1
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Min Soe K, Ogawa T, Moriyama K. Molecular mechanism of hyperactive tooth root formation in oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:946282. [PMID: 35957990 PMCID: PMC9359619 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.946282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) interacting corepressor (BCOR) cause oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome, a rare X-linked dominant condition that includes dental radiculomegaly among other characteristics. BCOR regulates downstream genes via BCL6 as a transcriptional corepressor. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the occurrence of radiculomegaly is still unknown. Thus, this study was aimed at identifying BCOR-regulated genetic pathways in radiculomegaly. The microarray profile of affected tissues revealed that the gene-specific transcriptional factors group, wherein nucleus factor 1B, distal-less homeobox 5, and zinc finger protein multitype 2 (ZFPM2) were the most upregulated, was significantly expressed in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells of the diseased patient with a frameshift mutation (c.3668delC) in BCOR. Wild-type BCOR overexpression in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts cells significantly hampered cellular proliferation and ZFPM2 mRNA downregulation. Promoter binding assays showed that wild-type BCOR was recruited in the BCL6 binding of the ZFPM2 promoter region after immunoprecipitation, while mutant BCOR, which was the same genotype as of our patient, failed to recruit these promoter regions. Knockdown of ZFPM2 expression in mutant PDL cells significantly reduced cellular proliferation as well as mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase, an important marker of odontoblasts and cementoblasts. Collectively, our findings suggest that BCOR mutation-induced ZFPM2 regulation via BCL6 possibly contributes to hyperactive root formation in OFCD syndrome. Clinical data from patients with rare genetic diseases may aid in furthering the understanding of the mechanism controlling the final root length.
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2
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Lim TB, Foo SYR, Chen CK. The Role of Epigenetics in Congenital Heart Disease. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030390. [PMID: 33803261 PMCID: PMC7998561 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect among newborns worldwide and contributes to significant infant morbidity and mortality. Owing to major advances in medical and surgical management, as well as improved prenatal diagnosis, the outcomes for these children with CHD have improved tremendously so much so that there are now more adults living with CHD than children. Advances in genomic technologies have discovered the genetic causes of a significant fraction of CHD, while at the same time pointing to remarkable complexity in CHD genetics. For this reason, the complex process of cardiogenesis, which is governed by multiple interlinked and dose-dependent pathways, is a well investigated process. In addition to the sequence of the genome, the contribution of epigenetics to cardiogenesis is increasingly recognized. Significant progress has been made dissecting the epigenome of the heart and identified associations with cardiovascular diseases. The role of epigenetic regulation in cardiac development/cardiogenesis, using tissue and animal models, has been well reviewed. Here, we curate the current literature based on studies in humans, which have revealed associated and/or causative epigenetic factors implicated in CHD. We sought to summarize the current knowledge on the functional role of epigenetics in cardiogenesis as well as in distinct CHDs, with an aim to provide scientists and clinicians an overview of the abnormal cardiogenic pathways affected by epigenetic mechanisms, for a better understanding of their impact on the developing fetal heart, particularly for readers interested in CHD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingsen Benson Lim
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Sik Yin Roger Foo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Ching Kit Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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3
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Sari N, Katanasaka Y, Honda H, Miyazaki Y, Sunagawa Y, Funamoto M, Shimizu K, Shimizu S, Wada H, Hasegawa K, Morimoto T. Cacao Bean Polyphenols Inhibit Cardiac Hypertrophy and Systolic Dysfunction in Pressure Overload-induced Heart Failure Model Mice. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:1304-1312. [PMID: 32645737 DOI: 10.1055/a-1191-7970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pathological stresses such as pressure overload and myocardial infarction induce cardiac hypertrophy, which increases the risk of heart failure. Cacao bean polyphenols have recently gained considerable attention for their beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the effect of cacao bean polyphenols on the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats were pre-treated with cacao bean polyphenols and then stimulated with 30 µM phenylephrine. C57BL/6j male mice were subjected to sham or transverse aortic constriction surgery and then orally administered with vehicle or cacao bean polyphenols. Cardiac hypertrophy and function were examined by echocardiography. In cardiomyocytes, cacao bean polyphenols significantly suppressed phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and hypertrophic gene transcription. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and GATA binding protein 4 phosphorylation induced by phenylephrine was inhibited by cacao bean polyphenols treatment in the cardiomyocytes. Cacao bean polyphenols treatment at 1200 mg/kg significantly ameliorated left ventricular posterior wall thickness, fractional shortening, hypertrophic gene transcription, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation induced by pressure overload. In conclusion, these findings suggest that cacao bean polyphenols prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction by inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-GATA binding protein 4 pathway in cardiomyocytes. Thus, cacao bean polyphenols may be useful for heart failure therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurmila Sari
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Katanasaka
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Honda
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyazaki
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sunagawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Funamoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kana Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wada
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morimoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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4
