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Yang X, Hua C, Lin L, Ganting Z. Antimicrobial peptides as potential therapy for gastrointestinal cancers. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2831-2841. [PMID: 37249612 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02536-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Since conventional therapy faces limitations in the field of different cancers as well as gastrointestinal cancers, that decrease the survival rate of patients, there is an urgent need to find new effective therapeutic approaches without the adverse effects of the traditional agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) attract much attention and are well known for their role in innate immunity. These peptides, in addition to their antimicrobial activity, exhibit strong anticancer potential against various types of malignancy. AMPs specifically target tumor cells and have selective toxicity for these cells without affecting normal cells. Here we aim to comprehensively overview the current knowledge in the field of using AMPs as novel therapeutic agents for gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yang
- Heping Hospital Attached to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Cui Hua
- Tangshan Fengnan District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- Tangshan Hongci Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Zhao Ganting
- Heping Hospital Attached to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
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2
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Wu MC, Wang EY, Lai TW. TAT peptide at treatment-level concentrations crossed brain endothelial cell monolayer independent of receptor-mediated endocytosis or peptide-inflicted barrier disruption. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292681. [PMID: 37819924 PMCID: PMC10566733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptide domain extending from residues 49 to 57 of the HIV-1 Tat protein (TAT) has been widely shown to facilitate cell entry of and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability to covalently bound macromolecules; therefore, TAT-linked therapeutic peptides trafficked through peripheral routes have been used to treat brain diseases in preclinical and clinical studies. Although the mechanisms underlying cell entry by similar peptides have been established to be temperature-dependent and cell-type specific and to involve receptor-mediated endocytosis, how these peptides cross the BBB remains unclear. Here, using an in vitro model, we studied the permeability of TAT, which was covalently bound to the fluorescent probe fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and evaluated whether it crossed the "in vitro BBB", a monolayer of brain endothelial cells, and whether the mechanisms were similar to those involved in TAT entry into cells. Our results show that although TAT crossed the monolayer of brain endothelial cells in a temperature-dependent manner, in contrast to the reported mechanism of cell entry, it did not require receptor-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, we revisited the hypothesis that TAT facilitates brain delivery of covalently bound macromolecules by causing BBB disruption. Our results demonstrated that the dose of TAT commonly used in preclinical and clinical studies did not exert an effect on BBB permeability in vitro or in vivo; however, an extremely high TAT concentration caused BBB disruption in vitro. In conclusion, the BBB permeability to TAT is temperature-dependent, but at treatment-level concentrations, it does not involve receptor-mediated endocytosis or BBB disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chih Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Eric Yuhsiang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ted Weita Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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3
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Birch D, Sayers EJ, Christensen MV, Jones AT, Franzyk H, Nielsen HM. Stereoisomer-Dependent Membrane Association and Capacity for Insulin Delivery Facilitated by Penetratin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1672. [PMID: 37376119 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), such as penetratin, are often investigated as drug delivery vectors and incorporating d-amino acids, rather than the natural l-forms, to enhance proteolytic stability could improve their delivery efficiency. The present study aimed to compare membrane association, cellular uptake, and delivery capacity for all-l and all-d enantiomers of penetratin (PEN) by using different cell models and cargos. The enantiomers displayed widely different distribution patterns in the examined cell models, and in Caco-2 cells, quenchable membrane binding was evident for d-PEN in addition to vesicular intracellular localization for both enantiomers. The uptake of insulin in Caco-2 cells was equally mediated by the two enantiomers, and while l-PEN did not increase the transepithelial permeation of any of the investigated cargo peptides, d-PEN increased the transepithelial delivery of vancomycin five-fold and approximately four-fold for insulin at an extracellular apical pH of 6.5. Overall, while d-PEN was associated with the plasma membrane to a larger extent and was superior in mediating the transepithelial delivery of hydrophilic peptide cargoes compared to l-PEN across Caco-2 epithelium, no enhanced delivery of the hydrophobic cyclosporin was observed, and intracellular insulin uptake was induced to a similar degree by the two enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditlev Birch
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edward J Sayers
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Malene V Christensen
- Cancer and Infectious Diseases, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arwyn T Jones
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Cancer and Infectious Diseases, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne M Nielsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Roshan R, Naderi S, Behdani M, Ahangari Cohan R, Kazemi-Lomedasht F. A Novel Immunotoxin Targeting Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Using Single Domain Antibody Fused to Diphtheria Toxin. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:637-644. [PMID: 36129635 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) is overexpressed in a variety of cancers such as colon, stomach, pancreas, and prostate adenocarcinomas. Inhibition of EpCAM is considered as a potential target for cancer therapy. In current study, anti-EpCAM immunotoxin (α-EpCAM IT) was developed using genetic fusion of α-EpCAM single domain antibody (nanobody) (α-EpCAM Nb) to truncated form of diphtheria toxin. The expression of recombinant α-EpCAM IT was induced by Isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blot. Recombinant α-EpCAM IT was purified from the inclusion bodies and refolded using urea gradient procedure. The cytotoxicity and apoptosis activity of α-EpCAM IT on EpCAM over-expressing (MCF7), low-expressing (HEK293), and no-expressing (HUVEC) cells were evaluated by 3-4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl (MTT) assay and annexin V-FITC-PI assay as well. In addition, anti-tumor activity of α-EpCAM IT was evaluated on nude mice bearing MCF7 tumor cells. Results showed success expression and purification of α-EpCAM IT. The α-EpCAM IT showed time and dose-dependent anti-proliferative activity on MCF-7 cells. However, α-EpCAM IT did not show any anti-proliferative activity on HEK293 and HUVEC cells as well. In addition, the annexin V-FITC-PI assay results showed that α-EpCAM IT significantly increased apoptotic rate in MCF-7 cells with no effect on HEK293 and HUVEC as well. Moreover, α-EpCAM IT significantly reduced tumor size in vivo study. The achieved results indicate the potential of designing α-EpCAM IT as a novel therapeutic for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Roshan
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamsi Naderi
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Design of Membrane Active Peptides Considering Multi-Objective Optimization for Biomedical Application. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020180. [PMID: 35207101 PMCID: PMC8880019 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A multitude of membrane active peptides exists that divides into subclasses, such as cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) capable to enter eukaryotic cells or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) able to interact with prokaryotic cell envelops. Peptide membrane interactions arise from unique sequence motifs of the peptides that account for particular physicochemical properties. Membrane active peptides are mainly cationic, often primary or secondary amphipathic, and they interact with membranes depending on the composition of the bilayer lipids. Sequences of these peptides consist of short 5–30 amino acid sections derived from natural proteins or synthetic sources. Membrane active peptides can be designed using computational methods or can be identified in screenings of combinatorial libraries. This review focuses on strategies that were successfully applied to the design and optimization of membrane active peptides with respect to the fact that diverse features of successful peptide candidates are prerequisites for biomedical application. Not only membrane activity but also degradation stability in biological environments, propensity to induce resistances, and advantageous toxicological properties are crucial parameters that have to be considered in attempts to design useful membrane active peptides. Reliable assay systems to access the different biological characteristics of numerous membrane active peptides are essential tools for multi-objective peptide optimization.
