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Prolo C, Piacenza L, Radi R. Peroxynitrite: a multifaceted oxidizing and nitrating metabolite. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 80:102459. [PMID: 38723343 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite, a short-lived and reactive oxidant, emerges from the diffusion-controlled reaction between the superoxide radical and nitric oxide. Evidence shows that peroxynitrite is a critical mediator in physiological and pathological processes such as the immune response, inflammation, cancer, neurodegeneration, vascular dysfunction, and aging. The biochemistry of peroxynitrite is multifaceted, involving one- or two-electron oxidations and nitration reactions. This minireview highlights recent findings of peroxynitrite acting as a metabolic mediator in processes ranging from oxidative killing to redox signaling. Selected examples of nitrated proteins (i.e., 3-nitrotyrosine) are surveyed to underscore the role of this post-translational modification on cell homeostasis. While accumulated evidence shows that large amounts of peroxynitrite participates of broad oxidation and nitration events in invading pathogens and host tissues, a closer look supports that low to moderate levels selectively trigger signal transduction cascades. Peroxynitrite probes and redox-based pharmacology are instrumental to further understand the biological actions of this reactive metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Prolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Piacenza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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2
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Chen L, Yang T, Sun X, Wong CC, Yang D. Protein Tyrosine Amination: Detection, Imaging, and Chemoproteomic Profiling with Synthetic Probes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11944-11954. [PMID: 38622919 PMCID: PMC11066840 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine nitration (PTN) by oxidative and nitrative stress is a well-known post-translational modification that plays a role in the initiation and progression of various diseases. Despite being recognized as a stable modification for decades, recent studies have suggested the existence of a reduction in PTN, leading to the formation of 3-aminotyrosine (3AT) and potential denitration processes. However, the vital functions of 3AT-containing proteins are still unclear due to the lack of selective probes that directly target the protein tyrosine amination. Here, we report a novel approach to label and enrich 3AT-containing proteins with synthetic salicylaldehyde (SAL)-based probes: SALc-FL with a fluorophore and SALc-Yn with an alkyne tag. These probes exhibit high selectivity and efficiency in labeling and can be used in cell lysates and live cells. More importantly, SALc-Yn offers versatility when integrated into multiple platforms by enabling proteome-wide quantitative profiling of cell nitration dynamics. Using SALc-Yn, 355 proteins were labeled, enriched, and identified to carry the 3AT modification in oxidatively stressed RAW264.7 cells. These findings provide compelling evidence supporting the involvement of 3AT as a critical intermediate in nitrated protein turnover. Moreover, our probes serve as powerful tools to investigate protein nitration and denitration processes, and the identification of 3AT-containing proteins contributes to our understanding of PTN dynamics and its implications in cellular redox biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Morningside
Laboratory for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tonghua Yang
- Morningside
Laboratory for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue Sun
- First
School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Catherine C.L. Wong
- First
School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Clinical Research
Institute, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Tsinghua-Peking
University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Westlake
Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
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3
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Jordan S, Li B, Traore E, Wu Y, Usai R, Liu A, Xie ZR, Wang Y. Structural and spectroscopic characterization of RufO indicates a new biological role in rufomycin biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105049. [PMID: 37451485 PMCID: PMC10424215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rufomycins constitute a class of cyclic heptapeptides isolated from actinomycetes. They are secondary metabolites that show promising treatment against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections by inhibiting a novel drug target. Several nonproteinogenic amino acids are integrated into rufomycins, including a conserved 3-nitro-tyrosine. RufO, a cytochrome P450 (CYP)-like enzyme, was proposed to catalyze the formation of 3-nitro-tyrosine in the presence of O2 and NO. To define its biological function, the interaction between RufO and the proposed substrate tyrosine is investigated using various spectroscopic methods that are sensitive to the structural change of a heme center. However, a low- to high-spin state transition and a dramatic increase in the redox potential that are commonly found in CYPs upon ligand binding have not been observed. Furthermore, a 1.89-Å crystal structure of RufO shows that the enzyme has flexible surface regions, a wide-open substrate access tunnel, and the heme center is largely exposed to solvent. Comparison with a closely related nitrating CYP reveals a spacious and hydrophobic distal pocket in RufO, which is incapable of stabilizing a free amino acid. Molecular docking validates the experimental data and proposes a possible substrate. Collectively, our results disfavor tyrosine as the substrate of RufO and point to the possibility that the nitration occurs during or after the assembly of the peptides. This study indicates a new function of the unique nitrating enzyme and provides insights into the biosynthesis of nonribosomal peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Bingnan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ephrahime Traore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yifei Wu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Remigio Usai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Aimin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Zhong-Ru Xie
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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Griswold-Prenner I, Kashyap AK, Mazhar S, Hall ZW, Fazelinia H, Ischiropoulos H. Unveiling the human nitroproteome: Protein tyrosine nitration in cell signaling and cancer. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105038. [PMID: 37442231 PMCID: PMC10413360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent amino acid modification significantly expands protein functional capability in regulating biological processes. Tyrosine residues can undergo phosphorylation, sulfation, adenylation, halogenation, and nitration. These posttranslational modifications (PTMs) result from the actions of specific enzymes: tyrosine kinases, tyrosyl-protein sulfotransferase(s), adenylate transferase(s), oxidoreductases, peroxidases, and metal-heme containing proteins. Whereas phosphorylation, sulfation, and adenylation modify the hydroxyl group of tyrosine, tyrosine halogenation and nitration target the adjacent carbon residues. Because aberrant tyrosine nitration has been associated with human disorders and with animal models of disease, we have created an updated and curated database of 908 human nitrated proteins. We have also analyzed this new resource to provide insight into the role of tyrosine nitration in cancer biology, an area that has not previously been considered in detail. Unexpectedly, we have found that 879 of the 1971 known sites of tyrosine nitration are also sites of phosphorylation suggesting an extensive role for nitration in cell signaling. Overall, the review offers several forward-looking opportunities for future research and new perspectives for understanding the role of tyrosine nitration in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zach W Hall
- Nitrase Therapeutics, Brisbane, California, USA
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chakraborty S, Mukherjee P, Sengupta R. Ribonucleotide reductase: Implications of thiol S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration for different subunits. Nitric Oxide 2022; 127:26-43. [PMID: 35850377 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is a multi-subunit enzyme responsible for catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the production of deoxyribonucleotides essential for DNA synthesis and repair. The active RNR complex is composed of multimeric R1 and R2 subunits. The RNR catalysis involves the formation of tyrosyl radicals in R2 subunits and thiyl radicals in R1 subunits. Despite the quaternary structure and cofactor diversity, all the three classes of RNR have a conserved cysteine residue at the active site which is converted into a thiyl radical that initiates the substrate turnover, suggesting that the catalytic mechanism is somewhat similar for all three classes of the RNR enzyme. Increased RNR activity has been associated with malignant transformation, cancer cell growth, and tumorigenesis. Efforts concerning the understanding of RNR inhibition in designing potent RNR inhibitors/drugs as well as developing novel approaches for antibacterial, antiviral treatments, and cancer therapeutics with improved radiosensitization have been made in clinical research. This review highlights the precise and potent roles of NO in RNR inhibition by targeting both the subunits. Under nitrosative stress, the thiols of the R1 subunits have been found to be modified by S-nitrosylation and the tyrosyl radicals of the R2 subunits have been modified by nitration. In view of the recent advances and progresses in the field of nitrosative modifications and its fundamental role in signaling with implications in health and diseases, the present article focuses on the regulations of RNR activity by S-nitrosylation of thiols (R1 subunits) and nitration of tyrosyl residues (R2 subunits) which will further help in designing new drugs and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surupa Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Prerona Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajib Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India.
