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Liu C, Pan X, Hao Z, Wang X, Wang C, Song G. Resveratrol suppresses hepatic fatty acid synthesis and increases fatty acid β-oxidation via the microRNA-33/SIRT6 signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:326. [PMID: 38979023 PMCID: PMC11229395 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a strong risk factor for numerous diseases. Resveratrol (Res) is a non-flavonoid polyphenol organic compound with multiple biological functions. However, the specific molecular mechanism and its role in hepatic lipid metabolism remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying how Res improves hepatic lipid metabolism by decreasing microRNA-33 (miR-33) levels. First, blood miR-33 expression in participants with hyperlipidemia was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and the results revealed significant upregulation of miR-33 expression in hyperlipidemia. Additionally, after transfection of HepG2 cells with miR-33 mimics or inhibitor, western blot analysis indicated downregulation and upregulation, respectively, of the mRNA and protein expression levels of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6). Luciferase reporter analysis provided further evidence for binding of miR-33 with the SIRT6 3'-untranslated region. Furthermore, the levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), PPARγ-coactivator 1α and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 were increased, while the concentration levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 were decreased when SIRT6 was overexpressed. Notably, Res improved the basic metabolic parameters of mice fed a high-fat diet by regulating the miR-33/SIRT6 signaling pathway. Thus, it was demonstrated that the dysregulation of miR-33 could lead to lipid metabolism disorders, while Res improved lipid metabolism by regulating the expression of miR-33 and its target gene, SIRT6. Thus, Res can be used to prevent or treat hyperlipidemia and associated diseases clinically by suppressing hepatic fatty acid synthesis and increasing fatty acid β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xinyan Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Hao
- Department of Health Care, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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Trejo-Solís C, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Serrano-García N, Silva-Adaya D, Vargas-Cruz S, Chávez-Cortéz EG, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Zavala-Vega S, Cruz-Salgado A, Magaña-Maldonado R. Metabolic Roles of HIF1, c-Myc, and p53 in Glioma Cells. Metabolites 2024; 14:249. [PMID: 38786726 PMCID: PMC11122955 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabolic reprogramming that promotes tumorigenesis in glioblastoma is induced by dynamic alterations in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, as well as in transcriptional and signaling networks, which result in changes in global genetic expression. The signaling pathways PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK stimulate cell metabolism, either directly or indirectly, by modulating the transcriptional factors p53, HIF1, and c-Myc. The overexpression of HIF1 and c-Myc, master regulators of cellular metabolism, is a key contributor to the synthesis of bioenergetic molecules that mediate glioma cell transformation, proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion by modifying the transcription levels of key gene groups involved in metabolism. Meanwhile, the tumor-suppressing protein p53, which negatively regulates HIF1 and c-Myc, is often lost in glioblastoma. Alterations in this triad of transcriptional factors induce a metabolic shift in glioma cells that allows them to adapt and survive changes such as mutations, hypoxia, acidosis, the presence of reactive oxygen species, and nutrient deprivation, by modulating the activity and expression of signaling molecules, enzymes, metabolites, transporters, and regulators involved in glycolysis and glutamine metabolism, the pentose phosphate cycle, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as the synthesis and degradation of fatty acids and nucleic acids. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of HIF1, c-Myc, and p53 in the genic regulatory network for metabolism in glioma cells, as well as potential therapeutic inhibitors of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trejo-Solís
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Laboratorio Clínico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (N.S.-G.); (D.S.-A.); (S.Z.-V.)
| | | | - Norma Serrano-García
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Laboratorio Clínico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (N.S.-G.); (D.S.-A.); (S.Z.-V.)
| | - Daniela Silva-Adaya
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Laboratorio Clínico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (N.S.-G.); (D.S.-A.); (S.Z.-V.)
- Centro de Investigación Sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), Ciudad de Mexico 14330, Mexico
| | - Salvador Vargas-Cruz
- Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal, Camino a Sta. Teresa, Ciudad de Mexico 10700, Mexico;
| | | | - Juan Carlos Gallardo-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico;
| | - Sergio Zavala-Vega
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Laboratorio Clínico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (N.S.-G.); (D.S.-A.); (S.Z.-V.)
| | - Arturo Cruz-Salgado
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico;
| | - Roxana Magaña-Maldonado
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Laboratorio Clínico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (N.S.-G.); (D.S.-A.); (S.Z.-V.)
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Cao T, Wang S, Qian L, Wu C, Huang T, Wang Y, Li Q, Wang J, Xia Y, Xu L, Wang L, Huang X. NPRA promotes fatty acid metabolism and proliferation of gastric cancer cells by binding to PPARα. Transl Oncol 2023; 35:101734. [PMID: 37418841 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Among cancers, gastric cancer (GC) ranks third globally in morbidity and mortality, particularly in East Asia. Natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA), a receptor for guanylate cyclase, plays important roles in regulating water and sodium balance. Recent studies have suggested that NPRA is involved in tumorigenesis, but its role in GC development remains unclear. Herein, we showed that the expression level of NPRA was positively correlated with gastric tumor size and clinical stage. Patients with high NPRA expression had a lower five-year survival rate than those with low expression, and NPRA was identified as an independent predictor of GC prognosis. NPRA knockdown suppressed GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. NPRA overexpression enhanced cell malignant behavior. Immunohistochemistry of collected tumor samples showed that tumors with high NPRA expression had higher peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) levels. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that NPRA promotes fatty acid oxidation and tumor cell metastasis. Co-IP showed that NPRA binds to PPARα and prevents PPARα degradation. PPARα upregulation under NPRA protection activates arnitine palmitoyl transferase 1B (CPT1B) to promote fatty acid oxidation. In this study, new mechanisms by which NPRA promotes the development of GC and new regulatory mechanisms of PPARα were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, No.2, Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, No.2, Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, No.2, Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China; General Surgery Department, Wuhu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Chengwei Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, No.2, Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, No.2, Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, No.2, Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, No.2, Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, No.2, Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Yabin Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, No.2, Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, No.2, Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Luman Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxu Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, No.2, Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China.
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Liu T, Chen X, Wei Z, Han X, Liu Y, Ma Z, Xia T, Gu X. PPARα agonist fenofibrate prevents postoperative cognitive dysfunction by enhancing fatty acid oxidation in mice. Transl Neurosci 2023; 14:20220317. [PMID: 38023298 PMCID: PMC10656729 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to high rates of incidence and disability, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) currently receives a lot of clinical attention. Disturbance of fatty acid oxidation is a potential pathophysiological manifestation underlying POCD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a significant transcription factor of fatty acid oxidation that facilitates the transfer of fatty acids into the mitochondria for oxidation. The potential role of PPARα intervention in POCD warrants consideration. Objective The present study is aimed to investigate whether PPARα agonist fenofibrate (FF) could protect long-term isoflurane anesthesia-induced POCD model and to explore the potential underlying function of fatty acid oxidation in the process. Methods We established the POCD model via 6 h long-term isoflurane anesthesia in vivo with C57BL/6J mice and in vitro with N2a cells. Cells and mice were pretreated with PPARα agonist FF before anesthesia, after which fatty acid oxidation and cognitive function were assessed. The level of fatty acid oxidation-related proteins was determined using western blotting. The contextual fear conditioning test was utilized to evaluate mice's learning and memory. Results Our results showed that 6 h long-term isoflurane anesthesia induced contextual memory damage in mice, accompanied by decreases of fatty acid oxidation-related proteins (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, and PPARα) both in the hippocampus of POCD mice and in N2a cells. In the N2a cell model, pretreatment of PPARα agonist FF led to the upregulation of fatty acid oxidation-related proteins. In vivo results showed that preconditioned FF reached similar effects. More crucially, FF has been shown to reduce cognitive damage in mice after long-term isoflurane anesthesia. Additionally, our data showed that after blocking fatty acid oxidation by Etomoxir, FF failed to protect cognitive function from long-term isoflurane anesthesia. Conclusions Pretreatment of PPARα agonist FF can protect against long-term isoflurane anesthesia-induced POCD by enhancing fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing210008, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinlu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing210008, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqi Wei
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing210008, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing210008, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing210008, China
| | - Tianjiao Xia
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing210008, China
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Liang K. Mitochondrial CPT1A: Insights into structure, function, and basis for drug development. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1160440. [PMID: 37033619 PMCID: PMC10076611 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1160440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnitine Palmitoyl-Transferase1A (CPT1A) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the fatty acid β-oxidation, and its deficiency or abnormal regulation can result in diseases like metabolic disorders and various cancers. Therefore, CPT1A is a desirable drug target for clinical therapy. The deep comprehension of human CPT1A is crucial for developing the therapeutic inhibitors like Etomoxir. CPT1A is an appealing druggable target for cancer therapies since it is essential for the survival, proliferation, and drug resistance of cancer cells. It will help to lower the risk of cancer recurrence and metastasis, reduce mortality, and offer prospective therapy options for clinical treatment if the effects of CPT1A on the lipid metabolism of cancer cells are inhibited. Targeted inhibition of CPT1A can be developed as an effective treatment strategy for cancers from a metabolic perspective. However, the pathogenic mechanism and recent progress of CPT1A in diseases have not been systematically summarized. Here we discuss the functions of CPT1A in health and diseases, and prospective therapies targeting CPT1A. This review summarizes the current knowledge of CPT1A, hoping to prompt further understanding of it, and provide foundation for CPT1A-targeting drug development.
