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Liu J, Wu Y, Meng S, Xu P, Li S, Li Y, Hu X, Ouyang L, Wang G. Selective autophagy in cancer: mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and future perspectives. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:22. [PMID: 38262996 PMCID: PMC10807193 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells engage in autophagy, an internal process of self-degradation through lysosomes. Autophagy can be classified as selective or non-selective depending on the way it chooses to degrade substrates. During the process of selective autophagy, damaged and/or redundant organelles like mitochondria, peroxisomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, nuclei, proteasomes, and lipid droplets are selectively recycled. Specific cargo is delivered to autophagosomes by specific receptors, isolated and engulfed. Selective autophagy dysfunction is closely linked with cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, heart failure, etc. Through reviewing latest research, this review summarized molecular markers and important signaling pathways for selective autophagy, and its significant role in cancers. Moreover, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of small-molecule compounds targeting selective autophagy for their potential application in anti-tumor therapy, elucidating the underlying mechanisms involved. This review aims to supply important scientific references and development directions for the biological mechanisms and drug discovery of anti-tumor targeting selective autophagy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Liu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongya Wu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sha Meng
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Emergency Department, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Shutong Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiuying Hu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Guan Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Zhou X, Mahdizadeh SJ, Le Gallo M, Eriksson LA, Chevet E, Lafont E. UFMylation: a ubiquitin-like modification. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:52-67. [PMID: 37945409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) add a major degree of complexity to the proteome and are essential controllers of protein homeostasis. Amongst the hundreds of PTMs identified, ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like (UBL) modifications are recognized as key regulators of cellular processes through their ability to affect protein-protein interactions, protein stability, and thus the functions of their protein targets. Here, we focus on the most recently identified UBL, ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1), and the machinery responsible for its transfer to substrates (UFMylation) or its removal (deUFMylation). We first highlight the biochemical peculiarities of these processes, then we develop on how UFMylation and its machinery control various intertwined cellular processes and we highlight some of the outstanding research questions in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Zhou
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Sayyed J Mahdizadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthieu Le Gallo
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
| | - Elodie Lafont
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
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3
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Yan H, Xu JJ, Ali I, Zhang W, Jiang M, Li G, Teng Y, Zhu G, Cai Y. CDK5RAP3, an essential regulator of checkpoint, interacts with RPL26 and maintains the stability of cell growth. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13240. [PMID: 35509151 PMCID: PMC9136512 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE AND MATERIALS CDK5RAP3 (CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 3) was originally identified as a binding protein of CDK5. It is a crucial gene controlling biological functions, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. Although previous studies have also shown that CDK5RAP3 is involved in a variety of signalling pathways, however, the mechanism of CDK5RAP3 remains largely undefined. This study utilized MEFs from conditional knockout mice to inhibit CDK5RAP3 and knockdown CDK5RAP3 in MCF7 to explore the role of CDK5RAP3 in cell growth, mitosis, and cell death. RESULTS CDK5RAP3 was found to be widely distributed throughout the centrosome, spindle, and endoplasmic reticulum, indicating that it is involved in regulating a variety of cellular activities. CDK5RAP3 deficiency resulted in instability of cell growth. CDK5RAP3 deficiency partly blocks the cell cycle in G2 /M by downregulating CDK1 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 1) and CCNB1 (Cyclin B1) expression levels. The cell proliferation rate was decreased, thereby slowing down the cell growth rate. Furthermore, the results showed that CDK5RAP3 interacts with RPL26 (ribosome protein L26) to regulate the mTOR pathway. CDK5RAP3 and RPL26 deficiency inhibited mTOR/p-mTOR protein and induce autophagy, resulting in an upregulation of the percentage of apoptosis, and the upregulated percentage of apoptosis also slowed cell growth. CONCLUSIONS Our experiments show that CDK5RAP3 interacts with RPL26 and maintains the stability of cell growth. It shows that CDK5RAP3 plays an important role in cell growth and can be used as the target of gene medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchen Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Jie Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ilyas Ali