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Piacenza L, Zeida A, Trujillo M, Radi R. The superoxide radical switch in the biology of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1881-1906. [PMID: 35605280 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucìa Piacenza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Ari Zeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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7
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Liu T, Schroeder H, Power GG, Blood AB. A physiologically relevant role for NO stored in vascular smooth muscle cells: A novel theory of vascular NO signaling. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102327. [PMID: 35605454 PMCID: PMC9126848 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosothiols (SNO), dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC), and nitroglycerine (NTG) dilate vessels via activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) in vascular smooth muscle cells. Although these compounds are often considered to be nitric oxide (NO) donors, attempts to ascribe their vasodilatory activity to NO-donating properties have failed. Even more puzzling, many of these compounds have vasodilatory potency comparable to or even greater than that of NO itself, despite low membrane permeability. This raises the question: How do these NO adducts activate cytosolic sGC when their NO moiety is still outside the cell? In this review, we classify these compounds as ‘nitrodilators’, defined by their potent NO-mimetic vasoactivities despite not releasing requisite amounts of free NO. We propose that nitrodilators activate sGC via a preformed nitrodilator-activated NO store (NANOS) found within the vascular smooth muscle cell. We reinterpret vascular NO handling in the framework of this NANOS paradigm, and describe the knowledge gaps and perspectives of this novel model.
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The Ginsenoside Rg 1 Rescues Mitochondrial Disorders in Aristolochic Acid-Induced Nephropathic Mice. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101018. [PMID: 34685389 PMCID: PMC8539135 DOI: 10.3390/life11101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to aristolochic acid (AA) leads to renal interstitial fibrosis and nephropathy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of Panax ginseng extract (GE) and ginsenoside saponin (GS) on AA-induced nephropathy (AAN) in mice. Eighty female C3H/He mice were randomly divided into eight groups, including normal; AA (3 μg/mL for 56 days); AA with GE (125, 250, or 500 mg/kg/d for 14 days); and AA with important GE ingredients, Rg1, Rb1, or Rd (5 mg/kg/d for 14 days). Compared with the AA group, renal injuries were significantly decreased in the GE (250 mg/kg/d), Rb1, and Rg1 treatment groups. Rg1 exhibited the best renoprotection among all GS-treated groups. There were 24 peaks significantly altered among normal, AA, and AA + Rg1 groups, and four mitochondrial proteins were identified, including acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 2, upregulated during skeletal muscle growth 5 (Usmg5), mitochondrial aconitase 2 (ACO2), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va preprotein (COX5a). We demonstrated for the first time that the AAN mechanism and renoprotective effects of Rg1 are associated with expression of mitochondrial proteins, especially ACO2, Usmg5, and COX5a.
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Sabadashka M, Nagalievska M, Sybirna N. Tyrosine nitration as a key event of signal transduction that regulates functional state of the cell. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:481-497. [PMID: 31908104 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the role of nitration of proteins by tyrosine residues in physiological and pathological conditions. First of all, we analyze the biochemical evidence of peroxynitrite formation and reactions that lead to its formation, types of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) induced by reactive nitrogen species, as well as three biological pathways of tyrosine nitration. Then, we describe two possible mechanisms of protein nitration that are involved in intracellular signal transduction, as well as its interconnection with phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of tyrosine. Next part of the review is dedicated to the role of proteins nitration in different pathological conditions. In this section, special attention is devoted to the role of nitration in changes of functional properties of actin-protein that undergoes PTMs both in normal and pathological conditions. Overall, this review is devoted to the main features of protein nitration by tyrosine residue and the role of this process in intracellular signal transduction in basal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Sabadashka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4, Hrushevskyi St., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Mariia Nagalievska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4, Hrushevskyi St., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Sybirna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4, Hrushevskyi St., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
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Anavi S, Tirosh O. iNOS as a metabolic enzyme under stress conditions. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:16-35. [PMID: 31672462 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical acting as a cellular signaling molecule in many different biochemical processes. NO is synthesized from l-arginine through the action of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) family of enzymes, which includes three isoforms: endothelial NOS (eNOS), neuronal NOS (nNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS). iNOS-derived NO has been associated with the pathogenesis and progression of several diseases, including liver diseases, insulin resistance, obesity and diseases of the cardiovascular system. However, transient NO production can modulate metabolism to survive and cope with stress conditions. Accumulating evidence strongly imply that iNOS-derived NO plays a central role in the regulation of several biochemical pathways and energy metabolism including glucose and lipid metabolism during inflammatory conditions. This review summarizes current evidence for the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by iNOS during inflammation, and argues for the role of iNOS as a metabolic enzyme in immune and non-immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Anavi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oren Tirosh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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Zhang W, Liu J, Li P, Wang X, Bi S, Zhang J, Zhang W, Wang H, Tang B. In situ and real-time imaging of superoxide anion and peroxynitrite elucidating arginase 1 nitration aggravating hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomaterials 2019; 225:119499. [PMID: 31561087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is dynamically regulated by intertwined superoxide anion (O2-)-peroxynitrite (ONOO-) cascaded molecules. Arginase 1 involves in O2-/ONOO- fluctuations and is strongly connected to IR injury. A few probes have been innovated to measure intracellular O2- or ONOO- by fluorescent imaging separately, but revealing the definite link of O2-, ONOO- and arginase 1 in situ remains unidentified in hepatic IR. Thus, a well-designed dual-color two-photon fluorescence probe (CyCA) was created for the in situ real-time detection of O2--ONOO-. Surprisingly, CyCA exhibited a suitable combination of high specificity, preeminent sensitivity, exclusive mitochondria-targeting and fast-response. On the basis of remarkable advantages, we successfully applied CyCA to visualize endogenous O2- and ONOO- in living cells and mice. The synergistic elevation of mitochondrial O2--ONOO- in IR mice was observed for the first time. Furthermore, three tyrosine nitration-sites in arginase 1 caused by ONOO- were identified in proteomic analysis, which was never reported previously. Attractively, nitro-modified arginase 1 could further promote ONOO- formation, ultimately exacerbating the intracellular redox imbalance and IR injury. These new findings decipher direct molecular links of O2--ONOO--arginase 1, and suggest effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Jihong Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Simin Bi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
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12
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Takahashi M, Morikawa H. Nitrogen Dioxide at Ambient Concentrations Induces Nitration and Degradation of PYR/PYL/RCAR Receptors to Stimulate Plant Growth: A Hypothetical Model. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:plants8070198. [PMID: 31262027 PMCID: PMC6681506 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposing Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) seedlings fed with soil nitrogen to 10-50 ppb nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for several weeks stimulated the uptake of major elements, photosynthesis, and cellular metabolisms to more than double the biomass of shoot, total leaf area and contents of N, C P, K, S, Ca and Mg per shoot relative to non-exposed control seedlings. The 15N/14N ratio analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that N derived from NO2 (NO2-N) comprised < 5% of the total plant N, showing that the contribution of NO2-N as N source was minor. Moreover, histological analysis showed that leaf size and biomass were increased upon NO2 treatment, and that these increases were attributable to leaf age-dependent enhancement of cell proliferation and enlargement. Thus, NO2 may act as a plant growth signal rather than an N source. Exposure of Arabidopsis leaves to 40 ppm NO2 induced virtually exclusive nitration of PsbO and PsbP proteins (a high concentration of NO2 was used). The PMF analysis identified the ninth tyrosine residue of PsbO1 (9Tyr) as a nitration site. 9Tyr of PsbO1 was exclusively nitrated after incubation of the thylakoid membranes with a buffer containing NO2 and NO2- or a buffer containing NO2- alone. Nitration was catalyzed by illumination and repressed by photosystem II (PSII) electron transport inhibitors, and decreased oxygen evolution. Thus, protein tyrosine nitration altered (downregulated) the physiological function of cellular proteins of Arabidopsis leaves. This indicates that NO2-induced protein tyrosine nitration may stimulate plant growth. We hypothesized that atmospheric NO2 at ambient concentrations may induce tyrosine nitration of PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors in Arabidopsis leaves, followed by degradation of PYR/PYL/RCAR, upregulation of target of rapamycin (TOR) regulatory complexes, and stimulation of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Takahashi
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Hiromichi Morikawa
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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13
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Circulating CD3 +HLA-DR + Extracellular Vesicles as a Marker for Th1/Tc1-Type Immune Responses. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:6720819. [PMID: 31205958 PMCID: PMC6530242 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6720819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to contain unique proteins that reflect the cells of origins. Activated T cells are reported to secrete various EVs. To establish T cell subset-specific biomarkers, we performed proteomic analysis with Th1- and Th2-derived EVs and identified HLA-DR as a Th1-dominated EV membrane protein. We designed a measurement system for CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, and CD3+HLA-DR+ EVs to specifically determine EV subpopulations derived from CD4+, CD8+, and Th1-type T cells, respectively. In vitro analysis showed that CD3+CD4+ EVs and CD3+CD8+ EVs were selectively secreted from activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively, and that CD3+HLA-DR+ EVs were actively secreted from not only Th1 but also activated CD8+ T (probably mostly Tc1) cells. To evaluate the clinical usefulness of these EVs, we measured the serum levels in patients with inflammatory diseases, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, n = 13) infection, atopic dermatitis (AD, n = 10), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 20), and osteoarthritis (OA, n = 20) and compared the levels with those of healthy adults (n = 20). CD3+CD4+ EVs were significantly higher in all of EBV infection, AD, RA, and OA while CD3+CD8+ EVs were higher in EBV infection, lower in RA, and not different in AD and OA relative to the control. The levels of CD3+HLA-DR+ EVs were markedly higher in EBV infection and significantly lower in AD. The results suggest that these EV subpopulations reflect in vivo activation status of total CD4+, total CD8+, and Th1/Tc1-type T cells, respectively, and may be helpful in T cell-related clinical settings, such as cancer immunotherapy and treatment of chronic infection, autoimmune diseases, and graft-versus-host disease.