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Liang H, Xu G, Xu P, Zhu J, Li S, Ren M. Dietary Histidine Supplementation Maintained Amino Acid Homeostasis and Reduced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation of Juvenile Largemouth Bass, Micropterus Salmoides. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:4034922. [PMID: 36860443 PMCID: PMC9973202 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4034922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This 56-day research aimed to evaluate the recommended histidine requirement and the influence of dietary histidine levels on the protein and lipid metabolism of juvenile largemouth bass (Mieropterus salmoides). The initial weight of the largemouth bass was 12.33 ± 0.01 g, which was fed with six graded levels of histidine. The results showed that appropriate dietary histidine had a positive effect on growth, with a higher specific growth rate, final weight, weight gain rate, protein efficiency rate, and a lower feed conversion rate and feed intake rate being observed in 1.08-1.48% dietary histidine groups. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of GH, IGF-1, TOR, and S6 showed an increasing trend first and then declined, similar to the trend of the growth and protein content of the whole body composition. Meanwhile, dietary histidine levels could be sensed by the AAR signaling pathway, representing as downregulation of core genes of AAR signaling pathway with the increased dietary histidine levels, including GCN2, eIF2α, CHOP, ATF4, and REDD1. In addition, increased dietary histidine levels decreased the lipid content of the whole body and the liver by upregulating the mRNA levels of core genes of the PPARα signaling pathways, including PPARα, CPT1, L-FABP, and PGC1α. However, increased dietary histidine levels downregulated the mRNA levels of core genes of the PPARγ signaling pathways such as PPARγ, FAS, ACC, SREBP1, and ELOVL2. These findings were also supported by the positive area ratio of hepatic oil red O staining and the TC content of plasma. According to the specific growth rate and feed conversion rate, the recommended histidine requirement of juvenile largemouth bass was 1.26% of the diet (2.68% of dietary protein) by regression lines calculated using a quadratic model. In general, histidine supplementation promoted protein synthesis and lipid decomposition and reduced lipid synthesis by activating the TOR, AAR, PPARα, and PPARγ signaling pathways, which provided a new perspective to solve the fatty liver problem of largemouth bass by nutritional means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Songlin Li
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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Giolito MV, Plateroti M. Thyroid hormone signaling in the intestinal stem cells and their niche. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:476. [PMID: 35947210 PMCID: PMC11072102 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies emphasized the function of the thyroid hormones in stem cell biology. These hormones act through the nuclear hormone receptor TRs, which are T3-modulated transcription factors. Pioneer work on T3-dependent amphibian metamorphosis showed that the crosstalk between the epithelium and the underlying mesenchyme is absolutely required for intestinal maturation and stem cell emergence. With the recent advances of powerful animal models and 3D-organoid cultures, similar findings have now begun to be described in mammals, where the action of T3 and TRα1 control physiological and cancer-related stem cell biology. In this review, we have summarized recent findings on the multiple functions of T3 and TRα1 in intestinal epithelium stem cells, cancer stem cells and their niche. In particular, we have highlighted the regulation of metabolic functions directly linked to normal and/or cancer stem cell biology. These findings help explain other possible mechanisms by which TRα1 controls stem cell biology, beyond the more classical Wnt and Notch signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virginia Giolito
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 3 Avenue Molière 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 3 Avenue Molière 67200, Strasbourg, France.
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Influence of Altered Thyroid Hormone Mechanisms in the Progression of Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080675. [PMID: 35893242 PMCID: PMC9330085 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a systematic review of the mechanisms of thyroid hormones (THs) associated with metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This systematic review was registered under PROSPERO (CRD42022323766). We searched the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Embase databases from their inception to March 2022. We included studies that assessed thyroid function by measuring the serum level of THs and those involved in MAFLD. We excluded reviews, case reports, editorials, letters, duplicate studies and designed controls. Forty-three studies included MAFLD, eleven analyzed THs, and thirty-two evaluated the mechanisms of THs in MAFLD. Thyroid hormones are essential for healthy growth, development and tissue maintenance. In the liver, THs directly influence the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, restoring the homeostatic state of the body. The selected studies showed an association of reduced levels of THs with the development and progression of MAFLD. In parallel, reduced levels of T3 have a negative impact on the activation of co-regulators in the liver, reducing the transcription of genes important in hepatic metabolism. Overall, this is the first review that systematically synthesizes studies focused on the mechanism of THs in the development and progression of MAFLD. The data generated in this systematic review strengthen knowledge of the impact of TH changes on the liver and direct new studies focusing on therapies that use these mechanisms.
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Rutaecarpine Promotes Adipose Thermogenesis and Protects against HFD-Induced Obesity via AMPK/PGC-1α Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040469. [PMID: 35455466 PMCID: PMC9027001 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological activation of adaptive thermogenesis to increase energy expenditure is considered to be a novel strategy for obesity. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), which serves as an inducible co-activator in energy expenditure, is highly expressed in brown adipose tissues (BAT). In this study, we found a PGC-1α transcriptional activator, natural compound rutaecarpine (Rut), which promoted brown adipocytes mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis in vitro. Chronic Rut treatment reduced the body weight gain and mitigated insulin sensitivity through brown and beige adipocyte thermogenesis. Mechanistic study showed that Rut activated the energy metabolic pathway AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/PGC-1α axis, and deficiency of AMPK abolished the beneficial metabolic phenotype of the Rut treatment in vitro and in vivo. In summary, a PGC-1α transcriptional activator Rut was found to activate brown and beige adipose thermogenesis to resist diet-induced obesity through AMPK pathway. Our findings serve as a further understanding of the natural compound in adipose tissue and provides a possible strategy to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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p38 MAPK priming boosts VSMC proliferation and arteriogenesis by promoting PGC1α-dependent mitochondrial dynamics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5938. [PMID: 35396524 PMCID: PMC8994030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is essential for arteriogenesis to restore blood flow after artery occlusion, but the mechanisms underlying this response remain unclear. Based on our previous findings showing increased VSMC proliferation in the neonatal aorta of mice lacking the protease MT4-MMP, we aimed at discovering new players in this process. We demonstrate that MT4-MMP absence boosted VSMC proliferation in vitro in response to PDGF-BB in a cell-autonomous manner through enhanced p38 MAPK activity. Increased phospho-p38 in basal MT4-MMP-null VSMCs augmented the rate of mitochondrial degradation by promoting mitochondrial morphological changes through the co-activator PGC1α as demonstrated in PGC1α−/− VSMCs. We tested the in vivo implications of this pathway in a novel conditional mouse line for selective MT4-MMP deletion in VSMCs and in mice pre-treated with the p38 MAPK activator anisomycin. Priming of p38 MAPK activity in vivo by the absence of the protease MT4-MMP or by anisomycin treatment led to enhanced arteriogenesis and improved flow recovery after femoral artery occlusion. These findings may open new therapeutic opportunities for peripheral vascular diseases.
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Kong S, Cai B, Nie Q. PGC-1α affects skeletal muscle and adipose tissue development by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:621-633. [PMID: 35290519 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and interpretation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) protein in mitochondrial biogenesis, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue development has broad research prospects, so it is important to review the related studies of PGC-1α in detail and comprehensively. PGC-1α is a protein composed of 798 amino acids (aa) with a molecular weight of about 91 kDa. PGC-1α is involved in the operation of the respiratory chain by combining with deacetylase and phosphorylase to bind some nuclear receptors. In addition, PGC-1α affects skeletal muscle and adipose metabolism by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Recently, new data suggest that regulating mitochondrial metabolism in adipose tissue may be an effective adjunct to the treatment of obesity. In addition, dietary resveratrol, which has an effective anti-obesity effect, has been shown to promote mitochondrial biosynthesis by activating AMPK/PGC-1α axis, as well as to regenerate muscle damaged by obesity. In this review, we combined previous studies to explore the latest studies, showing that PGC-1α can regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and is regulated by AMPK and SIRT1. Furthermore, PGC-1α is a favored protein, which not only regulates muscle fiber type, inhibits muscle atrophy, but also participates in browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and regulates body heat production. So, we concluded that PGC-1α is a key gene in mitochondrial biogenesis and plays an important role in the regulation and regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis along with other genes involved in the process. Meanwhile, PGC-1α acts as a core metabolic regulator in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. This review comprehensively summarizes a large number of research findings. First, the role of PGC-1α in mitochondrial biogenesis was clarified, and then the key role of PGC-1α in the development of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was reevaluated. Furthermore, the role of PGC-1α in some human diseases was discussed. Finally, the role of PGC-1α as a major gene in poultry was pointed out, and the future research direction was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofen Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Bolin Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Szczepańska E, Glinicki P, Zgliczyński W, Słowińska-Srzednicka J, Jastrzębska H, Gietka-Czernel M. FGF21 Is Released During Increased Lipogenesis State Following Rapid-Onset Radioiodine-Induced Hypothyroidism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:900034. [PMID: 35909532 PMCID: PMC9329662 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.900034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FGF21 pharmacological treatment reverses fatty liver and lowers serum triglyceride concentration but FGF21 serum level is increased in hepatic steatosis. FGF21 secretion is induced by thyroid hormones in vitro. PURPOSE To determine the influence of thyroid hormones and metabolic changes secondary to thyroid dysfunction on FGF21 secretion in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a case-control study. 82 hyperthyroid and 15 hypothyroid patients were recruited together with 25 healthy controls. Of those with hyperthyroidism, 56 received radioiodine treatment and 42 of them achieved hypothyroidism and then euthyroidism within one year following therapy. Radioiodine-induced hypothyroidism developed abruptly within a six week interval between clinic visits. FGF21 serum levels were determined with an ELISA method. RESULTS Serum FGF21 levels did not differ in hyper- and hypothyroid patients in comparison to controls [median 103.25 (interquartile range, 60.90-189.48) and 86.10 (54.05-251.02) vs 85.20 (58.00-116.80) pg/mL P=0.200 and 0.503, respectively]. In hyperthyroid patients treated with radioiodine, serum FGF21 levels increased significantly in rapid-onset hypothyroidism in comparison to the hyperthyroid and euthyroid phase [median 160.55 (interquartile range, 92.48 - 259.35) vs 119.55 (67.78-192.32) and 104.43 (55.93-231.93) pg/mL, P=0.034 and 0.033, respectively]. The rising serum FGF21 level correlated positively with serum triglycerides (Spearman coefficient rs=0.36, P=0.017) and inversely with serum SHBG (rs=-0.41, P=0.007), but did not correlate with thyroid hormone levels. CONCLUSIONS There was a transient increase in FGF21 serum level during rapid-onset hypothyroidism following radioiodine treatment. There was no association between FGF21 serum level and thyroid hormones. In radioiodine-induced hypothyroidism, the rising serum FGF21 concentration correlated positively with rising serum triglycerides and negatively with falling SHBG, reflecting increased hepatic lipogenesis.