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiping Li
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Guangxun Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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4
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CDK5RAP3, a New BRCA2 Partner That Regulates DNA Repair, Is Associated with Breast Cancer Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020353. [PMID: 35053516 PMCID: PMC8773632 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA2 is essential for homologous recombination DNA repair. BRCA2 mutations lead to genome instability and increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Similarly, mutations in BRCA2-interacting proteins are also known to modulate sensitivity to DNA damage agents and are established cancer risk factors. Here we identify the tumor suppressor CDK5RAP3 as a novel BRCA2 helical domain-interacting protein. CDK5RAP3 depletion induced DNA damage resistance, homologous recombination and single-strand annealing upregulation, and reduced spontaneous and DNA damage-induced genomic instability, suggesting that CDK5RAP3 negatively regulates double-strand break repair in the S-phase. Consistent with this cellular phenotype, analysis of transcriptomic data revealed an association between low CDK5RAP3 tumor expression and poor survival of breast cancer patients. Finally, we identified common genetic variations in the CDK5RAP3 locus as potentially associated with breast and ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Our results uncover CDK5RAP3 as a critical player in DNA repair and breast cancer outcomes.
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Sheng L, Li J, Rao S, Yang Z, Huang Y. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Regulatory Subunit Associated Protein 3: Potential Functions and Implications for Development and Disease. Front Oncol 2021; 11:760429. [PMID: 34722315 PMCID: PMC8551632 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.760429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) regulatory subunit associated protein 3 (CDK5RAP3, also named as C53 or LZAP) was initially identified as a binding protein of CDK5 activator p35. To date, CDK5RAP3 has been reported to interact with a range of proteins involved in cellular events ranging from cell cycle, apoptosis, and invasion to UFMylation modification and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Owing to its crucial roles in cellular processes, CDK5RAP3 is demonstrated to be not only an active participant in embryonic and mammalian tissue development, but also a key regulator in the onset and progress of human cancers such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer and breast cancer. Notwithstanding, the detailed function of CDK5RAP3 and its mechanism remain poorly defined. Here, we briefly described a history of the discovery of CDK5RAP3, and systematically overviewed its gene structural and distribution features. We also focused on the known functions of this protein and its implications for embryogenesis and tissue development, as well as diseases especially carcinoma. This review may facilitate to understand the molecular and functional basis of CDK5RAP3 and its association with development and disease, and provide a reasonable idea for novel therapeutic opportunities targeting CDK5RAP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Sheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Graduate College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Nanchang Joint Program, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shengfang Rao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanchang University Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yonghong Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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6
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He L, Qian X, Cui Y. Advances in ER-Phagy and Its Diseases Relevance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092328. [PMID: 34571977 PMCID: PMC8465915 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important form of selective autophagy in cells, ER-phagy (endoplasmic reticulum-selective autophagy), the autophagic degradation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), degrades ER membranes and proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis. The relationship between ER-phagy and human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and other metabolic diseases has been unveiled by extensive research in recent years. Starting with the catabolic process of ER-phagy and key mediators in this pathway, this paper reviews the advances in the mechanism of ER-phagy and its diseases relevance. We hope to provide some enlightenment for further study on ER-phagy and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (L.H.); (X.Q.)
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xuehong Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (L.H.); (X.Q.)
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yixian Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (L.H.); (X.Q.)
