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Gallo G, Rubattu S, Volpe M. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Heart Failure: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2667. [PMID: 38473911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction, a feature of heart failure, leads to a progressive decline in bioenergetic reserve capacity, consisting in a shift of energy production from mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation to glycolytic pathways. This adaptive process of cardiomyocytes does not represent an effective strategy to increase the energy supply and to restore the energy homeostasis in heart failure, thus contributing to a vicious circle and to disease progression. The increased oxidative stress causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, damage of proteins and lipids, leakage of mitochondrial DNA, and inflammatory responses, finally stimulating different signaling pathways which lead to cardiac remodeling and failure. Furthermore, the parallel neurohormonal dysregulation with angiotensin II, endothelin-1, and sympatho-adrenergic overactivation, which occurs in heart failure, stimulates ventricular cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and aggravates the cellular damage. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms related to mitochondrial dysfunction, which are mainly dependent on increased oxidative stress and perturbation of the dynamics of membrane potential and are associated with heart failure development and progression. We will also provide an overview of the potential implication of mitochondria as an attractive therapeutic target in the management and recovery process in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, RM, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
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2
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Hui W, Wenhua S, Shuojie Z, Lulin W, Panpan Z, Tongtong Z, Xiaoli X, Juhua D. How does NFAT3 regulate the occurrence of cardiac hypertrophy? IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2023; 48:101271. [PMID: 37753338 PMCID: PMC10518445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is initially an adaptive response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Although pathological myocardial hypertrophy is the main cause of morbidity and mortality, our understanding of its mechanism is still weak. NFAT3 (nuclear factor of activated T-cell-3) is a member of the nuclear factor of the activated T cells (NFAT) family. NFAT3 plays a critical role in regulating the expression of cardiac hypertrophy genes by inducing their transcription. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that NFAT3 is a potent regulator of the progression of cardiac hypertrophy. This review, for the first time, summarizes the current studies on NFAT3 in cardiac hypertrophy, including the pathophysiological processes and the underlying pathological mechanism, focusing on the nuclear translocation and transcriptional function of NFAT3. This review will provide deep insight into the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and a theoretical basis for identifying new therapeutic targets in the NFAT3 network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hui
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Su Wenhua
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhang Shuojie
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wang Lulin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhao Panpan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhang Tongtong
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xie Xiaoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dan Juhua
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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3
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Ran Q, Zhang C, Wan W, Ye T, Zou Y, Liu Z, Yu Y, Zhang J, Shen B, Yang B. Pinocembrin ameliorates atrial fibrillation susceptibility in rats with anxiety disorder induced by empty bottle stimulation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1004888. [PMID: 36339600 PMCID: PMC9631028 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1004888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorder (AD) is the most common mental disorder, which is closely related to atrial fibrillation (AF) and is considered to be a trigger of AF. Pinocembrin has been demonstrated to perform a variety of neurological and cardiac protective effects through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The current research aims to explore the antiarrhythmic effect of pinocembrin in anxiety disorder rats and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into four groups: CTL group: control rats + saline; CTP group: control rats + pinocembrin; Anxiety disorder group: anxiety disorder rats + saline; ADP group: anxiety disorder rats + pinocembrin. Empty bottle stimulation was conducted to induce anxiety disorder in rats for 3 weeks, and pinocembrin was injected through the tail vein for the last 2 weeks. Behavioral measurements, in vitro electrophysiological studies, biochemical assays, ELISA, Western blot and histological studies were performed to assess the efficacy of pinocembrin. In addition, HL-1 atrial cells were cultured in vitro to further verify the potential mechanism of pinocembrin. Results: After 3 weeks of empty bottle stimulation, pinocembrin significantly improved the exploration behaviors in anxiety disorder rats. Pinocembrin alleviated electrophysiological remodeling in anxiety disorder rats, including shortening the action potential duration (APD), prolonging the effective refractory period (ERP), increasing the expression of Kv1.5, Kv4.2 and Kv4.3, decreasing the expression of Cav1.2, and ultimately reducing the AF susceptibility. These effects may be attributed to the amelioration of autonomic remodeling and structural remodeling by pinocembrin, as well as the inhibition of oxidative stress with upregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. Conclusion: Pinocembrin can reduce AF susceptibility in anxiety disorder rats induced by empty bottle stimulation, with the inhibition of autonomic remodeling, structural remodeling, and oxidative stress. Therefore, pinocembrin is a promising treatment for AF in patients with anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ran
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiguo Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianxin Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangchi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Bo Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Shen, ; Bo Yang,
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Shen, ; Bo Yang,
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4
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Huang X, Lin X, Wang L, Xie Y, Que Y, Li S, Hu P, Tong X. Substitution of SERCA2 Cys 674 aggravates cardiac fibrosis by promoting the transformation of cardiac fibroblasts to cardiac myofibroblasts. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115164. [PMID: 35809651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) is vital to maintain intracellular calcium homeostasis, and its redox Cys674 (C674) is the key to regulating activity. Our goal was to investigate whether the redox state of SERCA2 C674 is critical for cardiac fibrosis and the mechanisms involved. Heterozygous SERCA2 C674S knock-in (SKI) mice, in which half of C674 was substituted by serine, were used to mimic the partial loss of the reactive C674 thiol in pathological conditions. In cardiac fibroblasts, the substitution of C674 thiol increased Ca2+ levels in cytoplasm and mitochondria, and intracellular ROS levels, and activated calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-lymphocytes (NFAT) pathway, increased the protein expression of profibrotic factors TGF beta 1 (TGF-β1), alpha smooth muscle actin, collagen I and collagen III, and promoted the transformation of cardiac fibroblasts to cardiac myofibroblasts, which could be reversed by calcineurin/NFAT inhibitor, SERCA2 agonist, or ROS scavenger. Activation of SERCA2 or scavenging ROS is beneficial to alleviate cardiac fibrosis caused by the substitution of C674. In conclusion, the partial loss of the reactive C674 thiol in the SERCA2 exacerbates cardiac fibrosis by activating the calcineurin/NFAT/TGF-β1 pathway to promote the transformation of cardiac fibroblasts to cardiac myofibroblasts, which highlights the importance of C674 redox state in maintaining the homeostasis of cardiac fibroblasts. SERCA2 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaojuan Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Langtao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yufei Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yumei Que
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Siqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Pingping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaoyong Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Subbaiah KCV, Wu J, Tang WHW, Yao P. FAM114A1 influences cardiac pathological remodeling by regulating angiotensin II signaling. JCI Insight 2022; 7:152783. [PMID: 35671117 PMCID: PMC9310534 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac pathological remodeling, a primary contributor to heart failure (HF) and death, is an important target for HF therapy. However, the signaling pathways that govern cardiac remodeling are not fully elucidated. Here, we found that a functionally unannotated human myocardial infarction–associated (MI-associated) gene, family with sequence similarity 114 member A1 (FAM114A1), is induced in failing human and mouse hearts compared with nonfailing hearts. Homozygous KO of Fam114a1 (Fam114a1–/–) in the mouse genome reduces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and cardiac fibrosis while restoring cardiac function in angiotensin II–induced (Ang II–induced) and MI-induced HF mouse models. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) exhibit the highest FAM114A1 expression among different cardiac cell types. FAM114A1 is a critical autonomous factor for CF proliferation, activation, and migration. Mechanistically, FAM114A1 interacts with angiotensin receptor–associated protein (AGTRAP) and regulates the expression of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) and downstream Ang II signaling transduction, and it subsequently influences profibrotic response. Our results indicate that FAM114A1 regulates Ang II signaling, thereby activating CFs and other cardiac cells and augmenting pathological cardiac remodeling. These findings provide potentially novel insights into the regulation of cardiac remodeling and identify FAM114A1 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadiam C Venkata Subbaiah
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, United States of America
| | - Jiangbin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, United States of America
| | - Wai Hong Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Peng Yao
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, United States of America
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Ito MA, Kojima E, Yanagihara Y, Yoshida K, Matsuoka I. Differential Effects of Gq Protein-Coupled Uridine Receptor Stimulation on IL-8 Production in 1321N1 Human Astrocytoma Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:691-697. [PMID: 35650097 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) trigger various physiological functions. GPCR-mediated effects largely depend on the receptor-associated G-protein subtypes. However, compelling evidence suggests that single receptor proteins activate multiple G-protein subtypes to induce diverse physiological responses. This study compared responses mediated by three different Gq-binding uridine nucleotide receptors, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y6, by measuring Ca2+ signaling and interleukin (IL)-8 production. In 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells stably expressing these receptors, agonist stimulation evoked concentration-dependent intracellular Ca2+ elevation to a similar extent. In contrast, agonist-induced IL-8 production was prominent in P2Y6-expressing cells, but not in P2Y2- and P2Y4-expressing cells. In addition to inhibition of Gq signaling, G12 signal blockade attenuated uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-induced IL-8 production, suggesting the involvement of a small G-protein pathway. The Rac inhibitor EHop-16 prevented UDP-induced IL-8 release. The P2Y6-triggered IL-8 production was also inhibited by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and protein kinase B (Akt) inhibitors. These results suggest that P2Y6 receptor-induced IL-8 production requires Gq-mediated Ca2+ signaling as well as G12-mediated activation of Rac. The results also suggest the importance of considering the involvement of multiple G proteins in understanding GPCR-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masa-Aki Ito
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Erika Kojima
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Yu Yanagihara
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Kazuki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Isao Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
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7
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Guo P, Tai Y, Wang M, Sun H, Zhang L, Wei W, Xiang YK, Wang Q. Gα 12 and Gα 13: Versatility in Physiology and Pathology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:809425. [PMID: 35237598 PMCID: PMC8883321 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.809425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as the largest family of receptors in the human body, are involved in the pathological mechanisms of many diseases. Heterotrimeric G proteins represent the main molecular switch and receive cell surface signals from activated GPCRs. Growing evidence suggests that Gα12 subfamily (Gα12/13)-mediated signaling plays a crucial role in cellular function and various pathological processes. The current research on the physiological and pathological function of Gα12/13 is constantly expanding, Changes in the expression levels of Gα12/13 have been found in a wide range of human diseases. However, the mechanistic research on Gα12/13 is scattered. This review briefly describes the structural sequences of the Gα12/13 isoforms and introduces the coupling of GPCRs and non-GPCRs to Gα12/13. The effects of Gα12/13 on RhoA and other signaling pathways and their roles in cell proliferation, migration, and immune cell function, are discussed. Finally, we focus on the pathological impacts of Gα12/13 in cancer, inflammation, metabolic diseases, fibrotic diseases, and circulatory disorders are brought to focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paipai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Tai
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Manman Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hanfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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8
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Cooper SL, Boyle E, Jefferson SR, Heslop CRA, Mohan P, Mohanraj GGJ, Sidow HA, Tan RCP, Hill SJ, Woolard J. Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone and Kinin-Kallikrein Systems in the Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19 and Long COVID. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8255. [PMID: 34361021 PMCID: PMC8347967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients may present as asymptomatic or demonstrate mild to severe and life-threatening symptoms. Although COVID-19 has a respiratory focus, there are major cardiovascular complications (CVCs) associated with infection. The reported CVCs include myocarditis, heart failure, arrhythmias, thromboembolism and blood pressure abnormalities. These occur, in part, because of dysregulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) and Kinin-Kallikrein System (KKS). A major route by which SARS-CoV-2 gains cellular entry is via the docking of the viral spike (S) protein to the membrane-bound angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The roles of ACE2 within the cardiovascular and immune systems are vital to ensure homeostasis. The key routes for the development of CVCs and the recently described long COVID have been hypothesised as the direct consequences of the viral S protein/ACE2 axis, downregulation of ACE2 and the resulting damage inflicted by the immune response. Here, we review the impact of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system, the mechanisms by which dysregulation of the RAAS and KKS can occur following virus infection and the future implications for pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Cooper
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Eleanor Boyle
- School of Medicine, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (E.B.); (S.R.J.); (C.R.A.H.); (P.M.); (G.G.J.M.); (H.A.S.); (R.C.P.T.)
