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Dave KM, Venna VR, Rao KS, Stolz DB, Brady B, Quaicoe VA, Maniskas ME, Hildebrand EE, Green D, Chen M, Milosevic J, Zheng SY, Shiva SS, McCullough LD, S Manickam D. Mitochondria-containing extracellular vesicles from mouse vs. human brain endothelial cells for ischemic stroke therapy. J Control Release 2024; 373:803-822. [PMID: 39084466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the blood-brain barrier-forming brain endothelial cells (BECs) results in long-term neurological dysfunction post-stroke. We previously reported data from a pilot study where intravenous administration of human BEC (hBEC)-derived mitochondria-containing extracellular vesicles (EVs) showed a potential efficacy signal in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model of stroke. We hypothesized that EVs harvested from donor species homologous to the recipient species (e.g., mouse) may improve therapeutic efficacy, and therefore, use of mouse BEC (mBEC)-derived EVs may improve post-stroke outcomes in MCAo mice. We investigated potential differences in the mitochondria transfer of EVs derived from the same species as the recipient cell (mBEC-EVs and recipient mBECs or hBECs-EVs and recipient hBECs) vs. cross-species EVs and recipient cells (mBEC-EVs and recipient hBECs or vice versa). Our results showed that while both hBEC- and mBEC-EVs transferred EV mitochondria, mBEC-EVs outperformed hBEC-EVs in increasing ATP levels and improved recipient mBEC mitochondrial function via increasing oxygen consumption rates. mBEC-EVs significantly reduced brain infarct volume and neurological deficit scores compared to vehicle-injected MCAo mice. The superior therapeutic efficacy of mBEC-EVs in MCAo mice support the continued use of mBEC-EVs to optimize the therapeutic potential of mitochondria-containing EVs in preclinical mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandarp M Dave
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Venugopal R Venna
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Krithika S Rao
- Pittsburgh Heart Lung Blood Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Bodhi Brady
- Human Biology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States of America
| | - Victoria A Quaicoe
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael E Maniskas
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Ella E Hildebrand
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Psychology, Westminster College, New Wilmington, PA, United States of America
| | - Dawson Green
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Mingxi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Jadranka Milosevic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Captis Diagnostics Inc, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Si-Yang Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Sruti S Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart Lung Blood Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Devika S Manickam
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
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2
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Dave KM, Venna VR, Rao KS, Stolz DB, Brady B, Quaicoe VA, Maniskas ME, Hildebrand EE, Green D, Chen M, Milosevic J, Zheng SY, Shiva SS, McCullough LD, Manickam DS. Mitochondria-containing extracellular vesicles from mouse vs . human brain endothelial cells for ischemic stroke therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.16.575903. [PMID: 38293207 PMCID: PMC10827130 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.16.575903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the blood-brain barrier-forming brain endothelial cells ( BECs ) results in long-term neurological dysfunction post-stroke. We previously data from a pilot study where intravenous administration of human BEC ( hBEC )-derived mitochondria-containing extracellular vesicles ( EVs ) showed a potential efficacy signal in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAo ) model of stroke. We hypothesized that EVs harvested from donor species homologous to the recipient species ( e.g., mouse) may improve therapeutic efficacy, and therefore, use of mouse BEC ( mBEC )-derived EVs may improve post-stroke outcomes in MCAo mice. We investigated potential differences in the mitochondria transfer of EVs derived from the same species as the recipient cell (mBEC-EVs and recipient mBECs or hBECs-EVs and recipient hBECs) vs . cross-species EVs and recipient cells (mBEC-EVs and recipient hBECs or vice versa ). Our results showed that while both hBEC- and mBEC-EVs transferred EV mitochondria, mBEC-EVs outperformed hBEC-EVs in increasing ATP levels and improved recipient mBEC mitochondrial function via increasing oxygen consumption rates. mBEC-EVs significantly reduced brain infarct volume and neurological deficit scores compared to vehicle-injected MCAo mice. The superior therapeutic efficacy of mBEC-EVs in a mouse MCAo stroke support the continued use of mBEC-EVs to optimize the therapeutic potential of mitochondria-containing EVs in preclinical mouse models.
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3
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Loan A, Syal C, Lui M, He L, Wang J. Promising use of metformin in treating neurological disorders: biomarker-guided therapies. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1045-1055. [PMID: 37862207 PMCID: PMC10749596 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a diverse group of conditions that affect the nervous system and include neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease), cerebrovascular conditions (stroke), and neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder). Although they affect millions of individuals around the world, only a limited number of effective treatment options are available today. Since most neurological disorders express mitochondria-related metabolic perturbations, metformin, a biguanide type II antidiabetic drug, has attracted a lot of attention to be repurposed to treat neurological disorders by correcting their perturbed energy metabolism. However, controversial research emerges regarding the beneficial/detrimental effects of metformin on these neurological disorders. Given that most neurological disorders have complex etiology in their pathophysiology and are influenced by various risk factors such as aging, lifestyle, genetics, and environment, it is important to identify perturbed molecular functions that can be targeted by metformin in these neurological disorders. These molecules can then be used as biomarkers to stratify subpopulations of patients who show distinct molecular/pathological properties and can respond to metformin treatment, ultimately developing targeted therapy. In this review, we will discuss mitochondria-related metabolic perturbations and impaired molecular pathways in these neurological disorders and how these can be used as biomarkers to guide metformin-responsive treatment for the targeted therapy to treat neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Loan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Charvi Syal
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Margarita Lui
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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4
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Weng Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Lin X, Guo Z, Hu H, Shao W, Yu G, Zheng F, Cai P, Li H, Wu S. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of cellular heterogeneity and pathogenic mechanisms in paraquat-induced Parkinson's disease with depression. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116169. [PMID: 38447518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is among the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, and approximately one third of patients with PD are estimated to have depression. Paraquat (PQ) exposure is an important environmental risk factor for PD. In this study, we established a mouse model of PQ-induced PD with depression to comprehensively investigate cellular heterogeneity and the mechanisms underlying the progression of depression in the context of PD. We utilized single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to acquire the transcriptomic atlas of individual cells from model mice and characterize the gene expression profiles in each differentially expressed cell type. We identified a specific glutamatergic neuron cluster responsible for the development of heterogeneous depression-associated changes and established a comprehensive gene expression atlas. Furthermore, functional enrichment and cell trajectory analyses revealed that the mechanisms underlying the progression of PD with depression were associated with specific glutamatergic neurons. Together, our findings provide a valuable resource for deciphering the cellular heterogeneity of PD with depression. The suggested connection between intrinsic transcriptional states of neurons and the progression of depression can provide insight into potential biomarkers and specific targets for anti-depression treatment in patients with PD. SYNOPSIS: Our results obtained using model mice confirm the core effects of PQ exposure on glutamatergic neurons and their potential role in the development of PD with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Weng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yinhan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xinpei Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wenya Shao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Guangxia Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Ping Cai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Siying Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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5
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Fukuda N, Toriuchi K, Mimoto R, Aoki H, Kakita H, Suzuki Y, Takeshita S, Tamura T, Yamamura H, Inoue Y, Hayashi H, Yamada Y, Aoyama M. Hypothermia Attenuates Neurotoxic Microglial Activation via TRPV4. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:800-813. [PMID: 38112974 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) provides neuroprotection. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of TH are not fully elucidated. Regulation of microglial activation has the potential to treat a variety of nervous system diseases. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a nonselective cation channel, is activated by temperature stimulus at 27-35 °C. Although it is speculated that TRPV4 is associated with the neuroprotective mechanisms of TH, the role of TRPV4 in the neuroprotective effects of TH is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated whether hypothermia attenuates microglial activation via TRPV4 channels. Cultured microglia were incubated under normothermic (37 °C) or hypothermic (33.5 °C) conditions following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Hypothermic conditions suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and the number of phagocytic microglia. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-NF-κB signaling was inhibited under hypothermic conditions. Furthermore, hypothermia reduced neuronal damage induced by LPS-treated microglial cells. Treatment with TRPV4 antagonist in normothermic culture replicated the suppressive effects of hypothermia on microglial activation and microglia-induced neuronal damage. In contrast, treatment with a TRPV4 agonist in hypothermic culture reversed the suppressive effect of hypothermia. These findings suggest that TH suppresses microglial activation and microglia-induced neuronal damage via the TRPV4-AMPK-NF-κB pathway. Although more validation is needed to consider differences according to age, sex, and specific central nervous system regions, our findings may offer a novel therapeutic approach to complement TH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Fukuda
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabedori, Mizoho-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kohki Toriuchi
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabedori, Mizoho-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Rina Mimoto
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabedori, Mizoho-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Aoki
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabedori, Mizoho-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakita
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabedori, Mizoho-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabedori, Mizoho-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Satoru Takeshita
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabedori, Mizoho-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tamura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabedori, Mizoho-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Inoue
- Department of Cell Signaling, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
- Department of Innovative Therapeutic Sciences, Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
- Department of Innovative Therapeutic Sciences, Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Yamada
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabedori, Mizoho-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