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Zhao Z, Zhan Y, Chen W, Ma X, Sheng W, Huang G. Functional analysis of rare variants of GATA4 identified in Chinese patients with congenital heart defect. Genesis 2019; 57:e23333. [PMID: 31513339 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defect (CHD) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, affecting approximately 0.8% of live births. The transcription factor GATA4 has been known to play a key role in cardiac development. In this study, we performed whole exome sequencing in nine unrelated CHD patients and found two rare deleterious missense variants in the GATA4 gene (c.C487T,p.P163S and c.C1223A,p.P408Q) (ExAC <0.001 and CADD >15) in three cases that were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Subsequently, these two variants were screened for in an additional 226 patients with CHD and 206 healthy controls by Sanger sequencing, and no variants were observed. These two variants were predicted to be damaging to protein function using a functional prediction program. Co-IP indicated that both of the GATA4 variants (P163S and P408Q) blocked heterodimer formation between GATA4 and ZFPM2 protein. Immunofluorescence showed that the two GATA4 variants diminished the colocalization formation between GATA4 and ZFPM2 protein compared to that of WT protein. These findings indicate that the two rare variants of GATA4 might disturb its interaction with ZFPM2 and influence corresponding downstream gene activity, suggesting that the GATA4 variants may be associated with the pathogenesis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshan Zhao
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongkun Zhan
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weicheng Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
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5
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He JG, Li HR, Han JX, Li BB, Yan D, Li HY, Wang P, Luo Y. GATA-4-expressing mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction via secreted exosomes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9047. [PMID: 29899566 PMCID: PMC5998064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether exosomes secreted by mouse GATA-4-expressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) could induce BMSC differentiation into myocyte precursors, decrease cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and improve cardiac function following myocardial infarction (MI). BMSCs were transduced with a lentivirus carrying a doxycycline (DOX)-inducible GATA-4 or control lentivirus, and secreted exosomes from these BMSCs were collected and co-cultured with BMSCs or cardiomyocytes under hypoxic and serum free conditions. Furthermore, exosomes were injected into mice 48 h after MI. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography at 48, 72, and 96 h after exosome treatment. Quantitative PCR showed that co-culture of BMSCs with GATA-4-BMSC exosomes increased cardiomyocyte-related marker expression. Co-culture of GATA-4-BMSC exosomes with cardiomyocytes in anoxic conditions decreased apoptosis as detected by flow cytometry. Injection of GATA-4-BMSC exosomes in mice 48 h after MI increased cardiac function over the next 96 h; increased cardiac blood vessel density and number of c-kit-positive cells and decreased apoptotic cardiomyocyte cells were also observed. Differential expression of candidate differentiation- and apoptosis-related miRNAs and proteins that may mediate these effects was also identified. Exosomes isolated from GATA-4-expressing BMSCs induce differentiation of BMSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells, decrease anoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and improve myocardial function after infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Gang He
- grid.414918.1Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032 China
| | - Hong-Rong Li
- grid.414918.1Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032 China
| | - Jin-Xiu Han
- grid.414918.1Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032 China
| | - Bei-Bei Li
- grid.414918.1Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032 China
| | - Dan Yan
- grid.414918.1Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032 China
| | - Hong-Yuan Li
- grid.414918.1Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650032, China.
| | - Ying Luo
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, NO.68, Wenchang Road, 121 Street, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650032, China.
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6
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Katanasaka Y, Suzuki H, Sunagawa Y, Hasegawa K, Morimoto T. Regulation of Cardiac Transcription Factor GATA4 by Post-Translational Modification in Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Int Heart J 2016; 57:672-675. [PMID: 27818483 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.16-404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality in industrialized countries. During development and deterioration of heart failure, cardiomyocytes undergo maladaptive hypertrophy, and changes in the cellular phenotype are accompanied by reinduction of the fetal gene program. Gene expression in cardiomyocytes is regulated by various nuclear transcription factors, co-activators, and co-repressors. The zinc finger protein GATA4 is one such transcription factor involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In response to hypertrophic stimuli such as those involving the sympathetic nervous and renin-angiotensin systems, changes in protein interaction and/or post-translational modifications of GATA4 cause hypertrophic gene transcription in cardiomyocytes. In this article, we focus on cardiac nuclear signaling molecules, especially GATA4, that are promising as potential targets for heart failure therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Katanasaka
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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7
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Sheng W, Chen L, Wang H, Ma X, Ma D, Huang G. CpG island shore methylation of ZFPM2 is identified in tetralogy of fallot samples. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:151-8. [PMID: 26959486 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ZFPM2 gene plays an important role in heart morphogenesis and development of coronary vessels from epicardium, however, little is known regarding its epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis of tetralogy of fallot (TOF). METHODS The methylation levels of ZFPM2 gene were measured by MassArray (Sequenom, San Diego, CA) and bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (BSP). Real-time PCR was performed to analyze the mRNA levels for ZFPM2 gene in the myocardium of TOF. RESULTS The methylation levels in the CpG island shore of ZFPM2 promoter were significantly higher in patients with TOF, with a median of 80.32% (interquartile range (IQR): 73.54-85.75%, N = 42), as compared to 59.63% in controls (IQR: 44.79-73.83%; P = 0.0186, N = 6). No significant difference was observed in the methylation status at the CpG island of ZFPM2 promoter. The ZFPM2 mRNA levels were significantly lower in patients with TOF compared to that in the controls (P < 0.05). The aberrant methylation values of ZFPM2 were negatively associated with significant changes in its mRNA level (r = -0.40, P = 0.008, N = 42). CONCLUSION Aberrant methylation status at the promoter CpG island shore of ZFPM2 gene may be associated with its gene transcription regulation in the TOF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sheng
- Children Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Prevention and Intervention of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Children Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Prevention and Intervention of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Children Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Prevention and Intervention of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Prevention and Intervention of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Children Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Prevention and Intervention of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
