement receptor as well as FcγRs. We engineered IgG1 Fc domains that bind with high affinity to C1q but have very little or no binding to FcγR. To this end, we employed display of IgG in E. coli (which lack protein glycosylation machinery) for the screening of very large libraries (>2 × 109) of randomly mutated human Fc domains to isolate Fc variants that bind to C1q. Herein we introduce and describe the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Han Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - George Delidakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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26
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Dash R, Singh SK, Chirmule N, Rathore AS. Assessment of Functional Characterization and Comparability of Biotherapeutics: a Review. AAPS J 2021; 24:15. [PMID: 34931298 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of monoclonal antibody (mAb) biosimilars is a complex process. The key to their successful development and commercialization is an in-depth understanding of the key product attributes that impact safety and efficacy and the strategies to control them. Functional assessment of mAb is a crucial part of the comparability of biopharmaceutical drugs. The development of a relevant and robust functional assay requires an interdisciplinary approach and sufficient flexibility to balance regulatory concerns as well as dynamics and variability during the manufacturing process. Although many advanced tools are available to study and compare the potency and bioactivity of the protein, most of these techniques suffer from major shortcomings that limit their routine use. These include the complexity of the task, establishment of the relevance of the chosen method with the mechanism of action (MOA) of the biosimilar, cost and extended time of analysis, and often the ambiguity in interpretation of the resulting data. To overcome or to address these challenges, the use of multiple orthogonal state-of-the-art techniques is a necessary prerequisite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozaleen Dash
- Department of Chemical Engineering, DBT Center of Excellence for Biopharmaceutical Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, DBT Center of Excellence for Biopharmaceutical Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.,School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT-BHU, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Anurag S Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, DBT Center of Excellence for Biopharmaceutical Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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27
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Fujita C, Sakurai Y, Yasuda Y, Takada Y, Huang CL, Fujita M. Anti-Monomeric C-Reactive Protein Antibody Ameliorates Arthritis and Nephritis in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1755-1762. [PMID: 34470853 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Conformation-specific Ags are ideal targets for mAb-based immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that the monomeric form of C-reactive protein (mCRP) is a specific therapeutic target for arthritis and nephritis in a murine model. Screening of >1800 anti-mCRP mAb clones identified 3C as a clone recognizing the monomeric, but not polymeric, form of CRP. The anti-mCRP mAb suppressed leukocyte infiltration in thioglycollate-induced peritonitis, attenuated rheumatoid arthritis symptoms in collagen Ab-induced arthritis model mice, and attenuated lupus nephritis symptoms in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr lupus-prone model mice. These data suggest that the anti-mCRP mAb 3C has therapeutic potential against rheumatoid arthritis and lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitose Fujita
- Division of Oncology, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan-Multinational Trial Organization, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sakurai
- The Japan-Multinational Trial Organization, Aichi, Japan.,Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuki Yasuda
- Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Cheng-Long Huang
- Division of Oncology, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan-Multinational Trial Organization, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fujita
- Division of Oncology, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan; .,The Japan-Multinational Trial Organization, Aichi, Japan.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan; and.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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28
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A P, G M, M T, L B, N F. Characterisation and functional role of a novel C1qDC protein from a colonial ascidian. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 122:104077. [PMID: 33905781 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As an invertebrate, the compound ascidian Botryllus schlosseri faces nonself only with innate immunity. In this species, we already identified the key components of the lectin and alternative complement activation pathways. In the present work, by mining the transcriptome, we identified a single transcript codifying for a protein, member of the C1q-domain-containing protein family, with a signal peptide followed by two globular C1q (gC1q) domains. It shares a similar domain organisation with C1q/TNF-related proteins 4, the only vertebrate protein family with two gC1q domains. Our gC1q domain-containing protein, called BsC1qDC, is actively transcribed by immunocytes. The transcription is modulated during the Botryllus blastogenetic cycle and is upregulated following the injection of Bacillus clausii cells in the circulation. Furthermore, the injection of bsc1qdc iRNA in the vasculature results in decreased transcription of the gene and a significant impairment of phagocytosis and degranulation, suggesting the involvement of this molecule in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peronato A
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Minervini G
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Tabarelli M
- PhD School in Agricultural Science and Biotechnology, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Ballarin L
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Franchi N
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
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29
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Anti-Idiotype scFv Localizes an Autoepitope in the Globular Domain of C1q. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158288. [PMID: 34361054 PMCID: PMC8347764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We addressed the issue of C1q autoantigenicity by studying the structural features of the autoepitopes recognized by the polyclonal anti-C1q antibodies present in Lupus Nephritis (LN) sera. We used six fractions of anti-C1q as antigens and selected anti-idiotypic scFv antibodies from the phage library "Griffin.1". The monoclonal scFv A1 was the most potent inhibitor of the recognition of C1q and its fragments ghA, ghB and ghC, comprising the globular domain gC1q, by the lupus autoantibodies. It was sequenced and in silico folded by molecular dynamics into a 3D structure. The generated 3D model of A1 elucidated CDR similarity to the apical region of gC1q, thus mapping indirectly for the first time a globular autoepitope of C1q. The VH CDR2 of A1 mimicked the ghA sequence GSEAD suggested as a cross-epitope between anti-DNA and anti-C1q antibodies. Other potential inhibitors of the recognition of C1q by the LN autoantibodies among the selected recombinant antibodies were the monoclonal scFv F6, F9 and A12.