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Sahebnasagh A, Hashemi J, Khoshi A, Saghafi F, Avan R, Faramarzi F, Azimi S, Habtemariam S, Sureda A, Khayatkashani M, Safdari M, Rezai Ghaleno H, Soltani H, Khayat Kashani HR. Aromatic hydrocarbon receptors in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:85-101. [PMID: 34600156 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are ubiquitous membrane-bound organelles that not only play a key role in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and metabolism but also in signaling and apoptosis. Aryl hydrocarbons receptors (AhRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that recognize a wide variety of xenobiotics, including polyaromatic hydrocarbons and dioxins, and activate diverse detoxification pathways. These receptors are also activated by natural dietary compounds and endogenous metabolites. In addition, AhRs can modulate the expression of a diverse array of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and function. The aim of the present review is to analyze scientific data available on the AhR signaling pathway and its interaction with the intracellular signaling pathways involved in mitochondrial functions, especially those related to cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Various evidence have reported the crosstalk between the AhR signaling pathway and the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), tyrosine kinase receptor signaling and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The AhR signaling pathway seems to promote cell cycle progression in the absence of exogenous ligands, whereas the presence of exogenous ligands induces cell cycle arrest. However, its effects on apoptosis are controversial since activation or overexpression of AhR has been observed to induce or inhibit apoptosis depending on the cell type. Regarding the mitochondria, although activation by endogenous ligands is related to mitochondrial dysfunction, the effects of endogenous ligands are not well understood but point towards antiapoptotic effects and inducers of mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleh Sahebnasagh
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Javad Hashemi
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Khoshi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saghafi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Razieh Avan
- Assistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Faramarzi
- Clinical Pharmacy Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Azimi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories and Herbal Analysis Services, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maryam Khayatkashani
- School of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14155-6559 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Safdari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezai Ghaleno
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hosseinali Soltani
- Department of General Surgery, Imam Ali Hospital, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Zhang Y, Sun S, Wang M, Yu W, Chen P, Yuan F, Fang X. Untargeted LC/MS-Based Metabolic Phenotyping of Hypopituitarism in Young Males. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:684869. [PMID: 34305597 PMCID: PMC8295757 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.684869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hypopituitarism (Hypo-Pit) is partial or complete insufficiency of anterior pituitary hormones. Besides hormone metabolism, the global metabolomics in Hypo-Pit are largely unknown. We aimed to explore potential biomarkers to aid in diagnosis and personalized treatment. Methods: Using both univariate and multivariate statistical methods, we identified 72 differentially abundant features through liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry, obtained in 134 males with Hypo-Pit and 90 age matched healthy controls. Results: Hypopituitarism exhibits an increased abundance of metabolites involved in amino acid degradation and glycerophospholipid synthesis, but decreased content of metabolites in steroid hormone synthesis and fatty acid beta-oxidation. Significantly changed metabolites included creatine, creatinine, L-alanine, phosphocholines, androstenedione, hydroprenenolone, and acylcarnitines. In Hypo-Pit patients, the increased ratio of creatine/creatinine suggested reduced creatine uptake and impaired creatine utilization, whereas the decreased level of beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetylcarnitine (C2) and a significantly decreased ratio of decanoylcarnitine (C10) to free carnitine suggested an impaired beta-oxidation. Furthermore, the creatine/creatinine and decanoylcarnitine/carnitine ratio were identified as diagnostic biomarkers for Hypo-Pit with AUCs of 0.976 and 0.988, respectively. Finally, we found that the creatinine and decanoylcarnitine/carnitine ratio could distinguish cases that were sensitive vs. resistant to human chorionic gonadotropin therapy. Conclusion: We provided a global picture of altered metabolic pathways in Hypo-Pit, and the identified biomarkers in creatine metabolism and beta-oxidation might be useful for the preliminary screening and diagnosis of Hypo-Pit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouyue Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Yu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Peizhan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuqian Fang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Nimmakayala RK, Rauth S, Chirravuri Venkata R, Marimuthu S, Nallasamy P, Vengoji R, Lele SM, Rachagani S, Mallya K, Malafa MP, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK. PGC1α-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming Drives the Stemness of Pancreatic Precursor Lesions. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5415-5429. [PMID: 34172498 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic reprogramming and cancer stem cells drive the aggressiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the metabolic and stemness programs of pancreatic precursor lesions (PPL), considered early PDAC development events, have not been thoroughly explored. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Meta-analyses using gene expression profile data from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus and IHC on tissue microarrays (TMA) were performed. The following animal and cellular models were used: cerulean-induced KrasG12D; Pdx1 Cre (KC) acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) mice, KrasG12D; Smad4Loss; Pdx-1 Cre (KCSmad4-) intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) mice, LGKC1 cell line derived from the doxycycline-inducible Gnas IPMN model, and human IPMN organoids. Flow cytometry, Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer, qRT-PCR, and sphere assay were used to analyze metabolic and stemness features. SR18292 was used to inhibit PGC1α, and short hairpin RNA was used to knockdown (KD) PGC1α. RESULTS The meta-analysis revealed a significant upregulation of specific stemness genes in ADM-mediated pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanIN) and IPMN. Meta- and TMA analyses followed by in vitro and in vivo validation revealed that ADM/PanIN exhibit increased PGC1α and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPhos) but reduced CPT1A. IPMN showed elevated PGC1α, fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) gene expression, and FAO-OXPhos. PGC1α was co-overexpressed with its coactivator NRF1 in ADM/PanINs and with PPARγ in IPMN. PGC1α KD or SR18292 inhibited the specific metabolic and stemness features of PPLs and repressed IPMN organoid growth. CONCLUSIONS ADM/PanINs and IPMNs show specific stemness signatures with unique metabolisms. Inhibition of PGC1α using SR18292 diminishes the specific stemness by targeting FAO-independent and FAO-dependent OXPhos of ADM/PanINs and IPMNs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sanchita Rauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ramakanth Chirravuri Venkata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Saravanakumar Marimuthu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Palanisamy Nallasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Subodh M Lele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kavita Mallya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mokenge P Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska. .,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska. .,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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16
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Gerbec ZJ, Hashemi E, Nanbakhsh A, Holzhauer S, Yang C, Mei A, Tsaih SW, Lemke A, Flister MJ, Riese MJ, Thakar MS, Malarkannan S. Conditional Deletion of PGC-1α Results in Energetic and Functional Defects in NK Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101454. [PMID: 32858341 PMCID: PMC7474003 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During an immune response, natural killer (NK) cells activate specific metabolic pathways to meet the increased energetic and biosynthetic demands associated with effector functions. Here, we found in vivo activation of NK cells during Listeria monocytogenes infection-augmented transcription of genes encoding mitochondria-associated proteins in a manner dependent on the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α. Using an Ncr1Cre-based conditional knockout mouse, we found that PGC-1α was crucial for optimal NK cell effector functions and bioenergetics, as the deletion of PGC-1α was associated with decreased cytotoxic potential and cytokine production along with altered ADP/ATP ratios. Lack of PGC-1α also significantly impaired the ability of NK cells to control B16F10 tumor growth in vivo, and subsequent gene expression analysis showed that PGC-1α mediates transcription required to maintain mitochondrial activity within the tumor microenvironment. Together, these data suggest that PGC-1α-dependent transcription of specific target genes is required for optimal NK cell function during the response to infection or tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Gerbec
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Elaheh Hashemi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Arash Nanbakhsh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sandra Holzhauer
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Chao Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ao Mei
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Angela Lemke
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michael J. Flister
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Matthew J. Riese
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Monica S. Thakar
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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17
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Niu JL, Zhang J, Wei LQ, Zhang WJ, Nie CX. Effect of Fermented Cottonseed Meal on the Lipid-Related Indices and Serum Metabolic Profiles in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E930. [PMID: 31703286 PMCID: PMC6912724 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the changes of lipid-related gene and serum metabolites in broiler chickens fed with fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) diet, through quantitative real-time PCR and metabolomics analysis. Totally, 180 1-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly assigned to two groups with six replicates of 15 birds in each. The two diets consisted of a control diet supplemented with 0% FCSM (CON group) and an experimental diet with 6% FCSM (fermented by Candida tropicalis) replacing the soybean meal (FCSM group). The results showed that both abdominal fat content and subcutaneous fat thickness significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in response to dietary FCSM supplementation at the age of 21 d. Serum concentrations of glucose, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (p < 0.05) in FCSM fed broilers compared with CON fed broilers, while the levels of epinephrine and growth hormone in serum, liver and abdominal fat tissue were higher (p < 0.05) in FCSM than in CON fed broilers. The activity of hormone-sensitive esterase and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the liver and abdominal fat were higher (p < 0.05) in FCSM than CON group. Additionally, compared with the CON group (p < 0.05), the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and LPL genes were upregulated in the livers of FCSM group broilers. Gene expressions of hormone-sensitive lipase and LPL in the abdominal fat tissue were also upregulated (p < 0.05) with the broilers fed with FCSM diets. A total of 20 significantly different metabolites were obtained in the serum of different dietary FCSM supplemented fed broilers. The mainly altered pathways were clustered into organic acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. These results not only provide a better understanding of broilers' lipid metabolism with FCSM but also can be helpful in further improvement of the broilers' healthy production and utilization of FCSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Niu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (J.-L.N.); (L.-Q.W.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Lian-Qing Wei
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (J.-L.N.); (L.-Q.W.)