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6
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Buri MV, Sperandio LP, de Souza KFS, Antunes F, Rezende MM, Melo CM, Pinhal MAS, Barros CC, Fernig DG, Yates EA, Ide JS, Smaili SS, Riske KA, Nader HB, Luis Dos Santos Tersariol I, Lima MA, Judice WAS, Miranda A, Paredes-Gamero EJ. Endocytosis and the Participation of Glycosaminoglycans Are Important to the Mechanism of Cell Death Induced by β-Hairpin Antimicrobial Peptides. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6488-6501. [PMID: 35006908 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic mode of action of four antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) (gomesin, tachyplesin, protegrin, and polyphemusin) against a HeLa cell tumor model is discussed. A study of cell death by AMP stimulation revealed some similarities, including annexin-V externalization, reduction of mitochondrial potential, insensitivity against inhibitors of cell death, and membrane permeabilization. Evaluation of signaling proteins and gene expression that control cell death revealed wide variation in the responses to AMPs. However, the ability to cross cell membranes emerged as an important characteristic of AMP-dependent cell death, where endocytosis mediated by dynamin is a common mechanism. Furthermore, the affinity between AMPs and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and GAG participation in the cytotoxicity of AMPs were verified. The results show that, despite their primary and secondary structure homology, these peptides present different modes of action, but endocytosis and GAG participation are an important and common mechanism of cytotoxicity for β-hairpin peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinicius Buri
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Paulino Sperandio
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi Das Cruzes, Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi Das Cruzes 08780-911, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamylla F S de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Antunes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Mastelaro Rezende
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carina Mucciolo Melo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A S Pinhal
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departmento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina Do ABC, Santo André 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Barros
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro, No1, Pelotas 96010-610, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Jaime S Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, United States
| | - Soraya S Smaili
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin A Riske
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena B Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Andrade Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner A S Judice
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi Das Cruzes, Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi Das Cruzes 08780-911, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Miranda
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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7
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Lin Y, Zhao M, Bai L, Li H, Xu Y, Li X, Xie J, Zhang Y, Zheng D. Renal-targeting peptide-microRNA nanocomplex for near IR imaging and therapy of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Khan MM, Filipczak N, Torchilin VP. Cell penetrating peptides: A versatile vector for co-delivery of drug and genes in cancer. J Control Release 2020; 330:1220-1228. [PMID: 33248708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biological barriers hamper the efficient delivery of drugs and genes to targeted sites. Cell penetrating peptides (CPP) have the ability to rapidly internalize across biological membranes. CPP have been effective for delivery of various chemotherapeutic agents used to combat cancer. CPP can enhance delivery of drugs to a targeted site when combined with tumor targeting peptides. CPP can be linked with various cargos like nanoparticles, micelles and liposomes to deliver drugs and genes to the cancer cell. Here, we focus on CPP mediated delivery of drugs to the tumor sites, delivery of genes (siRNA,pDNA) and co-delivery of drugs and genes to combat drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Muzamil Khan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicines, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicines, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Departments of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicines, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
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9
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Brain gene delivery using histidine and arginine-modified dendrimers for ischemic stroke therapy. J Control Release 2020; 330:907-919. [PMID: 33152393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyamidoamine dendrimer has been studied as an efficient gene carrier. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, polyamidoamine is a useful gene carrier, especially for inflammatory diseases. However, the commonly used polyamidoamine generation 6 dendrimer (PG6) has higher cytotoxicity than low-molecular weight polyamidoamines, which limits its applications. Therefore, early-generation polyamidoamine dendrimers, such as generation 2 (PG2), have been investigated as an alternative to PG6, although PG2 has a lower transfection efficiency. In this study, to improve gene delivery efficiency, histidine and arginine were conjugated on the primary amines of PG2, synthesizing PG2HR. The gene delivery efficiency of PG2HR was higher than that of PG2 or of PG2 conjugated with only arginine (PG2R), which may be due to higher cellular uptake and endosomal escape of the plasmid DNA (pDNA)/PG2HR complex. In addition, PG2HR had lower cytotoxicity than polyethylenimine (25 kDa, PEI25k), PG2, and PG2R. Mechanism studies showed that PG2HR delivered pDNA into the cells mainly by clathrin-independent endocytosis and partly by macropinocytosis. The therapeutic potential of PG2HR-mediated gene delivery was evaluated in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-reperfusion stroke animal models. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plasmid was delivered into the brain by local injection. The results showed that PG2HR had higher gene delivery efficiency in the brain than did PEI25k, PG2, or PG2R. Furthermore, compared to the pHO-1/PEI25k, pHO-1/PG2, and pHO-1/PG2R complexes, the pHO-1/PG2HR complex had reduced apoptosis levels and infarct sizes in ischemic brains. Therefore, because of its low cytotoxicity and high gene delivery efficiency, PG2HR may be useful for gene therapy of inflammatory diseases including ischemic stroke.
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10
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Dowarha D, Chou RH, Yu C. S100A1 blocks the interaction between p53 and mdm2 and decreases cell proliferation activity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234152. [PMID: 32497081 PMCID: PMC7272100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
About 50% of human cancers across the globe arise due to a mutation in the p53 gene which gives rise to its functional inactive form, and in the rest of the cancer the efficacy of active p53 (wild-type) is hindered by MDM2-mediated degradation. Breakdown of the p53-MDM2 association may constitute an effective strategy to stimulate or reinstate the activity of wild type p53, thereby reviving the p53 tumor suppressor capability. S100A1 has been revealed to associate with the N-terminal domain of MDM2 and p53 protein. We utilized NMR spectroscopy to study the interface amongst the S100A1 and N-terminal domain of MDM2. Additionally, the S100A1-MDM2 complex generated through the HADDOCK program was then superimposed with the p53 (peptide) -MDM2 complex reported earlier. The overlay indicated that a segment of S100A1 could block the interaction of p53 (peptide) -MDM2 complex significantly. To further justify our assumption, we performed HSQC-NMR titration for the S100A1 and p53 N-terminal domain (p53-TAD). The data obtained indicated that the S100A1 segment comprising nearly 17 residues have some common residues that interact with both MDM2 and p53-TAD. Further, we synthesized the 17-residue peptide derived from the S100A1 protein and attached it to the cell-penetrating HIV-TAT peptide. The HSQC-NMR competitive binding experiment revealed that Peptide 1 could successfully interfere with the p53-MDM2 interaction. Furthermore, functional effects of the peptide was validated in cancer cells. The results showed that Peptide 1 effectively inhibited cell proliferation, and increased the protein levels of p53 and its downstream p21 in MCF-7 cells. Treatment of Peptide 1 resulted in cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and also induced apoptotic cell death at higher concentration. Taken together, the results suggest that disruption of the interaction of p53 and MDM2 by Peptide 1 could activate normal p53 functions, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. We proposed here that S100A1 could influence the p53-MDM2 interaction credibly and possibly reactivates the wild type p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepu Dowarha
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwang Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CY); (RHC)
| | - Chin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CY); (RHC)
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11
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Deprey K, Kritzer JA. Quantitative measurement of cytosolic penetration using the chloroalkane penetration assay. Methods Enzymol 2020; 641:277-309. [PMID: 32713526 PMCID: PMC7872221 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A major barrier for drug development is ensuring molecules can access intracellular targets. This is especially true for biomolecules, which are notoriously difficult to deliver to the cytosol. Many current methods for measuring the internalization of therapeutic biomolecules are largely indirect and qualitative, and they do not offer information about subcellular localization. We recently reported a new assay, called the ChloroAlkane Penetration Assay (CAPA), that addresses some of the drawbacks of existing methods. CAPA is high-throughput, quantitative, and compartment-specific, and can be used to monitor cytosolic penetration over time and under a variety of culture conditions. We have used CAPA to investigate the cytosolic localization of peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides. In this chapter, we discuss the materials, protocols, and troubleshooting necessary to perform CAPA and appropriately analyze the data. We end with a discussion about the applications and limitations of CAPA, and we speculate on the potential of the assay and its variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Deprey
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Joshua A Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States.