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8
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Suzuki H, Katanasaka Y, Sunagawa Y, Miyazaki Y, Funamoto M, Wada H, Hasegawa K, Morimoto T. Tyrosine phosphorylation of RACK1 triggers cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by regulating the interaction between p300 and GATA4. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1544-57. [PMID: 27208796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The zinc finger protein GATA4 is a transcription factor involved in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. It forms a functional complex with the intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT) p300. The HAT activity of p300 is required for the acetylation and transcriptional activity of GATA4, as well as for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the development of heart failure. In the present study, we have identified Receptor for Activated Protein Kinase C1 (RACK1) as a novel GATA4-binding protein using tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry analyses. We found that exogenous RACK1 repressed phenylephrine (PE)-induced hypertrophic responses, such as myofibrillar organization, increased cell size, and hypertrophy-associated gene transcription, in cultured cardiomyocytes. RACK1 physically interacted with GATA4 and the overexpression of RACK1 reduced PE-induced formation of the p300/GATA4 complex and the acetylation and DNA binding activity of GATA4. In response to hypertrophic stimulation in cultured cardiomyocytes and in the hearts of hypertensive heart disease model rats, the tyrosine phosphorylation of RACK1 was increased, and the binding between GATA4 and RACK1 was reduced. In addition, the tyrosine phosphorylation of RACK1 was required for the disruption of the RACK1/GATA4 complex and for the formation of the p300/GATA4 complex. These findings demonstrate that RACK1 is involved in p300/GATA4-dependent hypertrophic responses in cardiomyocytes and is a promising therapeutic target for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Katanasaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan; Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sunagawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan; Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyazaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Funamoto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wada
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan; Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
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9
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GATA-dependent transcriptional and epigenetic control of cardiac lineage specification and differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3871-81. [PMID: 26126786 PMCID: PMC4575685 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heart progenitor cells differentiate into various cell types including pacemaker and working cardiomyocytes. Cell-type specific gene expression is achieved by combinatorial interactions between tissue-specific transcription factors (TFs), co-factors, and chromatin remodelers and DNA binding elements in regulatory regions. Dysfunction of these transcriptional networks may result in congenital heart defects. Functional analysis of the regulatory DNA sequences has contributed substantially to the identification of the transcriptional network components and combinatorial interactions regulating the tissue-specific gene programs. GATA TFs have been identified as central players in these networks. In particular, GATA binding elements have emerged as a platform to recruit broadly active histone modification enzymes and cell-type-specific co-factors to drive cell-type-specific gene programs. Here, we discuss the role of GATA factors in cell fate decisions and differentiation in the developing heart.
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10
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Carter DR, Buckle AD, Tanaka K, Perdomo J, Chong BH. Art27 interacts with GATA4, FOG2 and NKX2.5 and is a novel co-repressor of cardiac genes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95253. [PMID: 24743694 PMCID: PMC3990687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors play a crucial role in regulation of cardiac biology. FOG-2 is indispensable in this setting, predominantly functioning through a physical interaction with GATA-4. This study aimed to identify novel co-regulators of FOG-2 to further elaborate on its inhibitory activity on GATA-4. The Art27 transcription factor was identified by a yeast-2-hybrid library screen to be a novel FOG-2 protein partner. Characterisation revealed that Art27 is co-expressed with FOG-2 and GATA-4 throughout cardiac myocyte differentiation and in multiple structures of the adult heart. Art27 physically interacts with GATA-4, FOG-2 and other cardiac transcription factors and by this means, down-regulates their activity on cardiac specific promoters α-myosin heavy chain, atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide. Regulation of endogenous cardiac genes by Art27 was shown using microarray analysis of P19CL6-Mlc2v-GFP cardiomyocytes. Together these results suggest that Art27 is a novel transcription factor that is involved in downregulation of cardiac specific genes by physically interacting and inhibiting the activity of crucial transcriptions factors involved in cardiac biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Carter
- Centre for Vascular Research, Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Buckle
- Centre for Vascular Research, Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kumiko Tanaka
- Centre for Vascular Research, Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jose Perdomo
- Centre for Vascular Research, Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Beng H. Chong
- Centre for Vascular Research, Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Haematology Department, St George and Sutherland Hospitals, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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SUMOylation regulates the transcriptional repression activity of FOG-2 and its association with GATA-4. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50637. [PMID: 23226341 PMCID: PMC3511347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Friend of GATA 2 (FOG-2), a co-factor of several GATA transcription factors (GATA-4, -5 and 6), is a critical regulator of coronary vessel formation and heart morphogenesis. Here we demonstrate that FOG-2 is SUMOylated and that this modification modulates its transcriptional activity. FOG-2 SUMOylation occurs at four lysine residues (K312, 471, 915, 955). Three of these residues are part of the characteristic SUMO consensus site (ψKXE), while K955 is found in the less frequent TKXE motif. Absence of SUMOylation did not affect FOG-2′s nuclear localization. However, mutation of the FOG-2 SUMOylation sites, or de-SUMOylation, with SENP-1 or SENP-8 resulted in stronger transcriptional repression activity in both heterologous cells and cardiomyocytes. Conversely, increased FOG-2 SUMOylation by overexpression of SUMO-1 or expression of a SUMO-1-FOG-2 fusion protein rendered FOG-2 incapable of repressing GATA-4-mediated activation of the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) promoter. Moreover, we demonstrate both increased interaction between a FOG-2 SUMO mutant and GATA-4 and enhanced SUMOylation of wild-type FOG-2 by co-expression of GATA-4. These data suggest a new dynamics in which GATA-4 may alter the activity of FOG-2 by influencing its SUMOylation status.