| | - Sophie R. Jefferson
- School of Medicine, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (E.B.); (S.R.J.); (C.R.A.H.); (P.M.); (G.G.J.M.); (H.A.S.); (R.C.P.T.)
| | - Calum R. A. Heslop
- School of Medicine, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (E.B.); (S.R.J.); (C.R.A.H.); (P.M.); (G.G.J.M.); (H.A.S.); (R.C.P.T.)
| | - Pirathini Mohan
- School of Medicine, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (E.B.); (S.R.J.); (C.R.A.H.); (P.M.); (G.G.J.M.); (H.A.S.); (R.C.P.T.)
| | - Gearry G. J. Mohanraj
- School of Medicine, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (E.B.); (S.R.J.); (C.R.A.H.); (P.M.); (G.G.J.M.); (H.A.S.); (R.C.P.T.)
| | - Hamza A. Sidow
- School of Medicine, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (E.B.); (S.R.J.); (C.R.A.H.); (P.M.); (G.G.J.M.); (H.A.S.); (R.C.P.T.)
| | - Rory C. P. Tan
- School of Medicine, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (E.B.); (S.R.J.); (C.R.A.H.); (P.M.); (G.G.J.M.); (H.A.S.); (R.C.P.T.)
| | - Stephen J. Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jeanette Woolard
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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9
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Kabir R, Sinha P, Mishra S, Ebenebe OV, Taube N, Oeing CU, Keceli G, Chen R, Paolocci N, Rule A, Kohr MJ. Inorganic arsenic induces sex-dependent pathological hypertrophy in the heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1321-H1336. [PMID: 33481702 PMCID: PMC8260381 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00435.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure though drinking water is widespread and well associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, yet the pathophysiological mechanisms by which iAS induces these effects are largely unknown. Recently, an epidemiological study in an American population with a low burden of cardiovascular risk factors found that iAS exposure was associated with altered left ventricular geometry. Considering the possibility that iAS directly induces cardiac remodeling independently of hypertension, we investigated the impact of an environmentally relevant iAS exposure on the structure and function of male and female hearts. Adult male and female C56BL/6J mice were exposed to 615 μg/L iAS for 8 wk. Males exhibited increased systolic blood pressure via tail cuff photoplethysmography, left ventricular wall thickening via transthoracic echocardiography, and increased plasma atrial natriuretic peptide via enzyme immunoassay. RT-qPCR revealed increased myocardial RNA transcripts of Acta1, Myh7, and Nppa and decreased Myh6, providing evidence of pathological hypertrophy in the male heart. Similar changes were not detected in females, and nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms of cardioprotection in the heart appeared to remain intact. Further investigation found that Rcan1 was upregulated in male hearts and that iAS activated NFAT in HEK-293 cells via luciferase assay. Interestingly, iAS induced similar hypertrophic gene expression changes in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, which were blocked by calcineurin inhibition, suggesting that iAS may induce pathological cardiac hypertrophy in part by targeting the calcineurin-NFAT pathway. As such, these results highlight iAS exposure as an independent cardiovascular risk factor and provide biological impetus for its removal from human consumption.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This investigation provides the first mechanistic link between an environmentally relevant dose of inorganic arsenic (iAS) and pathological hypertrophy in the heart. By demonstrating that iAS exposure may cause pathological cardiac hypertrophy not only by increasing systolic blood pressure but also by potentially activating calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells and inducing fetal gene expression, these results provide novel mechanistic insight into the theat of iAS exposure to the heart, which is necessary to identify targets for medical and public health intervention.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arsenites/toxicity
- Calcineurin/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Isolated Heart Preparation
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Sex Factors
- Signal Transduction
- Sodium Compounds/toxicity
- Time Factors
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Raihan Kabir
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Prithvi Sinha
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sumita Mishra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Obialunanma V Ebenebe
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicole Taube
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chistian U Oeing
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gizem Keceli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Ana Rule
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark J Kohr
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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10
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Yang YM, Kuen DS, Chung Y, Kurose H, Kim SG. Gα 12/13 signaling in metabolic diseases. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:896-910. [PMID: 32576930 PMCID: PMC7338450 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the key governors of diverse physiological processes, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have drawn attention as primary targets for several diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Heterotrimeric G proteins converge signals from ~800 members of the GPCR family. Among the members of the G protein α family, the Gα12 family members comprising Gα12 and Gα13 have been referred to as gep oncogenes. Gα12/13 levels are altered in metabolic organs, including the liver and muscles, in metabolic diseases. The roles of Gα12/13 in metabolic diseases have been investigated. In this review, we highlight findings demonstrating Gα12/13 amplifying or dampening regulators of phenotype changes. We discuss the molecular basis of G protein biology in the context of posttranslational modifications to heterotrimeric G proteins and the cell signaling axis. We also highlight findings providing insights into the organ-specific, metabolic and pathological roles of G proteins in changes associated with specific cells, energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, liver fibrosis and the immune and cardiovascular systems. This review summarizes the currently available knowledge on the importance of Gα12/13 in the physiology and pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, which is presented according to the basic understanding of their metabolic actions and underlying cellular and molecular bases. Understanding the activities of two members of a vital category of proteins called G proteins, which initiate metabolic changes when signaling molecules bind to cells, could lead to new therapies for many diseases. Researchers in South Korea and Japan, led by Sang Geon Kim at Seoul National University, review the significance of the Gα12 and Gα13 proteins in diseases characterised by significant changes in metabolism, including liver conditions and disorders of the cardiovascular and immune systems. Specific roles for the proteins have been identified by a variety of methods, including studying the effect of disabling the genes that code for them in mice. Recent insights suggest that drugs interfering with the activity of these Gα proteins might help treat many conditions in which the molecular signalling networks involving the proteins are disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Mee Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Da-Sol Kuen
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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11
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Aimo A, Castiglione V, Borrelli C, Saccaro LF, Franzini M, Masi S, Emdin M, Giannoni A. Oxidative stress and inflammation in the evolution of heart failure: From pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 27:494-510. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487319870344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Both oxidative stress and inflammation are enhanced in chronic heart failure. Dysfunction of cardiac mitochondria is a hallmark of heart failure and a leading cause of oxidative stress, which in turn exerts detrimental effects on cellular components, including mitochondria themselves, thus generating a vicious circle. Oxidative stress also causes myocardial tissue damage and inflammation, contributing to heart failure progression. Furthermore, a subclinical inflammatory state may be caused by heart failure comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes mellitus or sleep apnoeas. Some markers of both oxidative stress and inflammation are enhanced in chronic heart failure and hold prognostic significance. For all these reasons, antioxidants or anti-inflammatory drugs may represent interesting additional therapies for subjects either at high risk or with established heart failure. Nonetheless, only a few clinical trials on antioxidants have been carried out so far, with several disappointing results except for vitamin C, elamipretide and coenzyme Q10. With regard to anti-inflammatory drugs, only preliminary data on the interleukin-1 antagonist anakinra are currently available. Therefore, a comprehensive, deep understanding of our current knowledge on oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic heart failure is key to providing some suggestions for future research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Aimo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Borrelli
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi F Saccaro
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Emdin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Giannoni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
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12
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The role of A-kinase anchoring proteins in cardiac oxidative stress. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1341-1353. [PMID: 31671182 PMCID: PMC6824835 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac stress initiates a pathological remodeling process that is associated with cardiomyocyte loss and fibrosis that ultimately leads to heart failure. In the injured heart, a pathologically elevated synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the main driver of oxidative stress and consequent cardiomyocyte dysfunction and death. In this context, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) plays a central role in regulating signaling pathways that protect the heart against ROS-induced cardiac damage. In cardiac cells, spatiotemporal regulation of PKA activity is controlled by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). This family of scaffolding proteins tether PKA and other transduction enzymes at subcellular microdomains where they can co-ordinate cellular responses regulating oxidative stress. In this review, we will discuss recent literature illustrating the role of PKA and AKAPs in modulating the detrimental impact of ROS production on cardiac function.
