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Hussain A, Faheem B, Jang HS, Lee DS, Mun BG, Rolly NK, Yun BW. Melatonin-Nitric Oxide Crosstalk in Plants and the Prospects of NOMela as a Nitric Oxide Donor. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8535. [PMID: 39126104 PMCID: PMC11313359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin regulates vital physiological processes in animals, such as the circadian cycle, sleep, locomotion, body temperature, food intake, and sexual and immune responses. In plants, melatonin modulates seed germination, longevity, circadian cycle, photoperiodicity, flowering, leaf senescence, postharvest fruit storage, and resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. In plants, the effect of melatonin is mediated by various regulatory elements of the redox network, including RNS and ROS. Similarly, the radical gas NO mediates various physiological processes, like seed germination, flowering, leaf senescence, and stress responses. The biosynthesis of both melatonin and NO takes place in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Hence, both melatonin and nitric oxide are key signaling molecules governing their biological pathways independently. However, there are instances when these pathways cross each other and the two molecules interact with each other, resulting in the formation of N-nitrosomelatonin or NOMela, which is a nitrosated form of melatonin, discovered recently and with promising roles in plant development. The interaction between NO and melatonin is highly complex, and, although a handful of studies reporting these interactions have been published, the exact molecular mechanisms governing them and the prospects of NOMela as a NO donor have just started to be unraveled. Here, we review NO and melatonin production as well as RNS-melatonin interaction under normal and stressful conditions. Furthermore, for the first time, we provide highly sensitive, ozone-chemiluminescence-based comparative measurements of the nitric oxide content, as well as NO-release kinetics between NOMela and the commonly used NO donors CySNO and GSNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Hussain
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Brekhna Faheem
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Hyung-Seok Jang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Sol Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Nkulu Kabange Rolly
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Sirvins C, Goupy P, Promeyrat A, Dufour C. C-Nitrosation, C-Nitration, and Coupling of Flavonoids with N-Acetyltryptophan Limit This Amine N-Nitrosation in a Simulated Cured and Cooked Meat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4777-4787. [PMID: 38377948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Nitrite is a common additive in cured meat formulation that provides microbiological safety, lipid oxidation management, and typical organoleptic properties. However, it is associated with the formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines. In this context, the antinitrosating capacity of selected flavonoids and ascorbate was evaluated in a simulated cooked and cured meat under formulation and digestion conditions. N-Acetyltryptophan was used as a secondary amine target. (-)-Epicatechin, rutin, and quercetin were all able to limit the formation of N-acetyl-N-nitrosotryptophan (NO-AcTrp) at pH 2.5 and pH 5 although (-)-epicatechin was 2 to 3-fold more efficient. Kinetics for the newly identified compounds allowed us to unravel common mechanistic pathways, which are flavonoid oxidation by nitrite followed by C-nitration and an original covalent coupling between NO-AcTrp and flavonoids or their nitro and nitroso counterparts. C-nitrosation of the A-ring was evidenced only for (-)-epicatechin. These major findings suggest that flavonoids could help to manage N-nitrosamine formation during cured meat processing, storage, and digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Sirvins
- INRAE, Avignon University, UMR408 SQPOV, F-84000 Avignon, France
- IFIP, French Pork and Pig Institute, F-35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Pascale Goupy
- INRAE, Avignon University, UMR408 SQPOV, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | | | - Claire Dufour
- INRAE, Avignon University, UMR408 SQPOV, F-84000 Avignon, France
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Guo J, Tian X, Chen S, Ma C, Bai L, Zhang Y, Yang N, Sun M, Wang W. Candidate molecules as alternative nitric oxide donors with better antibacterial property against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad285. [PMID: 38040654 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Four nitric oxide (NO) donors, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), S-nitrosocysteine (CySNO), S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC), and 2-(2-S-nitroso propionamide) acetic acid (GAS) were prepared and their physicochemical characteristics were analyzed. Besides, the antibacterial properties of NO donors were investigated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS AND RESULTS UV-visible absorption spectrum and Fourier transform infrared spectrum verified the successful preparation of RSNOs. All NO donors (10 mmol l-1) could release NO continuously, and the amount of NO release was from 80.22 μmol l-1 to 706.63 μmol l-1, in which the release of NO from SNAC was the highest, and the release of NO from NaNO2 was the least. The inhibition zone indicated that all NO donors showed stronger antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, and the antibacterial ability was in the order of SNAC > GSNO > CySNO > GAS > NaNO2 for both E. coli and S. aureus (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) showed that all NO donors could result in varying degrees of damage to cell wall and membrane of both E. coli and S. aureus and the damage of E. coli was more severe. CONCLUSION Four alternative NO donors were successfully synthesized. All alternative NO donors showed better antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus than NaNO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaojing Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Sihong Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chenwei Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lei Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ning Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Mengjiao Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenhang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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Zhang Z, Li Y, He H, Qian X, Yang Y. Mild Chemotriggered Generation of a Fluorophore-Tethered Diazoalkane Species via Smiles Rearrangement. Org Lett 2016; 18:4674-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Zhang
- Division
of Health Toxicology and Function Test, Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530021, China