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Choudhury D, Rong N, Senthil Kumar HV, Swedick S, Samuel RZ, Mehrotra P, Toftegaard J, Rajabian N, Thiyagarajan R, Podder AK, Wu Y, Shahini S, Seldeen KL, Troen B, Lei P, Andreadis ST. Proline restores mitochondrial function and reverses aging hallmarks in senescent cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113738. [PMID: 38354087 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of cellular senescence, with the loss of mitochondrial function identified as a potential causal factor contributing to senescence-associated decline in cellular functions. Our recent findings revealed that ectopic expression of the pluripotency transcription factor NANOG rejuvenates dysfunctional mitochondria of senescent cells by rewiring metabolic pathways. In this study, we report that NANOG restores the expression of key enzymes, PYCR1 and PYCR2, in the proline biosynthesis pathway. Additionally, senescent mesenchymal stem cells manifest severe mitochondrial respiratory impairment, which is alleviated through proline supplementation. Proline induces mitophagy by activating AMP-activated protein kinase α and upregulating Parkin expression, enhancing mitochondrial clearance and ultimately restoring cell metabolism. Notably, proline treatment also mitigates several aging hallmarks, including DNA damage, senescence-associated β-galactosidase, inflammatory cytokine expressions, and impaired myogenic differentiation capacity. Overall, this study highlights the role of proline in mitophagy and its potential in reversing senescence-associated mitochondrial dysfunction and aging hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanik Choudhury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Na Rong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | | | - Sydney Swedick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Ronel Z Samuel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Pihu Mehrotra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - John Toftegaard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Nika Rajabian
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Ramkumar Thiyagarajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Ashis K Podder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Yulun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Shahryar Shahini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Kenneth L Seldeen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Bruce Troen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Pedro Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Center for Cell, Gene and Tissue Engineering (CGTE), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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7
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Cho SY, Kim EW, Park SJ, Phillips BU, Jeong J, Kim H, Heath CJ, Kim D, Jang Y, López-Cruz L, Saksida LM, Bussey TJ, Lee DY, Kim E. Reconsidering repurposing: long-term metformin treatment impairs cognition in Alzheimer's model mice. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:34. [PMID: 38238285 PMCID: PMC10796941 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a primary anti-diabetic medication, has been anticipated to provide benefits for Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known as "type 3 diabetes". Nevertheless, some studies have demonstrated that metformin may trigger AD pathology and even elevate AD risk in humans. Despite this, limited research has elucidated the behavioral outcomes of metformin treatment, which would hold significant translational value. Thus, we aimed to perform thorough behavioral research on the prolonged administration of metformin to mice: We administered metformin (300 mg/kg/day) to transgenic 3xTg-AD and non-transgenic (NT) C57BL/6 mice over 1 and 2 years, respectively, and evaluated their behaviors across multiple domains via touchscreen operant chambers, including motivation, attention, memory, visual discrimination, and cognitive flexibility. We found metformin enhanced attention, inhibitory control, and associative learning in younger NT mice (≤16 months). However, chronic treatment led to impairments in memory retention and discrimination learning at older age. Furthermore, metformin caused learning and memory impairment and increased levels of AMPKα1-subunit, β-amyloid oligomers, plaques, phosphorylated tau, and GSK3β expression in AD mice. No changes in potential confounding factors on cognition, including levels of motivation, locomotion, appetite, body weight, blood glucose, and serum vitamin B12, were observed in metformin-treated AD mice. We also identified an enhanced amyloidogenic pathway in db/db mice, as well as in Neuro2a-APP695 cells and a decrease in synaptic markers, such as PSD-95 and synaptophysin in primary neurons, upon metformin treatment. Our findings collectively suggest that the repurposing of metformin should be carefully reconsidered when this drug is used for individuals with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Cho
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory for Alzheimer's Molecular Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Metabolism-Dementia Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Woo Kim
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nursing, Seoyeong University, Gwangju, 61268, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin U Phillips
- Department of Psychology, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Jihyeon Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory for Alzheimer's Molecular Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Metabolism-Dementia Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory for Alzheimer's Molecular Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Metabolism-Dementia Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher J Heath
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yurim Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Laura López-Cruz
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Lisa M Saksida
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, N6A 5K8, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Timothy J Bussey
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, N6A 5K8, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Do Yup Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eosu Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory for Alzheimer's Molecular Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Metabolism-Dementia Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Akiyama N, Yamashiro T, Ninomiya I, Uemura M, Hattori Y, Ihara M, Onodera O, Kanazawa M. Neuroprotective effects of oral metformin before stroke on cerebral small-vessel disease. J Neurol Sci 2024; 456:122812. [PMID: 38043334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.122812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin (MET) treatment prior to stroke might have neuroprotective effects other than hypoglycemic effects. This study evaluated whether MET treatment prior to stroke is associated with neurological severity and functional outcome in patients with stroke who were not indicated for endovascular treatment and whether the effects of MET differ for each ischemic stroke subtype. METHODS We investigated 160 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with ischemic stroke without endovascular treatment who were taking some oral antidiabetic agents prior to stroke in two tertiary hospitals. Lower neurological severity was defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 3 or lower on admission, and favorable functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score = 0-2 at discharge. We analyzed the effects of MET on the neurological severity and functional outcome in each ischemic stroke subtype on logistic regression analysis with adjustments for multiple confounding factors. RESULTS MET treatment prior to stroke was associated with lower stroke severity and favorable functional outcome. In the stroke subtypes, MET use affected both neurological severity (P = 0.037) and functional outcome (P = 0.041) in only patients with small-vessel disease (SVD). CONCLUSIONS MET may be useful to improve the outcome of patients with SVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Akiyama
- Departments of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamashiro
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Itaru Ninomiya
- Departments of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Uemura
- Departments of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Yorito Hattori
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Departments of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Masato Kanazawa
- Departments of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata 951-8585, Japan.
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9
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Qu W, Ralto KM, Qin T, Cheng Y, Zong W, Luo X, Perez-Pinzon M, Parikh SM, Ayata C. NAD + precursor nutritional supplements sensitize the brain to future ischemic events. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:37-48. [PMID: 37434361 PMCID: PMC10638999 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231156500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a redox cofactor critical for oxidative phosphorylation. Nicotinamide (NAM) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) are NAD+ precursors widely used as nutritional supplements to augment oxidative phosphorylation. Indeed, NAD+ precursors have been reported to improve outcomes in ischemic stroke when administered as a rescue therapy after stroke onset. However, we have also reported that enhanced reliance on oxidative phosphorylation before ischemia onset might worsen outcomes. To address the paradox, we examined how NAD+ precursors modulate the outcome of middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice, when administered either 20 minutes after reperfusion or daily for three days before ischemia onset. A single post-ischemic dose of NAM or NR indeed improved tissue and neurologic outcomes examined at 72 hours. In contrast, pre-ischemic treatment for three days enlarged the infarcts and worsened neurological deficits. As a possible explanation for the diametric outcomes, a single dose of NAM or NR augmented tissue AMPK, PGC1α, SIRT1, and ATP in both naïve and ischemic brains, while the multiple-dose paradigm failed to do so. Our data suggest that NAD+ precursor supplements may sensitize the brain to subsequent ischemic events, despite their neuroprotective effect when administered after ischemia onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Qu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth M Ralto
- Division of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Medicine, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yinhong Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weifeng Zong
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Miguel Perez-Pinzon
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Laboratories, Department of Neurology, The University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Samir M Parikh
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Medicine, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Liu L, Hao M, Zhang J, Chen Z, Zhou J, Wang C, Zhang H, Wang J. FSHR-mTOR-HIF1 signaling alleviates mouse follicles from AMPK-induced atresia. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113158. [PMID: 37733588 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of activated ovarian follicles undergo atresia during reproductive life in mammals, and only a small number of follicles are ovulated. Though hormone treatment has been widely used to promote folliculogenesis, the molecular mechanism behind follicle selection and atresia remains under debate due to inconsistency among investigation models. Using a high-throughput molecular pathology strategy, we depicted a transcriptional atlas of mouse follicular granulosa cells (GCs) under physiological condition and obtained molecular signatures in healthy and atresia GCs during development. Functional results revealed hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) as a major effector downstream of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and HIF1 activation is essential for follicle growth. Energy shortage leads to prevalent AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and drives follicular atresia. FSHR-mTOR-HIF1 signaling helps follicles escape from the atresia fate, while energy stress persists. Our work provides a comprehensive understanding of the molecular network behind follicle selection and atresia under physiological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longping Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School, Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials, Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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11
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Nagase T, Kin K, Yasuhara T. Targeting Neurogenesis in Seeking Novel Treatments for Ischemic Stroke. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2773. [PMID: 37893146 PMCID: PMC10604112 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interruption of cerebral blood flow leads to ischemic cell death and results in ischemic stroke. Although ischemic stroke is one of the most important causes of long-term disability and mortality, limited treatments are available for functional recovery. Therefore, extensive research has been conducted to identify novel treatments. Neurogenesis is regarded as a fundamental mechanism of neural plasticity. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting neurogenesis are thought to be promising. Basic research has found that therapeutic intervention including cell therapy, rehabilitation, and pharmacotherapy increased neurogenesis and was accompanied by functional recovery after ischemic stroke. In this review, we consolidated the current knowledge of the relationship between neurogenesis and treatment for ischemic stroke. It revealed that many treatments for ischemic stroke, including clinical and preclinical ones, have enhanced brain repair and functional recovery post-stroke along with neurogenesis. However, the intricate mechanisms of neurogenesis and its impact on stroke recovery remain areas of extensive research, with numerous factors and pathways involved. Understanding neurogenesis will lead to more effective stroke treatments, benefiting not only stroke patients but also those with other neurological disorders. Further research is essential to bridge the gap between preclinical discoveries and clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nagase