| | - Wen-Ju Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (J.-L.N.); (L.-Q.W.)
| | - Cun-Xi Nie
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (J.-L.N.); (L.-Q.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
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18
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Tributyrin Inhibits Ethanol-Induced Epigenetic Repression of CPT-1A and Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis and Injury. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:569-585. [PMID: 31654770 PMCID: PMC7078548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ethanol-mediated down-regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1A) gene expression plays a major role in the development of hepatic steatosis; however, the underlying mechanisms are not completely elucidated. Tributyrin, a butyrate prodrug that can inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, attenuates hepatic steatosis and injury. The present study examined the beneficial effect of tributyrin/butyrate in attenuating ethanol-induced pathogenic epigenetic mechanisms affecting CPT-1A promoter-histone modifications and gene expression and hepatic steatosis/injury. METHODS Mice were fed a liquid Lieber-DeCarli diet (Research Diet Inc, New Brunswick, NJ) with or without ethanol for 4 weeks. In a subset of mice, tributyrin (2 g/kg) was administered orally by gavage. Primary rat hepatocytes were treated with 50 mmol/L ethanol and/or 2 mmol/L butyrate. Gene expression and epigenetic modifications at the CPT-1A promoter were analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. RESULTS In vivo, ethanol induced hepatic CPT-1A promoter histone H3K9 deacetylation, which is indicative of a repressive chromatin state, and decreased CPT-1A gene expression. Our data identified HDAC1 as the predominant HDAC causing CPT-1A promoter histone H3K9 deacetylation and epigenetic down-regulation of gene expression. Significantly, Specificity Protein 1 (SP1) and Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha (HNF4α) participated in the recruitment of HDAC1 to the proximal and distal regions of CPT-1A promoter, respectively, and mediated transcriptional repression. Importantly, butyrate, a dietary HDAC inhibitor, attenuated ethanol-induced recruitment of HDAC1 and facilitated p300-HAT binding by enabling SP1/p300 interaction at the proximal region and HNF4α/peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α/p300 interactions at the distal region, leading to promoter histone acetylation and enhanced CPT-1A transcription. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies HDAC1-mediated repressive epigenetic mechanisms that underlie an ethanol-mediated decrease in CPT-1A expression. Importantly, tributyrin/butyrate inhibits HDAC1, rescues CPT-1A expression, and attenuates ethanol-mediated hepatic steatosis and injury, suggesting its potential use in therapeutic strategies for alcoholic liver disease.
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19
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Gu L, Larson Casey JL, Andrabi SA, Lee JH, Meza-Perez S, Randall TD, Carter AB. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter regulates PGC-1α expression to mediate metabolic reprogramming in pulmonary fibrosis. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101307. [PMID: 31473487 PMCID: PMC6831865 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with an increased mortality. Metabolic reprogramming has a critical role in multiple chronic diseases. Lung macrophages expressing the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) have a critical role in fibrotic repair, but the contribution of MCU in macrophage metabolism is not known. Here, we show that MCU regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and metabolic reprogramming to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in macrophages. MCU regulated PGC-1α expression by increasing the phosphorylation of ATF-2 by the p38 MAPK in a redox-dependent manner. The expression and activation of PGC-1α via the p38 MAPK was regulated by MCU-mediated mitochondrial calcium uptake, which is linked to increased mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production. Mice harboring a conditional expression of dominant-negative MCU in macrophages had a marked reduction in mtROS and FAO and were protected from pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, IPF lung macrophages had evidence of increased MCU and mitochondrial calcium, increased phosphorylation of ATF2 and p38, as well as increased expression of PGC-1α. These observations suggest that macrophage MCU-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to fibrotic repair after lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Gu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jennifer L Larson Casey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Shaida A Andrabi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Selene Meza-Perez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - A Brent Carter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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20
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Kang Y, Li Y, Du Y, Guo L, Chen M, Huang X, Yang F, Hong J, Kong X. Konjaku flour reduces obesity in mice by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:1631-1643. [PMID: 30242233 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in the intestinal flora composition is referred to as dysbiosis, which is related to obesity development, thus supporting the potential roles of nutrients acting on intestinal flora to exert salutary effects on energetic metabolism of host. Dietary fiber has been known to affect the composition of intestinal flora. The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional effects of konjac flour (KF) on obesity control in respect to improving inflammation, metabolism, and intestinal barrier function, and the possible association of the effects with intestinal flora composition changes. METHODS Mice (n = 30) were randomly divided into control group (n = 10), high-fat-diet (HFD) group (n = 10), and KF intervention group (n = 10), followed by feeding for 12 weeks and with adding a KF daily supplementation for the treatment group. Body weight, fat accumulation, inflammation, and energetic metabolism markers in multiple tissues and the gut microbiota of the mice were examined at the end of the experiment. RESULTS The KF supplementation significantly reduced the gains in weight, fat mass, as well as adipocyte size of HFD mice and lowered the serum TC, leptin (LEP), thiobarbituric acid-reacting substance (TBARS), IL-6, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in HFD mice. KF also upregulated the expression of intestinal mucosa protein gene Intection and tight junction ZO-1 in HFD mice, as well as upregulate the expression of energy metabolism genes PPARα and CPT-1 as well as the fat metabolism gene HLS in livers and fat tissues, and downregulate that of fat synthesis gene PPARγ (p < 0.05). The KF treatment increases the α-diversity and change the β-diversity of the intestinal microflora in HFD mice and boosted the abundances of some obesity-related beneficial microorganisms (such as Megasphaera elsdenii) in the intestinal microflora of HFD mice, while reduced those of harmful microorganisms (such as Alistipes, Alloprevotella, Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Parabacteroides goldsteinii). The abundance of Alistipes was positively correlated with weight, fat mass, serum TC, TG, LEP, IL-6, and LPS contents as well as PPARγ gene expression; while notably and negatively related to the expression of CPT-1 and HLS genes (p < 0.01). KF remarkably increased the abundance of Aerococcaceae, while reduced that of Alistipes finegoldii (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with KF achieves favorable effects on treating obesity, improving inflammatory response, metabolism, and intestinal barrier function, by regulating intestinal microfloral structure in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Kang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Li
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuhui Du
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Liqiong Guo
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinwei Huang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Nutrition Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingan Hong
- Nutrition Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiangyang Kong
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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21
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Du Q, Tan Z, Shi F, Tang M, Xie L, Zhao L, Li Y, Hu J, Zhou M, Bode A, Luo X, Cao Y. PGC1α/CEBPB/CPT1A axis promotes radiation resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through activating fatty acid oxidation. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2050-2062. [PMID: 30945396 PMCID: PMC6550130 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The PPAR coactivator-1α (PGC1α) is an important transcriptional co-activator in control of fatty acid metabolism. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the primary pathway for the degradation of fatty acids and promotes NADPH and ATP production. Our previous study demonstrated that upregulation of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 A (CPT1A), the key regulator of FAO, promotes radiation resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we found that high expression of PGC1α is associated with poor overall survival in NPC patients after radiation treatment. Targeting PGC1α could sensitize NPC cells to radiotherapy. Mechanically, PGC1α binds to CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (CEBPB), a member of the transcription factor family of CEBP, to promote CPT1A transcription, resulting in activation of FAO. Our results revealed that the PGC1α/CEBPB/CPT1A/FAO signaling axis promotes radiation resistance of NPC. These findings indicate that the expression of PGC1α could be a prognostic indicator of NPC, and targeting FAO in NPC with high expression of PGC1α might improve the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute School of Basic Medicine Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Zheqiong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute School of Basic Medicine Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute School of Basic Medicine Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute School of Basic Medicine Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Longlong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute School of Basic Medicine Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute School of Basic Medicine Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Yueshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute School of Basic Medicine Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute School of Basic Medicine Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute School of Basic Medicine Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Ann Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute School of Basic Medicine Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute School of Basic Medicine Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center for Technologies of Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,National Joint Engineering Research Center for Genetic Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Changsha, China
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22
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Thomas LW, Ashcroft M. Exploring the molecular interface between hypoxia-inducible factor signalling and mitochondria. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1759-1777. [PMID: 30767037 PMCID: PMC6453877 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is required for the survival of the majority of eukaryotic organisms, as it is important for many cellular processes. Eukaryotic cells utilize oxygen for the production of biochemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generated from the catabolism of carbon-rich fuels such as glucose, lipids and glutamine. The intracellular sites of oxygen consumption-coupled ATP production are the mitochondria, double-membraned organelles that provide a dynamic and multifaceted role in cell signalling and metabolism. Highly evolutionarily conserved molecular mechanisms exist to sense and respond to changes in cellular oxygen levels. The primary transcriptional regulators of the response to decreased oxygen levels (hypoxia) are the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which play important roles in both physiological and pathophysiological contexts. In this review we explore the relationship between HIF-regulated signalling pathways and the mitochondria, including the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism, biogenesis and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W Thomas
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Margaret Ashcroft
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK.