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12
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In vitro cellular uptake and neuroprotective efficacy of poly-arginine-18 (R18) and poly-ornithine-18 (O18) peptides: critical role of arginine guanidinium head groups for neuroprotection. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 464:27-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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pH-triggered endosomal escape of pore-forming Listeriolysin O toxin-coated gold nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:108. [PMID: 31623647 PMCID: PMC6798460 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A major bottleneck in drug delivery is the breakdown and degradation of the delivery system through the endosomal/lysosomal network of the host cell, hampering the correct delivery of the drug of interest. In nature, the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes has developed a strategy to secrete Listeriolysin O (LLO) toxin as a tool to escape the eukaryotic lysosomal system upon infection, allowing it to grow and proliferate unharmed inside the host cell. Results As a “proof of concept”, we present here the use of purified His-LLO H311A mutant protein and its conjugation on the surface of gold nanoparticles to promote the lysosomal escape of 40 nm-sized nanoparticles in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Surface immobilization of LLO was achieved after specific functionalization of the nanoparticles with nitrile acetic acid, enabling the specific binding of histidine-tagged proteins. Conclusions Endosomal acidification leads to release of the LLO protein from the nanoparticle surface and its self-assembly into a 300 Å pore that perforates the endosomal/lysosomal membrane, enabling the escape of nanoparticles.
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14
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Deprey K, Becker L, Kritzer J, Plückthun A. Trapped! A Critical Evaluation of Methods for Measuring Total Cellular Uptake versus Cytosolic Localization. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1006-1027. [PMID: 30882208 PMCID: PMC6527423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecules have many properties that make them promising for intracellular therapeutic applications, but delivery remains a key challenge because large biomolecules cannot easily enter the cytosol. Furthermore, quantification of total intracellular versus cytosolic concentrations remains demanding, and the determination of delivery efficiency is thus not straightforward. In this review, we discuss strategies for delivering biomolecules into the cytosol and briefly summarize the mechanisms of uptake for these systems. We then describe commonly used methods to measure total cellular uptake and, more selectively, cytosolic localization, and discuss the major advantages and drawbacks of each method. We critically evaluate methods of measuring "cell penetration" that do not adequately distinguish total cellular uptake and cytosolic localization, which often lead to inaccurate interpretations of a molecule's cytosolic localization. Finally, we summarize the properties and components of each method, including the main caveats of each, to allow for informed decisions about method selection for specific applications. When applied correctly and interpreted carefully, methods for quantifying cytosolic localization offer valuable insight into the bioactivity of biomolecules and potentially the prospects for their eventual development into therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Deprey
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Lukas Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Combination of Cell-Penetrating Peptides with Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Application: A Review. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9010022. [PMID: 30634689 PMCID: PMC6359287 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), also known as protein translocation domains, membrane translocating sequences or Trojan peptides, are small molecules of 6 to 30 amino acid residues capable of penetrating biological barriers and cellular membranes. Furthermore, CPP have become an alternative strategy to overcome some of the current drug limitations and combat resistant strains since CPPs are capable of delivering different therapeutic molecules against a wide range of diseases. In this review, we address the recent conjugation of CPPs with nanoparticles, which constitutes a new class of delivery vectors with high pharmaceutical potential in a variety of diseases.
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16
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Peptide-based targeted therapeutics: Focus on cancer treatment. J Control Release 2018; 292:141-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Méndez-Ardoy A, Lostalé-Seijo I, Montenegro J. Where in the Cell Is our Cargo? Methods Currently Used To Study Intracellular Cytosolic Localisation. Chembiochem 2018; 20:488-498. [PMID: 30178574 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The internalisation and delivery of active substances into cells is a field of growing interest for chemical biology and therapeutics. As we move from small-molecule-based drugs towards bigger cargos, such as antibodies, enzymes, nucleases or nucleic acids, the development of efficient delivery systems becomes critical for their practical application. Different strategies and synthetic carriers have been developed; these include cationic lipids, gold nanoparticles, polymers, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), protein surface modification etc. However, all of these methodologies still present limitations relating to the precise targeting of the different intracellular compartments and, in particular, difficulties in access to the cellular cytosol. Additionally, the precise quantification of the cellular uptake of a compound is not enough to demonstrate delivery and/or functional activity. Therefore, methods to determine cellular distributions of cargos and carriers are of critical importance for identifying the barriers that are blocking the activity. Herein we survey the different techniques that can currently be used to track and to monitor the subcellular localisation of the synthetic compounds that we deliver inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Méndez-Ardoy
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Irene Lostalé-Seijo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Montenegro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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18
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MacDougall G, Anderton RS, Mastaglia FL, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP. Mitochondria and neuroprotection in stroke: Cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) as a novel class of mitochondria-targeted neuroprotective therapeutics. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 121:17-33. [PMID: 30218759 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally and represents a major cause of devastating long-term disability. Despite sustained efforts to develop clinically effective neuroprotective therapies, presently there is no clinically available neuroprotective agent for stroke. As a central mediator of neurodamaging events in stroke, mitochondria are recognised as a critical neuroprotective target, and as such, provide a focus for developing mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics. In recent years, cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) have been identified as a novel class of neuroprotective agent with several demonstrated mechanisms of action, including their ability to target mitochondria and exert positive effects on the organelle. This review provides an overview on neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction in ischaemic stroke pathophysiology and highlights the potential beneficial effects of CARPs on mitochondria in the ischaemic brain following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella MacDougall
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia; School of Heath Sciences, and Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia.
