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Kim H, Jung I, Lee CH, An J, Ko M. Development of Novel Epigenetic Anti-Cancer Therapy Targeting TET Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16375. [PMID: 38003566 PMCID: PMC10671484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation, particularly alterations in DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, plays a pivotal role in cancer initiation and progression. Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins catalyze the successive oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and further oxidized methylcytosines in DNA, thereby serving as central modulators of DNA methylation-demethylation dynamics. TET loss of function is causally related to neoplastic transformation across various cell types while its genetic or pharmacological activation exhibits anti-cancer effects, making TET proteins promising targets for epigenetic cancer therapy. Here, we developed a robust cell-based screening system to identify novel TET activators and evaluated their potential as anti-cancer agents. Using a carefully curated library of 4533 compounds provided by the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, we identified mitoxantrone as a potent TET agonist. Through rigorous validation employing various assays, including immunohistochemistry and dot blot studies, we demonstrated that mitoxantrone significantly elevated 5hmC levels. Notably, this elevation manifested only in wild-type (WT) but not TET-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts, primary bone marrow-derived macrophages, and leukemia cell lines. Furthermore, mitoxantrone-induced cell death in leukemia cell lines occurred in a TET-dependent manner, indicating the critical role of TET proteins in mediating its anti-cancer effects. Our findings highlight mitoxantrone's potential to induce tumor cell death via a novel mechanism involving the restoration of TET activity, paving the way for targeted epigenetic therapies in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (I.J.)
| | - Inkyung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (I.J.)
| | - Chan Hyeong Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jungeun An
- Department of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myunggon Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (I.J.)
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ma Z, Zhang J, Lin J, Li W, Wu X, Wang F, Zhao Y, Wu K. Differentiated oxidation modes of guanine between CpG and 5mCpG by a photoactivatable Pt(IV) anticancer prodrug. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2786-2798. [PMID: 36752086 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03924a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CpG and its cytosine-methylated counterpart (5mCpG) are a unique reversible pair of sequences in regulating the expression of genes epigenetically. As DNA is the potential target of Pt-based anticancer metallodrugs, herein, we comparatively investigate the interactions of 5'-CpG and 5'-5mCpG with a photoactivatable anticancer Pt(IV) prodrug, trans,trans,trans-[PtIV(N3)2(OH)2(py)2] (1; py = pyridine), to explore the effects of methylation on the platination and ROS-induced oxidation of the CpG motif. Mono-platinated dinucleotides were demonstrated by ESI-MS to be the main products for both 5'-CpG and 5'-5mCpG with the bound Pt moiety as [PtII(N3)(py)2] generated by the photodecomposition of complex 1 under irradiation with blue light, accompanied by the formation of less abundant di-platinated adducts. G-N7 and C-N3/5mC-N3 were shown to be the major and minor platination sites, respectively, with G-N1 as the third and weakest platination site, in particular, in di-platinated products. Moreover, platinated dinucleotides associated with guanine and/or cytosine oxidation were also observed. Apart from 8-oxo-guanine (oxG) and N-formylamidoiminohydantoin (RedSp) reported previously, novel oxidation adducts 5-guanidinohydantoin (Gh) derived from guanine and 1-carbamoyl-4,5-dihydroxy-2-oxoimidazolidine (ImidCyt) derived from cytosine in CpG, and diimino imidazole (DIz) and 2,5-diaminoimidazol-4-one (imidazolone, Iz) derived from guanine and Imid5mCyt derived from 5mC in 5mCpG were proposed according to MS information. These results showed that methylation exerted little effects on the platination modes of CpG, but triggered distinct oxidation pathways of CpG, perhaps causing discriminated DNA damage to CpG-rich genes. This work provides novel insights into the role of the anticancer photoactivatable Pt(IV) prodrug through damaging the epigenetically modified DNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Jishuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Jiafan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Wenbing Li
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Kui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
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Sheena Mary Y, Shyma Mary Y, Armaković S, Armaković SJ, Yadav R, Celik I, Razavi R. Investigation of reactive properties, adsorption on fullerene, DFT, molecular dynamics simulation of an anthracene derivative targeting dihydrofolate reductase and human dUTPase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10952-10961. [PMID: 34278966 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1953602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anthracenes are aromatic compounds with flexible structure and reactivity which are of great interest to theoretical and experimental chemists. Theoretical investigations of 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino]anthracene-9,10-dione (Mitoxantrone) (DDEA) based on density functional theory, molecular dynamics and adsorption on fullerene are reported in the present research. The suitable situation for adsorption with fullerene (C60) is the cyclohex-2-ene-1,4-dione ring of DDEA. Selected quantum-molecular descriptors have been calculated to predict the most reactive sites of the DDEA molecule. Interactions of DDEA with water have been studied using MD simulations. MD simulations were also used to study solubility parameter, a significant quantity for the development of pharmaceutical formulations. The affinity of DDEA on human dihydrofolate reductase and deoxyuridine triphosphatase enzymes was investigated by MD simulation of the protein-ligand complex obtained by molecular docking study.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stevan Armaković
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sanja J Armaković
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Rohitash Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Razieh Razavi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
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Mansour OC, Nudelman A, Rephaeli A, Phillips DR, Cutts SM, Evison BJ. An evaluation of the interaction of pixantrone with formaldehyde-releasing drugs in cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 89:773-784. [PMID: 35460360 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pixantrone is a synthetic aza-anthracenedione currently used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The drug is firmly established as a poison of the nuclear enzyme topoisomerase II, however, pixantrone can also generate covalent drug-DNA adducts following activation by formaldehyde. While pixantrone-DNA adducts form proficiently in vitro, little evidence is presently at hand to indicate their existence within cells. The molecular nature of these lesions within cancer cells exposed to pixantrone and formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs was characterized along with the cellular responses to their formation. METHODS In vitro crosslinking assays, [14C] scintillation counting analyses and alkaline comet assays were applied to characterize pixantrone-DNA adducts. Flow cytometry, cell growth inhibition and clonogenic assays were used to measure cancer cell kill and survival. RESULTS Pixantrone-DNA adducts were not detectable in MCF-7 breast cancer cells exposed to [14C] pixantrone (10-40 µM) alone, however the addition of the formaldehyde-releasing prodrug AN9 yielded readily measurable levels of the lesion at ~ 1 adduct per 10 kb of genomic DNA. Co-administration with AN9 completely reversed topoisomerase II-associated DNA damage induction by pixantrone yet potentiated cell kill by the drug, suggesting that pixantrone-DNA adducts may promote a topoisomerase II-independent mechanism of cell death. Pixantrone-DNA adduct-forming treatments generally conferred mild synergism in multiple cell lines in various cell death and clonogenic assays, while pixantrone analogues either incapable or relatively defective in forming DNA adducts demonstrated antagonism when combined with AN9. CONCLUSIONS The features unique to pixantrone-DNA adducts may be leveraged to enhance cancer cell kill and may be used to guide the design of pixantrone analogues that generate adducts with more favorable anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula C Mansour
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Abraham Nudelman
- Chemistry Department, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ada Rephaeli
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, 49100, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - Don R Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Cutts
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Benny J Evison
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
- Nyrada Inc, Suite 2, Level 3, 828 Pacific Highway, Gordon, NSW, 2072, Australia.