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87267099
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7
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Li J, Zhou L, Liu Y, Yang L, Jiang D, Li K, Xie S, Wang X, Wang S. Comprehensive Analysis of Cyclin Family Gene Expression in Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:674394. [PMID: 33996604 PMCID: PMC8117346 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.674394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a common malignancy of the digestive tract with high morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need to identify effective biomarkers for the early diagnosis of colon cancer and to prolong patient survival. Cyclins are a family of proteins that directly participate in the cell cycle and are associated with many types of tumors, but the role and regulatory mechanism of most cyclin family members in colon cancer remain unclear. Here, we provide a systematic and comprehensive study of cyclin family gene expression and their potential roles in colon cancer. Pan-cancer analysis revealed that cyclin genes were most differentially expressed in colon adenocarcinoma. Among the four datasets of colon cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus, six cyclin genes (CCNA2, CCNB1, CCND1, CCNE1, CCNF, and CCNJL) were differentially expressed between normal and tumor tissues. Four of them (CCNA2, CCNB1, CCNE1, and CCNF) were notably elevated in the early TNM stages and significantly correlated with overall survival. Meanwhile, the expression of CCNA2 and CCNB1 was positively correlated with tumor-killing immune cells, such as CD8+ T cells.The copy numbers of CCNA2, CCNB1, CCND1, CCNE1, and CCNF was positively related to gene expression. The methylation levels of CCNB1 were lower in tumor tissues than in normal tissues and were negatively correlated with gene expression. The receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that the gene expression of 24 cyclins had higher predictive accuracy than the TNM stage. Pathway analysis showed that cyclin genes were tightly associated with apoptosis, the cell cycle, hormone ER, the RAS/MAPK pathway, mismatch repair, mTORC1 signaling, KRAS signaling, Akt, and TGFB in colon cancer. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis suggested that cyclin genes were closely linked to CDK1, BIRC5, PLK1, and BCL2L12. At the protein level, Cyclin A2 and Cyclin B1 were also expressed higher in colon adenocarcinoma tissues. In addition, cyclin genes were highly related to the drug sensitivity of some FDA-approved drugs, such as MEK and EGFR inhibitors, which might provide guidance for clinical treatment. In conclusion, cyclin genes are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieling Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingzhi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dayi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Kuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shouxia Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoxiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Witting KF, Mulder MP. Highly Specialized Ubiquitin-Like Modifications: Shedding Light into the UFM1 Enigma. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020255. [PMID: 33578803 PMCID: PMC7916544 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification with Ubiquitin-like proteins represents a complex signaling language regulating virtually every cellular process. Among these post-translational modifiers is Ubiquitin-fold modifier (UFM1), which is covalently attached to its substrates through the orchestrated action of a dedicated enzymatic cascade. Originally identified to be involved embryonic development, its biological function remains enigmatic. Recent research reveals that UFM1 regulates a variety of cellular events ranging from DNA repair to autophagy and ER stress response implicating its involvement in a variety of diseases. Given the contribution of UFM1 to numerous pathologies, the enzymes of the UFM1 cascade represent attractive targets for pharmacological inhibition. Here we discuss the current understanding of this cryptic post-translational modification especially its contribution to disease as well as expand on the unmet needs of developing chemical and biochemical tools to dissect its role.
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9
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Quintero M, Liu S, Xia Y, Huang Y, Zou Y, Li G, Hu L, Singh N, Blumberg R, Cai Y, Xu H, Li H. Cdk5rap3 is essential for intestinal Paneth cell development and maintenance. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:131. [PMID: 33504792 PMCID: PMC7841144 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal Paneth cells are professional exocrine cells that play crucial roles in maintenance of homeostatic microbiome, modulation of mucosal immunity, and support for stem cell self-renewal. Dysfunction of these cells may lead to the pathogenesis of human diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Cdk5 activator binding protein Cdk5rap3 (also known as C53 and LZAP) was originally identified as a binding protein of Cdk5 activator p35. Although previous studies have indicated its involvement in a wide range of signaling pathways, the physiological function of Cdk5rap3 remains largely undefined. In this study, we found that Cdk5rap3 deficiency resulted in very early embryonic lethality, indicating its indispensable role in embryogenesis. To further investigate its function in the adult tissues and organs, we