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23
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Xu JQ, Xu XM, Bi ZQ, Shi LL, Cao J, Zhao ZJ. The less weight loss due to modest food restriction drove more fat accumulation in striped hamsters refed with high-fat diet. Horm Behav 2019; 110:19-28. [PMID: 30790562 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Food restriction (FR) has been commonly used to decrease body fat, reducing the risk of overweight in humans and animals. However, the lost weight has been shown to be followed by overweight when food restriction ends. It remains uncertain whether the weight loss drives the overweight, or not. In the present study, striped hamsters were restricted by 15%, 30% and 40% of ad libitum food intake for 2 weeks, followed by high-fat refeeding for 6 weeks (FR15%-Re, FR30%-Re and FR40%-Re). The hamsters in FR15%, FR30% and FR40% groups decreased by 21.1%, 37.8% and 50.0% in fat mass (P < 0.01), and 16.8%, 42.8% and 53.4% in leptin levels (P < 0.01) compared with the hamsters fed ad libitum. The FR15%-Re, FR30%-Re and FR40%-Re groups showed 77.0%, 37.2% and 23.7% more body fat than ad libitum group (P < 0.01). The FR15%-Re group showed considerable decreases in gene expression of arcuate nucleus co-expressing proopiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine - and amphetamineregulated transcript (CART) and the long isoform of leptin receptor (LepRb) in the hypothalamus and of several genes associated with fatty acid transport to mitochondria and β-oxidation in brown adipose tissue and liver. It suggests that less weight loss is likely to drive more fat accumulation when food restriction ends, in which the impaired function of LepRb, POMC and CART in the brain and fatty acid oxidation in brown adipose tissue and liver may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhong-Qiang Bi
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lu-Lu Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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24
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Sato T, Muramatsu N, Ito Y, Yamamoto Y, Nagasawa T. L-Lysine Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 64:192-199. [PMID: 29962430 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.64.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis is a phenotype of metabolic syndrome, and aging is a risk factor for this condition. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) is a murine model for studying aging-associated disorders. We here investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with L-lysine (Lys) on non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis in SAMP8 mice. Triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (Chol) accumulated in the livers of SAMP8 mice fed a standard diet at 36 wk of age. However, intake of a Lys-rich diet for 2 mo prevented the accumulation of TG and Chol in the liver. Plasma alanine aminotransferase activity, an index of liver injury, was decreased by Lys. The mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, which regulate β-oxidation, were increased in the livers of SAMP8 mice fed the Lys-rich diet. Taken together, our study suggests dietary intake of Lys prevents hepatic steatosis by stimulating β-oxidation in SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sato
- Department of Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University
| | - Nao Muramatsu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Iwate University
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Iwate University
| | - Yoshio Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Department of Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Iwate University
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25
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Singh BK, Sinha RA, Yen PM. Novel Transcriptional Mechanisms for Regulating Metabolism by Thyroid Hormone. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3284. [PMID: 30360449 PMCID: PMC6214012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormone plays a key role in energy and nutrient metabolisms in many tissues and regulates the transcription of key genes in metabolic pathways. It has long been believed that thyroid hormones (THs) exerted their effects primarily by binding to nuclear TH receptors (THRs) that are associated with conserved thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) located on the promoters of target genes. However, recent transcriptome and ChIP-Seq studies have challenged this conventional view as discordance was observed between TH-responsive genes and THR binding to DNA. While THR association with other transcription factors bound to DNA, TH activation of THRs to mediate effects that do not involve DNA-binding, or TH binding to proteins other than THRs have been invoked as potential mechanisms to explain this discrepancy, it appears that additional novel mechanisms may enable TH to regulate the mRNA expression. These include activation of transcription factors by SIRT1 via metabolic actions by TH, the post-translational modification of THR, the THR co-regulation of transcription with other nuclear receptors and transcription factors, and the microRNA (miR) control of RNA transcript expression to encode proteins involved in the cellular metabolism. Together, these novel mechanisms enlarge and diversify the panoply of metabolic genes that can be regulated by TH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Rohit Anthony Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Paul Michael Yen
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) as an inherited neurodegenerative disorder leads to neuronal loss in striatum. Progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disturbance are the main clinical symptoms of the HD. This disease is caused by expansion of the CAG repeats in exon 1 of the huntingtin which encodes Huntingtin protein (Htt). Various cellular and molecular events play role in the pathology of HD. Mitochondria as important organelles play crucial roles in the most of neurodegenerative disorders like HD. Critical roles of the mitochondria in neurons are ATP generation, Ca2+ buffering, ROS generation, and antioxidant activity. Neurons as high-demand energy cells closely related to function, maintenance, and dynamic of mitochondria. In the most neurological disorders, mitochondrial activities and dynamic are disrupted which associate with high ROS level, low ATP generation, and apoptosis. Accumulation of mutant huntingtin (mHtt) during this disease may evoke mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we review recent findings to support this hypothesis that mHtt could cause mitochondrial defects. In addition, by focusing normal huntingtin functions in neurons, we purpose mitochondria and Huntingtin association in normal condition. Moreover, mHtt affects various cellular signaling which ends up to mitochondrial biogenesis. So, it could be a potential candidate to decline ATP level in HD. We conclude how mitochondrial biogenesis plays a central role in the neuronal survival and activity and how mHtt affects mitochondrial trafficking, maintenance, integrity, function, dynamics, and hemostasis and makes neurons vulnerable to degeneration in HD.
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27
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Impact of Aging and Exercise on Mitochondrial Quality Control in Skeletal Muscle. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3165396. [PMID: 28656072 PMCID: PMC5471566 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3165396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are characterized by its pivotal roles in managing energy production, reactive oxygen species, and calcium, whose aging-related structural and functional deteriorations are observed in aging muscle. Although it is still unclear how aging alters mitochondrial quality and quantity in skeletal muscle, dysregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamic controls has been suggested as key players for that. In this paper, we summarize current understandings on how aging regulates muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, while focusing on transcriptional regulations including PGC-1α, AMPK, p53, mtDNA, and Tfam. Further, we review current findings on the muscle mitochondrial dynamic systems in aging muscle: fusion/fission, autophagy/mitophagy, and protein import. Next, we also discuss how endurance and resistance exercises impact on the mitochondrial quality controls in aging muscle, suggesting possible effective exercise strategies to improve/maintain mitochondrial health.
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28
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Wang Q, Tian Q, Song X, Liu Y, Li W. SNCA Gene Polymorphism may Contribute to an Increased Risk of Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2016; 30:1092-1099. [PMID: 27184464 PMCID: PMC6807080 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to elucidate the association between α-synuclein (SNCA) polymorphisms and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS The PCR-RFLP was applied to detect SNCA gene rs6532190, rs3775430, and rs10516846 polymorphisms in 98 AD patients and 105 healthy elderly. RESULTS The GG frequency of rs10516846 was evidently increased in AD group than control group (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in SNCA level between the AD and control groups (P < 0.01). In the AD group, the SNCA level in cerebrospinal fluid of GG (rs10516846) carriers was increased as compared with AA carriers (P < 0.05). The GG (rs10516846) frequency of the early-onset AD group is significantly higher than that of the late-onset AD group (P < 0.05). The frequency of rs3775430 GG was lower in the early-onset group than that in the late-onset group (0% vs. 16.7%). The SNCA level in cerebrospinal fluid of GG (rs10516846) carriers in the early-onset AD group is higher than that of AA carriers (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION SNCA gene polymorphism may be associated with an increased risk of AD and GG genotype of rs10516846 and elevated SNCA level in CSF may increase the risk of early-onset AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanbao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Tian
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaojie Song
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yunyong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, China.
