1
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Elsabbagh S, Landau M, Gross H, Schultz A, Schultz JE. Heme b inhibits class III adenylyl cyclases. Cell Signal 2023; 103:110568. [PMID: 36565898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acidic lipid extracts from mouse liver, kidney, heart, brain, and lung inhibited human pseudoheterodimeric adenylyl cyclases (hACs) expressed in HEK293 cells. Using an acidic lipid extract from bovine lung, a combined MS- and bioassay-guided fractionation identified heme b as inhibitor of membrane-bound ACs. IC50 concentrations were 8-12 μM for the hAC isoforms. Hemopexin and bacterial hemophore attenuated heme b inhibition of hAC5. Structurally related compounds, such as hematin, protoporphyrin IX, and biliverdin, were significantly less effective. Monomeric bacterial class III ACs (mycobacterial ACs Rv1625c; Rv3645; Rv1264; cyanobacterial AC CyaG) were inhibited by heme b with similar efficiency. Surprisingly, structurally related chlorophyll a similarly inhibited hAC5. Heme b inhibited isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation in HEK293 cells. Using cortical membranes from mouse brain hemin efficiently and reversibly inhibited basal and Gsα-stimulated AC activity. The physiological relevance of heme b inhibition of the cAMP generating system in certain pathologies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Elsabbagh
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Landau
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Gross
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anita Schultz
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joachim E Schultz
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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2
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Sharina I, Martin E. Cellular Factors That Shape the Activity or Function of Nitric Oxide-Stimulated Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase. Cells 2023; 12:471. [PMID: 36766813 PMCID: PMC9914232 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NO-stimulated guanylyl cyclase (SGC) is a hemoprotein that plays key roles in various physiological functions. SGC is a typical enzyme-linked receptor that combines the functions of a sensor for NO gas and cGMP generator. SGC possesses exclusive selectivity for NO and exhibits a very fast binding of NO, which allows it to function as a sensitive NO receptor. This review describes the effect of various cellular factors, such as additional NO, cell thiols, cell-derived small molecules and proteins on the function of SGC as cellular NO receptor. Due to its vital physiological function SGC is an important drug target. An increasing number of synthetic compounds that affect SGC activity via different mechanisms are discovered and brought to clinical trials and clinics. Cellular factors modifying the activity of SGC constitute an opportunity for improving the effectiveness of existing SGC-directed drugs and/or the creation of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emil Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, The University of Texas—McGovern Medical School, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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3
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Roy M, Nath AK, Pal I, Dey SG. Second Sphere Interactions in Amyloidogenic Diseases. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12132-12206. [PMID: 35471949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amyloids are protein aggregates bearing a highly ordered cross β structural motif, which may be functional but are mostly pathogenic. Their formation, deposition in tissues and consequent organ dysfunction is the central event in amyloidogenic diseases. Such protein aggregation may be brought about by conformational changes, and much attention has been directed toward factors like metal binding, post-translational modifications, mutations of protein etc., which eventually affect the reactivity and cytotoxicity of the associated proteins. Over the past decade, a global effort from different groups working on these misfolded/unfolded proteins/peptides has revealed that the amino acid residues in the second coordination sphere of the active sites of amyloidogenic proteins/peptides cause changes in H-bonding pattern or protein-protein interactions, which dramatically alter the structure and reactivity of these proteins/peptides. These second sphere effects not only determine the binding of transition metals and cofactors, which define the pathology of some of these diseases, but also change the mechanism of redox reactions catalyzed by these proteins/peptides and form the basis of oxidative damage associated with these amyloidogenic diseases. The present review seeks to discuss such second sphere modifications and their ramifications in the etiopathology of some representative amyloidogenic diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2Dm), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Roy
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arnab Kumar Nath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ishita Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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4
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NO rapidly mobilizes cellular heme to trigger assembly of its own receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2115774119. [PMID: 35046034 PMCID: PMC8795550 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115774119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) performs many biological functions, but how it operates at the molecular and cellular levels is not fully understood. We discovered that cell NO generation at physiologic levels triggers a rapid redeployment of intracellular heme, an iron-containing cofactor, and we show that this drives the assembly of the natural NO receptor protein, soluble guanylyl cyclase, which is needed for NO to perform its biological signaling functions. Our study uncovers a way that NO can shape biological signaling processes and a way that cells may use NO to control their hemeprotein activities through deployment of the heme cofactor. These concepts broaden our understanding of NO function in biology and medicine. Nitric oxide (NO) signaling in biology relies on its activating cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production by the NO receptor soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). sGC must obtain heme and form a heterodimer to become functional, but paradoxically often exists as an immature heme-free form in cells and tissues. Based on our previous finding that NO can drive sGC maturation, we investigated its basis by utilizing a fluorescent sGC construct whose heme level can be monitored in living cells. We found that NO generated at physiologic levels quickly triggered cells to mobilize heme to immature sGC. This occurred when NO was generated within cells or by neighboring cells, began within seconds of NO exposure, and led cells to construct sGC heterodimers and thus increase their active sGC level by several-fold. The NO-triggered heme deployment involved cellular glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)–heme complexes and required the chaperone hsp90, and the newly formed sGC heterodimers remained functional long after NO generation had ceased. We conclude that NO at physiologic levels triggers assembly of its own receptor by causing a rapid deployment of cellular heme. Redirecting cellular heme in response to NO is a way for cells and tissues to modulate their cGMP signaling and to more generally tune their hemeprotein activities wherever NO biosynthesis takes place.
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5
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Sandner P, Follmann M, Becker-Pelster E, Hahn MG, Meier C, Freitas C, Roessig L, Stasch JP. Soluble GC stimulators and activators: Past, present and future. Br J Pharmacol 2021. [PMID: 34600441 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of soluble GC (sGC) stimulators and sGC activators provided valuable tools to elucidate NO-sGC signalling and opened novel pharmacological opportunities for cardiovascular indications and beyond. The first-in-class sGC stimulator riociguat was approved for pulmonary hypertension in 2013 and vericiguat very recently for heart failure. sGC stimulators enhance sGC activity independent of NO and also act synergistically with endogenous NO. The sGC activators specifically bind to, and activate, the oxidised haem-free form of sGC. Substantial research efforts improved on the first-generation sGC activators such as cinaciguat, culminating in the discovery of runcaciguat, currently in clinical Phase II trials for chronic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy. Here, we highlight the discovery and development of sGC stimulators and sGC activators, their unique modes of action, their preclinical characteristics and the clinical studies. In the future, we expect to see more sGC agonists in new indications, reflecting their unique therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sandner
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Markus Follmann
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Michael G Hahn
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christian Meier
- Pharmaceuticals Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cecilia Freitas
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Lothar Roessig
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Johannes-Peter Stasch
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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6
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Wong A, Hu N, Tian X, Yang Y, Gehring C. Nitric oxide sensing revisited. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:885-897. [PMID: 33867269 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) sensing is an ancient trait enabled by hemoproteins harboring a highly conserved Heme-Nitric oxide/OXygen (H-NOX) domain that operates throughout bacteria, fungi, and animal kingdoms including in humans, but that has long thought to be absent in plants. Recently, H-NOX-containing plant hemoproteins mediating crucial NO-dependent responses such as stomatal closure and pollen tube guidance have been reported. There are indications that the detection method that led to these discoveries will uncover many more heme-based NO sensors that operate as regulatory sites in complex proteins. Their characterizations will in turn offer a much more complete picture of plant NO responses at both the molecular and systems level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China; Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou-Kean University, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China.