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5
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Medan J, Sleebs BE, Lackovic K, Watson KG, Evison BJ, Phillips DR, Cutts SM. Development of an automated assay for accelerated in vitro detection of DNA adduct-inducing and crosslinking agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 35:127813. [PMID: 33486050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Current techniques for the identification of DNA adduct-inducing and DNA interstrand crosslinking agents include electrophoretic crosslinking assays, electrophoretic gel shift assays, DNA and RNA stop assays, mass spectrometry-based methods and 32P-post-labelling. While these assays provide considerable insight into the site and stability of the interaction, they are relatively expensive, time-consuming and sometimes rely on the use of radioactively-labelled components, and thus are ill-suited to screening large numbers of compounds. A novel medium throughput assay was developed to overcome these limitations and was based on the attachment of a biotin-tagged double stranded (ds) oligonucleotide to Corning DNA-Bind plates. We aimed to detect anthracycline and anthracenedione DNA adducts which form by initial non-covalent intercalation with duplex DNA, and subsequent covalent adduct formation which is mediated by formaldehyde. Following drug treatment, DNA samples were subjected to a denaturation step, washing and then measurement by fluorescence to detect remaining drug-DNA species using streptavidin-europium. This dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescent immunoassay (DELFIA) is a time-resolved fluorescence intensity assay where the fluorescence signal arises only from stabilised drug-DNA complexes. We applied this new methodology to the identification of anthracycline-like compounds with the ability to functionally crosslink double-strand oligonucleotides. The entire procedure can be performed by robotics, requiring low volumes of compounds and reagents, thereby reducing costs and enabling multiple compounds to be assessed on a single microtitre plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Medan
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Brad E Sleebs
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kurt Lackovic
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Cancer Trials Australia, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Keith G Watson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Benny J Evison
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia; Nyrada Inc, 828 Pacific Highway, Gordon, NSW 2072, Australia
| | - Don R Phillips
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Cutts
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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6
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Pumuye PP, Evison BJ, Konda SK, Collins JG, Kelso C, Medan J, Sleebs BE, Watson K, Phillips DR, Cutts SM. Formaldehyde-activated WEHI-150 induces DNA interstrand crosslinks with unique structural features. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115260. [PMID: 31870833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitoxantrone is an anticancer anthracenedione that can be activated by formaldehyde to generate covalent drug-DNA adducts. Despite their covalent nature, these DNA lesions are relatively labile. It was recently established that analogues of mitoxantrone featuring extended side-chains terminating in primary amino groups typically yielded high levels of stable DNA adducts following their activation by formaldehyde. In this study we describe the DNA sequence-specific binding properties of the mitoxantrone analogue WEHI-150 which is the first anthracenedione to form apparent DNA crosslinks mediated by formaldehyde. The utility of this compound lies in the versatility of the covalent binding modes displayed. Unlike other anthracenediones described to date, WEHI-150 can mediate covalent adducts that are independent of interactions with the N-2 of guanine and is capable of adduct formation at novel DNA sequences. Moreover, these covalent adducts incorporate more than one formaldehyde-mediated bond with DNA, thus facilitating the formation of highly lethal DNA crosslinks. The versatility of binding observed is anticipated to allow the next generation of anthracenediones to interact with a broader spectrum of nucleic acid species than previously demonstrated by the parent compounds, thus allowing for more diverse biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul P Pumuye
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Benny J Evison
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Shyam K Konda
- School of Science, University of New South Wales, Canberra 2610, Australia
| | - J Grant Collins
- School of Science, University of New South Wales, Canberra 2610, Australia
| | - Celine Kelso
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Jelena Medan
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Brad E Sleebs
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Keith Watson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Don R Phillips
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Cutts
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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7
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Bagheri S, TermehYousefi A, Mehrmashhadi J. Carbon dot-based fluorometric optical sensors: an overview. REV INORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2019-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are a new class of carbon nanomaterials and have demonstrated excellent optical properties, good biocompatibility, great aqueous solubility, low cost, and simple synthesis. Since their discovery, various synthesis methods using different precursors were developed, which were mainly classified as top-down and bottom-up approaches. CDs have presented many applications, and this review article mainly focuses on the development of CD-based fluorescent sensors. The sensing mechanisms, sensor design, and sensing properties to various targets are summarized. Broad ranges of detection, including temperature, pH, DNA, antibiotics, cations, cancer cells, and antibiotics, have been discussed. In addition, the challenges and future directions for CDs as sensing materials are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Bagheri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Amin TermehYousefi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Javad Mehrmashhadi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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Mazzon M, Ortega-Prieto AM, Imrie D, Luft C, Hess L, Czieso S, Grove J, Skelton JK, Farleigh L, Bugert JJ, Wright E, Temperton N, Angell R, Oxenford S, Jacobs M, Ketteler R, Dorner M, Marsh M. Identification of Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Compounds by Targeting Viral Entry. Viruses 2019; 11:E176. [PMID: 30791609 PMCID: PMC6410080 DOI: 10.3390/v11020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are a major threat to human health and economic well-being. In recent years Ebola, Zika, influenza, and chikungunya virus epidemics have raised awareness that infections can spread rapidly before vaccines or specific antagonists can be made available. Broad-spectrum antivirals are drugs with the potential to inhibit infection by viruses from different groups or families, which may be deployed during outbreaks when specific diagnostics, vaccines or directly acting antivirals are not available. While pathogen-directed approaches are generally effective against a few closely related viruses, targeting cellular pathways used by multiple viral agents can have broad-spectrum efficacy. Virus entry, particularly clathrin-mediated endocytosis, constitutes an attractive target as it is used by many viruses. Using a phenotypic screening strategy where the inhibitory activity of small molecules was sequentially tested against different viruses, we identified 12 compounds with broad-spectrum activity, and found a subset blocking viral internalisation and/or fusion. Importantly, we show that compounds identified with this approach can reduce viral replication in a mouse model of Zika infection. This work provides proof of concept that it is possible to identify broad-spectrum inhibitors by iterative phenotypic screenings, and that inhibition of host-pathways critical for viral life cycles can be an effective antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Mazzon
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Ana Maria Ortega-Prieto
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Douglas Imrie
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Christin Luft
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Lena Hess
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Stephanie Czieso
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Joe Grove
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK.
| | - Jessica Katy Skelton
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Laura Farleigh
- Medical Microbiology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Joachim J Bugert
- Medical Microbiology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Nigel Temperton
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Richard Angell
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Sally Oxenford
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Michael Jacobs
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, UCL Medical School, London NW3 2QG, UK.