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takao Yasuhara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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12
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Chen B, Jin W. A comprehensive review of stroke-related signaling pathways and treatment in western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1200061. [PMID: 37351420 PMCID: PMC10282194 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides insight into the complex network of signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in stroke pathophysiology. It summarizes the historical progress of stroke-related signaling pathways, identifying potential interactions between them and emphasizing that stroke is a complex network disease. Of particular interest are the Hippo signaling pathway and ferroptosis signaling pathway, which remain understudied areas of research, and are therefore a focus of the review. The involvement of multiple signaling pathways, including Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, and AMPK in pathophysiological mechanisms such as oxidative stress and apoptosis, highlights the complexity of stroke. The review also delves into the details of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapies such as Rehmanniae and Astragalus, providing an analysis of the recent status of western medicine in the treatment of stroke and the advantages and disadvantages of TCM and western medicine in stroke treatment. The review proposes that since stroke is a network disease, TCM has the potential and advantages of a multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism of action in the treatment of stroke. Therefore, it is suggested that future research should explore more treasures of TCM and develop new therapies from the perspective of stroke as a network disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhao Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Hong DK, Eom JW, Kho AR, Lee SH, Kang BS, Lee SH, Koh JY, Kim YH, Choi BY, Suh SW. The Inhibition of Zinc Excitotoxicity and AMPK Phosphorylation by a Novel Zinc Chelator, 2G11, Ameliorates Neuronal Death Induced by Global Cerebral Ischemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2192. [PMID: 36358564 PMCID: PMC9686920 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is necessary for maintaining a positive energy balance and essential cellular processes such as glycolysis, gene transcription, glucose uptake, and several other biological functions. However, brain injury-induced energy and metabolic stressors, such as cerebral ischemia, increase AMPK phosphorylation. Phosphorylated AMPK contributes to excitotoxicity, oxidative, and metabolic problems. Furthermore, brain disease-induced release of zinc from synaptic vesicles contributes to neuronal damage via mechanisms including ROS production, apoptotic cell death, and DNA damage. For this reason, we hypothesized that regulating zinc accumulation and AMPK phosphorylation is critical for protection against global cerebral ischemia (GCI). Through virtual screening based on the structure of AMPK subunit alpha 2, we identified a novel compound, 2G11. In this study, we verified that 2G11 administration has neuroprotective effects via the blocking of zinc translocation and AMPK phosphorylation after GCI. As a result, we demonstrated that 2G11 protected hippocampal neurons against GCI and OGD/R-derived cellular damage. In conclusion, we propose that AMPK inhibition and zinc chelation by 2G11 may be a promising tool for preventing GCI-induced hippocampal neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Ki Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Eom
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - A Ra Kho
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Song Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Si Hyun Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Koh
- Neural Injury Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Yang-Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Institute of Sport Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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14
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Kirchenwitz M, Stahnke S, Grunau K, Melcher L, van Ham M, Rottner K, Steffen A, Stradal TEB. The autophagy inducer SMER28 attenuates microtubule dynamics mediating neuroprotection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17805. [PMID: 36284196 PMCID: PMC9596692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SMER28 originated from a screen for small molecules that act as modulators of autophagy. SMER28 enhanced the clearance of autophagic substrates such as mutant huntingtin, which was additive to rapamycin-induced autophagy. Thus, SMER28 was established as a positive regulator of autophagy acting independently of the mTOR pathway, increasing autophagosome biosynthesis and attenuating mutant huntingtin-fragment toxicity in cellular- and fruit fly disease models, suggesting therapeutic potential. Despite many previous studies, molecular mechanisms mediating SMER28 activities and its direct targets have remained elusive. Here we analyzed the effects of SMER28 on cells and found that aside from autophagy induction, it significantly stabilizes microtubules and decelerates microtubule dynamics. Moreover, we report that SMER28 displays neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects at the cellular level by inducing neurite outgrowth and protecting from excitotoxin-induced axon degeneration. Finally, we compare the effects of SMER28 with other autophagy-inducing or microtubule-stabilizing drugs: whereas SMER28 and rapamycin both induce autophagy, the latter does not stabilize microtubules, and whereas both SMER28 and epothilone B stabilize microtubules, epothilone B does not stimulate autophagy. Thus, the effect of SMER28 on cells in general and neurons in particular is based on its unique spectrum of bioactivities distinct from other known microtubule-stabilizing or autophagy-inducing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Kirchenwitz
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany ,grid.6738.a0000 0001 1090 0254Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Stahnke
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kyra Grunau
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany ,grid.6738.a0000 0001 1090 0254Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lars Melcher
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marco van Ham
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XCellular Proteome Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany ,grid.6738.a0000 0001 1090 0254Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anika Steffen
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Theresia E. B. Stradal
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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15
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Cai J, Chen X, Liu X, Li Z, Shi A, Tang X, Xia P, Zhang J, Yu P. AMPK: The key to ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4079-4096. [PMID: 36134582 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) refers to a syndrome in which tissue damage is further aggravated and organ function further deteriorates when blood flow is restored after a period of tissue ischemia. Acute myocardial infarction, stress ulcer, pancreatitis, intestinal ischemia, intermittent claudication, acute tubular necrosis, postshock liver failure, and multisystem organ failure are all related to reperfusion injury. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been identified in multiple catabolic and anabolic signaling pathways. The functions of AMPK during health and diseases are intriguing but still need further research. Except for its conventional roles as an intracellular energy switch, emerging evidence reveals the critical role of AMPK in IRI as an energy-sensing signal molecule by regulating metabolism, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, and other progressions. At the same time, drugs based on AMPK for the treatment of IRI are constantly being researched and applied in clinics. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the effects of AMPK in IRI and describe the AMPK-targeting drugs in treatment, hoping to increase the understanding of AMPK in IRI and provide new insights into future clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ao Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
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16
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Zhou J, Guo L, Ma T, Qiu T, Wang S, Tian S, Zhang L, Hu F, Li W, Liu Z, Hu Y, Wang T, Kong C, Yang J, Zhou J, Li H. N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-4 protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by blocking apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 N-terminal dimerization. Hepatology 2022; 75:1446-1460. [PMID: 34662438 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an inevitable complication of liver transplantation (LT) and compromises its prognosis. Glycosyltransferases have been recognized as promising targets for disease therapy, but their roles remain open for study in hepatic I/R (HIR) injury. Here, we aim to demonstrate the exact function and molecular mechanism of a glycosyltransferase, N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-4 (GALNT4), in HIR injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS By an RNA-sequencing data-based correlation analysis, we found a close correlation between GALNT4 expression and HIR-related molecular events in a murine model. mRNA and protein expression of GALNT4 were markedly up-regulated upon reperfusion surgery in both clinical samples from subjects who underwent LT and in a mouse model. We found that GALNT4 deficiency significantly exacerbated I/R-induced liver damage, inflammation, and cell death, whereas GALNT4 overexpression led to the opposite phenotypes. Our in-depth mechanistic exploration clarified that GALNT4 directly binds to apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) to inhibit its N-terminal dimerization and subsequent phosphorylation, leading to a robust inactivation of downstream c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 and NF-κB signaling. Intriguingly, the inhibitory capacity of GALNT4 on ASK1 activation is independent of its glycosyltransferase activity. CONCLUSIONS GALNT4 represents a promising therapeutic target for liver I/R injury and improves liver surgery prognosis by inactivating the ASK1-JNK/p38 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangqiao Zhou
- Department of Organ TransplantationRenmin HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lina Guo
- Department of Organ TransplantationRenmin HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of NeurologyHuanggang Central HospitalHuanggangChina
- Huanggang Institute of Translational MedicineHuanggangChina
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Organ TransplantationRenmin HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Sichen Wang
- Department of Organ TransplantationRenmin HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Song Tian
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Fengjiao Hu
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Medical Science Research CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Medical Science Research CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Organ TransplantationRenmin HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chenyang Kong
- Department of Organ TransplantationRenmin HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Juan Yang
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Junjie Zhou
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Medical Science Research CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Organ TransplantationRenmin HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Medical Science Research CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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17
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Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase: An Overview of Mechanistic Approaches and Therapeutic Opportunities in the Management of Stroke. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1830-1852. [PMID: 35437712 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality accompanied by blood supply loss to a particular brain area. Several mechanistic approaches such as inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, therapies against tissue thrombosis, and neutrophils lead to stroke's therapeutic intervention. Evidence obtained with the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition and animals having a deficiency of PARP enzymes; represented the role of PARP in cerebral stroke, ischemia/reperfusion, and neurotrauma. PARP is a nuclear enzyme superfamily with various isoforms, each with different structural domains and functions, and out of all, PARP-1 is the best-characterized member. It has been shown to perform multiple physiological as well as pathological processes, including its role in inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The enzyme interacts with NF-κB, p53, and other transcriptional factors to regulate survival and cell death and modulates multiple downstream signaling pathways. Clinical trials have also been conducted using PARP inhibitors for numerous disorders and have shown positive results. However, additional information is yet to be established for the therapeutic intervention of PARP inhibitors in stroke. These agents' utilization appears to be challenging due to their unknown potential long-term side effects. PARP activity increased during ischemia, but its inhibition provided significant neuroprotection. Despite the increased interest in PARP as a pharmacological modulator for novel therapeutic therapies, the current review focused on stroke and poly ADP-ribosylation.