| | - Ningxin Hu
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China
| | - Xuechen Tian
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China; Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou-Kean University, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China
| | - Christoph Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, I-06121 Perugia, Italy
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7
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Dent MR, DeMartino AW, Tejero J, Gladwin MT. Endogenous Hemoprotein-Dependent Signaling Pathways of Nitric Oxide and Nitrite. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15918-15940. [PMID: 34313417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interdisciplinary research at the interface of chemistry, physiology, and biomedicine have uncovered pivotal roles of nitric oxide (NO) as a signaling molecule that regulates vascular tone, platelet aggregation, and other pathways relevant to human health and disease. Heme is central to physiological NO signaling, serving as the active site for canonical NO biosynthesis in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes and as the highly selective NO binding site in the soluble guanylyl cyclase receptor. Outside of the primary NOS-dependent biosynthetic pathway, other hemoproteins, including hemoglobin and myoglobin, generate NO via the reduction of nitrite. This auxiliary hemoprotein reaction unlocks a "second axis" of NO signaling in which nitrite serves as a stable NO reservoir. In this Forum Article, we highlight these NO-dependent physiological pathways and examine complex chemical and biochemical reactions that govern NO and nitrite signaling in vivo. We focus on hemoprotein-dependent reaction pathways that generate and consume NO in the presence of nitrite and consider intermediate nitrogen oxides, including NO2, N2O3, and S-nitrosothiols, that may facilitate nitrite-based signaling in blood vessels and tissues. We also discuss emergent therapeutic strategies that leverage our understanding of these key reaction pathways to target NO signaling and treat a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Anthony W DeMartino
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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8
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Bayarri MA, Milara J, Estornut C, Cortijo J. Nitric Oxide System and Bronchial Epithelium: More Than a Barrier. Front Physiol 2021; 12:687381. [PMID: 34276407 PMCID: PMC8279772 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.687381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelium forms a physical barrier that protects the lung from the entrance of inhaled allergens, irritants, or microorganisms. This epithelial structure is maintained by tight junctions, adherens junctions and desmosomes that prevent the diffusion of soluble mediators or proteins between apical and basolateral cell surfaces. This apical junctional complex also participates in several signaling pathways involved in gene expression, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. In addition, the airway epithelium can produce chemokines and cytokines that trigger the activation of the immune response. Disruption of this complex by some inflammatory, profibrotic, and carcinogens agents can provoke epithelial barrier dysfunction that not only contributes to an increase of viral and bacterial infection, but also alters the normal function of epithelial cells provoking several lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF) or lung cancer, among others. While nitric oxide (NO) molecular pathway has been linked with endothelial function, less is known about the role of the NO system on the bronchial epithelium and airway epithelial cells function in physiological and different pathologic scenarios. Several data indicate that the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is altered in lung diseases such as asthma, COPD, lung fibrosis, and cancer among others, and that reactive oxygen species mediate uncoupling NO to promote the increase of peroxynitrite levels, thus inducing bronchial epithelial barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, iNOS and the intracellular pathway sGC-cGMP-PKG are dysregulated in bronchial epithelial cells from patients with lung inflammation, fibrosis, and malignancies which represents an attractive drug molecular target. In this review we describe in detail current knowledge of the effect of NOS-NO-GC-cGMP-PKG pathway activation and disruption in bronchial epithelial cells barrier integrity and its contribution in different lung diseases, focusing on bronchial epithelial cell permeability, inflammation, transformation, migration, apoptosis/necrosis, and proliferation, as well as the specific NO molecular pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Amparo Bayarri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Estornut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research and Teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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9
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Sandner P, Zimmer DP, Milne GT, Follmann M, Hobbs A, Stasch JP. Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulators and Activators. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 264:355-394. [PMID: 30689085 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
When Furchgott, Murad, and Ignarro were honored with the Nobel prize for the identification of nitric oxide (NO) in 1998, the therapeutic implications of this discovery could not be fully anticipated. This was due to the fact that available therapeutics like NO donors did not allow a constant and long-lasting cyclic guanylyl monophosphate (cGMP) stimulation and had a narrow therapeutic window. Now, 20 years later, the stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), riociguat, is on the market and is the only drug approved for the treatment of two forms of pulmonary hypertension (PAH/CTEPH), and a variety of other sGC stimulators and sGC activators are in preclinical and clinical development for additional indications. The discovery of sGC stimulators and sGC activators is a milestone in the field of NO/sGC/cGMP pharmacology. The sGC stimulators and sGC activators bind directly to reduced, heme-containing and oxidized, heme-free sGC, respectively, which results in an increase in cGMP production. The action of sGC stimulators at the heme-containing enzyme is independent of NO but is enhanced in the presence of NO whereas the sGC activators interact with the heme-free form of sGC. These highly innovative pharmacological principles of sGC stimulation and activation seem to have a very broad therapeutic potential. Therefore, in both academia and industry, intensive research and development efforts have been undertaken to fully exploit the therapeutic benefit of these new compound classes. Here we summarize the discovery of sGC stimulators and sGC activators and the current developments in both compound classes, including the mode of action, the chemical structures, and the genesis of the terminology and nomenclature. In addition, preclinical studies exploring multiple aspects of their in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo pharmacology are reviewed, providing an overview of multiple potential applications. Finally, the clinical developments, investigating the treatment potential of these compounds in various diseases like heart failure, diabetic kidney disease, fibrotic diseases, and hypertension, are reported. In summary, sGC stimulators and sGC activators have a unique mode of action with a broad treatment potential in cardiovascular diseases and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sandner
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany. .,Department of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | - Markus Follmann
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Adrian Hobbs
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry QMUL, London, UK
| | - Johannes-Peter Stasch
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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10
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Tyrosine 135 of the β1 subunit as binding site of BAY-543: Importance of the Y-x-S-x-R motif for binding and activation by sGC activator drugs. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Makrynitsa GI, Zompra AA, Argyriou AI, Spyroulias GA, Topouzis S. Therapeutic Targeting of the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2730-2747. [PMID: 30621555 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190108095851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the physiological sensor for nitric oxide and alterations of its function are actively implicated in a wide variety of pathophysiological conditions. Intense research efforts over the past 20 years have provided significant information on its regulation, culminating in the rational development of approved drugs or investigational lead molecules, which target and interact with sGC through novel mechanisms. However, there are numerous questions that remain unanswered. Ongoing investigations, with the critical aid of structural chemistry studies, try to further elucidate the enzyme's structural characteristics that define the association of "stimulators" or "activators" of sGC in the presence or absence of the heme moiety, respectively, as well as the precise conformational attributes that will allow the design of more innovative and effective drugs. This review relates the progress achieved, particularly in the past 10 years, in understanding the function of this enzyme, and focusses on a) the rationale and results of its therapeutic targeting in disease situations, depending on the state of enzyme (oxidized or not, heme-carrying or not) and b) the most recent structural studies, which should permit improved design of future therapeutic molecules that aim to directly upregulate the activity of sGC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aikaterini A Zompra
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio, 26505, Greece
| | - Aikaterini I Argyriou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio, 26505, Greece
| | - Georgios A Spyroulias
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio, 26505, Greece
| | - Stavros Topouzis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio, 26505, Greece
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12
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Dai Y, Schlanger S, Haque MM, Misra S, Stuehr DJ. Heat shock protein 90 regulates soluble guanylyl cyclase maturation by a dual mechanism. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12880-12891. [PMID: 31311859 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is a heterodimer composed of an α subunit and a heme-containing β subunit. It participates in signaling by generating cGMP in response to nitric oxide (NO). Heme insertion into the β1 subunit of sGC (sGCβ) is critical for function, and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) associates with heme-free sGCβ (apo-sGCβ) to drive its heme insertion. Here, we tested the accuracy and relevance of a modeled apo-sGCβ-HSP90 complex by constructing sGCβ variants predicted to have an impaired interaction with HSP90. Using site-directed mutagenesis, purified recombinant proteins, mammalian cell expression, and fluorescence approaches, we found that (i) three regions in apo-sGCβ predicted by the model mediate direct complex formation with HSP90 both in vitro and in mammalian cells; (ii) such HSP90 complex formation directly correlates with the extent of heme insertion into apo-sGCβ and with cyclase activity; and (iii) apo-sGCβ mutants possessing an HSP90-binding defect instead bind to sGCα in cells and form inactive, heme-free sGC heterodimers. Our findings uncover the molecular features of the cellular apo-sGCβ-HSP90 complex and reveal its dual importance in enabling heme insertion while preventing inactive heterodimer formation during sGC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dai
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Simon Schlanger
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Mohammad Mahfuzul Haque
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Saurav Misra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Dennis J Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.
