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Quintana JI, Massaro M, Cagnoni AJ, Nuñez-Franco R, Delgado S, Jiménez-Osés G, Mariño KV, Rabinovich GA, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ardá A. Different roles of the heterodimer architecture of galectin-4 in selective recognition of oligosaccharides and lipopolysaccharides having ABH antigens. J Biol Chem 2024:107577. [PMID: 39019214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The dimeric architecture of tandem-repeat type galectins, such as galectin-4 (Gal-4), modulates their biological activities, although the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained elusive. Emerging evidence show that tandem-repeat galectins play an important role in innate immunity by recognizing carbohydrate antigens present on the surface of certain pathogens, which very often mimic the structures of the human self-glycan antigens. Herein, we have analyzed the binding preferences of the C-domain of Gal-4 (Gal-4C) towards the ABH-carbohydrate histo-blood antigens with different core presentations and their recognition features have been rationalized by employing a combined experimental approach including NMR, solid-phase and hemagglutination assays and molecular modeling. The data show that Gal-4C prefers A- over B-antigens (twofold in affinity), contrary to the N-domain (Gal-4N), although both domains share the same preference for the type-6 presentations. The behavior of the full-length tandem-repeat form (Gal-4FL) has been additionally scrutinized. ITC and NMR data demonstrate that both domains within Gal-4FL bind to the histo-blood antigens independently of each other, with no communication between them. In this context, the heterodimeric architecture does not play any major role, apart from the complementary A and B-antigen binding preferences. However, upon binding to a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) containing a multivalent version of an H-antigen mimetic as O-antigen, the significance of the galectin architecture was revealed. Indeed, our data point to the linker peptide domain and the F-face of the C-domain as key elements that provide Gal-4 with the ability to cross link multivalent ligands, beyond the glycan binding capacity of the dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon I Quintana
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mora Massaro
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Reyes Nuñez-Franco
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Organic Chemistry II Faculty of Science and Technology University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV Leioa, Spain; Centro de investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
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2
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Quintana JI, Delgado S, Rábano M, Azkargorta M, Florencio-Zabaleta M, Unione L, Vivanco MDM, Elortza F, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ardá A. The impact of glycosylation on the structure, function, and interactions of CD14. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae002. [PMID: 38227775 PMCID: PMC10987292 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
CD14 is an innate immune receptor that senses pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as lipopolysaccharide, to activate the innate immune response. Although CD14 is known to be glycosylated, detailed understanding about the structural and functional significance of this modification is still missing. Herein, an NMR and MS-based study, assisted by MD simulations, has provided a 3D-structural model of glycosylated CD14. Our results reveal the existence of a key N-glycosylation site at Asn282 that exclusively contains unprocessed oligomannnose N-glycans that perfectly fit the concave cavity of the bent-solenoid shaped protein. This site is not accessible to glycosidases and is fundamental for protein folding and secretion. A second N-site at Asn151 displays mostly complex N-glycans, with the typical terminal epitopes of the host cell-line expression system (i.e. βGal, α2,3 and α2,6 sialylated βGal, here), but also particularities, such as the lack of core fucosylation. The glycan at this site points outside the protein surface, resulting in N-glycoforms fully exposed and available for interactions with lectins. In fact, NMR experiments show that galectin-4, proposed as a binder of CD14 on monocytes to induce their differentiation into macrophages-like cells, interacts in vitro with CD14 through the recognition of the terminal glycoepitopes on Asn151. This work provides key information about CD14 glycosylation, which helps to better understand its functional roles and significance. Although protein glycosylation is known to be dynamic and influenced by many factors, some of the features found herein (presence of unprocessed N-glycans and lack of core Fuc) are likely to be protein specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Imanol Quintana
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park bld 800, Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park bld 800, Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Miriam Rábano
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park bld 800, Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park bld 800, Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Mirane Florencio-Zabaleta
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park bld 800, Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Luca Unione
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park bld 800, Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Euskadi Plaza 5, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maria dM Vivanco
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park bld 800, Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park bld 800, Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park bld 800, Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Euskadi Plaza 5, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Organic & Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Carlos III Health Institute, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Fuencarral-El Pardo, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park bld 800, Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Euskadi Plaza 5, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
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Troncoso MF, Elola MT, Blidner AG, Sarrias L, Espelt MV, Rabinovich GA. The universe of galectin-binding partners and their functions in health and disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105400. [PMID: 37898403 PMCID: PMC10696404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins, play key roles in diverse biological processes including tissue repair, adipogenesis, immune cell homeostasis, angiogenesis, and pathogen recognition. Dysregulation of galectins and their ligands has been observed in a wide range of pathologic conditions including cancer, autoimmune inflammation, infection, fibrosis, and metabolic disorders. Through protein-glycan or protein-protein interactions, these endogenous lectins can shape the initiation, perpetuation, and resolution of these processes, suggesting their potential roles in disease monitoring and treatment. However, despite considerable progress, a full understanding of the biology and therapeutic potential of galectins has not been reached due to their diversity, multiplicity of cell targets, and receptor promiscuity. In this article, we discuss the multiple galectin-binding partners present in different cell types, focusing on their contributions to selected physiologic and pathologic settings. Understanding the molecular bases of galectin-ligand interactions, particularly their glycan-dependency, the biochemical nature of selected receptors, and underlying signaling events, might contribute to designing rational therapeutic strategies to control a broad range of pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Troncoso
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ada G Blidner
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sarrias
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Espelt
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Hachisu K, Tsuchida A, Takada Y, Mizuno M, Ideo H. Galectin-4 Is Involved in the Structural Changes of Glycosphingolipid Glycans in Poorly Differentiated Gastric Cancer Cells with High Metastatic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12305. [PMID: 37569679 PMCID: PMC10418866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination is difficult to treat surgically, and frequently recurs and metastasizes. Currently, there is no effective treatment for this disease, and there is an urgent need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying peritoneal dissemination and metastasis. Our previous study demonstrated that galectin-4 participates in the peritoneal dissemination of poorly differentiated gastric cancer cells. In this study, the glycan profiles of cell surface proteins and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) of the original (wild), galectin-4 knockout (KO), and rescue cells were investigated to understand the precise mechanisms involved in the galectin-4-mediated regulation of associated molecules, especially with respect to glycosylation. Glycan analysis of the NUGC4 wild type and galectin-4 KO clones with and without peritoneal metastasis revealed a marked structural change in the glycans of neutral GSLs, but not in N-glycan. Furthermore, mass spectrometry (MS) combined with glycosidase digestion revealed that this structural change was due to the presence of the lacto-type (β1-3Galactosyl) glycan of GSL, in addition to the neolacto-type (β1-4Galactosyl) glycan of GSL. Our results demonstrate that galectin-4 is an important regulator of glycosylation in cancer cells and galectin-4 expression affects the glycan profile of GSLs in malignant cancer cells with a high potential for peritoneal dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Hachisu
- Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan; (K.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Akiko Tsuchida
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan; (A.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yoshio Takada
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan; (A.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Mamoru Mizuno
- Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan; (K.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Hiroko Ideo
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan; (A.T.); (Y.T.)
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5
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Suppression of galectin-4 attenuates peritoneal metastasis of poorly differentiated gastric cancer cells. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:352-363. [PMID: 36695981 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dissemination, most often seen in metastatic and/or recurrent gastric cancer, is an inoperable condition that lacks effective treatment. The use of molecular targeted drugs is also limited; therefore, identifying novel therapeutic targets and improving our understanding of this metastatic cancer are an urgent requirement. In this study, we focused on galectin-4, which is specifically expressed in poorly differentiated cells with high potential for peritoneal dissemination. METHODS We knocked out the galectin-4 gene in NUGC4 cells using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. Proliferation and peritoneal cancer formation in knockout cells were compared with those in wild-type and galectin-4 re-expressing cells. Western blotting and proximity ligation assays were performed to identify associated molecules affected by the expression of galectin-4. The effect of galectin-4 knockdown on cell proliferation and peritoneal metastasis was studied using a specific siRNA. Expression of galectin-4 in peritoneal metastatic tumors from 10 patients with gastric cancer was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Suppression of galectin-4 expression reduced proliferation and peritoneal metastasis of malignant gastric cancer cells. Galectin-4 knockout and knockdown reduced the expression of activated c-MET and CD44. Galectin-4 was found to interact with several proteins on the cell surface, including CD44 and c-MET, via its carbohydrate-binding ability. Immunohistochemistry showed galectin-4 expression in peritoneal metastatic tumor cells in all patients examined. CONCLUSIONS We clarified the role of galectin-4 in the development of peritoneal dissemination of poorly differentiated gastric cancer cells. Our data highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of galectin-4 in the peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer.