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18
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Xin DQ, Zhao YJ, Li TT, Ke HF, Gai CC, Guo XF, Chen WQ, Liu DX, Wang Z. The delivery of miR-21a-5p by extracellular vesicles induces microglial polarization via the STAT3 pathway following hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal mice. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2238-2246. [PMID: 35259844 PMCID: PMC9083169 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.336871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have previously been shown to protect against brain injury caused by hypoxia-ischemia (HI). The neuroprotective effects have been found to relate to the anti-inflammatory effects of EVs. However, the underlying mechanisms have not previously been determined. In this study, we induced oxygen-glucose deprivation in BV-2 cells (a microglia cell line), which mimics HI in vitro, and found that treatment with MSCs-EVs increased the cell viability. The treatment was also found to reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, induce the polarization of microglia towards the M2 phenotype, and suppress the phosphorylation of selective signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the microglia. These results were also obtained in vivo using neonatal mice with induced HI. We investigated the potential role of miR-21a-5p in mediating these effects, as it is the most highly expressed miRNA in MSCs-EVs and interacts with the STAT3 pathway. We found that treatment with MSCs-EVs increased the levels of miR-21a-5p in BV-2 cells, which had been lowered following oxygen-glucose deprivation. When the level of miR-21a-5p in the MSCs-EVs was reduced, the effects on microglial polarization and STAT3 phosphorylation were reduced, for both the in vitro and in vivo HI models. These results indicate that MSCs-EVs attenuate HI brain injury in neonatal mice by shuttling miR-21a-5p, which induces microglial M2 polarization by targeting STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qing Xin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi-Jing Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Fei Ke
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Gai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Qiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - De-Xiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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19
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Kim MH, Oh HJ, Kwon SH, Jeon JS, Noh H, Han DC, Kim H, Ryu DR. Metformin use and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a nationwide cohort study. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2021; 40:660-672. [PMID: 34922433 PMCID: PMC8685353 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin has recently been shown not to increase the risk of lactic acidosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Thus, the criteria for metformin use in this population has expanded. However, the relationship between metformin use and clinical outcomes in CKD remains controversial. METHODS This study considered data from 97,713 diabetes patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), and the secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality and incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD). RESULTS Metformin users had a significantly higher risk of MACCE than non-users (hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.26; p < 0.001). However, metformin users had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.74-0.81; p < 0.001) and ESRD (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.42-0.47; p < 0.001) during follow-up than non-users did. The relationships between metformin use and clinical outcomes remained consistent in propensity score matching analyses and subgroup analyses of patients with adequate adherence to anti-diabetes medication. CONCLUSION Treatment with metformin was associated with an increased risk of MACCE in patients with diabetes and CKD. However, metformin users had a lower risk of all-cause mortality and ESRD during follow-up than non-users did. Therefore, metformin needs to be carefully used in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Kim
- Ewha Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jung Oh
- Department of Nephrology, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Soon Hyo Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Cheol Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungnae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ryeol Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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AMPK inhibitor BML-275 induces neuroprotection through decreasing cyt c and AIF expression after transient brain ischemia. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 52:116522. [PMID: 34837819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a major public health problem with an imperative need for a more effective and tolerated therapy. Neuroprotective therapy may be an effective therapeutic intervention for stroke. The morbidity and mortality of stroke-induced secondary brain injury is mainly caused by neuronal apoptosis, which can be executed in a caspase-dependent or apoptosis inducing factor (AIF)-dependent manner. As apoptosis is an energy-dependent process with a relative time delay, abnormal energy metabolism could be a significant and fundamental pathophysiological basis of stroke. To our knowledge, convincible evidences that AMPK inhibition exerts neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia injury via anti-apoptosis remain to be investigated. Accordingly, the aims of this study were to investigate the protective effects of AMPK inhibitor BML-275 on cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Cerebral ischemia was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in male C57BL/6 mice. The therapeutic effects of BML-275 were evaluated by infarct sizes, neurological scores and the proportion of apoptotic neurons after 24 h of reperfusion. The cell apoptosis markers cyt c and AIF were also evaluated. The results showed that intraperitoneally administration of BML-275 alleviate the cerebral infarction, neurological deficit and neuronal apoptosis induced by MCAO. BML-275 simultaneously induces anti-apoptosis and decreases the expression of cyt c and AIF. This study supports the hypothesis that anti-apoptosis is one of potential neuroprotective strategies for the treatment of stroke.
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21
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Pfeiffer S, Tomašcová A, Mamrak U, Haunsberger SJ, Connolly NMC, Resler A, Düssmann H, Weisová P, Jirström E, D'Orsi B, Chen G, Cremona M, Hennessy BT, Plesnila N, Prehn JHM. AMPK-regulated miRNA-210-3p is activated during ischaemic neuronal injury and modulates PI3K-p70S6K signalling. J Neurochem 2021; 159:710-728. [PMID: 33694332 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progressive neuronal injury following ischaemic stroke is associated with glutamate-induced depolarization, energetic stress and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We here identify a molecular signature associated with neuronal AMPK activation, as a critical regulator of cellular response to energetic stress following ischaemia. We report a robust induction of microRNA miR-210-3p both in vitro in primary cortical neurons in response to acute AMPK activation and following ischaemic stroke in vivo. Bioinformatics and reverse phase protein array analysis of neuronal protein expression changes in vivo following administration of a miR-210-3p mimic revealed altered expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) signalling in response to increasing miR-210-3p. In vivo, we observed a corresponding reduction in p70S6K activity following ischaemic stroke. Utilizing models of glutamate receptor over-activation in primary neurons, we demonstrated that induction of miR-210-3p was accompanied by sustained suppression of p70S6K activity and that this effect was reversed by miR-210-3p inhibition. Collectively, these results provide new molecular insight into the regulation of cell signalling during ischaemic injury, and suggest a novel mechanism whereby AMPK regulates miR-210-3p to control p70S6K activity in ischaemic stroke and excitotoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Pfeiffer
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna Tomašcová
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Uta Mamrak
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan J Haunsberger
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh M C Connolly
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexa Resler
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Heiko Düssmann
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Petronela Weisová
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elisabeth Jirström
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Center, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Beatrice D'Orsi
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mattia Cremona
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Dept of Molecular Medicine (Medical Oncology group), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bryan T Hennessy
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Dept of Molecular Medicine (Medical Oncology group), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (Synergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Center, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Farfan-Morales CN, Cordero-Rivera CD, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Hurtado-Monzón AM, Osuna-Ramos JF, González-González AM, De Jesús-González LA, Palacios-Rápalo SN, Del Ángel RM. Anti-flavivirus Properties of Lipid-Lowering Drugs. Front Physiol 2021; 12:749770. [PMID: 34690817 PMCID: PMC8529048 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.749770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Flaviviruses such as dengue (DENV) and zika (ZIKV) virus are important human pathogens, an effective vaccine or antiviral treatment against them is not available. Hence, the search for new strategies to control flavivirus infections is essential. Several studies have shown that the host lipid metabolism could be an antiviral target because cholesterol and other lipids are required during the replicative cycle of different Flaviviridae family members. FDA-approved drugs with hypolipidemic effects could be an alternative for treating flavivirus infections. However, a better understanding of the regulation between host lipid metabolism and signaling pathways triggered during these infections is required. The metabolic pathways related to lipid metabolism modified during DENV and ZIKV infection are analyzed in this review. Additionally, the role of lipid-lowering drugs as safe host-targeted antivirals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Daniel Cordero-Rivera
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional "Adolfo Ruiz Cortines," Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Heroica Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Arianna M Hurtado-Monzón
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arely M González-González
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Tisular y Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Adrián De Jesús-González
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Selvin Noé Palacios-Rápalo
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Del Ángel
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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23
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Banu K, Lin Q, Basgen JM, Planoutene M, Wei C, Reghuvaran AC, Tian X, Shi H, Garzon F, Garzia A, Chun N, Cumpelik A, Santeusanio AD, Zhang W, Das B, Salem F, Li L, Ishibe S, Cantley LG, Kaufman L, Lemley KV, Ni Z, He JC, Murphy B, Menon MC. AMPK mediates regulation of glomerular volume and podocyte survival. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e150004. [PMID: 34473647 PMCID: PMC8525649 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report that Shroom3 knockdown, via Fyn inhibition, induced albuminuria with foot process effacement (FPE) without focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) or podocytopenia. Interestingly, knockdown mice had reduced podocyte volumes. Human minimal change disease (MCD), where podocyte Fyn inactivation was reported, also showed lower glomerular volumes than FSGS. We hypothesized that lower glomerular volume prevented the progression to podocytopenia. To test this hypothesis, we utilized unilateral and 5/6th nephrectomy models in Shroom3-KD mice. Knockdown mice exhibited less glomerular and podocyte hypertrophy after nephrectomy. FYN-knockdown podocytes had similar reductions in podocyte volume, implying that Fyn was downstream of Shroom3. Using SHROOM3 or FYN knockdown, we confirmed reduced podocyte protein content, along with significantly increased phosphorylated AMPK, a negative regulator of anabolism. AMPK activation resulted from increased cytoplasmic redistribution of LKB1 in podocytes. Inhibition of AMPK abolished the reduction in glomerular volume and induced podocytopenia in mice with FPE, suggesting a protective role for AMPK activation. In agreement with this, treatment of glomerular injury models with AMPK activators restricted glomerular volume, podocytopenia, and progression to FSGS. Glomerular transcriptomes from MCD biopsies also showed significant enrichment of Fyn inactivation and Ampk activation versus FSGS glomeruli. In summary, we demonstrated the important role of AMPK in glomerular volume regulation and podocyte survival. Our data suggest that AMPK activation adaptively regulates glomerular volume to prevent podocytopenia in the context of podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Banu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Qisheng Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - John M Basgen
- Morphometry and Stereology Laboratory, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marina Planoutene
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chengguo Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anand C Reghuvaran
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hongmei Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Felipe Garzon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aitor Garzia
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas Chun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arun Cumpelik
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew D Santeusanio
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bhaskar Das
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fadi Salem
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lloyd G Cantley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lewis Kaufman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin V Lemley
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Barbara Murphy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Madhav C Menon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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24