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5
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Comparison of HNO reactivity with tryptophan and cysteine in small peptides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3710-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Talipov MR, Timerghazin QK. Protein Control of S-Nitrosothiol Reactivity: Interplay of Antagonistic Resonance Structures. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:1827-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jp310664z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marat R. Talipov
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
53201-1881, United States
| | - Qadir K. Timerghazin
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
53201-1881, United States
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Suzuki T, Ninomiya Y, Inukai M. Effects of 8-Oxo-dGuo on S-Nitrosation of Cysteine and N-Nitrosation of Tryptophan. Genes Environ 2013. [DOI: 10.3123/jemsge.35.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wiesweg M, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U, Fandrey J, Petrat F, de Groot H, Kirsch M. Rocket fuel for the quantification of S-nitrosothiols. Highly specific reduction of S-nitrosothiols to thiols by methylhydrazine. Free Radic Res 2012. [PMID: 23181469 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.744836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of S-nitrosothiols to the corresponding thiol function is the key step in analyzing S-nitrosocysteinyl residues in proteins. Though it has been shown to give low yields, ascorbate-dependent reduction is commonly performed in the frequently used biotin-switch technique. We demonstrate that the compound methylhydrazine can act as a specific and efficient reducing agent for S-nitrosothiols. The corresponding thiol function is exclusively generated from low molecular weight and proteinaceous S-nitrosothiols while methylhydrazine failed to reduce disulfides. It was possible to optimize the experimental conditions so that thiol autoxidation is excluded, and high reaction yields (>90%) are obtained for the thiol function. The biotin-switch technique performed with methylhydrazine-dependent reduction shows remarkably improved sensitivity compared to the ascorbate-dependent procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wiesweg
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45 122 Essen, Germany
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Xanthine oxidase-mediated denitrosation of N-nitroso-tryptophan by superoxide and uric acid. Nitric Oxide 2012; 28:57-64. [PMID: 23099296 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate the formation of protein nitrosamines in vivo and tryptophan residues in proteins might represent important targets of nitrosative and oxidative stress. In the present work, we examined the mechanism by which xanthine oxidase (XO) denitrosates N-nitroso Trp residues and determined the applicability of the reactions involved to the detection of nitrosated Trp residues by tri-iodide-based chemiluminescence. We found that - in addition to superoxide - denitrosation of N-acetyl-nitroso Trp (NANT) by hypoxanthine and XO occurred via the intermediacy of uric acid. Zero-order dependence of NANT decay rate with uric acid was achieved with increasing concentrations of uric acid (k(0)∼6.0×10(-4)s(-1)) and generated nitric oxide. In contrast, S-nitrosoglutathione and nitrosyl-myoglobin were stable in the presence of uric acid. NANT decomposition by uric acid could be reproducibly measured using the tri-iodide-based chemiluminescence assay in the presence of excess nitrite upon pre-treatment with acidified sulfanilamide. N-nitrosated albumin was sensitive to uric acid-induced decomposition only after proteolytic degradation. In conclusion, XO decomposes nitrosated Trp through superoxide and uric acid pathways and in the case of uric acid generates free nitric oxide. Site-specificity of this reaction may possibly be used in combination with the tri-iodide-based chemiluminescence assay to discern between nitrosated Trp, S-nitrosothiols, and nitrosylated heme proteins.
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Filipovic MR, Miljkovic JL, Nauser T, Royzen M, Klos K, Shubina T, Koppenol WH, Lippard SJ, Ivanović-Burmazović I. Chemical characterization of the smallest S-nitrosothiol, HSNO; cellular cross-talk of H2S and S-nitrosothiols. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:12016-27. [PMID: 22741609 PMCID: PMC3408084 DOI: 10.1021/ja3009693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dihydrogen sulfide recently emerged as a biological signaling molecule with important physiological roles and significant pharmacological potential. Chemically plausible explanations for its mechanisms of action have remained elusive, however. Here, we report that H(2)S reacts with S-nitrosothiols to form thionitrous acid (HSNO), the smallest S-nitrosothiol. These results demonstrate that, at the cellular level, HSNO can be metabolized to afford NO(+), NO, and NO(-) species, all of which have distinct physiological consequences of their own. We further show that HSNO can freely diffuse through membranes, facilitating transnitrosation of proteins such as hemoglobin. The data presented in this study explain some of the physiological effects ascribed to H(2)S, but, more broadly, introduce a new signaling molecule, HSNO, and suggest that it may play a key role in cellular redox regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos R Filipovic
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Li XH, Li ZG, Zhang XZ. DFT-PCM Study of the Bond Dissociation Energies of N-nitrosoindole Compounds in Acetonitrile. J SOLUTION CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-011-9729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Protein nitrotryptophan: formation, significance and identification. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2300-12. [PMID: 21679780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species are formed during a variety of disease states and have been shown to modify several amino acids on proteins. To date, the majority of research in this area has focused on the nitration of tyrosine residues to form 3-nitrotyrosine. However, emerging evidence suggests that another modification, nitration of tryptophan residues, to form nitrotryptophan (NO(2)-Trp), may also play a significant role in the biology of nitrosative stress. This review takes an in-depth look at NO(2)-Trp, presenting the current research about its formation, prevalence and biological significance, as well as the methods used to identify NO(2)-Trp-modified proteins. Although more research is needed to understand the full biological role of NO(2)-Trp, the data presented herein suggest a contribution to nitrosative stress-induced cell dysregulation and perhaps even in physiological cell processes.
