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Marin JJG, Cives-Losada C, Macias RIR, Romero MR, Marijuan RP, Hortelano-Hernandez N, Delgado-Calvo K, Villar C, Gonzalez-Santiago JM, Monte MJ, Asensio M. Impact of liver diseases and pharmacological interactions on the transportome involved in hepatic drug disposition. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 228:116166. [PMID: 38527556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The liver plays a pivotal role in drug disposition owing to the expression of transporters accounting for the uptake at the sinusoidal membrane and the efflux across the basolateral and canalicular membranes of hepatocytes of many different compounds. Moreover, intracellular mechanisms of phases I and II biotransformation generate, in general, inactive compounds that are more polar and easier to eliminate into bile or refluxed back toward the blood for their elimination by the kidneys, which becomes crucial when the biliary route is hampered. The set of transporters expressed at a given time, i.e., the so-called transportome, is encoded by genes belonging to two gene superfamilies named Solute Carriers (SLC) and ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC), which account mainly, but not exclusively, for the uptake and efflux of endogenous substances and xenobiotics, which include many different drugs. Besides the existence of genetic variants, which determines a marked interindividual heterogeneity regarding liver drug disposition among patients, prevalent diseases, such as cirrhosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and several cholestatic liver diseases, can alter the transportome and hence affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs used to treat these patients. Moreover, hepatic drug transporters are involved in many drug-drug interactions (DDI) that challenge the safety of using a combination of agents handled by these proteins. Updated information on these questions has been organized in this article by superfamilies and families of members of the transportome involved in hepatic drug disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J G Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Candela Cives-Losada
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio I R Macias
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta R Romero
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca P Marijuan
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Kevin Delgado-Calvo
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmen Villar
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesus M Gonzalez-Santiago
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria J Monte
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maitane Asensio
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Aebisher D, Woźnicki P, Czarnecka-Czapczyńska M, Dynarowicz K, Szliszka E, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Bartusik-Aebisher D. Molecular Determinants for Photodynamic Therapy Resistance and Improved Photosensitizer Delivery in Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8708. [PMID: 39201395 PMCID: PMC11354549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas account for 24% of all the primary brain and Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors. These tumors are diverse in cellular origin, genetic profile, and morphology but collectively have one of the most dismal prognoses of all cancers. Work is constantly underway to discover a new effective form of glioma therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be one of them. It involves the local or systemic application of a photosensitive compound-a photosensitizer (PS)-which accumulates in the affected tissues. Photosensitizer molecules absorb light of the appropriate wavelength, initiating the activation processes leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species and the selective destruction of inappropriate cells. Research focusing on the effective use of PDT in glioma therapy is already underway with promising results. In our work, we provide detailed insights into the molecular changes in glioma after photodynamic therapy. We describe a number of molecules that may contribute to the resistance of glioma cells to PDT, such as the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette efflux transporter G2, glutathione, ferrochelatase, heme oxygenase, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1. We identify molecular targets that can be used to improve the photosensitizer delivery to glioma cells, such as the epithelial growth factor receptor, neuropilin-1, low-density lipoprotein receptor, and neuropeptide Y receptors. We note that PDT can increase the expression of some molecules that reduce the effectiveness of therapy, such as Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glutamate, and nitric oxide. However, the scientific literature lacks clear data on the effects of PDT on many of the molecules described, and the available reports are often contradictory. In our work, we highlight the gaps in this knowledge and point to directions for further research that may enhance the efficacy of PDT in the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Paweł Woźnicki
- English Division Science Club, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Czarnecka-Czapczyńska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Szliszka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
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Ma M. Role of Hypoxia in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Dental Pulp: Influence, Mechanism and Application. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:535-547. [PMID: 38713403 PMCID: PMC11344735 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from dental pulp (DP-MSCs), which include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from permanent teeth and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), have emerged as highly promising cell sources for tissue regeneration, due to their high proliferative rate, multi-lineage differentiation capability and non-invasive accessibility. DP-MSCs also exert extensive paracrine effects through the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and multiple trophic factors. To be noted, the microenvironment, commonly referred to as the stem cell niche, plays a crucial role in shaping the functionality and therapeutic effects of DP-MSCs, within which hypoxia has garnered considerable attention. Extensive research has demonstrated that hypoxic conditions profoundly impact DP-MSCs. Specifically, hypoxia promotes DP-MSC proliferation, survival, stemness, migration, and pro-angiogenic potential while modulating their multi-lineage differentiation capacity. Furthermore, hypoxia stimulates the paracrine activities of DP-MSCs, leading to an increased production of EVs and soluble factors. Considering these findings, hypoxia preconditioning has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the therapeutic potential of DP-MSCs. In this comprehensive review, we provide a systematic overview of the influence of hypoxia on DP-MSCs, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms involved. Moreover, we also discuss the potential applications of hypoxia-preconditioned DP-MSCs or their secretome in tissue regeneration. Additionally, we delve into the methodologies employed to simulate hypoxic environments. This review aims to promote a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the hypoxia-induced effects on DP-MSCs and facilitate the refinement of regenerative therapeutic strategies based on DP-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyuan Ma
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Loeffler DA. Enhancing of cerebral Abeta clearance by modulation of ABC transporter expression: a review of experimental approaches. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1368200. [PMID: 38872626 PMCID: PMC11170721 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1368200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ) from the brain is impaired in both early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mechanisms for clearing cerebral Aβ include proteolytic degradation, antibody-mediated clearance, blood brain barrier and blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier efflux, glymphatic drainage, and perivascular drainage. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are membrane efflux pumps driven by ATP hydrolysis. Their functions include maintenance of brain homeostasis by removing toxic peptides and compounds, and transport of bioactive molecules including cholesterol. Some ABC transporters contribute to lowering of cerebral Aβ. Mechanisms suggested for ABC transporter-mediated lowering of brain Aβ, in addition to exporting of Aβ across the blood brain and blood cerebrospinal fluid barriers, include apolipoprotein E lipidation, microglial activation, decreased amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein, and restricting the entrance of Aβ into the brain. The ABC transporter superfamily in humans includes 49 proteins, eight of which have been suggested to reduce cerebral Aβ levels. This review discusses experimental approaches for increasing the expression of these ABC transporters, clinical applications of these approaches, changes in the expression and/or activity of these transporters in AD and transgenic mouse models of AD, and findings in the few clinical trials which have examined the effects of these approaches in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment. The possibility that therapeutic upregulation of ABC transporters which promote clearance of cerebral Aβ may slow the clinical progression of AD merits further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Loeffler
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Research Institute, Corewell Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States
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Mughis H, Lye P, Imperio GE, Bloise E, Matthews SG. Hypoxia modulates P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) drug transporters in brain endothelial cells of the developing human blood-brain barrier. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30207. [PMID: 38737275 PMCID: PMC11088273 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters are localized at the luminal surface of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). They confer fetal brain protection against harmful compounds that may be circulating in the peripheral blood. The fetus develops in low oxygen levels; however, some obstetric pathologies such as pre-eclampsia, placenta accreta/previa may result in even greater fetal hypoxic states. We investigated how hypoxia impacts MDR transporters in human fetal brain endothelial cells (hfBECs) derived from early and mid-stages of pregnancy. Hypoxia decreased BCRP protein and activity in hfBECs derived in early pregnancy. In contrast, in hfBECs derived in mid-pregnancy there was an increase in P-gp and BCRP activity following hypoxia. Results suggest a hypoxia-induced reduction in fetal brain protection in early pregnancy, but a potential increase in transporter-mediated protection at the BBB during mid-gestation. This would modify accumulation of various key physiological and pharmacological substrates of P-gp and BCRP in the developing fetal brain and potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders commonly associated with in utero hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsah Mughis
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Phetcharawan Lye
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guinever E. Imperio
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Enrrico Bloise
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departmento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stephen G. Matthews
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Fiorito V, Tolosano E. Unearthing FLVCR1a: tracing the path to a vital cellular transporter. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:166. [PMID: 38581583 PMCID: PMC10998817 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup C Receptor 1a (FLVCR1a) is a member of the SLC49 Major Facilitator Superfamily of transporters. Initially recognized as the receptor for the retrovirus responsible of pure red cell aplasia in cats, nearly two decades since its discovery, FLVCR1a remains a puzzling transporter, with ongoing discussions regarding what it transports and how its expression is regulated. Nonetheless, despite this, the substantial body of evidence accumulated over the years has provided insights into several critical processes in which this transporter plays a complex role, and the health implications stemming from its malfunction. The present review intends to offer a comprehensive overview and a critical analysis of the existing literature on FLVCR1a, with the goal of emphasising the vital importance of this transporter for the organism and elucidating the interconnections among the various functions attributed to this transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Fiorito
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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7
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Mitchell-White JI, Briggs DA, Mistry SJ, Mbiwan HA, Kellam B, Holliday ND, Briddon SJ, Kerr ID. A time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer assay to investigate drug and inhibitor binding to ABCG2. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109915. [PMID: 38307314 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, ABCG2, is responsible for multidrug resistance in some tumours. Detailed knowledge of its activity is crucial for understanding drug transport and resistance in cancer, and has implications for wider pharmacokinetics. The binding of substrates and inhibitors is a key stage in the transport cycle of ABCG2. Here, we describe a novel binding assay using a high affinity fluorescent inhibitor based on Ko143 and time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) to measure saturation binding to ABCG2. This binding is displaced by Ko143 and other known ABCG2 ligands, and is sensitive to the addition of AMP-PNP, a non-hydrolysable ATP analogue. This assay complements the arsenal of methods for determining drug:ABCG2 interactions and has the possibility of being adaptable for other multidrug pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- James I Mitchell-White
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK.