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13
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Elgert C, Rühle A, Sandner P, Behrends S. A novel soluble guanylyl cyclase activator, BR 11257, acts as a non-stabilising partial agonist of sGC. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:142-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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14
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The molecule nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to regulate behaviors in bacteria, including biofilm formation. NO detection and signaling in bacteria is typically mediated by hemoproteins such as the bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase YybT, the transcriptional regulator dissimilative nitrate respiration regulator, or heme-NO/oxygen binding (H-NOX) domains. H-NOX domains are well-characterized primary NO sensors that are capable of detecting nanomolar NO and influencing downstream signal transduction in many bacterial species. However, many bacteria, including the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respond to nanomolar concentrations of NO but do not contain an annotated H-NOX domain, indicating the existence of an additional nanomolar NO-sensing protein (NosP). Recent Advances: A newly discovered bacterial hemoprotein called NosP may also act as a primary NO sensor in bacteria, in addition to, or in place of, H-NOX. NosP was first described as a regulator of a histidine kinase signal transduction pathway that is involved in biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. CRITICAL ISSUES The molecular details of NO signaling in bacteria are still poorly understood. There are still many bacteria that are NO responsive but do encode either H-NOX or NosP domains in their genomes. Even among bacteria that encode H-NOX or NosP, many questions remain. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The molecular mechanisms of NO regulation in many bacteria remain to be established. Future studies are required to gain knowledge about the mechanism of NosP signaling. Advancements on structural and molecular understanding of heme-based sensors in bacteria could lead to strategies to alleviate or control bacterial biofilm formation or persistent biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa-Marie Nisbett
- 2 Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York
| | - Bezalel Bacon
- 2 Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York
| | - Elizabeth Boon
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York.,2 Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York.,3 Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Design, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York
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15
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A novel thermophilic hemoprotein scaffold for rational design of biocatalysts. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:1295-1307. [PMID: 30209579 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Hemoproteins are commonly found in nature, and involved in many important cellular processes such as oxygen transport, electron transfer, and catalysis. Rational design of hemoproteins can not only inspire novel biocatalysts but will also lead to a better understanding of structure-function relationships in native hemoproteins. Here, the heme nitric oxide/oxygen-binding protein from Caldanaerobacter subterraneus subsp. tengcongensis (TtH-NOX) is used as a novel scaffold for oxidation biocatalyst design. We show that signaling protein TtH-NOX can be reengineered to catalyze H2O2 decomposition and oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) by H2O2. In addition, the role of the distal tyrosine (Tyr140) in catalysis is investigated. The mutation of Tyr140 to alanine hinders the catalysis of the oxidation reactions. On the other hand, the mutation of Tyr140 to histidine, which is commonly observed in peroxidases, leads to a significant increase of the catalytic activity. Taken together, these results show that, while the distal histidine plays an important role in hemoprotein reactions with H2O2, it is not always essential for oxidation activity. We show that TtH-NOX protein can be used as an alternative scaffold for the design of novel biocatalysts with desired reactivity or functionality. H-NOX proteins are homologous to the nitric oxide sensor soluble guanylate cyclase. Here, we show that the gas sensor protein TtH-NOX shows limited capacity for catalysis of redox reactions and it can be used as a novel scaffold in biocatalysis design.
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16
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Peters S, Paolillo M, Mergia E, Koesling D, Kennel L, Schmidtko A, Russwurm M, Feil R. cGMP Imaging in Brain Slices Reveals Brain Region-Specific Activity of NO-Sensitive Guanylyl Cyclases (NO-GCs) and NO-GC Stimulators. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082313. [PMID: 30087260 PMCID: PMC6122017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired NO-cGMP signaling has been linked to several neurological disorders. NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO-GC), of which two isoforms—NO-GC1 and NO-GC2—are known, represents a promising drug target to increase cGMP in the brain. Drug-like small molecules have been discovered that work synergistically with NO to stimulate NO-GC activity. However, the effects of NO-GC stimulators in the brain are not well understood. In the present study, we used Förster/fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based real-time imaging of cGMP in acute brain slices and primary neurons of cGMP sensor mice to comparatively assess the activity of two structurally different NO-GC stimulators, IWP-051 and BAY 41-2272, in the cerebellum, striatum and hippocampus. BAY 41-2272 potentiated an elevation of cGMP induced by the NO donor DEA/NO in all tested brain regions. Interestingly, IWP-051 potentiated DEA/NO-induced cGMP increases in the cerebellum and striatum, but not in the hippocampal CA1 area or primary hippocampal neurons. The brain-region-selective activity of IWP-051 suggested that it might act in a NO-GC isoform-selective manner. Results of mRNA in situ hybridization indicated that the cerebellum and striatum express NO-GC1 and NO-GC2, while the hippocampal CA1 area expresses mainly NO-GC2. IWP-051-potentiated DEA/NO-induced cGMP signals in the striatum of NO-GC2 knockout mice but was ineffective in the striatum of NO-GC1 knockout mice. These results indicate that IWP-051 preferentially stimulates NO-GC1 signaling in brain slices. Interestingly, no evidence for an isoform-specific effect of IWP-051 was observed when the cGMP-forming activity of whole brain homogenates was measured. This apparent discrepancy suggests that the method and conditions of cGMP measurement can influence results with NO-GC stimulators. Nevertheless, it is clear that NO-GC stimulators enhance cGMP signaling in the brain and should be further developed for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Peters
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Michael Paolillo
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Evanthia Mergia
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Doris Koesling
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Lea Kennel
- Pharmakologisches Institut für Naturwissenschaftler, University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Pharmakologisches Institut für Naturwissenschaftler, University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Michael Russwurm
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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17
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Vasodilator effects and putative guanylyl cyclase stimulation by 2-nitro-1-phenylethanone and 2-nitro-2-phenyl-propane-1,3-diol on rat aorta. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 830:105-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Sömmer A, Sandner P, Behrends S. BAY 60–2770 activates two isoforms of nitric oxide sensitive guanylyl cyclase: Evidence for stable insertion of activator drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 147:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Petrie M, Rejeski WJ, Basu S, Laurienti PJ, Marsh AP, Norris JL, Kim-Shapiro DB, Burdette JH. Beet Root Juice: An Ergogenic Aid for Exercise and the Aging Brain. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1284-1289. [PMID: 28329785 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise has positive neuroplastic effects on the aging brain. It has also been shown that ingestion of beet root juice (BRJ) increases blood flow to the brain and enhances exercise performance. Here, we examined whether there are synergistic effects of BRJ and exercise on neuroplasticity in the aging brain. Methods Peak metabolic equivalent (MET) capacity and resting-state magnetic resonance imaging functional brain network organization are reported on 26 older (mean age = 65.4 years) participants randomly assigned to 6 weeks of exercise + BRJ or exercise + placebo. Results Somatomotor community structure consistency was significantly enhanced in the exercise + BRJ group following the intervention (MBRJ = -2.27, SE = 0.145, MPlacebo = -2.89, SE = 0.156, p = .007). Differences in second-order connections between the somatomotor cortex and insular cortex were also significant; the exercise + BRJ group (M = 3.28, SE = 0.167) had a significantly lower number of connections than exercise + placebo (M = 3.91, SE = 0.18, p = .017) following the intervention. Evaluation of peak MET capacity revealed a trend for the exercise + BRJ group to have higher MET capacity following the intervention. Conclusions Older adults who exercised and consumed BRJ demonstrated greater consistency within the motor community and fewer secondary connections with the insular cortex compared with those who exercised without BRJ. The exercise + BRJ group had brain networks that more closely resembled those of younger adults, showing the potential enhanced neuroplasticity conferred by combining exercise and BRJ consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - James L Norris
- Department of Mathematics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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20
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Bioelectrochemical monitoring of soluble guanylate cyclase inhibition by the natural β-carboline canthin-6-one. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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21
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Abstract