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Das KK, Brown JW. 3'-sulfated Lewis A/C: An oncofetal epitope associated with metaplastic and oncogenic plasticity of the gastrointestinal foregut. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1089028. [PMID: 36866273 PMCID: PMC9971977 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1089028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer arise from normal epithelia via a plastic cellular transformation, typically in the setting of chronic inflammation. Such transformations are the focus of numerous studies that strive to identify the changes in RNA/Protein expression that drive such plasticity along with the contributions from the mesenchyme and immune cells. However, despite being widely utilized clinically as biomarkers for such transitions, the role of glycosylation epitopes is understudied in this context. Here, we explore 3'-Sulfo-Lewis A/C, a clinically validated biomarker for high-risk metaplasia and cancer throughout the gastrointestinal foregut: esophagus, stomach, and pancreas. We discuss the clinical correlation of sulfomucin expression with metaplastic and oncogenic transformation, as well as its synthesis, intracellular and extracellular receptors and suggest potential roles for 3'-Sulfo-Lewis A/C in contributing to and maintaining these malignant cellular transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik K Das
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Oligosaccharide Presentation Modulates the Molecular Recognition of Glycolipids by Galectins on Membrane Surfaces. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020145. [PMID: 35215258 PMCID: PMC8878398 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of glycan binding proteins that stand out for the wide range of biological phenomena in which they are involved. Most galectin functions are associated with their glycan binding capacities, which are generally well characterized at the oligosaccharide level, but not at the glycoprotein or glycolipid level. Glycolipids form the part of cell membranes where they can act as galectin cellular receptors. In this scenario, glycan presentation as well as the membrane chemical and structural features are expected to have a strong impact in these molecular association processes. Herein, liposomes were used as membrane mimicking scaffolds for the presentation of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and to investigate their interaction with Galectin-3 and the N-domain of Galectin-8 (Gal8N). The binding towards GM3 and GM1 and their non-silaylated GSLs was compared to the binding to the free glycans, devoid of lipid. The analysis was carried out using a combination of NMR methods, membrane perturbation studies, and molecular modeling. Our results showed a different tendency of the two galectins in their binding capacities towards the glycans, depending on whether they were free oligosaccharides or as part of GSL inserted into a lipid bilayer, highlighting the significance of GSL glycan presentation on membranes in lectin binding.
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Sun L, Konstantinidi A, Ye Z, Nason R, Zhang Y, Büll C, Kahl-Knutson B, Hansen L, Leffler H, Vakhrushev SY, Yang Z, Clausen H, Narimatsu Y. Installation of O-glycan sulfation capacities in human HEK293 cells for display of sulfated mucins. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101382. [PMID: 34954141 PMCID: PMC8789585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains at least 35 genes that encode Golgi sulfotransferases that function in the secretory pathway, where they are involved in decorating glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids, and glycoproteins with sulfate groups. Although a number of important interactions by proteins such as selectins, galectins, and sialic acid–binding immunoglobulin-like lectins are thought to mainly rely on sulfated O-glycans, our insight into the sulfotransferases that modify these glycoproteins, and in particular GalNAc-type O-glycoproteins, is limited. Moreover, sulfated mucins appear to accumulate in respiratory diseases, arthritis, and cancer. To explore further the genetic and biosynthetic regulation of sulfated O-glycans, here we expanded a cell-based glycan array in the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell line with sulfation capacities. We stably engineered O-glycan sulfation capacities in HEK293 cells by site-directed knockin of sulfotransferase genes in combination with knockout of genes to eliminate endogenous O-glycan branching (core2 synthase gene GCNT1) and/or sialylation capacities in order to provide simplified substrates (core1 Galβ1–3GalNAcα1–O-Ser/Thr) for the introduced sulfotransferases. Expression of the galactose 3-O-sulfotransferase 2 in HEK293 cells resulted in sulfation of core1 and core2 O-glycans, whereas expression of galactose 3-O-sulfotransferase 4 resulted in sulfation of core1 only. We used the engineered cell library to dissect the binding specificity of galectin-4 and confirmed binding to the 3-O-sulfo-core1 O-glycan. This is a first step toward expanding the emerging cell-based glycan arrays with the important sulfation modification for display and production of glycoconjugates with sulfated O-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Sun
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Andriana Konstantinidi
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Nason
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yuecheng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Jan Waldenströms gata 25, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christian Büll
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Barbro Kahl-Knutson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Hansen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Sarmento MJ, Owen MC, Ricardo JC, Chmelová B, Davidović D, Mikhalyov I, Gretskaya N, Hof M, Amaro M, Vácha R, Šachl R. The impact of the glycan headgroup on the nanoscopic segregation of gangliosides. Biophys J 2021; 120:5530-5543. [PMID: 34798138 PMCID: PMC8715245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides form an important class of receptor lipids containing a large oligosaccharide headgroup whose ability to self-organize within lipid membranes results in the formation of nanoscopic platforms. Despite their biological importance, the molecular basis for the nanoscopic segregation of gangliosides is not clear. In this work, we investigated the role of the ganglioside headgroup on the nanoscale organization of gangliosides. We studied the effect of the reduction in the number of sugar units of the ganglioside oligosaccharide chain on the ability of gangliosides GM1, GM2, and GM3 to spontaneously self-organize into lipid nanodomains. To reach nanoscopic resolution and to identify molecular forces that drive ganglioside segregation, we combined an experimental technique, Förster resonance energy transfer analyzed by Monte-Carlo simulations offering high lateral and trans-bilayer resolution with molecular dynamics simulations. We show that the ganglioside headgroup plays a key role in ganglioside self-assembly despite the negative charge of the sialic acid group. The nanodomains range from 7 to 120 nm in radius and are mostly composed of the surrounding bulk lipids, with gangliosides being a minor component of the nanodomains. The interactions between gangliosides are dominated by the hydrogen bonding network between the headgroups, which facilitates ganglioside clustering. The N-acetylgalactosamine sugar moiety of GM2, however, seems to impair the stability of these clusters by disrupting hydrogen bonding of neighboring sugars, which is in agreement with a broad size distribution of GM2 nanodomains. The simulations suggest that the formation of nanodomains is likely accompanied by several conformational changes in the gangliosides, which, however, have little impact on the solvent exposure of these receptor groups. Overall, this work identifies the key physicochemical factors that drive nanoscopic segregation of gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Sarmento
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael C Owen
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Joana C Ricardo
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Chmelová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Davidović
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ilya Mikhalyov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Natalia Gretskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mariana Amaro
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Vácha
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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10
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Galectin network in osteoarthritis: galectin-4 programs a pathogenic signature of gene and effector expression in human chondrocytes in vitro. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 157:139-151. [PMID: 34846578 PMCID: PMC8847242 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-4 (Gal-4) is a member of the galectin family, which have been identified as galactose-binding proteins. Gal-4 possesses two tandem repeat carbohydrate recognition domains and acts as a cross-linking bridge in sulfatide-dependent glycoprotein routing. We herein document its upregulation in osteoarthritis (OA) in correlation with the extent of cartilage degradation in vivo. Primary human OA chondrocytes in vitro respond to carbohydrate-inhibitable Gal-4 binding with the upregulation of pro-degradative/-inflammatory proteins such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), as documented by RT-qPCR-based mRNA profiling and transcriptome data processing. Activation of p65 by phosphorylation of Ser536 within the NF-κB pathway and the effect of three p65 inhibitors on Gal-4 activity support downstream involvement of such signaling. In 3D (pellet) cultures, Gal-4 presence causes morphological and biochemical signs of degradation. Taken together, our findings strongly support the concept of galectins acting as a network in OA pathogenesis and suggest that blocking their activity in disease progression may become clinically relevant in the future.