| | - Deborah A Briggs
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Sarah J Mistry
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Hannah A Mbiwan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Barrie Kellam
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Nicholas D Holliday
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Ian D Kerr
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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8
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Damiani D, Tiribelli M. ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A New Molecular Target? Biomedicines 2024; 12:111. [PMID: 38255216 PMCID: PMC10813371 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress in the knowledge of disease pathogenesis and the identification of many molecular markers as potential targets of new therapies, the cure of acute myeloid leukemia remains challenging. Disease recurrence after an initial response and the development of resistance to old and new therapies account for the poor survival rate and still make allogeneic stem cell transplantation the only curative option. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a multifactorial phenomenon resulting from host-related characteristics and leukemia factors. Among these, the overexpression of membrane drug transporter proteins belonging to the ABC (ATP-Binding Cassette)-protein superfamily, which diverts drugs from their cellular targets, plays an important role. Moreover, a better understanding of leukemia biology has highlighted that, at least in cancer, ABC protein's role goes beyond simple drug transport and affects many other cell functions. In this paper, we summarized the current knowledge of ABCG2 (formerly Breast Cancer Resistance Protein, BCRP) in acute myeloid leukemia and discuss the potential ways to overcome its efflux function and to revert its ability to confer stemness to leukemia cells, favoring the persistence of leukemia progenitors in the bone marrow niche and justifying relapse also after therapy intensification with allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Damiani
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Udine Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Department of Medicine, Udine University, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mario Tiribelli
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Udine Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Department of Medicine, Udine University, 33100 Udine, Italy
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9
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Bharathiraja P, Yadav P, Sajid A, Ambudkar SV, Prasad NR. Natural medicinal compounds target signal transduction pathways to overcome ABC drug efflux transporter-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 71:101004. [PMID: 37660590 PMCID: PMC10840887 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters such as ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC1 are the major players in drug efflux-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR), which severely affects the efficacy of chemotherapy. Several synthetic compounds block the drug transport by ABC transporters; however, they exhibit a narrow therapeutic window, and produce side effects in non-target normal tissues. Conversely, the downregulation of the expression of ABC drug transporters seems to be a promising strategy to reverse MDR in cancer cells. Several signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, STAT3, Gli, NICD, YAP/TAZ, and Nrf2 upregulate the expression of ABC drug transporters in drug-resistant cancers. Recently, natural medicinal compounds have gained importance to overcome the ABC drug-efflux pump-mediated MDR in cancer. These compounds target transcription factors and the associated signal transduction pathways, thereby downregulating the expression of ABC transporters in drug-resistant cancer cells. Several potent natural compounds have been identified as lead candidates to synergistically enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy, and a few of them are already in clinical trials. Therefore, modulation of signal transduction pathways using natural medicinal compounds for the reversal of ABC drug transporter-mediated MDR in cancer is a novel approach for improving the efficiency of the existing chemotherapeutics. In this review, we discuss the modulatory role of natural medicinal compounds on cellular signaling pathways that regulate the expression of ABC transporters in drug-resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradhapsingh Bharathiraja
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priya Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Andaleeb Sajid
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256, USA
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256, USA.
| | - N Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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10
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Chandratre S, Olsen J, Howley R, Chen B. Targeting ABCG2 transporter to enhance 5-aminolevulinic acid for tumor visualization and photodynamic therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115851. [PMID: 37858868 PMCID: PMC10842008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been approved by the U. S. FDA for fluorescence-guided resection of high-grade glioma and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of superficial skin precancerous and cancerous lesions. As a prodrug, ALA administered orally or topically is metabolized in the heme biosynthesis pathway to produce protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), the active drug with red fluorescence and photosensitizing property. Preferential accumulation of PpIX in tumors after ALA administration enables the use of ALA for PpIX-mediated tumor fluorescence diagnosis and PDT, functioning as a photo-theranostic agent. Extensive research is currently underway to further enhance ALA-mediated PpIX tumor disposition for better tumor visualization and treatment. Particularly, the discovery of PpIX as a specific substrate of ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) opens the door to therapeutic enhancement with ABCG2 inhibitors. Studies with human tumor cell lines and human tumor samples have demonstrated ABCG2 as an important biological determinant of reduced ALA-PpIX tumor accumulation, inhibition of which greatly enhances ALA-PpIX fluorescence and PDT response. These studies strongly support targeting ABCG2 as an effective therapeutic enhancement approach. In this review, we would like to summarize current research of ABCG2 as a drug efflux transporter in multidrug resistance, highlight previous works on targeting ABCG2 for therapeutic enhancement of ALA, and provide future perspectives on how to translate this ABCG2-targeted therapeutic enhancement strategy from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharayu Chandratre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jordyn Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Howley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Yan S, Wang J, Chen H, Zhang D, Imam M. Divergent features of ERβ isoforms in triple negative breast cancer: progress and implications for further research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1240386. [PMID: 37936981 PMCID: PMC10626554 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1240386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) was discovered more than 20 years ago. However, the extent and role of ERβ expression in breast cancer remain controversial, especially in the context of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). ERβ exists as multiple isoforms, and a series of studies has revealed an inconsistent role of ERβ isoforms in TNBC. Our recent results demonstrated contrasting functions of ERβ1 and ERβ2/β5 in TNBC. Additional research should be conducted to explore the functions of individual ERβ isoforms and develop targeted drugs according to the relevant mechanisms. Consequently, a systematic review of ERβ isoforms is necessary. In this review, we overview the structure of ERβ isoforms and detail what is known about the function of ERβ isoforms in normal mammary tissue and breast cancer. Moreover, this review highlights the divergent features of ERβ isoforms in TNBC. This review also provides insights into the implications of targeting ERβ isoforms for clinical treatment. In conclusion, this review provides a framework delineating the roles and mechanisms of different ERβ isoforms in TNBC and sheds light on future directions for basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchao Yan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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12
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Sutehall S, Malinsky F, Shurlock J, Wang G, Bosch A, Pitsiladis YP. Whole-Blood and Peripheral Mononuclear Cell Transcriptional Response to Prolonged Altitude Exposure in Well-Trained Runners. Clin J Sport Med 2023; 33:e135-e144. [PMID: 37656978 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) abuse by athletes threatens the integrity of sport. Due to the overlap in physiological response to rHuEpo and altitude exposure, it remains difficult to differentiate changes in hematological variables caused by rHuEpo or altitude, and therefore, other molecular methods to enhance anti-doping should be explored. OBJECTIVE To identify the hematological and transcriptomic response to prolonged altitude exposure typical of practices used by elite athletes. DESIGN Longitudinal study. SETTING University of Cape Town and Altitude Training Centre in Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION Fourteen well-trained athletes sojourned to an altitude training camp in Sululta, Ethiopia (∼2400-2500 m above sea level) for 27 days. Blood samples were taken before arrival, 24 hours, and 9, 16, and 24 days after arrival at altitude in addition to 24 hours and 6, 13, and 27 days upon return to sea level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and reticulocyte percentage. The transcriptomic response in whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed using gene expression microarrays. RESULTS A unique set of 29 and 10 genes were identified to be commonly expressed at every altitude time point in whole blood and PBMC, respectively. There were no genes identified upon return to sea level in whole blood, and only one gene within PBMC. CONCLUSIONS The current study has identified a series of unique genes that can now be integrated with genes previously validated for rHuEpo abuse, thereby enabling the differentiation of rHuEpo from altitude exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Sutehall
- Division of Physiological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fernanda Malinsky
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Guan Wang
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bosch
- Centre for Exercise Sciences and Sports Medicine, FIMS Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Centre for Exercise Sciences and Sports Medicine, FIMS Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Rome, Italy
- European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations (EFSMA), Lausanne, Switzerland; and
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Lynch J, Wang Y, Li Y, Kavdia K, Fukuda Y, Ranjit S, Robinson CG, Grace CR, Xia Y, Peng J, Schuetz JD. A PPIX-binding probe facilitates discovery of PPIX-induced cell death modulation by peroxiredoxin. Commun Biol 2023; 6:673. [PMID: 37355765 PMCID: PMC10290680 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
While heme synthesis requires the formation of a potentially lethal intermediate, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), surprisingly little is known about the mechanism of its toxicity, aside from its phototoxicity. The cellular protein interactions of PPIX might provide insight into modulators of PPIX-induced cell death. Here we report the development of PPB, a biotin-conjugated, PPIX-probe that captures proteins capable of interacting with PPIX. Quantitative proteomics in a diverse panel of mammalian cell lines reveal a high degree of concordance for PPB-interacting proteins identified for each cell line. Most differences are quantitative, despite marked differences in PPIX formation and sensitivity. Pathway and quantitative difference analysis indicate that iron and heme metabolism proteins are prominent among PPB-bound proteins in fibroblasts, which undergo PPIX-mediated death determined to occur through ferroptosis. PPB proteomic data (available at PRIDE ProteomeXchange # PXD042631) reveal that redox proteins from PRDX family of glutathione peroxidases interact with PPIX. Targeted gene knockdown of the mitochondrial PRDX3, but not PRDX1 or 2, enhance PPIX-induced death in fibroblasts, an effect blocked by the radical-trapping antioxidant, ferrostatin-1. Increased PPIX formation and death was also observed in a T-lymphoblastoid ferrochelatase-deficient leukemia cell line, suggesting that PPIX elevation might serve as a potential strategy for killing certain leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lynch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Kanisha Kavdia
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yu Fukuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Sabina Ranjit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Camenzind G Robinson
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Christy R Grace
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Youlin Xia
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - John D Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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14
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Sałagacka-Kubiak A, Zawada D, Saed L, Kordek R, Jeleń A, Balcerczak E. ABCG2 Gene and ABCG2 Protein Expression in Colorectal Cancer-In Silico and Wet Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10539. [PMID: 37445716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCG2 (ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2) is a cell membrane pump encoded by the ABCG2 gene. ABCG2 can protect cells against compounds initiating and/or intensifying neoplasia and is considered a marker of stem cells responsible for cancer growth, drug resistance and recurrence. Expression of the ABCG2 gene or its protein has been shown to be a negative prognostic factor in various malignancies. However, its prognostic significance in colorectal cancer remains unclear. Using publicly available data, ABCG2 was shown to be underexpressed in colon and rectum adenocarcinomas, with lower expression compared to both the adjacent nonmalignant lung tissues and non-tumour lung tissues of healthy individuals. This downregulation could result from the methylation level of some sites of the ABCG2 gene. This was connected with microsatellite instability, weight and age among patients with colon adenocarcinoma, and with tumour localization, population type and age of patients for rectum adenocarcinoma. No association was found between ABCG2 expression level and survival of colorectal cancer patients. In wet analysis of colorectal cancer samples, neither ABCG2 gene expression, analysed by RT-PCR, nor ABCG2 protein level, assessed by immunohistochemistry, was associated with any clinicopathological factors or overall survival. An ABCG2-centered protein-protein interaction network build by STRING showed proteins were found to be involved in leukotriene, organic anion and xenobiotic transport, endodermal cell fate specification, and histone methylation and ubiquitination. Hence, ABCG2 underexpression could be an indicator of the activity of certain signalling pathways or protein interactors essential for colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Sałagacka-Kubiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dawid Zawada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lias Saed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radzisław Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jeleń
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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15
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Sekar V, Veerabathiran R, Pandian A, Sivamani G. Targeting liver cancer stem cell through EpCAM therapy targeted with chemotherapy endorse enhanced progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2023; 13:29. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-023-00263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Two chief hurdles in most cancer treatments are chemoresistance and tumor recurrence, especially counting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most conformist chemotherapy fails to completely cure HCC patients because of its susceptibility to develop multidrug resistance (MDR) through factors such as hypoxia, cancer stem cells, and drug efflux mechanism cancer stem cells (CSC) which are significant factors involved in chemoresistance. It has been exposed that targeting liver cancer stem cells and chemotherapeutic drugs have a better selected, overall survival rate for hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Aim
This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of targeting stem cells for liver cancer using a therapy that targets EpCAM in combination with chemotherapy and how this approach can enhance the treatment outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma, the most prevalent kind of liver cancer.