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Matsumoto A, Gow AJ. Membrane transfer of S-nitrosothiols. Nitric Oxide 2011; 25:102-7. [PMID: 21377531 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The distinctive function of nitric oxide (NO) in biology is to transmit cellular signals through membranes and regulate cellular functions in adjacent cells. NO conveys signals as a second messenger from a cell where NO is generated to contiguous cells in two ways; one is as gaseous molecule by free diffusion resulting in an activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (NO/cGMP pathway), and another form is by binding with a molecule such as cysteine or protein thiol through S-nitrosylation (SNO pathway). Both pathways transmit much of the biological influence of NO from cell where other messenger molecules but NO are confined, through the plasma membrane to the adjacent cells. Since SNO pathway cannot utilize free-diffusion mechanism to get through the membrane as the molecular size is significantly larger than NO molecule, it utilizes amino acid transporter to convey signals as a form of S-nitrosylated cysteine (CysNO). Although S-nitrosylated glutathione (GSNO) is the molecule which act as a determinant of the total S-nitrosothiol level in cell, transnitrosylation reaction from GSNO to CysNO is an initial requirement to pass through signal through the membrane. Thus, multiplexed combination of these steps and the regulatory factors involved in this system conform and modify the outcome from stimulus-response coupling via the SNO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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Jourd'heuil FL, Lowery AM, Melton EM, Mnaimneh S, Bryan NS, Fernandez BO, Park JH, Ha CE, Bhagavan NV, Feelisch M, Jourd'heuil D. Redox-sensitivity and site-specificity of S- and N- denitrosation in proteins. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14400. [PMID: 21203591 PMCID: PMC3006389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND S-nitrosation--the formation of S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) at cysteine residues in proteins--is a posttranslational modification involved in signal transduction and nitric oxide (NO) transport. Recent studies would also suggest the formation of N-nitrosamines (RNNOs) in proteins in vivo, although their biological significance remains obscure. In this study, we characterized a redox-based mechanism by which N-nitroso-tryptophan residues in proteins may be denitrosated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The denitrosation of N-acetyl-nitroso Trp (NANT) by glutathione (GSH) required molecular oxygen and was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Transnitrosation to form S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) was observed only in the absence of oxygen or presence of SOD. Protein denitrosation by GSH was studied using a set of mutant recombinant human serum albumin (HSA). Trp-214 and Cys-37 were the only two residues nitrosated by NO under aerobic conditions. Nitroso-Trp-214 in HSA was insensitive to denitrosation by GSH or ascorbate while denitrosation at Cys-37 was evident in the presence of GSH but not ascorbate. GSH-dependent denitrosation of Trp-214 was restored in a peptide fragment of helix II containing Trp-214. Finally, incubation of cell lysates with NANT revealed a pattern of protein nitrosation distinct from that observed with GSNO. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the denitrosation of nitrosated Trp by GSH occurs through homolytic cleavage of nitroso Trp to NO and a Trp aminyl radical, driven by the formation of superoxide derived from the oxidation of GSH to GSSG. Overall, the accessibility of Trp residues to redox-active biomolecules determines the stability of protein-associated nitroso species such that in the case of HSA, N-nitroso-Trp-214 is insensitive to denitrosation by low-molecular-weight antioxidants. Moreover, RNNOs can generate free NO and transfer their NO moiety in an oxygen-dependent fashion, albeit site-specificities appear to differ markedly from that of RSNOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances L Jourd'heuil
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America.
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Rosenfeld RJ, Bonaventura J, Szymczyna BR, MacCoss MJ, Arvai AS, Yates JR, Tainer JA, Getzoff ED. Nitric-oxide synthase forms N-NO-pterin and S-NO-cys: implications for activity, allostery, and regulation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:31581-9. [PMID: 20659888 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.072496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) produces biologically stressful levels of nitric oxide (NO) as a potent mediator of cellular cytotoxicity or signaling. Yet, how this nitrosative stress affects iNOS function in vivo is poorly understood. Here we define two specific non-heme iNOS nitrosation sites discovered by combining UV-visible spectroscopy, chemiluminescence, mass spectrometry, and x-ray crystallography. We detected auto-S-nitrosylation during enzymatic turnover by using chemiluminescence. Selective S-nitrosylation of the ZnS(4) site, which bridges the dimer interface, promoted a dimer-destabilizing order-to-disorder transition. The nitrosated iNOS crystal structure revealed an unexpected N-NO modification on the pterin cofactor. Furthermore, the structurally defined N-NO moiety is solvent-exposed and available to transfer NO to a partner. We investigated glutathione (GSH) as a potential transnitrosation partner because the intracellular GSH concentration is high and NOS can form S-nitrosoglutathione. Our computational results predicted a GSH binding site adjacent to the N-NO-pterin. Moreover, we detected GSH binding to iNOS with saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy. Collectively, these observations resolve previous paradoxes regarding this uncommon pterin cofactor in NOS and suggest means for regulating iNOS activity via N-NO-pterin and S-NO-Cys modifications. The iNOS self-nitrosation characterized here appears appropriate to help control NO production in response to cellular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Lu TT, Chen CH, Liaw WF. Formation of the Distinct Redox-Interrelated Forms of Nitric Oxide from Reaction of Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes (DNICs) and Substitution Ligands. Chemistry 2010; 16:8088-95. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Melzer M, Mossin S, Dai X, Bartell A, Kapoor P, Meyer K, Warren T. A Three-Coordinate Copper(II) Amide from Reductive Cleavage of a Nitrosamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Melzer M, Mossin S, Dai X, Bartell A, Kapoor P, Meyer K, Warren T. A Three-Coordinate Copper(II) Amide from Reductive Cleavage of a Nitrosamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 49:904-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Suzuki T, Naka A, Kimura H. Effects of uric acid on nitrosation of N-acetylcysteine by diethylamine NONOate and N-acetyl-N-nitrosotryptophan. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:736-9. [PMID: 19571422 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid of human plasma concentration accelerated nitrosation of N-acetylcysteine by diethylamine NONOate at neutral pH, but diminished that of N-acetyltryptophan. Uric acid also accelerated nitrosation of N-acetylcysteine by N-acetyl-N-nitrosotryptophan, having a nitroso group on the nitrogen atom of the indole ring. N-Acetyl-S-nitrosocysteine was stable even in the presence of uric acid and N-acetyltryptophan at neutral pH, while decomposition of N-acetyl-N-nitrosotryptophan was accelerated by uric acid and N-acetylcysteine. The results indicate that uric acid receives a nitroso group from diethylamine NONOate or N-acetyl-N-nitrosotryptophan, and passes it to the thiol group of N-acetylcysteine resulting in N-acetyl-S-nitrosocysteine. This implies that uric acid may act as an effective transporter of nitric oxide to thiols resulting in accumulation of nitrosothiols in humans.