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11
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Gabius HJ, Cudic M, Diercks T, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, Mayo KH, Murphy PV, Oscarson S, Roy R, Schedlbauer A, Toegel S, Romero A. What is the Sugar Code? Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100327. [PMID: 34496130 PMCID: PMC8901795 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A code is defined by the nature of the symbols, which are used to generate information‐storing combinations (e. g. oligo‐ and polymers). Like nucleic acids and proteins, oligo‐ and polysaccharides are ubiquitous, and they are a biochemical platform for establishing molecular messages. Of note, the letters of the sugar code system (third alphabet of life) excel in coding capacity by making an unsurpassed versatility for isomer (code word) formation possible by variability in anomery and linkage position of the glycosidic bond, ring size and branching. The enzymatic machinery for glycan biosynthesis (writers) realizes this enormous potential for building a large vocabulary. It includes possibilities for dynamic editing/erasing as known from nucleic acids and proteins. Matching the glycome diversity, a large panel of sugar receptors (lectins) has developed based on more than a dozen folds. Lectins ‘read’ the glycan‐encoded information. Hydrogen/coordination bonding and ionic pairing together with stacking and C−H/π‐interactions as well as modes of spatial glycan presentation underlie the selectivity and specificity of glycan‐lectin recognition. Modular design of lectins together with glycan display and the nature of the cognate glycoconjugate account for the large number of post‐binding events. They give an entry to the glycan vocabulary its functional, often context‐dependent meaning(s), hereby building the dictionary of the sugar code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Maré Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida, 33431, USA
| | - Tammo Diercks
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801 A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paul V Murphy
- CÚRAM - SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices and the, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - René Roy
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 888, Succ. Centre-Ville Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Andreas Schedlbauer
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801 A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Romero
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, CIB Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Ikari N, Serizawa A, Tanji E, Yamamoto M, Furukawa T. Analysis of RHOA mutations and their significance in the proliferation and transcriptome of digestive tract cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:735. [PMID: 34466148 PMCID: PMC8387854 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ras homolog family member A (RHOA) gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases and is known to function in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which is associated with regulation of cell shape, attachment and motility. RHOA has been found to be recurrently mutated in gastrointestinal cancer; however, the functional significance of the mutated RHOA protein in digestive tract cancers remains to be uncovered. The aim of the present study was to understand the role of mutant RHOA in the proliferation and transcriptome of digestive tract cancer cells. Mutations of RHOA in one esophageal cancer cell line, OE19, eight gastric cancer cell lines, namely, AGS, GCIY, HGC-27, KATO III, MKN1, MKN45, SNU16 and SNU719, as well as two colon cancer cell lines, CCK-81 and SW948, were determined using Sanger sequencing. The results uncovered several mutations, including p.Arg5Gln and p.Tyr42Cys in CCK-81, p.Arg5Trp and p.Phe39Leu in SNU16, p.Gly17Glu in SW948, p.Tyr42Ser in OE19, p.Ala61Val in SNU719, p.Glu64del in AGS. Wild-type RHOA was identified in GCIY, HGC-27, KATO III, MKN1 and MKN45. Knockdown of RHOA using small interfering RNA attenuated the in vitro proliferation in the three-dimensional culture systems of GCIY, MKN1, OE19 and SW948, whereas no apparent changes were seen in CCK-81, HGC-27 and SNU719. Transcriptome analysis revealed that downregulation of the long non-coding RNA (lnc)-DERA-1 was observed in all tested cell lines following RHOA knockdown in the RHOA-mutated cell lines. Gene Ontology analysis showed that the genes associated with small molecule metabolic process, oxidation-reduction processes, protein kinase activity, transport, and cell junction were commonly downregulated in cells whose proliferation was attenuated by the knockdown of RHOA. These results suggested that certain RHOA mutations may result in upregulation of lnc-DERA-1 and genes associated with cellular metabolism and proliferation in digestive tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ikari
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Akiko Serizawa
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tanji
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Toru Furukawa
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.,Department of Investigative Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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13
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Quintana JI, Delgado S, Núñez-Franco R, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Osés G, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ardá A. Galectin-4 N-Terminal Domain: Binding Preferences Toward A and B Antigens With Different Peripheral Core Presentations. Front Chem 2021; 9:664097. [PMID: 33968903 PMCID: PMC8097242 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.664097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The tandem-repeat Galectin-4 (Gal-4) contains two different domains covalently linked through a short flexible peptide. Both domains have been shown to bind preferentially to A and B histo blood group antigens with different affinities, although the binding details are not yet available. The biological relevance of these associations is unknown, although it could be related to its attributed role in pathogen recognition. The presentation of A and B histo blood group antigens in terms of peripheral core structures differs among tissues and from that of the antigen-mimicking structures produced by pathogens. Herein, the binding of the N-terminal domain of Gal-4 toward a group of differently presented A and B oligosaccharide antigens in solution has been studied through a combination of NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and molecular modeling. The data presented in this paper allow the identification of the specific effects that subtle chemical modifications within this antigenic family have in the binding to the N-terminal domain of Gal-4 in terms of affinity and intermolecular interactions, providing a structural-based rationale for the observed trend in the binding preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon I Quintana
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Reyes Núñez-Franco
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Avda, Monforte de Lemos, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry ll, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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14
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Belkhadem K, Cao Y, Roy R. Synthesis of Galectin Inhibitors by Regioselective 3'- O-Sulfation of Vanillin Lactosides Obtained under Phase Transfer Catalysis. Molecules 2020; 26:E115. [PMID: 33383774 PMCID: PMC7795656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanillin-based lactoside derivatives were synthetized using phase-transfer catalyzed reactions from per-O-acetylated lactosyl bromide. The aldehyde group of the vanillin moiety was then modified to generate a series of related analogs having variable functionalities in the para- position of the aromatic residue. The corresponding unprotected lactosides, obtained by Zemplén transesterification, were regioselectively 3'-O-sulfated using tin chemistry activation followed by treatment with sulfur trioxide-trimethylamine complex (Men3N-SO3). Additional derivatives were also prepared from the vanillin's aldehyde using a Knoevenagel reaction to provide extended α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acid which was next reduced to the saturated counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Belkhadem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (K.B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yihong Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (K.B.); (Y.C.)
| | - René Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (K.B.); (Y.C.)
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
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15
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Murphy PV, Romero A, Xiao Q, Ludwig AK, Jogula S, Shilova NV, Singh T, Gabba A, Javed B, Zhang D, Medrano FJ, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, Bovin NV, Wu AM, Klein ML, Percec V, Gabius HJ. Probing sulfatide-tissue lectin recognition with functionalized glycodendrimersomes. iScience 2020; 24:101919. [PMID: 33409472 PMCID: PMC7773886 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The small 3-O-sulfated galactose head group of sulfatides, an abundant glycosphingolipid class, poses the (sphinx-like) riddle on involvement of glycan bridging by tissue lectins (sugar code). First, synthesis of head group derivatives for functionalization of amphiphilic dendrimers is performed. Aggregation of resulting (biomimetic) vesicles, alone or in combination with lactose, demonstrates bridging by a tissue lectin (galectin-4). Physiologically, this can stabilize glycolipid-rich microdomains (rafts) and associate sulfatide-rich regions with specific glycoproteins. Further testing documents importance of heterobivalency and linker length. Structurally, sulfatide recognition by galectin-8 is shown to involve sphingosine's OH group as substitute for the 3′-hydroxyl of glucose of lactose. These discoveries underscore functionality of this small determinant on biomembranes intracellularly and on the cell surface. Moreover, they provide a role model to examine counterreceptor capacity of more complex glycans of glycosphingolipids and to start their bottom-up glycotope surface programming. Nanoparticle programming detects sulfatide-(N)-glycan bridging by galectins-4 and -8 Protein design (linker/domain type) is a switch for aggregation activity Sphingosine's OH group is involved in contact building with a galectin
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Murphy
- CÚRAM - SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices and the School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Antonio Romero
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, CIB Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Qi Xiao
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.,Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Srinivas Jogula
- CÚRAM - SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices and the School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Nadezhda V Shilova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya str., 117437 Moscow, Russian Federation.,National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina str, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tanuja Singh
- Glyco-Immunology Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Chang-Gung-Medical College, Kwei-san, Tao-yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Adele Gabba
- CÚRAM - SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices and the School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Bilal Javed