| | - Robin Ketteler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Marcus Dorner
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Mark Marsh
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Al-Otaibi JS, Wasli Y, ELGogary TM. Theoretical and experimental studies on anticancer drug mitoxantrone. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Kreft D, Wang Y, Rattay M, Toensing K, Anselmetti D. Binding mechanism of anti-cancer chemotherapeutic drug mitoxantrone to DNA characterized by magnetic tweezers. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:56. [PMID: 30005668 PMCID: PMC6043947 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapeutic agents (anti-cancer drugs) are small cytostatic or cytotoxic molecules that often bind to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) resulting in modifications of their structural and nanomechanical properties and thus interfering with the cell proliferation process. METHODS We investigated the anthraquinone compound mitoxantrone that is used for treating certain cancer types like leukemia and lymphoma with magnetic tweezers as a single molecule nanosensor. In order to study the association of mitoxantrone with dsDNA, we conducted force-extension and mechanical overwinding experiments with a sensitivity of 10-14 N. RESULTS Using this method, we were able to estimate an equilibrium constant of association Ka ≈ 1 × 105 M-1 as well as a binding site size of n ≈ 2.5 base pairs for mitoxantrone. An unwinding angle of mitoxantrone-intercalation of ϑ ≈ 16° was determined. CONCLUSION Moreover, we observed a complex concentration-dependent bimodal binding behavior, where mitoxantrone associates to dsDNA as an intercalator and groove binder simultaneously at low concentrations and as a mere intercalator at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kreft
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Physics Department, Bielefeld Institute for Nanoscience (BINAS), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ying Wang
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Physics Department, Bielefeld Institute for Nanoscience (BINAS), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Rattay
- Baxter Oncology GmbH, Kantstrasse 2, 33790 Halle Westphalia, Germany
| | - Katja Toensing
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Physics Department, Bielefeld Institute for Nanoscience (BINAS), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dario Anselmetti
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Physics Department, Bielefeld Institute for Nanoscience (BINAS), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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11
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Bhaduri S, Ranjan N, Arya DP. An overview of recent advances in duplex DNA recognition by small molecules. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1051-1086. [PMID: 29977379 PMCID: PMC6009268 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the carrier of genetic information, the DNA double helix interacts with many natural ligands during the cell cycle, and is amenable to such intervention in diseases such as cancer biogenesis. Proteins bind DNA in a site-specific manner, not only distinguishing between the geometry of the major and minor grooves, but also by making close contacts with individual bases within the local helix architecture. Over the last four decades, much research has been reported on the development of small non-natural ligands as therapeutics to either block, or in some cases, mimic a DNA–protein interaction of interest. This review presents the latest findings in the pursuit of novel synthetic DNA binders. This article provides recent coverage of major strategies (such as groove recognition, intercalation and cross-linking) adopted in the duplex DNA recognition by small molecules, with an emphasis on major works of the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nihar Ranjan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli 122003, India
| | - Dev P Arya
- NUBAD, LLC, 900B West Faris Rd., Greenville 29605, SC, USA.,Clemson University, Hunter Laboratory, Clemson 29634, SC, USA
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12
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Structural and theoretical study of 1-[1-oxo-3-phenyl-(2-benzosulfonamide)-propyl amido] – anthracene-9,10-dione to be i-motif inhibitor. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Konda SK, Kelso C, Medan J, Sleebs BE, Phillips DR, Cutts SM, Collins JG. Isolation and structural analysis of the covalent adduct formed between a bis-amino mitoxantrone analogue and DNA: a pathway to major-minor groove cross-linked adducts. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:10217-10221. [PMID: 27735959 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02100j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The major covalent adduct formed between a 13C-labelled formaldehyde activated bis-amino mitoxantrone analogue (WEHI-150) and the hexanucleotide d(CG5MeCGCG)2 has been isolated by HPLC chromatography and the structure determined by NMR spectroscopy. The results indicate that WEHI-150 forms one covalent bond through a primary amine to the N-2 of the G2 residue, with the polycyclic ring structure intercalated at the 5MeC3pG4/G10p5MeC9 site. Furthermore, the WEHI-150 aromatic ring system is oriented approximately parallel to the long axis of the base pairs, with one aliphatic side-chain in the major groove and the other side-chain in the minor groove. This study indicates that mitoxantrone derivatives like WEHI-150 should be capable of forming major-minor groove cross-linked adducts that will likely produce considerably different intracellular biological properties compared to known anthracycline and anthracenedione anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam K Konda
- School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, ACT, 2600 Australia.
| | - Celine Kelso
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Jelena Medan
- Chemical Biology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052 Australia and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe University, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Brad E Sleebs
- Chemical Biology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052 Australia and Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Don R Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe University, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Suzanne M Cutts
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe University, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - J Grant Collins
- School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, ACT, 2600 Australia.
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14
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Surface PEGylation of Mesoporous Silica Nanorods (MSNR): Effect on loading, release, and delivery of mitoxantrone in hypoxic cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2274. [PMID: 28536462 PMCID: PMC5442097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanomaterials show great potential to deliver chemotherapeutics for cancer treatment. The key challenges in the development of injectable mesoporous silica formulations are colloidal instability, hemolysis and inefficient drug loading and release. In this study, we evaluated the effect of PEGylation of mesoporous silica nanorods (MSNR) on hemolysis, colloidal stability, mitoxantrone (MTX) loading, in vitro MTX release, and cellular MTX delivery under hypoxic conditions. We found that PEGylation prevented dose-dependent hemolysis in the concentrations studied (0–10 mg/ml) and improved colloidal stability of MSNR. A negative effect of PEGylation on MTX loading was observed but PEGylated MSNR (PMSNR) demonstrated increased MTX release compared to non-PEGylated particles. Under hypoxic conditions, a decrease in the IC50 of MTX and MTX-loaded MSNR was observed when compared to normoxic conditions. These results showed that MSNR could deliver the chemotherapeutic agent, MTX to tumor cells and induce effective cell killing. However, the effect of PEGylation needs to be carefully studied due to the observed adverse effect on drug loading.
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15
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Merli D, Pivi F, Profumo A, Quadrelli P, Milanese C, Risi G, Visai L. Carboxymethylinulin-Chitosan Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Antineoplastic Mitoxantrone. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2436-2444. [PMID: 27704697 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitoxantrone (MTX) is an antineoplastic agent whose use is limited by serious side effects on non-neoplastic cells. The aim of this study was the development of a new drug release system using an ionotropic gelation technique for microencapsulation of MTX in chitosan-carboxymethylinulin nanoparticles (CCInp), followed by evaluation of their cytotoxic effects on neoplastic MDA-MB-231 and non-neoplastic NIH3T3 cell lines. The CCInp were prepared through a new reliable method for easy functionalization of both inulin and chitosan. Both unloaded and drug-loaded nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) and showed a spherical morphology with an average hydrodynamic diameter between 40 and 80 nm. Both nanoparticles were stable and easily degraded by lysozyme. MTX-loaded nanoparticles led to a greater mortality of MDA-MB-231 relative to free drug due to the ability of the nanoparticles to accumulate preferentially in neoplastic cells. The developed drug release system retains the ability to kill MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro, improving the survival of NIH3T3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Merli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pivi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Profumo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Quadrelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Risi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Risks, Laboratory of Nanotechnology, S. Maugeri Foundation, Via S. Boezio, 28, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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16
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CpG methylation increases the DNA binding of 9-aminoacridine carboxamide Pt analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4701-4710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Ray B, Agarwal S, Kadian H, Gambhir K, Sharma P, Mehrotra R. Deciphering molecular aspects of interaction between anticancer drug mitoxantrone and tRNA. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:2090-2102. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1213185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Ray
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
- Quantum Phenomena and Applications, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shweta Agarwal
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
- Quantum Phenomena and Applications, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Heena Kadian
- Quantum Phenomena and Applications, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kaweri Gambhir
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
- Quantum Phenomena and Applications, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Parag Sharma
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
- Quantum Phenomena and Applications, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ranjana Mehrotra
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
- Quantum Phenomena and Applications, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
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18
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Zheng H, Tai CW, Su J, Zou X, Gao F. Ultra-small mesoporous silica nanoparticles as efficient carriers for pH responsive releases of anti-cancer drugs. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:20186-92. [PMID: 26535559 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03700j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica has emerged as one of the most promising carriers for drug delivery systems. However, the synthesis of ultra-small mesoporous silica nanoparticles (UMSNs) and their application in drug delivery remains a significant challenge. Here, spherical UMSNs (∼25 nm) have been synthesized and tested as drug carriers. Anti-cancer drugs mitoxantrone (MX), doxorubicin (DOX) and methotrexate (MTX) have been utilized as model drugs. The pH-responsive drug delivery system can be constructed based on electrostatic interactions between carriers and drug molecules. The UMSNs could store drugs under physiological conditions and release them under acidic conditions. Different pH-responsive release profiles were obtained in phosphate buffer solutions (PBSs) at the designed pH values (from 4.0 to 7.4). MX and DOX can be used in the pH-responsive delivery system, while MTX cannot be used. Furthermore, we found that the physiological stabilities of these drug molecules in UMSNs are in a decreasing order MX > DOX > MTX, which follows the order of their isoelectric point (pI) values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoquan Zheng
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials and Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.
