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Munezero D, Aliff H, Salido E, Saravanan T, Sanzhaeva U, Guan T, Ramamurthy V. HSP90α is needed for the survival of rod photoreceptors and regulates the expression of rod PDE6 subunits. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104809. [PMID: 37172722 PMCID: PMC10250166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is an abundant molecular chaperone that regulates the stability of a small set of proteins essential in various cellular pathways. Cytosolic HSP90 has two closely related paralogs: HSP90α and HSP90β. Due to the structural and sequence similarities of cytosolic HSP90 paralogs, identifying the unique functions and substrates in the cell remains challenging. In this article, we assessed the role of HSP90α in the retina using a novel HSP90α murine knockout model. Our findings show that HSP90α is essential for rod photoreceptor function but was dispensable in cone photoreceptors. In the absence of HSP90α, photoreceptors developed normally. We observed rod dysfunction in HSP90α knockout at 2 months with the accumulation of vacuolar structures, apoptotic nuclei, and abnormalities in the outer segments. The decline in rod function was accompanied by progressive degeneration of rod photoreceptors that was complete at 6 months. The deterioration in cone function and health was a "bystander effect" that followed the degeneration of rods. Tandem mass tag proteomics showed that HSP90α regulates the expression levels of <1% of the retinal proteome. More importantly, HSP90α was vital in maintaining rod PDE6 and AIPL1 cochaperone levels in rod photoreceptor cells. Interestingly, cone PDE6 levels were unaffected. The robust expression of HSP90β paralog in cones likely compensates for the loss of HSP90α. Overall, our study demonstrated the critical need for HSP90α chaperone in the maintenance of rod photoreceptors and showed potential substrates regulated by HSP90α in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Munezero
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Hunter Aliff
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ezequiel Salido
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Thamaraiselvi Saravanan
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Urikhan Sanzhaeva
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Tongju Guan
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Visvanathan Ramamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
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Tran MT, Okusha Y, Htike K, Sogawa C, Eguchi T, Kadowaki T, Sakai E, Tsukuba T, Okamoto K. HSP90 drives the Rab11a-mediated vesicular transport of the cell surface receptors in osteoclasts. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:838-855. [PMID: 36111708 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rab11a, which ubiquitously localizes to early and recycling endosomes, is required for regulating the vesicular transport of cellular cargos. Interestingly, our previous study revealed that Rab11a served as a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis by facilitating the lysosomal proteolysis of (1) colony-stimulating factor-1 (c-fms) receptor and (2) receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) receptor, thereby resulting in inhibition of osteoclast (OC) differentiation, maturation, and bone-resorbing activity. However, the molecular mechanisms of how Rab11a negatively affected osteoclastogenesis were largely unknown. Heat shock protein (HSP90), including two isoforms HSP90α and HSP90β, necessitates the stability, maturation, and activity of a broad range of its clients, and is essentially required for a vast array of signal transduction pathways in nonstressful conditions. Furthermore, cumulative evidence suggests that HSP90 is a vital element of the vesicular transport network. Indeed, our recent study revealed that HSP90, a novel effector protein of Rab11b, modulated Rab11b-mediated osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we also found that Rab11a interacted with both HSP90α and HSP90β in OCs. Upon blockade of HSP90 ATPase activity by a specific inhibitor(17-allylamino-demethoxygeldanamycin), we showed that (1) the ATPase domain of HSP90 was a prerequisite for the interaction between HSP90 and Rab11a, and (2) the interaction of HSP90 to Rab11a sufficiently maintained the inhibitory effects of Rab11a on osteoclastogenesis. Altogether, our findings undoubtedly indicate a novel role of HSP90 in regulating Rab11a-mediated osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Tien Tran
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuka Okusha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kaung Htike
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chiharu Sogawa
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takanori Eguchi
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kadowaki
- Department of Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Eiko Sakai
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tsukuba
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Okamoto