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29
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Kamimura N, Ichimiya H, Iuchi K, Ohta S. Molecular hydrogen stimulates the gene expression of transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α to enhance fatty acid metabolism. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2016; 2:16008. [PMID: 28721265 PMCID: PMC5515010 DOI: 10.1038/npjamd.2016.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that molecular hydrogen (H2) acts as a novel antioxidant to exhibit multiple functions. Moreover, long-term drinking of H2-water (water infused with H2) enhanced energy expenditure to improve obesity and diabetes in db/db mice accompanied by the increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) by an unknown mechanism. H2 was ingested by drinking of H2-water or by oral administration of an H2-producing material, MgH2. The comprehensive gene expression profile in the liver of db/db mice was analyzed by DNA microarray. The molecular mechanisms underlying the gene expression profile was investigated using cultured HepG2 cells. Moreover, the effects on lifespan of drinking H2-water were examined using wild-type mice that were fed a fatty diet. Pathway analyses based on comprehensive gene expression revealed the increased expression of various genes involved in fatty acid and steroid metabolism. As a transcription pathway, the PPARα signaling pathway was identified to upregulate their genes by ingesting H2. As an early event, the gene expression of PGC-1α was transiently increased, followed by increased expression of FGF21. The expression of PGC-1α might be regulated indirectly through sequential regulation by H2, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and Akt/FoxO1 signaling, as suggested in cultured cell experiments. In wild-type mice fed the fatty diet, H2-water improved the level of plasma triglycerides and extended their average of lifespan. H2 induces expression of the PGC-1α gene, followed by stimulation of the PPARα pathway that regulates FGF21, and the fatty acid and steroid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Kamimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Development and Aging Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki-city, Japan
| | - Harumi Ichimiya
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Development and Aging Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki-city, Japan
| | - Katsuya Iuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Development and Aging Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki-city, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ohta
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Development and Aging Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki-city, Japan.,Department of Neuroregenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Tan Z, Luo X, Xiao L, Tang M, Bode AM, Dong Z, Cao Y. The Role of PGC1α in Cancer Metabolism and its Therapeutic Implications. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:774-82. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Update on the molecular biology of dyslipidemias. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 454:143-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Goldstein I, Hager GL. Transcriptional and Chromatin Regulation during Fasting - The Genomic Era. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:699-710. [PMID: 26520657 PMCID: PMC4673016 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An elaborate metabolic response to fasting is orchestrated by the liver and is heavily reliant on transcriptional regulation. In response to hormones (glucagon, glucocorticoids) many transcription factors (TFs) are activated and regulate various genes involved in metabolic pathways aimed at restoring homeostasis: gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, and amino acid shuttling. We summarize recent discoveries regarding fasting-related TFs with an emphasis on genome-wide binding patterns. Collectively, the findings we discuss reveal a large degree of cooperation between TFs during fasting that occurs at motif-rich DNA sites bound by a combination of TFs. These new findings implicate transcriptional and chromatin regulation as major determinants of the response to fasting and unravels the complex, multi-TF nature of this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Goldstein
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, The National Cancer Institute, The National institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Gordon L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, The National Cancer Institute, The National institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Jodeiri Farshbaf M, Ghaedi K, Megraw TL, Curtiss J, Shirani Faradonbeh M, Vaziri P, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Does PGC1α/FNDC5/BDNF Elicit the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Neurodegenerative Disorders? Neuromolecular Med 2015; 18:1-15. [PMID: 26611102 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-015-8370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases have high prevalence among the elderly. Many strategies have been established to alleviate the symptoms experienced by affected individuals. Recent studies have shown that exercise helps patients with neurological disorders to regain lost physical abilities. PGC1α/FNDC5/BDNF has emerged recently as a critical pathway for neuroprotection. PGC1α is a highly conserved co-activator of transcription factors that preserves and protects neurons against destruction. PGC1α regulates FNDC5 and its processed and secreted peptide Irisin, which has been proposed to play a critical role in energy expenditure and to promote neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. FNDC5 may also increase the expression of the neurotrophic factor BDNF, a neuroprotective agent, in the hippocampus. BDNF is secreted from hippocampus, amygdala, cerebral cortex and hypothalamus neurons and initiates intracellular signaling pathways through TrkB receptors. These pathways have positive feedback on CREB activities and lead to enhancement in PGC1α expression in neurons. Therefore, FNDC5 could behave as a key regulator in neuronal survival and development. This review presents recent findings on the PGC1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway and its role in neuroprotection, and discusses the controversial promise of irisin as a mediator of the positive benefits of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jodeiri Farshbaf
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan Street, Salman Street, Khorasgan, Isfahan, 8165131378, Iran.,Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezarjerib Street, Azadi Square, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran.,Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan Street, Salman Street, Khorasgan, Isfahan, 8165131378, Iran. .,Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezarjerib Street, Azadi Square, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran.
| | - Timothy L Megraw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4300, USA.
| | - Jennifer Curtiss
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Mahsa Shirani Faradonbeh
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezarjerib Street, Azadi Square, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran
| | - Pooneh Vaziri
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan Street, Salman Street, Khorasgan, Isfahan, 8165131378, Iran.
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Planchais J, Boutant M, Fauveau V, Qing LD, Sabra-Makke L, Bossard P, Vasseur-Cognet M, Pégorier JP. The role of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II in the regulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis in newborn mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E868-78. [PMID: 25783893 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00433.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) is an orphan nuclear receptor involved in the control of numerous functions in various organs (organogenesis, differentiation, metabolic homeostasis, etc.). The aim of the present work was to characterize the regulation and contribution of COUP-TFII in the control of hepatic fatty acid and glucose metabolisms in newborn mice. Our data show that postnatal increase in COUP-TFII mRNA levels is enhanced by glucagon (via cAMP) and PPARα. To characterize COUP-TFII function in the liver of suckling mice, we used a functional (dominant negative form; COUP-TFII-DN) and a genetic (shRNA) approach. Adenoviral COUP-TFII-DN injection induces a profound hypoglycemia due to the inhibition of gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation secondarily to reduced PEPCK, Gl-6-Pase, CPT I, and mHMG-CoA synthase gene expression. Using the crossover plot technique, we show that gluconeogenesis is inhibited at two different levels: 1) pyruvate carboxylation and 2) trioses phosphate synthesis. This could result from a decreased availability in fatty acid oxidation arising cofactors such as acetyl-CoA and reduced equivalents. Similar results are observed using the shRNA approach. Indeed, when fatty acid oxidation is rescued in response to Wy-14643-induced PPARα target genes (CPT I and mHMG-CoA synthase), blood glucose is normalized in COUP-TFII-DN mice. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that postnatal increase in hepatic COUP-TFII gene expression is involved in the regulation of liver fatty acid oxidation, which in turn sustains an active hepatic gluconeogenesis that is essential to maintain an appropriate blood glucose level required for newborn mice survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Planchais
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; and
| | - Marie Boutant
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; and
| | - Véronique Fauveau
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; and
| | - Lou Dan Qing
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; and Laboratoires Fabre, Boulogne Cedex, France
| | - Lina Sabra-Makke
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; and
| | - Pascale Bossard
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; and
| | - Mireille Vasseur-Cognet
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; and
| | - Jean-Paul Pégorier
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; and
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Xia SF, Duan XM, Hao LY, Li LT, Cheng XR, Xie ZX, Qiao Y, Li LR, Tang X, Shi YH, Le GW. Role of thyroid hormone homeostasis in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant mice fed a high-fat diet. Metabolism 2015; 64:566-79. [PMID: 25669855 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact mechanism for different propensities to obesity when consuming a high-fat diet (HFD) is largely unknown. Thyroid hormone (TH) is an important modulator of energy homeostasis and body weight. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to find the potential mechanisms of TH in the development of obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) mice after short-term and long-term HFD feeding. METHODS C57Bl/6 male mice were randomly divided into two groups: a low-fat diet (LFD) group and an HFD group. In the 7th week, HFD-fed mice were classified as OP or OR according to upper and lower tertiles of body weight. Half of the mice were sacrificed at this time point and the remaining mice were kept on feeding and sacrificed in the 27th week. Indirect calorimetry was performed. At harvest, serum was used for ELISA assays and oxidative stress biomarkers determination. Tissues were dissected for deiodinases activity and relative mRNA expression determination, as well as antioxidant capacity evaluation. RESULTS In the 7th week, OP mice showed a significant body weight gain, decreased energy expenditure (EE), normal circulating TH levels, and activated HPT axis, whereas OR mice had normal body weight and maintained T(3) levels only through enhancing hepatic D1 activity. In the 27th week, OR mice gained more body weight than LFD mice accompanied by an activation of HPT axis and decreased hepatic deiodination. Genes involved in TH production were down-regulated in OP mice and up-regulated in OR mice. Changes in deiodinases activity and thyroid function were related with redox status in specific tissues. Furthermore, OP mice had more serious hepatic steatosis than OR mice, with up-regulation of T(3) target genes (e.g. Srebp1c, Acc1, Fasn) involved in lipid synthesis and down-regulation of Pgc1α, Cyp7a1 and Cpt1α. CONCLUSIONS HPT axis function and deiodinases activity might be involved in different propensities to obesity and the ability of OR mice to resist obesity was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li-Yue Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li-Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong-Hui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guo-Wei Le
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Shen Z, Liu C, Liu P, Zhao J, Xu W. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in Hep G2 cells by activating Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:541-8. [PMID: 24293320 PMCID: PMC4041936 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a potent bioactive phospholipid, has been reported to regulate a broad spectrum of biological processes. However, little is known regarding S1P's effects on mitochondrial function. In this study, we investigated the S1P's effects on the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway and mitochondrial biogenesis in Hep G2 cells. Our results indicate that administration of S1P leads to a significant upregulation of mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription, increased mitochondrial mass, and elevated adenosine triphosphate synthesis. In addition, we found that treatment with S1P stimulates expression of PGC-1α, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as its downstream targets: nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Moreover, our data demonstrate that S1P's effects on PGC-1α and mitochondrial biogenesis are mediated by the protein kinase A/cAMP response element-binding protein (PKA/CREB) pathway. Importantly, we also revealed that S1P's effects on mitochondrial biogenesis are dependent on its type 2 receptor (S1P2), though not on either its type 1 (S1P1) or type 3 (S1P3) receptors. Based on these observations, we concluded that S1P activates the PKA/CREB pathway through S1P2, which then promotes expression of PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM and subsequent mitochondrial biogenesis in Hep G2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Shen
- />Clinical Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chong Liu
- />The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, No. 465 Yuhe Road, Kuiwen District, Weifang City, 261031 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingping Liu
- />The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, No. 465 Yuhe Road, Kuiwen District, Weifang City, 261031 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- />The 89th Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Weifang, China
| | - Wanpeng Xu
- />The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, No. 465 Yuhe Road, Kuiwen District, Weifang City, 261031 Shandong People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is required for normal development as well as regulating metabolism in the adult. The thyroid hormone receptor (TR) isoforms, α and β, are differentially expressed in tissues and have distinct roles in TH signaling. Local activation of thyroxine (T4), to the active form, triiodothyronine (T3), by 5'-deiodinase type 2 (D2) is a key mechanism of TH regulation of metabolism. D2 is expressed in the hypothalamus, white fat, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle and is required for adaptive thermogenesis. The thyroid gland is regulated by thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). In addition to TRH/TSH regulation by TH feedback, there is central modulation by nutritional signals, such as leptin, as well as peptides regulating appetite. The nutrient status of the cell provides feedback on TH signaling pathways through epigentic modification of histones. Integration of TH signaling with the adrenergic nervous system occurs peripherally, in liver, white fat, and BAT, but also centrally, in the hypothalamus. TR regulates cholesterol and carbohydrate metabolism through direct actions on gene expression as well as cross-talk with other nuclear receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), liver X receptor (LXR), and bile acid signaling pathways. TH modulates hepatic insulin sensitivity, especially important for the suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis. The role of TH in regulating metabolic pathways has led to several new therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders. Understanding the mechanisms and interactions of the various TH signaling pathways in metabolism will improve our likelihood of identifying effective and selective targets.