Results
The outcome was studied by flow cytometry, Western blot, RT-PCR, and cytotoxicity assays. EpCAM gene silenced and XAV939-treated cells showed decreased expression of CD133, a liver cancer stem cell (LCSC) marker in flow cytometry analysis, and reduced expression of ABCG2 gene, which is a reliable marker for chemoresistance in RT-PCR and western blot analysis; it was also unable to form colonies in colony forming assay. Similarly, in the spheroid formation assay, EpCAM gene silenced cells and XAV939-treated cells in combinations with cisplatin treatment were powerless to appear spheroid, whereas cisplatin alone-treated cells showed spheroids. In the cytotoxicity assay, cisplatin alone and combined with EpCAM silenced and XAV939-treated cells showed more lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release than EpCAM silenced arm XAV939 treated components.
Conclusion
These findings confirm our hypothesis that conventional chemotherapy kills cancer cells but not cancer stem cells. We believe EpCAM-targeted therapy enhances chemosensitivity and decreases relapsed chances. This approach might be the best option for a better prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
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16
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Dausinas Ni P, Hartman M, Slack J, Basile C, Liu S, Wan J, O'Leary HA. Novel differential calcium regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells under physiological low oxygen conditions. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37051890 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Low oxygen bone marrow (BM) niches (~1%-4% low O2 ) provide critical signals for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/HSPCs). Our presented data are the first to investigate live, sorted HSC/HSPCs in their native low O2 conditions. Transcriptional and proteomic analysis uncovered differential Ca2+ regulation that correlated with overlapping phenotypic populations consisting of robust increases of cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ , ABC transporter (ABCG2) expression and sodium/hydrogen exchanger (NHE1) expression in live, HSC/HSPCs remaining in constant low O2. We identified a novel Ca2+ high population in HSPCs predominantly detected in low O2 that displayed enhanced frequency of phenotypic LSK/LSKCD150 in low O2 replating assays compared to Ca2+ low populations. Inhibition of the Ca2+ regulator NHE1 (Cariporide) resulted in attenuation of both the low O2 induced Ca2+ high population and subsequent enhanced maintenance of phenotypic LSK and LSKCD150 during low O2 replating. These data reveal multiple levels of differential Ca2+ regulation in low O2 resulting in phenotypic, signaling, and functional consequences in HSC/HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Dausinas Ni
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Melissa Hartman
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jacob Slack
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Christopher Basile
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Center of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Center of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Heather A O'Leary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
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17
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Damiani D, Tiribelli M. ABCG2 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Old and New Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087147. [PMID: 37108308 PMCID: PMC10138346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances, prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unsatisfactory due to poor response to therapy or relapse. Among causes of resistance, over-expression of multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins represents a pivotal mechanism. ABCG2 is an efflux transporter responsible for inducing MDR in leukemic cells; through its ability to extrude many antineoplastic drugs, it leads to AML resistance and/or relapse, even if conflicting data have been reported to date. Moreover, ABCG2 may be co-expressed with other MDR-related proteins and is finely regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Here, we review the main issues regarding ABCG2 activity and regulation in the AML clinical scenario, focusing on its expression and the role of polymorphisms, as well as on the potential ways to inhibit its function to counteract drug resistance to, eventually, improve outcomes in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Damiani
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Udine Hospital, P.le Santa Maria della Misericordia, 5, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mario Tiribelli
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Udine Hospital, P.le Santa Maria della Misericordia, 5, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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18
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Özvegy-Laczka C, Ungvári O, Bakos É. Fluorescence-based methods for studying activity and drug-drug interactions of hepatic solute carrier and ATP binding cassette proteins involved in ADME-Tox. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115448. [PMID: 36758706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In humans, approximately 70% of drugs are eliminated through the liver. This process is governed by the concerted action of membrane transporters and metabolic enzymes. Transporters mediating hepatocellular uptake of drugs belong to the SLC (Solute carrier) superfamily of transporters. Drug efflux either toward the portal vein or into the bile is mainly mediated by active transporters of the ABC (ATP Binding Cassette) family. Alteration in the function and/or expression of liver transporters due to mutations, disease conditions, or co-administration of drugs or food components can result in altered pharmacokinetics. On the other hand, drugs or food components interacting with liver transporters may also interfere with liver function (e.g., bile acid homeostasis) and may even cause liver toxicity. Accordingly, certain transporters of the liver should be investigated already at an early stage of drug development. Most frequently radioactive probes are applied in these drug-transporter interaction tests. However, fluorescent probes are cost-effective and sensitive alternatives to radioligands, and are gaining wider application in drug-transporter interaction tests. In our review, we summarize our current understanding about hepatocyte ABC and SLC transporters affected by drug interactions. We provide an update of the available fluorescent and fluorogenic/activable probes applicable in in vitro or in vivo testing of these ABC and SLC transporters, including near-infrared transporter probes especially suitable for in vivo imaging. Furthermore, our review gives a comprehensive overview of the available fluorescence-based methods, not directly relying on the transport of the probe, suitable for the investigation of hepatic ABC or SLC-type drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Ungvári
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bakos
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary
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19
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Richter AS, Nägele T, Grimm B, Kaufmann K, Schroda M, Leister D, Kleine T. Retrograde signaling in plants: A critical review focusing on the GUN pathway and beyond. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100511. [PMID: 36575799 PMCID: PMC9860301 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plastids communicate their developmental and physiological status to the nucleus via retrograde signaling, allowing nuclear gene expression to be adjusted appropriately. Signaling during plastid biogenesis and responses of mature chloroplasts to environmental changes are designated "biogenic" and "operational" controls, respectively. A prominent example of the investigation of biogenic signaling is the screen for gun (genomes uncoupled) mutants. Although the first five gun mutants were identified 30 years ago, the functions of GUN proteins in retrograde signaling remain controversial, and that of GUN1 is hotly disputed. Here, we provide background information and critically discuss recently proposed concepts that address GUN-related signaling and some novel gun mutants. Moreover, considering heme as a candidate in retrograde signaling, we revisit the spatial organization of heme biosynthesis and export from plastids. Although this review focuses on GUN pathways, we also highlight recent progress in the identification and elucidation of chloroplast-derived signals that regulate the acclimation response in green algae and plants. Here, stress-induced accumulation of unfolded/misassembled chloroplast proteins evokes a chloroplast-specific unfolded protein response, which leads to changes in the expression levels of nucleus-encoded chaperones and proteases to restore plastid protein homeostasis. We also address the importance of chloroplast-derived signals for activation of flavonoid biosynthesis leading to production of anthocyanins during stress acclimation through sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 1. Finally, a framework for identification and quantification of intercompartmental signaling cascades at the proteomic and metabolomic levels is provided, and we discuss future directions of dissection of organelle-nucleus communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas S Richter
- Physiology of Plant Metabolism, Institute for Biosciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kaufmann
- Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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20
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Chilakamarthi U, Mahadik NS, Koteshwar D, Krishna NV, Giribabu L, Banerjee R. Potentiation of novel porphyrin based photodynamic therapy against colon cancer with low dose doxorubicin and elucidating the molecular signalling pathways responsible for relapse. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 238:112625. [PMID: 36529058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising non-invasive treatment modality for cancer and can be potentiated by combination with chemotherapy. Here, we combined PDT of novel porphyrin-based photosensitizers with low dose doxorubicin (Dox) to get maximum outcome. Dox potentiated and showed synergism with PDT under in vitro conditions on CT26.WT cells. The current colon cancer treatment strategies assure partial or even complete tumour regression but loco-regional relapse or distant metastasis is the major cause of death despite combination therapy. The spared cells after the treatment contribute to relapse and it is important to study their behaviour in host environment. Hence, we developed relapse models for PDT, Dox and combination treatments by transplanting respectively treated equal number of live cells to mice (n = 5) for tumour formation. Most of the treated cells lost tumour forming ability, but some treatment resistant cells developed tumours in few mice. These tumours served as relapse models and Western blot analysis of tumour samples provided clinically relevant information to delineate resistance strategies of individual as well as combination therapies at molecular level. Our results showed that low dose Dox helped in increasing the tumour inhibiting effect of PDT in combination therapy, but still there are indeed possibilities of relapse at later stages due to chemoresistance and immune suppression that may occur post-treatment. We observed that the combination therapy may also lead to the development of multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype during relapse. Thus, this study provided clinically relevant information to further strengthen and improve PDT-drug combination therapy in order to avoid relapse and to treat cancer more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushasri Chilakamarthi