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Eguchi T, Sogawa C, Ono K, Matsumoto M, Tran MT, Okusha Y, Lang BJ, Okamoto K, Calderwood SK. Cell Stress Induced Stressome Release Including Damaged Membrane Vesicles and Extracellular HSP90 by Prostate Cancer Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030755. [PMID: 32204513 PMCID: PMC7140686 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells exhibit therapeutic stress resistance-associated secretory phenotype involving extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as oncosomes and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Such a secretory phenotype occurs in response to cell stress and cancer therapeutics. HSPs are stress-responsive molecular chaperones promoting proper protein folding, while also being released from cells with EVs as well as a soluble form known as alarmins. We have here investigated the secretory phenotype of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells using proteome analysis. We have also examined the roles of the key co-chaperone CDC37 in the release of EV proteins including CD9 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key event in tumor progression. EVs derived from CRPC cells promoted EMT in normal prostate epithelial cells. Some HSP family members and their potential receptor CD91/LRP1 were enriched at high levels in CRPC cell-derived EVs among over 700 other protein types found by mass spectrometry. The small EVs (30-200 nm in size) were released even in a non-heated condition from the prostate cancer cells, whereas the EMT-coupled release of EVs (200-500 nm) and damaged membrane vesicles with associated HSP90α was increased after heat shock stress (HSS). GAPDH and lactate dehydrogenase, a marker of membrane leakage/damage, were also found in conditioned media upon HSS. During this stress response, the intracellular chaperone CDC37 was transcriptionally induced by heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which activated the CDC37 core promoter, containing an interspecies conserved heat shock element. In contrast, knockdown of CDC37 decreased EMT-coupled release of CD9-containing vesicles. Triple siRNA targeting CDC37, HSP90α, and HSP90β was required for efficient reduction of this chaperone trio and to reduce tumorigenicity of the CRPC cells in vivo. Taken together, we define "stressome" as cellular stress-induced all secretion products, including EVs (200-500 nm), membrane-damaged vesicles and remnants, and extracellular HSP90 and GAPDH. Our data also indicated that CDC37 is crucial for the release of vesicular proteins and tumor progression in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Eguchi
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (C.S.); (M.T.T.); (Y.O.); (K.O.)
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.E.); (S.K.C.); Tel.: +81-86-235-6662 (T.E.); +1-617-735-2947 (S.K.C.)
| | - Chiharu Sogawa
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (C.S.); (M.T.T.); (Y.O.); (K.O.)
| | - Kisho Ono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-0914, Japan;
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Manh Tien Tran
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (C.S.); (M.T.T.); (Y.O.); (K.O.)
| | - Yuka Okusha
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (C.S.); (M.T.T.); (Y.O.); (K.O.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Benjamin J. Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Kuniaki Okamoto
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (C.S.); (M.T.T.); (Y.O.); (K.O.)
| | - Stuart K. Calderwood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Correspondence: (T.E.); (S.K.C.); Tel.: +81-86-235-6662 (T.E.); +1-617-735-2947 (S.K.C.)
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4
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Avolio R, Matassa DS, Criscuolo D, Landriscina M, Esposito F. Modulation of Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming and Oxidative Stress to Overcome Chemoresistance in Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E135. [PMID: 31947673 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, carried out by cancer cells to rapidly adapt to stress such as hypoxia and limited nutrient conditions, is an emerging concepts in tumor biology, and is now recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer. In contrast with conventional views, based on the classical Warburg effect, these metabolic alterations require fully functional mitochondria and finely-tuned regulations of their activity. In turn, the reciprocal regulation of the metabolic adaptations of cancer cells and the microenvironment critically influence disease progression and response to therapy. This is also realized through the function of specific stress-adaptive proteins, which are able to relieve oxidative stress, inhibit apoptosis, and facilitate the switch between metabolic pathways. Among these, the molecular chaperone tumor necrosis factor receptor associated protein 1 (TRAP1), the most abundant heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) family member in mitochondria, is particularly relevant because of its role as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor, depending on the metabolic features of the specific tumor. This review highlights the interplay between metabolic reprogramming and cancer progression, and the role of mitochondrial activity and oxidative stress in this setting, examining the possibility of targeting pathways of energy metabolism as a therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance, with particular emphasis on natural compounds and inhibitors of mitochondrial HSP90s.