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Abstract
Melatonin is easily nitrosated via various mechanisms at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring to give N-nitrosomelatonin (NOMela). This mini-review provides a comprehensive view of this N-nitroso compound. With an improved procedure NOMela can now economically synthesized with low laboratory expenditure. The major chemical property of NOMela, i.e. the (formally) transfer of the NO+ function to its target nucleophile, is explained in detail and a variety of detection methods using this reaction are suggested. As the suspected carcinogenical potential of NOMela is clearly overruled it seems attractive to apply this nitroso compound for endogenous generation of S-nitrosothiols that act as nitric oxide donors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kirsch
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Kirsch M, Büscher AM, Aker S, Schulz R, de Groot H. New insights into the S-nitrosothiol–ascorbate reaction. The formation of nitroxyl. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:1954-62. [DOI: 10.1039/b901046g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Berchner-Pfannschmidt U, Tug S, Trinidad B, Becker M, Oehme F, Flamme I, Fandrey J, Kirsch M. The impact of N-nitrosomelatonin as nitric oxide donor in cell culture experiments. J Pineal Res 2008; 45:489-96. [PMID: 18673420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-nitrosomelatonin (NOMela) is well-known for its capabilities of transnitrosating nucleophiles such as thiols and ascorbate, thereby generating nitric oxide (NO)-releasing compounds. It is unknown, however, whether NOMela can be successfully applied as a precursor of NO in a complex biological environment like a cell culture system. NO donors may be useful to induce the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), which coordinates the protection of cells and tissues from the lack of oxygen (hypoxia). In this study, the effects of NOMela in an in vitro cell-free assay [NO-release, inhibition of prolylhydroxylase1 (PHD1)] and in living cells (upregulation of HIF-1, reduction of HIF-1 hydroxylation, upregulation of the HIF-1-target gene PHD2) were compared with those of the frequently applied NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In contrast to GSNO, NOMela released NO in a predictable manner and this release in vitro was found to be independent of the composition of the buffer system. The NOMela-mediated effects in oxygenated cells were in all cases comparable to the hypoxic response, whereas unphysiological strong effects were observed with GSNO. Probably, because of the antioxidative power of the NOMela-dependent formation of melatonin, cells were completely protected against the attack of reactive nitrogen oxygen species, which are generated by autoxidation of NO. In conclusion, NOMela had to be an excellent NO precursor for cells in culture and potentially tissues.
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Berchner-Pfannschmidt U, Tug S, Trinidad B, Oehme F, Yamac H, Wotzlaw C, Flamme I, Fandrey J. Nuclear oxygen sensing: induction of endogenous prolyl-hydroxylase 2 activity by hypoxia and nitric oxide. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:31745-53. [PMID: 18776187 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804390200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The abundance of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor is regulated through hydroxylation of its alpha-subunits by a family of prolyl-hydroxylases (PHD1-3). Enzymatic activity of these PHDs is O2-dependent, which enables PHDs to act as cellular O2 sensor enzymes. Herein we studied endogenous PHD activity that was induced in cells grown under hypoxia or in the presence of nitric oxide. Under such conditions nuclear extracts contained much higher PHD activity than the respective cytoplasmic extracts. Although PHD1-3 were abundant in both compartments, knockdown experiments for each isoenzyme revealed that nuclear PHD activity was only due to PHD2. Maximal PHD2 activity was found between 120 and 210 microm O2. PHD2 activity was strongly decreased below 100 microm O2 with a half-maximum activity at 53 +/- 13 microm O2 for the cytosolic and 54 +/- 10 microm O2 for nuclear PHD2 matching the physiological O2 concentration within most cells. Our data suggest a role for PHD2 as a decisive oxygen sensor of the hypoxia-inducible factor degradation pathway within the cell nucleus.
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Kirsch M, de Groot H. N-nitrosomelatonin outcompetes S-nitrosocysteine in inhibiting glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase: first evidence that N-nitrosomelatonin can modify protein function. J Pineal Res 2008; 44:244-9. [PMID: 18339119 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2007.00517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) are well known for their capability to transnitrosate cysteine residues of enzymes thereby altering their catalytic activity. It is unknown, however, whether N-nitrosomelatonin (NOMela) which is highly effective in transnitrosating low-molecular-weight thiols (RSHs) can also alter protein function. In the present study, we report on such a capability with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a target enzyme. Reaction of NOMela with GAPDH resulted in an increase of RSNOs at the expense of RSHs. Somewhat surprisingly, NOMela was about 10-fold more effective than S-nitrosocysteine in inhibiting GAPDH. Vitamin C and glutathione increased the NOMela-dependent inhibition of the enzyme by accelerating the intermediacy of nitroxyl which is also highly effective in nitrosating RSHs. The occurrence of this intermediate during the NOMela-vitamin C reaction was verified by using Mn(III)-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphorin pentachloride as nitroxyl scavenger. The NOMela-dependent inactivation of GAPDH was so effective that this reaction can be used to quantify NOMela with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kirsch
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany.