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - Namita S Mahadik
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Devulapally Koteshwar
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Narra Vamsi Krishna
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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21
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Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhao J, Chen H, Li N, Chen X, Zhao D. Preclinical pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, excretion, and plasma protein binding study of 58Fe-labeled hemin by ICP-MS. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 75:127096. [PMID: 36272193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemin, a stable form of heme iron, is a potential iron supplement for the treatment of iron deficiency. To date, the pharmacokinetics and in vivo ADME properties of hemin are to be elucidated. METHODS In this study, a rapid, sensitive, and validated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method was used in combination with 58Fe stable isotope labeling to systemically investigate the plasma pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, excretion, and plasma binding profiles of hemin in animals. RESULTS Results showed that the ICP-MS method is accurate and sensitive enough to quantitatively determine the in vivo disposition process of 58Fe derived from 58Fe-labeled hemin. Following intra-gastric administration, 58Fe was rapidly absorbed in gastrointestinal tract, with Cmax of 41.1 ± 23.1 ng/mL, Tmax of 1.38 ± 0.48 h, and bioavailability of 1.12 ± 0.45 % in beagle dogs. Moreover, 58Fe was distributed to various organs including stomach, small intestine, spleen, and liver, within a few hours after intra-gastric administration in rats. Excretion of 58Fe in rats was predominantly via feces (76.3 ± 15.1 % of dosage), whereas minimally via urine (0.14 ± 0.08 % of dosage). Protein binding study revealed majority of 58Fe in plasma was bound to proteins, with average binding rates of 81.0 % and 92.7 % in human and rat plasma, respectively. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the present study validated the work-flow of preclinical pharmacokinetic studies of iron-containing drug candidates with using ICP-MS and stable (trace) isotope labeling strategy. It also provided useful information to support the further development of hemin as a drug/nutrition supplement candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Center of Phase I Clinical Trials, Nanjing Gaoxin Hospital, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Animal Experimental Center, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Huili Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, USA
| | - Ning Li
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
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22
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Why Do Dietary Flavonoids Have a Promising Effect as Enhancers of Anthracyclines? Hydroxyl Substituents, Bioavailability and Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010391. [PMID: 36613834 PMCID: PMC9820151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines currently play a key role in the treatment of many cancers, but the limiting factor of their use is the widespread phenomenon of drug resistance and untargeted toxicity. Flavonoids have pleiotropic, beneficial effects on human health that, apart from antioxidant activity, are currently considered small molecules-starting structures for drug development and enhancers of conventional therapeutics. This paper is a review of the current and most important data on the participation of a selected series of flavonoids: chrysin, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin, which differ in the presence of an additional hydroxyl group, in the formation of a synergistic effect with anthracycline antibiotics. The review includes a characterization of the mechanism of action of flavonoids, as well as insight into the physicochemical parameters determining their bioavailability in vitro. The crosstalk between flavonoids and the molecular activity of anthracyclines discussed in the article covers the most important common areas of action, such as (1) disruption of DNA integrity (genotoxic effect), (2) modulation of antioxidant response pathways, and (3) inhibition of the activity of membrane proteins responsible for the active transport of drugs and xenobiotics. The increase in knowledge about the relationship between the molecular structure of flavonoids and their biological effect makes it possible to more effectively search for derivatives with a synergistic effect with anthracyclines and to develop better therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer.
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Han TH, Lee JD, Seo BC, Jeon WH, Yang HA, Kim S, Haam K, Park MK, Park J, Han TS, Ban HS. Cancer-specific cytotoxicity of pyridinium-based ionic liquids by regulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-centric cancer metabolism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114334. [PMID: 36442398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their unique properties and biological activities, ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted research interest in pharmaceutics and medicine. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)- 1α is an attractive cancer drug target involved in cancer malignancy in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Herein, we report the inhibitory activity of ILs on the HIF-1α pathway and their mechanism of action. Substitution of a dimethylamino group on pyridinium reduced hypoxia-induced HIF-1α activation. It selectively inhibited the viability of the human colon cancer cell line HCT116, compared to that of the normal fibroblast cell line WI-38. These activities were enhanced by increasing the alkyl chain length in the pyridinium. Under hypoxic conditions, dimethylaminopyridinium reduced the accumulation of HIF-1α and its target genes without affecting the HIF1A mRNA level in cancer cells. It suppressed the oxygen consumption rate and ATP production by directly inhibiting electron transfer chain complex I, which led to enhanced intracellular oxygen content and oxygen-dependent degradation of HIF-1α under hypoxia. These results indicate that dimethylaminopyridinium suppresses the mitochondria and HIF-1α-dependent glucose metabolic pathway in hypoxic cancer cells. This study provides insights into the anticancer activity of pyridinium-based ILs through the regulation of cancer metabolism, making them promising candidates for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Han
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Jong-Dae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, 309 Pilmundaero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, South Korea.
| | - Beom-Chan Seo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, 309 Pilmundaero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Won-Hui Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, 309 Pilmundaero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Hyun-A Yang
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Seongyeong Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Keeok Haam
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Min Kyung Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Junhee Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Tae-Su Han
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Ban
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
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Kurokawa H, Ito H, Matano D, Terasaki M, Matsui H. Acetic acid enhances the effect of photodynamic therapy in gastric cancer cells via the production of reactive oxygen species. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 71:206-211. [PMID: 36447491 PMCID: PMC9701594 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetic acid is a major component of vinegar and is reported to have beneficial health effects. Notably, it causes oxidative stress and enhances the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in gastric cancer cells. ROS play important roles in cellular signal transduction, resulting in the regulation of protein expression and apoptosis. We previously reported that ROS upregulate heme carrier protein 1 (HCP1). Moreover, ROS increase the cellular uptake of porphyrins, which are precursors of heme and substrates for uptake by HCP1. Therefore, we hypothesized that photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment using laser irradiation and photosensitizers, such as porphyrin, is enhanced via ROS produced by acetic acid. Herein, we used the rat gastric mucosal cells, RGM1, its cancer-like mutated cells, RGK1, and a manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)-overexpressing RGK cell line, RGK-MnSOD. We confirmed that cancer-specific cellular uptake of porphyrin is increased upon acetic acid treatment and enhances the PDT cytotoxicity in RGK-1, not in RGM-1 and RGK-MnSOD. We believe that this occurs because of the overproduction of ROS and subsequent upregulation of HCP1 in cancerous cells. In conclusion, acetic acid can elevate the effect of PDT by inducing cancer-specific HCP1 expression via ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kurokawa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Algae Biomass Research and Development, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matano
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiko Terasaki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsui
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Algae Biomass Research and Development, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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New Insights on Heme Uptake in Leishmania spp. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810501. [PMID: 36142411 PMCID: PMC9504327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Leishmania, responsible for leishmaniasis, is one of the few aerobic organisms that cannot synthesize the essential molecule heme. Therefore, it has developed specialized pathways to scavenge it from its host. In recent years, some proteins involved in the import of heme, such as LHR1 and LFLVCRB, have been identified, but relevant aspects regarding the process remain unknown. Here, we characterized the kinetics of the uptake of the heme analogue Zn(II) Mesoporphyrin IX (ZnMP) in Leishmania major promastigotes as a model of a parasite causing cutaneous leishmaniasis with special focus on the force that drives the process. We found that ZnMP uptake is an active, inducible, and pH-dependent process that does not require a plasma membrane proton gradient but requires the presence of the monovalent cations Na+ and/or K+. In addition, we demonstrated that this parasite can efflux this porphyrin against a concentration gradient. We also found that ZnMP uptake differs among different dermotropic or viscerotropic Leishmania species and does not correlate with LHR1 or LFLVCRB expression levels. Finally, we showed that these transporters have only partially overlapping functions. Altogether, these findings contribute to a deeper understanding of an important process in the biology of this parasite.