generated intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific knockout mouse model to examine its role in intestinal development and tissue homeostasis. IEC-specific deletion of Cdk5rap3 led to nearly complete loss of Paneth cells and increased susceptibility to experimentally induced colitis. Interestingly, Cdk5rap3 deficiency resulted in downregulation of key transcription factors Gfi1 and Sox9, indicating its crucial role in Paneth cell fate specification. Furthermore, Cdk5rap3 is highly expressed in mature Paneth cells. Paneth cell-specific knockout of Cdk5rap3 caused partial loss of Paneth cells, while inducible acute deletion of Cdk5rap3 resulted in disassembly of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and abnormal zymogen granules in the mature Paneth cells, as well as loss of Paneth cells. Together, our results provide definitive evidence for the essential role of Cdk5rap3 in Paneth cell development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Quintero
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Siyang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yanhua Xia
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yonghong Huang
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Metabolic Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Metabolic Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Nagendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Richard Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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10
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Shen Y, Zou Y, Li J, Chen F, Li H, Cai Y. CDK5RAP3, a Novel Nucleoplasmic Shuttle, Deeply Regulates HSF1-Mediated Heat Stress Response and Protects Mammary Epithelial Cells from Heat Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8400. [PMID: 33182370 PMCID: PMC7664939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK5RAP3 was regarded as the most significant regulator of cellular responses against heat stress, which is associated with dysfunctions of the immune system and animal susceptibility to disease. Despite this, little known about how CDK5RAP3 regulates heat stress response. In this study, CDK5RAP3 conditional Knockout (CKO) mice, CDK5RAP3-/- mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) and bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were used as an in vitro and in vivo model, respectively to reveal the role of CDK5RAP3 in regulating the heat stress response. The deletion of CDK5RAP3 unexpectedly caused animal lethality after 1.5-h heat stimulations. Furthermore, BMECs were re-cultured for eight hours after heat stress and was found that the expression of CDK5RAP3 and HSPs showed a similar fluctuating pattern of increase (0-2, 4-6 h) and decrease (2-4, 6-8 h). In addition to the remarkably enhanced expression of heat shock protein, apoptosis rate and endoplasmic reticulum stress, the deletion of CDK5RAP3 also affected nucleoplasmic translocation and trimer formation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). These programs were further confirmed in the mammary gland of CDK5RAP3 CKO mice and CDK5RAP3-/- MEFs as well. Interestingly, genetic silencing of HSF1 downregulated CDK5RAP3 expression in BMECs. Immunostaining and immunoprecipitation studies suggested a physical interaction between CDK5RAP3 and HSF1 being co-localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Besides, CDK5RAP3 also interacted with HSP90, suggesting an operative machinery at both transcriptional level and protein functionality of HSP90 per se. Together, our findings suggested that CDK5RAP3 works like a novel nucleoplasmic shuttle or molecular chaperone, deeply participating in HSF1-mediated heat stress response and protecting cells from heat injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Yan Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China;
| | - Fanghui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (F.C.)
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11
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Yang S, Yang R, Wang H, Huang Y, Jia Y. CDK5RAP3 Deficiency Restrains Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy Triggering Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2403-2416. [PMID: 32926856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 3 (CDK5RAP3) plays a crucial role in mammalian liver development and hepatic function by controlling hepatocyte proliferation and differentiation, glucose and lipid metabolism, UFMylation, and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. However, the role of CDK5RAP3 in liver regeneration remains unknown. A liver-specific Cdk5rap3 knockout (CKO) mouse model was used to study the function of CDK5RAP3 during liver regeneration induced by standard two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PHx). Twenty-four hours after PHx, the liver-to-body weight ratio was markedly higher in CKO mice than in wild-type mice. However, this ratio did not increase significantly and gradually over time after PHx in CKO mice. Hepatocyte proliferation was significantly delayed in CKO mice compared with wild-type mice. Meanwhile, CDK5RAP3 deficiency increased lipid accumulation, impaired glycogen synthesis, and lowered blood glucose levels after PHx. Critically, the absence of CDK5RAP3 seemed to promote an inflammatory response and induce apoptosis at a late stage of liver regeneration. In addition, CDK5RAP3 deficiency disrupted UFMylation homeostasis and aggravated endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatocytes after PHx. Taken together, these data suggest that CDK5RAP3 enhances liver regeneration, at least partially via controlling cell cycle and glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuyan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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12