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26
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Liebeskind S, Korth HG, de Groot H, Kirsch M. Dependence of product formation from decomposition of nitroso-dithiols on the degree of nitrosation. Evidence that dinitroso-dithiothreitol acts solely as an nitric oxide releasing compound. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2560-73. [DOI: 10.1039/b801583j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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Lai CH, Chou PT. A theoretical study of thermodynamics and kinetics of nitrosamines: a potential no carrier. Theor Chem Acc 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-007-0403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Kopczak A, Korth HG, de Groot H, Kirsch M. N-nitroso-melatonin releases nitric oxide in the presence of serotonin and its derivatives. J Pineal Res 2007; 43:343-50. [PMID: 17910602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2007.00484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel reaction was observed between 5-hydroxytryptophan derivatives like serotonin and N-nitroso-melatonin (NOMela). This reaction decreased the concentration of serotonin by about 50% and generated initially as detectable products nitric oxide and melatonin with stoichiometrical yields. The other expected product, a serotonin-derived radical, could not be detected by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry, probably because the self-decay of phenoxyl type radicals proceed at the diffusion-controlled limit. From the facts that the decay rate of NOMela corresponded very well with the nitric oxide releasing rate and that nitrite was the only thermodynamically stable nitrogen oxide-containing product, it is concluded that the NOMela-serotonin reaction proceeded quantitatively. The observed reaction might be a possibility to counteract a pharmacologically abnormal high serotonin concentration in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kopczak
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
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29
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Kirsch M, Korth HG. Generation, basic chemistry, and detection of N-nitrosotryptophan derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:3889-94. [PMID: 18043791 DOI: 10.1039/b713377b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Terminal blocked tryptophan derivatives like melatonin or tryptophan residues in peptides are easily nitrosated at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring to give the corresponding N-nitrosotryptophan derivatives. This article provides a comprehensive view of the synthesis, chemical properties, and detection methods of this class of N-nitroso compounds of potential importance in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kirsch
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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30
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Müller K, Korth HG, de Groot H, Kirsch M. Reaction of Vitamin E Compounds withN-Nitrosated Tryptophan Derivatives and Its Analytical Use. Chemistry 2007; 13:7532-42. [PMID: 17611948 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that nitrosated tryptophan residues may act as endogenous nitric oxide storage compounds. Here, a novel reaction of nitrosotryptophan derivatives is described, in the form of the release of nitric oxide from N-nitrosotryptophan derivatives initiated either by alpha-tocopherol or by its water-soluble form trolox. Alpha-tocopherol and trolox were found to release stoichiometric amounts of nitric oxide from N-acetyl-N-nitrosotryptophan as well as from the nitrosotryptophan residue in albumin. The reaction proceeds both in water and in lipophilic solution and reconstitutes the indole moiety of the tryptophan molecule quantitatively. During this reaction, alpha-tocopherol- and trolox-derived phenoxyl-type radicals were identified as intermediates by ESR spectrometry. The chemical mechanism of the NO-releasing process was established. Since S-nitrosothiols do not react under the applied conditions, it is suggested that the trolox-dependent release of nitric oxide may be utilizable for the detection of N-nitrosotryptophan residues in biological samples. Furthermore, as N-nitrosotryptophan derivatives do not undergo spontaneous decay in lipophilic environments, vitamin E may have the so far unrecognized function of preventing the accumulation of N-nitrosotryptophan residues to toxic concentrations in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Müller
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
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31
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Boudko DY. Bioanalytical profile of the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway and its evaluation by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 851:186-210. [PMID: 17329176 PMCID: PMC2040328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review briefly summarizes recent progress in fundamental understanding and analytical profiling of the L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway. It focuses on key analytical references of NO actions and the experimental acquisition of these references in vivo, with capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) comprising one of the most flexible and technologically promising analytical platform for comprehensive high-resolution profiling of NO-related metabolites. Another aim of this review is to express demands and bridge efforts of experimental biologists, medical professionals and chemical analysis-oriented scientists who strive to understand evolution and physiological roles of NO and to develop analytical methods for use in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Y Boudko
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd., St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA.