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13
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Wang Y, Lu JH, Wang F, Wang YN, He MM, Wu QN, Lu YX, Yu HE, Chen ZH, Zhao Q, Liu J, Chen YX, Wang DS, Sheng H, Liu ZX, Zeng ZL, Xu RH, Ju HQ. Inhibition of fatty acid catabolism augments the efficacy of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancers. Cancer Lett 2020; 473:74-89. [PMID: 31904482 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer causes countless deaths every year due to therapeutic resistance. However, whether metabolic alterations contribute to chemoresistance is not well understood. In this study, we report that fatty acid (FA) catabolism was activated in gastrointestinal cancer cells treated with oxaliplatin, which exhibited higher expression of the rate-limiting enzymes carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) and CPT2. The clinical analysis also showed that high expression of these enzymes was associated with poor oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy outcomes in patients. Furthermore, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CPT2 with perhexiline disturbed NADPH and redox homeostasis and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell apoptosis in gastrointestinal cancer cells following oxaliplatin treatment. Specifically, the combination of oxaliplatin and perhexiline significantly suppressed the progression of gastrointestinal cancer in cell-based xenograft and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Mechanistically, CPT2 was transcriptionally upregulated by nuclear factor of activated T cells 3 (NFATc3), which translocated to the nucleus in response to oxaliplatin treatment. In summary, our study suggests that the inhibition of CPT-mediated FA catabolism combined with conventional chemotherapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jia-Huan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ying-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ming-Ming He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qi-Nian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yun-Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hong-En Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhan-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yan-Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - De-Shen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hui Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ze-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhao-Lei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Huai-Qiang Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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14
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Hadzi‐Petrushev N, Angelovski M, Rebok K, Mitrokhin V, Kamkin A, Mladenov M. Antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects of the monocarbonyl curcumin analogs B2BRBC and C66 in monocrotaline‐induced right ventricular hypertrophy. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22353. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Hadzi‐Petrushev
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology“Ss. Cyril and Methodius” University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia
| | - Marija Angelovski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology“Ss. Cyril and Methodius” University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia
| | - Katerina Rebok
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology“Ss. Cyril and Methodius” University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia
| | - Vadim Mitrokhin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied PhysiologyRussian National Research Medical University Moscow Russia
| | - Andre Kamkin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied PhysiologyRussian National Research Medical University Moscow Russia
| | - Mitko Mladenov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology“Ss. Cyril and Methodius” University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia
- Department of Fundamental and Applied PhysiologyRussian National Research Medical University Moscow Russia
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15
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Saliba Y, Jebara V, Hajal J, Maroun R, Chacar S, Smayra V, Abramowitz J, Birnbaumer L, Farès N. Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 3 and Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells C3 Signaling Pathway Critically Regulates Myocardial Fibrosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1851-1879. [PMID: 30318928 PMCID: PMC6486676 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are emerging as major contributors to myocardial fibrosis (MF), a final common pathway of many etiologies of heart disease. Here, we studied the functional relevance of transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) channels and nuclear factor of activated T cells c3 (NFATc3) signaling in rodent and human ventricular CFs, and whether their modulation would limit MF. RESULTS A positive feedback loop between TRPC3 and NFATc3 drove a rat ventricular CF fibrotic phenotype. In these cells, polyphenols (extract of grape pomace polyphenol [P.E.]) decreased basal and angiotensin II-mediated Ca2+ entries through a direct modulation of TRPC3 channels and subsequently NFATc3 signaling, abrogating myofibroblast differentiation, fibrosis and inflammation, as well as an oxidative stress-associated phenotype. N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) hypertensive rats developed coronary perivascular, sub-epicardial, and interstitial fibrosis with induction of embryonic epicardial progenitor transcription factors in activated CFs. P.E. treatment reduced ventricular CF activation by modulating the TRPC3-NFATc3 pathway, and it ameliorated echocardiographic parameters, cardiac stress markers, and MF in l-NAME hypertensive rats independently of blood pressure regulation. Further, genetic deletion (TRPC3-/-) and pharmacological channel blockade with N-[4-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]phenyl]-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide (Pyr10) blunted ventricular CF activation and MF in l-NAME hypertensive mice. Finally, TRPC3 was present in human ventricular CFs and upregulated in MF, whereas pharmacological modulation of TRPC3-NFATc3 decreased proliferation and collagen secretion. Innovation and Conclusion: We demonstrate that TRPC3-NFATc3 signaling is modulated by P.E. and critically regulates ventricular CF phenotype and MF. These findings strongly argue for P.E., through TRPC3 targeting, as potential and interesting therapeutics for MF management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youakim Saliba
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Pôle Technologie Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Victor Jebara
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Hajal
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Pôle Technologie Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Richard Maroun
- Unité de Recherche Technologie et Valorisation Alimentaire, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Stéphanie Chacar
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Pôle Technologie Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
- Unité de Recherche Technologie et Valorisation Alimentaire, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Viviane Smayra
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joel Abramowitz
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina
- Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medicine, Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nassim Farès
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Pôle Technologie Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
- Address correspondence to: Prof. Nassim Farès, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Pôle Technologie Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Joseph, Damascus Street, BP 11-5076 - Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
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16
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are the largest group of cell surface receptors, which link cells to their environment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as important cellular signaling molecules. The family of NADPH oxidases generates ROS in response to activated cell surface receptors. Recent Advances: Various signaling pathways linking GPCRs and activation of NADPH oxidases have been characterized. CRITICAL ISSUES Still, a more detailed analysis of G proteins involved in the GPCR-mediated activation of NADPH oxidases is needed. In addition, a more precise discrimination of NADPH oxidase activation due to either upregulation of subunit expression or post-translational subunit modifications is needed. Also, the role of noncanonical modulators of NADPH oxidase activation in the response to GPCRs awaits further analyses. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As GPCRs are one of the most popular classes of investigational drug targets, further detailing of G protein-coupled mechanisms in the activation mechanism of NADPH oxidases as well as better understanding of the link between newly identified NADPH oxidase interaction partners and GPCR signaling will provide new opportunities for improved efficiency and decreased off target effects of therapies targeting GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Petry
- 1 Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich , TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnes Görlach
- 1 Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich , TU Munich, Munich, Germany .,2 DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) , Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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17
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Kido T, Miyagawa S, Goto T, Tamai K, Ueno T, Toda K, Kuratani T, Sawa Y. The administration of high-mobility group box 1 fragment prevents deterioration of cardiac performance by enhancement of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell homing in the delta-sarcoglycan-deficient hamster. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202838. [PMID: 30517097 PMCID: PMC6281303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We hypothesized that systemic administration of high-mobility group box 1 fragment attenuates the progression of myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in a hamster model of dilated cardiomyopathy by recruiting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells thus causing enhancement of a self-regeneration system. Methods Twenty-week-old J2N-k hamsters, which are δ-sarcoglycan-deficient, were treated with systemic injection of high-mobility group box 1 fragment (HMGB1, n = 15) or phosphate buffered saline (control, n = 11). Echocardiography for left ventricular function, cardiac histology, and molecular biology were analyzed. The life-prolonging effect was assessed separately using the HMGB1 and control groups, in addition to a monthly HMGB1 group which received monthly systemic injections of high-mobility group box 1 fragment, 3 times (HMGB1, n = 11, control, n = 9, monthly HMGB1, n = 9). Results The HMGB1 group showed improved left ventricular ejection fraction, reduced myocardial fibrosis, and increased capillary density. The number of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha and CD106 positive mesenchymal stem cells detected in the myocardium was significantly increased, and intra-myocardial expression of tumor necrosis factor α stimulating gene 6, hepatic growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor were significantly upregulated after high-mobility group box 1 fragment administration. Improved survival was observed in the monthly HMGB1 group compared with the control group. Conclusions Systemic high-mobility group box 1 fragment administration attenuates the progression of left ventricular remodeling in a hamster model of dilated cardiomyopathy by enhanced homing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into damaged myocardium, suggesting that high-mobility group box 1 fragment could be a new treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kido
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takasumi Goto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuto Tamai
- Department of Stem Cell Therapy Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ueno
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Toda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Kuratani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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18