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30
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Molecular mechanism of calcium induced trimerization of C1q-like domain of otolin-1 from human and zebrafish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12778. [PMID: 34140580 PMCID: PMC8211825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The C1q superfamily includes proteins involved in innate immunity, insulin sensitivity, biomineralization and more. Among these proteins is otolin-1, which is a collagen-like protein that forms a scaffold for the biomineralization of inner ear stones in vertebrates. The globular C1q-like domain (gC1q), which is the most conserved part of otolin-1, binds Ca2+ and stabilizes its collagen-like triple helix. The molecular details of the assembly of gC1q otolin-1 trimers are not known. Here, we substituted putative Ca2+-binding acidic residues of gC1q otolin-1 with alanine to analyse how alanine influences the formation of gC1q trimers. We used human and zebrafish gC1q otolin-1 to assess how evolutionary changes affected the function of the protein. Surprisingly, the mutated forms of gC1q otolin-1 trimerized even in the absence of Ca2+, although they were less stable than native proteins saturated with Ca2+. We also found that the zebrafish gC1q domain was less stable than the human homologue under all tested conditions and became stabilized at higher concentrations of Ca2+, which showed that specific interactions leading to the neutralization of the negative charge at the axis of a gC1q trimer by Ca2+ are required for the trimers to form. Moreover, human gC1q otolin-1 seems to be optimized to function at lower concentrations of Ca2+, which is consistent with reported Ca2+ concentrations in the endolymphs of fish and mammals. Our results allow us to explain the molecular mechanism of assembly of proteins from the C1q superfamily, the modulating role of Ca2+ and expand the knowledge of biomineralization of vertebrate inner ear stones: otoliths and otoconia.
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Garred P, Tenner AJ, Mollnes TE. Therapeutic Targeting of the Complement System: From Rare Diseases to Pandemics. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:792-827. [PMID: 33687995 PMCID: PMC7956994 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system was discovered at the end of the 19th century as a heat-labile plasma component that "complemented" the antibodies in killing microbes, hence the name "complement." Complement is also part of the innate immune system, protecting the host by recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. However, complement is multifunctional far beyond infectious defense. It contributes to organ development, such as sculpting neuron synapses, promoting tissue regeneration and repair, and rapidly engaging and synergizing with a number of processes, including hemostasis leading to thromboinflammation. Complement is a double-edged sword. Although it usually protects the host, it may cause tissue damage when dysregulated or overactivated, such as in the systemic inflammatory reaction seen in trauma and sepsis and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Damage-associated molecular patterns generated during ischemia-reperfusion injuries (myocardial infarction, stroke, and transplant dysfunction) and in chronic neurologic and rheumatic disease activate complement, thereby increasing damaging inflammation. Despite the long list of diseases with potential for ameliorating complement modulation, only a few rare diseases are approved for clinical treatment targeting complement. Those currently being efficiently treated include paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Rare diseases, unfortunately, preclude robust clinical trials. The increasing evidence for complement as a pathogenetic driver in many more common diseases suggests an opportunity for future complement therapy, which, however, requires robust clinical trials; one ongoing example is COVID-19 disease. The current review aims to discuss complement in disease pathogenesis and discuss future pharmacological strategies to treat these diseases with complement-targeted therapies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The complement system is the host's defense friend by protecting it from invading pathogens, promoting tissue repair, and maintaining homeostasis. Complement is a double-edged sword, since when dysregulated or overactivated it becomes the host's enemy, leading to tissue damage, organ failure, and, in worst case, death. A number of acute and chronic diseases are candidates for pharmacological treatment to avoid complement-dependent damage, ranging from the well established treatment for rare diseases to possible future treatment of large patient groups like the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.G.); Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Neurobiology and Behavior, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California (A.J.T.); and Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway, Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (T.E.M.); Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (T.E.M.); and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (T.E.M.)
| | - Andrea J Tenner
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.G.); Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Neurobiology and Behavior, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California (A.J.T.); and Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway, Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (T.E.M.); Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (T.E.M.); and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (T.E.M.)
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.G.); Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Neurobiology and Behavior, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California (A.J.T.); and Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway, Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (T.E.M.); Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (T.E.M.); and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (T.E.M.)