| | - Ryan S Anderton
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia; School of Heath Sciences, and Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Neville W Knuckey
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bruno P Meloni
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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19
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Ma K, Fu D, Liu Y, Rui Dai, Yu D, Guo Z, Cui C, Wang L, Xu J, Mao C. Cancer cell targeting, controlled drug release and intracellular fate of biomimetic membrane-encapsulated drug-loaded nano-graphene oxide nanohybrids. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5080-5090. [PMID: 30245822 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00804c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nano-graphene oxide (NGO) has been proposed as a novel drug carrier. However, the poor biocompatibility and physiological stability as well as lack of cancer targeting capability have limited its further applications in cancer therapy. To solve this problem, we developed a novel nanohybrid of NGO/DOX@SPC-FA by first allowing soy phosphatidylcholine membrane (SPC) to encapsulate DOX-loaded NGO (NGO/DOX) and then modifying the SPC membrane with PEGylated lipid-FA conjugate to achieve the display of cancer targeting FA on the nanohybrid surface. The SPC membrane (mimicking cell membrane) enabled the resultant nanohybrids (NGO/DOX@SPC-FA) to exhibit good stability and biocompatibility, high drug loading capability, efficient cellular uptake, and controlled drug release. Moreover, compared with NGO/DOX and SPC-modified NGO/DOX (NGO/DOX@SPC), the FA-modified NGO/DOX@SPC nanohybrids (NGO/DOX@SPC-FA) could deliver NGO/DOX to cancer cells with improved delivery and killing efficacy due to the presence of FA targeting motifs on the surface. The NGO/DOX@SPC-FA nanohybrids were found to be internalized specifically by FA-positive cancer cells (Hela cells) through both macropinocytosis-directed engulfment and clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and then become localized into the lysosomes. In vivo biodistribution study showed that NGO/DOX@SPC-FA had a high tumor targeting ability because of the active targeting mechanism with folate modification. In vivo antitumor therapy study demonstrated NGO/DOX@SPC-FA could significantly inhibit tumour growth and prolong the survival time of mice. Our results suggest that NGO/DOX@SPC-FA, as a novel drug delivery system with high drug loading and targeted delivery efficiency, holds promise for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ma
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, OK 73019, USA
| | - Duo Fu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Rui Dai
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Dongli Yu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Zhaoming Guo
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Changhao Cui
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Jinaqiang Xu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, OK 73019, USA.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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20
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David BP, Dubrovskyi O, Speltz TE, Wolff JJ, Frasor J, Sanchez LM, Moore TW. Using Tumor Explants for Imaging Mass Spectrometry Visualization of Unlabeled Peptides and Small Molecules. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:768-772. [PMID: 30034616 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) imaging mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful, label-free technique to visualize penetration of small molecules in vivo and in vitro, including in 3D cell culture spheroids; however, some spheroids do not grow sufficiently large to provide enough area for imaging mass spectrometry. Here, we describe an ex vivo method for visualizing unlabeled peptides and small molecules in tumor explants, which can be divided into pieces of desired size, thus circumventing the size limitations of many spheroids. As proof-of-concept, a small molecule drug (4-hydroxytamoxifen), as well as a peptide drug (cyclosporin A) and peptide chemical probe, can be visualized after in vitro incubation with tumor explants so that this technique may provide a solution to robing cell penetration by unlabeled peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. David
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Oleksii Dubrovskyi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott, Chicago, Illinois 60623, United States
| | - Thomas E. Speltz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jeremy J. Wolff
- Bruker Daltonics, 40 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Jonna Frasor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott, Chicago, Illinois 60623, United States
| | - Laura M. Sanchez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Terry W. Moore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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21
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Effective cancer therapy based on selective drug delivery into cells across their membrane using receptor-mediated endocytosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3015-3024. [PMID: 30031619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death globally. The current treatment options are insufficient, leading to unmet medical needs in cancer treatment. Off-target side effects, multidrug resistance, selective distribution to cancerous tissues, and cell membrane permeation of anti-cancer agents are critical problems to overcome. There is a method to solve these problems by using receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME). It is well known that proteins such as integrin, HER2, EGFR, or other cancer biomarkers are specifically overexpressed on the surface of target cancer cells. By taking advantage of such specific receptors, payloads can be transported into cells through endocytosis using a conjugate composed of the corresponding ligands connected to the payloads by an appropriate linker. After RME, the payloads released by endosomal escape into the cytoplasm can exhibit the cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), tumor-homing peptides (THPs), and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are utilized as ligands in this system. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) based on RME have already been used to cure cancer. In addition to the canonical conjugate method, nanocarriers for spontaneous accumulation in cancer tissue due to enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect are extensively used. In this review, I introduce the possibilities and advantages of drug design and development based on RME for the treatment of cancer.
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22
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Norkowski S, Körner B, Greune L, Stolle AS, Lubos ML, Hardwidge PR, Schmidt MA, Rüter C. Bacterial LPX motif-harboring virulence factors constitute a species-spanning family of cell-penetrating effectors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2273-2289. [PMID: 29285573 PMCID: PMC11105228 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Effector proteins are key virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria that target and subvert the functions of essential host defense mechanisms. Typically, these proteins are delivered into infected host cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS). Recently, however, several effector proteins have been found to enter host cells in a T3SS-independent manner thereby widening the potential range of these virulence factors. Prototypes of such bacteria-derived cell-penetrating effectors (CPEs) are the Yersinia enterocolitica-derived YopM as well as the Salmonella typhimurium effector SspH1. Here, we investigated specifically the group of bacterial LPX effector proteins comprising the Shigella IpaH proteins, which constitute a subtype of the leucine-rich repeat protein family and share significant homologies in sequence and structure. With particular emphasis on the Shigella-effector IpaH9.8, uptake into eukaryotic cell lines was shown. Recombinant IpaH9.8 (rIpaH9.8) is internalized via endocytic mechanisms and follows the endo-lysosomal pathway before escaping into the cytosol. The N-terminal alpha-helical domain of IpaH9.8 was identified as the protein transduction domain required for its CPE ability as well as for being able to deliver other proteinaceous cargo. rIpaH9.8 is functional as an ubiquitin E3 ligase and targets NEMO for poly-ubiquitination upon cell penetration. Strikingly, we could also detect other recombinant LPX effector proteins from Shigella and Salmonella intracellularly when applied to eukaryotic cells. In this study, we provide further evidence for the general concept of T3SS-independent translocation by identifying novel cell-penetrating features of these LPX effectors revealing an abundant species-spanning family of CPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Norkowski
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Britta Körner
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lilo Greune
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Stolle
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Lubos
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Philip R Hardwidge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1710 Denison Ave, 101 Trotter Hall, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5600, USA
| | - M Alexander Schmidt
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Rüter
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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23