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De Armas MI, Esteves R, Viera N, Reyes AM, Mastrogiovanni M, Alegria TGP, Netto LES, Tórtora V, Radi R, Trujillo M. Rapid peroxynitrite reduction by human peroxiredoxin 3: Implications for the fate of oxidants in mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:369-378. [PMID: 30391677 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are main sites of peroxynitrite formation. While at low concentrations mitochondrial peroxynitrite has been associated with redox signaling actions, increased levels can disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis and lead to pathology. Peroxiredoxin 3 is exclusively located in mitochondria, where it has been previously shown to play a major role in hydrogen peroxide reduction. In turn, reduction of peroxynitrite by peroxiredoxin 3 has been inferred from its protective actions against tyrosine nitration and neurotoxicity in animal models, but was not experimentally addressed so far. Herein, we demonstrate the human peroxiredoxin 3 reduces peroxynitrite with a rate constant of 1 × 107 M-1 s-1 at pH 7.8 and 25 °C. Reaction with hydroperoxides caused biphasic changes in the intrinsic fluorescence of peroxiredoxin 3: the first phase corresponded to the peroxidatic cysteine oxidation to sulfenic acid. Peroxynitrite in excess led to peroxiredoxin 3 hyperoxidation and tyrosine nitration, oxidative post-translational modifications that had been previously identified in vivo. A significant fraction of the oxidant is expected to react with CO2 and generate secondary radicals, which participate in further oxidation and nitration reactions, particularly under metabolic conditions of active oxidative decarboxylations or increased hydroperoxide formation. Our results indicate that both peroxiredoxin 3 and 5 should be regarded as main targets for peroxynitrite in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inés De Armas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Center For Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Romina Esteves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Center For Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Viera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Center For Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Aníbal M Reyes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Center For Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Center For Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Thiago G P Alegria
- Departamento de Genética e Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis E S Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Verónica Tórtora
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Center For Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Center For Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Center For Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
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15
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Nitroso-Oxidative Stress, Acute Phase Response, and Cytogenetic Damage in Wistar Rats Treated with Adrenaline. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1805354. [PMID: 30584458 PMCID: PMC6280229 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1805354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at analysing biochemical and genetic endpoints of toxic effects after administration of adrenaline. For this purpose, the study was carried out on Wistar rats and three doses of adrenaline were used: 0.75 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, and 3 mg/kg body weight. To achieve these aims, we investigated the effects of adrenaline on catalase (CAT), Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite (NO2−), carbonyl groups (PCC), and nitrotyrosine (3-NT). Total activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), its relative distribution (LDH1–LDH5) activity, level of acute phase proteins (APPs), and genotoxic effect were also evaluated. The obtained results revealed that all doses of adrenaline induced a significant rise in CAT activity, MDA level, PCC, NO2−, and 3-NT and a significant decrease in SOD activity compared to control. Adrenaline exerted an increase in total activity of LDH, LDH1, and LDH2 isoenzymes. Further study showed that adrenaline significantly decreased serum albumin level and albumin-globulin ratio, while the level of APPs (α1-acid glycoprotein and haptoglobulin) is increased. The micronucleus test revealed a genotoxic effect of adrenaline at higher concentrations (1.5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg body weight) compared to untreated rats. It can be concluded that adrenaline exerts oxidative and nitrative stress in rats, increased damage to lipids and proteins, and damage of cardiomyocytes and cytogenetic damage. Obtained results may contribute to better understanding of the toxicity of adrenaline with aims to preventing its harmful effects.
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KOHUTIAR M, ECKHARDT A, MIKŠÍK I, ŠANTOROVÁ P, WILHELM J. Proteomic Analysis of Peroxynitrite-Induced Protein Nitration in Isolated Beef Heart Mitochondria. Physiol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.33549/10.33549/physiolres.933608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are exposed to reactive nitrogen species under physiological conditions and even more under several pathologic states. In order to reveal the mechanism of these processes we studied the effects of peroxynitrite on isolated beef heart mitochondria in vitro. Peroxynitrite has the potential to nitrate protein tyrosine moieties, break the peptide bond, and eventually release the membrane proteins into the solution. All these effects were found in our experiments. Mitochondrial proteins were resolved by 2D electrophoresis and the protein nitration was detected by immunochemical methods and by nano LC-MS/MS. Mass spectrometry confirmed nitration of ATP synthase subunit beta, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, citrate synthase and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase. Immunoblot detection using chemiluminiscence showed possible nitration of other proteins such as cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, elongation factor Tu, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, heat shock protein beta-1 and NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8. ATP synthase beta subunit was nitrated both in membrane and in fraction prepared by osmotic lysis. The high sensitivity of proteins to nitration by peroxynitrite is of potential biological importance, as these enzymes are involved in various pathways associated with energy production in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. KOHUTIAR
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Features and regulation of non-enzymatic post-translational modifications. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:244-252. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Ferrer-Sueta G, Campolo N, Trujillo M, Bartesaghi S, Carballal S, Romero N, Alvarez B, Radi R. Biochemistry of Peroxynitrite and Protein Tyrosine Nitration. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1338-1408. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Campolo
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Carballal
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Romero
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Kohutiar M, Eckhardt A, Mikšík I, Šantorová P, Wilhelm J. Proteomic analysis of peroxynitrite-induced protein nitration in isolated beef heart mitochondria. Physiol Res 2018; 67:239-250. [PMID: 29303599 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are exposed to reactive nitrogen species under physiological conditions and even more under several pathologic states. In order to reveal the mechanism of these processes we studied the effects of peroxynitrite on isolated beef heart mitochondria in vitro. Peroxynitrite has the potential to nitrate protein tyrosine moieties, break the peptide bond, and eventually release the membrane proteins into the solution. All these effects were found in our experiments. Mitochondrial proteins were resolved by 2D electrophoresis and the protein nitration was detected by immunochemical methods and by nano LC-MS/MS. Mass spectrometry confirmed nitration of ATP synthase subunit beta, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, citrate synthase and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase. Immunoblot detection using chemiluminiscence showed possible nitration of other proteins such as cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, elongation factor Tu, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, heat shock protein beta-1 and NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8. ATP synthase beta subunit was nitrated both in membrane and in fraction prepared by osmotic lysis. The high sensitivity of proteins to nitration by peroxynitrite is of potential biological importance, as these enzymes are involved in various pathways associated with energy production in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kohutiar
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
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20
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Molina F, Del Moral ML, Peinado MÁ, Rus A. Response of the Nitric Oxide System to Hypobaric Hypoxia in the Aged Striatum. Gerontology 2016; 63:36-44. [PMID: 27760428 DOI: 10.1159/000450607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) appears to play a key role in the hypoxic injury to the brain. We have previously reported that hypoxia/reoxygenation downregulated NO synthases (NOS) in the adult striatum. Until now, no data were available concerning the influence of aging in conjunction with hypoxia/reoxygenation on the NO system in the striatum. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the role of the NO pathway in the hypoxic aged striatum. METHODS Wistar rats 24-25 months old were submitted to hypobaric hypoxia (20 min)/reoxygenation (0 h, 24 h, 5 days). Expression (PCR, immunohistochemistry/image analysis) and activity (NADPH-diaphorase/image analysis) of NOS isoforms (neuronal NOS or nNOS, endothelial NOS or eNOS, inducible NOS or iNOS) were analyzed together with nitrated protein expression (immunohistochemistry/image analysis). NO levels were indirectly quantified as nitrates/nitrites (NOx). RESULTS The mRNA levels of NOS isoforms were undetectable at 0 h after hypoxia in the striatum compared to the control. At later reoxygenation times, nNOS mRNA decreased, while eNOS mRNA augmented. Protein levels of nNOS and eNOS rose at 24 h after hypoxia, and iNOS protein increased at 5 days. NOx levels remained unchanged, whereas in situ NOS activity and protein nitration diminished during reoxygenation in the aged striatum. CONCLUSION The aged striatum may overexpress NOS isoforms as a neuroprotective-adaptive mechanism to hypoxia. However, this mechanism may not work properly in the aged striatum, since no changes in NO levels were detected after hypoxia. This may be related to the low activity of NOS isoforms in the hypoxic striatum.