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5
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Dai Y, Schlanger S, Haque MM, Misra S, Stuehr DJ. Heat shock protein 90 regulates soluble guanylyl cyclase maturation by a dual mechanism. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12880-12891. [PMID: 31311859 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is a heterodimer composed of an α subunit and a heme-containing β subunit. It participates in signaling by generating cGMP in response to nitric oxide (NO). Heme insertion into the β1 subunit of sGC (sGCβ) is critical for function, and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) associates with heme-free sGCβ (apo-sGCβ) to drive its heme insertion. Here, we tested the accuracy and relevance of a modeled apo-sGCβ-HSP90 complex by constructing sGCβ variants predicted to have an impaired interaction with HSP90. Using site-directed mutagenesis, purified recombinant proteins, mammalian cell expression, and fluorescence approaches, we found that (i) three regions in apo-sGCβ predicted by the model mediate direct complex formation with HSP90 both in vitro and in mammalian cells; (ii) such HSP90 complex formation directly correlates with the extent of heme insertion into apo-sGCβ and with cyclase activity; and (iii) apo-sGCβ mutants possessing an HSP90-binding defect instead bind to sGCα in cells and form inactive, heme-free sGC heterodimers. Our findings uncover the molecular features of the cellular apo-sGCβ-HSP90 complex and reveal its dual importance in enabling heme insertion while preventing inactive heterodimer formation during sGC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dai
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Simon Schlanger
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Mohammad Mahfuzul Haque
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Saurav Misra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Dennis J Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.
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6
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Kokh DB, Kaufmann T, Kister B, Wade RC. Machine Learning Analysis of τRAMD Trajectories to Decipher Molecular Determinants of Drug-Target Residence Times. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:36. [PMID: 31179286 PMCID: PMC6543870 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-target residence times can impact drug efficacy and safety, and are therefore increasingly being considered during lead optimization. For this purpose, computational methods to predict residence times, τ, for drug-like compounds and to derive structure-kinetic relationships are desirable. A challenge for approaches based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is the fact that drug residence times are typically orders of magnitude longer than computationally feasible simulation times. Therefore, enhanced sampling methods are required. We recently reported one such approach: the τRAMD procedure for estimating relative residence times by performing a large number of random acceleration MD (RAMD) simulations in which ligand dissociation occurs in times of about a nanosecond due to the application of an additional randomly oriented force to the ligand. The length of the RAMD simulations is used to deduce τ. The RAMD simulations also provide information on ligand egress pathways and dissociation mechanisms. Here, we describe a machine learning approach to systematically analyze protein-ligand binding contacts in the RAMD trajectories in order to derive regression models for estimating τ and to decipher the molecular features leading to longer τ values. We demonstrate that the regression models built on the protein-ligand interaction fingerprints of the dissociation trajectories result in robust estimates of τ for a set of 94 drug-like inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), even for the compounds for which the length of the RAMD trajectories does not provide a good estimation of τ. Thus, we find that machine learning helps to overcome inaccuracies in the modeling of protein-ligand complexes due to incomplete sampling or force field deficiencies. Moreover, the approach facilitates the identification of features important for residence time. In particular, we observed that interactions of the ligand with the sidechain of F138, which is located on the border between the ATP binding pocket and a hydrophobic transient sub-pocket, play a key role in slowing compound dissociation. We expect that the combination of the τRAMD simulation procedure with machine learning analysis will be generally applicable as an aid to target-based lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria B Kokh
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tom Kaufmann
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bastian Kister
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Wade
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany.,Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Dagar M, Singh JP, Dagar G, Tyagi RK, Bagchi G. Phosphorylation of HSP90 by protein kinase A is essential for the nuclear translocation of androgen receptor. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8699-8710. [PMID: 30992362 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is often activated in prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen-ablative therapy because of the activation of cellular pathways that stimulate the AR despite low androgen levels. In many of these tumors, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) pathway is activated. Previous studies have shown that PKA can synergize with low levels of androgen to enhance androgen signaling and consequent cell proliferation, leading to castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, the mechanism by which PKA causes AR stimulation in the presence of low/no androgen is not established yet. Here, using immunofluorescence immunoblotting assays, co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA-mediated gene silencing, and reporter gene assays, we demonstrate that PKA activation is necessary for the phosphorylation of heat shock protein (HSP90) that binds to unliganded AR in the cytoplasm, restricting its entry into the nucleus. We also found that PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the Thr89 residue in HSP90 releases AR from HSP90, enabling AR binding to HSP27 and its migration into the nucleus. Substitution of the Thr89 in HSP90 prevented its phosphorylation by PKA and significantly reduced AR transactivation and cellular proliferation. We further observed that the transcription of AR target genes, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), is also lowered in the HSP90 Thr89 variant. These results suggest that using a small-molecule inhibitor against the HSP90 Thr89 residue in conjunction with existing androgen-ablative therapy may be more effective than androgen-ablative therapy alone in the treatment of prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Dagar