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Temming AR, Tammes Buirs M, Bentlage AEH, Treffers LW, Feringa H, de Taeye SW, Kuijpers TW, Nagelkerke SQ, Brasser G, Mok JY, van Esch WJE, van den Berg TK, Rispens T, van der Schoot CE, Vidarsson G. C-Reactive Protein Enhances IgG-Mediated Cellular Destruction Through IgG-Fc Receptors in vitro. Front Immunol 2021; 12:594773. [PMID: 33790888 PMCID: PMC8006934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.594773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated blood disorders ensue after auto- or alloimmunization against blood cell antigens, resulting in cytopenia. Although the mechanisms of cell destruction are the same as in immunotherapies targeting tumor cells, many factors are still unknown. Antibody titers, for example, often do not strictly correlate with clinical outcome. Previously, we found C-reactive protein (CRP) levels to be elevated in thrombocytopenic patients, correlating with thrombocyte counts, and bleeding severity. Functionally, CRP amplified antibody-mediated phagocytosis of thrombocytes by phagocytes. To investigate whether CRP is a general enhancer of IgG-mediated target cell destruction, we extensively studied the effect of CRP on in vitro IgG-Fc receptor (FcγR)-mediated cell destruction: through respiratory burst, phagocytosis, and cellular cytotoxicity by a variety of effector cells. We now demonstrate that CRP also enhances IgG-mediated effector functions toward opsonized erythrocytes, in particular by activated neutrophils. We performed a first-of-a-kind profiling of CRP binding to all human FcγRs and IgA-Fc receptor I (FcαRI) using a surface plasmon resonance array. CRP bound these receptors with relative affinities of FcγRIa = FcγRIIa/b = FcγRIIIa > FcγRIIIb = FcαRI. Furthermore, FcγR blocking (in particular FcγRIa) abrogated CRP's ability to amplify IgG-mediated neutrophil effector functions toward opsonized erythrocytes. Finally, we observed that CRP also amplified killing of breast-cancer tumor cell line SKBR3 by neutrophils through anti-Her2 (trastuzumab). Altogether, we provide for the first time evidence for the involvement of specific CRP-FcγR interactions in the exacerbation of in vitro IgG-mediated cellular destruction; a trait that should be further evaluated as potential therapeutic target e.g., for tumor eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Robin Temming
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthias Tammes Buirs
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arthur E. H. Bentlage
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Louise W. Treffers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hannah Feringa
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven W. de Taeye
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W. Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sietse Q. Nagelkerke
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giso Brasser
- Sanquin Reagents, Sanquin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Juk Yee Mok
- Sanquin Reagents, Sanquin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Timo K. van den Berg
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C. Ellen van der Schoot
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Bally I, Ancelet S, Reiser JB, Rossi V, Gaboriaud C, Thielens NM. Functional recombinant human complement C1q with different affinity tags. J Immunol Methods 2021; 492:113001. [PMID: 33621564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Complement C1q is a multifunctional protein able to sense pathogens and immune molecules such as immunoglobulins and pentraxins, and to trigger the classical complement pathway through activation of its two associated proteases, C1r and C1s. C1q is a multimeric protein composed of three homologous yet distinct polypeptide chains A, B, and C, each composed of an N-terminal collagen-like sequence and a C-terminal globular gC1q module, that assemble into six heterotrimeric (A-B-C) subunits. This hexameric structure exhibits the characteristic shape of a bouquet of flowers, comprising six collagen-like triple helices, each terminating in a trimeric C-terminal globular head. We have produced previously functional recombinant full-length C1q in stably transfected HEK 293-F cells, with a FLAG tag inserted at the C-terminal end of C1qC chain. We report here the generation of additional recombinant C1q proteins, with a FLAG tag fused to the C-terminus of C1qA or C1qB chains, or to the N-terminus of the C1qC chain. Two other variants harboring a Myc or a 6-His tag at the C-terminal end of C1qC were also produced. We show that all C1q variants, except for the His-tagged protein, can be produced at comparable yields and are able to bind with similar affinities to either IgM, a ligand of the globular regions, or to the C1r2-C1s2 tetramer, and to trigger IgM-mediated serum complement activation. These new recombinant C1q variants provide additional tools to investigate the multiple functions of C1q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bally
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sarah Ancelet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Véronique Rossi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Structure-Based Modeling of Complement C4 Mediated Neutralization of Adenovirus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13010111. [PMID: 33467558 PMCID: PMC7830055 DOI: 10.3390/v13010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus (AdV) infection elicits a strong immune response with the production of neutralizing antibodies and opsonization by complement and coagulation factors. One anti-hexon neutralizing antibody, called 9C12, is known to activate the complement cascade, resulting in the deposition of complement component C4b on the capsid, and the neutralization of the virus. The mechanism of AdV neutralization by C4b is independent of downstream complement proteins and involves the blockage of the release of protein VI, which is required for viral escape from the endosome. To investigate the structural basis underlying how C4b blocks the uncoating of AdV, we built a model for the complex of human adenovirus type-5 (HAdV5) with 9C12, together with complement components C1 and C4b. This model positions C4b near the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) loops of the penton base. There are multiple amino acids in the RGD loop that might serve as covalent binding sites for the reactive thioester of C4b. Molecular dynamics simulations with a multimeric penton base and C4b indicated that stabilizing interactions may form between C4b and multiple RGD loops. We propose that C4b deposition on one RGD loop leads to the entanglement of C4b with additional RGD loops on the same penton base multimer and that this entanglement blocks AdV uncoating.