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da Costa KM, Valente RDC, da Fonseca LM, Freire-de-Lima L, Previato JO, Mendonça-Previato L. The History of the ABC Proteins in Human Trypanosomiasis Pathogens. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11090988. [PMID: 36145420 PMCID: PMC9505544 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human trypanosomiasis affects nearly eight million people worldwide, causing great economic and social impact, mainly in endemic areas. T. cruzi and T. brucei are protozoan parasites that present efficient mechanisms of immune system evasion, leading to disease chronification. Currently, there is no vaccine, and chemotherapy is effective only in the absence of severe clinical manifestations. Nevertheless, resistant phenotypes to chemotherapy have been described in protozoan parasites, associated with cross-resistance to other chemically unrelated drugs. Multidrug resistance is multifactorial, involving: (i) drug entry, (ii) activation, (iii) metabolism and (iv) efflux pathways. In this context, ABC transporters, initially discovered in resistant tumor cells, have drawn attention in protozoan parasites, owing to their ability to decrease drug accumulation, thus mitigating their toxic effects. The discovery of these transporters in the Trypanosomatidae family started in the 1990s; however, few members were described and functionally characterized. This review contains a brief history of the main ABC transporters involved in resistance that propelled their investigation in Trypanosoma species, the main efflux modulators, as well as ABC genes described in T. cruzi and T. brucei according to the nomenclature HUGO. We hope to convey the importance that ABC transporters play in parasite physiology and chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Monteiro da Costa
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Correspondence: (K.M.C.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Raphael do Carmo Valente
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Multidisciplinar em Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Duque de Caxias Prof. Geraldo Cidade, Duque de Caxias 25250-470, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Marques da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Jose Osvaldo Previato
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Lucia Mendonça-Previato
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Correspondence: (K.M.C.); (L.M.P.)
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Ma Y, Guo Z, Fan C, Chen J, Xu S, Liu Z. Rationally Screened and Designed ABCG2-Binding Aptamers for Targeting Cancer Stem Cells and Reversing Multidrug Resistance. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7375-7382. [PMID: 35544739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G, isoform 2 protein (ABCG2), as an important member of ABC transporters, plays a key role in multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer and has been widely considered as a marker of cancer stem cells (CSC). Reagents capable of simultaneously targeting ABCG2 and reversing MDR have great clinical application values, but their development is highly challenging. Herein, ABCG2 glycosylated extracellular region-binding aptamers were efficiently screened by a cladded molecularly imprinted polymer (cMIP)-based in vitro screening method and further rationally engineered into cyclic bivalent aptamers. Experiments showed that both the monovalent and cyclic bivalent aptamers could specifically bind ABCG2 and thereby specially target CSC of human colorectal carcinomas (CoCSC), while the latter could effectively reverse MDR in drug-resistant liver cancer cells (HepG2/ADR). Different from currently predominant small molecule inhibitors, the reversal of MDR relied on a different mechanism; the cyclic bivalent aptamers bound the two monomers of ABCG2 dimers simultaneously and thereby blocked the ABCG2-mediated drug-pumping channel, resulting in increased intracellular accumulation of substrate drugs. This study opened a new access to the development of affinity reagents for targeting CSC and reversing MDR, holding great prospects in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhanchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chuanwen Fan
- Medical Center of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingran Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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EGFR signaling pathway as therapeutic target in human cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:253-275. [PMID: 35427766 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) enacts major roles in the maintenance of epithelial tissues. However, when EGFR signaling is altered, it becomes the grand orchestrator of epithelial transformation, and hence one of the most world-wide studied tyrosine kinase receptors involved in neoplasia, in several tissues. In the last decades, EGFR-targeted therapies shaped the new era of precision-oncology. Despite major advances, the dream of converting solid tumors into a chronic disease is still unfulfilled, and long-term remission eludes us. Studies investigating the function of this protein in solid malignancies have revealed numerous ways how tumor cells dysregulate EGFR function. Starting from preclinical models (cell lines, organoids, murine models) and validating in clinical specimens, EGFR-related oncogenic pathways, mechanisms of resistance, and novel avenues to inhibit tumor growth and metastatic spread enriching the therapeutic portfolios, were identified. Focusing on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where EGFR mutations are major players in the adenocarcinoma subtype, we will go over the most relevant discoveries that led us to understand EGFR and beyond, and highlight how they revolutionized cancer treatment by expanding the therapeutic arsenal at our disposal.
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Targeting breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2): Functional inhibitors and expression modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Mazurek M, Szczepanek D, Orzyłowska A, Rola R. Analysis of Factors Affecting 5-ALA Fluorescence Intensity in Visualizing Glial Tumor Cells-Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020926. [PMID: 35055109 PMCID: PMC8779265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial tumors are one of the most common lesions of the central nervous system. Despite the implementation of appropriate treatment, the prognosis is not successful. As shown in the literature, maximal tumor resection is a key element in improving therapeutic outcome. One of the methods to achieve it is the use of fluorescent intraoperative navigation with 5-aminolevulinic acid. Unfortunately, often the level of fluorescence emitted is not satisfactory, resulting in difficulties in the course of surgery. This article summarizes currently available knowledge regarding differences in the level of emitted fluorescence. It may depend on both the histological type and the genetic profile of the tumor, which is reflected in the activity and expression of enzymes involved in the intracellular metabolism of fluorescent dyes, such as PBGD, FECH, UROS, and ALAS. The transport of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its metabolites across the blood–brain barrier and cell membranes mediated by transporters, such as ABCB6 and ABCG2, is also important. Accompanying therapies, such as antiepileptic drugs or steroids, also have an impact on light emission by tumor cells. Accurate determination of the factors influencing the fluorescence of 5-aminolevulinic acid-treated cells may contribute to the improvement of fluorescence navigation in patients with highly malignant gliomas.
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Godet I, Mamo M, Thurnheer A, Rosen DM, Gilkes DM. Post-Hypoxic Cells Promote Metastatic Recurrence after Chemotherapy Treatment in TNBC. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215509. [PMID: 34771673 PMCID: PMC8583122 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intratumoral hypoxia is a negative prognostic factor in breast cancer progression and recurrence. By implementing a hypoxia fate-mapping system, we followed cells that experience intratumoral hypoxia in vivo and determined that these cells have an increased ability to metastasize compared to cells that were never exposed to hypoxia. In this work, we investigate whether cells that experienced intratumoral hypoxia are also resistant to chemotherapy. By utilizing both in vivo and ex vivo models, we conclude that metastatic cells found in the lung and liver, that were exposed to hypoxia in the primary tumor, are less sensitive to doxorubicin and paclitaxel and drive recurrence after treatment. Our studies also suggest that chemoresistance is associated with a cancer stem cell-like phenotype that is maintained in post-hypoxic cells. Abstract Hypoxia occurs in 90% of solid tumors and is associated with treatment failure, relapse, and mortality. HIF-1α signaling promotes resistance to chemotherapy in cancer cell lines and murine models via multiple mechanisms including the enrichment of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). In this work, we utilize a hypoxia fate-mapping system to determine whether triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells that experience hypoxia in the primary tumor are resistant to chemotherapy at sites of metastasis. Using two orthotopic mouse models of TNBC, we demonstrate that cells that experience intratumoral hypoxia and metastasize to the lung and liver have decreased sensitivity to doxorubicin and paclitaxel but not cisplatin or 5-FU. Resistance to therapy leads to metastatic recurrence caused by post-hypoxic cells. We further determined that the post-hypoxic cells that metastasize are enriched in pathways related to cancer stem cell gene expression. Overall, our results show that even when hypoxic cancer cells are reoxygenated in the bloodstream they retain a hypoxia-induced cancer stem cell-like phenotype that persists and promotes resistance and eventually recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Godet
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (I.G.); (M.M.); (D.M.R.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Mahelet Mamo
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (I.G.); (M.M.); (D.M.R.)
| | - Andrea Thurnheer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | - D. Marc Rosen
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (I.G.); (M.M.); (D.M.R.)
| | - Daniele M. Gilkes
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (I.G.); (M.M.); (D.M.R.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kukal S, Guin D, Rawat C, Bora S, Mishra MK, Sharma P, Paul PR, Kanojia N, Grewal GK, Kukreti S, Saso L, Kukreti R. Multidrug efflux transporter ABCG2: expression and regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6887-6939. [PMID: 34586444 PMCID: PMC11072723 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette efflux transporter G2 (ABCG2) was originally discovered in a multidrug-resistant breast cancer cell line. Studies in the past have expanded the understanding of its role in physiology, disease pathology and drug resistance. With a widely distributed expression across different cell types, ABCG2 plays a central role in ATP-dependent efflux of a vast range of endogenous and exogenous molecules, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis and providing tissue protection against xenobiotic insults. However, ABCG2 expression is subjected to alterations under various pathophysiological conditions such as inflammation, infection, tissue injury, disease pathology and in response to xenobiotics and endobiotics. These changes may interfere with the bioavailability of therapeutic substrate drugs conferring drug resistance and in certain cases worsen the pathophysiological state aggravating its severity. Considering the crucial role of ABCG2 in normal physiology, therapeutic interventions directly targeting the transporter function may produce serious side effects. Therefore, modulation of transporter regulation instead of inhibiting the transporter itself will allow subtle changes in ABCG2 activity. This requires a thorough comprehension of diverse factors and complex signaling pathways (Kinases, Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic hedgehog) operating at multiple regulatory levels dictating ABCG2 expression and activity. This review features a background on the physiological role of transporter, factors that modulate ABCG2 levels and highlights various signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms and genetic polymorphisms in ABCG2 regulation. This understanding will aid in identifying potential molecular targets for therapeutic interventions to overcome ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) and to manage ABCG2-related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Kukal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debleena Guin
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Chitra Rawat
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shivangi Bora
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Manish Kumar Mishra
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Priya Sharma
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Priyanka Rani Paul
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Grewal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kanya Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144004, India
| | - Shrikant Kukreti
- Nucleic Acids Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Gastric cancer stem cells survive in stress environments via their autophagy system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20664. [PMID: 34667215 PMCID: PMC8526688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in the progression of carcinoma and have a high potential for survival in stress environments. However, the mechanisms of survival potential of CSCs have been unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of autophagy systems of CSCs under stress environments. Four gastric cancer cell line were used. Side population (SP) cells were sorted from the parent cells, as CSC rich cells. The expression of stem cell markers was examined by RT-PCR. The viability of cancer cells under starvation and hypoxia was evaluated. The expression level of the autophagy molecule LC3B-II was examined by western blot. The numbers of autophagosomes and autolysosomes were counted by electron microscope. SP cells of OCUM-12 showed a higher expression of stem cell markers and higher viability in starvation and hypoxia. Western blot and electron microscope examinations indicated that the autophagy was more induced in SP cells than in parent cells. The autophagy inhibitor significantly decreased the viability under the stress environments. These findings suggested that Cancer stem cells of gastric cancer might maintain their viability via the autophagy system. Autophagy inhibitors might be a promising therapeutic agent for gastric cancer.