- From the Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon 122413, India and
| | - Julie Pratibha Singh
- From the Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon 122413, India and
| | - Gunjan Dagar
- From the Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon 122413, India and
| | - Rakesh K Tyagi
- the Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Gargi Bagchi
- From the Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon 122413, India and
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8
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Trotman JB, Agana BA, Giltmier AJ, Wysocki VH, Schoenberg DR. RNA-binding proteins and heat-shock protein 90 are constituents of the cytoplasmic capping enzyme interactome. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16596-16607. [PMID: 30166341 PMCID: PMC6204893 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The N7-methylguanosine cap is added in the nucleus early in gene transcription and is a defining feature of eukaryotic mRNAs. Mammalian cells also possess cytoplasmic machinery for restoring the cap at uncapped or partially degraded RNA 5' ends. Central to both pathways is capping enzyme (CE) (RNA guanylyltransferase and 5'-phosphatase (RNGTT)), a bifunctional, nuclear and cytoplasmic enzyme. CE is recruited to the cytoplasmic capping complex by binding of a C-terminal proline-rich sequence to the third Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of NCK adapter protein 1 (NCK1). To gain broader insight into the cellular context of cytoplasmic recapping, here we identified the protein interactome of cytoplasmic CE in human U2OS cells through two complementary approaches: chemical cross-linking and recovery with cytoplasmic CE and protein screening with proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID). This strategy unexpectedly identified 66 proteins, 52 of which are RNA-binding proteins. We found that CE interacts with several of these proteins independently of RNA, mediated by sequences within its N-terminal triphosphatase domain, and we present a model describing how CE-binding proteins may function in defining recapping targets. This analysis also revealed that CE is a client protein of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Nuclear and cytoplasmic CEs were exquisitely sensitive to inhibition of HSP90, with both forms declining significantly following treatment with each of several HSP90 inhibitors. Importantly, steady-state levels of capped mRNAs decreased in cells treated with the HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin, raising the possibility that the cytotoxic effect of these drugs may partially be due to a general reduction in translatable mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson B Trotman
- From the Center for RNA Biology
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, and
| | - Bernice A Agana
- From the Center for RNA Biology
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Andrew J Giltmier
- From the Center for RNA Biology
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, and
| | - Vicki H Wysocki
- From the Center for RNA Biology
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Daniel R Schoenberg
- From the Center for RNA Biology,
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, and
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9
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Obermann WMJ. A motif in HSP90 and P23 that links molecular chaperones to efficient estrogen receptor α methylation by the lysine methyltransferase SMYD2. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16479-16487. [PMID: 30190324 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone that supervises folding of cellular signaling proteins such as steroid receptors and many protein kinases. HSP90 relies on ATP hydrolysis for powering a conformational circuit that helps fold the client protein. To that end, HSP90 binds to co-chaperone proteins that regulate ATP hydrolysis rate or interaction with client proteins. Co-chaperones such as P23, cell division cycle 37 (CDC37), or activator of HSP90 ATPase activity 1 (AHA1) interact with the N-terminal or middle domain of HSP90, whereas others, such as HSP70/HSP90-organizing protein (HOP), use tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains to bind the EEVD motif at the very C-terminal end of HSP90. Recently, the lysine methyltransferase SET and MYND domain-containing 2 (SMYD2) has been proposed as an HSP90-binding partner, and interaction analyses indicate that SMYD2 binding to HSP90 is independent of the EEVD motif. Using the amplified luminescence proximity homogeneous assay (Alpha) technique, I identified a new (M/I/L/V)PXL motif at the C termini of HSP90 and P23 that mediates an interaction with SMYD2, and synthetic peptides harboring this motif dissociated this complex. Of note, the HSP90- and P23-dependent client estrogen receptor α (ERα), was a major methylation target of SMYD2. In a reconstituted system in bacteria, I analyzed HSP90/P23-associated, SMYD2-mediated ERα methylation and found that when SMYD2 binds to the molecular chaperones, it considerably increases methylation of Lys-266 in ERα. Because methylation represses ERα activity, the observed complex formation between SMYD2 and HSP90/P23 may contribute to ERα regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang M J Obermann