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Xiong X, Li C, Zheng Z, Du X. Novel globular C1q domain-containing protein (PmC1qDC-1) participates in shell formation and responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns stimulation in Pinctada fucata martensii. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1105. [PMID: 33441832 PMCID: PMC7806589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The C1q protein, which contains the globular C1q (gC1q) domain, is involved in the innate immune response, and is found abundantly in the shell, and it participates in the shell formation. In this study, a novel gC1q domain-containing gene was identified from Pinctada fucata martensii (P. f. martensii) and designated as PmC1qDC-1. The full-length sequence of PmC1qDC-1 was 902 bp with a 534 bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding a polypeptide of 177 amino acids. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) result showed that PmC1qDC-1 was widely expressed in all tested tissues, including shell formation-associated tissue and immune-related tissue. PmC1qDC-1 expression was significantly high in the blastula and gastrula and especially among the juvenile stage, which is the most important stage of dissoconch shell formation. PmC1qDC-1 expression was located in the outer epithelial cells of mantle pallial and mantle edge and irregular crystal tablets were observed in the nacre upon knockdown of PmC1qDC-1 expression at mantle pallial. Moreover, the recombined protein PmC1qDC-1 increased the rate of calcium carbonate precipitation. Besides, PmC1qDC-1 expression was significantly up-regulated in the mantle pallial at 6 h and was significantly up-regulated in the mantle edge at 12 h and 24 h after shell notching. The expression level of PmC1qDC-1 in mantle edge was significantly up-regulated at 48 h after LPS stimulation and was significantly up-regulated at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after poly I:C stimulation. Moreover, PmC1qDC-1 expression was significantly up-regulated in hemocytes at 6 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and poly I:C challenge. These findings suggest that PmC1qDC-1 plays a crucial role both in the shell formation and the innate immune response in pearl oysters, providing new clues for understanding the shell formation and defense mechanism in mollusk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Xiong
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Chuyi Li
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Xiaodong Du
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Shao S, Hao C, Zhan B, Zhuang Q, Zhao L, Chen Y, Huang J, Zhu X. Trichinella spiralis Calreticulin S-Domain Binds to Human Complement C1q to Interfere With C1q-Mediated Immune Functions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:572326. [PMID: 33329535 PMCID: PMC7710684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminths develop strategies to escape host immune responses that facilitate their survival in the hostile host immune environment. Trichinella spiralis, a tissue-dwelling nematode, has developed a sophisticated strategy to escape complement attack. Our previous study demonstrated that T. spiralis secretes calreticulin (TsCRT) to inhibit host classical complement activation through binding to C1q; however, the C1q binding site in TsCRT and the specific mechanism involved with complement-related immune evasion remains unknown. Using molecular docking modeling and fragment expression, we determined that TsCRT-S, a 153-aa domain of TsCRT, is responsible for C1q binding. Recombinant TsCRT-S protein expressed in Escherichia coli had the same capacity to bind and inhibit human C1q-induced complement and neutrophil activation, as full-length TsCRT. TsCRT-S inhibited neutrophil reactive oxygen species and elastase release by binding to C1q and reduced neutrophil killing of newborn T. spiralis larvae. Binding of TsCRT-S to C1q also inhibited formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are involved in autoimmune pathologies and have yet to be therapeutically targeted. These findings provide evidence that the TsCRT-S fragment, rather than the full-length TsCRT, is a potential target for vaccine or therapeutic development for trichinellosis, as well as for complement-related autoimmune disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyue Hao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhan
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qinghui Zhuang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Zhao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Láng JA, Balogh ZC, Nyitrai MF, Juhász C, Gilicze AKB, Iliás A, Zólyomi Z, Bodor C, Rábai E. In vitro functional characterization of biosimilar therapeutic antibodies. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 37:41-50. [PMID: 34895654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The key factor in successful development and marketing of biosimilar antibodies is a deep understanding of their critical quality attributes and the ability to control them. Comprehensive functional characterization is therefore at the heart of the process and is a crucial part of regulatory requirements. Establishment of a scientifically sound molecule-specific functional in vitro assay panel requires diligent planning and high flexibility in order to respond to both regulatory requirements and the ever-changing demands relevant to the different stages of the development and production process. Relevance of the chosen assays to the in vivo mechanism of action is of key importance to the stepwise evidence-based demonstration of biosimilarity. Use of a sound interdisciplinary approach and orthogonal state-of-the-art techniques is also unavoidable for gaining in-depth understanding of the biosimilar candidate. The aim of the present review is to give a snapshot on the methodic landscape as depicted by the available literature discussing the in vitro techniques used for the functional characterization of approved biosimilar therapeutic antibodies. Emerging hot topics of the field and relevant structure-function relationships are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Anna Láng
- Biotechnology Research & Development Division/Bioassay Development Group, Gedeon Richter Plc, Gyömrői Street 19-21 1103 Budapest Hungary
| | - Zsófia Cselovszkiné Balogh
- Biotechnology Research & Development Division/Bioassay Development Group, Gedeon Richter Plc, Gyömrői Street 19-21 1103 Budapest Hungary.