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Francisco J Medrano
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, CIB Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Zentrum Pathologie, Institut für Angewandte Tumorbiologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya str., 117437 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Albert M Wu
- Glyco-Immunology Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Chang-Gung-Medical College, Kwei-san, Tao-yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Michael L Klein
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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16
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Klein ML, Romero A, Kaltner H, Percec V, Gabius HJ. From examining the relationship between (corona)viral adhesins and galectins to glyco-perspectives. Biophys J 2020; 120:1031-1039. [PMID: 33248129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan-lectin recognition is vital to processes that impact human health, including viral infections. Proceeding from crystallographical evidence of case studies on adeno-, corona-, and rotaviral spike proteins, the relationship of these adhesins to mammalian galectins was examined by computational similarity assessments. Intrafamily diversity among human galectins was in the range of that to these viral surface proteins. Our findings are offered to inspire the consideration of lectin-based approaches to thwart infection by present and future viral threats, also mentioning possible implications for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Klein
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Antonio Romero
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, CIB Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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17
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Vasta GR, Wang JX. Galectin-mediated immune recognition: Opsonic roles with contrasting outcomes in selected shrimp and bivalve mollusk species. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 110:103721. [PMID: 32353466 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are a structurally conserved family of ß-galactoside-binding lectins characterized by a unique sequence motif in the carbohydrate recognition domain, and of wide taxonomic distribution, from fungi to mammals. Their biological functions, initially described as key to embryogenesis and early development via recognition of endogenous ("self") carbohydrate moieties, are currently understood as also encompassing tissue repair, cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and regulation of immune homeostasis. More recently, however, numerous studies have contributed to establish a new paradigm by revealing that galectins can also bind to exogenous ("non-self") glycans on the surface of potentially pathogenic virus, bacteria, and eukaryotic parasites, and function both as pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) and effector factors in innate immunity. Our studies on a galectin from the kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus (MjGal), revealed that it functions as a typical PRR. Expression of MjGal is upregulated by infectious challenge, and can recognize both Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria. MjGal also recognizes carbohydrates on the shrimp hemocyte surface, and can cross-link microbial pathogens to the hemocytes, promoting their phagocytosis and clearance from circulation. Therefore, MjGal contributes to the shrimp's immune defense against infectious challenge both as a PRR and effector factor. Our studies on galectins from the bivalve mollusks, however, have shown that although they can function in immune defense as MjGal, protistan parasites take advantage of the recognition roles of the host galectins, for successful attachment and host infection. We identified in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica two galectins (CvGal1 and CvGal2) that not only recognize a large variety of bacterial species, but also the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus. Like the shrimp MjGal, both oyster galectins function as opsonins, and promote parasite adhesion and phagocytosis. However, P. marinus survives intrahemocytic oxidative killing and proliferates, eventually causing systemic infection and death of the oyster host. In the softshell clam Mya arenaria we identified a galectin (MaGal1) that displays carbohydrate specificity and recognition properties for sympatric Perkinsus species (P. marinus and P. chesapeaki), that are different from CvGal1 and CvGal2. Our results suggest that although galectins from bivalves can function as PRRs, Perkinsus parasites have co-evolved with their hosts to subvert the galectins' immune functions for host infection by acquisition of carbohydrate-based mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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18
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Sarmento MJ, Ricardo JC, Amaro M, Šachl R. Organization of gangliosides into membrane nanodomains. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3668-3697. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Sarmento
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Joana C. Ricardo
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Mariana Amaro
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 8 Czech Republic
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19
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Galectins in Host-Pathogen Interactions: Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Aspects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1204:169-196. [PMID: 32152947 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1580-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of ß-galactoside-binding lectins characterized by a unique sequence motif in the carbohydrate recognition domain, and evolutionary and structural conservation from fungi to invertebrates and vertebrates, including mammals. Their biological roles, initially understood as limited to recognition of endogenous ("self") carbohydrate ligands in embryogenesis and early development, dramatically expanded in later years by the discovery of their roles in tissue repair, cancer, adipogenesis, and regulation of immune homeostasis. In recent years, however, evidence has also accumulated to support the notion that galectins can bind ("non-self") glycans on the surface of potentially pathogenic microbes, and function as recognition and effector factors in innate immunity. Thus, this evidence has established a new paradigm by which galectins can function not only as pattern recognition receptors but also as effector factors, by binding to the microbial surface and inhibiting adhesion and/or entry into the host cell, directly killing the potential pathogen by disrupting its surface structures, or by promoting phagocytosis, encapsulation, autophagy, and pathogen clearance from circulation. Strikingly, some viruses, bacteria, and protistan parasites take advantage of the aforementioned recognition roles of the vector/host galectins, for successful attachment and invasion. These recent findings suggest that galectin-mediated innate immune recognition and effector mechanisms, which throughout evolution have remained effective for preventing or fighting viral, bacterial, and parasitic infection, have been "subverted" by certain pathogens by unique evolutionary adaptations of their surface glycome to gain host entry, and the acquisition of effective mechanisms to evade the host's immune responses.
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20
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Sindrewicz P, Li X, Yates EA, Turnbull JE, Lian LY, Yu LG. Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy reliably determines galectin-ligand interactions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11851. [PMID: 31413267 PMCID: PMC6694196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are involved in the regulation of divergent physiological and pathological processes and are increasingly recognized to play important roles in a number of diseases. However, a simple and effective way in assessing galectin-ligand interactions is lacking. Our examination of the sequence of all 12 human galectin members reveals the presence of one or more tryptophan residues in the carbohydrate-recognition domains of each galectin. This led us to investigate the possibility that alteration of the galectin intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence could be used in determining the strength of galectin-ligand interactions. One representative member from each of the three subtype galectins, galectin-2 (proto-), galectin-3 (chimera-) and galectin-4 (tandem repeat-type), was selected and analysed for galectin interaction with three ligands of different affinities: galactose, lactose and N-acetyl-lactosamine using tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy (TFS) and, as a comparison, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Good agreement between TFS and ITC measurements were revealed in ligand bindings of all galectin members. Moreover, TFS detected very weak galectin binding where ITC could not reliably do so. The reliability of TFS in determining galectin-ligand interactions was further validated by analysis of galectin-3 interaction with a semisynthetic ligand, F3. Thus, TFS can be used as a simple, sensitive and reliable way to determine galectin-ligand interactions and also as a drug-discovery platform in developing galectin-targeted therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sindrewicz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jeremy E Turnbull
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Lu-Yun Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Lu-Gang Yu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
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Galectin-1, -4, and -7 Were Associated with High Activity of Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Autoimmune Dis 2019; 2019:3081621. [PMID: 31428469 PMCID: PMC6681614 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3081621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the variety of functions that galectins (Gal) possess, it is clear that they participate in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although some studies demonstrate their functions, there is still no correlation with the clinical data of the disease, having the physiological meaning still unknown. Objectives To compare serum levels of Gal-1, -4, and -7 in patients with RA and healthy controls and to correlate them with clinical parameters. Methods Serum samples were collected from patients with RA and healthy donors to determine the serum levels of Gal-1, -4, and -7. Results Serum levels of Gal-1, -4, and -7 were significantly higher in RA patients compared to controls. We evaluated disease activity (CDAI) with serum levels of galectins and found that patients who were high in disease activity had high levels of galectin compared to the moderate activity group. Galectin-4 had higher levels in patients who were in high activity when compared to the group in remission or low activity. Evaluating the activity of the individual disease (DAS28), patients in high individual activity had high levels of Gal-4 when compared to the group in remission or low activity. We also found an association between positive rheumatoid factor and Gal-1 and Gal-4 levels. Conclusion Our results show for the first time the relationship between serum levels of galectin and the clinical parameters of patients with RA. Demonstrating their role in pathogenesis, new studies with galectins are needed to assess how they function as a biomarker in RA.