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32
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Peyrot F, Ducrocq C. Nitrosation ofN-Terminally Blocked Tryptophan and Tryptophan-Containing Peptides by Peroxynitrite. Chembiochem 2007; 8:217-23. [PMID: 17183522 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan is known to be a major target of oxidative stress and to take part in electron transfer. In proteins, its fluorescence is extinguished after treatment with oxidative agents, like peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)/ONOOH) - the product of the reaction of NO* and superoxide anion (O*(2)(-)) radicals. The main reactions of N-blocked tryptophan derivatives (melatonin or N-acetyl-L-tryptophan) exposed to peroxynitrite at physiological pH are oxidation to formylkynuramine or formylkynurenine, respectively, and nitrosation, which leads to substituted 1-nitrosoindoles. Here we show that peroxynitrite-induced nitrosation is specific to N-blocked L-tryptophan derivatives and is not obtained with free L-tryptophan. Such a nitrosation can be evaluated by using 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2), which is converted to the fluorescent triazolofluorescein by NO* donors and nitrosating agents. N-acetyl-L-tryptophan was shown to be twice as efficient as melatonin in transferring NO from peroxynitrite to DAF-2. DAF-2 responses were then used to assess the ability of a series of L-tryptophan-containing peptides to give transient N-nitrosoindoles upon treatment with peroxynitrite. Many peptides proved not to be susceptible to nitrosation under these conditions. However, the N-terminally blocked peptide of endothelin-1 (Ac-Asp-Ile-Ile-Trp) reacted in a very similar fashion to melatonin; this shows that tryptophan residue nitrosation could occur when it was exposed to peroxynitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Peyrot
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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33
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Yanagimoto T, Toyota T, Matsuki N, Makino Y, Uchiyama S, Ohwada T. Transnitrosation of Thiols from AliphaticN-Nitrosamines: S-Nitrosation and Indirect Generation of Nitric Oxide. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:736-7. [PMID: 17243790 DOI: 10.1021/ja0658259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yanagimoto
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Hao G, Gross SS. Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry analysis of S- and N-nitrosopeptides: facile loss of NO and radical-induced fragmentation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2006; 17:1725-30. [PMID: 16952458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The covalent addition of nitric oxide (NO) to protein thiols, a posttranslational modification termed S-nitrosation, is a ubiquitous event that modulates diverse cellular processes. The in vivo addition of NO to protein amines (N-nitrosation) has also been described and may similarly modify protein structure and function. While mass spectrometry has been employed for identification of nitrosoproteins, little is known about how S- and N-nitrosopeptides fragment. Such knowledge is important for its potential to inform on sites of protein nitrosation. Here we used electrospray tandem mass spectrometry to elucidate collision-induced dissociation (CID) features of S- and N-nitrosopeptide ions. We show that S- and N-nitrosopeptide ions readily lose NO, giving rise to species that contain thiyl and aminyl radicals, respectively. Fragmentation (MS3) of these radical peptide ions revealed an atypical pattern, characterized by the cleavage of select alphaCC and NalphaC bonds, rather than the more usual cleavage of amide bonds that result in b- and y-ions. These unanticipated fragmentation patterns are reconciled by radical-mediated abstraction of hydrogen from beta-carbon followed by beta-fragmentation. For thiyl radical peptides, we also observed dominant loss of SH and CH2SH from the Cys side-chain. Our findings provide new insights into the gas-phase chemistry of NO-modified peptide ions and suggest an unusual fragmentation pattern that may aid in future MS-based attempts to define the nitrosoproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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35
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Hu TM, Chou TC. The kinetics of thiol-mediated decomposition of S-nitrosothiols. AAPS JOURNAL 2006; 8:E485-92. [PMID: 17025266 PMCID: PMC2761055 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj080357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of sulfhydryl (SH)-containing molecules (thiols) with S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) has been shown to be of biological importance. Biologically or therapeutically relevant thiols generally have a pKa value ranging from 8 to 10 for the SH group. In addition, some of these thiols contain a carboxyl group and are acidic, which should be considered in studying the reaction between RSNO and thiols. In the present study, the kinetics of thiol-mediated decomposition of RSNO was investigated in a commonly used phosphate buffer, phosphate buffered saline (PBS; containing 6.9 mM phosphates; buffer capacity = 3.8 mM/pH). The thiols studied can be divided into 2 groups, depending on their pH perturbation capacity. The kinetics was studied using a wide range of thiol concentrations (ie, from 0.1 to 10 mM). A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to determine RSNO concentrations. The results showed that the acidic thiols, including glutathione, captopril, N-acetylcysteine, and tiopronin, stimulated RSNO decomposition at low millimolar concentrations up to 2 mM. The stimulatory effect, however, became attenuated at concentrations higher than 2 mM in PBS. Increasing the concentration of acidic thiols caused a decrease in solution pH, which was attributable to the inhibitory effect at high thiol concentrations. The effect of thiols on the pH of reaction solution, and the resulting bell-shaped rate profiles, can be predicted by a quantitative analysis, from which a comparison of the intrinsic reactivity toward RSNO, among 8 thiols, was possible. The intrinsic reactivity in general followed the Brønsted relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teh-Min Hu
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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36
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Yamakura F, Ikeda K. Modification of tryptophan and tryptophan residues in proteins by reactive nitrogen species. Nitric Oxide 2006; 14:152-61. [PMID: 16140551 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2005.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Revised: 07/21/2005] [Accepted: 07/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Formation of 3-nitrotyrosine by the reaction between reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and tyrosine residues in proteins has been analyzed extensively and it is used widely as a biomarker of pathophysiological and physiological conditions mediated by RNS. In contrast, few studies on the nitration of tryptophan have been reported. This review provides an overview of the studies on tryptophan modifications by RNS and points out the possible importance of its modification in pathophysiological and physiological conditions. Free tryptophan can be modified to several nitrated products (1-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-), 1-N-nitroso product, and several oxidized products by reaction with various RNS, depending on the conditions used. Among them, 1-N-nitrosotryptophan and 6-nitrotryptophan (6-NO(2)Trp) have been found as the abundant products in the reaction with peroxynitrite, and 6-NO(2)Trp has been the most abundant product in the reaction with the peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite systems. 6-NO(2)Trp has also been observed as the most abundant nitrated product of the reactions between peroxynitrite or myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite and tryptophan residues both in human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase and in bovine serum albumin, as well as the reaction of peroxynitrite with myoglobin and hemoglobin. Several oxidized products have also been identified in the modified Cu,Zn-SOD. However, no 1-N-nitrosotryptophan and 1-N-nitrotryptophan has been observed in the proteins reacted with peroxynitrite or the myeloperoxidase/H(2)O(2)/nitrite system. The modification of tryptophan residues in proteins may occur at a more limited number of sites in vivo than that of tyrosine residues, since tryptophan residues are more buried inside proteins and exist less frequently in proteins, generally. However, surface-exposed tryptophan residues tend to participate in the interaction with the other molecules, therefore the modification of those tryptophans may result in modulation of the specific interaction of proteins and enzymes with other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyuki Yamakura
- Department of Chemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 1-1 Hiragagakuendai, Inba, Chiba 270-1606, Japan.