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Sabadashka M, Sybirna N. Reduction of radiation-induced nitrative stress in leucocytes and kidney cells of rats upon administration of polyphenolic complex concentrates from red wine. CYTOL GENET+ 2016. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452716030099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Deeb RS, Hajjar DP. Repair Mechanisms in Oxidant-Driven Chronic Inflammatory Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1736-1749. [PMID: 27171899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interplay that governs chronic diseases through pathways specifically associated with chronic inflammation remains undefined. Many metabolic events have been identified during the injury and repair process. Nonetheless, the cellular events that control the pathogenesis of inflammation-induced disease have not been fully characterized. We and others reason that chronic inflammatory diseases associated with a cascade of complex network mediators, such as nitric oxide, arachidonic acid metabolites, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species, play a significant role in the governance of alterations in homeostasis, oxidative stress, and thromboatherosclerosis. In this context, we discuss lipid mediators associated with the maintenance of health, including the specialized proresolving mediators that help drive cellular repair. Emphasis is placed on the pathophysiology of chronic metabolic insults involving both the airways and the cardiovascular system during oxidant-driven inflammatory disease. In this review, we highlight new pathways of inquiry that show promise for the identification of those metabolic targets that can improve therapy for chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba S Deeb
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, Connecticut.
| | - David P Hajjar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York.
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23
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Peng F, Li J, Guo T, Yang H, Li M, Sang S, Li X, Desiderio DM, Zhan X. Nitroproteins in Human Astrocytomas Discovered by Gel Electrophoresis and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:2062-76. [PMID: 26450359 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine nitration is involved in the pathogenesis of highly fatal astrocytomas, a type of brain cancer. To understand the molecular mechanisms of astrocytomas and to discover new biomarkers/therapeutic targets, we sought to identify nitroproteins in human astrocytoma tissue. Anti-nitrotyrosine immunoreaction-positive proteins from a high-grade astrocytoma tissue were detected with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE)-based nitrotyrosine immunoblots, and identified with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Fifty-seven nitrotyrosine immunopositive protein spots were detected. A total of 870 proteins (nitrated and non-nitrated) in nitrotyrosine-immunopositive 2D gel spots were identified, and 18 nitroproteins and their 20 nitrotyrosine sites were identified with MS/MS analysis. These nitroproteins participate in multiple processes, including drug-resistance, signal transduction, cytoskeleton, transcription and translation, cell proliferation and apoptosis, immune response, phenotypic dedifferentiation, cell migration, and metastasis. Among those nitroproteins that might play a role in astrocytomas was nitro-sorcin, which is involved in drug resistance and metastasis and might play a role in the spread and treatment of an astrocytoma. Semiquantitative immune-based measurements of different sorcin expressions were found among different grades of astrocytomas relative to controls, and a semiquantitative increased nitration level in high-grade astrocytoma relative to control. Nitro-β-tubulin functions in cytoskeleton and cell migration. Semiquantitative immunoreactivity of β-tubulin showed increased expression among different grades of astrocytomas relative to controls and semiquantitatively increased nitration level in high-grade astrocytoma relative to control. Each nitroprotein was rationalized and related to the corresponding functional system to provide new insights into tyrosine nitration and its potential role in the pathogenesis of astrocytoma formation. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianglin Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410018, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Department of Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shushan Sang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Dominic M Desiderio
- The Charles B. Stout Neuroscience Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.
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Interplay between oxidant species and energy metabolism. Redox Biol 2015; 8:28-42. [PMID: 26741399 PMCID: PMC4710798 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been recognized that energy metabolism is linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and critical enzymes allied to metabolic pathways can be affected by redox reactions. This interplay between energy metabolism and ROS becomes most apparent during the aging process and in the onset and progression of many age-related diseases (i.e. diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases). As such, the capacity to identify metabolic pathways involved in ROS formation, as well as specific targets and oxidative modifications is crucial to our understanding of the molecular basis of age-related diseases and for the design of novel therapeutic strategies. Herein we review oxidant formation associated with the cell's energetic metabolism, key antioxidants involved in ROS detoxification, and the principal targets of oxidant species in metabolic routes and discuss their relevance in cell signaling and age-related diseases. Energy metabolism is both a source and target of oxidant species. Reactive oxygen species are formed in redox reactions in catabolic pathways. Sensitive targets of oxidant species regulate the flux of metabolic pathways. Metabolic pathways and antioxidant systems are regulated coordinately.