| | - Cheuk-Wai Tai
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials and Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.
| | - Jie Su
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials and Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials and Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.
| | - Feifei Gao
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials and Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.
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19
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Influence of nucleotide excision repair on mitoxantrone cytotoxicity. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 42:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Meneghello M, Papadopoulou E, Ugo P, Bartlett PN. Using Electrochemical SERS to Measure the Redox Potential of Drug Molecules Bound to dsDNA—a Study of Mitoxantrone. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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On-demand drug delivery from local depots. J Control Release 2015; 219:8-17. [PMID: 26374941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymeric depots capable of on-demand release of therapeutics promise a substantial improvement in the treatment of many local diseases. These systems have the advantage of controlling local dosing so that payload is released at a time and with a dose chosen by a physician or patient, and the dose can be varied as disease progresses or healing occurs. Macroscale drug depot can be induced to release therapeutics through the action of physical stimuli such as ultrasound, electric and magnetic fields and light as well as through the addition of pharmacological stimuli such as nucleic acids and small molecules. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the development of polymeric systems engineered for releasing therapeutic molecules through physical and pharmacological stimulation.
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22
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Evison BJ, Sleebs BE, Watson KG, Phillips DR, Cutts SM. Mitoxantrone, More than Just Another Topoisomerase II Poison. Med Res Rev 2015; 36:248-99. [PMID: 26286294 DOI: 10.1002/med.21364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitoxantrone is a synthetic anthracenedione originally developed to improve the therapeutic profile of the anthracyclines and is commonly applied in the treatment of breast and prostate cancers, lymphomas, and leukemias. A comprehensive overview of the drug's molecular, biochemical, and cellular pharmacology is presented here, beginning with the cardiotoxic nature of its predecessor doxorubicin and how these properties shaped the pharmacology of mitoxantrone itself. Although mitoxantrone is firmly established as a DNA topoisomerase II poison within mammalian cells, it is now clear that the drug interacts with a much broader range of biological macromolecules both covalently and noncovalently. Here, we consider each of these interactions in the context of their wider biological relevance to cancer therapy and highlight how they may be exploited to further enhance the therapeutic value of mitoxantrone. In doing so, it is now clear that mitoxantrone is more than just another topoisomerase II poison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny J Evison
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Brad E Sleebs
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Keith G Watson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Don R Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Cutts
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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23
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Ankers EA, Evison BJ, Phillips DR, Brownlee RTC, Cutts SM. Design, synthesis, and DNA sequence selectivity of formaldehyde-mediated DNA-adducts of the novel N-(4-aminobutyl) acridine-4-carboxamide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5710-5715. [PMID: 25453806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel derivative of the anti-tumor agent N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]acridine-4-carboxamide (DACA) was prepared by reduction of 9-oxoacridan-4-carboxylic acid to acridine-4-carboxylic acid with subsequent conversion to N-(4-aminobutyl)acridine-4-carboxamide (C4-DACA). Molecular modeling studies suggested that a DACA analogue comprising a side chain length of four carbons was optimal to form formaldehyde-mediated drug-DNA adducts via the minor groove. An in vitro transcription assay revealed that formaldehyde-mediated C4-DACA-DNA adducts selectively formed at CpG and CpA dinucleotide sequences, which is strikingly similar to that of formaldehyde-activated anthracenediones such as pixantrone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ankers
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
| | - Benny J Evison
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Don R Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
| | - Robert T C Brownlee
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Cutts
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia.
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24
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Hu XY, Jia K, Cao Y, Li Y, Qin S, Zhou F, Lin C, Zhang D, Wang L. Dual photo- and pH-responsive supramolecular nanocarriers based on water-soluble pillar[6]arene and different azobenzene derivatives for intracellular anticancer drug delivery. Chemistry 2014; 21:1208-20. [PMID: 25370941 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two novel types of supramolecular nanocarriers fabricated by the amphiphilic host-guest inclusion complex formed from water-soluble pillar[6]arene (WP6) and azobenzene derivatives G1 or G2 have been developed, in which G1 is structurally similar to G2 but has an extra phenoxy group in its hydrophobic region. Supramolecular micelles can be initially formed by WP6 with G1, which gradually transform into layered structures with liquid-crystalline properties, whereas stable supramolecular vesicles are obtained from WP6 and G2, which exhibit dual photo- and pH-responsiveness. Notably, the resulting WP6⊃G2 vesicles can efficiently encapsulate anticancer drug mitoxantrone (MTZ) to achieve MTZ-loaded vesicles, which maintain good stability in a simulated normal physiological environment, whereas in an acid environment similar to that of tumor cells or with external UV irradiation, the encapsulated drug is promptly released. More importantly, cytotoxicity assay indicates that such vesicles have good biocompatibility and the MTZ-loaded vesicles exhibit comparable anticancer activity to free MTZ, especially with additional UV stimulus, whereas its cytotoxicity for normal cells was remarkably reduced. Flow cytometric analysis further confirms that the cancer cell death caused by MTZ-loaded vesicles is associated with apoptosis. Therefore, the dual pH- and UV-responsive supramolecular vesicles are a potential platform for controlled release and targeted anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Center for Multimolecular Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
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25
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Ahn JS, Yang DH, Jung SH, Lee JJ, Kim I, Park S, Chung JS, Shin HJ, Kim DY, Lee KH, Moon JH, Sohn SK, Song IC, Jo DY, Joo YD. Clinical efficacy of mitoxantrone and Ara-C with or without etoposide salvage chemotherapy in adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: retrospective multicenter study of the Korean Adult ALL Working Party. Acta Haematol 2014; 133:91-7. [PMID: 25171064 DOI: 10.1159/000362261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitoxantrone is a conventional agent for relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, an effective combination with other drugs and a feasible dosage has not been identified. A retrospective study of 46 patients with relapsed or refractory ALL was conducted to determine the efficacy of mitoxantrone and Ara-C treatment with (MEC) and or without etoposide (MC). Twenty-seven and 19 patients received MC and MEC chemotherapy, respectively. Twenty-two (48%) patients showed overall response [complete response (CR), 33%; CR with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp), 15%], and 10 of 22 responders received allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Median overall survival (OS) was 6.2 months (95% confidence interval, 3.41-9.0). Thirteen (48%) patients in the MC group and 9 (47%) in the MEC group achieved CR/CRp (p = 0.96). Treatment-related mortalities in the MC and MEC groups were 3 (11%) and 4 (21%), respectively (p = 0.36). However, the MEC group frequently presented with grade 3 or higher bacteremia/candidemia (p = 0.013). No difference in OS was observed between the two groups (p = 0.769). In conclusion, salvage therapy consisting of mitoxantrone and Ara-C without etoposide appeared to be an effective bridge therapy to allogeneic SCT for patients with refractory or relapsed ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sook Ahn
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
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26
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Zagotto G, Gianoncelli A, Sissi C, Marzano C, Gandin V, Pasquale R, Capranico G, Ribaudo G, Palumbo M. Novel ametantrone-amsacrine related hybrids as topoisomerase IIβ poisons and cytotoxic agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:728-37. [PMID: 25042690 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The precise definition of the structural requirements for effective topoisomerase II poisoning by drug molecules is still an elusive issue. In the attempt to better define a pharmacophoric pattern, we prepared several conjugates combining the chemical features of two well-known topoisomerase II poisons, amsacrine and ametantrone. Indeed, an appropriate fusion geometry, which entails the anthracenedione moiety of ametantrone appropriately connected to the methanesulfonamidoaniline side chain of amsacrine, elicits DNA-intercalating properties, the capacity to inhibit the human topoisomerase IIβ isoform, and cytotoxic activity resembling that of the parent compounds. In addition, the properties of the lateral groups linked to the anthracenedione group play an important role in modulating DNA binding and cell cytotoxicity. Among the compounds tested, 10, 11, and 19 appear to be promising for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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27
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Risi G, Bloise N, Merli D, Icaro-Cornaglia A, Profumo A, Fagnoni M, Quartarone E, Imbriani M, Visai L. Invitro study of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with adsorbed mitoxantrone (MTO) as a drug delivery system to treat breast cancer. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02366h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitoxantrone 600 dpi in TIF format)??>(MTO) is a well-known anticancer drug. In order to improve its therapeutic effect, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were studied in vitro as a drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Risi
- Dept. of Chemistry
- University of Pavia
- Italy
- Dept. of Occupational Medicine, Ergonomy and Disability
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology
| | - Nora Bloise
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine
- Center for Tissue Engineering (C.I.T.)