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37
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Kytzia A, Korth HG, de Groot H, Kirsch M. Catecholamine-induced release of nitric oxide from N-nitrosotryptophan derivatives: A non-enzymatic method for catecholamineoxidation. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:257-67. [PMID: 16391768 DOI: 10.1039/b513857d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, interest in the physiological functions of S-nitrosothiols has strongly increased owing to the potential of these compounds to release nitric oxide. In contrast, little is known about similar functions of N-nitrosated (N-terminal-blocked) tryptophan derivatives, which can be also formed at physiological pH. Utilizing N-acetyl-N-nitrosotryptophan (NANT) and N-nitrosomelatonin (NOMela) as model compounds, we have studied their reaction with catechol and catecholamines such as epinephrine and dopamine. In these reactions, NANT was quantitatively converted to N-acetyltryptophan (NAT), and nitric oxide was identified as a volatile product. During this process, ortho-semiquinone-type radical anions deriving from catechol and dopamine, were detected by ESR spectrometry. The catechol radical concentration was about eight times higher under normoxia than under hypoxia and a similar relationship was found for the decay rates of NANT under these conditions. An epinephrine-derived oxidation product, namely adrenochrome, but not a catechol-derived one, was identified. These observations strongly indicate that N-nitrosotryptophan derivatives transfer their nitroso-function to an oxygen atom of the catecholamines, and that the so-formed intermediary aryl nitrite may decompose homolytically with release of nitric oxide, in addition to a competing hydrolysis reaction to yield nitrite and the corresponding catechol. These conclusions were supported by quantum chemical calculations performed at the CBS-QB3 level of theory. Since nitric oxide is non-enzymatically released from N-nitrosotryptophan derivatives on reaction with catecholamines, there might be a possibility for the development of epinephrine-antagonizing drugs in illnesses like hypertension and pheochromocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kytzia
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
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38
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Kirsch M, Groot H. Detection of N-nitrosomelatonin and other N-nitrosotryptophan derivatives by transnitrosation of APF and DAF-2. J Pineal Res 2006; 40:10-7. [PMID: 16313493 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2005.00277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosothiols can be analyzed with some simple detection procedures and this fact strongly accelerated the understanding of the biological impact of S-nitrosothiols. Unfortunately, such simple analytic methods are presently missing for low molecular weight N-nitrosotryptophan derivatives like N-nitrosomelatonin (NOMela). Here we demonstrate that commercially available primary aromatic amines, i.e. aminophenylfluorescein (APF) and 4,5-diaminofluorescin (DAF-2), can be used for a quantitative determination of NOMela. Under optimized conditions (e.g. pH 11) of the assays, the lifetime of N-nitrosotryptophan derivatives is largely prolonged and the reactivity of S-nitrosothiols with aromatic amines can be safely ignored. The influence of reactive nitrogen oxide species like N2O3 is additionally limited at the alkaline pH and may be further decreased by working under hypoxic conditions. As a result of these optimal conditions, the APF assay has a detection limit for NOMela of about 25 nm but this assay fails to detect protein-bound N-nitrosotryptophan residues. The DAF-2 assay, however, might be used for a qualitative analysis of such residues. Due to the high efficacy of the APF assay it is safely demonstrated that in regard to peroxynitrite, N2O3 is about 50-fold more effective in nitrosating melatonin at physiological pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kirsch
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany.
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39
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Beda NV, Nedospasov AA. Inorganic nitric oxide metabolites participating in no-dependent modifications of biopolymers. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2006; 32:3-26. [PMID: 16523718 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162006010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Biogenous nitric(II) oxide (NO), the higher nitrogen oxides (NO2, isomeric N2O3 and N2O4, ONOO-, etc.) that are NO-derived in vivo, and the products of their transformations are active compounds capable of reactions with biopolymers and low-molecular metabolites. The products of these reactions are often considered to be various NO-dependent modifications (NODMs). The nitrated, nitrosylated, nitrosated, and other NODMs play key roles in the regulation of the most important biochemical processes. In this review, we briefly discuss the metabolic reactions of nitrogen oxides that supply active intermediates for NODMs, the NODM reaction products, and some mechanisms of NODM reparation that allow the recovery of chemically intact biopolymer molecule from a modified (chemically damaged) NODM. For example, residues of 3-nitrotyrosine arising due to the NODM reactions of proteins can be reduced to unsubstituted Tyr residues as a result of alternative NODM reactions through intermediate diazotyrosine derivatives. The heterogeneity of a medium in vivo is an important factor controlling the proceeding of NODM reactions. We showed that many processes determining NODM efficiency proceed differently in the heterogeneous media of organisms and in homogeneous aqueous solutions.