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Islam MZ, Sharmin S, Moniruzzaman M, Yamazaki M. Elementary processes for the entry of cell-penetrating peptides into lipid bilayer vesicles and bacterial cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Chen X, Chen J, Fu R, Rao P, Weller R, Bradshaw J, Liu S. Can the Cellular Internalization of Cargo Proteins Be Enhanced by Fusing a Tat Peptide in the Center of Proteins? A Fluorescence Study. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:879-886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Ramaswamy K, Forbes L, Minuesa G, Gindin T, Brown F, Kharas MG, Krivtsov AV, Armstrong SA, Still E, de Stanchina E, Knoechel B, Koche R, Kentsis A. Peptidomimetic blockade of MYB in acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:110. [PMID: 29317678 PMCID: PMC5760651 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant gene expression is a hallmark of acute leukemias. MYB-driven transcriptional coactivation with CREB-binding protein (CBP)/P300 is required for acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias, including refractory MLL-rearranged leukemias. Using structure-guided molecular design, we developed a peptidomimetic inhibitor MYBMIM that interferes with the assembly of the molecular MYB:CBP/P300 complex and rapidly accumulates in the nuclei of AML cells. Treatment of AML cells with MYBMIM led to the dissociation of the MYB:CBP/P300 complex in cells, its displacement from oncogenic enhancers enriched for MYB binding sites, and downregulation of MYB-dependent gene expression, including of MYC and BCL2 oncogenes. AML cells underwent mitochondrial apoptosis in response to MYBMIM, which was partially rescued by ectopic expression of BCL2. MYBMIM impeded leukemia growth and extended survival of immunodeficient mice engrafted with primary patient-derived MLL-rearranged leukemia cells. These findings elucidate the dependence of human AML on aberrant transcriptional coactivation, and establish a pharmacologic approach for its therapeutic blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Ramaswamy
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Forbes
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology & Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gerard Minuesa
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Tatyana Gindin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Fiona Brown
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Andrei V Krivtsov
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Eric Still
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Richard Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology & Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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26
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Wang TY, Libardo MDJ, Angeles-Boza AM, Pellois JP. Membrane Oxidation in Cell Delivery and Cell Killing Applications. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1170-1182. [PMID: 28355059 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell delivery or cell killing processes often involve the crossing or disruption of cellular membranes. We review how, by modifying the composition and properties of membranes, membrane oxidation can be exploited to enhance the delivery of macromolecular cargoes into live human cells. We also describe how membrane oxidation can be utilized to achieve efficient killing of bacteria by antimicrobial peptides. Finally, we present recent evidence highlighting how membrane oxidation is intimately engaged in natural biological processes such as antigen delivery in dendritic cells and in the killing of bacteria by antimicrobial peptides. Overall, the insights that have been recently gained in this area should facilitate the development of more effective delivery technologies and antimicrobial therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - M. Daben J. Libardo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Alfredo M. Angeles-Boza
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Pellois
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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27
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Rádis-Baptista G, Campelo IS, Morlighem JÉRL, Melo LM, Freitas VJF. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs): From delivery of nucleic acids and antigens to transduction of engineered nucleases for application in transgenesis. J Biotechnol 2017; 252:15-26. [PMID: 28479163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been studied for their capacity to translocate across the lipid membrane of several cell types. In membrane translocation, these peptides can remarkably transport biologically active hydrophilic molecules, such as pharmaceuticals, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and even high-molecular-weight proteins, Fig. 3 into the cell cytoplasm and organelles. The development of CPPs as transduction agents includes the modification of gene and protein expression, the reprogramming and differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells and the preparation of cellular vaccines. A relatively recent field of CPP application is the transduction of plasmid DNA vectors and CPP-fusion proteins to modify genomes and introduce new traits in cells and organisms. CPP-mediated transduction of components for genome editing is an advantageous alternative to viral DNA vectors. Engineered site-specific nucleases, such as Cre recombinase, ZFN, TALENs and CRISPR associated protein (Cas), have been coupled to CPPs, and the fused proteins have been used to permeate targeted cells and tissues. The functionally active fusion CPP-nucleases subsequently home to the nucleus, incise genomic DNA at specific sites and induce repair and recombination. This review has the objective of discussing CPPs and elucidating the prospective use of CPP-mediated transduction technology, particularly in genome modification and transgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandhi Rádis-Baptista
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.165-081, Brazil.
| | - Iana S Campelo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.714-903, Brazil
| | - Jean-Étienne R L Morlighem
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.165-081, Brazil; Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60.455-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Melo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.714-903, Brazil
| | - Vicente J F Freitas
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.714-903, Brazil.
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Marqus S, Pirogova E, Piva TJ. Evaluation of the use of therapeutic peptides for cancer treatment. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:21. [PMID: 28320393 PMCID: PMC5359827 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer along with cardiovascular disease are the main causes of death in the industrialised countries around the World. Conventional cancer treatments are losing their therapeutic uses due to drug resistance, lack of tumour selectivity and solubility and as such there is a need to develop new therapeutic agents. Therapeutic peptides are a promising and a novel approach to treat many diseases including cancer. They have several advantages over proteins or antibodies: as they are (a) easy to synthesise, (b) have a high target specificity and selectivity and (c) have low toxicity. Therapeutic peptides do have some significant drawbacks related to their stability and short half-life. In this review, strategies used to overcome peptide limitations and to enhance their therapeutic effect will be compared. The use of short cell permeable peptides that interfere and inhibit protein-protein interactions will also be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Marqus
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Terrence J. Piva
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
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29
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Wei Y, Zhang L, Fu Y, Xu X. Rapid delivery of paclitaxel with an organic solvent-free system based on a novel cell penetrating peptide for suppression of tumor growth. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7768-7774. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01259d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PTX is rapidly translocated into HeLa cells with the help of R7. The intracellular PTX concentration of R7/PTX complex group is 3 fold that of the free PTX group. This delivery system does not contain any organic solvent. The tumor growth is significantly suppressed by a tail vein injection of the R7/PTX complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yankai Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Xia Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan
- P. R. China
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30
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Indrigo E, Clavadetscher J, Chankeshwara SV, Megia-Fernandez A, Lilienkampf A, Bradley M. Intracellular delivery of a catalytic organometallic complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6712-6715. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02988h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We show the intracellular delivery of a homogeneous palladium–peptide catalyst able to bioorthogonally activate a profluorophore inside living prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Indrigo
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- EH9 3FJ Edinburgh
- UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- EH9 3FJ Edinburgh
- UK
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31
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Eksteen JJ, Ausbacher D, Simon-Santamaria J, Stiberg T, Cavalcanti-Jacobsen C, Wushur I, Svendsen JS, Rekdal Ø. Iterative Design and in Vivo Evaluation of an Oncolytic Antilymphoma Peptide. J Med Chem 2016; 60:146-156. [PMID: 28004928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic peptides represent a promising new strategy within the field of cancer immunotherapy. Here we describe the systematic design and evaluation of short antilymphoma peptides within this paradigm. The peptides were tested in vitro and in vivo to identify a lead compound for further evaluation as novel oncolytic immunotherapeutic. In vitro tests revealed peptides with high activity against several lymphoma types and low cytotoxicity toward normal cells. Treated lymphoma cells exhibited a reduced mitochondrial membrane potential that resulted in an irreversible disintegration of their plasma membranes. No caspase activation or ultrastructural features of apoptotic cell death were observed. One of these peptides, 11, was shown to induce complete tumor regression and protective immunity following intralesional treatment of murine A20 B-lymphomas. Due to its selectivity for lymphoma cells and its ability to induce tumor-specific immune responses, 11 has the potential to be used in intralesional treatment of accessible lymphoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Johannes Eksteen