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Mroczek K, Fernando S, Fisher PR, Annesley SJ. Interactions and Cytotoxicity of Human Neurodegeneration- Associated Proteins Tau and α-Synuclein in the Simple Model Dictyostelium discoideum. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:741662. [PMID: 34552934 PMCID: PMC8450459 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.741662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal accumulation of the tau protein into aggregates is a hallmark in neurodegenerative diseases collectively known as tauopathies. In normal conditions, tau binds off and on microtubules aiding in their assembly and stability dependent on the phosphorylation state of the protein. In disease-affected neurons, hyperphosphorylation leads to the accumulation of the tau protein into aggregates, mainly neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) which have been seen to colocalise with other protein aggregates in neurodegeneration. One such protein is α-synuclein, the main constituent of Lewy bodies (LB), a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). In many neurodegenerative diseases, including PD, the colocalisation of tau and α-synuclein has been observed, suggesting possible interactions between the two proteins. To explore the cytotoxicity and interactions between these two proteins, we expressed full length human tau and α-synuclein in Dictyostelium discoideum alone, and in combination. We show that tau is phosphorylated in D. discoideum and colocalises closely (within 40 nm) with tubulin throughout the cytoplasm of the cell as well as with α-synuclein at the cortex. Expressing wild type α-synuclein alone caused inhibited growth on bacterial lawns, phagocytosis and intracellular Legionella proliferation rates, but activated mitochondrial respiration and non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption. The expression of tau alone impaired multicellular morphogenesis, axenic growth and phototaxis, while enhancing intracellular Legionella proliferation. Direct respirometric assays showed that tau impairs mitochondrial ATP synthesis and increased the "proton leak," while having no impact on respiratory complex I or II function. In most cases depending on the phenotype, the coexpression of tau and α-synuclein exacerbated (phototaxis, fruiting body morphology), or reversed (phagocytosis, growth on plates, mitochondrial respiratory function, Legionella proliferation) the defects caused by either tau or α-synuclein expressed individually. Proteomics data revealed distinct patterns of dysregulation in strains ectopically expressing tau or α-synuclein or both, but down regulation of expression of cytoskeletal proteins was apparent in all three groups and most evident in the strain expressing both proteins. These results indicate that tau and α-synuclein exhibit different but overlapping patterns of intracellular localisation, that they individually exert distinct but overlapping patterns of cytotoxic effects and that they interact, probably physically in the cell cortex as well as directly or indirectly in affecting some phenotypes. The results show the efficacy of using D. discoideum as a model to study the interaction of proteins involved in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah J. Annesley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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25
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Xie X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang S, Jiang X, Cui H, Zhou T, He Z, Feng H, Guo Q, Song X, Cao L. ATM at the crossroads of reactive oxygen species and autophagy. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3080-3090. [PMID: 34421351 PMCID: PMC8375236 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generally small, short-lived and highly reactive molecules, initially thought to be a pathological role in the cell. A growing amount of evidence in recent years argues for ROS functioning as a signaling intermediate to facilitate cellular adaptation in response to pathophysiological stress through the regulation of autophagy. Autophagy is an essential cellular process that plays a crucial role in recycling cellular components and damaged organelles to eliminate sources of ROS in response to various stress conditions. A large number of studies have shown that DNA damage response (DDR) transducer ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein can also be activated by ROS, and its downstream signaling pathway is involved in autophagy regulation. This review aims at providing novel insight into the regulatory mechanism of ATM activated by ROS and its molecular basis for inducing autophagy, and revealing a new function that ATM can not only maintain genome homeostasis in the nucleus, but also as a ROS sensor trigger autophagy to maintain cellular homeostasis in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Xie
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyou Jiang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
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26
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Neuroprotective Potential of Mild Uncoupling in Mitochondria. Pros and Cons. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081050. [PMID: 34439669 PMCID: PMC8392724 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an explosion of interest in the use of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria in the treatment of several pathologies, including neurological ones. In this review, we analyzed all the mechanisms associated with mitochondrial uncoupling and the metabolic and signaling cascades triggered by uncouplers. We provide a full set of positive and negative effects that should be taken into account when using uncouplers in experiments and clinical practice.
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Muraleedharan R, Dasgupta B. AMPK in the brain: its roles in glucose and neural metabolism. FEBS J 2021; 289:2247-2262. [PMID: 34355526 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an integrative metabolic sensor that maintains energy balance at the cellular level and plays an important role in orchestrating intertissue metabolic signaling. AMPK regulates cell survival, metabolism, and cellular homeostasis basally as well as in response to various metabolic stresses. Studies so far show that the AMPK pathway is associated with neurodegeneration and CNS pathology, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. AMPK dysregulation has been reported in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and other neuropathies. AMPK activation appears to be both neuroprotective and pro-apoptotic, possibly dependent upon neural cell types, the nature of insults, and the intensity and duration of AMPK activation. While embryonic brain development in AMPK null mice appears to proceed normally without any overt structural abnormalities, our recent study confirmed the full impact of AMPK loss in the postnatal and aging brain. Our studies revealed that Ampk deletion in neurons increased basal neuronal excitability and reduced latency to seizure upon stimulation. Three major pathways, glycolysis, pentose phosphate shunt, and glycogen turnover, contribute to utilization of glucose in the brain. AMPK's regulation of aerobic glycolysis in astrocytic metabolism warrants further deliberation, particularly glycogen turnover and shuttling of glucose- and glycogen-derived lactate from astrocytes to neurons during activation. In this minireview, we focus on recent advances in AMPK and energy-sensing in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Biplab Dasgupta
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
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28
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Al Mamun A, Ngwa C, Qi S, Honarpisheh P, Datar S, Sharmeen R, Xu Y, McCullough LD, Liu F. Neuronal CD200 Signaling Is Protective in the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2021; 52:3362-3373. [PMID: 34353112 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE CD200 (cluster of differentiation 200), a highly glycosylated protein primarily expressed on neurons in the central nervous system, binds with its receptor CD200R to form an endogenous inhibitory signal against immune responses. However, little is known about the effect of neuronal CD200 signaling in cerebral ischemia. The aim of this study was to investigate how neuronal CD200 signaling impacts poststroke inflammation and the ischemic injury. METHODS CD200 tma1lf/fl:Thy1CreER mice were treated with tamoxifen to induce conditional gene knockout (ICKO) of neuronal CD200. The mice were subjected to a 60-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke outcomes, apoptotic cell death, immune cell infiltration, microglia activation, and other inflammatory profiles were evaluated at 3 and 7 days after stroke. RESULTS Infarct volumes were significantly larger, and behavioral deficits more severe in ICKO versus control mice at 3 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay also revealed a significant increase in apoptotic neuronal death in CD200 ICKO mice. An enhancement in lymphocytic infiltration and microglial proinflammatory responses were revealed by flow cytometry at 3 and 7 days after stroke in ICKO mice, accompanied by an increased microglial phagocytosis activity. Plasma proinflammatory cytokine (TNFα [tumor necrosis factor alpha] and IL [interleukin]-1β) levels significantly increased at 3 days, and IL-1β/IL-6 levels increased at 7 days in ICKO versus control animals. ICKO led to significantly lower baseline level of CD200 both in brain and plasma. CONCLUSIONS Neuronal CD200 inhibits proinflammatory responses and is protective against stroke injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Conelius Ngwa
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Shaohua Qi
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Pedram Honarpisheh
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Saumil Datar
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Romana Sharmeen
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Fudong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
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29
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Patrizz AN, Moruno-Manchon JF, O’Keefe LM, Doran SJ, Patel AR, Venna VR, Tsvetkov AS, Li J, McCullough LD. Sex-Specific Differences in Autophagic Responses to Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071825. [PMID: 34359998 PMCID: PMC8304137 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke triggers a series of complex pathophysiological processes including autophagy. Differential activation of autophagy occurs in neurons derived from males versus females after stressors such as nutrient deprivation. Whether autophagy displays sexual dimorphism after ischemic stroke is unknown. We used a cerebral ischemia mouse model (middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) to evaluate the effects of inhibiting autophagy in ischemic brain pathology. We observed that inhibiting autophagy reduced infarct volume in males and ovariectomized females. However, autophagy inhibition enhanced infarct size in females and in ovariectomized females supplemented with estrogen compared to control mice. We also observed that males had increased levels of Beclin1 and LC3 and decreased levels of pULK1 and p62 at 24 h, while females had decreased levels of Beclin1 and increased levels of ATG7. Furthermore, the levels of autophagy markers were increased under basal conditions and after oxygen and glucose deprivation in male neurons compared with female neurons in vitro. E2 supplementation significantly inhibited autophagy only in male neurons, and was beneficial for cell survival only in female neurons. This study shows that autophagy in the ischemic brain differs between the sexes, and that autophagy regulators have different effects in a sex-dependent manner in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N. Patrizz
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jose F. Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Lena M. O’Keefe
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Sarah J. Doran
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (S.J.D.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Anita R. Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (S.J.D.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Venugopal R. Venna
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Andrey S. Tsvetkov
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Hashiesh HM, Sharma C, Goyal SN, Sadek B, Jha NK, Kaabi JA, Ojha S. A focused review on CB2 receptor-selective pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of β-caryophyllene, a dietary cannabinoid. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111639. [PMID: 34091179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS), a conserved physiological system emerged as a novel pharmacological target for its significant role and potential therapeutic benefits ranging from neurological diseases to cancer. Among both, CB1 and CB2R types, CB2R have received attention for its pharmacological effects as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antiapoptotic that can be achieved without causing psychotropic adverse effects through CB1R. The ligands activate CB2R are of endogenous, synthetic and plant origin. In recent years, β-caryophyllene (BCP), a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene in cannabis as well as non-cannabis plants, has received attention due to its selective agonist property on CB2R. BCP has been well studied in a variety of pathological conditions mediating CB2R selective agonist property. The focus of the present manuscript is to represent the CB2R selective agonist mediated pharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic potential of BCP. The present narrative review summarizes insights into the CB2R-selective pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of BCP such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, gastroprotective, chemopreventive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulator. The available evidences suggest that BCP, can be an important candidate of plant origin endowed with CB2R selective properties that may provide a pharmacological rationale for its pharmacotherapeutic application and pharmaceutical development like a drug. Additionally, given the wide availability in edible plants and dietary use, with safety, and no toxicity, BCP can be promoted as a nutraceutical and functional food for general health and well-being. Further, studies are needed to explore pharmacological and pharmaceutical opportunities for therapeutic and preventive applications of use of BCP in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelvani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Juma Al Kaabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Nikbakhtzadeh M, Shaerzadeh F, Ashabi G. Highlighting the protective or degenerative role of AMPK activators in dementia experimental models. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:786-801. [PMID: 34042039 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210526160214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine kinase and a driving or deterrent factor in the development of neurodegenerative diseases and dementia. AMPK affects intracellular proteins like the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α (among others) contributes to a wide range of intracellular activities based on its downstream molecules such as energy balancing (ATP synthesis), extracellular inflammation, cell growth, and neuronal cell death (such as apoptosis, necrosis, and necroptosis). Several studies have looked at the dual role of AMPK in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington disease (HD) but the exact effect of this enzyme on dementia, stroke, and motor neuron dysfunction disorders has not been elucidated yet. In this article, we review current research on the effects of AMPK on the brain to give an overview of the relationship. More specifically, we review the neuroprotective or neurodegenerative effects of AMPK or AMPK activators like metformin, resveratrol, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside on neurological diseases and dementia, which exert through the intracellular molecules involved in neuronal survival or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nikbakhtzadeh
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaerzadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine and McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, United States
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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32