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40
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De Biase PM, Turjanski AG, Estrin DA, Doctorovich F. Mechanisms of NO release by N1-nitrosomelatonin: nucleophilic attack versus reducing pathways. J Org Chem 2005; 70:5790-8. [PMID: 16018670 DOI: 10.1021/jo047720z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new type of physiologically relevant nitrosamines have been recently recognized, the N(1)-nitrosoindoles. The possible pathways by which N(1)-nitrosomelatonin (NOMel) can react in physiological environments have been studied. Our results show that NOMel slowly decomposes spontaneously in aqueous solution, generating melatonin as the main organic product (k = (3.7 +/- 1.1) x 10(-5) s(-1), Tris-HCl (0.2 M) buffer, pH 7.4 at 37 degrees C, anaerobic). This rate is accelerated by acidification (k(pH 5.8) = (4.5 +/- 0.7) x 10(-4) s(-1), k(pH 8.8) = (3.9 +/- 0.6) x 10(-6) s(-1), Tris-HCl (0.2 M) buffer at 37 degrees C), by the presence of O(2) (k(o) = (9.8 +/- 0.1) x 10(-5) s(-1), pH 7.4, 37 degrees C, [NOMel] = 0.1 mM, P(O(2)) = 1 atm), and by the presence of the spin trap TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl; k(o) = (2.0 +/- 0.1) x 10(-4) s(-1), pH 7.4, 37 degrees C, [NOMel] = 0.1 mM, [TEMPO] = 9 mM). We also found that NOMel can transnitrosate to l-cysteinate, producing S-nitrosocysteine and melatonin (k = 0.127 +/- 0.002 M(-1) s(-1), Tris-HCl (0.2 M) buffer, pH 7.4 at 37 degrees C). The reaction of NOMel with ascorbic acid as a reducing agent has also been studied. This rapid reaction produces nitric oxide and melatonin. The saturation of the observed rate constant (k = (1.08 +/- 0.04) x 10(-3) s(-1), Tris-HCl (0.2 M) buffer, pH 7.4 at 37 degrees C) at high ascorbic acid concentration (100-fold with respect to NOMel) and the pH independence of this reaction in the pH range 7-9 indicate that the reactive species are ascorbate and melatonyl radical originated from the reversible homolysis of NOMel. Taking into account kinetic and DFT calculation data, a comprehensive mechanism for the denitrosation of NOMel is proposed. On the basis of our kinetics results, we conclude that under physiological conditions NOMel mainly reacts with endogenous reducing agents (such as ascorbic acid), producing nitric oxide and melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M De Biase
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, P. 3, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kirsch M, de Groot H. First insights into regiospecific transnitrosation reactions between tryptophan derivatives: melatonin as an effective target. J Pineal Res 2005; 38:247-53. [PMID: 15813901 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2004.00200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, a derivative of the essential amino acid tryptophan, has been portrayed as a hormone, a tissue factor, an autocoid, a paracoid, and a vitamin with antioxidative capabilities. In the present study a novel reaction which cannot be attributed to any of these suggested features, i.e. the transfer of the nitroso-function from N-nitrosotryptophan derivatives to melatonin, is unequivocally demonstrated. In the lipophilic buffer dimethylsulfoxide reaction of N-acetyl-N-nitrosotryptophan (NANT) with melatonin was very slow (k = 1.5 x 10(-6)/m/s), but reversible as shown by 15N-NMR spectrometry. These measurements demonstrated also that the thermodynamical equilibrium lies on the side of N-nitrosomelatonin (NOMela). Quantum-chemical calculations performed with the third-generation density functional B97-2 additionally predicted that this is also the case in an aqueous environment. In fact, reaction of melatonin with either NANT or N-nitrosotryptophan located at the endothelin-1 fragment 16-21 yielded NOMela with a rate constant of 1.7 +/- 0.5/m/s as shown by capillary zone electrophoresis. Interestingly, the known reactive nitrogen oxide species scavenger, piperazine, did not inhibit the NANT-dependent nitrosation of melatonin, thus very strongly indicating a direct transnitrosation reaction. All of these capabilities are known from the reaction of S-nitrosothiols with thiolate anions and are believed to be highly important in the transport and targeting of nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kirsch
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Kirsch M, Lehnig M. Generation of peroxynitrite from reaction of N-acetyl-N-nitrosotryptophan with hydrogen peroxide over a wide range of pH values. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:2085-90. [PMID: 15917893 DOI: 10.1039/b502915e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The novel reaction of N-acetyl-N-nitrosotryptophan (NANT) with hydrogen peroxide to yield peroxynitrite is demonstrated. Quantum chemical calculations performed at CBS-QB3 level of theory predicted that the reaction of N-nitrosoindole with both H(2)O(2) and its corresponding anion is thermodynamically feasible. At pH 13, the formation of peroxynitrite from the bimolecular reaction of NANT with H(2)O(2) is unequivocally demonstrated by (15)N NMR spectrometry. In order to prove the intermediacy of peroxynitrite from the NANT-H(2)O(2) system at neutral (7.4) and acidic pH (4.5), the characteristic pattern of CIDNP (chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization) signals were recorded, i.e. enhanced absorption in the (15)N NMR signal of nitrate and emission in the (15)N NMR signal of nitrite. Most interestingly, the NANT-H(2)O(2) system nitrated N-acetyltyrosine at pH 4 via recombination of freely diffusing nitrogen dioxide and tyrosyl radicals, but nitration was negligible at pH 7.4. Since the combination between NANT and H(2)O(2) is slow, endogenous N-nitrosotryptophan residues cannot act as a "carrier" for peroxynitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kirsch
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany.
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