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Michalak M, Warnken U, Schnölzer M, Gabius HJ, Kopitz J. Detection of malignancy-associated phosphoproteome changes in human colorectal cancer induced by cell surface binding of growth-inhibitory galectin-4. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:364-375. [PMID: 30550624 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence on efficient tumor growth regulation by endogenous lectins directs interest to determine on a proof-of-principle level the range of information on alterations provided by full-scale analysis using phosphoproteomics. In our pilot study, we tested galectin-4 (gal-4) that is a growth inhibitor for colon cancer cells (CRC), here working with the LS 180 line. In order to cover monitoring of short- and long-term effects stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture-based quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses were conducted on LS 180 cell preparations collected 1 and 72 h after adding gal-4 to the culture medium. After short-term treatment, 981 phosphosites, all of them S/T based, were detected by phosphoproteomics. Changes higher than 1.5-fold were seen for eight sites in seven proteins. Most affected were the BET1 homolog (BET1), whose level of phosphorylation at S50 was about threefold reduced, and centromere protein F (CENPF), extent of phosphorylation at S3119 doubling in gal-4-treated cells. Phosphoproteome analysis after 72 h of treatment revealed marked changes at 33 S/T-based phosphosites from 29 proteins. Prominent increase of phosphorylation was observed for cofilin-1 at position S3. Extent of phosphorylation of the glutamine transporter SLC1A5 at position S503 was decreased by a factor of 3. Altered phosphorylation of BET1, CENPF, and cofilin-1 as well as a significant effect of gal-4 treatment on glutamine uptake by cells were substantiated by independent methods in the Vaco 432, Colo 205, CX 1, and HCT 116 cell lines. With the example of gal-4 which functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC cells, we were able to prove that cell surface binding of the lectin not only markedly influences the cell proteome, but also has a bearing on malignancy-associated intracellular protein phosphorylation. These results underscore the potential of this approach to give further work on elucidating the details of signaling underlying galectin-triggered growth inhibition a clear direction. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(3):364-375, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Integrated analysis of ethionamide resistance loci in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:163-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Iwaki J, Hirabayashi J. Carbohydrate-Binding Specificity of Human Galectins: An Overview by Frontal Affinity Chromatography. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1728.1se] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Jun Hirabayashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
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25
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Ledeen RW, Kopitz J, Abad-Rodríguez J, Gabius HJ. Glycan Chains of Gangliosides: Functional Ligands for Tissue Lectins (Siglecs/Galectins). PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:289-324. [PMID: 29747818 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular signals on the cell surface are responsible for adhesion and communication. Of relevance in this respect, their chemical properties endow carbohydrates with the capacity to store a maximum of information in a minimum of space. One way to present glycans on the cell surface is their covalent conjugation to a ceramide anchor. Among the resulting glycosphingolipids, gangliosides are special due to the presence of at least one sialic acid in the glycan chains. Their spatial accessibility and the dynamic regulation of their profile are factors that argue in favor of a role of glycans of gangliosides as ligands (counterreceptors) for carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins). Indeed, as discovered first for a bacterial toxin, tissue lectins bind gangliosides and mediate contact formation (trans) and signaling (cis). While siglecs have a preference for higher sialylated glycans, certain galectins also target the monosialylated pentasaccharide of ganglioside GM1. Enzymatic interconversion of ganglioside glycans by sialidase action, relevant for neuroblastoma cell differentiation and growth control in vitro, for axonogenesis and axon regeneration, as well as for proper communication between effector and regulatory T cells, changes lectin-binding affinity profoundly. The GD1a-to-GM1 "editing" is recognized by such lectins, for example, myelin-associated glycoprotein (siglec-4) losing affinity and galectin-1 gaining reactivity, and then translated into postbinding signaling. Orchestrations of loss/gain of affinity, of ganglioside/lectin expression, and of lectin presence in a network offer ample opportunities for fine-tuning. Thus glycans of gangliosides such as GD1a and GM1 are functional counterreceptors by a pairing with tissue lectins, an emerging aspect of ganglioside and lectin functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Ledeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States.
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Exploring functional pairing between surface glycoconjugates and human galectins using programmable glycodendrimersomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E2509-E2518. [PMID: 29382751 PMCID: PMC5856548 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720055115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are decorated with charged and uncharged carbohydrate ligands known as glycans, which are responsible for several key functions, including their interactions with proteins known as lectins. Here, a platform consisting of synthetic nanoscale vesicles, known as glycodendrimersomes, which can be programmed with cell surface-like structural and topological complexity, is employed to dissect design aspects of glycan presentation, with specificity for lectin-mediated bridging. Aggregation assays reveal the extent of cross-linking of these biomimetic nanoscale vesicles—presenting both anionic and neutral ligands in a bioactive manner—with disease-related human and other galectins, thus offering the possibility of unraveling the nature of these fundamental interactions. Precise translation of glycan-encoded information into cellular activity depends critically on highly specific functional pairing between glycans and their human lectin counter receptors. Sulfoglycolipids, such as sulfatides, are important glycolipid components of the biological membranes found in the nervous and immune systems. The optimal molecular and spatial design aspects of sulfated and nonsulfated glycans with high specificity for lectin-mediated bridging are unknown. To elucidate how different molecular and spatial aspects combine to ensure the high specificity of lectin-mediated bridging, a bottom-up toolbox is devised. To this end, negatively surface-charged glycodendrimersomes (GDSs), of different nanoscale dimensions, containing sulfo-lactose groups are self-assembled in buffer from a synthetic sulfatide mimic: Janus glycodendrimer (JGD) containing a 3′-O-sulfo-lactose headgroup. Also prepared for comparative analysis are GDSs with nonsulfated lactose, a common epitope of human membranes. These self-assembled GDSs are employed in aggregation assays with 15 galectins, comprising disease-related human galectins, and other natural and engineered variants from four families, having homodimeric, heterodimeric, and chimera architectures. There are pronounced differences in aggregation capacity between human homodimeric and heterodimeric galectins, and also with respect to their responsiveness to the charge of carbohydrate-derived ligand. Assays reveal strong differential impact of ligand surface charge and density, as well as lectin concentration and structure, on the extent of surface cross-linking. These findings demonstrate how synthetic JGD-headgroup tailoring teamed with protein engineering and network assays can help explain how molecular matchmaking operates in the cellular context of glycan and lectin complexity.
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LGALS4, CEACAM6, TSPAN8, and COL1A2: Blood Markers for Colorectal Cancer-Validation in a Cohort of Subjects With Positive Fecal Immunochemical Test Result. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2017; 17:e217-e228. [PMID: 29352642 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A noninvasive blood test for the early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly required. We evaluated a panel of 4 mRNAs as putative markers of CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested LGALS4, CEACAM6, TSPAN8, and COL1A2, referred to as the CELTiC panel, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, on subjects with positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) results and undergoing colonoscopy. Using a nonparametric test and multinomial logistic model, FIT-positive subjects were compared with CRC patients and healthy individuals. RESULTS All the genes of the CELTiC panel displayed statistically significant differences between the healthy subjects (n = 67), both low-risk (n = 36) and high-risk/CRC (n = 92) subjects, and those in the negative-colonoscopy, FIT-positive group (n = 36). The multinomial logistic model revealed LGALS4 was the most powerful marker discriminating the 4 groups. When assessing the diagnostic values by analysis of the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs), the CELTiC panel reached an AUC of 0.91 (sensitivity, 79%; specificity, 94%) comparing normal subjects to low-risk subjects, and 0.88 (sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 87%) comparing normal and high-risk/CRC subjects. The comparison between the normal subjects and the negative-colonoscopy, FIT-positive group revealed an AUC of 0.93 (sensitivity, 82%; specificity, 97%). CONCLUSION The CELTiC panel could represent a useful tool for discriminating subjects with positive FIT findings and for the early detection of precancerous adenomatous lesions and CRC.