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Misztak P, Sowa-Kućma M, Szewczyk B, Nowak G. Vorinostat (SAHA) May Exert Its Antidepressant-Like Effects Through the Modulation of Oxidative Stress Pathways. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:170-181. [PMID: 33400178 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA/Vorinostat), a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), is known to possess antidepressant properties. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this activity are unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of SAHA on the expression of GluN2A, GluN2B (NMDA receptor subunits), (p-)AMPK, and ΔFos proteins which are an integral part of the signal transduction pathways in the brain and also involved in the pathophysiology of depression as well as the mechanism of antidepressant action. We also measured the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA - a product of lipid peroxidation). The study was carried out in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (Hp), brain regions implicated in depression. Although SAHA induced changes in the expression of all the proteins and MDA concentration, the effects differed depending on the drug dose, time, and brain structure involved. SAHA reduced MDA concentration and significantly increased p-AMPK protein expression, indicating it may prevent oxidative stress. SAHA also increased the levels of HDAC3 and NMDA subunits (GluN2A and GluN2B), implying it is neuroprotective and may play a crucial role in synaptic plasticity. Moreover, ΔFosB and FosB levels were significantly elevated, suggesting that SAHA may modulate learning and memory processes. Overall, the data indicate that the Hp might play a pivotal role in the mechanism of action of SAHA, hinting at novel mechanisms it play in the antidepressant and neuroprotective effects of SAHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Misztak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
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33
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Li YQ, Wong CS. Metabolic Regulation of Hippocampal Neuronal Development and Its Inhibition After Irradiation. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:467-475. [PMID: 33706379 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
5'-Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, plays a role in cell fate determination. Whether AMPK regulates hippocampal neuronal development remains unclear. Hippocampal neurogenesis is abrogated after DNA damage. Here, we asked whether AMPK regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its inhibition following irradiation. Adult Cre-lox mice deficient in AMPK in brain, and wild-type mice were used in a birth-dating study using bromodeoxyuridine to evaluate hippocampal neurogenesis. There was no evidence of AMPK or phospho-AMPK immunoreactivity in hippocampus. Increase in p-AMPK but not AMPK expression was observed in granule neurons and subgranular neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) in the dentate gyrus within 24 hours and persisted up to 9 weeks after irradiation. AMPK deficiency in Cre-lox mice did not alter neuroblast and newborn neuron numbers but resulted in decreased newborn and proliferating NPCs. Inhibition of neurogenesis was observed after irradiation regardless of genotypes. In Cre-lox mice, there was further loss of newborn early NPCs and neuroblasts but not newborn neurons after irradiation compared with wild-type mice. These results are consistent with differential negative effect of AMPK on hippocampal neuronal development and its inhibition after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Li
- From the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Shun Wong
- From the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Krinock MJ, Singhal NS. Diabetes, stroke, and neuroresilience: looking beyond hyperglycemia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1495:78-98. [PMID: 33638222 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among type 2 diabetic patients. Preclinical and translational studies have identified critical pathophysiological mediators of stroke risk, recurrence, and poor outcome in diabetic patients, including endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Most clinical trials of diabetes and stroke have focused on treating hyperglycemia alone. Pioglitazone has shown promise in secondary stroke prevention for insulin-resistant patients; however, its use is not yet widespread. Additional research into clinical therapies directed at diabetic pathophysiological processes to prevent stroke and improve outcome for diabetic stroke survivors is necessary. Resilience is the process of active adaptation to a stressor. In patients with diabetes, stroke recovery is impaired by insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation, which impair key neuroresilience pathways maintaining cerebrovascular integrity, resolving poststroke inflammation, stimulating neural plasticity, and preventing neurodegeneration. Our review summarizes the underpinnings of stroke risk in diabetes, the clinical consequences of stroke in diabetic patients, and proposes hypotheses and new avenues of research for therapeutics to stimulate neuroresilience pathways and improve stroke outcome in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Krinock
- Department of Neurology, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Neel S Singhal
- Department of Neurology, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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35
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Jin Y, Zhuang Y, Liu M, Che J, Dong X. Inhibiting ferroptosis: A novel approach for stroke therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:916-930. [PMID: 33412287 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stroke ranks as the second leading cause of death across the globe. Despite advances in stroke therapeutics, no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs that can minimize neuronal injury and restore neurological function are clinically available. Ferroptosis, a regulated iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death, has been shown to contribute to stroke-mediated neuronal damage. Inhibitors of ferroptosis have also been validated in several stroke models of ischemia or intracerebral hemorrhage. Herein, we review the therapeutic activity of inhibitors of ferroptosis in stroke models. We further summarize previously reported neuroprotectants that show protective effects in stroke models that have been recently validated as ferroptosis inhibitors. These findings reveal new mechanisms for neuroprotection and highlight the importance of ferroptosis during stroke processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Jin
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yuxin Zhuang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Mei Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Jinxin Che
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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Dilated cardiomyopathy impairs mitochondrial biogenesis and promotes inflammation in an age- and sex-dependent manner. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24117-24133. [PMID: 33303703 PMCID: PMC7762497 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) belongs to the myocardial diseases associated with a severe impairment of cardiac function, but the question of how sex and age affect this pathology has not been fully explored. Impaired energy homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and systemic inflammation are well-described phenomena associated with aging. In this study, we investigated if DCM affects these phenomena in a sex- and age-related manner. We analyzed the expression of mitochondrial and antioxidant proteins and the inflammatory state in DCM heart tissue from younger and older women and men. A significant downregulation of Sirt1 expression was detected in older DCM patients. Sex-related differences were observed in the phosphorylation of AMPK that only appeared in older males with DCM, possibly due to an alternative Sirt1 regulation mechanism. Furthermore, reduced expression of several mitochondrial proteins (TOM40, TIM23, Sirt3, and SOD2) and genes (cox1, nd4) was only detected in old DCM patients, suggesting that age has a greater effect than DCM on these alterations. Finally, an increased expression of inflammatory markers in older, failing hearts, with a stronger pro-inflammatory response in men, was observed. Together, these findings indicate that age- and sex-related increased inflammation and disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis occurs in male individuals with DCM.
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Kim YH, Eom JW, Koh JY. Mechanism of Zinc Excitotoxicity: A Focus on AMPK. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:577958. [PMID: 33041769 PMCID: PMC7522467 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.577958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, it has been shown that complex signaling cascades are involved in zinc excitotoxicity. Free zinc rapidly induces PKC activation, which causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at least in part through NADPH oxidase. It also promotes neuronal nitric oxide synthase, thereby increasing nitric oxide (NO) production. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and Egr-1 transcription factor activity were quickly induced by zinc, too. These concurrent actions of kinases consequently produce oxygen free radical, ROS, and NO, which may cause severe DNA damage. Following the excessive activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 depletes NAD+/ATP in the cells. Zinc excitotoxicity exhibits distinct characteristics of apoptosis, too. Activation of caspase-3 is induced by liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-AMP-activated kinase (AMPK)-Bim cascade signaling and induction of p75NTR receptors and p75NTR-associated Death Executor. Thus, zinc excitotoxicity is a mechanism of neuronal cell death showing various cell death patterns. In addition to the above signaling cascades, individual intracellular organelles also play a crucial role in zinc excitotoxicity. Mitochondria and lysosomes function as zinc reservoirs, and as such, are capable of regulating zinc concentration in the cytoplasm. However, when loaded with too much zinc, they may undergo mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), both of which are well-established mechanisms of cell death. Since zinc excitotoxicity has been reported to be associated with acute brain injuries, including stroke, trauma, and epilepsy, we performed to find the novel AMPK inhibitors as therapeutic agents for these diseases. Since we thought acute brain injury has complicated neuronal death pathways, we tried to see the neuroprotection against zinc excitotoxicity, calcium-overload excitotoxicity, oxidative damage, and apoptosis. We found that two chemicals showed significant neuroprotection against all cellular neurotoxic models we tested. Finally, we observed the reduction of infarct volume in a rat model of brain injury after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In this review, we introduced the AMPK-mediated cell death mechanism and novel strategy for the development of stroke therapeutics. The hope is that this understanding would provide a rationale for acute brain injury and eventually find new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Eom
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Koh
- Neural Injury Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kulkarni PP, Sonkar VK, Gautam D, Dash D. AMPK inhibition protects against arterial thrombosis while sparing hemostasis through differential modulation of platelet responses. Thromb Res 2020; 196:175-185. [PMID: 32890901 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic master switch that has critical role in wide range of pathologies including cardiovascular disorders. As AMPK-α2 knockout mice exhibit impaired thrombus stability, we asked whether pharmacological inhibition of AMPK with a specific small-molecule inhibitor, compound C, could protect against arterial thrombosis without affecting hemostasis. Mice pre-administered with compound C exhibited decreased mesenteric arteriolar thrombosis but normal tail bleeding time compared to vehicle-treated animals. Compound C potently restricted platelet aggregation, clot retraction and integrin activation induced by thrombin and collagen. It impaired platelet spreading on both immobilized fibrinogen and collagen matrices; it, however, had no significant effect on thrombin-induced phosphatidylserine exposure that is characteristic of procoagulant platelets. In parallel, compound C brought about significant drop in thrombin-induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) and MLC phosphatase (MYPT1) as well as abrogated rise in level of RhoA-GTP in thrombin-stimulated platelets. Thus, effects of compound C on agonist-induced platelet responses could be at least in part attributed to modulation of cytoskeletal changes mediated by RhoA-MYPT1-MLC signaling. An ideal antithrombotic drug would spare hemostatic responses that maintain vascular integrity while preferentially protecting against thrombosis. The present study suggests that AMPK could be one such potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh P Kulkarni
- Centre for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology (ICMR), Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay K Sonkar
- Centre for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology (ICMR), Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepa Gautam
- Centre for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology (ICMR), Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debabrata Dash
- Centre for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology (ICMR), Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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IRF5 Signaling in Phagocytes Is Detrimental to Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 12:602-614. [PMID: 32761315 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses to neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) exacerbate brain injury. Phagocytes, including microglia, play a central role in the immune response, but how the activation of phagocytes is regulated remains elusive. Previously, we have reported that interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) signaling is closely correlated with a pro-inflammatory microglial phenotype in adult mice after stroke. The present study investigated IRF5's regulatory role in post-HIE inflammation. Male IRF5 conditional knockout (CKO) and IRF5fl/fl postnatal day 10 (P10) pups were subjected to the Rice-Vannucci model (RVM) to induce HIE. Outcomes including morphological and neurobehavioral changes were evaluated at day 7 after HIE. Microglia/macrophage phenotypes and inflammatory responses were evaluated by flow cytometry (FC), RT-PCR, and multiplex cytokine assays. Lenti-IRF5 virus was administered in microglia-neuron co-cultures to evaluate the effects of microglial IRF5 upregulation in ischemic neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Deletion of phagocytic IRF5 resulted in significantly decreased IRF5 expression, attenuated pro-inflammatory and enhanced anti-inflammatory responses to HIE, and improved outcomes compared with IRF5fl/fl control pups. In vitro lentivirus transfection experiments revealed that overexpression of IRF5 in microglia amplified pro-inflammatory signals and exacerbated OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis and neurite fragmentation. IRF5 signaling mediates microglial pro-inflammatory activation and also affects anti-inflammatory responses. Phagocytic IRF5 signaling is detrimental in HIE and is a potential therapeutic target for post-ischemic inflammation.