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Kim KM, Han CY, Kim JY, Cho SS, Kim YS, Koo JH, Lee JM, Lim SC, Kang KW, Kim JS, Hwang SJ, Ki SH, Kim SG. Gα 12 overexpression induced by miR-16 dysregulation contributes to liver fibrosis by promoting autophagy in hepatic stellate cells. J Hepatol 2018; 68:493-504. [PMID: 29080810 PMCID: PMC5818314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have a role in liver fibrosis. Guanine nucleotide-binding α-subunit 12 (Gα12) converges signals from G-protein-coupled receptors whose ligand levels are elevated in the environment during liver fibrosis; however, information is lacking on the effect of Gα12 on HSC trans-differentiation. This study investigated the expression of Gα12 in HSCs and the molecular basis of the effects of its expression on liver fibrosis. METHODS Gα12 expression was assessed by immunostaining, and immunoblot analyses of mouse fibrotic liver tissues and primary HSCs. The role of Gα12 in liver fibrosis was estimated using a toxicant injury mouse model with Gα12 gene knockout and/or HSC-specific Gα12 delivery using lentiviral vectors, in addition to primary HSCs and LX-2 cells using microRNA (miR) inhibitors, overexpression vectors, or adenoviruses. miR-16, Gα12, and LC3 were also examined in samples from patients with fibrosis. RESULTS Gα12 was overexpressed in activated HSCs and fibrotic liver, and was colocalised with desmin. In a carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis mouse model, Gα12 ablation prevented increases in fibrosis and liver injury. This effect was attenuated by HSC-specific lentiviral delivery of Gα12. Moreover, Gα12 activation promoted autophagy accompanying c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent ATG12-5 conjugation. In addition, miR-16 was found to be a direct inhibitor of the de novo synthesis of Gα12. Modulations of miR-16 altered autophagy in HSCs. In a fibrosis animal model or patients with severe fibrosis, miR-16 levels were lower than in their corresponding controls. Consistently, cirrhotic patient liver tissues showed Gα12 and LC3 upregulation in desmin-positive areas. CONCLUSIONS miR-16 dysregulation in HSCs results in Gα12 overexpression, which activates HSCs by facilitating autophagy through ATG12-5 formation. This suggests that Gα12 and its regulatory molecules could serve as targets for the amelioration of liver fibrosis. LAY SUMMARY Guanine nucleotide-binding α-subunit 12 (Gα12) is upregulated in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) as a consequence of the dysregulation of a specific microRNA that is abundant in HSCs, facilitating the progression of liver fibrosis. This event is mediated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent ATG12-5 formation and the promotion of autophagy. We suggest that Gα12 and its associated regulators could serve as new targets in HSCs for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yeob Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Seok Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seok Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Departments of Surgery University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Se Jin Hwang
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Ma J, Ma S, Yin C, Wu H. Matrine reduces susceptibility to postinfarct atrial fibrillation in rats due to antifibrotic properties. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2018; 29:616-627. [PMID: 29377366 DOI: 10.1111/jce.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether matrine could prevent atrial fibrillation (AF) after myocardial infarction by reducing left atrial fibrosis, and to determine the underlying mechanisms in isolated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). Five weeks after MI, matrine-treated rats had lower rates of AF inducibility and shorter AF duration than MI rats. Matrine improved the left atrial conduction velocity and homogeneity. Matrine decreased the fibrosis positive areas and the protein levels of type I collagen and type III collagen in the left atrium. Matrine inhibited CFs differentiation to myofibroblasts and the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and matrix metalloproteinase 9. In vitro, matrine inhibited the CFs proliferation, migration, differentiation, and secretion ability. These in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that matrine has the potential to reduce susceptibility to AF after MI due, at least in part, to reduced atrial fibrosis via inhibiting CFs proliferation, migration, differentiation, and secretion ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ma
- Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR, China
| | - Shiyu Ma
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR, China
| | - Chunxia Yin
- Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR, China
| | - Huanlin Wu
- Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR, China
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20
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Xu Y, Xiao H, Luo H, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Tao L, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Shen X. Inhibitory effects of oxymatrine on TGF‑β1‑induced proliferation and abnormal differentiation in rat cardiac fibroblasts via the p38MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5354-5362. [PMID: 28849213 PMCID: PMC5647068 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial fibrosis serves a causal role in the development of heart failure following acute and chronic myocardial infarction, and anti-fibrotic therapy represents a promising strategy to mitigate this pathological process. Oxymatrine (OMT) exerts a number of pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system, but its anti-cardiovascular disease mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of OMT administration on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced cardiac fibroblast (CFB) proliferation and abnormal differentiation, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Primary CFBs were isolated from neonatal rats and used for experimental treatments. TGF-β1 stimulation in CFBs resulted in increased proliferation, increased α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and type I and type III collagen expression, and increased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation. Treatment with OMT and SB431542 (a TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor) attenuated the proliferation and abnormal differentiation of CFBs induced by TGF-β1, and decreased p38MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, treatment with SB203580 (a p38MAPK inhibitor) or PD98059 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor), but not by SP600125 (a c-jun N-terminal kinase1/2/3 inhibitor), inhibited the TGF-β1 stimulated CFB proliferation, as well as the elevation of α-SMA and the deposition of type I and type III collagen, suggesting that ERK1/2 and p38MAPK signaling may be important in the in the process of myocardial fibrosis. In conclusion, the present study revealed that OMT treatment inhibited CFB proliferation and the CFB-myofibroblast transition induced by TGF-β1, at least in part through inhibition of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Hai Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Hong Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Ling Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing 102211, P.R. China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
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21
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He Z, Yang Y, Wen Z, Chen C, Xu X, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Wang DW. CYP2J2 metabolites, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, attenuate Ang II-induced cardiac fibrotic response by targeting Gα 12/13. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1338-1353. [PMID: 28554983 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m074229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid-cytochrome P450 2J2-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (AA-CYP2J2-EET) metabolic pathway has been identified to be protective in the cardiovascular system. This study explored the effects of the AA-CYP2J2-EET metabolic pathway on cardiac fibrosis from the perspective of cardiac fibroblasts and underlying mechanisms. In in vivo studies, 8-week-old male CYP2J2 transgenic mice (aMHC-CYP2J2-Tr) and littermates were infused with angiotensin II (Ang II) or saline for 2 weeks. Results showed that CYP2J2 overexpression increased EET production. Meanwhile, impairment of cardiac function and fibrotic response were attenuated by CYP2J2 overexpression. The effects of CYP2J2 were associated with reduced activation of the α subunits of G12 family G proteins (Gα12/13)/RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) cascade and elevation of the NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) level in cardiac tissue. In in vitro studies, cardiac fibroblast activation, proliferation, migration, and collagen production induced by Ang II were associated with activation of the Gα12/13/RhoA/ROCK pathway, which was inhibited by exogenous 11,12-EET. Moreover, silencing of Gα12/13 or RhoA exerted similar effects as 11,12-EET. Furthermore, inhibitory effects of 11,12-EET on Gα12/13 were blocked by NO/cGMP pathway inhibitors. Our findings indicate that enhancement of the AA-CYP2J2-EET metabolic pathway by CYP2J2 overexpression attenuates Ang II-induced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis by reducing the fibrotic response of cardiac fibroblasts by targeting the Gα12/13/RhoA/ROCK pathway via NO/cGMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuowen He
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhen Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Sunggip C, Nishimura A, Shimoda K, Numaga-Tomita T, Tsuda M, Nishida M. Purinergic P2Y 6 receptors: A new therapeutic target of age-dependent hypertension. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:51-59. [PMID: 28336370 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging has a remarkable effect on cardiovascular homeostasis and it is known as the major non-modifiable risk factor in the development of hypertension. Medications targeting sympathetic nerve system and/or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are widely accepted as a powerful therapeutic strategy to improve hypertension, although the control rates remain unsatisfactory especially in the elder patients with hypertension. Purinergic receptors, activated by adenine, uridine nucleotides and nucleotide sugars, play pivotal roles in many biological processes, including platelet aggregation, neurotransmission and hormone release, and regulation of cardiovascular contractility. Since clopidogrel, a selective inhibitor of G protein-coupled purinergic P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R), achieved clinical success as an anti-platelet drug, P2YRs has been attracted more attention as new therapeutic targets of cardiovascular diseases. We have revealed that UDP-responsive P2Y6R promoted angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R)-stimulated vascular remodeling in mice, in an age-dependent manner. Moreover, the age-related formation of heterodimer between AT1R and P2Y6R was disrupted by MRS2578, a P2Y6R-selective inhibitor. These findings suggest that P2Y6R is a therapeutic target to prevent age-related hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Sunggip
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Biomedical Science & Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Akiyuki Nishimura
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kakeru Shimoda
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuro Numaga-Tomita
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Life Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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Jernigan NL, Resta TC, Gonzalez Bosc LV. Altered Redox Balance in the Development of Chronic Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 967:83-103. [PMID: 29047083 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Normally, the pulmonary circulation is maintained in a low-pressure, low-resistance state with little resting tone. Pulmonary arteries are thin-walled and rely heavily on pulmonary arterial distension and recruitment for reducing pulmonary vascular resistance when cardiac output is elevated. Under pathophysiological conditions, however, active vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling lead to enhanced pulmonary vascular resistance and subsequent pulmonary hypertension (PH). Chronic hypoxia is a critical pathological factor associated with the development of PH resulting from airway obstruction (COPD, sleep apnea), diffusion impairment (interstitial lung disease), developmental lung abnormalities, or high altitude exposure (World Health Organization [WHO]; Group III). The rise in pulmonary vascular resistance increases right heart afterload causing right ventricular hypertrophy that can ultimately lead to right heart failure in patients with chronic lung disease. PH is typically characterized by diminished paracrine release of vasodilators, antimitogenic factors, and antithrombotic factors (e.g., nitric oxide and protacyclin) and enhanced production of vasoconstrictors and mitogenic factors (e.g., reactive oxygen species and endothelin-1) from the endothelium and lung parenchyma. In addition, phenotypic changes to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC), including alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis, Ca2+ sensitivity, and activation of transcription factors are thought to play prominent roles in the development of both vasoconstrictor and arterial remodeling components of hypoxia-associated PH. These changes in PASMC function are briefly reviewed in Sect. 1 and the influence of altered reactive oxygen species homeostasis on PASMC function discussed in Sects. 2-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki L Jernigan