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Yu Q, Ni D, Kowal J, Manolaridis I, Jackson SM, Stahlberg H, Locher KP. Structures of ABCG2 under turnover conditions reveal a key step in the drug transport mechanism. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4376. [PMID: 34282134 PMCID: PMC8289821 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCG2 is a multidrug transporter that affects drug pharmacokinetics and contributes to multidrug resistance of cancer cells. In previously reported structures, the reaction cycle was halted by the absence of substrates or ATP, mutation of catalytic residues, or the presence of small-molecule inhibitors or inhibitory antibodies. Here we present cryo-EM structures of ABCG2 under turnover conditions containing either the endogenous substrate estrone-3-sulfate or the exogenous substrate topotecan. We find two distinct conformational states in which both the transport substrates and ATP are bound. Whereas the state turnover-1 features more widely separated NBDs and an accessible substrate cavity between the TMDs, turnover-2 features semi-closed NBDs and an almost fully occluded substrate cavity. Substrate size appears to control which turnover state is mainly populated. The conformational changes between turnover-1 and turnover-2 states reveal how ATP binding is linked to the closing of the cytoplasmic side of the TMDs. The transition from turnover-1 to turnover-2 is the likely bottleneck or rate-limiting step of the reaction cycle, where the discrimination of substrates and inhibitors occurs. ABCG2 is a transporter contributing to multidrug resistance of cancer cells. Here, structures of human ABCG2 under turnover conditions reveal distinct conformational states, provide insight into the transport cycle and suggest a mechanism of discrimination between substrates and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yu
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dongchun Ni
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Biological Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics, SB, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julia Kowal
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Manolaridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Scott M Jackson
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Biological Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics, SB, EPFL, and Dep. Fund. Microbiol., Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar P Locher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Ganguly S, Finkelstein D, Shaw TI, Michalek RD, Zorn KM, Ekins S, Yasuda K, Fukuda Y, Schuetz JD, Mukherjee K, Schuetz EG. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals endogenous substrates and metabolic adaptation in rats lacking Abcg2 and Abcb1a transporters. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253852. [PMID: 34255797 PMCID: PMC8277073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abcg2/Bcrp and Abcb1a/Pgp are xenobiotic efflux transporters limiting substrate permeability in the gastrointestinal system and brain, and increasing renal and hepatic drug clearance. The systemic impact of Bcrp and Pgp ablation on metabolic homeostasis of endogenous substrates is incompletely understood. We performed untargeted metabolomics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, transcriptomics of brain, liver and kidney from male Sprague Dawley rats (WT) and Bcrp/Pgp double knock-out (dKO) rats, and integrated metabolomic/transcriptomic analysis to identify putative substrates and perturbations in canonical metabolic pathways. A predictive Bayesian machine learning model was used to predict in silico those metabolites with greater substrate-like features for either transporters. The CSF and plasma levels of 169 metabolites, nutrients, signaling molecules, antioxidants and lipids were significantly altered in dKO rats, compared to WT rats. These metabolite changes suggested alterations in histidine, branched chain amino acid, purine and pyrimidine metabolism in the dKO rats. Levels of methylated and sulfated metabolites and some primary bile acids were increased in dKO CSF or plasma. Elevated uric acid levels appeared to be a primary driver of changes in purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis. Alterations in Bcrp/Pgp dKO CSF levels of antioxidants, precursors of neurotransmitters, and uric acid suggests the transporters may contribute to the regulation of a healthy central nervous system in rats. Microbiome-generated metabolites were found to be elevated in dKO rat plasma and CSF. The altered dKO metabolome appeared to cause compensatory transcriptional change in urate biosynthesis and response to lipopolysaccharide in brain, oxidation-reduction processes and response to oxidative stress and porphyrin biosynthesis in kidney, and circadian rhythm genes in liver. These findings present insight into endogenous functions of Bcrp and Pgp, the impact that transporter substrates, inhibitors or polymorphisms may have on metabolism, how transporter inhibition could rewire drug sensitivity indirectly through metabolic changes, and identify functional Bcrp biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samit Ganguly
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Track, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Timothy I. Shaw
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Kimberly M. Zorn
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kazuto Yasuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yu Fukuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - John D. Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kamalika Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Erin G. Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhu ZJ, Pang Y, Jin G, Zhang HY, Wang WH, Liu JW, Tuo GX, Wu P, Yang Y, Wang ZQ, Wang K. Hypoxia induces chemoresistance of esophageal cancer cells to cisplatin through regulating the lncRNA-EMS/miR-758-3p/WTAP axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:17155-17176. [PMID: 34081626 PMCID: PMC8312407 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia contributes significantly to the development of chemoresistance of many malignancies including esophageal cancer (EC). Accumulating studies have indicated that long non-coding RNAs play important roles in chemotherapy resistance. Here, we identified a novel lncRNA-EMS/miR-758-3p/WTAP axis that was involved in hypoxia-mediated chemoresistance to cisplatin in human EC. Hypoxia induced the expressions of lncRNA EMS and WTAP, and reduced the expression of miR-758-3p in EC cell line ECA-109. In addition, the expressions of EMS and WTAP were required for the hypoxia-induced drug resistance to cisplatin in EC cells, while overexpression of miR-758-3p reversed such chemoresistance. The targeting relationships between EMS and miR-758-3p, as well as miR-758-3p and WTAP, were verified by luciferase-based reporter assays and multiple quantitative assays after gene overexpression/knockdown. Moreover, we found significant correlations between tumor expressions of these molecules. Notably, higher levels of EMS/WTAP, or lower levels of miR-758-3p in tumors predicted worse survivals of EC patients. Furthermore, in a xenograft mouse model, targeted knockdown of EMS and WTAP in ECA-109 cells markedly attenuated the resistance of tumors to cisplatin treatments. Our study uncovers a critical lncRNA-EMS/miR-758-3p/WTAP axis in regulating hypoxia-mediated drug resistance to cisplatin in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jiang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 2, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yao Pang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 2, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 2, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong-Yi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 2, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wen-Hao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 2, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia-Wei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery 2, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guang-Xin Tuo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ze-Quan Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Kui Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
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Wen X, Kozlosky D, Zhang R, Doherty C, Buckley B, Barrett E, Aleksunes LM. BCRP/ ABCG2 Transporter Regulates Accumulation of Cadmium in Kidney Cells: Role of the Q141K Variant in Modulating Nephrotoxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:629-637. [PMID: 34074729 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the environmental pollutant cadmium is ubiquitous, as it is present in cigarette smoke and the food supply. Over time, cadmium enters and accumulates in the kidneys, where it causes tubular injury. The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ATP-Binding Cassette G2 ABCG2) is an efflux transporter that mediates the urinary secretion of pharmaceuticals and toxins. The ABCG2 genetic variant Q141K exhibits altered membrane trafficking that results in reduced efflux of BCRP substrates. Here, we sought to 1) evaluate the in vitro and in vivo ability of BCRP to transport cadmium and protect kidney cells from toxicity and 2) determine whether this protection is impaired by the Q141K variant. Cadmium concentrations, cellular stress, and toxicity were quantified in human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing an empty vector (EV), BCRP wild-type (WT), or variant (Q141K) gene. Treatment with CdCl2 resulted in greater accumulation of cadmium and apoptosis in EV cells relative to WT cells. Exposure to CdCl2 induced expression of stress-related genes and proteins including MT-1A/MT-2A, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1, and heme oxygenase-1 to a higher extent in EV cells compared with WT cells. Notably, the Q141K variant protected against CdCl2-induced activation of stress genes and cytotoxicity, but this protection was to a lesser magnitude than observed with WT BCRP. Lastly, concentrations of cadmium in the kidneys of Bcrp knockout mice were 40% higher than in WT mice, confirming that cadmium is an in vivo substrate of BCRP. In conclusion, BCRP prevents the accumulation of cadmium and protects against toxicity, a response that is impaired by the Q141K variant. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The breast cancer resistance protein transporter lowers cellular accumulation of the toxic heavy metal cadmium. This protective function is partially attenuated by the Q141K genetic variant in the ABCG2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Danielle Kozlosky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Cathleen Doherty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Brian Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Emily Barrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