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12
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Taubenschmid J, Weitzer G. Mechanisms of cardiogenesis in cardiovascular progenitor cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 293:195-267. [PMID: 22251563 PMCID: PMC7615846 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394304-0.00012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-renewing cells of the vertebrate heart have become a major subject of interest in the past decade. However, many researchers had a hard time to argue against the orthodox textbook view that defines the heart as a postmitotic organ. Once the scientific community agreed on the existence of self-renewing cells in the vertebrate heart, their origin was again put on trial when transdifferentiation, dedifferentiation, and reprogramming could no longer be excluded as potential sources of self-renewal in the adult organ. Additionally, the presence of self-renewing pluripotent cells in the peripheral blood challenges the concept of tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells. Leaving these unsolved problems aside, it seems very desirable to learn about the basic biology of this unique cell type. Thus, we shall here paint a picture of cardiovascular progenitor cells including the current knowledge about their origin, basic nature, and the molecular mechanisms guiding proliferation and differentiation into somatic cells of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Taubenschmid
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Sunagawa Y, Morimoto T, Wada H, Takaya T, Katanasaka Y, Kawamura T, Yanagi S, Marui A, Sakata R, Shimatsu A, Kimura T, Kakeya H, Fujita M, Hasegawa K. A natural p300-specific histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, curcumin, in addition to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, exerts beneficial effects on left ventricular systolic function after myocardial infarction in rats. Circ J 2011; 75:2151-9. [PMID: 21737953 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-10-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A natural p300-specific histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor, curcumin, may have therapeutic potential for heart failure. However, it is unclear whether curcumin exhibits beneficial additive or synergistic effects on conventional therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were subjected to a sham operation or left coronary artery ligation. One week later, 34 rats with a moderate sized myocardial infarction (MI) were randomly assigned to 4 groups: solvents as control (n = 8), enalapril (an ACEI, 10 mg·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹) alone (n=8), curcumin (50 mg·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹) alone (n = 9) and enalapril plus curcumin (n = 9). Daily oral treatment was repeated and continued for 6 weeks. Echocardiographic data were similar among the 4 groups before treatment. After treatment, left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening (FS) was significantly higher in the enalapril (29.0 ± 1.9%) and curcumin (30.8 ± 1.7%) groups than in the vehicle group (19.7 ± 1.6%). Notably, LVFS further increased in the enalapril/curcumin combination group (34.4 ± 1.8%). Histologically, cardiomyocyte diameter in the non-infarct area was smaller in the enalapril/curcumin combination group than in the enalapril group. Perivascular fibrosis was significantly reduced in the enalapril/curcumin group compared with the curcumin group. CONCLUSIONS A natural non-toxic dietary compound, curcumin, combined with an ACEI exerts beneficial effects on post-MI LV systolic function in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Sunagawa
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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14
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Barry SP, Townsend PA. What causes a broken heart--molecular insights into heart failure. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 284:113-79. [PMID: 20875630 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(10)84003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the molecular processes which regulate cardiac function has grown immeasurably in recent years. Even with the advent of β-blockers, angiotensin inhibitors and calcium modulating agents, heart failure (HF) still remains a seriously debilitating and life-threatening condition. Here, we review the molecular changes which occur in the heart in response to increased load and the pathways which control cardiac hypertrophy, calcium homeostasis, and immune activation during HF. These can occur as a result of genetic mutation in the case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or as a result of ischemic or hypertensive heart disease. In the majority of cases, calcineurin and CaMK respond to dysregulated calcium signaling and adrenergic drive is increased, each of which has a role to play in controlling blood pressure, heart rate, and left ventricular function. Many major pathways for pathological remodeling converge on a set of transcriptional regulators such as myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFAT), and GATA4 and these are opposed by the action of the natriuretic peptides ANP and BNP. Epigenetic modification has emerged in recent years as a major influence cardiac physiology and histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are now known to both induce and antagonize hypertrophic growth. The newly emerging roles of microRNAs in regulating left ventricular dysfunction and fibrosis also has great potential for novel therapeutic intervention. Finally, we discuss the role of the immune system in mediating left ventricular dysfunction and fibrosis and ways this can be targeted in the setting of viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán P Barry
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
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15
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Kaichi S, Takaya T, Morimoto T, Sunagawa Y, Kawamura T, Ono K, Shimatsu A, Baba S, Heike T, Nakahata T, Hasegawa K. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 forms a complex with GATA4 and is involved in the differentiation of mouse ES cells into cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2010; 226:248-54. [PMID: 20665673 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of ES cells with trichostatin A (TSA), an HDAC inhibitor, induces the acetylation of GATA4 as well as histones, and facilitates their differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Recently, we demonstrated that cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (Cdk9), a core component of positive elongation factor-b, is a novel GATA4-binding partner. The present study examined whether Cdk9 forms a complex with GATA4 in mouse ES cells and is involved in their differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Mouse ES cells and Nkx2.5/GFP ES cells, in which green fluorescent protein (GFP) is expressed under the control of the cardiac-specific Nkx2.5 promoter, were induced to differentiate on feeder-free gelatin-coated plates. Immunoprecipitation/Western blotting in nuclear extracts from mouse ES cells demonstrated that Cdk9 as well as cyclin T1 interact with GATA4 during myocardial differentiation. TSA treatment increased Nkx2.5/GFP-positive cells and endogenous mRNA levels of Nkx2.5 and atrial natriuretic factor. To determine the role of Cdk9 in myocardial cell differentiation, we examined the effects of a dominant-negative form of Cdk9 (DN-Cdk9), which loses its kinase activity, and a Cdk9 kinase inhibitor, 5,6-dichloro-1-β-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole (DRB) on TSA-induced myocardial cell differentiation. The introduction of the DN-Cdk9 inhibited TSA-induced increase in GFP expression in Nkx2.5/GFP ES cells. The administration of DRB into ES cells significantly inhibited TSA-induced increase of endogenous Nkx2.5 mRNA levels in ES cells as well as GFP expression in Nkx2.5/GFP ES cells. These findings demonstrate that Cdk9 is involved in the differentiation of mouse ES cells into cardiomyocytes by interacting with GATA4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kaichi