- Department Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Department Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Department Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Liu SY, Duan XC, Jin S, Teng X, Xiao L, Xue HM, Wu YM. Hydrogen Sulfide Improves Myocardial Remodeling via Downregulated Angiotensin Ⅱ/AT1R Pathway in Renovascular Hypertensive Rats. Am J Hypertens 2017; 30:67-74. [PMID: 27600580 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpw104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important endogenous gaseous transmitter in many physiological functions. Plasma H2S decreased, and angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) increased in the myocardial tissues in 2-kidney 1-clip (2K1C) rats than in normotensive rats. Accumulating evidences suggest that H2S inhibited Ang II/AT1R pathway to regulate cardiovascular function. Therefore, we hypothesized that H2S may exert beneficial effects on myocardial remodeling in 2K1C rat models of renovascular hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 56 µmol/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally to the rats from the 7th day after 2K1C operation. Systolic blood pressure was significantly increased from the first week after the operation and was lowered after NaHS treatment for 4 weeks. H2S could also inhibit the ratio of left ventricle and septum weight to body weight, improve cross-sectional area, and ameliorate ventricular dysfunction. Additionally, the protein expression of AT1R and Ang II serum content were downregulated, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) protein was upregulated in 2K1C rats by NaHS treatment for 4 weeks. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species level and AT1R protein were increased, whereas SOD protein was decreased in cardiomyocytes treated with Ang II compared with the control group. NaHS could reverse these changes. Losartan and N-acetylcysteine could also reverse Ang II-induced changes. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of H2S is attributable to the suppression of oxidative stress. This process involves the inhibition of the Ang II/AT1R pathway and upregulation of antioxidant enzymes in 2K1C rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yu Liu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao-Cui Duan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xue
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu-Ming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China;
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25
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G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081320. [PMID: 27529230 PMCID: PMC5000717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest signal-conveying receptor family and mediate many physiological processes, their role in tumor biology is underappreciated. Numerous lines of evidence now associate GPCRs and their downstream signaling targets in cancer growth and development. Indeed, GPCRs control many features of tumorigenesis, including immune cell-mediated functions, proliferation, invasion and survival at the secondary site. Technological advances have further substantiated GPCR modifications in human tumors. Among these are point mutations, gene overexpression, GPCR silencing by promoter methylation and the number of gene copies. At this point, it is imperative to elucidate specific signaling pathways of “cancer driver” GPCRs. Emerging data on GPCR biology point to functional selectivity and “biased agonism”; hence, there is a diminishing enthusiasm for the concept of “one drug per GPCR target” and increasing interest in the identification of several drug options. Therefore, determining the appropriate context-dependent conformation of a functional GPCR as well as the contribution of GPCR alterations to cancer development remain significant challenges for the discovery of dominant cancer genes and the development of targeted therapeutics.
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26
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Hwang HS, Park IY, Kim DW, Choi SY, Jung YO, Kim HA. PEP-1-FK506BP12 inhibits matrix metalloproteinase expression in human articular chondrocytes and in a mouse carrageenan-induced arthritis model. BMB Rep 2016; 48:407-12. [PMID: 25887750 PMCID: PMC4577291 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.7.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The 12 kDa FK506-binding protein (FK506BP12), an immunosuppressor, modulates T cell activation via calcineurin inhibition. In this study, we investigated the ability of PEP-1-FK506BP12, consisting of FK506BP12 fused to the protein transduction domain PEP-1 peptide, to suppress catabolic responses in primary human chondrocytes and in a mouse carrageenan-induced paw arthritis model. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis showed that PEP-1-FK506BP12 efficiently penetrated chondrocytes and cartilage explants. In interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-treated chondrocytes, PEP-1-FK506BP12 significantly suppressed the expression of catabolic enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1, -3, and -13 in addition to cyclooxygenase-2, at both the mRNA and protein levels, whereas FK506BP12 alone did not. In addition, PEP-1-FK506BP12 decreased IL-1β-induced phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) complex (p38, JNK, and ERK) and the inhibitor kappa B alpha. In the mouse model of carrageenan-induced paw arthritis, PEP-1-FK506BP12 suppressed both carrageenan-induced MMP-13 production and paw inflammation. PEP-1-FK506BP12 may have therapeutic potential in the alleviation of OA progression. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(7): 407-412]
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sook Hwang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 431-060; Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - In Young Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 431-060; Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Young Ok Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 150-950, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 431-060; Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
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Stimulation of Dopamine D3 Receptor Attenuates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Increased Linkage With Gα12. Transplantation 2016; 99:2274-84. [PMID: 25989500 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury causes renal tubular necrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation leading to acute renal dysfunction. Recent studies have revealed that deletion of Gα12 mitigates the renal damage due to I/R injury. Our previous study showed that activation of dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) increased its linkage with Gα12, and hampered Gα12-mediated stimulation of renal sodium transport. In the present study, we used an in-vivo rat model and an in vitro study of the renal epithelial cell line (NRK52E) to investigate whether or not an increased linkage between D3R and Gα12 contributes to the protective effect of D3R on renal I/R injury. METHODS For in vivo studies, I/R injury was induced in a rat renal unilateral clamping model. For in vitro studies, hypoxia/reoxygenation and cold storage/rewarming injuries were performed in NRK52E cells. PD128907, a D3R agonist, or vehicle, was administered 15 minutes before clamping (or hypoxia) in both the in vivo or in vitro studies. RESULTS In the rat renal unilateral clamping model, pretreatment with PD128907 (0.2 mg/kg, intravenous) protected against renal I/R injury and increased survival rate during a long-term follow-up after 7 days. A decrease in the generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and inflammation may be involved in the D3R-mediated protection because pretreatment with PD128907 increased renal glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels and decreased malondialdehyde levels in the I/R group. The increase in cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10) and myeloperoxidase in I/R injured kidney was also prevented with a simultaneous decrease in the apoptosis of the epithelial cells and expression of apoptosis biomarkers in kidney harvested 1 day after I/R injury. The increase in the coimmunoprecipitation between D3R and Gα12 with D3R stimulation paralleled the observed renal protection from I/R injury. Moreover, in vitro studies showed that transient overexpression of Gα12 in the NRK52E cells attenuated the protective effect of PD128907 on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. The protective effect of PD128907 might be of significance to renal transplantation because cold storage/rewarming induced injury increased lactate dehydrogenase release and decreased cell viability in NRK52E cells. Conversely, in the presence of PD128907, the increased lactate dehydrogenase release and decreased cell viability were reversed. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that activation of D3R, by decreasing Gα12-induced renal damage, may exert a protective effect from I/R injury.
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Li N, Si B, Ju JF, Zhu M, You F, Wang D, Ren J, Ning YS, Zhang FQ, Dong K, Huang J, Yu WQ, Wang TJ, Qiao B. Nicotine Induces Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Through TRPC3-Mediated Ca 2+/NFAT Signalling Pathway. Can J Cardiol 2015; 32:1260.e1-1260.e10. [PMID: 26952156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine is thought to be an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of nicotine on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy are poorly understood. The present study was designed to explore the role of nicotine in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and its underlying mechanism. METHODS We used primary cardiomyocytes isolated from Wistar rats to examine the effects of nicotine on intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and hypertrophy determined by immunofluorescence, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis. A luciferase reporter assay was used to examine the activity of NFAT signalling. RESULTS We found that nicotine caused cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which was accompanied by increased intracellular Ca2+. Nicotine-enhanced intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was significantly abolished by store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and TRPC inhibitors. Knockdown of TRPC3 significantly decreased nicotine-induced SOCE and hypertrophy. Moreover, calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is involved in TRPC3-mediated Ca2+ signalling and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Notably, upregulation of TRPC3 by nicotine requires TRPC3-mediated Ca2+ influx and calcineurin-NFAT signalling activation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the prohypertrophic effect of nicotine on cardiomyocytes is dependent on enhanced TRPC3 expression through a calcium-dependent regulatory loop, which could become a potential target for prevention and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Biao Si
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Ji-Feng Ju
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Feng You
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Song Ning
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Feng-Quan Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Dong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Qian Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Tong-Jian Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China.
| | - Bin Qiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China.