- INSTM UdR of Pavia
- University of Pavia
- Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcello Imbriani
- Dept. of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine
- University of Pavia
- Italy
- Dept. of Occupational Medicine, Ergonomy and Disability
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology
| | - Livia Visai
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine
- Center for Tissue Engineering (C.I.T.)
- INSTM UdR of Pavia
- University of Pavia
- Italy
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28
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Kostrzewa-Nowak D, Tarasiuk J. Bioreductive activation of mitoxantrone by NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase does not change its apoptotic stimuli properties in regard to sensitive and multidrug resistant leukaemia HL60 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 721:141-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Duan Q, Cao Y, Li Y, Hu X, Xiao T, Lin C, Pan Y, Wang L. pH-responsive supramolecular vesicles based on water-soluble pillar[6]arene and ferrocene derivative for drug delivery. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:10542-9. [PMID: 23795864 DOI: 10.1021/ja405014r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The drug delivery system based on supramolecular vesicles that were self-assembled by a novel host-guest inclusion complex between a water-soluble pillar[6]arene (WP6) and hydrophobic ferrocene derivative in water has been developed. The inclusion complexation between WP6 and ferrocene derivative in water was studied by (1)H NMR, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy, which showed a high binding constant of (1.27 ± 0.42) × 10(5) M(-1) with 1:1 binding stoichiometry. This resulting inclusion complex could self-assemble into supramolecular vesicles that displayed a significant pH-responsive behavior in aqueous solution, which were investigated by fluorescent probe technique, dynamic laser scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the drug loading and in vitro drug release studies demonstrated that these supramolecular vesicles were able to encapsulate mitoxantrone (MTZ) to achieve MTZ-loaded vesicles, which particularly showed rapid MTZ release at low-pH environment. More importantly, the cellular uptake of these pH-responsive MTZ-loaded vesicles by cancer cells was observed by living cell imaging techniques, and their cytotoxicity assay indicated that unloaded vesicles had low toxicity to normal cells, which could dramatically reduce the toxicity of MTZ upon loading of MTZ. Meanwhile, MTZ-loaded vesicles exhibited comparable anticancer activity in vitro as free MTZ to cancer cells under examined conditions. This study suggests that such supramolecular vesicles have great potential as controlled drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunpeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Center for Multimolecular Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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30
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Nowicka AM, Stojek Z, Hepel M. Chromium(VI) but not chromium(III) species decrease mitoxantrone affinity to DNA. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:1021-30. [PMID: 23293930 DOI: 10.1021/jp3109094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Binding of mitoxantrone (MXT) to double-stranded DNA has been investigated as a model drug-DNA binding system to evaluate the effects of various forms of chromium on the binding properties. We have found that Cr(III), which binds strongly to DNA, does not affect the MXT affinity to DNA. In contrast, Cr(VI), in the form of chromate ions CrO(4)(2-), decreases the MXT affinity to DNA despite electrostatic repulsions with phosphate-deoxyribose chains of DNA. The MXT-DNA binding constant was found to decrease from (1.96 ± 0.005) × 10(5) to (0.77 ± 0.018) × 10(5) M(-1) for Cr(VI) concentration changing from 0 to 30 μM. The influence of Cr(VI) on MXT-DNA binding has been attributed to the oxidation of guanine residue, thus interrupting the intercalation of MXT into the DNA double helix at the preferential CpG intercalation site. This supposition is corroborated by the observed increase in the MXT binding site size from 2 bp (base pairs) to 4-6 bp in the presence of Cr(VI). The measurements of the MXT-DNA binding constant and the MXT binding site size on a DNA molecule have been carried out using spectroscopic, voltammetric, and nanogravimetric techniques, providing useful information on the mechanism of the interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Nowicka
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, New York 13676, USA
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Agarwal S, Jangir DK, Mehrotra R. Spectroscopic studies of the effects of anticancer drug mitoxantrone interaction with calf-thymus DNA. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 120:177-82. [PMID: 23266050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitoxantrone (MTX) (1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]-9,10-anthracenedione) is a synthetic antineoplastic drug, widely used as a potent chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of various types of cancer. It is structurally similar to classical anthracyclines. Widespread interest in the anticancer agent mitoxantrone has arisen because of its apparent lower risk of cardio-toxic effects compared to the naturally occurring anthracyclines. In the present work, we investigated the interaction of mitoxantrone with DNA in the buffer solution at physiological pH using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-Visible absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopic techniques. FTIR analysis revealed the intercalation of mitoxantrone between the DNA base pairs along with its external binding with phosphate-sugar backbone. The binding constant calculated for mitoxantrone-DNA association was found to be 3.88×10(5)M(-1) indicating high affinity of drug with DNA double helix. Circular dichroism spectroscopic results suggest that there are no major conformational changes in DNA upon interaction with drug except some perturbations in native B-DNA at local level. The present work shows the capability of spectroscopic analysis to characterize the nature of drug-biomolecule complex and the effects of such interaction on the structure of biomolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Agarwal
- Quantum Optics and Photon Physics, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
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Casorelli I, Bossa C, Bignami M. DNA damage and repair in human cancer: molecular mechanisms and contribution to therapy-related leukemias. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:2636-57. [PMID: 23066388 PMCID: PMC3447578 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9082636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most antitumour therapies damage tumour cell DNA either directly or indirectly. Without repair, damage can result in genetic instability and eventually cancer. The strong association between the lack of DNA damage repair, mutations and cancer is dramatically demonstrated by a number of cancer-prone human syndromes, such as xeroderma pigmentosum, ataxia-telangiectasia and Fanconi anemia. Notably, DNA damage responses, and particularly DNA repair, influence the outcome of therapy. Because DNA repair normally excises lethal DNA lesions, it is intuitive that efficient repair will contribute to intrinsic drug resistance. Unexpectedly, a paradoxical relationship between DNA mismatch repair and drug sensitivity has been revealed by model studies in cell lines. This suggests that connections between DNA repair mechanism efficiency and tumour therapy might be more complex. Here, we review the evidence for the contribution of carcinogenic properties of several drugs as well as of alterations in specific mechanisms involved in drug-induced DNA damage response and repair in the pathogenesis of therapy-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Casorelli
- Azienda Ospedaliera Sant’Andrea, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, Roma 00189, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Bossa
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Roma 00161, Italy;
| | - Margherita Bignami
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Roma 00161, Italy;
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +39-6-49901-2355; Fax: +39-6-49901-3650
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Mechanism of generation of therapy related leukemia in response to anti-topoisomerase II agents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:2075-91. [PMID: 22829791 PMCID: PMC3397365 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9062075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Type II DNA topoisomerases have the ability to generate a transient DNA double-strand break through which a second duplex can be passed; an activity essential for DNA decatenation and unknotting. Topoisomerase poisons stabilize the normally transient topoisomerase-induced DSBs and are potent and widely used anticancer drugs. However, their use is associated with therapy-related secondary leukemia, often bearing 11q23 translocations involving the MLL gene. We will explain recent discoveries in the fields of topoisomerase biology and transcription that have consequences for our understanding of the etiology of leukemia, especially therapy-related secondary leukemia and describe how these findings may help minimize the occurrence of these neoplasias.