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Takahashi M, Shigeto J, Sakamoto A, Izumi S, Asada K, Morikawa H. Dual selective nitration in Arabidopsis: Almost exclusive nitration of PsbO and PsbP, and highly susceptible nitration of four non-PSII proteins, including peroxiredoxin II E. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2569-78. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Misa Takahashi
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences; Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Jun Shigeto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences; Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences; Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Shunsuke Izumi
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences; Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kozi Asada
- Faculty of Engineering; Fukuyama University; Fukuyama Japan
| | - Hiromichi Morikawa
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences; Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
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Pereira M, Soares C, Canuto GAB, Tavares MFM, Colli W, Alves MJM. Down regulation of NO signaling in Trypanosoma cruzi upon parasite-extracellular matrix interaction: changes in protein modification by nitrosylation and nitration. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003683. [PMID: 25856423 PMCID: PMC4391712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adhesion of the Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes, the causative agent of Chagas' disease in humans, to components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important step in host cell invasion. The signaling events triggered in the parasite upon binding to ECM are less explored and, to our knowledge, there is no data available regarding •NO signaling. Methodology/Principal Findings Trypomastigotes were incubated with ECM for different periods of time. Nitrated and S-nitrosylated proteins were analyzed by Western blotting using anti-nitrotyrosine and S-nitrosyl cysteine antibodies. At 2 h incubation time, a decrease in NO synthase activity, •NO, citrulline, arginine and cGMP concentrations, as well as the protein modifications levels have been observed in the parasite. The modified proteins were enriched by immunoprecipitation with anti-nitrotyrosine antibodies (nitrated proteins) or by the biotin switch method (S-nitrosylated proteins) and identified by MS/MS. The presence of both modifications was confirmed in proteins of interest by immunoblotting or immunoprecipitation. Conclusions/Significance For the first time it was shown that T. cruzi proteins are amenable to modifications by S-nitrosylation and nitration. When T. cruzi trypomastigotes are incubated with the extracellular matrix there is a general down regulation of these reactions, including a decrease in both NOS activity and cGMP concentration. Notwithstanding, some specific proteins, such as enolase or histones had, at least, their nitration levels increased. This suggests that post-translational modifications of T. cruzi proteins are not only a reflex of NOS activity, implying other mechanisms that circumvent a relatively low synthesis of •NO. In conclusion, the extracellular matrix, a cell surrounding layer of macromolecules that have to be trespassed by the parasite in order to be internalized into host cells, contributes to the modification of •NO signaling in the parasite, probably an essential move for the ensuing invasion step. Interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi with the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential step in the invasion of mammalian cells. However, the nature of the signaling triggered in the parasite is poorly understood. Herein the key role of nitric oxide in T. cruzi signaling is described, using an ECM preparation, in the absence of host cells. Inhibition of NOS activity, with the expected decrease in •NO production, as well as decrease in cGMP concentration were observed by the incubation of T. cruzi trypomastigotes with ECM. Additionally, lower levels of protein S-nitrosylation and nitration were detected. These post-translational modifications have been analyzed by biotin-switch and protein immunoprecipitation approaches coupled to mass spectrometry. The presence of both modifications was confirmed for specific proteins, as mucin II (S-nitrosylation), histones, enolase and tubulins. To our knowledge, decrease in the •NO signaling pathway upon T. cruzi trypomastigotes adhesion to ECM, affecting both the canonical pathway (•NO-soluble guanylyl cyclase-cGMP) and protein S-nitrosylation and nitration is described for the first time in this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chrislaine Soares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Walter Colli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Julia M. Alves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Houée-Lévin C, Bobrowski K, Horakova L, Karademir B, Schöneich C, Davies MJ, Spickett CM. Exploring oxidative modifications of tyrosine: An update on mechanisms of formation, advances in analysis and biological consequences. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:347-73. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1007968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hu S, Liu H, Ha Y, Luo X, Motamedi M, Gupta MP, Ma JX, Tilton RG, Zhang W. Posttranslational modification of Sirt6 activity by peroxynitrite. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 79:176-85. [PMID: 25476852 PMCID: PMC4339438 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) is a site-specific histone deacetylase that regulates chromatin structure and many fundamental biological processes. It inhibits endothelial cell senescence and inflammation, prevents development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, modulates glucose metabolism, and represses tumor growth. The basic molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of Sirt6 enzymatic function are largely unknown. Here we hypothesized that Sirt6 function can be regulated via posttranslational modification, focusing on the role of peroxynitrite, one of the major reactive nitrogen species formed by excessive nitric oxide and superoxide generated during disease processes. We found that incubation of purified recombinant Sirt6 protein with 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1; a peroxynitrite donor that generates nitric oxide and superoxide simultaneously) increased Sirt6 tyrosine nitration and decreased its intrinsic catalytic activity. Similar results were observed in SIN-1-treated Sirt6, which was overexpressed in HEK293 cells, and in endogenous Sirt6 when human retinal microvascular endothelial cells were treated with SIN-1. To further investigate whether Sirt6 nitration occurs under pathological conditions, we determined Sirt6 nitration and activity in retina using a model of endotoxin-induced retinal inflammation. Our data showed that Sirt6 nitration was increased, whereas its activity was decreased, in this model. With mass spectrometry, we identified that tyrosine 257 in Sirt6 was nitrated after SIN-1 treatment. Mutation of tyrosine 257 to phenylalanine caused loss of Sirt6 activity and abolished SIN-1-induced nitration and decrease in its activity. Mass spectrometry analysis also revealed oxidation of methionine and tryptophan in Sirt6 after SIN-1 treatment. Our results demonstrate a novel regulatory mechanism controlling Sirt6 activity through reactive nitrogen species-mediated posttranslational modification under oxidative and nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqun Hu
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0144, USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0144, USA
| | - Yonju Ha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0144, USA
| | - Xuemei Luo
- Biomolecular Resource Facility, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0144, USA
| | - Massoud Motamedi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0144, USA; Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0144, USA
| | - Mahesh P Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 731 04, USA
| | - Ronald G Tilton
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0144, USA; Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Stark Diabetes Center, and The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0144, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0144, USA; Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0144, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0144, USA.
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Bottari SP. Protein tyrosine nitration: A signaling mechanism conserved from yeast to man. Proteomics 2015; 15:185-7. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge P. Bottari
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics; University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1055 and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire; Grenoble France
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30
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Functional roles of protein nitration in acute and chronic liver diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:149627. [PMID: 24876909 PMCID: PMC4021747 DOI: 10.1155/2014/149627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide, when combined with superoxide, produces peroxynitrite, which is known to be an important mediator for a number of diseases including various liver diseases. Peroxynitrite can modify tyrosine residue(s) of many proteins resulting in protein nitration, which may alter structure and function of each target protein. Various proteomics and immunological methods including mass spectrometry combined with both high pressure liquid chromatography and 2D PAGE have been employed to identify and characterize nitrated proteins from pathological tissue samples to determine their roles. However, these methods contain a few technical problems such as low efficiencies with the detection of a limited number of nitrated proteins and labor intensiveness. Therefore, a systematic approach to efficiently identify nitrated proteins and characterize their functional roles is likely to shed new insights into understanding of the mechanisms of hepatic disease pathophysiology and subsequent development of new therapeutics. The aims of this review are to briefly describe the mechanisms of hepatic diseases. In addition, we specifically describe a systematic approach to efficiently identify nitrated proteins to study their causal roles or functional consequences in promoting acute and chronic liver diseases including alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. We finally discuss translational research applications by analyzing nitrated proteins in evaluating the efficacies of potentially beneficial agents to prevent or treat various diseases in the liver and other tissues.
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31
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Seeley KW, Fertig AR, Dufresne CP, Pinho JPC, Stevens SM. Evaluation of a method for nitrotyrosine site identification and relative quantitation using a stable isotope-labeled nitrated spike-in standard and high resolution fourier transform MS and MS/MS analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6265-85. [PMID: 24736779 PMCID: PMC4013627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) can have deleterious effects in the cell, including structural and possible activity-altering modifications to proteins. Peroxynitrite is one such RNS that can result in a specific protein modification, nitration of tyrosine residues to form nitrotyrosine, and to date, the identification of nitrotyrosine sites in proteins continues to be a major analytical challenge. We have developed a method by which 15N-labeled nitrotyrosine groups are generated on peptide or protein standards using stable isotope-labeled peroxynitrite (O15NOO-), and the resulting standard is mixed with representative samples in which nitrotyrosine formation is to be measured by mass spectrometry (MS). Nitropeptide MS/MS spectra are filtered using high mass accuracy Fourier transform MS (FTMS) detection of the nitrotyrosine immonium ion. Given that the nitropeptide pair is co-isolated for MS/MS fragmentation, the nitrotyrosine immonium ions (at m/z=181 or 182) can be used for relative quantitation with negligible isotopic interference at a mass resolution of greater than 50,000 (FWHM, full width at half-maximum). Furthermore, the standard potentially allows for the increased signal of nitrotyrosine-containing peptides, thus facilitating selection for MS/MS in a data-dependent mode of acquisition. We have evaluated the methodology in terms of nitrotyrosine site identification and relative quantitation using nitrated peptide and protein standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent W Seeley
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Alison R Fertig
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Craig P Dufresne
- Training Institute, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1400 Northpoint Parkway, Ste 10., West Palm Beach, FL 33407, USA.