| | - Mónika Fizilné Nyitrai
- Biotechnology Research & Development Division/Bioassay Development Group, Gedeon Richter Plc, Gyömrői Street 19-21 1103 Budapest Hungary
| | - Cintia Juhász
- Biotechnology Research & Development Division/Bioassay Development Group, Gedeon Richter Plc, Gyömrői Street 19-21 1103 Budapest Hungary
| | - Anna Katalin Baráné Gilicze
- Biotechnology Research & Development Division/Bioassay Development Group, Gedeon Richter Plc, Gyömrői Street 19-21 1103 Budapest Hungary
| | - Attila Iliás
- Biotechnology Research & Development Division/Bioassay Development Group, Gedeon Richter Plc, Gyömrői Street 19-21 1103 Budapest Hungary
| | - Zsolt Zólyomi
- Biotechnology Research & Development Division/Bioassay Development Group, Gedeon Richter Plc, Gyömrői Street 19-21 1103 Budapest Hungary
| | - Csaba Bodor
- Biotechnology Research & Development Division/Bioassay Development Group, Gedeon Richter Plc, Gyömrői Street 19-21 1103 Budapest Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Rábai
- Biotechnology Research & Development Division/Bioassay Development Group, Gedeon Richter Plc, Gyömrői Street 19-21 1103 Budapest Hungary
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Xie B, He Q, Hao R, Zheng Z, Du X. Molecular and functional analysis of PmC1qDC in nacre formation of Pinctada fucata martensii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:621-627. [PMID: 32827655 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The C1q-domain-containing (C1qDC) proteins are a family of proteins characterized by a globular C1q (gC1q) domain in their C-terminus which hold the potential function in the shell formation as shell matrix proteins. In this study, a C1qDC protein was identified and characterized in pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii) (PmC1qDC) to explore its function in nacre formation. The PmC1qDC-deduced protein sequence carried a typical globular C1q (gC1q) domain that possessed the typical 10-stranded β-sandwich fold with a jelly-roll topology common to all C1qDC family members and shared high homology with other gC1q domains. Homologous analysis of PmC1qDC presented it contained conserved secondary structure and Phe135, Phe155, Tyr166, Phe173, Tyr181, Phe183, and Phe256 amino acid residues. Expression pattern analysis showed that PmC1qDC expressed in all the detected tissues and exhibited a significantly higher expression level in nacre formation-associated tissues. After the shell notching, the expression level of PmC1qDC showed significantly up-regulation after 12 h in the central zone of mantle (MC). PmC1qDC expression significantly decreased in the MC after RNA interference (RNAi). Furthermore, disordered crystals with evident rough surface and irregular crystal tablets were observed in the nacre after RNAi. Results suggested that PmC1qDC affects the shell nacre formation, which is significant to improve the pearl production of pearl oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyi Xie
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Qi He
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ruijuan Hao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Xiaodong Du
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Vukojicic A, Delestrée N, Fletcher EV, Pagiazitis JG, Sankaranarayanan S, Yednock TA, Barres BA, Mentis GZ. The Classical Complement Pathway Mediates Microglia-Dependent Remodeling of Spinal Motor Circuits during Development and in SMA. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3087-3100.e7. [PMID: 31801075 PMCID: PMC6937140 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement is an essential behavior requiring the assembly and refinement of spinal motor circuits. However, the mechanisms responsible for circuit refinement and synapse maintenance are poorly understood. Similarly, the molecular mechanisms by which gene mutations cause dysfunction and elimination of synapses in neurodegenerative diseases that occur during development are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the complement protein C1q is required for the refinement of sensory-motor circuits during normal development, as well as for synaptic dysfunction and elimination in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). C1q tags vulnerable SMA synapses, which triggers activation of the classical complement pathway leading to microglia-mediated elimination. Pharmacological inhibition of C1q or depletion of microglia rescues the number and function of synapses, conferring significant behavioral benefit in SMA mice. Thus, the classical complement pathway plays critical roles in the refinement of developing motor circuits, while its aberrant activation contributes to motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Vukojicic
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nicolas Delestrée
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emily V Fletcher
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John G Pagiazitis
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Ted A Yednock
- Annexon Biosciences, 180 Kimball Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ben A Barres
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - George Z Mentis
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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40
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Fouët G, Bally I, Signor L, Häußermann K, Thielens NM, Rossi V, Gaboriaud C. Headless C1q: a new molecular tool to decipher its collagen-like functions. FEBS J 2020; 288:2030-2041. [PMID: 32869492 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Complement component C1q, a soluble defense collagen, is the recognition protein of the classical complement pathway. C1q is able to recognize and interact with multiple targets and, via the subsequent activation of its cognate serine proteases C1r and C1s, initiates the complement cascade. C1q is made up of six ABC heterotrimers each containing two different functional regions, an N-terminal collagen-like region (CLR) and a C-terminal globular region (GR). These heterotrimers assemble via their N-terminal regions, resulting in the characteristic 'bouquet-like' shape of C1q with an N-terminal bundle of collagen fibers with six diverging stems each exhibiting a C-terminal globular head. The GRs are responsible for the versatile recognition of multiple C1q targets, whereas the CLRs trigger immune response through interacting with several cellular or soluble partners. We report here the generation of the first recombinant form of human C1q without its recognition globular heads. The noncollagenous domain 2 (nc2) of type IX collagen has been substituted for the C1q GR in order to control the correct registering of the collagen triple helices of C1q chains A, B, and C. The resulting CLR_nc2 recombinant protein produced in stably transfected EXPI293 mammalian cells was correctly assembled and folded, as demonstrated by mass spectrometry, mass photometry, and electron microscopy experiments. Its interaction properties were investigated using surface plasmon resonance analysis with known CLR ligands: the tetramer of C1r and C1s dimers and MBL-associated protein MAp44. Comparison with the interaction properties of native serum-derived C1q and CLR revealed that recombinant CLR_nc2 retains C1q CLR functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabelle Bally