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Surface Functionalization of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Controls Loading and Release Behavior of Mitoxantrone. Pharm Res 2012; 29:2407-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Role of structural factors of antitumour anthraquinone derivatives and analogues in the ability to undergo bioreductive activation by NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase. Implications for increasing the activity against sensitive and multidrug-resistant leukaemia HL60 cells. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:393-405. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32834fcf4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Evison BJ, Pastuovic M, Bilardi RA, Forrest RA, Pumuye PP, Sleebs BE, Watson KG, Phillips DR, Cutts SM. M2, a novel anthracenedione, elicits a potent DNA damage response that can be subverted through checkpoint kinase inhibition to generate mitotic catastrophe. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1604-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Cationic drug-derived nanoparticles for multifunctional delivery of anticancer siRNA. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9785-95. [PMID: 21937102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Combined treatment of anticancer drugs and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have emerged as a new modality of anticancer therapy. Here, we describe a co-delivery system of anticancer drugs and siRNA in which anticancer drug-derived lipids form cationic nanoparticles for siRNA complexation. The anticancer drug mitoxantrone (MTO) was conjugated to palmitoleic acid, generating two types of palmitoleyl MTO (Pal-MTO) lipids: monopalmitoleyl MTO (mono-Pal-MTO) and dipalmitoleyl MTO (di-Pal-MTO). Among various lipid compositions of MTO, nanoparticles containing mono-Pal-MTO and di-Pal-MTO at a molar ratio of 1:1 (md11-Pal-MTO nanoparticles) showed the most efficient cellular delivery of siRNA, higher than that of Lipofectamine 2000. Delivery of red fluorescence protein-specific siRNA into B16F10-RFP cells using md11-Pal-MTO nanoparticles reduced the expression of RFP at both mRNA and protein levels, demonstrating silencing of the siRNA target gene. Moreover, delivery of Mcl-1-specific anticancer siRNA (siMcl-1) using md11-Pal-MTO enhanced antitumor activity in vitro, reducing tumor cell viability by 81% compared to a reduction of 68% following Lipofectamine 2000-mediated transfection of siMcl-1. Intratumoral administration of siMcl-1 using md11-Pal-MTO nanoparticles significantly inhibited tumor growth, reducing tumor size by 83% compared to untreated controls. Our results suggest the potential of md11-Pal-MTO multifunctional nanoparticles for co-delivery of anticancer siRNAs for effective combination therapy.
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Lewandowska J, Bartoszek A. DNA methylation in cancer development, diagnosis and therapy--multiple opportunities for genotoxic agents to act as methylome disruptors or remediators. Mutagenesis 2011; 26:475-87. [PMID: 21551264 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ger019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of DNA methylation and recently discovered hydroxymethylation in the function of the human epigenome is currently one of the hottest topics in the life sciences. Progress in this field of research has been further accelerated by the discovery that alterations in the methylome are not only associated with key functions of cells and organisms, such as development, differentiation and gene expression, but may underlie a number of human diseases, including cancer. This review describes both well established and more recent observations concerning alterations in the methylome, i.e. the global and local distribution of 5-methylcytosines, involved in its normal functions. Then, the changes in DNA methylation pattern seen in cancer cells are discussed in the context of their utilisation in cancer diagnostics and treatment. On this basis, comparisons are made between natural covalent DNA modification and that induced by genotoxic agents, chemical carcinogens and antitumour drugs as regards their impact on epigenetic mechanisms. The available data suggest that DNA damage by genotoxins can mimic epigenetic markers and in consequence disrupt the proper function of the epigenome. On the other hand, the same processes in cancer cells, e.g. DNA demethylation as a result of DNA methyltransferase blocking or the induction of DNA repair by DNA adducts, may restore the activity of hypermethylated anticancer genes. The observed multiple mechanisms by which genotoxic agents directly affect methylome function suggest that chemical carcinogens act primarily as epigenome disruptors, whereas mutations are secondary events that occur at later stages of cancer development when genome-protecting mechanisms have already been deregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Lewandowska
- Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Hajihassan Z, Rabbani-Chadegani A. The effect of mitoxantrone as an anticancer drug on hepatocytes nuclei and chromatin: Selective release of histone proteins. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 43:187-91. [PMID: 21572656 PMCID: PMC3081460 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.77362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 10/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitoxantrone is an anticancer drug widely used in the treatment of various cancers. In the present study the effect of mitoxantrone on chromatin proteins of intact hepatocytes nuclei was investigated and compared with soluble chromatin. MATERIALS AND METHODS UV/Vis spectroscopy, SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and western bolting were used. RESULTS The results show that exposure of intact nuclei to various concentrations of mitoxantrone resulted in the release of histone H1 family proteins, H1 and H1°, in a dose-dependent manner but not core histones and high mobility group proteins. Western blot analysis using antiserum against histones H1 and H1° revealed cross-reactivity and confirmed the result. Spectroscopy results showed that mitoxantrone binds to nuclear components and reduces the absorbances at 608 and 400 nm. The binding isotherms revealed cooperative binding with one binding site. CONCLUSION From the results it is suggested that mitoxantrone binds to intact nuclei and chromatin with different affinities and linker DNA can be considered as a main binding site for mitoxantrone at the nuclei level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajihassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azra Rabbani-Chadegani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Molecular Modeling Study of Interaction of Anthracenedione Class of Drug Mitoxantrone and Its Analogs with DNA Tetrameric Sequences. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 696:385-400. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7046-6_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Parker C, Waters R, Leighton C, Hancock J, Sutton R, Moorman AV, Ancliff P, Morgan M, Masurekar A, Goulden N, Green N, Révész T, Darbyshire P, Love S, Saha V. Effect of mitoxantrone on outcome of children with first relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL R3): an open-label randomised trial. Lancet 2010; 376:2009-17. [PMID: 21131038 PMCID: PMC3010035 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia has improved greatly in the past two decades, the outcome of those who relapse has remained static. We investigated the outcome of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia who relapsed on present therapeutic regimens. METHODS This open-label randomised trial was undertaken in 22 centres in the UK and Ireland and nine in Australia and New Zealand. Patients aged 1-18 years with first relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were stratified into high-risk, intermediate-risk, and standard-risk groups on the basis of duration of first complete remission, site of relapse, and immunophenotype. All patients were allocated to receive either idarubicin or mitoxantrone in induction by stratified concealed randomisation. Neither patients nor those giving interventions were masked. After three blocks of therapy, all high-risk group patients and those from the intermediate group with postinduction high minimal residual disease (≥10(-4) cells) received an allogenic stem-cell transplant. Standard-risk and intermediate-risk patients with postinduction low minimal residual disease (<10(-4) cells) continued chemotherapy. The primary outcome was progression-free survival and the