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Thyroid hormone status regulates the expression of secretory phospholipases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:56-62. [PMID: 24440706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) stimulates various metabolic pathways and the hepatic actions of T3 are mediated primarily through the thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRβ). Hypothyroidism has been linked with low grade inflammation, elevated risk of hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis. Secretory phospholipases (sPLA2) are associated with inflammation, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Due to potential linkage between thyroid hormone and sPLA2, we investigated the effect of thyroid hormone status on the regulation of secretory phospholipases in mice, rats and human liver. T3 suppressed the expression of the sPLA2 group IIa (PLA2g2a) gene in the liver of BALB/c mice and C57BL/6 transgenic mice expressing the human PLA2g2a. PLA2g2a was elevated with hypothyroidism and high fat diets which may contribute to the low grade inflammation associated with hypothyroidism and diet induced obesity. We also examined the effects of the TRβ agonist eprotirome on hepatic gene regulation. We observed that eprotirome inhibited the expression of selected sPLA2 genes and furthermore the cytokine mediated induction PLA2g2a was suppressed. In addition, eprotirome induced genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol clearance while inhibiting lipogenic genes. Our results indicate that in vivo thyroid hormone status regulates the abundance of sPLA2 and the inhibition of PLA2g2a by T3 is conserved across species. By regulating sPLA2 genes, T3 may impact processes associated with atherosclerosis and inflammation and TRβ agonists may ameliorate inflammation and hyperlipidemia.
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Kirpich I, Zhang J, Gobejishvili L, Kharebava G, Barker D, Ghare S, Joshi-Barve S, McClain CJ, Barve S. Binge ethanol-induced HDAC3 down-regulates Cpt1α expression leading to hepatic steatosis and injury. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37:1920-9. [PMID: 23905631 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we have demonstrated that acute alcohol exposure due to binge drinking leads to hepatic steatosis with the deregulation of hepatic histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression. Various class I, II, and IV HDACs were down-regulated, whereas expression of HDAC3 was solely up-regulated. Hence, in the present work, we specifically examined the mechanistic role of HDAC3 in the development of hepatic steatosis occurring in response to binge alcohol administration. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were gavaged 3 times with ethanol (EtOH) at a dose of 4.5 g/kg. HDAC inhibitor, Trichostatin A (TSA) was simultaneously injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Hepatic steatosis, injury, expression of HDAC3 and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (CPT1α) were evaluated. HDAC3 and histone H3 acetylation levels at the Cpt1α promoter were analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). RESULTS The binge EtOH-mediated increase in HDAC3 was prevented by simultaneous administration of HDAC inhibitor, TSA, which markedly attenuated hepatic steatosis and injury. Importantly, HDAC3 inhibition was able to normalize the down-regulation of Cpt1α expression. Causal role of HDAC3 in the transcriptional repression of Cpt1α was demonstrated by increased HDAC3 binding at the thyroid receptor element site in the Cpt1α distal promoter region. Further, a resultant decrease in the transcriptionally permissive histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation in the proximal promoter region near the transcriptional start site was observed. Notably, TSA treatment reduced HDAC3 binding and increased H3K9 acetylation at Cpt1α promoter leading to increased Cpt1α expression. These molecular events resulted in attenuation of binge alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide insights into potential epigenetic mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation of Cpt1α in the hepatic steatosis occurring in response to binge EtOH administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition , Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center , Louisville, Kentucky
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Suh JH, Sieglaff DH, Zhang A, Xia X, Cvoro A, Winnier GE, Webb P. SIRT1 is a direct coactivator of thyroid hormone receptor β1 with gene-specific actions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70097. [PMID: 23922917 PMCID: PMC3724829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) NAD+-dependent deacetylase regulates energy metabolism by modulating expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and other liver fasting responses. While many effects of SIRT1 on gene expression are mediated by deacetylation and activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor coactivator α (PGC-1α), SIRT1 also binds directly to DNA bound transcription factors, including nuclear receptors (NRs), to modulate their activity. Since thyroid hormone receptor β1 (TRβ1) regulates several SIRT1 target genes in liver and interacts with PGC-1α, we hypothesized that SIRT1 may influence TRβ1. Here, we confirm that SIRT1 cooperates with PGC-1α to enhance response to triiodothyronine, T3. We also find, however, that SIRT1 stimulates TRβ1 activity in a manner that is independent of PGC-1α but requires SIRT1 deacetylase activity. SIRT1 interacts with TRβ1 in vitro, promotes TRβ1 deacetylation in the presence of T3 and enhances ubiquitin-dependent TRβ1 turnover; a common response of NRs to activating ligands. More surprisingly, SIRT1 knockdown only strongly inhibits T3 response of a subset of TRβ1 target genes, including glucose 6 phosphatase (G-6-Pc), and this is associated with blockade of TRβ1 binding to the G-6-Pc promoter. Drugs that target the SIRT1 pathway, resveratrol and nicotinamide, modulate T3 response at dual TRβ1/SIRT1 target genes. We propose that SIRT1 is a gene-specific TRβ1 co-regulator and TRβ1/SIRT1 interactions could play important roles in regulation of liver metabolic response. Our results open possibilities for modulation of subsets of TR target genes with drugs that influence the SIRT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ho Suh
- Genomic Medicine Program, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Douglas H. Sieglaff
- Genomic Medicine Program, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Genomic Medicine Program, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xuefeng Xia
- Genomic Medicine Program, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aleksandra Cvoro
- Genomic Medicine Program, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Glenn E. Winnier
- Genomic Medicine Program, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paul Webb
- Genomic Medicine Program, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Iwen KA, Schröder E, Brabant G. Thyroid hormones and the metabolic syndrome. Eur Thyroid J 2013; 2:83-92. [PMID: 24783045 PMCID: PMC3821514 DOI: 10.1159/000351249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clustering of various metabolic parameters including abdominal obesity, hyperglycaemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated triglycerides and hypertension have been used worldwide as metabolic syndrome to predict cardiometabolic risk. Thyroid dysfunction impacts on various levels of these components. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present review is to summarize available data on thyroid hormone-dependent action on components of the metabolic syndrome. METHODS A PubMed search for any combination of hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis or hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome, blood pressure, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, diabetes mellitus, body weight or visceral fat was performed. We included papers and reviews published between 2000 and today but accepted also frequently cited papers before 2000. RESULTS There is convincing evidence for a major impact of thyroid function on all components of the metabolic syndrome, reflecting profound alterations of energy homeostasis at many levels. CONCLUSION Even though the interactions shown in animal models and man are complex, it is evident that insulin sensitivity is highest and adverse thyroid effects on the metabolic system are lowest in euthyroid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Alexander Iwen
- Medizinische Klinik I, Experimentelle und Klinische Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Erich Schröder
- Medizinische Klinik I, Experimentelle und Klinische Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Georg Brabant
- Medizinische Klinik I, Experimentelle und Klinische Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, The Christie Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- *Georg Brabant, Medizinische Klinik I, Experimentelle und Klinische Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, DE-23538 Lübeck (Germany), E-Mail
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Sharma P, Thakran S, Deng X, Elam MB, Park EA. Nuclear corepressors mediate the repression of phospholipase A2 group IIa gene transcription by thyroid hormone. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16321-16333. [PMID: 23629656 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.445569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 group IIa (PLA2g2a) is associated with inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and atherogenesis. Transcription of the PLA2g2a gene is induced by multiple cytokines. Here, we report the surprising observation that thyroid hormone (T3) inhibited PLA2g2a gene expression in human and rat hepatocytes as well as in rat liver. Moreover, T3 reduced the cytokine-mediated induction of PLA2g2a, suggesting that the thyroid status may modulate aspects of the inflammatory response. In an effort to dissect the mechanism of repression by T3, we cloned the PLA2g2a gene and identified a negative T3 response element in the promoter. This T3 receptor (TRβ)-binding site differed considerably from consensus T3 stimulatory elements. Using in vitro and in vivo binding assays, we found that TRβ bound directly to the PLA2g2a promoter as a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor. Knockdown of nuclear corepressor or silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid receptors by siRNA blocked the T3 inhibition of PLA2g2a. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we showed that nuclear corepressor and silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid receptors were associated with the PLA2g2a gene in the presence of T3. In contrast with the established role of T3 to promote coactivator association with TRβ, our experiments demonstrate a novel inverse recruitment mechanism in which liganded TRβ recruits corepressors to inhibit PLA2g2a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Shalini Thakran
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Xiong Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Marshall B Elam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Edwards A Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163.