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Song T, Yang W, Huang L, Yang Z, Jiang S. Zearalenone exposure affects the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and related genes of porcine endometrial epithelial cells in vitro. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:993-1005. [PMID: 32898953 PMCID: PMC8100490 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Zearalenone (ZEA) has estrogen-like effects. Our previous study has shown that ZEA (0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg) could induce abnormal uterine proliferation through transforming growth factor signaling pathway. To further study the other regulatory networks of uterine hypertrophy caused by ZEA, the potential mechanism of ZEA on porcine endometrial epithelial cells (PECs) was explored by the Illumina Hiseq 2000 sequencing system. Methods The PECs were treated with ZEA at 0 (ZEA0), 5 (ZEA5), 20 (ZEA20), and 80 (ZEA80) μmol/L for 24 h. The collected cells were subjected to cell cycle, RNA-seq, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis. Results The proportion of cells in the S and G2 phases decreased (p<0.05), but the proportion of cells in the G1 phase increased (p<0.05) in the ZEA80 treatment. Data analysis revealed that the expression of Wnt pathway-related genes, estrogen-related genes, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway-related genes increased (p<0.05), but the expression of genetic stability genes decreased (p<0.05) with increasing ZEA concentrations. The relative mRNA and protein expression of WNT1, β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) were increased (p<0.05) with ZEA increasing, while the relative mRNA and protein expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) was decreased (p<0.05). Moreover, our immunofluorescence results indicate that β-catenin accumulated around the nucleus from the cell membrane and cytoplasm with increasing ZEA concentrations. Conclusion In summary, ZEA can activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by up-regulating WNT1 and β-catenin expression, to promote the proliferation and development of PECs. At the same time, the up-regulation of GSK-3β and down-regulation of CCND1, as well as the mRNA expression of other pathway related genes indicated that other potential effects of ZEA on the uterine development need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Song
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271 018, China
| | - Weiren Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271 018, China
| | - Libo Huang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271 018, China
| | - Zaibin Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271 018, China
| | - Shuzhen Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271 018, China
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13
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Peña-Blanco A, Haschka MD, Jenner A, Zuleger T, Proikas-Cezanne T, Villunger A, García-Sáez AJ. Drp1 modulates mitochondrial stress responses to mitotic arrest. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2620-2634. [PMID: 32203171 PMCID: PMC7429963 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimitotic drugs are extensively used in the clinics to treat different types of cancer. They can retain cells in a prolonged mitotic arrest imposing two major fates, mitotic slippage, or mitotic cell death. While the former is molecularly well characterized, the mechanisms that control mitotic cell death remain poorly understood. Here, we performed quantitative proteomics of HeLa cells under mitotic arrest induced with paclitaxel, a microtubule-stabilizer drug, to identify regulators of such cell fate decision. We identified alterations in several apoptosis-related proteins, among which the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 presented increased levels. We found that Drp1 depletion during prolonged mitotic arrest led to strong mitochondrial depolarization and faster mitotic cell death as well as enhanced mitophagy, a mechanism to remove damaged mitochondria. Our findings support a new role of Drp1 in orchestrating the cellular stress responses during mitosis, where mitochondrial function and distribution into the daughter cells need to be coordinated with cell fate. This novel function of Drp1 in the cell cycle becomes best visible under conditions of prolonged mitotic arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Peña-Blanco
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuel D Haschka
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Jenner
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Genetics, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Theresia Zuleger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
- Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. .,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Institute of Genetics, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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14