- Lytix Biopharma AS , P.O. Box 6447, Siva Innovation Centre Tromsø, Tromsø NO-9294, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John S Svendsen
- Lytix Biopharma AS , P.O. Box 6447, Siva Innovation Centre Tromsø, Tromsø NO-9294, Norway
| | - Øystein Rekdal
- Lytix Biopharma AS , P.O. Box 6447, Siva Innovation Centre Tromsø, Tromsø NO-9294, Norway
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32
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Intelligent substance delivery into cells using cell-penetrating peptides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:121-130. [PMID: 27956345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are oligopeptides that can permeate the cell membrane. The use of a CPP-mediated transport system could be an excellent method for delivering cell-impermeable substances such as proteins, antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs, plasmids, drugs, fluorescent compounds, and nanoparticles as covalently or noncovalently conjugated cargo into cells. Nonetheless, the mechanisms through which CPPs are internalized remain unclear. Endocytosis and direct translocation through the membrane are the generally accepted routes. Internalization via both pathways can occur simultaneously, depending on cellular conditions. However, the peculiar property of CPPs has attracted many researchers, especially in drug discovery or development, who intend to deliver impermeable substances into cells through the cell membrane. The delivery of drugs using CPPs may non-invasively solve the problem of drug penetration into cells with the added benefit of low cytotoxicity. Moreover, macromolecules can also be delivered by this transport system. In this review, I discuss the possibilities and advantages of substance delivery into cells using CPPs.
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33
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Abstract
RNA interference mediated gene silencing has tremendous applicability in fields ranging from basic biological research to clinical therapy. However, delivery of siRNA across the cell membrane into the cytoplasm, where the RNA silencing machinery is located, is a significant hurdle in most primary cells. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), peptides that possess an intrinsic ability to translocate across cell membranes, have been explored as a means to achieve cellular delivery of siRNA. Approaches using CPPs by themselves or through incorporation into other siRNA delivery platforms have been investigated with the intent of improving cytoplasmic delivery. Here, we review the utilization of CPPs for siRNA delivery with a focus on strategies developed to enhance cellular uptake, endosomal escape and cytoplasmic localization of CPP/siRNA complexes.
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Abstract
If the isolation, production, and clinical use of insulin marked the inception of the age of biologics as therapeutics, the convergence of molecular biology and combinatorial engineering techniques marked its coming of age. The first wave of recombinant protein-based drugs in the 1980s demonstrated emphatically that proteins could be engineered, formulated, and employed for clinical advantage. Yet despite the successes of protein-based drugs such as antibodies, enzymes, and cytokines, the druggable target space for biologics is currently restricted to targets outside the cell. Insofar as estimates place the number of proteins either secreted or with extracellular domains in the range of 8000 to 9000, this represents only one-third of the proteome and circumscribes the pathways that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention. Clearly, a major objective for this field to reach maturity is to access, interrogate, and modulate the majority of proteins found inside the cell. However, owing to the large size, complex architecture, and general cellular impermeability of existing protein-based drugs, this poses a daunting challenge. In recent years, though, advances on the two related fronts of protein engineering and drug delivery are beginning to bring this goal within reach. First, prompted by the restrictions that limit the applicability of antibodies, intense efforts have been applied to identifying and engineering smaller alternative protein scaffolds for the modulation of intracellular targets. In parallel, innovative solutions for delivering proteins to the intracellular space while maintaining their stability and functional activity have begun to yield successes. This review provides an overview of bioactive intrabodies and alternative protein scaffolds amenable to engineering for intracellular targeting and also outlines advances in protein engineering and formulation for delivery of functional proteins to the interior of the cell to achieve therapeutic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Miersch
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sharmin S, Islam MZ, Karal MAS, Alam Shibly SU, Dohra H, Yamazaki M. Effects of Lipid Composition on the Entry of Cell-Penetrating Peptide Oligoarginine into Single Vesicles. Biochemistry 2016; 55:4154-65. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sharmin
- Integrated
Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, ‡Instrumental Research
Support Office, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, §Nanomaterials Research
Division, Research Institute of Electronics, and ∥Department of Physics, Graduate
School of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md. Zahidul Islam
- Integrated
Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, ‡Instrumental Research
Support Office, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, §Nanomaterials Research
Division, Research Institute of Electronics, and ∥Department of Physics, Graduate
School of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Integrated
Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, ‡Instrumental Research
Support Office, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, §Nanomaterials Research
Division, Research Institute of Electronics, and ∥Department of Physics, Graduate
School of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Sayed Ul Alam Shibly
- Integrated
Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, ‡Instrumental Research
Support Office, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, §Nanomaterials Research
Division, Research Institute of Electronics, and ∥Department of Physics, Graduate
School of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hideo Dohra
- Integrated
Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, ‡Instrumental Research
Support Office, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, §Nanomaterials Research
Division, Research Institute of Electronics, and ∥Department of Physics, Graduate
School of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Integrated
Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, ‡Instrumental Research
Support Office, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, §Nanomaterials Research
Division, Research Institute of Electronics, and ∥Department of Physics, Graduate
School of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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36
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Gao N, Wadhwani P, Mühlhäuser P, Liu Q, Riemann M, Ulrich AS, Nick P. An antifungal protein from Ginkgo biloba binds actin and can trigger cell death. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:1159-74. [PMID: 26315821 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ginkbilobin is a short antifungal protein that had been purified and cloned from the seeds of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba. Homologues of this protein can be detected in all seed plants and the heterosporic fern Selaginella and are conserved with respect to domain structures, peptide motifs, and specific cysteine signatures. To get insight into the cellular functions of these conserved motifs, we expressed green fluorescent protein fusions of full-length and truncated ginkbilobin in tobacco BY-2 cells. We show that the signal peptide confers efficient secretion of ginkbilobin. When this signal peptide is either cleaved or masked, ginkbilobin binds and visualizes the actin cytoskeleton. This actin-binding activity of ginkbilobin is mediated by a specific subdomain just downstream of the signal peptide, and this subdomain can also coassemble with actin in vitro. Upon stable overexpression of this domain, we observe a specific delay in premitotic nuclear positioning indicative of a reduced dynamicity of actin. To elucidate the cellular response to the binding of this subdomain to actin, we use chemical engineering based on synthetic peptides comprising different parts of the actin-binding subdomain conjugated with the cell-penetrating peptide BP100 and with rhodamine B as a fluorescent reporter. Binding of this synthetic construct to actin efficiently induces programmed cell death. We discuss these findings in terms of a working model, where ginkbilobin can activate actin-dependent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Gao
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute and DFG-Center of Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 2, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Parvesh Wadhwani
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philipp Mühlhäuser
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Qiong Liu
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute and DFG-Center of Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 2, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Riemann
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute and DFG-Center of Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 2, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and CFN, KIT, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute and DFG-Center of Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 2, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Engineering of a novel tri-functional enzyme with MnSOD, catalase and cell-permeable activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:451-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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38