- Division of Translational Research, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Mwinyi J, Hofmann Y, Pedersen RS, Nekvindová J, Cavaco I, Mkrtchian S, Ingelman-Sundberg M. The transcription factor GATA-4 regulates cytochrome P4502C19 gene expression. Life Sci 2010; 86:699-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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Sunagawa Y, Morimoto T, Takaya T, Kaichi S, Wada H, Kawamura T, Fujita M, Shimatsu A, Kita T, Hasegawa K. Cyclin-dependent kinase-9 is a component of the p300/GATA4 complex required for phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:9556-9568. [PMID: 20081228 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.070458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A zinc finger protein GATA4 is one of the hypertrophy-responsive transcription factors and forms a complex with an intrinsic histone acetyltransferase, p300. Disruption of this complex results in the inhibition of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and heart failure in vivo. By tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometric analyses, we identified cyclin-dependent kinase-9 (Cdk9) as a novel GATA4-binding partner. Cdk9 also formed a complex with p300 as well as GATA4 and cyclin T1. We showed that p300 was required for the interaction of GATA4 with Cdk9 and for the kinase activity of Cdk9. Conversely, Cdk9 kinase activity was required for the p300-induced transcriptional activities, DNA binding, and acetylation of GATA4. Furthermore, the kinase activity of Cdk9 was required for the phosphorylation of p300 as well as for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These findings demonstrate that Cdk9 forms a functional complex with the p300/GATA4 and is required for p300/GATA4- transcriptional pathway during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Sunagawa
- Division of Translational Research, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555
| | - Tatsuya Morimoto
- Division of Translational Research, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555.
| | - Tomohide Takaya
- Division of Translational Research, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, 54 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Kaichi
- Division of Translational Research, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555; Department of Pediatrics, 54 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wada
- Division of Translational Research, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555
| | - Teruhisa Kawamura
- Division of Translational Research, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555
| | - Masatoshi Fujita
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Shimatsu
- Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555
| | - Toru Kita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, 54 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Translational Research, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555
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18
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Yoshida Y, Morimoto T, Takaya T, Kawamura T, Sunagawa Y, Wada H, Fujita M, Shimatsu A, Kita T, Hasegawa K. Aldosterone Signaling Associates With p300/GATA4 Transcriptional Pathway During the Hypertrophic Response of Cardiomyocytes. Circ J 2010; 74:156-62. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-09-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Tatsuya Morimoto
- Division of Translational Research, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Tomohide Takaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
- Division of Translational Research, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization
| | - Teruhisa Kawamura
- Division of Translational Research, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization
| | - Yoichi Sunagawa
- Division of Translational Research, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization
| | - Hiromichi Wada
- Division of Translational Research, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization
| | - Masatoshi Fujita
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Akira Shimatsu
- Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization
| | - Toru Kita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Translational Research, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization
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19
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Pautz A, Rauschkolb P, Schmidt N, Art J, Oelze M, Wenzel P, Förstermann U, Daiber A, Kleinert H. Effects of nitroglycerin or pentaerithrityl tetranitrate treatment on the gene expression in rat hearts: evidence for cardiotoxic and cardioprotective effects. Physiol Genomics 2009; 38:176-85. [PMID: 19417013 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00035.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroglycerin (NTG) and pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN) are organic nitrates used in the treatment of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure. Recent data show marked differences in the effects of NTG and PETN on the generation of reactive oxygen species. These differences are attributed to different effects of NTG and PETN on the expression of antioxidative proteins like the heme oxygenase-I. To analyze the expressional effects of NTG and PETN in a more comprehensive manner we performed whole genome expression profiling experiments using cardiac total RNA from NTG- or PETN-treated rats and DNA microarrays containing oligonucleotides representing 27,044 rat gene transcripts. The data obtained show that NTG and PETN together significantly modify the expression of >1,600 genes (NTG 532, PETN 1212). However, the expression of only a small group of these genes (68) was modified by both treatments, indicating marked differences in the expressional effects of NTG and PETN. NTG treatment resulted in the enhanced expression of genes that are believed to be markers for cardiotoxic processes. In addition, NTG treatment reduced the expression of genes described to code for cardioprotective proteins. In sharp contrast, PETN treatment enhanced the expression of cardioprotective genes and reduced the expression of genes believed to perform cardiotoxic effects. In conclusion, our data suggest that NTG treatment results in the induction of cardiotoxic gene expression networks leading to an activation of mechanisms that result in pathological changes in cardiomyocytes. In contrast, PETN treatment seems to activate gene expression networks that result in cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Cardiac contractility modulation electrical signals normalize activity, expression, and phosphorylation of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in heart failure. J Card Fail 2008; 15:48-56. [PMID: 19181294 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2008.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression and phosphorylation of the cardiac Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger-1 (NCX-1) are up-regulated in heart failure (HF). We examined the effects of chronic cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) therapy on the expression and phosphorylation of NCX-1 and its regulators GATA-4 and FOG-2 in HF dogs. METHODS AND RESULTS Studies were performed in LV tissue from 7 CCM-treated HF dogs, 7 untreated HF dogs, and 6 normal (NL) dogs. mRNA expression of NCX-1, GATA-4, and FOG-2 was measured using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and protein level was determined by Western blotting. Phosphorylated NCX-1 (P-NCX) was determined using a phosphoprotein enrichment kit. Compared with NL dogs, NCX-1 mRNA and protein expression and GATA-4 mRNA and protein expression increased in untreated HF dogs, whereas FOG-2 expression decreased. Compared with NL dogs, the level of P-NCX-1 normalized to total NCX-1 increased in untreated HF dogs (0.80+/-0.10 vs 0.37+/-0.04; P < .05). CCM therapy normalized NCX-1 expression, GATA-4, and FOG-2 expression, and the ratio of P-NCX-1 to total NCX-1 (0.62+/-0.10). CONCLUSION Chronic monotherapy with CCM restores expression and phosphorylation of NCX-1. These findings are consistent with previous observations of improved LV function and normalized sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling in the left ventricles of HF dogs treated with CCM therapy.