- CEA, CNRS, IBS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Luca Signor
- CEA, CNRS, IBS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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41
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Kayser S, Brunner P, Althaus K, Dorst J, Sheriff A. Selective Apheresis of C-Reactive Protein for Treatment of Indications with Elevated CRP Concentrations. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2947. [PMID: 32932587 PMCID: PMC7564224 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost every kind of inflammation in the human body is accompanied by rising C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. This can include bacterial and viral infection, chronic inflammation and so-called sterile inflammation triggered by (internal) acute tissue injury. CRP is part of the ancient humoral immune response and secreted into the circulation by the liver upon respective stimuli. Its main immunological functions are the opsonization of biological particles (bacteria and dead or dying cells) for their clearance by macrophages and the activation of the classical complement pathway. This not only helps to eliminate pathogens and dead cells, which is very useful in any case, but unfortunately also to remove only slightly damaged or inactive human cells that may potentially regenerate with more CRP-free time. CRP action severely aggravates the extent of tissue damage during the acute phase response after an acute injury and therefore negatively affects clinical outcome. CRP is therefore a promising therapeutic target to rescue energy-deprived tissue either caused by ischemic injury (e.g., myocardial infarction and stroke) or by an overcompensating immune reaction occurring in acute inflammation (e.g., pancreatitis) or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS; e.g., after transplantation or surgery). Selective CRP apheresis can remove circulating CRP safely and efficiently. We explain the pathophysiological reasoning behind therapeutic CRP apheresis and summarize the broad span of indications in which its application could be beneficial with a focus on ischemic stroke as well as the results of this therapeutic approach after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katharina Althaus
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Johannes Dorst
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Ahmed Sheriff
- Pentracor GmbH, 16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany;
- Medizinische Klinik m.S. Gastroenterologie/Infektiologie/Rheumatologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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42
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Laursen NS, Pedersen DV, Gytz H, Zarantonello A, Bernth Jensen JM, Hansen AG, Thiel S, Andersen GR. Functional and Structural Characterization of a Potent C1q Inhibitor Targeting the Classical Pathway of the Complement System. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1504. [PMID: 32849513 PMCID: PMC7396675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical pathway of complement is important for protection against pathogens and in maintaining tissue homeostasis, but excessive or aberrant activation is directly linked to numerous pathologies. We describe the development and in vitro characterization of C1qNb75, a single domain antibody (nanobody) specific for C1q, the pattern recognition molecule of the classical pathway. C1qNb75 binds to the globular head modules of human C1q with sub-nanomolar affinity and impedes classical pathway mediated hemolysis by IgG and IgM. Crystal structure analysis revealed that C1qNb75 recognizes an epitope primarily located in the C1q B-chain that overlaps with the binding sites of IgG and IgM. Thus, C1qNb75 competitively prevents C1q from binding to IgG and IgM causing blockade of complement activation by the classical pathway. Overall, C1qNb75 represents a high-affinity nanobody-based inhibitor of IgG- and IgM-mediated activation of the classical pathway and may serve as a valuable reagent in mechanistic and functional studies of complement, and as an efficient inhibitor of complement under conditions of excessive CP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick S Laursen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dennis V Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Heidi Gytz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Zarantonello
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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43
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Stewart AN, Little HC, Clark DJ, Zhang H, Wong GW. Protein Modifications Critical for Myonectin/Erythroferrone Secretion and Oligomer Assembly. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2684-2697. [PMID: 32602701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myonectin/erythroferrone (also known as CTRP15) is a secreted hormone with metabolic function and a role in stress erythropoiesis. Despite its importance in physiologic processes, biochemical characterization of the protein is lacking. Here, we show that multiple protein modifications are critical for myonectin secretion and multimerization. Abolishing N-linked glycosylation by tunicamycin, glucosamine supplementation, or glutamine substitutions of all four potential Asn glycosylation sites blocked myonectin secretion. Mass spectrometry confirmed that Asn-229 and Asn-281 were glycosylated, and substituting both Asn sites with Gln prevented myonectin secretion. Although Asn-319 is not identified as glycosylated, Gln substitution caused protein misfolding and retention in the endoplasmic reticulum. Of the four conserved cysteines, Cys-273 and Cys-278 were required for proper protein folding; Ala substitution of either site inhibited protein secretion. In contrast, Ala substitutions of Cys-142, Cys-194, or both markedly enhanced protein secretion, suggesting endoplasmic reticulum retention that facilitates myonectin oligomer assembly. Secreted myonectin consists of trimers, hexamers, and high-molecular weight (HMW) oligomers. The formation of higher-order structures via intermolecular disulfide bonds depended on Cys-142 and Cys-194; while the C142A mutant formed almost exclusively trimers, the C194A mutant was impaired in HMW oligomer formation. Most Pro residues within the short collagen domain of myonectin were also hydroxylated, a modification that stabilized the collagen triple helix. Inhibiting Pro hydroxylation or deleting the collagen domain markedly reduced the rate of protein secretion. Together, our results reveal key determinants that are important for myonectin folding, secretion, and multimeric assembly and provide a basis for future structure-function studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Stewart