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Jones S, Uusna J, Langel Ü, Howl J. Intracellular Target-Specific Accretion of Cell Penetrating Peptides and Bioportides: Ultrastructural and Biological Correlates. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 27:121-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jones
- Research
Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Uusna
- Institute
of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Langel
- Institute
of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - John Howl
- Research
Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
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39
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Radicioni G, Stringaro A, Molinari A, Nocca G, Longhi R, Pirolli D, Scarano E, Iavarone F, Manconi B, Cabras T, Messana I, Castagnola M, Vitali A. Characterization of the cell penetrating properties of a human salivary proline-rich peptide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2868-77. [PMID: 26325345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Saliva contains hundreds of small proline-rich peptides most of which derive from the post-translational and post-secretory processing of the acidic and basic salivary proline-rich proteins. Among these peptides we found that a 20 residue proline-rich peptide (p1932), commonly present in human saliva and patented for its antiviral activity, was internalized within cells of the oral mucosa. The cell-penetrating properties of p1932 have been studied in a primary gingival fibroblast cell line and in a squamous cancer cell line, and compared to its retro-inverso form. We observed by mass-spectrometry, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy that both peptides were internalized in the two cell lines on a time scale of minutes, being the natural form more efficient than the retro-inverso one. The cytosolic localization was dependent on the cell type: both peptide forms were able to localize within nuclei of tumoral cells, but not in the nuclei of gingival fibroblasts. The uptake was shown to be dependent on the culture conditions used: peptide internalization was indeed effective in a complete medium than in a serum-free one allowing the hypothesis that the internalization could be dependent on the cell cycle. Both peptides were internalized likely by a lipid raft-mediated endocytosis mechanism as suggested by the reduced uptake in the presence of methyl-ß-cyclodextrin. These results suggest that the natural peptide may play a role within the cells of the oral mucosa after its secretion and subsequent internalization. Furthermore, lack of cytotoxicity of both peptide forms highlights their possible application as novel drug delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Radicioni
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Catholic University, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Annarita Stringaro
- Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Agnese Molinari
- Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Nocca
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Catholic University, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Renato Longhi
- Istituto per la Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Italian National Research Council, Via Mario Bianco, 9, 20100 Milan, Italy.
| | - Davide Pirolli
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Catholic University, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Scarano
- Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatria, Facoltà di Medicina, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Catholic University, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Applicate ai Biosistemi, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Applicate ai Biosistemi, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Irene Messana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Applicate ai Biosistemi, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Catholic University, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Vitali
- Istituto per la Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Italian National Research Council, Rome, L. go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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40
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Determination of cell uptake pathways for tumor inhibitor lysyl oxidase propeptide. Mol Oncol 2015; 10:1-23. [PMID: 26297052 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysyl oxidase propeptide (LOX-PP) is derived from pro-lysyl oxidase (Pro-LOX) by extracellular biosynthetic proteolysis. LOX-PP inhibits breast and prostate cancer xenograft tumor growth and has tumor suppressor activity. Although, several intracellular targets and molecular mechanisms of action of LOX-PP have been identified, LOX-PP uptake pathways have not been reported. Here we demonstrate that the major uptake pathway for recombinant LOX-PP (rLOX-PP) is PI3K-dependent macropinocytosis in PWR-1E, PC3, SCC9, MDA-MB-231 cell lines. A secondary pathway appears to be dynamin- and caveola dependent. The ionic properties of highly basic rLOX-PP provide buffering capacity at both high and low pHs. We suggest that the buffering capacity of rLOX-PP, which serves to limit endosomal acidification, sustains PI3K-dependent macropinocytosis in endosomes which in turn is likely to facilitate LOX-PP endosomal escape into the cytoplasm and its observed interactions with cytoplasmic targets and nuclear uptake.
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41
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Polyethylenimine-poly(amidoamine) dendrimer modified with l-arginines as an efficient gene delivery vector. Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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42
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Cellular uptake and in vivo distribution of polyhistidine peptides. J Control Release 2015; 210:115-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.05.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Chu Q, Moellering RE, Hilinski GJ, Kim YW, Grossmann TN, Yeh JTH, Verdine GL. Towards understanding cell penetration by stapled peptides. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A systematic study on cell penetration by stapled peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- USA
- Chemistry & Chemical Biology
| | - Raymond E. Moellering
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- USA
- Chemistry & Chemical Biology
| | - Gerard J. Hilinski
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- USA
- Chemistry & Chemical Biology
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- USA
- Chemistry & Chemical Biology
| | - Tom N. Grossmann
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- USA
- Chemistry & Chemical Biology
| | - Johannes T.-H. Yeh
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- USA
- Chemistry & Chemical Biology
| | - Gregory L. Verdine
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- USA
- Chemistry & Chemical Biology
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44
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Zeller S, Choi CS, Uchil PD, Ban HS, Siefert A, Fahmy TM, Mothes W, Lee SK, Kumar P. Attachment of cell-binding ligands to arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides enables cytosolic translocation of complexed siRNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 22:50-62. [PMID: 25544044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), such as nona-arginine (9R), poorly translocate siRNA into cells. Our studies demonstrate that attaching 9R to ligands that bind cell surface receptors quantitatively increases siRNA uptake and importantly, allows functional delivery of complexed siRNA. The mechanism involved accumulation of ligand-9R:siRNA microparticles on the cell membrane, which induced transient membrane inversion at the site of ligand-9R binding and rapid siRNA translocation into the cytoplasm. siRNA release also occurred late after endocytosis when the ligand was attached to the L isoform of 9R, but not the protease-resistant 9DR, prolonging mRNA knockdown. This critically depended on endosomal proteolytic activity, implying that partial CPP degradation is required for endosome-to-cytosol translocation. The data demonstrate that ligand attachment renders simple polycationic CPPs effective for siRNA delivery by restoring their intrinsic property of translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Zeller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chang Seon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hong-Seok Ban
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Alyssa Siefert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tarek M Fahmy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sang-Kyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Radford RJ, Chyan W, Lippard SJ. Peptide Targeting of Fluorescein-Based Sensors to Discrete Intracellular Locales. Chem Sci 2014; 5:4512-4516. [PMID: 25512838 PMCID: PMC4264632 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescein-based sensors are the most widely applied class of zinc probes but display adventitious localization in live cells. We present here a peptide-based localization strategy that affords precision in targeting of fluorescein-based zinc sensors. By appending the zinc-selective, reaction-based probe Zinpyr-1 diacetate (DA-ZP1) to the N-terminus of two different targeting peptides we achieve programmable localization and avoid unwanted sequestration within acidic vesicles. Furthermore, this approach can be generalized to other fluorescein-based sensors. When appended to a mitochondrial targeting peptide, the esterase-activated profluorophore 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate can be used effectively at concentrations four-times lower than previously reported for analogous, non-acetylated derivatives. These results demonstrate on-resin or in-solution esterification of fluorescein to be an effective strategy to facilitate peptide-based targeting in live cells.