Low concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) modulate varied behaviours in bacteria including biofilm dispersal and quorum sensing-dependent light production. H-NOX (haem-nitric oxide/oxygen binding) is a haem-bound protein domain that has been shown to be involved in mediating these bacterial responses to NO in several organisms. However, many bacteria that respond to nanomolar concentrations of NO do not contain an annotated H-NOX domain. Nitric oxide sensing protein (NosP), a newly discovered bacterial NO-sensing haemoprotein, may fill this role. The focus of this review is to discuss structure, ligand binding, and activation of H-NOX proteins, as well as to discuss the early evidence for NO sensing and regulation by NosP domains. Further, these findings are connected to the regulation of bacterial biofilm phenotypes and symbiotic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bezalel Bacon
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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22
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Drug discovery targeting heme-based sensors and their coupled activities. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 167:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Montfort WR, Wales JA, Weichsel A. Structure and Activation of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase, the Nitric Oxide Sensor. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:107-121. [PMID: 26979942 PMCID: PMC5240008 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Soluble guanylyl/guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the primary receptor for nitric oxide (NO) and is central to the physiology of blood pressure regulation, wound healing, memory formation, and other key physiological activities. sGC is increasingly implicated in disease and is targeted by novel therapeutic compounds. The protein displays a rich evolutionary history and a fascinating signal transduction mechanism, with NO binding to an N-terminal heme-containing domain, which activates the C-terminal cyclase domains. Recent Advances: Crystal structures of individual sGC domains or their bacterial homologues coupled with small-angle x-ray scattering, electron microscopy, chemical cross-linking, and Förster resonance energy transfer measurements are yielding insight into the overall structure for sGC, which is elongated and likely quite dynamic. Transient kinetic measurements reveal a role for individual domains in lowering NO affinity for heme. New sGC stimulatory drugs are now in the clinic and appear to function through binding near or directly to the sGC heme domain, relieving inhibitory contacts with other domains. New sGC-activating drugs show promise for recovering oxidized sGC in diseases with high inflammation by replacing lost heme. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite the many recent advances, sGC regulation, NO activation, and mechanisms of drug binding remain unclear. Here, we describe the molecular evolution of sGC, new molecular models, and the linked equilibria between sGC NO binding, drug binding, and catalytic activity. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Recent results and ongoing studies lay the foundation for a complete understanding of structure and mechanism, and they open the door for new drug discovery targeting sGC. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 107-121.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Montfort
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jessica A Wales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Andrzej Weichsel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
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24
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Dulce RA, Kulandavelu S, Schulman IH, Fritsch J, Hare JM. Nitric Oxide Regulation of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology. Nitric Oxide 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804273-1.00024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Haem-based sensors have emerged during the last 15 years as being a large family of proteins that occur in all kingdoms of life. These sensors are responsible mainly for detecting binding of O2, CO and NO and reporting the ligation status to an output domain with an enzymatic or macromolecule-binding property. A myriad of biological functions have been associated with these sensors, which are involved in vasodilation, bacterial symbiosis, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, among others. Here, we critically review several bacterial systems for O2 sensing that are extensively studied in many respects, focusing on the lessons that are important to advance the field.
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26
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Koress C, Swan K, Kadowitz P. Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulators and Activators: Novel Therapies for Pulmonary Vascular Disease or a Different Method of Increasing cGMP? Curr Hypertens Rep 2016; 18:42. [PMID: 27118316 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-016-0645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressively worsening disorder characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance leading to increased afterload, right ventricular hypertrophy, and ultimately right heart failure and death. Current pharmacologic treatments primarily act to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and provide some benefit but do not cure PAH. Canonical vasodilator therapy involving the nitric oxide (NO)-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cGMP pathway has demonstrated efficacy, but in pathologic states, endothelial dysfunction within the pulmonary vasculature leads to the reduced synthesis and bioavailability of NO. Acting downstream of NO, sGC stimulators and activators restore the endogenous functions of NO and exploit the positive effects of sGC stimulation on various organ systems, including the heart. Riociguat (BAY 63-2521) is the first agent in a class of sGC stimulators to receive FDA approval for the treatment of PAH and chronic thromboembolic hypertension (CTEPH). Riociguat has demonstrated significant benefit as assessed by 6MWD, PVR, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, time to clinical worsening, World Health Organization (WHO) functional class, and other quality of life measures in clinical trials as a monotherapy and in combination with endothelin receptor antagonists or non-intravenous prostanoids. Riociguat is the first FDA-approved treatment option for inoperable or persistent CTEPH and adds a new effective drug to available treatment options for pulmonary hypertension (PH). The question of whether riociguat is superior to other available treatment options is unanswered at the present time and requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Koress
- Department of Pharmacology, 8683 School of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Kevin Swan
- Department of Pharmacology, 8683 School of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Philip Kadowitz
- Department of Pharmacology, 8683 School of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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27
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Cameron RB, Beeson CC, Schnellmann RG. Development of Therapeutics That Induce Mitochondrial Biogenesis for the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Degenerative Diseases. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10411-10434. [PMID: 27560192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have various roles in cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Because mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many acute and chronic degenerative diseases, mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) is a therapeutic target for treating such diseases. Here, we review the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in acute and chronic degenerative diseases and the cellular signaling pathways by which MB is induced. We then review existing work describing the development and application of drugs that induce MB in vitro and in vivo. In particular, we discuss natural products and modulators of transcription factors, kinases, cyclic nucleotides, and G protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Cameron
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , 280 Calhoun Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States.,College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona , 1295 N. Martin Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Craig C Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , 280 Calhoun Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , 280 Calhoun Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States.,College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona , 1295 N. Martin Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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28
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Ghosh C, Mukherjee S, Seal M, Dey SG. Peroxidase to Cytochrome b Type Transition in the Active Site of Heme-Bound Amyloid β Peptides Relevant to Alzheimer’s Disease. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:1748-57. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandradeep Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Manas Seal
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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29
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Hoffmann LS, Kretschmer A, Lawrenz B, Hocher B, Stasch JP. Chronic Activation of Heme Free Guanylate Cyclase Leads to Renal Protection in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145048. [PMID: 26717150 PMCID: PMC4700984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/cyclic guanosine monophasphate (cGMP)-signalling pathway is impaired under oxidative stress conditions due to oxidation and subsequent loss of the prosthetic sGC heme group as observed in particular in chronic renal failure. Thus, the pool of heme free sGC is increased under pathological conditions. sGC activators such as cinaciguat selectively activate the heme free form of sGC and target the disease associated enzyme. In this study, a therapeutic effect of long-term activation of heme free sGC by the sGC activator cinaciguat was investigated in an experimental model of salt-sensitive hypertension, a condition that is associated with increased oxidative stress, heme loss from sGC and development of chronic renal failure. For that purpose Dahl/ss rats, which develop severe hypertension upon high salt intake, were fed a high salt diet (8% NaCl) containing either placebo or cinaciguat for 21 weeks. Cinaciguat markedly improved survival and ameliorated the salt-induced increase in blood pressure upon treatment with cinaciguat compared to placebo. Renal function was significantly improved in the cinaciguat group compared to the placebo group as indicated by a significantly improved glomerular filtration rate and reduced urinary protein excretion. This was due to anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of the cinaciguat treatment. Taken together, this is the first study showing that long-term activation of heme free sGC leads to renal protection in an experimental model of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. These results underline the promising potential of cinaciguat to treat renal diseases by targeting the disease associated heme free form of sGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S. Hoffmann