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21
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Rouf R, Greytak S, Wooten EC, Wu J, Boltax J, Picard M, Svensson EC, Dillmann WH, Patten RD, Huggins GS. Increased FOG-2 in failing myocardium disrupts thyroid hormone-dependent SERCA2 gene transcription. Circ Res 2008; 103:493-501. [PMID: 18658259 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.181487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reduced expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA)2 and other genes in the adult cardiac gene program has raised consideration of an impaired responsiveness to thyroid hormone (T3) that develops in the advanced failing heart. Here, we show that human and murine cardiomyopathy hearts have increased expression of friend of GATA (FOG)-2, a cardiac nuclear hormone receptor corepressor protein. Cardiac-specific overexpression of FOG-2 in transgenic mice led to depressed cardiac function, activation of the fetal gene program, congestive heart failure, and early death. SERCA2 transcript and protein levels were reduced in FOG-2 transgenic hearts, and FOG-2 overexpression impaired T3-mediated SERCA2 expression in cultured cardiomyocytes. FOG-2 physically interacts with thyroid hormone receptor-alpha1 and abrogated even high levels of T3-mediated SERCA2 promoter activity. These results demonstrate that SERCA2 is an important target of FOG-2 and that increased FOG-2 expression may contribute to a decline in cardiac function in end-stage heart failure by impaired T3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Rouf
- MCRI Center for Translational Genomics, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts University School of Medicine, 750 Washington St, Box 8486, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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22
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Zheng B, Han M, Wen JK. Human heart LIM protein has transcription activation ability related to LIM domain 1. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2008; 73:353-7. [PMID: 18393774 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297908030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human heart LIM (hhLIM), a muscle-specific expressed transcriptional coactivator of cardiac hypertrophy related gene, stimulates transcriptional activation of the ANF gene promoter in H9C2 cells. We revealed that the N-terminal half of hhLIM mediated this activation, in which the LIM domain 1 and protein kinase C phosphorylation site are important, especially the LIM domain 1. Further, mutagenesis of the conserved Cys in the LIM domain 1 abolished its ability to activate cardiac hypertrophy. These findings suggest that hhLIM is a typical LIM family member with powerful transcription activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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23
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Catusse J, Spinks J, Mattick C, Dyer A, Laing K, Fitzsimons C, Smit MJ, Gompels UA. Immunomodulation by herpesvirus U51A chemokine receptor via CCL5 and FOG-2 down-regulation plus XCR1 and CCR7 mimicry in human leukocytes. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:763-77. [PMID: 18286574 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus-6A (HHV-6A) betachemokine-receptor U51A binds inflammatory modulators CCL2, CCL5, CCL11, CCL7, and CCL13. This unique specificity overlaps that of human chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR5. In model cell lines, expression leads to CCL5 down-regulation with both constitutive and inducible signaling. Here, immunomodulation pathways are investigated in human leukocytes permissive for infection. Constitutive signaling was shown using inositol phosphate assays and inducible calcium signaling by response to CCL2, CCL5 and CCL11. Constitutive signaling targets were examined using an immune response-related microarray and RT-PCR, showing down-regulation of CCL5 and FOG-2, a hematopoietic transcriptional repressor. By RT-PCR and siRNA reversion, CCL5 and FOG-2 were shown down-regulated, during peak U51A expression post infection. Two further active ligands, XCL1 and CCL19, were identified, making U51A competitor to their human receptors, XCR1 and CCR7, on T lymphocytes, NK and dendritic cells. Finally, U51A-expressing cell lines and infected ex vivo leukocytes, showed migration towards chemokine-gradients, and chemokine internalization. Consequently, U51A may affect virus dissemination or host transmission by chemotaxis of infected cells to sites of chemokine secretion specific for U51A (for example the lymph node or lung, by CCL19 or CCL11, respectively) and evade immune-effector cells by chemokine diversion and down-regulation, affecting virus spread and inflammatory pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Catusse
- Department of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK
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24
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Morimoto T, Sunagawa Y, Kawamura T, Takaya T, Wada H, Nagasawa A, Komeda M, Fujita M, Shimatsu A, Kita T, Hasegawa K. The dietary compound curcumin inhibits p300 histone acetyltransferase activity and prevents heart failure in rats. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:868-78. [PMID: 18292809 DOI: 10.1172/jci33160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemodynamic overload in the heart can trigger maladaptive hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. A key signaling event in this process is nuclear acetylation by histone deacetylases and p300, an intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT). It has been previously shown that curcumin, a polyphenol responsible for the yellow color of the spice turmeric, possesses HAT inhibitory activity with specificity for the p300/CREB-binding protein. We found that curcumin inhibited the hypertrophy-induced acetylation and DNA-binding abilities of GATA4, a hypertrophy-responsive transcription factor, in rat cardiomyocytes. Curcumin also disrupted the p300/GATA4 complex and repressed agonist- and p300-induced hypertrophic responses in these cells. Both the acetylated form of GATA4 and the relative levels of the p300/GATA4 complex markedly increased in rat hypertensive hearts in vivo. The effects of curcumin were examined in vivo in 2 different heart failure models: hypertensive heart disease in salt-sensitive Dahl rats and surgically induced myocardial infarction in rats. In both models, curcumin prevented deterioration of systolic function and heart failure-induced increases in both myocardial wall thickness and diameter. From these results, we conclude that inhibition of p300 HAT activity by the nontoxic dietary compound curcumin may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for heart failure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Morimoto
- Division of Translational Research, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan
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25
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Takaya T, Kawamura T, Morimoto T, Ono K, Kita T, Shimatsu A, Hasegawa K. Identification of p300-targeted acetylated residues in GATA4 during hypertrophic responses in cardiac myocytes. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:9828-35. [PMID: 18252717 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707391200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A zinc finger protein, GATA4, is one of the hypertrophy-responsive transcription factors and increases its DNA binding and transcriptional activities in response to hypertrophic stimuli in cardiac myocytes. Activation of GATA4 during this process is mediated, in part, through acetylation by intrinsic histone acetyltransferases such as a transcriptional coactivator p300. However, p300-targeted acetylated sites of GATA4 during myocardial cell hypertrophy have not been identified. By mutational analysis, we showed that 4 lysine residues located between amino acids 311 and 322 are required for synergistic activation of atrial natriuretic factor and endothelin-1 promoters by GATA4 and p300. A tetra-mutant GATA4, in which these 4 lysine residues were simultaneously mutated, retained the ability to localize in nuclei and to interact with cofactors including FOG-2, GATA6, and p300 but lacked p300-induced acetylation, DNA binding, and transcriptional activities. Furthermore, coexpression of the tetra-mutant GATA4 with wild-type GATA4 impaired the p300-induced acetylation, DNA binding, and transcriptional activities of the wild type. When we expressed the tetra-mutant GATA4 in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes using a lentivirus vector, this mutant suppressed phenylephrine-induced increases in cell size, protein synthesis, and expression of hypertrophy-responsive genes. However, its expression did not affect the basal state. Thus, we have identified the most critical lysine residues acting as p300-mediated acetylation targets in GATA4 during hypertrophic responses in cardiac myocytes. The results also demonstrate that GATA4 with simultaneous mutation of these sites specifically suppresses hypertrophic responses as a dominant-negative form, providing further evidence for the acetylation of GATA4 as one of critical nuclear events in myocardial cell hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohide Takaya
- Division of Translational Research and Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Bhattacharya S, Macdonald ST, Farthing CR. Molecular mechanisms controlling the coupled development of myocardium and coronary vasculature. Clin Sci (Lond) 2006; 111:35-46. [PMID: 16764556 DOI: 10.1042/cs20060003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac failure affects 1.5% of the adult population and is predominantly caused by myocardial dysfunction secondary to coronary vascular insufficiency. Current therapeutic strategies improve prognosis only modestly, as the primary cause -- loss of normally functioning cardiac myocytes -- is not being corrected. Adult cardiac myocytes are unable to divide and regenerate to any significant extent following injury. New cardiac myocytes are, however, created during embryogenesis from progenitor cells and then by cell division from existing cardiac myocytes. This process is intimately linked to the development of coronary vasculature from progenitors originating in the endothelium, the proepicardial organ and neural crest. In this review, we systematically evaluate approx. 90 mouse mutations that impair heart muscle growth during development. These studies provide genetic evidence for interactions between myocytes, endothelium and cells derived from the proepicardial organ and the neural crest that co-ordinate myocardial and coronary vascular development. Conditional knockout and transgenic rescue experiments indicate that Vegfa, Bmpr1a (ALK3), Fgfr1/2, Mapk14 (p38), Hand1, Hand2, Gata4, Zfpm2 (FOG2), Srf and Txnrd2 in cardiac myocytes, Rxra and Wt1 in the proepicardial organ, EfnB2, Tek, Mapk7, Pten, Nf1 and Casp8 in the endothelium, and Bmpr1a and Pax3 in neural crest cells are key molecules controlling myocardial development. Coupling of myocardial and coronary development is mediated by BMP (bone morphogenetic protein), FGF (fibroblast growth factor) and VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) signalling, and also probably involves hypoxia. Pharmacological targeting of these molecules and pathways could, in principle, be used to recreate the embryonic state and achieve coupled myocardial and coronary vascular regeneration in failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumo Bhattacharya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
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27
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Xin M, Davis CA, Molkentin JD, Lien CL, Duncan SA, Richardson JA, Olson EN. A threshold of GATA4 and GATA6 expression is required for cardiovascular development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:11189-94. [PMID: 16847256 PMCID: PMC1544063 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0604604103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc-finger transcription factors GATA4 and GATA6 play critical roles in embryonic development. Mouse embryos lacking GATA4 die at embryonic day (E) 8.5 because of failure of ventral foregut closure and cardiac bifida, whereas GATA6 is essential for development of the visceral endoderm. Although mice that are heterozygous for either a GATA4 or GATA6 null allele are normal, we show that compound heterozygosity of GATA4 and GATA6 results in embryonic lethality by E13.5 accompanied by a spectrum of cardiovascular defects, including thin-walled myocardium, ventricular and aortopulmonary septal defects, and abnormal smooth muscle development. Myocardial hypoplasia in GATA4/GATA6 double heterozygous mutant embryos is associated with reduced proliferation of cardiomyocytes, diminished expression of the myogenic transcription factor MEF2C (myocyte enhancer factor 2C), and down-regulation of beta-myosin heavy chain expression, a key determinant of cardiac contractility. These findings reveal a threshold of GATA4 and GATA6 activity that is required for gene expression in the developing cardiovascular system and underscore the potential of recessive mutations to perturb the delicate regulation of cardiovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xin
- Departments of *Molecular Biology and
| | | | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | | | - Stephen A. Duncan
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53202
| | - James A. Richardson
- Departments of *Molecular Biology and
- Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Eric N. Olson
- Departments of *Molecular Biology and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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28