| | - Joao P C Pinho
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Stanley M Stevens
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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Scandroglio F, Tórtora V, Radi R, Castro L. Metabolic control analysis of mitochondrial aconitase: influence over respiration and mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:684-93. [PMID: 24601712 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.900175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The Fe-S cluster of mitochondrial aconitase is rapidly and selectively inactivated by oxidants, yielding an inactive enzyme that can be reactivated by reductants and iron in vivo. In order to elucidate the metabolic impact of oxidant-dependent aconitase inhibition over the citric acid cycle, the respiratory chain reactions, and reactive species formation, we performed a metabolic analysis using isolated mitochondria from different rat tissues. Titrations with fluorocitrate showed IC50 for aconitase inhibition ranging from 7 to 24 μM. The aconitase inhibition threshold in mitochondrial oxygen consumption was determined to range from 63 to 98%. Of the tissues examined, brain and heart exhibited the highest values in the flux control coefficient (> 0.95). Aconitase-specific activity varied widely among tissues examined from ~60 mU/mg in liver to 321 mU/mg in kidney at 21% O2. In brain and heart, aconitase-specific activity increased by 42 and 12%, respectively, at 2% O2 reflecting aconitase inactivation by oxygen-derived oxidants at 21% O2. Both mitochondrial membrane potential and hydrogen peroxide production significantly decreased upon aconitase inhibition in heart and brain mitochondria. These results indicate that aconitase can exert control over respiration (with tissue specificity) and support the hypothesis that inactivation of aconitase may provide a control mechanism to prevent O2(●-) and H2O2 formation by the respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scandroglio
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
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De Sanctis F, Sandri S, Ferrarini G, Pagliarello I, Sartoris S, Ugel S, Marigo I, Molon B, Bronte V. The emerging immunological role of post-translational modifications by reactive nitrogen species in cancer microenvironment. Front Immunol 2014; 5:69. [PMID: 24605112 PMCID: PMC3932549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Under many inflammatory contexts, such as tumor progression, systemic and peripheral immune response is tailored by reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-dependent post-translational modifications, suggesting a biological function for these chemical alterations. RNS modify both soluble factors and receptors essential to induce and maintain a tumor-specific immune response, creating a “chemical barrier” that impairs effector T cell infiltration and functionality in tumor microenvironment and supports the escape phase of cancer. RNS generation during tumor growth mainly depends on nitric oxide production by both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells that constitutively activate essential metabolic pathways of l-arginine catabolism. This review provides an overview of the potential immunological and biological role of RNS-induced modifications and addresses new approaches targeting RNS either in search of novel biomarkers or to improve anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Sanctis
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Sara Sandri
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrarini
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Irene Pagliarello
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Silvia Sartoris
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Ilaria Marigo
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico , Padua , Italy
| | - Barbara Molon
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine , Padua , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
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Ullrich V, Schildknecht S. Sensing hypoxia by mitochondria: a unifying hypothesis involving S-nitrosation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:325-38. [PMID: 22793377 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Sudden hypoxia requires a rapid response in tissues with high energy demand. Mitochondria are rapid sensors for a lack of oxygen, but no consistent mechanism for the sensing process and the subsequent counter-regulation has been described. RECENT ADVANCES In the present hypothesis review, we suggest an oxygen-sensing mechanism by mitochondria that is initiated at low oxygen tension by electrons from the respiratory chain, leading to the reduction of intracellular nitrite to nitric oxide ((•)NO) that would subsequently compete with oxygen for binding to cytochrome c oxidase. This allows superoxide ((•)O2(-)) formation in hypoxic areas, leading to S-nitrosation and the inhibition of mitochondrial Krebs cycle enzymes. With more formation of (•)O2(-), peroxynitrite is generated and known to damage the connection between the mitochondrial matrix and the outer membrane. CRITICAL ISSUES A fundamental question on a regulatory mechanism is its reversibility. Readmission of oxygen and opening of the mitochondrial KATP-channel would allow electrons from glycerol-3-phosphate to selectively reduce the ubiquinone pool to generate (•)O2(-) at both sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane. On the cytosolic side, superoxide is dismutated and will support H2O2/Fe(2+)-dependent transcription processes and on the mitochondrial matrix side, it could lead to the one-electron reduction and reactivation of S-nitrosated proteins. FUTURE DIRECTIONS It remains to be elucidated up to which stage the herein proposed silencing of mitochondria remains reversible and when irreversible changes that ultimately lead to classical reperfusion injury are initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Ullrich
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz , Konstanz, Germany
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35
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Deeb RS, Nuriel T, Cheung C, Summers B, Lamon BD, Gross SS, Hajjar DP. Characterization of a cellular denitrase activity that reverses nitration of cyclooxygenase. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H687-98. [PMID: 23792683 PMCID: PMC3761327 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00876.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) formation is frequently regarded as a simple biomarker of disease, an irreversible posttranslational modification that can disrupt protein structure and function. Nevertheless, evidence that protein 3-NT modifications may be site selective and reversible, thus allowing for physiological regulation of protein activity, has begun to emerge. We have previously reported that cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 undergoes heme-dependent nitration of Tyr(385), an internal and catalytically essential residue. In the present study, we demonstrate that nitrated COX-1 undergoes a rapid reversal of nitration by substrate-selective and biologically regulated denitrase activity. Using nitrated COX-1 as a substrate, denitrase activity was validated and quantified by analytic HPLC with electrochemical detection and determined to be constitutively active in murine and human endothelial cells, macrophages, and a variety of tissue samples. Smooth muscle cells, however, contained little denitrase activity. Further characterizing this denitrase activity, we found that it was inhibited by free 3-NT and may be enhanced by endogenous nitric oxide and exogenously administered carbon monoxide. Finally, we describe a purification protocol that results in significant enrichment of a discrete denitrase-containing fraction, which maintains activity throughout the purification process. These findings reveal that nitrated COX-1 is a substrate for a denitrase in cells and tissues, implying that the reciprocal processes of nitration and denitration may modulate bioactive lipid synthesis in the setting of inflammation. In addition, our data reveal that denitration is a controlled process that may have broad importance for regulating cell signaling events in nitric oxide-generating systems during oxidative/nitrosative stress.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/physiology
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclooxygenase 1/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Humans
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Animal
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Nitrates/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Rats
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba S Deeb
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
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36
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England K, Cotter TG. Direct oxidative modifications of signalling proteins in mammalian cells and their effects on apoptosis. Redox Rep 2013; 10:237-45. [PMID: 16354412 DOI: 10.1179/135100005x70224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of ROS is an inevitable consequence of metabolism. However, high levels of ROS within a cell can be lethal and so the cell has a number of defences against oxidative cell stress. Occasionally the cell's antioxidant mechanisms fail and oxidative stress occurs. High levels of ROS within a cell have a number of direct and indirect consequences on cell signalling pathways and may result in apoptosis or necrosis. Although some of the indirect effects of ROS are well known, limitations in technology mean that the direct effects of the cell's redox environment upon proteins are less understood. Recent work by a number of groups has demonstrated that ROS can directly modify signalling proteins through different modifications, for example by nitrosylation, carbonylation, di-sulphide bond formation and glutathionylation. These modifications modulate a protein's activity and several recent papers have demonstrated their importance in cell signalling events, especially those involved in cell death/survival. Redox modification of proteins allows for further regulation of cell signalling pathways in response to the cellular environment. Understanding them may be critical for us to modulate cell pathways for our own means, such as in cytotoxic drug treatments of cancer cells. Protein modifications mediated by oxidative stress can modulate apoptosis, either through specific protein modifications resulting in regulation of signalling pathways, or through a general increase in oxidised proteins resulting in reduced cellular function. This review discusses direct oxidative protein modifications and their effects on apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K England
- Department of Biochemistry, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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37
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Díaz-Moreno I, García-Heredia JM, González-Arzola K, Díaz-Quintana A, De la Rosa MÁ. Recent Methodological Advances in the Analysis of Protein Tyrosine Nitration. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3095-102. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Varga G, Erces D, Tuboly E, Kaszaki J, Ghyczy M, Boros M. [Characterization of the antiinflammatory properties of methane inhalation during ischaemia-reperfusion]. Magy Seb 2013; 65:205-11. [PMID: 22940389 DOI: 10.1556/maseb.65.2012.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal methane generation has been demonstrated in various conditions, but it is not known whether it has any impact on the mammalian physiology or pathophysiology. Our aim was to characterize the effects of exogenous methane on the process of inflammatory events induced by reoxygenation in a canine model of ischemia-reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sodium pentobarbital-anesthetized inbred beagle dogs (n = 18) were randomly assigned to sham-operated or ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) groups. I/R was induced by occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 1 h, and the subsequent reperfusion was monitored for 3 h. For 5 min before reperfusion, the animals were mechanically ventilated with normoxic artificial air with or without 2.5% methane. The macrohemodynamics and small intestinal pCO2 gap changes were recorded and tissue superoxide and nitrotyrosine levels and myeloperoxidase activity changes were determined in intestinal biopsy samples. Structural mucosal damage was measured via light microscopy and HE staining. RESULTS Methane inhalation positively influenced the macrohemodynamic changes, significantly reduced the intestinal pCO2 gap changes and the magnitude of the tissue damage after reperfusion. Further, the intestinal myeloperoxidase activity, the superoxide and nitrotyrosine levels were reduced. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the anti-inflammatory profile of methane. The study provides evidence that exogenous methane modulates leukocyte activation and affects key events of I/R-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Varga