- Pharma Research Centre, Bayer HealthCare, Wuppertal, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Axel Kretschmer
- Pharma Research Centre, Bayer HealthCare, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Bettina Lawrenz
- Pharma Research Centre, Bayer HealthCare, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Instute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany, and IFLb Laboratoriumsmedizin Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes-Peter Stasch
- Pharma Research Centre, Bayer HealthCare, Wuppertal, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle an der Saale, Germany
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30
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Thoonen R, Cauwels A, Decaluwe K, Geschka S, Tainsh RE, Delanghe J, Hochepied T, De Cauwer L, Rogge E, Voet S, Sips P, Karas RH, Bloch KD, Vuylsteke M, Stasch JP, Van de Voorde J, Buys ES, Brouckaert P. Cardiovascular and pharmacological implications of haem-deficient NO-unresponsive soluble guanylate cyclase knock-in mice. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8482. [PMID: 26442659 PMCID: PMC4699393 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a central mediator of cardiovascular disease, results in loss of the prosthetic haem group of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), preventing its activation by nitric oxide (NO). Here we introduce Apo-sGC mice expressing haem-free sGC. Apo-sGC mice are viable and develop hypertension. The haemodynamic effects of NO are abolished, but those of the sGC activator cinaciguat are enhanced in apo-sGC mice, suggesting that the effects of NO on smooth muscle relaxation, blood pressure regulation and inhibition of platelet aggregation require sGC activation by NO. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced hypotension and mortality are preserved in apo-sGC mice, indicating that pathways other than sGC signalling mediate the cardiovascular collapse in shock. Apo-sGC mice allow for differentiation between sGC-dependent and -independent NO effects and between haem-dependent and -independent sGC effects. Apo-sGC mice represent a unique experimental platform to study the in vivo consequences of sGC oxidation and the therapeutic potential of sGC activators. Haem-free, NO-insensitive soluble guanylate cyclase (apo-sGC) generated during oxidative stress contributes to cardiovascular pathology. By generating and characterizing apo-sGC knock-in mice, Thoonen et al. provide a scientific ground for the therapeutic concept of sGC activators, and dissect the relevance of the NO-sGC axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robrecht Thoonen
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology and Experimental Therapy, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anje Cauwels
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology and Experimental Therapy, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kelly Decaluwe
- Department of Pharmacology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Geschka
- Cardiovascular Research, Bayer Pharma AG, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Robert E Tainsh
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Biology, Ghent University Hospital, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tino Hochepied
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology and Experimental Therapy, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lode De Cauwer
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology and Experimental Therapy, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Rogge
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology and Experimental Therapy, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Voet
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology and Experimental Therapy, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Sips
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology and Experimental Therapy, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard H Karas
- Molecular Cardiology Research Center, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston Massachusetts 02111, USA
| | - Kenneth D Bloch
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Marnik Vuylsteke
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johannes-Peter Stasch
- Cardiovascular Research, Bayer Pharma AG, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Emmanuel S Buys
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Peter Brouckaert
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology and Experimental Therapy, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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31
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Smoleń S, Walaszek DJ, Karczewski M, Martin E, Gryko D. Towards NO-free Regulation of sGC: Design and Synthesis oftrans-AB-porphyrins. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201500019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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32
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Estancial CS, Rodrigues RL, De Nucci G, Antunes E, Mónica FZ. Pharmacological characterisation of the relaxation induced by the soluble guanylate cyclase activator, BAY 60-2770 in rabbit corpus cavernosum. BJU Int 2015; 116:657-64. [PMID: 25715977 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise the relaxation induced by the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activator, BAY 60-2770 (4-({(4-carboxybutyl) [2- (5-fluoro-2-{[4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)ethyl] amino}methyl)benzoic acid) in rabbit corpus cavernosum (CC). MATERIAL AND METHODS The penis from male New Zealand rabbits was removed and fours strips of CC were obtained. Concentration-response curves to BAY 60-2770 were constructed in the absence and presence of inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase, N (G)-nitro-L- arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 μm), sGC, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10 μm) and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5), tadalafil (0.1 μm). The potency (pEC50 ) and maximal response (Emax ) values were determined. Then, electrical-field stimulation (EFS)-induced contraction or relaxation was tested in the absence and presence of BAY 60-2770 (0.1 or 1 μm) alone or combined with ODQ (10 μm). For EFS-induced relaxation two protocols were used: (i) ODQ (10 μm) was first incubated for 20 min and then BAY 60-2770 (1 μm) was added for another 20 min (ODQ + BAY 60-2770); (ii) in different CC strips, BAY 60-2770 was incubated for 20 min followed by another 20 min with ODQ (BAY 60-2770 + ODQ). The intracellular levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were also determined. RESULTS BAY 60-2770 potently relaxed rabbit CC with mean (sem) pEC50 and Emax values of 7.58 (0.19) and 81 (4)%, respectively. The inhibitors ODQ (n = 7) or tadalafil (n = 7) produced 4.2- and 6.3-leftward shifts, respectively in BAY 60-2770-induced relaxation without interfering with the Emax values. The intracellular levels of cGMP were augmented after stimulation with BAY 60-2770 (1 μm) alone, whereas its co-incubation with ODQ produced even higher levels of cGMP. The EFS-induced contraction was reduced in the presence of BAY 60-2770 (1 μm) and this inhibition was even greater when BAY 60-2770 was co-incubated with ODQ. The nitrergic stimulation induced CC relaxation, which was abolished in the presence of ODQ. BAY 60-2770 alone increased the amplitude of relaxation. Co-incubation of ODQ and BAY 60-2770 did not alter the relaxation in comparison with ODQ alone. Interestingly, when BAY 60-2770 was incubated before ODQ, EFS-induced relaxation was partly restored in comparison with ODQ alone or ODQ + BAY 60-2770. CONCLUSIONS The relaxation induced by the sGC activator, BAY 60-2770 was increased after sGC oxidation and unaltered in the absence of nitric oxide. Thus, this class of substances may have advantages over sGC stimulators or PDE-5 inhibitors for treating patients with erectile dysfunction and extensive endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Estancial
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Renata L Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gilberto De Nucci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Z Mónica
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Domingos P, Prado AM, Wong A, Gehring C, Feijo JA. Nitric oxide: a multitasked signaling gas in plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:506-20. [PMID: 25680232 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous reactive oxygen species (ROS) that has evolved as a signaling hormone in many physiological processes in animals. In plants it has been demonstrated to be a crucial regulator of development, acting as a signaling molecule present at each step of the plant life cycle. NO has also been implicated as a signal in biotic and abiotic responses of plants to the environment. Remarkably, despite this plethora of effects and functional relationships, the fundamental knowledge of NO production, sensing, and transduction in plants remains largely unknown or inadequately characterized. In this review we cover the current understanding of NO production, perception, and action in different physiological scenarios. We especially address the issues of enzymatic and chemical generation of NO in plants, NO sensing and downstream signaling, namely the putative cGMP and Ca(2+) pathways, ion-channel activity modulation, gene expression regulation, and the interface with other ROS, which can have a profound effect on both NO accumulation and function. We also focus on the importance of NO in cell-cell communication during developmental processes and sexual reproduction, namely in pollen tube guidance and embryo sac fertilization, pathogen defense, and responses to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aloysius Wong
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Christoph Gehring
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jose A Feijo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, P-2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 0118 BioScience Research Building, College Park, MD 20742-5815, USA.