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Maiolino G, Azzolini M, Rossi GP, Davis PA, Calò LA. Bartter/Gitelman syndromes as a model to study systemic oxidative stress in humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:51-8. [PMID: 25770663 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are intermediates in reduction-oxidation reactions that begin with the addition of one electron to molecular oxygen, generating the primary ROS superoxide, which in turn interacts with other molecules to produce secondary ROS, such as hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and peroxynitrite. ROS are continuously produced during metabolic processes and are deemed to play an important role in cardiovascular diseases, namely, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis and atherosclerosis, via oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, and deoxyribonucleic acid. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a potent vasoactive agent that also exerts mitogenic, proinflammatory, and profibrotic effects through several signaling pathways, in part involving ROS, particularly superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, Ang II stimulates NADPH oxidases, leading to higher ROS generation and oxidative stress. Bartter/Gitelman syndrome patients, despite elevated plasma renin activity, Ang II, and aldosterone levels, exhibit reduced peripheral resistance, normal/low blood pressure, and blunted pressor effect of vasoconstrictors. In addition, notwithstanding the activation of the renin-angiotensin system and the increased plasma levels of Ang II, these patients display decreased production of ROS, reduced oxidative stress, and increased antioxidant defenses. In fact, Bartter/Gitelman syndrome patients are characterized by reduced levels of p22(phox) gene expression and undetectable plasma peroxynitrite levels, while showing increased plasma antioxidant power and expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1. In conclusion, multifarious data suggest that Bartter and Gitelman syndrome patients are a model of low oxidative stress and high antioxidant defenses. The contribution offered by the study of these syndromes in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying this favorable status could offer chances for new therapeutic targets in disease characterized by high levels of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Maiolino
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Azzolini
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Rossi
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy
| | - Paul A Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lorenzo A Calò
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy.
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Tang Y, Abe N, Yoshimoto M, Zhu B, Murata Y, Nakamura Y. Benzyl isothiocyanate inhibits IL-13 expression in human basophilic KU812 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:159-63. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.963503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An allergen-stimulating cytokine, interleukin-13 (IL-13), plays a significant role in allergic inflammation. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), derived from several cruciferous vegetables, significantly suppressed the IL-13 expression in the calcium ionophore-stimulated human basophilic KU812 cells. Down-regulation of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases as well as nuclear transcriptional factors might be involved in the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tang
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Naomi Abe
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Motoko Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Autophagy and microRNA dysregulation in liver diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 37:1097-116. [PMID: 25015129 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process through which organelles and cellular components are sequestered into autophagosomes and degraded via fusion with lysosomes. Autophagy plays a role in many physiological processes, including stress responses, energy homeostasis, elimination of cellular organelles, and tissue remodeling. In addition, autophagy capacity changes in various disease states. A series of studies have shown that autophagy is strictly controlled to maintain homeostatic balance of energy metabolism and cellular organelle and protein turnover. These studies have also shown that this process is post-transcriptionally controlled by small noncoding microRNAs that regulate gene expression through complementary base pairing with mRNAs. Conversely, autophagy regulates the expression of microRNAs. Therefore, dysregulation of the link between autophagy and microRNA expression exacerbates the pathogenesis of various diseases. In this review, we summarize the roles of autophagy and microRNA dysregulation in the course of liver diseases, with the aim of understanding how microRNAs modify key autophagic effector molecules, and we discuss how this dysregulation affects both physiological and pathological conditions. This article may advance our understanding of the cellular and molecular bases of liver disease progression and promote the development of strategies for pharmacological intervention.
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Yu Y, Chen S, Xiao C, Jia Y, Guo J, Jiang J, Liu P. TRPM7 is involved in angiotensin II induced cardiac fibrosis development by mediating calcium and magnesium influx. Cell Calcium 2014; 55:252-60. [PMID: 24680379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is involved in a lot of cardiovascular pathological processes. Cardiac fibrosis can block conduction, cause hypoxia, strengthen myocardial stiffness, create electrical heterogeneity, and hamper systolic ejection, which is associated with the development of arrhythmia, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Besides the initial stimulating factors, the cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are the principal responsible cells in the fibrogenesis cascade of events. TRPM7, a member of the TRPM (Melastatin) subfamily, is a non-selective cation channel, which permeates both Ca(2+) and Mg(2+). Here we demonstrated TRPM7 expression in CFs, and 2-APB (TRPM7 inhibitor), inhibited Ang II-induced CTGF, α-SMA expression and CFs proliferation. Besides, knocking down TRPM7 by shRNA, we proved that TRPM7 mediated both calcium and magnesium changes in cardiac fibroblasts which contribute to fibrosis progress. This study suggested that TRPM7 should play a pivotal role in cardiac fibroblast functions associated to cardiac fibrosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaorui Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyao Xiao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlei Guo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Cavin S, Maric D, Diviani D. A-kinase anchoring protein-Lbc promotes pro-fibrotic signaling in cardiac fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:335-45. [PMID: 24269843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In response to stress or injury the heart undergoes an adverse remodeling process associated with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis. Transformation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts is a crucial event initiating the fibrotic process. Cardiac myofibroblasts invade the myocardium and secrete excess amounts of extracellular matrix proteins, which cause myocardial stiffening, cardiac dysfunctions and progression to heart failure. While several studies indicate that the small GTPase RhoA can promote profibrotic responses, the exchange factors that modulate its activity in cardiac fibroblasts are yet to be identified. In the present study, we show that AKAP-Lbc, an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) with an intrinsic Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity, is critical for activating RhoA and transducing profibrotic signals downstream of type I angiotensin II receptors (AT1Rs) in cardiac fibroblasts. In particular, our results indicate that suppression of AKAP-Lbc expression by infecting adult rat ventricular fibroblasts with lentiviruses encoding AKAP-Lbc specific short hairpin (sh) RNAs strongly reduces the ability of angiotensin II to promote RhoA activation, differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, collagen deposition as well as myofibroblast migration. Interestingly, AT1Rs promote AKAP-Lbc activation via a pathway that requires the α subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein G12. These findings identify AKAP-Lbc as a key Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor modulating profibrotic responses in cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Cavin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculté de Biologie et Médecine, University of Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
| | - Darko Maric
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculté de Biologie et Médecine, University of Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
| | - Dario Diviani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculté de Biologie et Médecine, University of Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland.
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Friedman JK, Nitta CH, Henderson KM, Codianni SJ, Sanchez L, Ramiro-Diaz JM, Howard TA, Giermakowska W, Kanagy NL, Gonzalez Bosc LV. Intermittent hypoxia-induced increases in reactive oxygen species activate NFATc3 increasing endothelin-1 vasoconstrictor reactivity. Vascul Pharmacol 2013; 60:17-24. [PMID: 24239798 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Sleep apnea (SA), defined as intermittent respiratory arrest during sleep, is associated with increased incidence of hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, and sudden cardiac death. We have shown that intermittent hypoxia with CO2 supplementation (IH), a model for SA, increases blood pressure and circulating ET-1 levels, upregulates lung pre-pro ET-1 mRNA, increases vasoconstrictor reactivity to ET-1 in rat small mesenteric arteries (MA) and increases vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS). NFAT activity is increased in the aorta (AO) and MA of mice exposed to IH in an ET-1-dependent manner, and the genetic ablation of the isoform NFATc3 prevents IH-induced hypertension. We hypothesized that IH causes an increase in arterial ROS generation, which activates NFATc3 to increase vasoconstrictor reactivity to ET-1. In support of our hypothesis, we found that IH increases ROS in AO and MA. In vivo administration of the SOD mimetic tempol during IH exposure prevents IH-induced increases in NFAT activity in mouse MA and AO. We found that IH causes an NFATc3-dependent increase in vasoconstrictor reactivity to ET-1, accompanied by an increase in vessel wall [Ca²⁺]. Our results indicate that IH exposure causes an increase in arterial ROS to activate NFATc3, which then increases vasoconstrictor reactivity and Ca²⁺ response to ET-1. These studies highlight a novel regulatory pathway, and demonstrate the potential clinical relevance of NFAT inhibition to prevent hypertension in SA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Friedman
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - C H Nitta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - K M Henderson
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - S J Codianni
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - L Sanchez
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - J M Ramiro-Diaz
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - T A Howard
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - W Giermakowska
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - N L Kanagy
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - L V Gonzalez Bosc
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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The overexpression of Twinkle helicase ameliorates the progression of cardiac fibrosis and heart failure in pressure overload model in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67642. [PMID: 23840758 PMCID: PMC3695923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number decreases in heart failure. In post-myocardial infarction mice, increasing mtDNA copy number by overexpressing mitochondrial transcription factor attenuates mtDNA deficiency and ameliorates pathological remodeling thereby markedly improving survival. However, the functional significance of increased mtDNA copy number in hypertensive heart disease remains unknown. We addressed this question using transgenic mice that overexpress Twinkle helicase (Twinkle; Tg), the mtDNA helicase, and examined whether Twinkle overexpression protects the heart from left ventricular (LV) remodeling and failure after pressure overload created by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Twinkle overexpression increased mtDNA copy number by 2.2±0.1-fold. Heart weight, LV diastolic volume and wall thickness were comparable between Tg and wild type littermates (WT) at 28 days after TAC operation. LV end-diastolic pressure increased in WT after TAC (8.6±2.8 mmHg), and this increase was attenuated in Tg (4.6±2.6 mmHg). Impaired LV fractional shortening after TAC operation was also suppressed in Tg, as measured by echocardiography (WT: 16.2±7.2% vs Tg: 20.7±6.2%). These LV functional improvements were accompanied by a decrease in interstitial fibrosis (WT: 10.6±1.1% vs Tg: 3.0±0.6%). In in vitro studies, overexpressing Twinkle using an adenovirus vector in cultured cardiac fibroblasts significantly suppressed mRNA of collagen 1a, collagen 3a and connective tissue growth factor, and angiotensin II-induced transforming growth factor β1 expression. The findings suggest that Twinkle overexpression prevents LV function deterioration. In conclusion, Twinkle overexpression increases mtDNA copy number and ameliorates the progression of LV fibrosis and heart failure in a mouse pressure overload model. Increasing mtDNA copy number by Twinkle overexpression could be a novel therapeutic strategy for hypertensive heart disease.