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Sebészeti Műtéttani Intézet 6720 Szeged Pécsi u. 6
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Zhan X, Wang X, Desiderio DM. Pituitary adenoma nitroproteomics: current status and perspectives. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:580710. [PMID: 23533694 PMCID: PMC3606787 DOI: 10.1155/2013/580710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is extensively associated with tumorigenesis. A series of studies on stable tyrosine nitration as a marker of oxidative damage were performed in human pituitary and adenoma. This paper reviews published research on the mass spectrometry characteristics of nitropeptides and nitroproteomics of pituitary controls and adenomas. The methodology used for nitroproteomics, the current status of human pituitary nitroproteomics studies, and the future perspectives are reviewed. Enrichment of those low-abundance endogenous nitroproteins from human tissues or body fluid samples is the first important step for nitroproteomics studies. Mass spectrometry is the essential approach to determine the amino acid sequence and locate the nitrotyrosine sites. Bioinformatics analyses, including protein domain and motif analyses, are needed to locate the nitrotyrosine site within the corresponding protein domains/motifs. Systems biology techniques, including pathway analysis, are necessary to discover signaling pathway networks involving nitroproteins from the systematically global point of view. Future quantitative nitroproteomics will discover pituitary adenoma-specific nitroprotein(s). Structural biology techniques such as X-ray crystallography analysis will solidly clarify the effects of tyrosine nitration on structure and functions of a protein. Those studies will eventually address the mechanisms and biological functions of tyrosine nitration in pituitary tumorigenesis and will discover nitroprotein biomarkers for pituitary adenomas and targets for drug design for pituitary adenoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianquan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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Wilkaniec A, Strosznajder JB, Adamczyk A. Toxicity of extracellular secreted alpha-synuclein: Its role in nitrosative stress and neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 2013; 62:776-83. [PMID: 23416621 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that both oligomerisation and accumulation of α-synuclein (ASN) are the key molecular processes involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other synucleinopathies. Alterations of ASN expression and impairment of its degradation can lead to the formation of intracellular deposits of this protein, called Lewy bodies. Overexpressed or misfolded ASN could be secreted to the extracellular space. Today the prion-like transmission of ASN oligomers to neighbouring cells is believed to be responsible for protein modification and propagation of neurodegeneration in the brain. It was presented that oxidative/nitrosative stress may play a key role in ASN secretion and spread of ASN pathology. Moreover, ASN-evoked protein oxidation, nitration and nitrosylation lead to disturbances in synaptic transmission and cell death. The interaction of secreted ASN with other amyloidogenic proteins and its involvement in irreversible mitochondrial disturbances and oxidative stress were also described. A better understanding of the mechanisms of ASN secretion and dysfunction may help to explain the molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration and may be the basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilkaniec
- Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Cellular Signaling, 5 Pawińskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Kosmala A, Janus Ł, Abramowski D, Floryszak-Wieczorek J. The proteome response of potato leaves to priming agents and S-nitrosoglutathione. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013. [PMID: 23199689 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The primed mobilization for more potent defense responses to subsequent stress has been shown for many plant species, but there is a growing need to identify reliable molecular markers for this unique phenomenon. In the present study a proteomic approach was used to screen similarities in protein abundance in leaves of primed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) treated with four well-known inducers of plant resistance, i.e. β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), Laminarin and 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA), respectively. Moreover, to gain insight into the importance of nitric oxide (NO) in primed protein accumulation the potato leaves were supplied by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), as an NO donor. The comparative analysis, using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, revealed that among 25 proteins accumulated specifically after BABA, GABA, INA and Laminarin treatments, 13 proteins were accumulated also in response to GSNO. Additionally, overlapping proteomic changes between BABA-primed and GSNO-treated leaves showed 5 protein spots absent in the proteome maps obtained in response to the other priming agents. The identified 18 proteins belonged, in most cases, to functional categories of primary metabolism. The selected proteins including three redox-regulated enzymes, i.e. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase, and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, were discussed in relation to the plant defence responses. Taken together, the overlapping effects in the protein profiles obtained between priming agents, GSNO and cPTIO treatments provide insight indicating that the primed potato exhibits unique changes in the primary metabolism, associated with selective protein modification via NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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Blume YB, Krasylenko YA, Demchuk OM, Yemets AI. Tubulin tyrosine nitration regulates microtubule organization in plant cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:530. [PMID: 24421781 PMCID: PMC3872735 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
During last years, selective tyrosine nitration of plant proteins gains importance as well-recognized pathway of direct nitric oxide (NO) signal transduction. Plant microtubules are one of the intracellular signaling targets for NO, however, the molecular mechanisms of NO signal transduction with the involvement of cytoskeletal proteins remain to be elucidated. Since biochemical evidence of plant α-tubulin tyrosine nitration has been obtained recently, potential role of this posttranslational modification in regulation of microtubules organization in plant cell is estimated in current paper. It was shown that 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NO2-Tyr) induced partially reversible Arabidopsis primary root growth inhibition, alterations of root hairs morphology and organization of microtubules in root cells. It was also revealed that 3-NO2-Tyr intensively decorates such highly dynamic microtubular arrays as preprophase bands, mitotic spindles and phragmoplasts of Nicotiana tabacum Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) cells under physiological conditions. Moreover, 3D models of the mitotic kinesin-8 complexes with the tail of detyrosinated, tyrosinated and tyrosine nitrated α-tubulin (on C-terminal Tyr 450 residue) from Arabidopsis were reconstructed in silico to investigate the potential influence of tubulin nitrotyrosination on the molecular dynamics of α-tubulin and kinesin-8 interaction. Generally, presented data suggest that plant α-tubulin tyrosine nitration can be considered as its common posttranslational modification, the direct mechanism of NO signal transduction with the participation of microtubules under physiological conditions and one of the hallmarks of the increased microtubule dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav B. Blume
- *Correspondence: Yaroslav B. Blume, Department of Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Osipovskogo str., 2, Kyiv 04123, Ukraine e-mail:
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Grdina DJ, Murley JS, Miller RC, Mauceri HJ, Sutton HG, Thirman MJ, Li JJ, Woloschak GE, Weichselbaum RR. A manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2)-mediated adaptive response. Radiat Res 2012; 179:115-24. [PMID: 23237540 DOI: 10.1667/rr3126.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Very low doses of ionizing radiation, 5 to 100 mGy, can induce adaptive responses characterized by elevation in cell survival and reduction in micronuclei formation. Utilizing these end points, RKO human colon carcinoma and transformed mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF), wild-type or knockout cells missing TNF receptors 1 and 2 (TNFR1(-)R2(-)), and C57BL/6 and TNFR1(-)R2(-) knockout mice, we demonstrate that intact TNF signaling is required for induction of elevated manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) activity (P < 0.001) and the subsequent expression of these SOD2-mediated adaptive responses when cells are challenged at a later time with 2 Gy. In contrast, amifostine's free thiol form WR1065 can directly activate NF-κB giving rise to elevated SOD2 activity 24 h later and induce an adaptive response in both MEF wild-type and TNF signaling defective TNFR1(-)R2(-) cells. Transfection of cells with SOD2 siRNA completely abolishes both the elevation in SOD2 activity and expression of the adaptive responses. These results were confirmed in vivo using a micronucleus assay in splenocytes derived from C57BL/6 and TNFR1(-)R2(-) knockout mice that were exposed to 100 mGy or 400 mg/kg amifostine 24 h prior to exposure to a 2 Gy whole-body dose. A dose of 100 mGy also conferred enhanced protection to C57BL/6 mice exposed 24 h later to 100 mg/kg of N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). While very low radiation doses require an intact TNF signaling process to induce a SOD2-mediated adaptive response, amifostine can induce a similar adaptive response in both TNF receptor competent and knockout cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Grdina
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Bachi A, Dalle-Donne I, Scaloni A. Redox Proteomics: Chemical Principles, Methodological Approaches and Biological/Biomedical Promises. Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300073p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bachi
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
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Mongin AA, Dohare P, Jourd'heuil D. Selective vulnerability of synaptic signaling and metabolism to nitrosative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:992-1012. [PMID: 22339371 PMCID: PMC3411350 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nitric oxide (NO) plays diverse physiological roles in the central nervous system, where it modulates neuronal communication, regulates blood flow, and contributes to the innate immune responses. In a number of brain pathologies, the excessive production of NO also leads to the formation of reactive and toxic intermediates generically termed reactive nitrogen species (RNS). RNS cause irreversible or poorly reversible damage to brain cells. RECENT ADVANCES Recent work in the field focused on the ability of NO and RNS to yield protein modifications, including the S-nitrosation of cysteine residues, which, in many instances, impact cellular functions and viability. CRITICAL ISSUES The vast majority of neuropathological studies focus on the loss of cell viability, but nitrosative stress may also strongly impair the functions of neuronal processes: axonal projections and dendritic trees. The functional integrity of axons and dendrites critically depends on local metabolism and effective delivery of metabolic enzymes and organelles. Here, we summarize the existing literature describing the effects of nitrosative stress on the major pathways of energetic metabolism: glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and mitochondrial respiration, with the emphasis on modifications of protein thiols. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We propose that axons and dendrites are highly vulnerable to nitrosative stress because of their low glycolytic capacity and high dependence on timely delivery of metabolic enzymes and organelles from the cell body. Thus, supplementation with the end products of glycolysis, pyruvate or lactate, may help preserve metabolism in distal neuronal processes and protect or restore synaptic function in the ailing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Mongin
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, New York 12208, USA.