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Dion J, Advedissian T, Storozhylova N, Dahbi S, Lambert A, Deshayes F, Viguier M, Tellier C, Poirier F, Téletchéa S, Dussouy C, Tateno H, Hirabayashi J, Grandjean C. Development of a Sensitive Microarray Platform for the Ranking of Galectin Inhibitors: Identification of a Selective Galectin-3 Inhibitor. Chembiochem 2017; 18:2428-2440. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Dion
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques; Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP); Université de Nantes; UMR CNRS 6286; 2, chemin de la Houssinière B. P. 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Tamara Advedissian
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7 Sorbonne Paris Cité; Institut Jacques Monod; UMR CNRS 7592; 15 rue Hélène Brion 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Nataliya Storozhylova
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques; Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP); Université de Nantes; UMR CNRS 6286; 2, chemin de la Houssinière B. P. 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Samir Dahbi
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques; Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP); Université de Nantes; UMR CNRS 6286; 2, chemin de la Houssinière B. P. 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Annie Lambert
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques; Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP); Université de Nantes; UMR CNRS 6286; 2, chemin de la Houssinière B. P. 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Frédérique Deshayes
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7 Sorbonne Paris Cité; Institut Jacques Monod; UMR CNRS 7592; 15 rue Hélène Brion 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Mireille Viguier
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7 Sorbonne Paris Cité; Institut Jacques Monod; UMR CNRS 7592; 15 rue Hélène Brion 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Charles Tellier
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques; Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP); Université de Nantes; UMR CNRS 6286; 2, chemin de la Houssinière B. P. 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Françoise Poirier
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7 Sorbonne Paris Cité; Institut Jacques Monod; UMR CNRS 7592; 15 rue Hélène Brion 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Stéphane Téletchéa
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques; Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP); Université de Nantes; UMR CNRS 6286; 2, chemin de la Houssinière B. P. 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Christophe Dussouy
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques; Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP); Université de Nantes; UMR CNRS 6286; 2, chemin de la Houssinière B. P. 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery; Cellular Glycome-Targeted Technology Group; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Central 2 1-1-1 Umezuno Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - Jun Hirabayashi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery; Cellular Glycome-Targeted Technology Group; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Central 2 1-1-1 Umezuno Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - Cyrille Grandjean
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques; Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP); Université de Nantes; UMR CNRS 6286; 2, chemin de la Houssinière B. P. 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
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Díez-Revuelta N, Higuero AM, Velasco S, Peñas-de-la-Iglesia M, Gabius HJ, Abad-Rodríguez J. Neurons define non-myelinated axon segments by the regulation of galectin-4-containing axon membrane domains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12246. [PMID: 28947766 PMCID: PMC5612983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying selective myelination of axons versus dendrites or neuronal somata relies on the expression of somatodendritic membrane myelination inhibitors (i.e. JAM2). However, axons still present long unmyelinated segments proposed to contribute to axonal plasticity and higher order brain functions. Why these segments remain unmyelinated is still an unresolved issue. The bifunctional lectin galectin-4 (Gal-4) organizes the transport of axon glycoproteins by binding to N-acetyllactosamine (LacNac) termini of N-glycans. We have shown that Gal-4 is sorted to segmental domains (G4Ds) along the axon surface, reminiscent of these long unmyelinated axon segments in cortical neurons. We report here that oligodendrocytes (OLGs) do not deposit myelin on Gal-4 covered surfaces or myelinate axonal G4Ds. In addition, Gal-4 interacts and co-localizes in G4Ds with contactin-1, a marker of another type of non-myelinated segments, the nodes of Ranvier. Neither Gal-4 expression nor G4D dimensions are affected by myelin extracts or myelinating OLGs, but are reduced with neuron maturation. As in vitro, Gal-4 is consistently segregated from myelinated structures in the brain. Our data shape the novel concept that neurons establish axon membrane domains expressing Gal-4, the first inhibitor of myelination identified in axons, whose regulated boundaries delineate myelination-incompetent axon segments along development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Díez-Revuelta
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, E-45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Alonso M Higuero
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, E-45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Silvia Velasco
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, E-45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - María Peñas-de-la-Iglesia
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, E-45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Veterinärstr. 13, D-80539, München, Germany
| | - José Abad-Rodríguez
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, E-45071, Toledo, Spain.
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30
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Higuero AM, Díez-Revuelta N, Abad-Rodríguez J. The sugar code in neuronal physiology. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:257-267. [PMID: 27999993 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-related interactions are necessary for the correct development and function of the nervous system. As we illustrate with several examples, those interactions are controlled by carbohydrate-modifying enzymes and by carbohydrate-binding proteins that regulate a plethora of complex axonal processes. Among others, glycan-related proteins as sialidase Neu3 or galectins-1, -3, and -4 play central roles in the determination of axonal fate, axon growth, guidance and regeneration, as well as in polarized axonal glycoprotein transport. In addition, myelination is also highly dependent on glycans, and the stabilization of myelin architecture requires the interaction of the myelin-associated glycoprotein (siglec-4) with gangliosides in the axonal membrane. The roles of glycans in neuroscience are far from being completely understood, though the cases presented here underscore the importance and potential of carbohydrates to establish with precision key molecular mechanisms of the physiology of the nervous system. New specific applications in diagnosis as well as the definition of new molecular targets to treat neurological diseases related to lectins and/or glycans are envisioned in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso M Higuero
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, National Hospital for Paraplegics (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Natalia Díez-Revuelta
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, National Hospital for Paraplegics (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - José Abad-Rodríguez
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, National Hospital for Paraplegics (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
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31
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Michalak M, Warnken U, André S, Schnölzer M, Gabius HJ, Kopitz J. Detection of Proteome Changes in Human Colon Cancer Induced by Cell Surface Binding of Growth-Inhibitory Human Galectin-4 Using Quantitative SILAC-Based Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4412-4422. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Michalak
- Department
of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer
Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Functional
Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institute
of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Functional
Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute
of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Juergen Kopitz
- Department
of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer
Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Arthur CM, Patel SR, Mener A, Kamili NA, Fasano RM, Meyer E, Winkler AM, Sola-Visner M, Josephson CD, Stowell SR. Innate immunity against molecular mimicry: Examining galectin-mediated antimicrobial activity. Bioessays 2016; 37:1327-37. [PMID: 26577077 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity provides the unique ability to respond to a nearly infinite range of antigenic determinants. Given the inherent plasticity of the adaptive immune system, a series of tolerance mechanisms exist to reduce reactivity toward self. While this reduces the probability of autoimmunity, it also creates an important gap in adaptive immunity: the ability to recognize microbes that look like self. As a variety of microbes decorate themselves in self-like carbohydrate antigens and tolerance reduces the ability of adaptive immunity to react with self-like structures, protection against molecular mimicry likely resides within the innate arm of immunity. In this review, we will explore the potential consequences of microbial molecular mimicry, including factors within innate immunity that appear to specifically target microbes expressing self-like antigens, and therefore provide protection against molecular mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie M Arthur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Seema R Patel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amanda Mener
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nourine A Kamili
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ross M Fasano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erin Meyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Annie M Winkler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martha Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cassandra D Josephson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Johannes L, Wunder C, Shafaq-Zadah M. Glycolipids and Lectins in Endocytic Uptake Processes. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:S0022-2836(16)30453-3. [PMID: 27984039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A host of endocytic processes has been described at the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Their categorization has most commonly referenced cytosolic machinery, of which the clathrin coat has occupied a preponderant position. In what concerns intra-membrane constituents, the focus of interest has been on phosphatidylinositol lipids and their capacity to orchestrate endocytic events on the cytosolic leaflet of the membrane. The contribution of extracellular determinants to the construction of endocytic pits has received much less attention, depite the fact that (glyco)sphingolipids are exoplasmic leaflet fabric of membrane domains, termed rafts, whose contributions to predominantly clathrin-independent internalization processes is well recognized. Furthermore, sugar modifications on extracellular domains of proteins, and sugar-binding proteins, termed lectins, have also been linked to the uptake of endocytic cargoes at the plasma membrane. In this review, we first summarize these contributions by extracellular determinants to the endocytic process. We thus propose a molecular hypothesis - termed the GL-Lect hypothesis - on how GlycoLipids and Lectins drive the formation of compositional nanoenvrionments from which the endocytic uptake of glycosylated cargo proteins is operated via clathrin-independent carriers. Finally, we position this hypothesis within the global context of endocytic pathway proposals that have emerged in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic Delivery unit, INSERM, U 1143, CNRS, UMR 3666, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Christian Wunder
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic Delivery unit, INSERM, U 1143, CNRS, UMR 3666, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Massiullah Shafaq-Zadah
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic Delivery unit, INSERM, U 1143, CNRS, UMR 3666, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Rapoport EM, Bovin NV. Specificity of human galectins on cell surfaces. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:846-56. [PMID: 26541999 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915070056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are β-galactoside-binding proteins sharing homology in amino acid sequence of their carbohydrate-recognition domain. Their carbohydrate specificity outside cells has been studied previously. The main conclusion of these studies was that several levels of glycan ligand recognition exist for galectins: (i) disaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAc (LN, N-acetyllactosamine) binds stronger than β-galactopyranose; (ii) substitution at O-2 and O-3 of galactose residue as well as core fragments ("right" from GlcNAc) provides significant increase in affinity; (iii) similarly glycosylated proteins can differ significantly in affinity to galectins. Information about the natural cellular receptors of galectins is limited. Until recently, it was impossible to study specificity of cell-bound galectins. A model based on controlled incorporation of a single protein into glycocalyx of cells and subsequent interaction of loaded cells with synthetic glycoprobes measured by flow cytometry made this possible recently. In this review, data about glycan specificity of proto-, chimera-, and tandem-repeat type galectins on the cell surface are systematized, and comparative analysis of the results with data on specificity of galectins in artificial systems was performed. The following conclusions from these studies were made: (i) cellular galectins have practically no ability to bind disaccharide LNn, but display affinity to 3'-substituted oligolactosamines and oligomers LNn; (ii) tandem-repeat type galectins recognize another disaccharide, namely Galβ1-3GlcNAc (Le(c)); (iii) on the cell surface, tandem-repeat type galectins conserve the ability to display high affinity to blood group antigens of ABH system; (iv) in general, when galectins are immersed into glycocalyx, they are more selective regarding glycan interactions. Thus, we conclude that competitive interaction of galectins with cell microenvironment (endogenous cell glycans) is the main factor providing selectivity of galectins in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Rapoport
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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35
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Abstract
Galectin-4, a tandem repeat member of the β-galactoside-binding proteins, possesses two carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRD) in a single peptide chain. This lectin is mostly expressed in epithelial cells of the intestinal tract and secreted to the extracellular. The two domains have 40% similarity in amino acid sequence, but distinctly binding to various ligands. Just because the two domains bind to different ligands simultaneously, galectin-4 can be a crosslinker and crucial regulator in a large number of biological processes. Recent evidence shows that galectin-4 plays an important role in lipid raft stabilization, protein apical trafficking, cell adhesion, wound healing, intestinal inflammation, tumor progression, etc. This article reviews the physiological and pathological features of galectin-4 and its important role in such processes.