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A survey on "Trojan Horse" peptides: opportunities, issues and controlled entry to "Troy". J Control Release 2014; 194:53-70. [PMID: 25151981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), often vividly termed as the "Trojan Horse" peptides, have attracted considerable interest for the intracellular delivery of a wide range of cargoes, such as small molecules, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, contrast agents, nanocarriers and so on. Some preclinical and clinical developments of CPP conjugates demonstrate their promise as therapeutic agents for drug discovery. There is increasing evidence to suggest that CPPs have the potential to cross several bio-barriers (e.g., blood-brain barriers, intestinal mucosa, nasal mucosa and skin barriers). Despite revolutionary process in many aspects, there are a lot of basic issues unclear for these entities, such as internalization mechanisms, translocation efficiency, translocation kinetics, metabolic degradation, toxicity, side effect, distribution and non-specificity. Among them, non-specificity remains a major drawback for the in vivo application of CPPs in the targeted delivery of cargoes. So far, diverse organelle-specific CPPs or controlled delivery strategies have emerged and improved their specificity. In this review, we will look at the opportunities of CPPs in clinical development, bio-barriers penetration and nanocarriers delivery. Then, a series of basic problems of CPPs will be discussed. Finally, this paper will highlight the use of various controlled strategies in the organelle-specific delivery and targeted delivery of CPPs. The purpose of this review will be to emphasize most influential advance in this field and present a fundamental understanding for challenges and utilizations of CPPs. This will accelerate their translation as efficient vectors from the in vitro setting into the clinic arena, and retrieve the entry art to "Troy".
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Rossella F, Rose HM, Witte C, Jayapaul J, Schröder L. Design and Characterization of Two Bifunctional Cryptophane A-Based Host Molecules for Xenon Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Barua S, Mitragotri S. Challenges associated with Penetration of Nanoparticles across Cell and Tissue Barriers: A Review of Current Status and Future Prospects. NANO TODAY 2014; 9:223-243. [PMID: 25132862 PMCID: PMC4129396 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 679] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as an effective modality for the treatment of various diseases including cancer, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. Various forms of NPs including liposomes, polymer particles, micelles, dendrimers, quantum dots, gold NPs and carbon nanotubes have been synthesized and tested for therapeutic applications. One of the greatest challenges that limit the success of NPs is their ability to reach the therapeutic site at necessary doses while minimizing accumulation at undesired sites. The biodistribution of NPs is determined by body's biological barriers that manifest in several distinct ways. For intravascular delivery of NPs, the barrier manifests in the form of: (i) immune clearance in the liver and spleen, (ii) permeation across the endothelium into target tissues, (iii) penetration through the tissue interstitium, (iv) endocytosis in target cells, (v) diffusion through cytoplasm and (vi) eventually entry into the nucleus, if required. Certain applications of NPs also rely on delivery through alternate routes including skin and mucosal membranes of the nose, lungs, intestine and vagina. In these cases, the diffusive resistance of these tissues poses a significant barrier to delivery. This review focuses on the current understanding of penetration of NPs through biological barriers. Emphasis is placed on transport barriers and not immunological barriers. The review also discusses design strategies for overcoming the barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Barua
- Center for Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Center for Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
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Huang W, Seo J, Willingham SB, Czyzewski AM, Gonzalgo ML, Weissman IL, Barron AE. Learning from host-defense peptides: cationic, amphipathic peptoids with potent anticancer activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90397. [PMID: 24587350 PMCID: PMC3938723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic, amphipathic host defense peptides represent a promising group of agents to be developed for anticancer applications. Poly-N-substituted glycines, or peptoids, are a class of biostable, peptidomimetic scaffold that can display a great diversity of side chains in highly tunable sequences via facile solid-phase synthesis. Herein, we present a library of anti-proliferative peptoids that mimics the cationic, amphipathic structural feature of the host defense peptides and explore the relationships between the structure, anticancer activity and selectivity of these peptoids. Several peptoids are found to be potent against a broad range of cancer cell lines at low-micromolar concentrations including cancer cells with multidrug resistance (MDR), causing cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. They can penetrate into cells, but their cytotoxicity primarily involves plasma membrane perturbations. Furthermore, peptoid 1, the most potent peptoid synthesized, significantly inhibited tumor growth in a human breast cancer xenotransplantation model without any noticeable acute adverse effects in mice. Taken together, our work provided important structural information for designing host defense peptides or their mimics for anticancer applications. Several cationic, amphipathic peptoids are very attractive for further development due to their high solubility, stability against protease degradation, their broad, potent cytotoxicity against cancer cells and their ability to overcome multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Division of Liberal Arts and Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen B. Willingham
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Czyzewski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mark L. Gonzalgo
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Irving L. Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Annelise E. Barron
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Stalmans S, Wynendaele E, Bracke N, Gevaert B, D’Hondt M, Peremans K, Burvenich C, De Spiegeleer B. Chemical-functional diversity in cell-penetrating peptides. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71752. [PMID: 23951237 PMCID: PMC3739727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a promising tool to overcome cell membrane barriers. They have already been successfully applied as carriers for several problematic cargoes, like e.g. plasmid DNA and (si)RNA, opening doors for new therapeutics. Although several hundreds of CPPs are already described in the literature, only a few commercial applications of CPPs are currently available. Cellular uptake studies of these peptides suffer from inconsistencies in used techniques and other experimental conditions, leading to uncertainties about their uptake mechanisms and structural properties. To clarify the structural characteristics influencing the cell-penetrating properties of peptides, the chemical-functional space of peptides, already investigated for cellular uptake, was explored. For 186 peptides, a new cell-penetrating (CP)-response was proposed, based upon the scattered quantitative results for cellular influx available in the literature. Principal component analysis (PCA) and a quantitative structure-property relationship study (QSPR), using chemo-molecular descriptors and our newly defined CP-response, learned that besides typical well-known properties of CPPs, i.e. positive charge and amphipathicity, the shape, structure complexity and the 3D-pattern of constituting atoms influence the cellular uptake capacity of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Stalmans
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Bracke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Gevaert
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias D’Hondt
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Medical Imaging and Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christian Burvenich
- Department of Medical Imaging and Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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