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Sharina IG, Sobolevsky M, Papakyriakou A, Rukoyatkina N, Spyroulias GA, Gambaryan S, Martin E. The fibrate gemfibrozil is a NO- and haem-independent activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase: in vitro studies. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2316-29. [PMID: 25536881 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fibrates are a class of drugs widely used to treat dyslipidaemias. They regulate lipid metabolism and act as PPARα agonists. Clinical trials demonstrate that besides changes in lipid profiles, fibrates decrease the incidence of cardiovascular events, with gemfibrozil exhibiting the most pronounced benefit. This study aims to characterize the effect of gemfibrozil on the activity and function of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), the key mediator of NO signalling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH High-throughput screening of a drug library identified gemfibrozil as a direct sGC activator. Activation of sGC is unique to gemfibrozil and is not shared by other fibrates. KEY RESULTS Gemfibrozil activated purified sGC, induced endothelium-independent relaxation of aortic rings and inhibited platelet aggregation. Gemfibrozil-dependent activation was absent when the sGC haem domain was deleted, but was significantly enhanced when sGC haem was lacking or oxidized. Oxidation of sGC haem enhanced the vasoactive and anti-platelet effects of gemfibrozil. Gemfibrozil competed with the haem-independent sGC activators ataciguat and cinaciguat. Computational modelling predicted that gemfibrozil occupies the space of the haem group and interacts with residues crucial for haem stabilization. This is consistent with structure-activity data which revealed an absolute requirement for gemfibrozil's carboxyl group. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that in addition to altered lipid and lipoprotein state, the cardiovascular preventive benefits of gemfibrozil may derive from direct activation and protection of sGC function. A sGC-directed action may explain the more pronounced cardiovascular benefit of gemfibrozil observed over other fibrates and some of the described side effects of gemfibrozil.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Sharina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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Papapetropoulos A, Hobbs AJ, Topouzis S. Extending the translational potential of targeting NO/cGMP-regulated pathways in the CVS. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1397-414. [PMID: 25302549 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of NO as both an endogenous signalling molecule and as a mediator of the cardiovascular effects of organic nitrates was acknowledged in 1998 by the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine. The characterization of its downstream signalling, mediated through stimulation of soluble GC (sGC) and cGMP generation, initiated significant translational interest, but until recently this was almost exclusively embodied by the use of PDE5 inhibitors in erectile dysfunction. Since then, research progress in two areas has contributed to an impressive expansion of the therapeutic targeting of the NO-sGC-cGMP axis: first, an increased understanding of the molecular events operating within this complex pathway and second, a better insight into its dys-regulation and uncoupling in human disease. Already-approved PDE5 inhibitors and novel, first-in-class molecules, which up-regulate the activity of sGC independently of NO and/or of the enzyme's haem prosthetic group, are undergoing clinical evaluation to treat pulmonary hypertension and myocardial failure. These molecules, as well as combinations or second-generation compounds, are also being assessed in additional experimental disease models and in patients in a wide spectrum of novel indications, such as endotoxic shock, diabetic cardiomyopathy and Becker's muscular dystrophy. There is well-founded optimism that the modulation of the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway will sustain the development of an increasing number of successful clinical candidates for years to come.
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Dasgupta A, Bowman L, D'Arsigny CL, Archer SL. Soluble guanylate cyclase: a new therapeutic target for pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2014; 97:88-102. [PMID: 25670386 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) activates soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) by binding its prosthetic heme group, thereby catalyzing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) synthesis. cGMP causes vasodilation and may inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and platelet aggregation. The NO-sGC-cGMP pathway is disordered in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a syndrome in which pulmonary vascular obstruction, inflammation, thrombosis, and constriction ultimately lead to death from right heart failure. Expression of sGC is increased in PAH but its function is reduced by decreased NO bioavailability, sGC oxidation and the related loss of sGC's heme group. Two classes of sGC modulators offer promise in PAH. sGC stimulators (e.g., riociguat) require heme-containing sGC to catalyze cGMP production, whereas sGC activators (e.g., cinaciguat) activate heme-free sGC. Riociguat is approved for PAH and yields functional and hemodynamic benefits similar to other therapies. Its main serious adverse effect is dose-dependent hypotension. Riociguat is also approved for inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Etherington Hall, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Wilkins MR, Aldashev AA, Wharton J, Rhodes CJ, Vandrovcova J, Kasperaviciute D, Bhosle SG, Mueller M, Geschka S, Rison S, Kojonazarov B, Morrell NW, Neidhardt I, Surmeli NB, Surmeli NB, Aitman TJ, Stasch JP, Behrends S, Marletta MA. α1-A680T variant in GUCY1A3 as a candidate conferring protection from pulmonary hypertension among Kyrgyz highlanders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:920-9. [PMID: 25373139 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human variation in susceptibility to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension is well recognized. High-altitude residents who do not develop pulmonary hypertension may host protective gene mutations. METHODS AND RESULTS Exome sequencing was conducted on 24 unrelated Kyrgyz highlanders living 2400 to 3800 m above sea level, 12 (10 men; mean age, 54 years) with an elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (mean±SD, 38.7±2.7 mm Hg) and 12 (11 men; mean age, 52 years) with a normal mean pulmonary artery pressure (19.2±0.6 mm Hg) to identify candidate genes that may influence the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia. A total of 140 789 exomic variants were identified and 26 116 (18.5%) were classified as novel or rare. Thirty-three novel or rare potential pathogenic variants (frameshift, essential splice-site, and nonsynonymous) were found exclusively in either ≥3 subjects with high-altitude pulmonary hypertension or ≥3 highlanders with a normal mean pulmonary artery pressure. A novel missense mutation in GUCY1A3 in 3 subjects with a normal mean pulmonary artery pressure encodes an α1-A680T soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) variant. Expression of the α1-A680T sGC variant in reporter cells resulted in higher cyclic guanosine monophosphate production compared with the wild-type enzyme and the purified α1-A680T sGC exhibited enhanced sensitivity to nitric oxide in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The α1-A680T sGC variant may contribute to protection against high-altitude pulmonary hypertension and supports sGC as a pharmacological target for reducing pulmonary artery pressure in humans at altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Wilkins
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.).
| | - Almaz A Aldashev
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.)
| | - John Wharton
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.)
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.)
| | - Jana Vandrovcova
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.)
| | - Dalia Kasperaviciute
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.)
| | - Shriram G Bhosle
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.)
| | - Michael Mueller
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.)
| | - Sandra Geschka
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.)
| | - Stuart Rison
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.)
| | - Baktybek Kojonazarov
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.)