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Liu F, Yuan Q, Cao X, Zhang J, Cao J, Zhang J, Xia L. Isovitexin Suppresses Stemness of Lung Cancer Stem-Like Cells through Blockage of MnSOD/CaMKII/AMPK Signaling and Glycolysis Inhibition. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9972057. [PMID: 34195288 PMCID: PMC8203360 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9972057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) has been reported to promote stemness of lung cancer stem-like cells (LCSLCs) which had higher glycolytic rates compared with non-CSLCs. Isovitexin exhibited an inhibitory effect on the stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. However, whether isovitexin could inhibit the promotion of stemness of LCSLCs mediated by MnSOD through glycolysis remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Our study was aimed at investigating whether isovitexin inhibits lung cancer stem-like cells (LCSLCs) through MnSOD signaling blockage and glycolysis suppression. METHODS Sphere formation and soft agar assays were conducted to determine self-renewal ability. The migration and invasion of LCSLCs were determined by wound healing and transwell assay. The glycolytic activity was assessed by determination of L-lactate metabolism rate. The influences of isovitexin on MnSOD, CaMKII, and AMPK activations as well as the metabolic shift to glycolysis were determined by manipulating MnSOD expression. RESULTS It was found that MnSOD and glycolysis enhanced simultaneously in LCSLCs compared with parental H460 cells. Overexpression of MnSOD activated CaMKII/AMPK signaling and glycolysis in LCSLCs with increased self-renewal, migration, invasion, and expression of stemness-associated markers in vitro and elevated carcinogenicity in vivo. Knockdown of MnSOD induced an inverse effect in LCSLCs. Isovitexin blocked MnSOD/CaMKII/AMPK signaling axis and suppressed glycolysis in LCSLCs, resulting in inhibition of stemness features in LCSLCs. The knockdown of MnSOD significantly augmented isovitexin-associated inhibition of CaMKII/AMPK signaling, glycolysis, and stemness in LCSLCs. However, the overexpression of MnSOD could attenuate the inhibition of isovitexin on LCSLCs. Importantly, isovitexin notably suppressed tumor growth in nude mice bearing LCSLCs by downregulation of MnSOD expression. CONCLUSION MnSOD promotion of stemness of LCSLCs derived from H460 cell line is involved in the activation of the CaMKII/AMPK pathway and induction of glycolysis. Isovitexin-associated inhibition of stemness in LCSLCs is partly dependent on blockage of the MnSOD/CaMKII/AMPK signaling axis and glycolysis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Xiaocheng Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jinlin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Liqiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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Torres AM, Dnyanmote AV, Granados JC, Nigam SK. Renal and non-renal response of ABC and SLC transporters in chronic kidney disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:515-542. [PMID: 33749483 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1899159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The solute carrier (SLC) and the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamilies play essential roles in the disposition of small molecules (endogenous metabolites, uremic toxins, drugs) in the blood, kidney, liver, intestine, and other organs. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), the loss of renal function is associated with altered function of remote organs. As renal function declines, many molecules accumulate in the plasma. Many studies now support the view that ABC and SLC transporters as well as drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in renal and non-renal tissues are directly or indirectly affected by the presence of various types of uremic toxins, including those derived from the gut microbiome; this can lead to aberrant inter-organ communication. AREAS COVERED Here, the expression, localization and/or function of various SLC and ABC transporters as well as DMEs in the kidney and other organs are discussed in the context of CKD and systemic pathophysiology. EXPERT OPINION According to the Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory (RSST), a transporter and DME-centric network that optimizes local and systemic metabolism maintains homeostasis in the steady state and resets homeostasis following perturbations due to renal dysfunction. The implications of this view for pharmacotherapy of CKD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Torres
- Pharmacology Area, Faculty of Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ankur V Dnyanmote
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre - Dalhousie University, 5850 University Ave, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Jeffry C Granados
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0693, USA
| | - Sanjay K Nigam
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0693, USA
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Mehendale-Munj S, Sawant S. Breast Cancer Resistance Protein: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:420-428. [PMID: 33243119 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201125200132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) is an efflux transporter responsible for causing multidrug resistance (MDR). It is known to expel many potent antineoplastic drugs, owing to its efflux function. Efflux of chemotherapeutics because of BCRP develops resistance to many drugs, leading to failure in cancer treatment. BCRP plays an important role in physiology by protecting the organism from xenobiotics and other toxins. It is a half-transporter affiliated to the ATP- binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transporters, encoded by the gene ABCG2 and functions in response to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Regulation of BCRP expression is critically controlled at molecular levels, which help in maintaining the balance of xenobiotics and nutrients inside the body. Expression of BCRP can be found in brain, liver, lung cancers and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Moreover, it is also expressed at high levels in stem cells and many cell lines. This frequent expression of BCRP has an impact on the treatment procedures and, if not scrutinized, may lead to the failure of many cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Mehendale-Munj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Hashu Advani Memorial Complex, Behind Collector's Colony, Chembur (E), Mumbai 400074, Affiliated to University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shivangi Sawant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Hashu Advani Memorial Complex, Behind Collector's Colony, Chembur (E), Mumbai 400074, Affiliated to University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Medically Important Alterations in Transport Function and Trafficking of ABCG2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062786. [PMID: 33801813 PMCID: PMC8001156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several polymorphisms and mutations in the human ABCG2 multidrug transporter result in reduced plasma membrane expression and/or diminished transport function. Since ABCG2 plays a pivotal role in uric acid clearance, its malfunction may lead to hyperuricemia and gout. On the other hand, ABCG2 residing in various barrier tissues is involved in the innate defense mechanisms of the body; thus, genetic alterations in ABCG2 may modify the absorption, distribution, excretion of potentially toxic endo- and exogenous substances. In turn, this can lead either to altered therapy responses or to drug-related toxic reactions. This paper reviews the various types of mutations and polymorphisms in ABCG2, as well as the ways how altered cellular processing, trafficking, and transport activity of the protein can contribute to phenotypic manifestations. In addition, the various methods used for the identification of the impairments in ABCG2 variants and the different approaches to correct these defects are overviewed.
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Gel-Free 3D Tumoroids with Stem Cell Properties Modeling Drug Resistance to Cisplatin and Imatinib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020344. [PMID: 33562088 PMCID: PMC7914642 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers have developed several three-dimensional (3D) culture systems, including spheroids, organoids, and tumoroids with increased properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs), also called cancer-initiating cells (CICs). Drug resistance is a crucial issue involving recurrence in cancer patients. Many studies on anti-cancer drugs have been reported using 2D culture systems, whereas 3D cultured tumoroids have many advantages for assessing drug sensitivity and resistance. Here, we aimed to investigate whether Cisplatin (a DNA crosslinker), Imatinib (a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor), and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU: an antimetabolite) alter the tumoroid growth of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Gene expression signatures of highly metastatic aggregative CRC (LuM1 cells) vs. low-metastatic, non-aggregative CRC (Colon26 and NM11 cells) were analyzed using microarray. To establish a 3D culture-based multiplexing reporter assay system, LuM1 was stably transfected with the Mmp9 promoter-driven ZsGreen fluorescence reporter gene, which was designated as LuM1/m9 cells and cultured in NanoCulture Plate®, a gel-free 3D culture device. LuM1 cells highly expressed mRNA encoding ABCG2 (a drug resistance pump, i.e., CSC/CIC marker), other CSC/CIC markers (DLL1, EpCAM, podoplanin, STAT3/5), pluripotent stem cell markers (Sox4/7, N-myc, GATA3, Nanog), and metastatic markers (MMPs, Integrins, EGFR), compared to the other two cell types. Hoechst efflux stem cell-like side population was increased in LuM1 (7.8%) compared with Colon26 (2.9%), both of which were markedly reduced by verapamil treatment, an ABCG2 inhibitor. Smaller cell aggregates of LuM1 were more sensitive to Cisplatin (at 10 μM), whereas larger tumoroids with increased ABCG2 expression were insensitive. Notably, Cisplatin (2 μM) and Imatinib (10 μM) at low concentrations significantly promoted tumoroid formation (cell aggregation) and increased Mmp9 promoter activity in mCRC LuM1/m9, while not cytotoxic to them. On the other hand, 5-FU significantly inhibited tumoroid growth, although not completely. Thus, drug resistance in cancer with increased stem cell properties was modeled using the gel-free 3D cultured tumoroid system. The tumoroid culture is useful and easily accessible for the assessment of drug sensitivity and resistance.