method of analysis was intention-to-treat. Randomisation was stopped in December, 2007 because of differences in progression-free and overall survival between the two groups. This trial is registered, reference number ISCRTN45724312. FINDINGS Of 239 registered patients, 216 were randomly assigned to either idarubicin (109 analysed) or mitoxantrone (103 analysed). Estimated 3-year progression-free survival was 35·9% (95% CI 25·9-45·9) in the idarubicin group versus 64·6% (54·2-73·2) in the mitoxantrone group (p=0·0004), and 3-year overall survival was 45·2% (34·5-55·3) versus 69·0% (58·5-77·3; p=0·004). Differences in progression-free survival between groups were mainly related to a decrease in disease events (progression, second relapse, disease-related deaths; HR 0·56, 0·34-0·92, p=0·007) rather than an increase in adverse treatment effects (treatment death, second malignancy; HR 0·52, 0·24-1·11, p=0·11). INTERPRETATION As compared with idarubicin, mitoxantrone conferred a significant benefit in progression-free and overall survival in children with relapsed acute lymphobastic leukaemia, a potentially useful clinical finding that warrants further investigation. FUNDING Cancer Research UK, Leukaemia and Lymphoma Research, Cancer Council NSW, and Sporting Chance Cancer Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Parker
- Cancer Research UK Children's Cancer Group, School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Waters
- Centre for Statistics In Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carly Leighton
- Cancer Research UK Children's Cancer Group, School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Haematology Oncology Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeremy Hancock
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Rosemary Sutton
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony V Moorman
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Mary Morgan
- Child Oncology and Haematology Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Ashish Masurekar
- Cancer Research UK Children's Cancer Group, School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Nina Green
- Department of Haematology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tamas Révész
- Department of Clinical Haematology/Oncology, Children, Youth and Women's Health Service, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Philip Darbyshire
- Department of Haematology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sharon Love
- Centre for Statistics In Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vaskar Saha
- Cancer Research UK Children's Cancer Group, School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology Unit, Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Correspondence to: Prof Vaskar Saha, Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology Unit, Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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Mansour OC, Evison BJ, Sleebs BE, Watson KG, Nudelman A, Rephaeli A, Buck DP, Collins JG, Bilardi RA, Phillips DR, Cutts SM. New anthracenedione derivatives with improved biological activity by virtue of stable drug-DNA adduct formation. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6851-66. [PMID: 20860366 DOI: 10.1021/jm901894c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitoxantrone is an anticancer agent that acts as a topoisomerase II poison, however, it can also be activated by formaldehyde to form DNA adducts. Pixantrone, a 2-aza-anthracenedione with terminal primary amino groups in its side chains, forms formaldehyde-mediated adducts with DNA more efficiently than mitoxantrone. Molecular modeling studies indicated that extension of the "linker" region of anthracenedione side arms would allow the terminal primary amino greater flexibility and thus access to the guanine residues on the opposite DNA strand. New derivatives based on the pixantrone and mitoxantrone backbones were synthesized, and these incorporated primary amino groups as well as extended side chains. The stability of DNA adducts increased with increasing side chain length of the derivatives. A mitoxantrone derivative bearing extended side chains (7) formed the most stable adducts with ∼100-fold enhanced stability compared to mitoxantrone. This finding is of great interest because long-lived drug-DNA adducts are expected to perturb DNA-dependent functions at all stages of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula C Mansour
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
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Adnan N, Buck DP, Evison BJ, Cutts SM, Phillips DR, Collins JG. DNA binding by pixantrone. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5359-66. [PMID: 20865205 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00295j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The binding of the anticancer drug pixantrone (6,9-bis[(2-aminoethyl)amino]benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione dimaleate) to the octanucleotide duplexes d(ACGATCGT)(2) and the corresponding C-5 methylated cytosine ((5Me)C) analogue d(A(5Me)CGAT(5Me)CGT)(2) has been studied by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling. The large upfield shifts observed for the resonances from the aromatic protons of pixantrone upon addition to either d(ACGATCGT)(2) or the corresponding (5Me)C analogue is consistent with the drug binding the octanucleotides by intercalation. The selective reduction in the sequential NOEs between the C(2)-G(3) and C(6)-G(7) nucleotides in NOESY spectra of either octanucleotide with added pixantrone confirms the intercalative binding mechanism. Strong NOEs from the side-chain ethylene protons of pixantrone to the H5 protons and the 5-CH(3) protons of the C(2) and C(6) residues of d(ACGATCGT)(2) and d(A(5Me)CGAT(5Me)CGT)(2), respectively, indicate that pixantrone predominantly intercalates from the DNA major groove at the 5'-CG and 5'-(5Me)CG sites. Simple molecular models based on the conclusions from the NMR experiments indicated that the (5Me)C groups do not represent a steric barrier to intercalation from the major groove. However, the observation of weak NOEs from the ethylene protons of pixantrone to a variety of minor groove protons from either octanucleotide suggests that the drug can also associate in the minor groove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najia Adnan
- School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences University College, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, Northcott Drive, Campbell, ACT 2600, Australia
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Evison BJ, Bilardi RA, Chiu FCK, Pezzoni G, Phillips DR, Cutts SM. CpG methylation potentiates pixantrone and doxorubicin-induced DNA damage and is a marker of drug sensitivity. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:6355-70. [PMID: 19720735 PMCID: PMC2770666 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification of the mammalian genome that occurs predominantly at cytosine residues of the CpG dinucleotide. Following formaldehyde activation, pixantrone alkylates DNA and particularly favours the CpG motif. Aberrations in CpG methylation patterns are a feature of most cancer types, a characteristic that may determine their susceptibility to specific drug treatments. Given their common target, DNA methylation may modulate the DNA damage induced by formaldehyde-activated pixantrone. In vitro transcription, mass spectrometry and oligonucleotide band shift assays were utilized to establish that pixantrone–DNA adduct formation was consistently enhanced 2–5-fold at discrete methylated CpG doublets. The methylation-mediated enhancement was exquisitely sensitive to the position of the methyl substituent since methylation at neighboring cytosine residues failed to confer an increase in pixantrone–DNA alkylation. Covalent modification of DNA by formaldehyde-activated doxorubicin, but not cisplatin, was augmented by neighbouring CpG methylation, indicating that modulation of binding by CpG methylation is not a general feature of all alkylators. HCT116 colon cancer cells vastly deficient in CpG methylation were 12- and 10-fold more resistant to pixantrone and doxorubicin relative to the wild-type line, suggesting that these drugs may selectively recognize the aberrant CpG methylation profiles characteristic of most tumour types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny J Evison
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086