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Nitric oxide-dependent CYP2B degradation is potentiated by a cytokine-regulated pathway and utilizes the immunoproteasome subunit LMP2. Biochem J 2012; 445:377-82. [PMID: 22612225 PMCID: PMC3557507 DOI: 10.1042/bj20120820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CYP2B proteins in rat hepatocytes undergo NO-dependent proteolytic degradation, but the mechanisms and the reasons for the specificity towards only certain P450 (cytochrome P450) enzymes are yet unknown. In the present study we found that down-regulation of CYP2B proteins by the NO donor NOC-18 is accelerated by pretreatment of the hepatocytes with IL-1 (interleukin-1β) in the presence of an NO synthase inhibitor, suggesting that an NO-independent action of IL-1 contributes to the lability of CYP2B proteins. The immunoproteasome subunit LMP2 (large multifunctional peptidase 2) was significantly expressed in hepatocytes under basal conditions, and IL-1 induced LMP2 within 6-12 h of treatment. CYP2B protein degradation in response to IL-1 was attenuated by the selective LMP2 inhibitor UK-101, but not by the LMP7 inhibitor IPSI. The results show that LMP2 contributes to the NO-dependent degradation of CYP2B proteins, and suggest that induction of LMP2 may be involved in the potentiation of this degradation by IL-1.
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Ly HK, Utesch T, Díaz-Moreno I, García-Heredia JM, De La Rosa MÁ, Hildebrandt P. Perturbation of the Redox Site Structure of Cytochrome c Variants upon Tyrosine Nitration. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:5694-702. [DOI: 10.1021/jp302301m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Khoa Ly
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. PC14, Straße
des 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tillmann Utesch
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. PC14, Straße
des 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Bioquímica
Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevialla-CSIC, Avda Americo Vespucio 49, Sevilla
41092, Spain
| | - José M. García-Heredia
- Instituto de Bioquímica
Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevialla-CSIC, Avda Americo Vespucio 49, Sevilla
41092, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel De La Rosa
- Instituto de Bioquímica
Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevialla-CSIC, Avda Americo Vespucio 49, Sevilla
41092, Spain
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. PC14, Straße
des 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastrointestinal methane generation has been demonstrated in various stress conditions, but it is not known whether nonasphyxiating amounts have any impact on the mammalian pathophysiology. We set out to characterize the effects of exogenous methane administration on the process of inflammatory events arising after reoxygenation in a large animal model of ischemia-reperfusion. DESIGN A randomized, controlled in vivo animal study. SETTING A university research laboratory. SUBJECTS Inbred beagle dogs (12.7 6 2 kg). INTERVENTIONS Sodium pentobarbital-anesthetized animals were randomly assigned to sham-operated or ischemia-reperfusion groups, where superior mesenteric artery occlusion was maintained for 1 hr and the subsequent reperfusion was monitored for 3 hrs. For 5 mins before reperfusion, the animals were mechanically ventilated with normoxic artificial air with or without 2.5% methane. Biological responses to methane-oxygen respirations were defined in pilot rat studies and assay systems were used with xanthine oxidase and activated canine granulocytes to test the in vitro bioactivity potential of different gas concentrations. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The macrohemodynamics and small intestinal pCO(2) gap changes were recorded and peripheral blood samples were taken for plasma nitrite/nitrate and myeloperoxidase analyses. Tissue superoxide and nitrotyrosine levels and myeloperoxidase activity changes were determined in intestinal biopsy samples; structural mucosal damage was measured by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Methane inhalation did not influence the macrohemodynamics but significantly reduced the magnitude of the tissue damage and the intestinal pCO(2) gap changes after reperfusion. Furthermore, the plasma and mucosal myeloperoxidase activity and the intestinal superoxide and nitrotyrosine levels were reduced, whereas the plasma nitrite/nitrate concentrations were increased. Additionally, methane effectively and specifically inhibited leukocyte activation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the anti-inflammatory profile of methane. The study provides evidence that exogenous methane modulates leukocyte activation and affects key events of ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress and is therefore of potential therapeutic interest in inflammatory pathologies.
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Díaz-Moreno I, Nieto PM, Del Conte R, Gairí M, García-Heredia JM, De la Rosa MA, Díaz-Quintana A. A Non-damaging Method to Analyze the Configuration and Dynamics of Nitrotyrosines in Proteins. Chemistry 2012; 18:3872-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Aguilar-Melero P, Ferrín G, Muntané J. Effects of nitric oxide synthase-3 overexpression on post-translational modifications and cell survival in HepG2 cells. J Proteomics 2011; 75:740-55. [PMID: 21968428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocarcinoma is the fifth most common neoplasm and the third cause of cancer-related death. The development of genetic- and/or molecular-based therapies is urgently required. The administration of high doses of nitric oxide (NO) promotes cell death in hepatocytes. NO contributes to cell signaling by inducing oxidative/nitrosative-dependent post-translational modifications. The aim of the present study was to investigate protein modifications and its relation with alteration of cell proliferation and death in hepatoma cells. Increased intracellular NO production was achieved by stable nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS-3) overexpression in HepG2 cells. We assessed the pattern of nitration, nitrosylation and carbonylation of proteins by proteomic analysis. The results showed that NOS-3 cell overexpression increased oxidative stress, which affected proteins mainly involved in cell protein folding. Carbonylation also altered metabolism, as well as immune and antioxidant responses. The interaction of nitrosative and oxidative stress generated tyrosine nitration, which affected the tumor marker Serpin B3, ATP synthesis and cytoskeleton. All these effects were associated with a decrease in chaperone activity, a reduction in cell proliferation and an increased cell death. Our study showed that alteration of nitration, nitrosylation and carbonylation pattern of proteins by NO-dependent oxidative/nitrosative stress was related to a reduction of cell survival in a hepatoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aguilar-Melero
- Liver Research Unit, IMIBIC (Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba), Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
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