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Man Y, Xu T, Adhikari B, Zhou C, Wang Y, Wang B. Iron supplementation and iron-fortified foods: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4504-4525. [PMID: 33506686 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1876623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
About one-third of the world population is suffering from iron deficiency. Delivery of iron through diet is a practical, economical, and sustainable approach. Clinical studies have shown that the consumption of iron-fortified foods is one of the most effective methods for the prevention of iron deficiency. However, supplementing iron through diet can cause undesirable side-effects. Thus, it is essential to develop new iron-rich ingredients, iron-fortified products with high bioavailability, better stability, and lower cost. It is also essential to develop newer processing technologies for more effective fortification. This review compared the iron supplementation strategies used to treat the highly iron-deficient population and the general public. We also reviewed the efficacy of functional (iron-rich) ingredients that can be incorporated into food materials to produce iron-fortified foods. The most commonly available foods, such as cereals, bakery products, dairy products, beverages, and condiments are still the best vehicles for iron fortification and delivery.Scope of reviewThe manuscript aims at providing a comprehensive review of the latest publications that cover three aspects: administration routes for iron supplementation, iron-rich ingredients used for iron supplementation, and iron-fortified foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Man
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- School of Food Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
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44
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Emami Nejad A, Najafgholian S, Rostami A, Sistani A, Shojaeifar S, Esparvarinha M, Nedaeinia R, Haghjooy Javanmard S, Taherian M, Ahmadlou M, Salehi R, Sadeghi B, Manian M. The role of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and development of cancer stem cell: a novel approach to developing treatment. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:62. [PMID: 33472628 PMCID: PMC7816485 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and develops because of the rapid growth of the tumor that outstrips the oxygen supply, and impaired blood flow due to the formation of abnormal blood vessels supplying the tumor. It has been reported that tumor hypoxia can: activate angiogenesis, thereby enhancing invasiveness and risk of metastasis; increase survival of tumor, as well as suppress anti-tumor immunity and hamper the therapeutic response. Hypoxia mediates these effects by several potential mechanisms: altering gene expression, the activation of oncogenes, inactivation of suppressor genes, reducing genomic stability and clonal selection. We have reviewed the effects of hypoxia on tumor biology and the possible strategiesto manage the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), highlighting the potential use of cancer stem cells in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Emami Nejad
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University (PNU), P.O.Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Najafgholian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine , Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Alireza Rostami
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine Amiralmomenin Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Alireza Sistani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine Valiasr Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Samaneh Shojaeifar
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery , Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak, Iran
| | - Mojgan Esparvarinha
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Taherian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ahmadlou
- Sciences Medical of University Arak, Hospital Amiralmomenin, Center Development Research Clinical, Arak, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahman Sadeghi
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, 3848176341, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Manian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Science Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Imam Khomeini Campus, Farhikhtegan Bld., Shahid J'afari St., Kermanshah, 3848176341, Iran.
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45
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Chambers IG, Willoughby MM, Hamza I, Reddi AR. One ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them: The trafficking of heme without deliverers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118881. [PMID: 33022276 PMCID: PMC7756907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heme, as a hydrophobic iron-containing organic ring, is lipid soluble and can interact with biological membranes. The very same properties of heme that nature exploits to support life also renders heme potentially cytotoxic. In order to utilize heme, while also mitigating its toxicity, cells are challenged to tightly control the concentration and bioavailability of heme. On the bright side, it is reasonable to envision that, analogous to other transition metals, a combination of membrane-bound transporters, soluble carriers, and chaperones coordinate heme trafficking to subcellular compartments. However, given the dual properties exhibited by heme as a transition metal and lipid, it is compelling to consider the dark side: the potential role of non-proteinaceous biomolecules including lipids and nucleic acids that bind, sequester, and control heme trafficking and bioavailability. The emergence of inter-organellar membrane contact sites, as well as intracellular vesicles derived from various organelles, have raised the prospect that heme can be trafficked through hydrophobic channels. In this review, we aim to focus on heme delivery without deliverers - an alternate paradigm for the regulation of heme homeostasis through chaperone-less pathways for heme trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Chambers
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States of America
| | - Mathilda M Willoughby
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States of America.
| | - Amit R Reddi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America.
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46
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Banerjee A, Moreno A, Pata J, Falson P, Prasad R. ABCG: a new fold of ABC exporters and a whole new bag of riddles! ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 123:163-191. [PMID: 33485482 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily comprises membrane transporters that power the active transport of substrates across biological membranes. These proteins harness the energy of nucleotide binding and hydrolysis to fuel substrate translocation via an alternating-access mechanism. The primary structural blueprint is relatively conserved in all ABC transporters. A transport-competent ABC transporter is essentially made up of two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) and two transmembrane domains (TMDs). While the NBDs are conserved in their primary sequence and form at their interface two nucleotide-binding sites (NBSs) for ATP binding and hydrolysis, the TMDs are variable among different families and form the translocation channel. Transporters catalyzing the efflux of substrates from the cells are called exporters. In humans, they range from A to G subfamilies, with the B, C and G subfamilies being involved in chemoresistance. The recently elucidated structures of ABCG5/G8 followed by those of ABCG2 highlighted a novel structural fold that triggered extensive research. Notably, suppressor genetics in the orthologous yeast Pleiotropic Drug Resistance (PDR) subfamily proteins have pointed to a crosstalk between TMDs and NBDs modulating substrate export. Considering the structural information provided by their neighbors from the G subfamily, these studies provide mechanistic keys and posit a functional role for the non-hydrolytic NBS found in several ABC exporters. The present chapter provides an overview of structural and functional aspects of ABCG proteins with a special emphasis on the yeast PDR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Banerjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Alexis Moreno
- Drug Resistance & Membrane Proteins Team, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS-Lyon 1 University UMR5086, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Lyon, France
| | - Jorgaq Pata
- Drug Resistance & Membrane Proteins Team, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS-Lyon 1 University UMR5086, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Falson
- Drug Resistance & Membrane Proteins Team, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS-Lyon 1 University UMR5086, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Lyon, France
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, Haryana, India; Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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47
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McAleese CE, Choudhury C, Butcher NJ, Minchin RF. Hypoxia-mediated drug resistance in breast cancers. Cancer Lett 2020; 502:189-199. [PMID: 33278499 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue hypoxia in solid tumors is caused by several pathological changes associated with tumor growth, including altered microvasculature structure, increased diffusional distances, and tumor-associated anemia. As the oxygen tension decreases, tumor cells adapt to the limited oxygen supply. Previous studies have shown that such adaptation leads to an aggressive phenotype that is resistant to many anti-cancer therapies. Induction of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) mediates many proteomic and genomic changes associated with tumor hypoxia. In breast cancers, HIFs not only predict poor prognosis, but also promote metastasis and drug resistance. Several studies have proposed HIF-1α as a druggable target in drug-resistant breast cancers, leading to the synthesis and development of small molecule inhibitors. Disappointingly, however, none of these small molecule inhibitors have progressed to clinical use. In this review, we briefly discuss the role of HIF-1α in breast cancer drug resistance and summarize the current and future approaches to targeting this transcription factor in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E McAleese
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Chandra Choudhury
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Neville J Butcher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Rodney F Minchin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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48
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Role of Bcl-2 Family Proteins in Photodynamic Therapy Mediated Cell Survival and Regulation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225308. [PMID: 33203053 PMCID: PMC7696921 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that involves three components: combination of a photosensitizer, light and molecular oxygen that leads to localized formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS generated from this promising therapeutic modality can be lethal to the cell and leads to consequential destruction of tumor cells. However, sometimes the ROS trigger a stress response survival mechanism that helps the cells to cope with PDT-induced damage, resulting in resistance to the treatment. One preferred mechanism of cell death induced by PDT is apoptosis, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins have been described as a major determinant of life or death decision of the death pathways. Apoptosis is a cellular self-destruction mechanism to remove old cells through the biological event of tissue homeostasis. The Bcl-2 family proteins act as a critical mediator of a life–death decision of cells in maintaining tissue homeostasis. There are several reports that show cancer cells developing resistance due to the increased interaction of the pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins. However, the key mechanisms leading to apoptosis evasion and drug resistance have not been adequately understood. Therefore, it is critical to understand the mechanisms of PDT resistance, as well as the Bcl-2 family proteins, to give more insight into the treatment outcomes. In this review, we describe the role of Bcl-2 gene family proteins’ interaction in response to disease progression and PDT-induced resistance mechanisms.
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49
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Sarkadi B, Homolya L, Hegedűs T. The ABCG2/BCRP transporter and its variants - from structure to pathology. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4012-4034. [PMID: 33015850 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ABCG2 protein has a key role in the transport of a wide range of structurally dissimilar endo- and xenobiotics in the human body, especially in the tissue barriers and the metabolizing or secreting organs. The human ABCG2 gene harbors a high number of polymorphisms and mutations, which may significantly modulate its expression and function. Recent high-resolution structural data, complemented with molecular dynamic simulations, may significantly help to understand intramolecular movements and substrate handling, as well as the effects of mutations on the membrane transporter function of ABCG2. As reviewed here, structural alterations may result not only in direct alterations in drug binding and transporter activity, but also in improper folding or problems in the carefully regulated process of trafficking, including vesicular transport, endocytosis, recycling, and degradation. Here, we also review the clinical importance of altered ABCG2 expression and function in general drug metabolism, cancer multidrug resistance, and impaired uric acid excretion, leading to gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Sarkadi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Homolya
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Hegedűs
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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50
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Gorczyca L, Du J, Bircsak KM, Wen X, Vetrano AM, Aleksunes LM. Low oxygen tension differentially regulates the expression of placental solute carriers and ABC transporters. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:811-827. [PMID: 32978975 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Low oxygen concentration, or hypoxia, is an important physiological regulator of placental function including chemical disposition. Here, we compared the ability of low oxygen tension to alter the expression of solute carriers (SLC) and ABC transporters in two human placental models, namely BeWo cells and term placental explants. We found that exposure to low oxygen concentration differentially regulates transporter expression in BeWo cells, including downregulation of ENT1, OATP4A1, OCTN2, BCRP, and MRP2/3/5, and upregulation of CNT1, OAT4, OATP2B1, SERT, SOAT, and MRP1. Similar upregulation of MRP1 and downregulation of MRP5 and BCRP were observed in explants, whereas uptake transporters were decreased or unchanged. Furthermore, a screening of transcriptional regulators of transporters revealed that hypoxia leads to a decrease in the mRNA levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and retinoid x receptor alpha in both human placental models. These data suggest that transporter expression is differentially regulated by oxygen concentration across experimental human placental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwik Gorczyca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jianyao Du
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kristin M Bircsak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Xia Wen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Anna M Vetrano
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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