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Hannah C Little
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - David J Clark
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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44
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Kishore U, Ghebrehiwet B. Editorial: C1q: A Molecular Bridge to Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:417. [PMID: 32256491 PMCID: PMC7090096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Uday Kishore ;
| | - Berhane Ghebrehiwet
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, New York, NY, United States
- Berhane Ghebrehiwet
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45
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Li Y, Xia P, Wu J, Huang A, Bu G, Meng F, Kong F, Cao X, Han X, Yu G, Pan X, Yang S, Zeng X, Du X. The potential sensing molecules and signal cascades for protecting teleost fishes against lipopolysaccharide. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:235-247. [PMID: 31863902 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a classical pathogen-associated molecular pattern that can trigger strong inflammatory response mainly by TLR4-mediated signaling pathway in mammals, but the molecular mechanism of anti-LPS immunity is unclear in teleost fishes. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression features based on transcriptome analysis in Schizothorax prenanti (S. prenanti), after stimulation with two sources of LPS from Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli (Ah. LPS and Ecoli. LPS). 921 different expression genes (DEGs) after Ah. LPS stimulation and 975 DEGs after Ecoli.LPS stimulation were acquired, but only 706 and 750 DEGs were successfully annotated into the databases, respectively. Both of two groups of DGEs were significantly enriched into immune-related pathways by KEGG enrichment analysis, such as "Toll-like receptor signaling pathway", "Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" and "JAK-STAT signaling pathway". The annotated DEGs from Ah. LPS and Ecoli. LPS stimulation shared 470 DEGs, including 88 immune-related DEGs (IRGs) identified mainly by KEGG enrichment to immune-related signaling pathways. Among the shared IRGs, four pattern-recognition genes (TLR5, TLR25, PTX3 and C1q) were induced with high expression foldchange, and IFN-γ and relative genes also showed higher expression levels than control. Meanwhile, inflammatory signals were highlighted by upregulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-8). Moreover, some non-shared IRGs (including TLR2 and TLR4) were identified, suggesting that different sources of LPS own different potentials for the induction of immune gene expression. In conclusion, TLR5, TLR25, PTX3 and C1q may function as the sensing molecules to catch the invasion signal of LPS. The anti-LPS immune response may be involved into TLR25/TLR5-mediated inflammatory signals that regulate subsequently the activation of PTX3/C1q-modulated complement pathway upon the induction of PTX3 expression, and the crosstalk between IFN-γ and TLR signaling pathways in teleost fishes. This study will contribute to further explore the molecular mechanism of LPS-induced immunity in teleost fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkun Li
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Puzhen Xia
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Anqi Huang
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Guixian Bu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fanli Kong
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingfa Han
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Guozhi Yu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaofu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, PR China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Xiaogang Du
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
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46
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McFadyen JD, Zeller J, Potempa LA, Pietersz GA, Eisenhardt SU, Peter K. C-Reactive Protein and Its Structural Isoforms: An Evolutionary Conserved Marker and Central Player in Inflammatory Diseases and Beyond. Subcell Biochem 2020; 94:499-520. [PMID: 32189313 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41769-7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an evolutionary highly conserved member of the pentraxin superfamily of proteins. CRP is widely used as a marker of inflammation, infection and for risk stratification of cardiovascular events. However, there is now a large body of evidence, that continues to evolve, detailing that CRP directly mediates inflammatory reactions and the innate immune response in the context of localised tissue injury. These data support the concept that the pentameric conformation of CRP dissociates into pro-inflammatory CRP isoforms termed pCRP* and monomeric CRP. These pro-inflammatory CRP isoforms undergo conformational changes that facilitate complement binding and immune cell activation and therefore demonstrate the ability to trigger complement activation, activate platelets, monocytes and endothelial cells. The dissociation of pCRP occurs on the surface of necrotic, apoptotic, and ischaemic cells, regular β-sheet structures such as β-amyloid, the membranes of activated cells (e.g., platelets, monocytes, and endothelial cells), and/or the surface of microparticles, the latter by binding to phosphocholine. Therefore, the deposition and localisation of these pro-inflammatory isoforms of CRP have been demonstrated to amplify inflammation and tissue damage in a broad range of clinical conditions including ischaemia/reperfusion injury, Alzheimer's disease, age-related macular degeneration and immune thrombocytopaenia. Given the potentially broad relevance of CRP to disease pathology, the development of inhibitors of CRP remains an area of active investigation, which may pave the way for novel therapeutics for a diverse range of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D McFadyen