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Novel aspects of ROS signalling in heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:359. [PMID: 23740217 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure and many of the conditions that predispose to heart failure are associated with oxidative stress. This is considered to be important in the pathophysiology of the condition but clinical trials of antioxidant approaches to prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have been unsuccessful. Part of the reason for this may be the failure to appreciate the complexity of the effects of reactive oxygen species. At one extreme, excessive oxidative stress damages membranes, proteins and DNA but lower levels of reactive oxygen species may exert much more subtle and specific regulatory effects (termed redox signalling), even on physiological signalling pathways. In this article, we review our current understanding of the roles of such redox signalling pathways in the pathophysiology of heart failure, including effects on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy signalling, excitation-contraction coupling, arrhythmia, cell viability and energetics. Reactive oxygen species generated by NADPH oxidase proteins appear to be especially important in redox signalling. The delineation of specific redox-sensitive pathways and mechanisms that contribute to different components of the failing heart phenotype may facilitate the development of newer targeted therapies as opposed to the failed general antioxidant approaches of the past.
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Kundumani-Sridharan V, Singh NK, Kumar S, Gadepalli R, Rao GN. Nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 mediates p21-activated kinase 1 activation in the modulation of chemokine-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell F-actin stress fiber formation, migration, and proliferation and injury-induced vascular wall remodeling. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22150-62. [PMID: 23737530 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.454082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent literature suggests that cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) mediate cell migration. However, the mechanisms were not known. Therefore, the objective of this study is to test whether cyclin/CDKs activate Pak1, an effector of Rac1, whose involvement in the modulation of cell migration and proliferation is well established. Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1) induced Pak1 phosphorylation/activation in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) in a delayed time-dependent manner. MCP1 also stimulated F-actin stress fiber formation in a delayed manner in HASMCs, as well as the migration and proliferation of these cells. Inhibition of Pak1 suppressed MCP1-induced HASMC F-actin stress fiber formation, migration, and proliferation. MCP1 induced cyclin D1 expression as well as CDK6 and CDK4 activities, and these effects were dependent on activation of NFATc1. Depletion of NFATc1, cyclin D1, CDK6, or CDK4 levels attenuated MCP1-induced Pak1 phosphorylation/activation and resulted in decreased HASMC F-actin stress fiber formation, migration, and proliferation. CDK4, which appeared to be activated downstream of CDK6, formed a complex with Pak1 in response to MCP1. MCP1 also activated Rac1 in a time-dependent manner, and depletion/inhibition of its levels/activation abrogated MCP1-induced NFATc1-cyclin D1-CDK6-CDK4-Pak1 signaling and, thereby, decreased HASMC F-actin stress fiber formation, migration, and proliferation. In addition, smooth muscle-specific deletion of NFATc1 led to decreased cyclin D1 expression and CDK6, CDK4, and Pak1 activities, resulting in reduced neointima formation in response to injury. Thus, these observations reveal that Pak1 is a downstream effector of CDK4 and Rac1-dependent, NFATc1-mediated cyclin D1 expression and CDK6 activity mediate this effect. In addition, smooth muscle-specific deletion of NFATc1 prevented the capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells for MCP-1-induced activation of the cyclin D1-CDK6-CDK4-Pak1 signaling axis, affecting their migration and proliferation in vitro and injury-induced neointima formation in vivo.
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Ramiro-Diaz JM, Nitta CH, Maston LD, Codianni S, Giermakowska W, Resta TC, Gonzalez Bosc LV. NFAT is required for spontaneous pulmonary hypertension in superoxide dismutase 1 knockout mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L613-25. [PMID: 23475768 PMCID: PMC3652021 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00408.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated reactive oxygen species are implicated in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) limits superoxide bioavailability, and decreased SOD activity is associated with PH. A decrease in SOD activity is expected to increase superoxide and reduce hydrogen peroxide levels. Such an imbalance of superoxide/hydrogen peroxide has been implicated as a mediator of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activation in epidermal cells. We have shown that NFATc3 is required for chronic hypoxia-induced PH. However, it is unknown whether NFATc3 is activated in the pulmonary circulation in a mouse model of decreased SOD1 activity and whether this leads to PH. Therefore, we hypothesized that an elevated pulmonary arterial superoxide/hydrogen peroxide ratio activates NFATc3, leading to PH. We found that SOD1 knockout (KO) mice have elevated pulmonary arterial wall superoxide and decreased hydrogen peroxide levels compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was elevated in SOD1 KO and was associated with pulmonary arterial remodeling. Vasoreactivity to endothelin-1 was also greater in SOD1 KO vs. WT mice. NFAT activity and NFATc3 nuclear localization were increased in pulmonary arteries from SOD1 KO vs. WT mice. Administration of A-285222 (selective NFAT inhibitor) decreased RVSP, arterial wall thickness, vasoreactivity, and NFAT activity in SOD1 KO mice to WT levels. The SOD mimetic, tempol, also reduced NFAT activity, NFATc3 nuclear localization, and RVSP to WT levels. These findings suggest that an elevated superoxide/hydrogen peroxide ratio activates NFAT in pulmonary arteries, which induces vascular remodeling and increases vascular reactivity leading to PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Ramiro-Diaz
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Motojima H, Villareal MO, Iijima R, Han J, Isoda H. Acteoside inhibits type Ι allergy through the down-regulation of Ca/NFAT and JNK MAPK signaling pathways in basophilic cells. J Nat Med 2013; 67:790-8. [PMID: 23494816 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-013-0753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that acteoside inhibits the release of β-hexosaminidase from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-sensitized and bovine serum albumin-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia cells as well as the intracellular calcium level, release of histamine from, and production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-4 in human basophilic (KU812) cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-allergic effects of acteoside has not yet been elucidated. Here, we used microarray analysis to determine the global gene expression profile of KU812 cells treated with acteoside and calcium ionophore A23187 plus phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (A23187+PMA), and the results were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. Microarray analysis results showed that of the 201 genes in the microarray, 149 genes were up-regulated, while 52 genes were down-regulated. The significantly down-regulated genes have functions as chemokine and IgE receptors, as well as for immune response. Results of the validation of the microarray results using real-time PCR showed a significant decrease in the expressions of Fc fragment of IgE, high affinity I, receptor for; alpha polypeptide (FCER1A) and nuclear factor of activated T cell, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 1 (NFATC1) genes. Furthermore, Western blotting showed a decrease in the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Jun N terminal kinase (JNK), revealing the role of JNK MAPK in acteoside-mediated allergy inhibition. We determined that the anti-allergy effects of acteoside were due to the down-regulation of the expressions of the chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1), CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, FCER1A and NFATC1 genes and the inhibition of the MAPK pathway through decreased JNK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideko Motojima
- Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
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Maekawa K, Hirayama A, Iwata Y, Tajima Y, Nishimaki-Mogami T, Sugawara S, Ueno N, Abe H, Ishikawa M, Murayama M, Matsuzawa Y, Nakanishi H, Ikeda K, Arita M, Taguchi R, Minamino N, Wakabayashi S, Soga T, Saito Y. Global metabolomic analysis of heart tissue in a hamster model for dilated cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 59:76-85. [PMID: 23454301 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a common cause of heart failure, is characterized by cardiac dilation and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the mechanistic basis, we performed global metabolomic analysis of myocardial tissues from the left ventricles of J2N-k cardiomyopathic hamsters. This model exhibits symptoms similar to those of human DCM, owing to the deletion of the δ-sarcoglycan gene. Charged and lipid metabolites were measured by capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography MS(/MS), respectively, and J2N-k hamsters were compared with J2N-n healthy controls at 4 (presymptomatic phase) and 16weeks (symptomatic) of age. Disturbances in membrane phospholipid homeostasis were initiated during the presymptomatic phase. Significantly different levels of charged metabolites, occurring mainly in the symptomatic phase, were mapped to primary metabolic pathways. Reduced levels of metabolites in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, together with large decreases in major triacylglycerol levels, suggested that decreased energy production leads to cardiac contractile dysfunction in the symptomatic phase. A mild reduction in glutathione and a compensatory increase in ophthalmate levels suggest increased oxidative stress in diseased tissues, which was confirmed by histochemical staining. Increased levels of 4 eicosanoids, including prostaglandin (PG) E2 and 6-keto-PGF1α, in the symptomatic phase suggested activation of the protective response pathways. These results provide mechanistic insights into DCM pathogenesis and may help identify new targets for therapeutic intervention and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Maekawa
- Project Team for Disease Metabolomics, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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Abstract
Redox signaling refers to the specific and usually reversible oxidation/reduction modification of molecules involved in cellular signaling pathways. In the heart, redox signaling regulates several physiological processes (eg, excitation-contraction coupling) and is involved in a wide variety of pathophysiological and homoeostatic or stress response pathways. Reactive oxygen species involved in cardiac redox signaling may derive from many sources, but NADPH oxidases, as dedicated sources of signaling reactive oxygen species, seem to be especially important. An increasing number of specific posttranslational oxidative modifications involved in cardiac redox signaling are being defined, along with the reactive oxygen species sources that are involved. Here, we review current knowledge on the molecular targets of signaling reactive oxygen species in cardiac cells and their involvement in cardiac physiopathology. Advances in this field may allow the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for conditions such as heart failure as opposed to the general antioxidant approaches that have failed to date.