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Venditti P, Di Stefano L, Di Meo S. Mitochondrial metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:71-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Viljoen CD, Thompson GG, Sreenivasan S. Stability of ultramer as copy number standards in real-time PCR. Gene 2013; 516:143-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3,5-Diiodo-L-thyronine administration to hypothyroid rats rapidly enhances fatty acid oxidation rate and bioenergetic parameters in liver cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52328. [PMID: 23308110 PMCID: PMC3537720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that, among triiodothyronine derivatives, 3,5 diiodo-L-thyronine (T(2)) plays an important role in energy metabolism and fat storage. In the present study, short-term effects of T(2) administration to hypothyroid rats on fatty acid oxidation rate and bioenergetic parameters were investigated. Within 1 h following T(2) injection, state 3 and state 4 respiration rates, which were reduced in hypothyroid mitochondria, were noticeably increased particularly in succinate- with respect to glutamate/malate-energized mitochondria. Maximal respiratory activity, observed when glutamate/malate/succinate were simultaneously present in the respiratory medium, was significantly stimulated by T(2) treatment. A T(2)-induced increase in respiratory rates was also observed when palmitoyl-CoA or L-palmitoylcarnitine were used as substrates. No significant change in respiratory control index and ADP/O ratio was observed. The activities of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, especially Complex II, were increased in T(2)-treated rats. In the latter, Complex V activities, assayed in both ATP synthesis and hydrolysis direction, were enhanced. The rate of fatty acid oxidation, followed by conversion of [(14)C]palmitate to CO(2) and ketone bodies, was higher in hepatocytes isolated from T(2)-treated rats. This increase occurs in parallel with the raise in the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I, the rate limiting enzyme of fatty acid β-oxidation, assayed in situ in digitonin-permeabilized hepatocytes. Overall, these results indicate that T(2) rapidly increases the ability of mitochondria to import and oxidize fatty acids. An emerging idea in the literature is the ability of T(2) to reduce adiposity and dyslipidemia and to prevent the development in liver steatosis. The results of the present study, showing a rapid T(2)-induced increase in the ability of mitochondria to import and oxidize fatty acids, may contribute to understand the biochemical mechanisms of T(2)-metabolic effects.
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Yuan C, Nguyen P, Baxter JD, Webb P. Distinct ligand-dependent and independent modes of thyroid hormone receptor (TR)/PGC-1α interaction. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 133:58-65. [PMID: 22974658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor (TR)/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor coactivator (PGC-1α) interactions are required for T(3)-dependent transcriptional responses involved in adaptive thermogenesis and liver. Thus, it is important to define TR/PGC-1α contact modes and to understand their significance in gene expression. Previous studies have shown that TRβ1 recruits PGC-1α to target promoters via contacts between the hormone-dependent TRβ1 activation function 2 (AF-2) in the C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD) and a major PGC-1α nuclear receptor (NR) interaction box (consensus LxxLL) at amino acids 142-146. While our studies verify the existence and importance of this interaction, we present evidence that TRβ1 also binds PGC-1α in a second ligand and LxxLL motif independent mode and show that this interaction requires the TRβ1 N-terminal domain (NTD) and the PGC-1α N-terminal activation domain (AD) at amino acids 1-130. Transfection assays suggest that optimal PGC-1α coactivation requires the TRβ1 NTD and that these contacts are needed for utilization of the PGC-1α C-terminal AD, which does not bind TR and is implicated in basal transcription machinery contacts. We propose that TR AF-1/PGC-1α contacts are needed for transition between activities of PGC-1α N-and C-terminal ADs in gene expression. Our findings provide insights into possible roles for TR and NR AF-1 in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoshen Yuan
- University of California Medical Center, Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
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Thakran S, Sharma P, Attia RR, Hori RT, Deng X, Elam MB, Park EA. Role of sirtuin 1 in the regulation of hepatic gene expression by thyroid hormone. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:807-18. [PMID: 23209300 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.437970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a nuclear deacetylase that modulates lipid metabolism and enhances mitochondrial activity. SIRT1 targets multiple transcription factors and coactivators. Thyroid hormone (T(3)) stimulates the expression of hepatic genes involved in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis. We reported that T(3) induces genes for carnitine palmitoyltransferase (cpt1a), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (pdk4), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck). SIRT1 increases the expression of these genes via the activation of several factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, estrogen-related receptor α, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC-1α). Previously, we reported that PGC-1α participates in the T(3) induction of cpt1a and pdk4 in the liver. Given the overlapping targets of T(3) and SIRT1, we investigated whether SIRT1 participated in the T(3) regulation of these genes. Resveratrol is a small phenolic compound whose actions include the activation of SIRT1. Addition of resveratrol increased the T(3) induction of the pdk4 and cpt1a genes in hepatocytes. Furthermore, expression of SIRT1 in hepatocytes mimicked resveratrol in the regulation of gene expression by T(3). The deacetylase activity of SIRT1 was required and PGC-1α was deacetylated following addition of T(3). We found that SIRT1 interacted directly with T(3) receptor (TRβ). Knockdown of SIRT1 decreased the T(3) induction of cpt1a and pdk4 and reduced the T(3) inhibition of sterol response element binding protein (srebp-1c) both in isolated hepatocytes and in rat liver. Our results indicate that SIRT1 contributes to the T(3) regulation of hepatic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Thakran
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) activity is crucial to maintains blood glucose and ATP levels, which largely depends on the phosphorylation status by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) isoenzymes. Although it has been reported that PDC is phosphorylated and inactivated by PDK2 and PDK4 in metabolically active tissues including liver, skeletal muscle, heart, and kidney during starvation and diabetes, the precise mechanisms by which expression of PDK2 and PDK4 are transcriptionally regulated still remains unclear. Insulin represses the expression of PDK2 and PDK4 via phosphorylation of FOXO through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Several nuclear hormone receptors activated due to fasting or increased fat supply, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, glucocorticoid receptors, estrogen-related receptors, and thyroid hormone receptors, also participate in the up-regulation of PDK2 and PDK4; however, the endogenous ligands that bind those nuclear receptors have not been identified. It has been recently suggested that growth hormone, adiponectin, epinephrine, and rosiglitazone also control the expression of PDK4 in tissue-specific manners. In this review, we discuss several factors involved in the expressional regulation of PDK2 and PDK4, and introduce current studies aimed at providing a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the development of metabolic diseases such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nam Ho Jeoung
- Department of Fundamental Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Videla LA, Fernández V, Cornejo P, Vargas R. Metabolic basis for thyroid hormone liver preconditioning: upregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:475675. [PMID: 22919323 PMCID: PMC3417194 DOI: 10.1100/2012/475675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a major organ responsible for most functions of cellular metabolism and a mediator between dietary and endogenous sources of energy for extrahepatic tissues. In this context, adenosine-monophosphate- (AMP-) activated protein kinase (AMPK) constitutes an intrahepatic energy sensor regulating physiological energy dynamics by limiting anabolism and stimulating catabolism, thus increasing ATP availability. This is achieved by mechanisms involving direct allosteric activation and reversible phosphorylation of AMPK, in response to signals such as energy status, serum insulin/glucagon ratio, nutritional stresses, pharmacological and natural compounds, and oxidative stress status. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) lead to cellular AMPK activation and downstream signaling under several experimental conditions. Thyroid hormone (L-3,3′,5-triiodothyronine, T3) administration, a condition that enhances liver ROS generation, triggers the redox upregulation of cytoprotective proteins affording preconditioning against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) liver injury. Data discussed in this work suggest that T3-induced liver activation of AMPK may be of importance in the promotion of metabolic processes favouring energy supply for the induction and operation of preconditioning mechanisms. These include antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, repair or resynthesis of altered biomolecules, induction of the homeostatic acute-phase response, and stimulation of liver cell proliferation, which are required to cope with the damaging processes set in by IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Yatsuga S, Suomalainen A. Effect of bezafibrate treatment on late-onset mitochondrial myopathy in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:526-35. [PMID: 22012983 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important cause of metabolic disorders of children and adults, with no effective therapy options. Recently, induction of mitochondrial biogenesis, by transgenic overexpression of PGC1-alpha [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator 1-alpha], was reported to delay progression of early-onset cytochrome-c-oxidase (COX) deficiency in skeletal muscle of two mouse models: a muscle-specific knock-out of COX10 (COX10-mKO) and a constitutive knock-out of Surf1 (Surf1-KO). A pan-PPAR agonist, bezafibrate, could similarly delay myopathy progression in COX10-mKOs, but not in SURF1-KOs. We asked whether bezafibrate affected disease progression in late-onset adult-type mitochondrial myopathy mice. These 'Deletor mice' express a dominant patient mutation in Twinkle-helicase, leading to accumulation of multiple mtDNA deletions and subsequent progressive respiratory chain (RC) deficiency with COX-negative muscle fibers at 12 months of age. The primary and secondary molecular findings in Deletor mice mimic closely those in patients with Twinkle myopathy. We applied 0.5% bezafibrate diet to Deletors for 22 weeks, starting at disease manifestation, mimicking patient treatment after diagnosis. Bezafibrate delayed significantly the accumulation of COX-negative fibers and multiple mtDNA deletions. However, mitochondrial biogenesis was not induced: mitochondrial DNA copy number, transcript and RC protein amounts decreased in both Deletors and wild-type mice. Furthermore, bezafibrate induced severe lipid oxidation effects, with hepatomegaly and loss of adipose tissue, the mechanism involving lipid mobilization by high hepatic expression of FGF21 cytokine. However, as bezafibrate has been tolerated well by humans, the beneficial muscle findings in Deletor mice support consideration of bezafibrate trials on adult patients with mitochondrial myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Yatsuga
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland
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