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36
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Bum-Erdene K, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Blanchard H. Structural characterisation of human galectin-4 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in complex with glycerol, lactose, 3'-sulfo-lactose, and 2'-fucosyllactose. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20289. [PMID: 26828567 PMCID: PMC4734333 DOI: 10.1038/srep20289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-4 is a tandem-repeat galectin with two distinct carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD). Galectin-4 is expressed mainly in the alimentary tract and is proposed to function as a lipid raft and adherens junction stabilizer by its glycan cross-linking capacity. Galectin-4 plays divergent roles in cancer and inflammatory conditions, either promoting or inhibiting each disease progression, depending on the specific pathological condition. The study of galectin-4's ligand-binding profile may help decipher its roles under specific conditions. Here we present the X-ray structures of human galectin-4 N-terminal CRD (galectin-4N) bound to different saccharide ligands. Galectin-4's overall fold and its core interactions to lactose are similar to other galectin CRDs. Galectin-4N recognises the sulfate cap of 3'-sulfated glycans by a weak interaction through Arg45 and two water-mediated hydrogen bonds via Trp84 and Asn49. When galectin-4N interacts with the H-antigen mimic, 2'-fucosyllactose, an interaction is formed between the ring oxygen of fucose and Arg45. The extended binding site of galectin-4N may not be well suited to the A/B-antigen determinants, α-GalNAc/α-Gal, specifically due to clashes with residue Phe47. Overall, galectin-4N favours sulfated glycans whilst galectin-4C prefers blood group determinants. However, the two CRDs of galectin-4 can, to a less extent, recognise each other's ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuchtumur Bum-Erdene
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Section MIG, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
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Rustiguel JK, Kumagai PS, Dias-Baruffi M, Costa-Filho AJ, Nonato MC. Recombinant expression, purification and preliminary biophysical and structural studies of C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain from human galectin-4. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 118:39-48. [PMID: 26432949 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-4 (Gal4), a tandem-repeat type galectin, is expressed in healthy epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Altered levels of Gal4 expression are associated with different types of cancer, suggesting its usage as a diagnostic marker as well as target for drug development. The functional data available for this class of proteins suggest that the wide spectrum of cellular activities reported for Gal4 relies on distinct glycan specificity and structural characteristics of its two carbohydrate recognition domains. In the present work, two independent constructs for recombinant expression of the C-terminal domain of human galectin-4 (hGal4-CRD2) were developed. His6-tagged and untagged recombinant proteins were overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and purified by affinity chromatography followed by gel filtration. Correct folding and activity of hGal4-CRD2 were assessed by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopies, respectively. Diffraction quality crystals were obtained by vapor-diffusion sitting drop setup and the crystal structure of CRD2 was solved by molecular replacement techniques at 1.78 Å resolution. Our work describes the development of important experimental tools that will allow further studies in order to correlate structure and binding properties of hGal4-CRD2 and human galectin-4 functional activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joane K Rustiguel
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia S Kumagai
- Grupo de Biofísica Molecular Sérgio Mascarenhas, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, 13563-120 São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Laboratório de Glicoimunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Costa-Filho
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Nonato
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil.
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Fetal gender specific expression of tandem-repeat galectins in placental tissue from normally progressed human pregnancies and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Placenta 2015; 36:1352-61. [PMID: 26462906 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The tandem-repeat type galectins, which comprise of gal-4, -6, -8, -9, and -12, form a sub-family of galectins. Gal-6 is expressed only in rodents, whereas the other four galectins, tandem-repeat galectins, are also detectable in human tissue. The placental expression of individual members of the tandem-repeat gal family is increasingly known, however, systematic, comparative analysis especially in the human placenta from normal or pathological pregnancies is still lacking. MATERIAL AND METHODS Within this study, third trimester placentas obtained at delivery (n = 14 IUGR, n = 15 controls, equally divided in placentas from male and female fetuses) were analyzed for the expression of gal-4, -8, -9 and -12 by immunohistology and immunofluorescence, data were obtained by using a semiquantitative scoring system. Double immune-fluorescence with trophoblast specific markers was used to identify co-expression in the decidua. RESULTS We identified dysregulation of tandem repeat galectins in IUGR placentas with a strong connection to the fetal gender. We identified a significantly lower expression of gal-4 and gal-9 in villous trophoblast tissue of IUGR placentas with male fetuses and a downregulation of gal-4 and gal-8 in extravillous trophoblast (EVT) from IUGR and male fetuses. Conversely, expression of gal-9 and gal-12 was higher in EVT of IUGR cases in placentas with female fetuses. Double immunofluorescence using cytokeratin-7 confirmed the expression of tandem-repeat galectins in EVT. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The human placenta expresses tandem-repeat type galectins in villous trophoblasts, EVT, endothelial cells and decidual stromal cells. Summarizing all effects, there is significant down-regulation of gal-4, -8 and gal-9 in the IUGR trophoblast of male fetuses. In contrast, in IUGR pregnancies with female fetus gal-9 and gal-12 are upregulated in the EVT and in endothelial cells in the cases of gal-12. Therefore we propose a fetal-gender specific action of tandem repeat galectins in IUGR placentas.
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Bum-Erdene K, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Blanchard H. Structural characterization of human galectin-4 C-terminal domain: elucidating the molecular basis for recognition of glycosphingolipids, sulfated saccharides and blood group antigens. FEBS J 2015; 282:3348-67. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Section MIG; Department of Laboratory Medicine; Lund University; Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; Lund University; Sweden
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Liang Y, Chen H, Zhang HB, Jin YX, Guo HQ, Chen XG, Sun H. Lectin from Agrocybe aegerita as a glycophenotype probe for evaluation of progression and survival in colorectal cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:5601-5. [PMID: 25081672 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.14.5601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agrocybe aegerita Lectin (AAL) has been identified to have high affinity for sulfated and α2-3- linked sialic acid glycoconjugates, especially the sulfated and sialyl TF (Thomsen-Friedenreich) disaccharide. This study was conducted to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic value of AAL in identifying aberrant glycosylation in colorectal cancer (CRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Glycoconjugate expression in 59 CRC tissues were detected using AAL-histochemistry. Clinicopathological associates of expression were analyzed with chi- square test or Fisher's exact test. Relationships between expression and the various clinicopathological parameters was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models. RESULTS AAL specific glycoconjugate expression was significantly higher in tumor than corresponding normal tissues (66.1% and 46.1%, respectively, p=0.037), correlating with depth of invasion (p=0.015) and TNM stage (p=0.024). Patients with lower expression levels had a significantly higher survival rate than those with higher expression (p=0.046 by log rank test and p=0.047 by Breslow test for overall survival; p=0.054 by log rank test and P=0.038 by Breslow test for progress free survival). A marginally significant association was found between AAL specific glycoconjugate expression and overall survival by univariate Cox regression analysis (p=0.059). CONCLUSIONS Lower AAL specific glycoconjugate expression is a significant favorable prognostic factor for overall and progress free survival in CRC. This is the first report about the employment of AAL for histochemical analysis of cancer tissues. The binding characteristics of AAL means it has potential to become a powerful tool for the glycan investigation and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China E-mail : ,
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41
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Gabius HJ, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, André S. The glycobiology of the CD system: a dictionary for translating marker designations into glycan/lectin structure and function. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:360-76. [PMID: 25981696 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The profile of cell surface molecules, the biochemical platform for cellular communication, can be likened to a molecular fingerprint. Historically, raising monoclonal antibodies by immunization with cells has been instrumental in obtaining tools suited for phenotyping and functional analysis. Initially for leukocyte antigens, the resulting cluster of differentiation (CD) nomenclature has become a popular system for classification. Glycans presented on proteins or lipids and receptors for carbohydrate structures (lectins) are part of the CD list. Our review presents biochemical and biomedical highlights of the respective CD entries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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42
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Abad-Rodríguez J, Díez-Revuelta N. Axon glycoprotein routing in nerve polarity, function, and repair. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:385-96. [PMID: 25936977 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nervous system function relies on the capacity of neurons to organize specialized domains for impulse reception or transmission. Such a polarized architecture relies on highly discriminatory and efficient mechanisms for the transport and targeting of required molecules to their functional positions. Glycans play a central role in polarized traffic based on their extraordinary capacity to encrypt bio-information. Glycan-based interactions exquisitely regulate cargo selection, trafficking, and targeting to the axon membrane. This generates segregated functional domains, where basal nerve processes such as axon growth, synaptic activity, or myelination take place. Deciphering the details of the glycan structures and carbohydrate-binding molecules that underlie these mechanisms improves our knowledge of nerve physiology and defines novel specific approaches for neurological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Abad-Rodríguez