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.)
| | - Inga Neidhardt
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.)
| | | | - Nur Basek Surmeli
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.)
| | - Tim J Aitman
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.)
| | - Johannes-Peter Stasch
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.)
| | - Soenke Behrends
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.)
| | - Michael A Marletta
- From the Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.R.W., J.W., C.J.R., S.R.); National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (A.A.A.); Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.V., T.J.A.); NIHR BRC Clinical Genome Informatics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.K., S.G.B., M.M.); Cardiology Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (S.G., J.-P.S.); Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany (J.-P.S.); Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany (B.K.); Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig-Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany (I.N., S.B.); and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (N.B.S., M.A.M.)
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Wang S, Shao B, Lu W, Hong J, Rao P. Isolation of a trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor and its functional properties. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 44:545-57. [PMID: 24499360 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2013.835733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel trypsin inhibitor with thermal and pH stability, designated Merrtine, was isolated from Glycine max L. merr. The procedure involved ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50, and affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel. The 20 N-terminal amino acid sequences were determined to be DEYSKPCCDLCMCTRRCPPQ, demonstrating high homology with the sequence of Bowman-Birk type trypsin inhibitors. The molecular mass and isoelectric point of the inhibitor were estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and isoelectric focusing to be 20.0 kD and 5.8, respectively. Trypsin could be completely inhibited by Merrtine when the molar ratio was 8.1. The inhibitory activity of Merrtine was unaffected after exposure to temperatures up to 85 °C, as well as within the pH range 2-12. Besides inhibiting trypsin-chymotrypsin, the inhibitor demonstrated additional antifungal activity against the species of Alternaria alternate, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium aphanidermatum, Physalospora piricola, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium solani. We herein report not only the trypsin inhibitor's extraction and isolation for the first time, but also its physiochemical and antifungal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyun Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , People's Republic of China
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39
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Purohit R, Fritz BG, The J, Issaian A, Weichsel A, David CL, Campbell E, Hausrath AC, Rassouli-Taylor L, Garcin ED, Gage MJ, Montfort WR. YC-1 binding to the β subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase overcomes allosteric inhibition by the α subunit. Biochemistry 2013; 53:101-14. [PMID: 24328155 DOI: 10.1021/bi4015133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a heterodimeric heme protein and the primary nitric oxide receptor. NO binding stimulates cyclase activity, leading to regulation of cardiovascular physiology and making sGC an attractive target for drug discovery. YC-1 and related compounds stimulate sGC both independently and synergistically with NO and CO binding; however, where the compounds bind and how they work remain unknown. Using linked equilibrium binding measurements, surface plasmon resonance, and domain truncations in Manduca sexta and bovine sGC, we demonstrate that YC-1 binds near or directly to the heme-containing domain of the β subunit. In the absence of CO, YC-1 binds with a Kd of 9-21 μM, depending on the construct. In the presence of CO, these values decrease to 0.6-1.1 μM. Pfizer compound 25 bound ∼10-fold weaker than YC-1 in the absence of CO, whereas compound BAY 41-2272 bound particularly tightly in the presence of CO (Kd = 30-90 nM). Additionally, we found that CO binds much more weakly to heterodimeric sGC proteins (Kd = 50-100 μM) than to the isolated heme domain (Kd = 0.2 μM for Manduca β H-NOX/PAS). YC-1 greatly enhanced binding of CO to heterodimeric sGC, as expected (Kd ∼ 1 μM). These data indicate the α subunit induces a heme pocket conformation with a lower affinity for CO and NO. YC-1 family compounds bind near the heme domain, overcoming the α subunit effect and inducing a heme pocket conformation with high affinity. We propose this high-affinity conformation is required for the full-length protein to achieve high catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Purohit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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40
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Lasker GF, Pankey EA, Kadowitz PJ. Modulation of soluble guanylate cyclase for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Physiology (Bethesda) 2013; 28:262-9. [PMID: 23817801 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00001.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is the principal mediator of penile erection, and PDE-5 inhibitors are the first-line agents used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). When NO formation or bioavailability is decreased by oxidative stress and PDE-5 inhibitors are no longer effective, a new class of agents called soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulators like BAY 41-8543 will induce erection. sGC stimulators bind to the normally reduced, NO-sensitive form of sGC to increase cGMP formation and promote erection. The sGC stimulators produce normal erectile responses when NO formation is inhibited and the nerves innervating the corpora cavernosa are damaged. However, with severe oxidative stress, the heme iron on sGC can be oxidized, rendering the enzyme unresponsive to NO or sGC stimulators. In this pathophysiological situation, another newly developed class of agents called sGC activators can increase the catalytic activity of the oxidized enzyme, increase cGMP formation, and promote erection. The use of newer agents that stimulate or activate sGC to promote erection and treat ED is discussed in this brief review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- George F Lasker
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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41
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Rekowski MVW, Kumar V, Zhou Z, Moschner J, Marazioti A, Bantzi M, Spyroulias GA, van den Akker F, Giannis A, Papapetropoulos A. Insights into soluble guanylyl cyclase activation derived from improved heme-mimetics. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8948-8952. [PMID: 24090476 PMCID: PMC3902542 DOI: 10.1021/jm400539d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the structure of BAY 58-2667 bound to the Nostoc sp. H-NOX domain was published. On the basis of this structural information, we designed BAY 58-2667 derivatives and tested their effects on soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activity. Derivative 20 activated sGC 4.8-fold more than BAY 58-2667. Co-crystallization of 20 with the Ns H-NOX domain revealed that the increased conformational distortion at the C-terminal region of αF helix containing 110-114 residues contributes to the higher activation triggered by 20.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zongmin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Patras, Greece
- “G.P.Livanos-M.Simou” Laboratories, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Johann Moschner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antonia Marazioti
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Marina Bantzi
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georgios A. Spyroulias
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Focco van den Akker
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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42
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Nitric oxide-sensing H-NOX proteins govern bacterial communal behavior. Trends Biochem Sci 2013; 38:566-75. [PMID: 24113192 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heme-nitric oxide/oxygen binding (H-NOX) domains function as sensors for the gaseous signaling agent nitric oxide (NO) in eukaryotes and bacteria. Mammalian NO signaling is well characterized and involves the H-NOX domain of soluble guanylate cyclase. In bacteria, H-NOX proteins interact with bacterial signaling proteins in two-component signaling systems or in cyclic-di-GMP metabolism. Characterization of several downstream signaling processes has shown that bacterial H-NOX proteins share a common role in controlling important bacterial communal behaviors in response to NO. The H-NOX pathways regulate motility, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and symbiosis. Here, we review the latest structural and mechanistic studies that have elucidated how H-NOX domains selectively bind NO and transduce ligand binding into conformational changes that modulate activity of signaling partners. Furthermore, we summarize the recent advances in understanding the physiological function and biochemical details of the H-NOX signaling pathways.
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43
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Purohit R, Weichsel A, Montfort WR. Crystal structure of the Alpha subunit PAS domain from soluble guanylyl cyclase. Protein Sci 2013; 22:1439-44. [PMID: 23934793 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a heterodimeric heme protein of ≈ 150 kDa and the primary nitric oxide receptor. Binding of NO stimulates cyclase activity, leading to regulation of cardiovascular physiology and providing attractive opportunities for drug discovery. How sGC is stimulated and where candidate drugs bind remains unknown. The α and β sGC chains are each composed of Heme-Nitric Oxide Oxygen (H-NOX), Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS), coiled-coil and cyclase domains. Here, we present the crystal structure of the α1 PAS domain to 1.8 Å resolution. The structure reveals the binding surfaces of importance to heterodimer function, particularly with respect to regulating NO binding to heme in the β1 H-NOX domain. It also reveals a small internal cavity that may serve to bind ligands or participate in signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Purohit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721
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44
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Follmann M, Griebenow N, Hahn MG, Hartung I, Mais FJ, Mittendorf J, Schäfer M, Schirok H, Stasch JP, Stoll F, Straub A. The chemistry and biology of soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators and activators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9442-62. [PMID: 23963798 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The vasodilatory properties of nitric oxide (NO) have been utilized in pharmacotherapy for more than 130 years. Still today, NO-donor drugs are important in the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, inhaled NO or drugs releasing NO and organic nitrates are associated with noteworthy therapeutic shortcomings, including resistance to NO in some disease states, the development of tolerance during long-term treatment, and nonspecific effects, such as post-translational modification of proteins. The beneficial actions of NO are mediated by stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a heme-containing enzyme which produces the intracellular signaling molecule cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Recently, two classes of compounds have been discovered that amplify the function of sGC in a NO-independent manner, the so-called sGC stimulators and sGC activators. The most advanced drug, the sGC stimulator riociguat, has successfully undergone Phase III clinical trials for different forms of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Follmann
- Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft, Global Drug Discovery, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany.