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Kasper LH, Fukuyama T, Biesen MA, Boussouar F, Tong C, de Pauw A, Murray PJ, van Deursen JMA, Brindle PK. Conditional knockout mice reveal distinct functions for the global transcriptional coactivators CBP and p300 in T-cell development. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:789-809. [PMID: 16428436 PMCID: PMC1347027 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.26.3.789-809.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The global transcriptional coactivators CREB-binding protein (CBP) and the closely related p300 interact with over 312 proteins, making them among the most heavily connected hubs in the known mammalian protein-protein interactome. It is largely uncertain, however, if these interactions are important in specific cell lineages of adult animals, as homozygous null mutations in either CBP or p300 result in early embryonic lethality in mice. Here we describe a Cre/LoxP conditional p300 null allele (p300flox) that allows for the temporal and tissue-specific inactivation of p300. We used mice carrying p300flox and a CBP conditional knockout allele (CBPflox) in conjunction with an Lck-Cre transgene to delete CBP and p300 starting at the CD4- CD8- double-negative thymocyte stage of T-cell development. Loss of either p300 or CBP led to a decrease in CD4+ CD8+ double-positive thymocytes, but an increase in the percentage of CD8+ single-positive thymocytes seen in CBP mutant mice was not observed in p300 mutants. T cells completely lacking both CBP and p300 did not develop normally and were nonexistent or very rare in the periphery, however. T cells lacking CBP or p300 had reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha gene expression in response to phorbol ester and ionophore, while signal-responsive gene expression in CBP- or p300-deficient macrophages was largely intact. Thus, CBP and p300 each supply a surprising degree of redundant coactivation capacity in T cells and macrophages, although each gene has also unique properties in thymocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawryn H Kasper
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Fischer A, Klattig J, Kneitz B, Diez H, Maier M, Holtmann B, Englert C, Gessler M. Hey basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors are repressors of GATA4 and GATA6 and restrict expression of the GATA target gene ANF in fetal hearts. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:8960-70. [PMID: 16199874 PMCID: PMC1265774 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.20.8960-8970.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hey basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors are downstream effectors of Notch signaling in the cardiovascular system. Mice lacking Hey2 develop cardiac hypertrophy, often associated with congenital heart defects, whereas combined Hey1/Hey2 deficiency leads to severe vascular defects and embryonic lethality around embryonic day E9.5. The molecular basis of these disorders is poorly understood, however, since target genes of Hey transcription factors in the affected tissues remain elusive. To identify genes regulated by Hey factors we have generated a conditional Hey1 knockout mouse. This strain was used to generate paired Hey2- and Hey1/2-deficient embryonic stem cell lines. Comparison of these cell lines by microarray analysis identified GATA4 and GATA6 as differentially expressed genes. Loss of Hey1/2 leads to elevated GATA4/6 and ANF mRNA levels in embryoid bodies, while forced expression of Hey factors strongly represses expression of the GATA4 and GATA6 promoter in various cell lines. In addition, the promoter activity of the GATA4/6 target gene ANF was inhibited by Hey1, Hey2, and HeyL. Protein interaction and mutation analyses suggest that repression is due to direct binding of Hey proteins to GATA4 and GATA6, blocking their transcriptional activity. In Hey2-deficient fetal hearts we observed elevated mRNA levels of ANF and CARP. Expression of ANF and Hey2 is normally restricted to the trabecular and compact myocardial layer, respectively. Intriguingly, loss of Hey2 leads to ectopic ANF expression in the compact layer, suggesting a direct role for Hey2 in limiting ANF expression in this cardiac compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fischer
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Physiological Chemistry I, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
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30
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Peterkin T, Gibson A, Loose M, Patient R. The roles of GATA-4, -5 and -6 in vertebrate heart development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2004; 16:83-94. [PMID: 15659343 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2004.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factors GATA-4, -5 and -6 are expressed very early in heart tissue. Essential GATA sites have been detected in several cardiac genes and the cardiac GATA factors interact with a wide variety of cofactors which synergistically increase gene expression. These multi-protein transcriptional complexes confer promoter-specificity on the GATA factors and also on the more broadly expressed cofactors. Here we summarise the data on these interactions and represent the conclusions as a GATA factor-based genetic regulatory network for the heart. Of the three cardiac GATAs, GATA-4 is by far the most extensively studied, however, loss-of-function data question its presumed dominance during heart development as opposed to hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Peterkin
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS
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31
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Cantor AB, Orkin SH. Coregulation of GATA factors by the Friend of GATA (FOG) family of multitype zinc finger proteins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2004; 16:117-28. [PMID: 15659346 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2004.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Friend of GATA (FOG) family of proteins is an evolutionarily conserved class of large multitype zinc finger cofactors that bind to the amino zinc finger of GATA transcription factors and modulate their activity. Two FOG genes have been identified in mammals, both of which interact with each of the six known vertebrate GATA factors in vitro. Physical interaction between FOG and GATA proteins in vivo is essential for the development of a broad array of tissues, reflecting the overlapping expression patterns of these factors. In this review, we will discuss the identification and characterization of FOG proteins, their role in human disease, and recent studies that shed new light on their function and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan B Cantor
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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