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Johannes Zeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Geoffrey A Pietersz
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steffen U Eisenhardt
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Heart Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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47
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Wang S, Ou X, Wutthinitikornkit Y, Yi M, Li J. Effects of the surface polarity of nanomaterials on their interaction with complement protein gC1q. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41993-42000. [PMID: 35516759 PMCID: PMC9057849 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05493c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The dependence of the recognition mode of gC1q on the surface polarity of nanomaterials is mainly attributed to its distinct surface residue composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- College of Informatics
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- China
- Department of Physics
| | - Xinwen Ou
- Department of Physics
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | | | - Ming Yi
- College of Informatics
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- China
- School of Mathematics and Physics
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Department of Physics
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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48
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Wright DW, Elliston ELK, Hui GK, Perkins SJ. Atomistic Modeling of Scattering Curves for Human IgG1/4 Reveals New Structure-Function Insights. Biophys J 2019; 117:2101-2119. [PMID: 31708160 PMCID: PMC6895691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small angle x-ray and neutron scattering are techniques that give solution structures for large macromolecules. The creation of physically realistic atomistic models from known high-resolution structures to determine joint x-ray and neutron scattering best-fit structures offers a, to our knowledge, new method that significantly enhances the utility of scattering. To validate this approach, we determined scattering curves for two human antibody subclasses, immunoglobulin G (IgG) 1 and IgG4, on five different x-ray and neutron instruments to show that these were reproducible, then we modeled these by Monte Carlo simulations. The two antibodies have different hinge lengths that connect their antigen-binding Fab and effector-binding Fc regions. Starting from 231,492 and 190,437 acceptable conformations for IgG1 and IgG4, respectively, joint x-ray and neutron scattering curve fits gave low goodness-of-fit R factors for 28 IgG1 and 2748 IgG4 structures that satisfied the disulphide connectivity in their hinges. These joint best-fit structures showed that the best-fit IgG1 models had a greater separation between the centers of their Fab regions than those for IgG4, in agreement with their hinge lengths of 15 and 12 residues, respectively. The resulting asymmetric IgG1 solution structures resembled its crystal structure. Both symmetric and asymmetric solution structures were determined for IgG4. Docking simulations with our best-fit IgG4 structures showed greater steric clashes with its receptor to explain its weaker FcγRI receptor binding compared to our best-fit IgG1 structures with fewer clashes and stronger receptor binding. Compared to earlier approaches for fitting molecular antibody structures by solution scattering, we conclude that this joint fit approach based on x-ray and neutron scattering data, combined with Monte Carlo simulations, significantly improved our understanding of antibody solution structures. The atomistic nature of the output extended our understanding of known functional differences in Fc receptor binding between IgG1 and IgG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Wright
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L K Elliston
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gar Kay Hui
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Perkins
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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49
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Gerdol M, Greco S, Pallavicini A. Extensive Tandem Duplication Events Drive the Expansion of the C1q-Domain-Containing Gene Family in Bivalves. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100583. [PMID: 31615007 PMCID: PMC6835236 DOI: 10.3390/md17100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
C1q-domain-containing (C1qDC) proteins are rapidly emerging as key players in the innate immune response of bivalve mollusks. Growing experimental evidence suggests that these highly abundant secretory proteins are involved in the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns, serving as lectin-like molecules in the bivalve proto-complement system. While a large amount of functional data concerning the binding specificity of the globular head C1q domain and on the regulation of these molecules in response to infection are quickly accumulating, the genetic mechanisms that have led to the extraordinary lineage-specific expansion of the C1qDC gene family in bivalves are still largely unknown. The analysis of the chromosome-scale genome assembly of the Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica revealed that the 476 oyster C1qDC genes, far from being uniformly distributed along the genome, are located in large clusters of tandemly duplicated paralogs, mostly found on chromosomes 7 and 8. Our observations point out that the evolutionary process behind the development of a large arsenal of C1qDC lectin-like molecules in marine bivalves is still ongoing and likely based on an unequal crossing over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Samuele Greco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, 34151 Trieste, Italy.
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50
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Casals C, García-Fojeda B, Minutti CM. Soluble defense collagens: Sweeping up immune threats. Mol Immunol 2019; 112:291-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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