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AMPK, Mitochondrial Function, and Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144987. [PMID: 32679729 PMCID: PMC7404275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is in charge of numerous catabolic and anabolic signaling pathways to sustain appropriate intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels in response to energetic and/or cellular stress. In addition to its conventional roles as an intracellular energy switch or fuel gauge, emerging research has shown that AMPK is also a redox sensor and modulator, playing pivotal roles in maintaining cardiovascular processes and inhibiting disease progression. Pharmacological reagents, including statins, metformin, berberine, polyphenol, and resveratrol, all of which are widely used therapeutics for cardiovascular disorders, appear to deliver their protective/therapeutic effects partially via AMPK signaling modulation. The functions of AMPK during health and disease are far from clear. Accumulating studies have demonstrated crosstalk between AMPK and mitochondria, such as AMPK regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction causing abnormal AMPK activity. In this review, we begin with the description of AMPK structure and regulation, and then focus on the recent advances toward understanding how mitochondrial dysfunction controls AMPK and how AMPK, as a central mediator of the cellular response to energetic stress, maintains mitochondrial homeostasis. Finally, we systemically review how dysfunctional AMPK contributes to the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases via the impact on mitochondrial function.
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Lane SL, Houck JA, Doyle AS, Bales ES, Lorca RA, Julian CG, Moore LG. AMP-activated protein kinase activator AICAR attenuates hypoxia-induced murine fetal growth restriction in part by improving uterine artery blood flow. J Physiol 2020; 598:4093-4105. [PMID: 32592403 DOI: 10.1113/jp279341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Pregnancy at high altitude is associated with a greater incidence of fetal growth restriction due, in part, to lesser uterine artery blood flow. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation vasodilates arteries and may increase uterine artery blood flow. In this study, pharmacological activation of AMPK by the drug AICAR improved fetal growth and elevated uterine artery blood flow. These results suggest that AMPK activation is a potential strategy for improving fetal growth and raising uterine artery blood flow in pregnancy, which may be important in pregnancy disorders characterized by uteroplacental ischaemia and/or fetal hypoxia. ABSTRACT Uteroplacental hypoxia is associated with pregnancy disorders such as intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia, which are characterized by uteroplacental ischaemia and/or fetal hypoxia. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) results in vasodilatation and is therefore a potential therapeutic strategy for restoring uteroplacental perfusion in pregnancy disorders. In this study, C57Bl/6 mice were treated with subcutaneous pellets containing vehicle, the AMPK activator AICAR (200 mg kg-1 day-1 ), or the AMPK inhibitor Compound C (20 mg kg-1 day-1 ) beginning on gestational day 13.5, and were exposed to hypoxia starting on gestational day 14.5 that induced intrauterine growth restriction. Pharmacological AMPK activation by AICAR partially prevented hypoxia-induced fetal growth restriction (P < 0.01), due in part to increased uterine artery blood flow (P < 0.0001). The proportion of total cardiac output flowing through the uterine artery was increased with AICAR in hypoxic mice (P < 0.001), suggesting that the vasodilator effect of AICAR was selective for the uterine circulation. Further, pharmacological inhibition of AMPK with Compound C reduced uterine artery diameter and increased uterine artery contractility in normoxic mice, providing evidence that physiological levels of AMPK activation are necessary for vasodilatation in healthy pregnancy. Two-way ANOVA analyses indicated that hypoxia reduced AMPK activation in the uterine artery and placenta, and AICAR increased AMPK activation in these tissues compared to vehicle. These findings provide support for further investigation into the utility of pharmacological AMPK activation for treatment of fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney L Lane
- Integrated Physiology PhD Program, University of Colorado Graduate School, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Julie A Houck
- Division of Bioinformatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexandrea S Doyle
- Division of Bioinformatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elise S Bales
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ramón A Lorca
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Colleen G Julian
- Division of Bioinformatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lorna G Moore
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Li R, Li D, Wu C, Ye L, Wu Y, Yuan Y, Yang S, Xie L, Mao Y, Jiang T, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang H, Li X, Xiao J. Nerve growth factor activates autophagy in Schwann cells to enhance myelin debris clearance and to expedite nerve regeneration. Theranostics 2020; 10:1649-1677. [PMID: 32042328 PMCID: PMC6993217 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Autophagy in Schwann cells (SCs) is crucial for myelin debris degradation and clearance following peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays an important role in reconstructing peripheral nerve fibers and promoting axonal regeneration. However, it remains unclear if NGF effect in enhancing nerve regeneration is mediated through autophagic clearance of myelin debris in SCs. Methods: In vivo, free NGF solution plus with/without pharmacological inhibitors were administered to a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model. In vitro, the primary Schwann cells (SCs) and its cell line were cultured in normal medium containing NGF, their capable of swallowing or clearing degenerated myelin was evaluated through supplement of homogenized myelin fractions. Results: Administration of exogenous NGF could activate autophagy in dedifferentiated SCs, accelerate myelin debris clearance and phagocytosis, as well as promote axon and myelin regeneration at early stage of PNI. These NGF effects were effectively blocked by autophagy inhibitors. In addition, inhibition of the p75 kD neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) signal or inactivation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) also inhibited the NGF effect as well. Conclusions: NGF effect on promoting early nerve regeneration is closely associated with its accelerating autophagic clearance of myelin debris in SCs, which probably regulated by the p75NTR/AMPK/mTOR axis. Our studies thus provide strong support that NGF may serve as a powerful pharmacological therapy for peripheral nerve injuries.
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Lin CH, Nicol CJ, Cheng YC, Yen C, Wang YS, Chiang MC. Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol against oxygen glucose deprivation induced mitochondrial dysfunction by activation of AMPK in SH-SY5Y cells with 3D gelatin scaffold. Brain Res 2020; 1726:146492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Microglial IRF5-IRF4 regulatory axis regulates neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia and impacts stroke outcomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:1742-1752. [PMID: 31892541 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914742117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation plays a central role in poststroke inflammation and causes secondary neuronal damage; however, it also contributes in debris clearance and chronic recovery. Microglial pro- and antiinflammatory responses (or so-called M1-M2 phenotypes) coexist and antagonize each other throughout the disease progress. As a result of this balance, poststroke immune responses alter stroke outcomes. Our previous study found microglial expression of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and IRF4 was related to pro- and antiinflammatory responses, respectively. In the present study, we genetically modified the IRF5 and IRF4 signaling to explore their roles in stroke. Both in vitro and in vivo assays were utilized; IRF5 or IRF4 small interfering RNA (siRNA), lentivirus, and conditional knockout (CKO) techniques were employed to modulate IRF5 or IRF4 expression in microglia. We used a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model to induce stroke and examined both acute and chronic stroke outcomes. Poststroke inflammation was evaluated with flow cytometry, RT-PCR, MultiPlex, and immunofluorescence staining. An oscillating pattern of the IRF5-IRF4 regulatory axis function was revealed. Down-regulation of IRF5 signaling by siRNA or CKO resulted in increased IRF4 expression, enhanced M2 activation, quenched proinflammatory responses, and improved stroke outcomes, whereas down-regulation of IRF4 led to increased IRF5 expression, enhanced M1 activation, exacerbated proinflammatory responses, and worse functional recovery. Up-regulation of IRF4 or IRF5 by lentivirus induced similar results. We conclude that the IRF5-IRF4 regulatory axis is a key determinant in microglial activation. The IRF5-IRF4 regulatory axis is a potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammation and ischemic stroke.