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Hajihassan Z, Rabbani-Chadegani A. Studies on the binding affinity of anticancer drug mitoxantrone to chromatin, DNA and histone proteins. J Biomed Sci 2009; 16:31. [PMID: 19284573 PMCID: PMC2660295 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-16-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitoxantrone is a potent antitumor drug, widely used in the treatment of various cancers. In the present study, we have investigated and compared the affinity of anticancer drug, mitoxantrone, to EDTA-soluble chromatin (SE-chromatin), DNA and histones employing UV/Vis, fluorescence, CD spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis and equilibrium dialysis techniques. The results showed that the interaction of mitoxantrone with SE-chromatin proceeds into compaction/aggregation as revealed by reduction in the absorbencies at 608 and 260 nm (hypochromicity) and disappearance of both histones and DNA on the gels. Mitoxantrone interacts strongly with histone proteins in solution making structural changes in the molecule as shown by CD and fluorescence analysis. The binding isotherms demonstrate a positive cooperative binding pattern for the chromatin- mitoxantrone interaction. It is suggested higher binding affinity of mitoxantrone to chromatin compared to DNA implying that the histone proteins may play an important role in the chromatin- mitoxantrone interaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajihassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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46
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Yuan J, Guo W, Yang X, Wang E. Anticancer drug-DNA interactions measured using a photoinduced electron-transfer mechanism based on luminescent quantum dots. Anal Chem 2009; 81:362-8. [PMID: 19117462 DOI: 10.1021/ac801533u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A sensing system based on the photoinduced electron transfer of quantum dots (QDs) was designed to measure the interaction of anticancer drug and DNA, taking mitoxantrone (MTX) as a model drug. MTX adsorbed on the surface of QDs can quench the photoluminescence (PL) of QDs through the photoinduced electron-transfer process; and then the addition of DNA will bring the restoration of QDs PL intensity, as DNA can bind with MTX and remove it from QDs. Sensitive detection of MTX with the detection limit of 10 nmol L(-1) and a linear detection range from 10 nmol L(-1) to 4.5 micromol L(-1) was achieved. The dependence of PL intensity on DNA amount was successfully utilized to investigate the interactions between MTX and DNA. Both the binding constants and the sizes of binding site of MTX-DNA interactions were calculated based on the equations deduced for the PL recovery process. The binding constant obtained in our experiment was generally consistent with previous reports. The sensitive and speedy detection of MTX as well as the avoidance of modification or immobilization process made this system suitable and promising in the drug-DNA interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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Wan C, Guo X, Song F, Liu Z, Liu S. Interactions of mitoxantrone with duplex and triplex DNA studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:4043-8. [PMID: 19012354 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We have examined interactions between mitoxantrone (MXT) and DNA duplexes or triplexes with different base compositions by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), respectively. MXT interacts preferentially with DNA duplexes compared to the triplexes. In the mass spectrum of the duplex-MXT mixture, the complex peaks dominated in the ratios of duplex/MXT of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, and the 1:2 duplex/MXT peak was the most abundant. In contrast, only 1:1 triplex-MXT complexes were observed in the mass spectrum of the triplex-MXT mixture, and the most intensive peak was a free triplex ion without MXT. Moreover, no sequence selectivity of MXT to different DNA duplexes was found while MXT showed greater affinity to the triplexes that have adjacent TAT or C(+)GC sequences. In the course of sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation (SORI-CID), the MXT-duplex complexes generated two separated strands, and the MXT remained on the purine strand side. UV/Vis spectra showed that MXT interacted with DNA by intercalation. Compared with emodin (a duplex intercalator) and napthylquinoline (a triplex binder), we found that the side chain of MXT might play a role in the binding of MXT to the duplexes and the triplexes. ESI-MS shows an advantage in speed and straightforwardness for the study of drug interactions with nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Wan
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
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Evison BJ, Chiu F, Pezzoni G, Phillips DR, Cutts SM. Formaldehyde-activated Pixantrone is a monofunctional DNA alkylator that binds selectively to CpG and CpA doublets. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 74:184-94. [PMID: 18413664 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.045625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The topoisomerase II poison mitoxantrone is important in the clinical management of human malignancies. Pixantrone, a novel aza-anthracenedione developed to improve the therapeutic profile of mitoxantrone, can efficiently alkylate DNA after formaldehyde activation. In vitro transcriptional analysis has now established that formaldehyde-activated pixantrone generates covalent adducts selectively at discrete CpG or CpA dinucleotides, suggesting that the activated complex binds to guanine or cytosine (or both) bases. The stability of pixantrone adduct-induced transcriptional blockages varied considerably, reflecting a mixture of distinct pixantrone adduct types that may include relatively labile monoadducts and more stable interstrand cross-links. 6,9-Bis-[[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino]benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione (BBR 2378), the dimethyl N-substituted analog of pixantrone, could not form adducts, suggesting that pixantrone alkylates DNA through the primary amino functions located in each side chain of the drug. Pixantrone generated DNA adducts only when guanine was present in substrates and exhibited a lack of adduct formation with inosine-containing polynucleotides, confirming that the N2 amino group of guanine is the site for covalent attachment of the drug. Mass spectrometric analysis of oligonucleotide-drug complexes confirmed that formation of covalent pixantrone-DNA adducts is mediated by a single methylene linkage provided by formaldehyde and that this occurs only with guanine-containing double stranded oligonucleotide substrates. CpG methylation, an epigenetic modification of the mammalian genome, significantly enhanced the generation of pixantrone-DNA adducts within a methylated DNA substrate, indicating that the methylated dinucleotide may be a favored target in a cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny J Evison
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
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Lee HM, Kim HD, Kim JM, Kim JK, Kim SK. Molecular Modeling Study on the Enantioselective Binding ofS- andR-Ofloxacin to Various DNA Sequences. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2007; 25:231-42. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2007.10507172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
5-Methylcytosine in DNA is genetically unstable. Methylated CpG (mCpG) sequences frequently undergo mutation resulting in a general depletion of this dinucleotide sequence in mammalian genomes. In human genetic disease- and cancer-relevant genes, mCpG sequences are mutational hotspots. It is an almost universally accepted dogma that these mutations are caused by random deamination of 5-methylcytosines. However, it is plausible that mCpG transitions are not caused simply by spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine in double-stranded DNA but by other processes including, for example, mCpG-specific base modification by endogenous or exogenous mutagens or, alternatively, by secondary factors operating at mCpG sequences and promoting deamination. We also discuss that mCpG sequences are favored targets for specific exogenous mutagens and carcinogens. When adjacent to another pyrimidine, 5-methylcytosine preferentially undergoes sunlight-induced pyrimidine dimer formation. Certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons form guanine adducts and induce G to T transversion mutations with high selectivity at mCpG sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Pfeifer
- Division of Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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