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Natalia Díez-Revuelta
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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Ay A, Gong D, Kahveci T. Network-based Prediction of Cancer under Genetic Storm. Cancer Inform 2014; 13:15-31. [PMID: 25368507 PMCID: PMC4214593 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Classification of cancer patients using traditional methods is a challenging task in the medical practice. Owing to rapid advances in microarray technologies, currently expression levels of thousands of genes from individual cancer patients can be measured. The classification of cancer patients by supervised statistical learning algorithms using the gene expression datasets provides an alternative to the traditional methods. Here we present a new network-based supervised classification technique, namely the NBC method. We compare NBC to five traditional classification techniques (support vector machines (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), naïve Bayes (NB), C4.5, and random forest (RF)) using 50–300 genes selected by five feature selection methods. Our results on five large cancer datasets demonstrate that NBC method outperforms traditional classification techniques. Our analysis suggests that using symmetrical uncertainty (SU) feature selection method with NBC method provides the most accurate classification strategy. Finally, in-depth analysis of the correlation-based co-expression networks chosen by our network-based classifier in different cancer classes shows that there are drastic changes in the network models of different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Ay
- Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA. ; Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Dihong Gong
- Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tamer Kahveci
- Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Baum LG, Garner OB, Schaefer K, Lee B. Microbe-Host Interactions are Positively and Negatively Regulated by Galectin-Glycan Interactions. Front Immunol 2014; 5:284. [PMID: 24995007 PMCID: PMC4061488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbe–host interactions are complex processes that are directly and indirectly regulated by a variety of factors, including microbe presentation of specific molecular signatures on the microbial surface, as well as host cell presentation of receptors that recognize these pathogen signatures. Cell surface glycans are one important class of microbial signatures that are recognized by a variety of host cell lectins. Host cell lectins that recognize microbial glycans include members of the galectin family of lectins that recognize specific glycan ligands on viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. In this review, we will discuss the ways that the interactions of microbial glycans with host cell galectins positively and negatively regulate pathogen attachment, invasion, and survival, as well as regulate host responses that mitigate microbial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda G Baum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Omai B Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Katrin Schaefer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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45
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Vladoiu MC, Labrie M, St-Pierre Y. Intracellular galectins in cancer cells: potential new targets for therapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1001-14. [PMID: 24452506 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of galectin expression is frequently observed in cancer tissues. Such an abnormal expression pattern often correlates with aggressiveness and relapse in many types of cancer. Because galectins have the ability to modulate functions that are important for cell survival, migration and metastasis, they also represent attractive targets for cancer therapy. This has been well-exploited for extracellular galectins, which bind glycoconjugates expressed on the surface of cancer cells. Although the existence of intracellular functions of galectins has been known for many years, an increasing number of studies indicate that these proteins can also alter tumor progression through their interaction with intracellular ligands. In fact, in some instances, the interactions of galectins with their intracellular ligands seem to occur independently of their carbohydrate recognition domain. Such findings call for a change in the basic assumptions, or paradigms, concerning the activity of galectins in cancer and may force us to revisit our strategies to develop galectin antagonists for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
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46
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André S, Wang GN, Gabius HJ, Murphy PV. Combining glycocluster synthesis with protein engineering: an approach to probe into the significance of linker length in a tandem-repeat-type lectin (galectin-4). Carbohydr Res 2014; 389:25-38. [PMID: 24698724 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Complementarity in lectin-glycan interactions in situ is assumed to involve spatial features in both the lectin and the glycan, giving a functional meaning to structural aspects of the lectin beyond its carbohydrate-binding site. In combining protein engineering with glycocluster synthesis, it is shown that the natural linker length of a tandem-repeat-type human lectin (galectin-4) determines binding properties in two binding assays (using surface-presented glycoprotein and cell surface assays). The types of glycocluster tested included bivalent lactosides based on tertiary amides of terephthalic, isophthalic, 2,6-naphthalic and oxalic acids as well as bivalent H(type 2) trisaccharides grafted on secondary/tertiary terephthalamides and two triazole-linker-containing cores. The presented data reveal a marked change in susceptibility to the test compounds when turning the tandem-repeat-type to a proto-type-like display. The testing of glycoclusters is suggested as a general strategy to help to delineate the significance of distinct structural features of lectins beyond their contact sites to the glycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Guan-Nan Wang
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
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47
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Holst S, Stavenhagen K, Balog CIA, Koeleman CAM, McDonnell LM, Mayboroda OA, Verhoeven A, Mesker WE, Tollenaar RAEM, Deelder AM, Wuhrer M. Investigations on aberrant glycosylation of glycosphingolipids in colorectal cancer tissues using liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3081-93. [PMID: 23878401 PMCID: PMC3820925 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death and alterations of glycosylation are characteristic features of malignant cells. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers and its exact causes and biology are not yet well understood. Here, we compared glycosylation profiles of colorectal tumor tissues and corresponding control tissues of 13 colorectal cancer patients to contribute to the understanding of this cancer. Using MALDI-TOF(/TOF)-MS and 2-dimensional LC-MS/MS we characterized enzymatically released and 2-aminobenzoic acid labeled glycans from glycosphingolipids. Multivariate data analysis revealed significant differences between tumor and corresponding control tissues. Main discriminators were obtained, which represent the overall alteration in glycosylation of glycosphingolipids during colorectal cancer progression, and these were found to be characterized by (1) increased fucosylation, (2) decreased acetylation, (3) decreased sulfation, (4) reduced expression of globo-type glycans, as well as (5) disialyl gangliosides. The findings of our current research confirm former reports, and in addition expand the knowledge of glycosphingolipid glycosylation in colorectal cancer by revealing new glycans with discriminative power and characteristic, cancer-associated glycosylation alterations. The obtained discriminating glycans can contribute to progress the discovery of biomarkers to improve diagnostics and patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Holst
- From the ‡Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Stavenhagen
- From the ‡Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Crina I. A. Balog
- From the ‡Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien A. M. Koeleman
- From the ‡Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Liam M. McDonnell
- From the ‡Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg A. Mayboroda
- From the ‡Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aswin Verhoeven
- From the ‡Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma E. Mesker
- §Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - André M. Deelder
- From the ‡Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- From the ‡Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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48
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Knirel YA, Gabius HJ, Blixt O, Rapoport EM, Khasbiullina NR, Shilova NV, Bovin NV. Human tandem-repeat-type galectins bind bacterial non-βGal polysaccharides. Glycoconj J 2013; 31:7-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-013-9497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Ideo H, Hoshi I, Yamashita K, Sakamoto M. Phosphorylation and externalization of galectin-4 is controlled by Src family kinases. Glycobiology 2013; 23:1452-62. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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50
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Expression and function of galectins in the endometrium and at the human feto-maternal interface. Placenta 2013; 34:863-72. [PMID: 23911101 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are classified as lectins that share structural similarities and bind β-galactosides via a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain. So far 16 out of 19 identified galectins were shown to be present in humans and numerous studies revealed galectins as pivotal modulators of cell death, differentiation and growth. Galectins were highlighted to interact with both the adaptive and innate immune response. In the field of reproductive medicine and placenta research different roles for galectins have been proposed. Several galectins, being abundantly present at the human feto-maternal interphase and endometrium, were hypothesized to significantly contribute to endometrial receptivity and pregnancy physiology. Hence, this review outlines selected aspects of galectin action within endometrial function and at the feto-maternal interphase. Further current knowledge on galectins in reproductive and pregnancy disorders like endometriosis, abortion or preeclampsia is summarized.
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