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Nakaya M, Chikura S, Watari K, Mizuno N, Mochinaga K, Mangmool S, Koyanagi S, Ohdo S, Sato Y, Ide T, Nishida M, Kurose H. Induction of cardiac fibrosis by β-blocker in G protein-independent and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5/β-arrestin2-dependent Signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:35669-35677. [PMID: 22888001 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.357871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have long been known as receptors that activate G protein-dependent cellular signaling pathways. In addition to the G protein-dependent pathways, recent reports have revealed that several ligands called "biased ligands" elicit G protein-independent and β-arrestin-dependent signaling through GPCRs (biased agonism). Several β-blockers are known as biased ligands. All β-blockers inhibit the binding of agonists to the β-adrenergic receptors. In addition to β-blocking action, some β-blockers are reported to induce cellular responses through G protein-independent and β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathways. However, the physiological significance induced by the β-arrestin-dependent pathway remains much to be clarified in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that metoprolol, a β(1)-adrenergic receptor-selective blocker, could induce cardiac fibrosis through a G protein-independent and β-arrestin2-dependent pathway. Metoprolol, a β-blocker, increased the expression of fibrotic genes responsible for cardiac fibrosis in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, metoprolol induced the interaction between β(1)-adrenergic receptor and β-arrestin2, but not β-arrestin1. The interaction between β(1)-adrenergic receptor and β-arrestin2 by metoprolol was impaired in the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5)-knockdown cells. Metoprolol-induced cardiac fibrosis led to cardiac dysfunction. However, the metoprolol-induced fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction were not evoked in β-arrestin2- or GRK5-knock-out mice. Thus, metoprolol is a biased ligand that selectively activates a G protein-independent and GRK5/β-arrestin2-dependent pathway, and induces cardiac fibrosis. This study demonstrates the physiological importance of biased agonism, and suggests that G protein-independent and β-arrestin-dependent signaling is a reason for the diversity of the effectiveness of β-blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Nakaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Satsuki Chikura
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Kenji Watari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Natsumi Mizuno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Koji Mochinaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Shigehiro Ohdo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582.
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Chronic C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Infusion Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Myocardial Superoxide Production and Cardiac Remodeling. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:246058. [PMID: 22848833 PMCID: PMC3405723 DOI: 10.1155/2012/246058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial oxidative stress and inflammation are key mechanisms in cardiovascular remodeling. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an endothelium-derived cardioprotective factor, although its effect on cardiac superoxide generation has not been investigated in vivo. This study tested the hypothesis that suppression of superoxide production contributes to the cardioprotective action of CNP. Angiotensin II (Ang II) or saline was continuously infused subcutaneously into mice using an osmotic minipump. Simultaneously with the initiation of Ang II treatment, mice were infused with CNP (0.05 μg/kg/min) or vehicle for 2 weeks. The heart weight to tibial length ratio was significantly increased by Ang II in vehicle-treated mice. Treatment with CNP decreased Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy without affecting systolic blood pressure. Echocardiography showed that CNP attenuated Ang II-induced increase in wall thickness, left ventricular dilatation, and decrease in fractional shortening. CNP reduced Ang II-induced increases in cardiomyocyte size and interstitial fibrosis and suppressed hypertrophic- and fibrosis-related gene expression. Finally, CNP decreased Ang II-induced cardiac superoxide production. These changes were accompanied by suppression of NOX4 gene expression. Our data indicate that treatment with CNP attenuated Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and contractile dysfunction which were accompanied by reduced cardiac superoxide production.
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Fujino T, Ide T, Yoshida M, Onitsuka K, Tanaka A, Hata Y, Nishida M, Takehara T, Kanemaru T, Kitajima N, Takazaki S, Kurose H, Kang D, Sunagawa K. Recombinant mitochondrial transcription factor A protein inhibits nuclear factor of activated T cells signaling and attenuates pathological hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes. Mitochondrion 2012; 12:449-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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45
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Inhibitory effects of enalaprilat on rat cardiac fibroblast proliferation via ROS/P38MAPK/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Molecules 2012; 17:2738-51. [PMID: 22395404 PMCID: PMC6268937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17032738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enalaprilat (Ena.), an angiotensin II (Ang II) converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), can produce some therapeutic effects on hypertension, ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial remodeling in clinic, but its precise mechanism, especially its signaling pathways remain elusive. In this study, cardiac fibroblasts (CFb) was isolated by the trypsin digestion method; a BrdU proliferation assay was adopted to determine cell proliferation; an immunofluorescence assay was used to measure intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS); immunocytochemistry staining and Western blotting assay were used to detect phosphorylated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) protein expression, respectively. The results showed that Ang II (10–7 M) stimulated the cardiac fibroblast proliferation which was inhibited by NAC (an antioxidant), SB203580 (a p38MAPK inhibitor) or enalaprilat; Ang II caused an burst of intracellular ROS level within thirty minutes, an increase in p-p38MAPK (3.6-fold of that in the control group), as well as an elevation of TGF-β1 meantime; NAC, an antioxidant, and enalaprilat treatment attenuated cardiac fibroblast proliferation induced by Ang II and decreased ROS and p-p38MAPK protein levels in rat cardiac fibroblast; SB203580 lowered TGF-β1 protein expression in rats’ CFb in a dose-dependent manner. It could be concluded that enalaprilat can inhibit the cardiac fibroblast proliferation induced by Ang II via blocking ROS/P38MAPK/TGF-β1 signaling pathways and the study provides a theoretical proof for the application of ACEIs in treating myocardial fibrosis and discovering the primary mechanism through which ACEIs inhibit CFb proliferation.
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Multifaceted cardiac signal transduction mediated by G protein-coupled receptors: Potential target sites where an unambiguous attention is needed for exploring new drugs for cardiovascular disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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47
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Tilley DG. G protein-dependent and G protein-independent signaling pathways and their impact on cardiac function. Circ Res 2011; 109:217-30. [PMID: 21737817 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.231225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors signal through a variety of mechanisms that impact cardiac function, including contractility and hypertrophy. G protein-dependent and G protein-independent pathways each have the capacity to initiate numerous intracellular signaling cascades to mediate these effects. G protein-dependent signaling has been studied for decades and great strides continue to be made in defining the intricate pathways and effectors regulated by G proteins and their impact on cardiac function. G protein-independent signaling is a relatively newer concept that is being explored more frequently in the cardiovascular system. Recent studies have begun to reveal how cardiac function may be regulated via G protein-independent signaling, especially with respect to the ever-expanding cohort of β-arrestin-mediated processes. This review primarily focuses on the impact of both G protein-dependent and β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathways on cardiac function, highlighting the most recent data that illustrate the comprehensive nature of these mechanisms of G protein-coupled receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Tilley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, and Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, 402 College Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Nishida M, Kitajima N, Saiki S, Nakaya M, Kurose H. Regulation of Angiotensin II receptor signaling by cysteine modification of NF-κB. Nitric Oxide 2011; 25:112-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Copaja M, Venegas D, Aránguiz P, Canales J, Vivar R, Catalán M, Olmedo I, Rodríguez AE, Chiong M, Leyton L, Lavandero S, Díaz-Araya G. Simvastatin induces apoptosis by a Rho-dependent mechanism in cultured cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 255:57-64. [PMID: 21651924 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several clinical trials have shown the beneficial effects of statins in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Additionally, statins promote apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells, in renal tubular epithelial cells and also in a variety of cell lines; yet, the effects of statins on cardiac fibroblast and myofibroblast, primarily responsible for cardiac tissue healing are almost unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of simvastatin on cardiac fibroblast and myofibroblast viability and studied the molecular cell death mechanism triggered by simvastatin in both cell types. METHODS Rat neonatal cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts were treated with simvastatin (0.1-10μM) up to 72h. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by trypan blue exclusion method and by flow cytometry, respectively. Caspase-3 activation and Rho protein levels and activity were also determined by Western blot and pull-down assay, respectively. RESULTS Simvastatin induces caspase-dependent apoptosis of cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with greater effects on fibroblasts than myofibroblasts. These effects were prevented by mevalonate, farnesylpyrophosphate and geranylgeranylpyrophosphate, but not squalene. These last results suggest that apoptosis was dependent on small GTPases of the Rho family rather than Ras. CONCLUSION Simvastatin triggered apoptosis of cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts by a mechanism independent of cholesterol synthesis, but dependent of isoprenilation of Rho protein. Additionally, cardiac fibroblasts were more susceptible to simvastatin-induced apoptosis than cardiac myofibroblasts. Thus simvastatin could avoid adverse cardiac remodeling leading to a less fibrotic repair of the damaged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Copaja
- Centro FONDAP Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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50
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Kitajima N, Watanabe K, Morimoto S, Sato Y, Kiyonaka S, Hoshijima M, Ikeda Y, Nakaya M, Ide T, Mori Y, Kurose H, Nishida M. TRPC3-mediated Ca2+ influx contributes to Rac1-mediated production of reactive oxygen species in MLP-deficient mouse hearts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 409:108-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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