- From the Department of Systems Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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10
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Belalcazar A, Shaib WL, Farren MR, Zhang C, Chen Z, Yang L, Lesinski GB, El-Rayes BF, Nagaraju GP. Inhibiting heat shock protein 90 and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway impairs metabolic homeostasis and leads to cell death in human pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer 2017; 123:4924-4933. [PMID: 28841232 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway play crucial roles in the homeostasis of pancreatic cancer cells. This study combined for the first time the HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib (Gan) and the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib (Carf) to target key mechanisms of homeostasis in pancreatic cancer. It was hypothesized that Gan plus Carf would elicit potent antitumor activity by modulating complementary homeostatic processes. METHODS In vitro and in vivo effects of this combination on mechanisms of cell growth and viability were evaluated with human pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIA PaCa-2 and HPAC). RESULTS Combined treatment with Gan and Carf significantly decreased cell viability. The mechanism varied by cell line and involved G2 -M cell-cycle arrest accompanied by a consistent reduction in key cell-cycle regulatory proteins and concomitant upregulation of p27. Further studies revealed increased autophagy markers, including the upregulation of autophagy related 7 and light chain 3 cleavage, and evidence of apoptosis (increased Bax expression and processing of caspase 3). Immunoblot analyses confirmed the modulation of other pathways that influence cell viability, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and nuclear factor κB. Finally, the treatment of athymic mice bearing HPAC tumors with Gan and Carf significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo. An immunoblot analysis of freshly isolated tumors from animals at the end of the study confirmed in vivo modulation of key signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS The results reveal Gan plus Carf to be a promising combination with synergistic antiproliferative, apoptotic, and pro-autophagy effects in preclinical studies of pancreatic cancer and will further the exploration of the utility of this treatment combination in clinical trials. Cancer 2017;123:4924-33. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Belalcazar
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Walid L Shaib
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew R Farren
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chao Zhang
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhengjia Chen
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lily Yang
- Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bassel F El-Rayes
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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11
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Kuan YC, Hashidume T, Shibata T, Uchida K, Shimizu M, Inoue J, Sato R. Heat Shock Protein 90 Modulates Lipid Homeostasis by Regulating the Stability and Function of Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein (SREBP) and SREBP Cleavage-activating Protein. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:3016-3028. [PMID: 28003358 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.767277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are the key transcription factors that modulate lipid biosynthesis. SREBPs are synthesized as endoplasmic reticulum-bound precursors that require proteolytic activation in the Golgi apparatus. The stability and maturation of precursor SREBPs depend on their binding to SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), which escorts the SCAP-SREBP complex to the Golgi apparatus. In this study, we identified heat shock protein (HSP) 90 as a novel SREBP regulator that binds to and stabilizes SCAP-SREBP. In HepG2 cells, HSP90 inhibition led to proteasome-dependent degradation of SCAP-SREBP, which resulted in the down-regulation of SREBP target genes and the reduction in intracellular triglyceride and cholesterol levels. We also demonstrated in vivo that HSP90 inhibition decreased SCAP-SREBP protein, down-regulated SREBP target genes, and reduced lipids levels in mouse livers. We propose that HSP90 plays an indispensable role in SREBP regulation by stabilizing the SCAP-SREBP complex, facilitating the activation of SREBP to maintain lipids homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takahiro Shibata
- the Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, and
| | - Koji Uchida
- the Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, and
| | | | - Jun Inoue
- From the Food Biochemistry Laboratory and
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- From the Food Biochemistry Laboratory and .,the Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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12
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Abstract
Lung cancer remains the most lethal cancer, with over 160,000 annual deaths in the USA alone. Over the past decade, the discovery of driver mutations has changed the landscape for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Targeted therapies against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) have now been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as part of the standard first-line treatment of NSCLC. Despite good initial responses, most patients develop resistance within 8–12 months and have disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Esfahani
- Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Victor Cohen
- Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Ghosh S, Shinogle HE, Galeva NA, Dobrowsky RT, Blagg BSJ. Endoplasmic Reticulum-resident Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) Isoform Glucose-regulated Protein 94 (GRP94) Regulates Cell Polarity and Cancer Cell Migration by Affecting Intracellular Transport. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8309-23. [PMID: 26872972 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.688374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone that is up-regulated in cancer and is required for the folding of numerous signaling proteins. Consequently, HSP90 represents an ideal target for the development of new anti-cancer agents. The human HSP90 isoform, glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), resides in the endoplasmic reticulum and regulates secretory pathways, integrins, and Toll-like receptors, which contribute to regulating immunity and metastasis. However, the cellular function of GRP94 remains underinvestigated. We report that GRP94 knockdown cells are defective in intracellular transport and, consequently, negatively impact the trafficking of F-actin toward the cellular cortex, integrin α2 and integrin αL toward the cell membrane and filopodia, and secretory vesicles containing the HSP90α-AHA1-survivin complex toward the leading edge. As a result, GRP94 knockdown cells form a multipolar spindle instead of bipolar morphology and consequently manifest a defect in cell migration and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rick T Dobrowsky
- the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
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14
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Samakovli D, Margaritopoulou T, Prassinos C, Milioni D, Hatzopoulos P. Brassinosteroid nuclear signaling recruits HSP90 activity. New Phytol 2014; 203:743-57. [PMID: 24807419 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) controls a number of developmental circuits, and serves a sophisticated and highly regulatory function in signaling pathways. Brassinosteroids (BRs) control many aspects of plant development. Genetic, physiological, cytological, gene expression, live cell imaging, and pharmacological approaches provide conclusive evidence for HSP90 involvement in Arabidopsis thalianaBR signaling. Nuclear-localized HSP90s translocate to cytoplasm when their activity is blocked by the HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GDA). GDA treatment promoted the export of BIN2, a regulator of BR signaling, from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, indicating that active HSP90 is required to sustain BIN2 in the nucleus. HSP90 nuclear localization was inhibited by brassinolide (BL). HSP90s interact with BIN2 in the nucleus of untreated cells and in the cytoplasm of BL-treated cells, showing that the site-specific action of HSP90 on BIN2 is controlled by BRs. GDA and BL treatments change the expression of a common set of previously identified BR-responsive genes. This highlights the effect of active HSP90s on the regulation of BR-responsive genes. Our observations reveal that HSP90s have a central role in sustaining BIN2 nuclear function. We propose that BR signaling is mediated by HSP90 activity and via trafficking of BIN2-HSP90 complexes into the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Samakovli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
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15
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Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock comprises a system of interconnected transcriptional and translational feedback loops. Proper oscillator function requires the precisely timed synthesis and degradation of core clock proteins. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent molecular chaperone, has important functions in many cellular regulatory pathways by controlling the activity and stability of its various client proteins. Despite accumulating evidence for interplay between the heat shock response and the circadian system, the role of HSP90 in the mammalian core clock is not known. The results of this study suggest that inhibition of the ATP-dependent chaperone activity of HSP90 impairs circadian rhythmicity of cultured mouse fibroblasts whereby amplitude and phase of the oscillations are predominantly affected. Inhibition of HSP90 shortened the half-life of BMAL1, which resulted in reduced cellular protein levels and blunted expression of rhythmic BMAL1-CLOCK target genes. Furthermore, the HSP90 isoforms HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1, and not HSP90B1-GRP94 or TRAP1, are responsible for maintaining proper cellular levels of BMAL1 protein. In summary, these findings provide evidence for a model in which cytoplasmic HSP90 is required for transcriptional activation processes by the positive arm of the mammalian circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Schneider
- University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Düsseldorf, Germany
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16
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Cao FF, Xu LM, Zhang X, Wang Y, Li MQ, Uzan G, Peng B, Zhang DH. IP-FCM platform detects the existence and regulator-caused dissociation of components in naturally assembled HSP90 complex. Cytometry A 2013; 85:359-67. [PMID: 24265268 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry, in conjunction with immunoprecipitation (IP-FCM), is suggested to have some advantages to conventional IP-western blot technology in analyzing protein complexes. In this paper, to further examine its practicability, we test the use of IP-FCM in detecting the HSP90 complex, which has gained importance in drug research and development and involves more than a dozen components. We found that IP-FCM could effectively detect HSP70, p23, Cdc37, and Cdk6 components in the HSP90 complex naturally formed in U937 cells when this complex was captured by anti-HSP90 antibody-coated polystyrene microspheres. IP-FCM could also detect alteration in components caused by treating cells with HSP90 inhibitors. In a cell-free environment, IP-FCM could detect the direct effects of ATP and/or HSP90 inhibitors (17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin or celastrol) in causing component dissociation and the time- and dose-effects of inhibitor-caused dissociation. IP-FCM is a practical and powerful platform for analyzing HSP90 complex components, and is thus a useful tool in studying HSP90 complex function and screening inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Fan Cao
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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