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Qi J, Zhou Z, Lim CW, Kim JW, Kim B. Amlexanox ameliorates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by reducing oxidative stress in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 385:114767. [PMID: 31697998 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amlexanox, a clinically approved small-molecule therapeutic presently used to treat allergic rhinitis, ulcer, and asthma, is an inhibitor of the noncanonical IkB kinase-ε (IKKε) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). This study was to investigate the protective mechanism of amlexanox in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (ALI). Mice were intraperitoneally injected with APAP (300 mg/kg, 12 h) to induce ALI and were orally administrated with amlexanox (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) one hour after APAP treatment. Inhibition of IKKε and TBK1 by treatment of amlexanox attenuated APAP-induced ALI as confirmed by decreased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Furthermore, amlexanox significantly decreased hepatocellular apoptosis in injured livers of mice as evidenced by histopathologic observation. Consistently, reduced oxidative stress by amlexanox was observed by increased hepatic glutathione concomitant with decreased levels of malondialdehyde. Amlexanox also enhanced expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) target genes including heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, and glutamate-cysteine ligase in injured livers of mice. Mechanistic insights into the mode of action of amlexanox against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity were involved in increasing phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the protective effects of amlexanox on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity were abolished by compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. Taken together, our findings suggest that amlexanox exerts antioxidative activities against APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity via AMPK/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Zixiong Zhou
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Woong Lim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
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Pineda-Ramírez N, Alquisiras-Burgos I, Ortiz-Plata A, Ruiz-Tachiquín ME, Espinoza-Rojo M, Aguilera P. Resveratrol Activates Neuronal Autophagy Through AMPK in the Ischemic Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1055-1069. [PMID: 31667715 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During cerebral ischemia, oxygen and glucose levels decrease, producing many consequences such as the generation of reactive oxygen species, tissue injury, and the general metabolism collapse. Resveratrol triggers signaling dependent on the protein kinase activated by adenosine monophosphate (AMPK), the sensor of cellular energy metabolism that regulates autophagy, eliminates damaged mitochondria, and increases energy sources. In the present study, we investigated the participation of AMPK activation in the protective effect of resveratrol on cerebral ischemia and excitotoxicity. We found that resveratrol increased the levels of phosphorylated AMPK in the cerebral cortex of rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and in primary cultured neurons exposed to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Resveratrol (1.8 mg/Kg; i. v.; administered at the beginning of reperfusion) decreased the infarct area and increased survival of rats subjected to MCAO. In neuronal cultures, resveratrol treatment (40 μM, after excitotoxicity) reduced the production of superoxide anion, prevented the overload of intracellular Ca+2 associated to mitochondrial failure, reduced the release of the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme, and reduced death. It also promoted mitophagy (increased Beclin 1 level, favored the recruitment of LC3-II, reduced LAMP1, and reduced mitochondrial matrix protein HSP60 levels). In both models, inhibition of AMPK activation with Compound C obstructed the effect of resveratrol, showing that its protective effect depends, partially, on the activation of the AMPK/autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana Pineda-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, 14269, México
| | - Iván Alquisiras-Burgos
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, 14269, México
| | - Alma Ortiz-Plata
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, 14269, México
| | - Martha-Eugenia Ruiz-Tachiquín
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, 06720, México
| | - Mónica Espinoza-Rojo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 39087, México
| | - Penélope Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, 14269, México.
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Madhavi Y, Gaikwad N, Yerra VG, Kalvala AK, Nanduri S, Kumar A. Targeting AMPK in Diabetes and Diabetic Complications: Energy Homeostasis, Autophagy and Mitochondrial Health. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5207-5229. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180406120051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5′-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key enzymatic protein involved
in linking the energy sensing to the metabolic manipulation. It is a serine/threonine kinase activated
by several upstream kinases. AMPK is a heterotrimeric protein complex regulated by AMP, ADP, and
ATP allosterically. AMPK is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues of the living system such as heart,
kidney, liver, brain and skeletal muscles. Thus malfunctioning of AMPK is expected to harbor several
human pathologies especially diseases associated with metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction. AMPK
activators including synthetic derivatives and several natural products that have been found to show therapeutic
relief in several animal models of disease. AMP, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICA
riboside) and A769662 are important activators of AMPK which have potential therapeutic importance
in diabetes and diabetic complications. AMPK modulation has shown beneficial effects against
diabetes, cardiovascular complications and diabetic neuropathy. The major impact of AMPK modulation
ensures healthy functioning of mitochondria and energy homeostasis in addition to maintaining a strict
check on inflammatory processes, autophagy and apoptosis. Structural studies on AMP and AICAR suggest
that the free amino group is imperative for AMPK stimulation. A769662, a non-nucleoside
thienopyridone compound which resulted from the lead optimization studies on A-592107 and several
other related compound is reported to exhibit a promising effect on diabetes and its complications through
activation of AMPK. Subsequent to the discovery of A769662, several thienopyridones,
hydroxybiphenyls pyrrolopyridones have been reported as AMPK modulators. The review will explore
the structure-function relationships of these analogues and the prospect of targeting AMPK in diabetes
and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.V. Madhavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Process Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
| | - Nikhil Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Process Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
| | - Veera Ganesh Yerra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Kalvala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Process Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
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Li YQ, Koritzinsky M, Wong CS. Metabolic Regulation of Hippocampal Neuroprogenitor Apoptosis After Irradiation. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 79:325-335. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is an important regulator of cell fate response after DNA damage. Cell fate response following metabolic stresses has also been linked to p53-dependent pathways. In this study, we asked if 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the master sensor of cellular energy balance, played a role in p53-dependent apoptosis of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the hippocampus after irradiation. Adult mice with targeted disruption of p53 or prkaa2 (gene that encodes AMPKα) in the brain were used to determine the role of p53 and AMPK, respectively, in radiation-induced apoptosis of NPCs in the hippocampus. The p53-dependent apoptosis of NPCs was associated with an increase in phospho-AMPK expression in the dentate gyrus at 8 hours after irradiation. Activation of AMPK was seen in granule neurons and subgranular NPCs. Compared with wildtype mice, apoptosis of NPCs was significantly attenuated in AMPK deficient (nestinCre: prkaa2fl/fl) mice after irradiation. AMPK deficiency did not however alter p53 activation in NPCs after irradiation. We conclude that AMPK may regulate apoptosis of hippocampal NPCs after irradiation. These findings suggest that cellular metabolism may play a role in determining cell fate response such as apoptosis after DNA damage in NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Li
- From the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
| | - Marianne Koritzinsky
- University Health Network
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto (MK, CSW), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Shun Wong
- From the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto (MK, CSW), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Saito M, Saito M, Das BC. Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the adult and developing brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 77:48-59. [PMID: 30707928 PMCID: PMC6663660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation followed by neuroinflammation is a defense mechanism of the brain to eliminate harmful endogenous and exogenous materials including pathogens and damaged tissues, while excessive or chronic neuroinflammation may cause or exacerbate neurodegeneration observed in brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. Depending on conditions/environments during activation, microglia acquire distinct phenotypes, such as pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and disease-associated phenotypes, and show their ability to phagocytose various objects and produce pro-and anti-inflammatory mediators. Prevention of excessive inflammation by regulating the microglia's pro/anti-inflammatory balance is important for alleviating progression of brain injuries and diseases. Among many factors involved in the regulation of microglial phenotypes, cellular energy status plays an important role. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which serves as a master sensor and regulator of energy balance, is considered a candidate molecule. Accumulating evidence from adult rodent studies indicates that AMPK activation promotes anti-inflammatory responses in microglia exposed to danger signals or various stressors mainly through inhibition of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) pathway. However, AMPK activation in neurons exposed to stressors/insults may exacerbate neuronal damage if AMPK activation is excessive or prolonged. While AMPK affects microglial activation states and neuronal cell survival rates in both the adult and the developing brain, studies in the developing brain are still scarce, even though activated AMPK is highly expressed especially in the neonatal brain. More in depth studies in the developing brain are important, because neuroinflammation/neurodegeneration occurred during development can result in long-lasting brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Saito
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research 140 Old Orangeburg, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mitsuo Saito
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research 140 Old Orangeburg, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Bhaskar C. Das
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 1468 Madison Avenue, Annenberg 19-201, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Wang BZ, Yang JJ, Zhang H, Smith CA, Jin K. AMPK Signaling Regulates the Age-Related Decline of Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Aging Dis 2019; 10:1058-1074. [PMID: 31595203 PMCID: PMC6764723 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of age-associated neurological diseases is expected to rise with increasingly greying societies. In the aged brain, there is a dramatic decrease in the number of stem cells, which is a main cause for the decrease in brain function. Intrinsic factors, such as cell metabolism, have been studied but its role in neurogenesis is still unknown. Therefore, this study sought to establish whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling does indeed regulate hippocampal neurogenesis in the aged brain. We found that i) AMPKα2 was the predominant catalytic subunit in the subgranular and subventricular zones; ii) AMPK activation was at a significantly higher level in the aged vs. young hippocampus; iii) short term (7 days) treatment with selective AMPK signaling inhibitor Compound C (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) significantly increased the numbers of newborn (BrdU+), Type 2 (MCM2+), and Type 3 (DCX+) neural stem cells, but not Type 1 (GFAP+/Sox2+) cells, in the aged hippocampus. Taken together, our results demonstrate that AMPK signaling plays a critical role in the age-related decline of hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Z Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT Health Science Center, TX 76107, USA
| | - Jane J Yang
- School of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, TX 75080, USA
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT Health Science Center, TX 76107, USA
| | - Charity A Smith
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT Health Science Center, TX 76107, USA
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT Health Science Center, TX 76107, USA
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