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45
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Follmann M, Griebenow N, Hahn MG, Hartung I, Mais FJ, Mittendorf J, Schäfer M, Schirok H, Stasch JP, Stoll F, Straub A. Chemie und Biologie der Stimulatoren und Aktivatoren der löslichen Guanylatcyclase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Helms C, Kim-Shapiro DB. Hemoglobin-mediated nitric oxide signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:464-72. [PMID: 23624304 PMCID: PMC3849136 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rate that hemoglobin reacts with nitric oxide (NO) is limited by how fast NO can diffuse into the heme pocket. The reaction is as fast as any ligand/protein reaction can be and the result, when hemoglobin is in its oxygenated form, is formation of nitrate in what is known as the dioxygenation reaction. As nitrate, at the concentrations made through the dioxygenation reaction, is biologically inert, the only role hemoglobin was once thought to play in NO signaling was to inhibit it. However, there are now several mechanisms that have been discovered by which hemoglobin may preserve, control, and even create NO activity. These mechanisms involve compartmentalization of reacting species and conversion of NO from or into other species such as nitrosothiols or nitrite which could transport NO activity. Despite the tremendous amount of work devoted to this field, major questions concerning precise mechanisms of NO activity preservation as well as if and how Hb creates NO activity remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Helms
- Department of Physics and Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics and Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
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47
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Pal B, Tanaka K, Takenaka S, Shaik TB, Kitagawa T. Structural characterization of nitric oxide-bound soluble Guanylate Cyclase using resonance Raman spectroscopy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424613500375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian soluble Guanylate Cyclase (sGC), working as a physiological NO receptor, is investigated using resonance Raman spectroscopy for NO bound states with different saturation levels in the presence and absence of effectors. The Fe–NO (νFe–NO) and N–O (νN-O) stretching bands appeared at 521 and 1681 cm-1, respectively, without effectors, but νN-O was split into 1681 and 1699 cm-1 in the presence of GTP and shifted to 1687 cm-1 in the presence of YC-1 or BAY 41-2272, while νFe-NO remained unaltered. The split two νN-O bands were independent of NO saturation levels. GTP or YC-1/BAY 41-2272 altered the vinyl and propionate bending modes from 423 to 399 cm-1 and 376 to 367 cm-1, respectively. Based on these observations, allosteric effects on NO …protein interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Pal
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Katsuhiro Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 593-8531, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takenaka
- Department of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 593-8531, Japan
| | - Tajith B. Shaik
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Teizo Kitagawa
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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48
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COSYNS SMR, DHAESE I, THOONEN R, BUYS ES, VRAL A, BROUCKAERT P, LEFEBVRE RA. Heme deficiency of soluble guanylate cyclase induces gastroparesis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:e339-52. [PMID: 23551931 PMCID: PMC4932850 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the principal target of nitric oxide (NO) to control gastrointestinal motility. The consequence on nitrergic signaling and gut motility of inducing a heme-free status of sGC, as induced by oxidative stress, was investigated. METHODS sGCβ1 (H105F) knock-in (apo-sGC) mice, which express heme-free sGC that has basal activity, but cannot be stimulated by NO, were generated. KEY RESULTS Diethylenetriamine NONOate did not increase sGC activity in gastrointestinal tissue of apo-sGC mice. Exogenous NO did not induce relaxation in fundic, jejunal and colonic strips, and pyloric rings of apo-sGC mice. The stomach was enlarged in apo-sGC mice with hypertrophy of the muscularis externa of the fundus and pylorus. In addition, gastric emptying and intestinal transit were delayed and whole-gut transit time was increased in the apo-sGC mice, while distal colonic transit time was maintained. The nitrergic relaxant responses to electrical field stimulation at 1-4 Hz were abolished in fundic and jejunal strips from apo-sGC mice, but in pyloric rings and colonic strips, only the response at 1 Hz was abolished, indicating the contribution of other transmitters than NO. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The results indicate that the gastrointestinal consequences of switching from a native sGC to a heme-free sGC, which cannot be stimulated by NO, are most pronounced at the level of the stomach establishing a pivotal role of the activation of sGC by NO in normal gastric functioning. In addition, delayed intestinal transit was observed, indicating that nitrergic activation of sGC also plays a role in the lower gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. R. COSYNS
- Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - I. DHAESE
- Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R. THOONEN
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Tufts Medical Center, Molecular Cardiology Research Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E. S. BUYS
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A. VRAL
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P. BROUCKAERT
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R. A. LEFEBVRE
- Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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49
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Mukherjee S, Dey SG. Heme Bound Amylin: Spectroscopic Characterization, Reactivity, and Relevance to Type 2 Diabetes. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:5226-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4001413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India 700032
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India 700032
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50
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Kagota S, Maruyama K, Tada Y, Fukushima K, Umetani K, Wakuda H, Shinozuka K. Chronic oxidative-nitrosative stress impairs coronary vasodilation in metabolic syndrome model rats. Microvasc Res 2013; 88:70-8. [PMID: 23571030 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of clinical disorders that together increase the risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. SHRSP.Z-Lepr(fa)/IzmDmcr (SHRSP.ZF) rats with MetS show impaired nitric oxide-mediated relaxation in coronary and mesenteric arteries, and angiotensin II receptor type 1 blockers protect against dysfunction and oxidative-nitrosative stress independently of metabolic effects. We hypothesize that superoxide contributes to functional deterioration in SHRSP.ZF rats. To test our hypothesis, we studied effects of treatment with tempol, a membrane-permeable radical scavenger, on impaired vasodilation in SHRSP.ZF rats. Tempol did not alter body weight, high blood pressure, or metabolic abnormalities, but prevented impairment of acetylcholine-induced and nitroprusside-induced vasodilation in the coronary and mesenteric arteries. Furthermore, tempol reduced the levels of serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and 3-nitrotyrosine content in mesenteric arteries. Systemic administration of tempol elevated the expression of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) above basal levels in mesenteric arteries of SHRSP.ZF rats. However, acute treatment with tempol or ebselen, a peroxynitrite scavenger, did not ameliorate impaired relaxation of isolated mesenteric arteries. No nitration of tyrosine residues in sGC was observed; however, sGC mRNA expression levels in the arteries of SHRSP.ZF rats were lower than those in the arteries of Wistar-Kyoto rats. Levels of Thr(496)- and Ser(1177)-phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were lower in arteries of SHRSP.ZF rats, and acetylcholine decreased Thr(496)-phosphorylated eNOS levels. These results indicated that prolonged superoxide production, leading to oxidative-nitrosative stress, was associated with impaired vasodilation in SHRSP.ZF rats with MetS. Down-regulated sGC expression may be linked to dysfunction, while reduced NO bioavailability/eNOS activity and modified sGC activity due to superoxide production were excluded as pivotal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kagota
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.
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