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Dai YF, Lin N, He DQ, Xu M, Zhong LY, He SQ, Guo DH, Li Y, Huang HL, Zheng XQ, Xu LP. LZAP promotes the proliferation and invasiveness of cervical carcinoma cells by targeting AKT and EMT. J Cancer 2020; 11:1625-1633. [PMID: 32047568 PMCID: PMC6995386 DOI: 10.7150/jca.39359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the relationship and mechanism of LZAP in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer and to provide a new target and intervention method for the treatment of cervical cancer. Methods: Data mining and analysis of LZAP expression levels were performed using several online databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A cervical cancer cell line that stably overexpresses LZAP was established, and the effect of LZAP overexpression on cell proliferation, invasion, migration and tumor formation in vivo as well as its mechanism were explored. Results: Our study shows that the expression of LZAP is upregulated in cervical cancer. The overexpression of LZAP can significantly promote the proliferation, colony formation, and invasion and migration abilities of cervical cancer cells. The tumorigenesis test in nude mice showed that overexpression of LZAP could promote the tumorigenicity of cervical cancer cells in vivo. LZAP could also promote the phosphorylation of AKT at position 473 and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conclusion: The expression of LAZP is increased in cervical cancer, which can enhance the invasion, metastasis, and EMT in cervical cancer cells by promoting AKT phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Dai
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Na Lin
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - De-Qin He
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Mu Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Li-Ying Zhong
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Shu-Qiong He
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Dan-Hua Guo
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Ying Li
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Hai-Long Huang
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Xiang-Qing Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Liang-Pu Xu
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou 350001, China
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15
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Yu L, Li G, Deng J, Jiang X, Xue J, Zhu Y, Huang W, Tang B, Duan R. The UFM1 cascade times mitosis entry associated with microcephaly. FASEB J 2019; 34:1319-1330. [PMID: 31914610 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901751r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications enhance the functional diversity of the proteome by modifying the substrates. The UFM1 cascade is a novel ubiquitin-like modification system. The mutations in UFM1, its E1 (UBA5) and E2 (UFC1), have been identified in patients with microcephaly. However, its pathological mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we observed the disruption of the UFM1 cascade in Drosophila neuroblasts (NBs) decreased the number of NBs, leading to a smaller brain size. The lack of ufmylation in NBs resulted in an increased mitotic index and an extended G2/M phase, indicating a defect in mitotic progression. In addition, live imaging of the embryos revealed an impaired E3 ligase (Ufl1) function resulted in premature entry into mitosis and failed cellularization. Even worse, the embryonic lethality occurred as early as within the first few mitotic cycles following the depletion of Ufm1. Knockdown of ufmylation in the fixed embryos exhibited severe phenotypes, including detached centrosomes, defective microtubules, and DNA bridge. Furthermore, we observed that the UFM1 cascade could alter the level of phosphorylation on tyrosine-15 of CDK1 (pY15-CDK1), which is a negative regulator of the G2 to M transition. These findings yield unambiguous evidence suggesting that the UFM1 cascade is a microcephaly-causing factor that regulates the progression of the cell cycle at mitosis phase entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangxu Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Xue
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingbao Zhu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ranhui Duan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Fang Z, Pan Z. Essential Role of Ubiquitin-Fold Modifier 1 Conjugation in DNA Damage Response. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1030-1039. [PMID: 31368785 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Both endogenous and exogenous factors can cause DNA damage that compromises genomic integrity and cell viability. A proper DNA damage response (DDR) plays a role in maintaining genome stability and preventing tumorigenesis. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most toxic DNA lesion, whose response is dominated by the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase. After being activated by the sensor Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex or acetyltransferase Tip60, ATM rapidly phosphorylates downstream targets to launch DDR signaling when DNA is damaged. However, the exact mechanism of DDR is complex and ambiguous. Ufmylation, one type of ubiquitin-like modification, proceeds mainly through a three-step enzymatic reaction to help ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (Ufm1), attach to substrates with ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 5 (Uba5), Ufm1-conjugating enzyme 1 (Ufc1) and Ufm1-specific ligase 1 (Ufl1). Although ubiquitination is essential to the DSBs response, the potential function of ufmylation in DDR is largely unknown. Herein, we review the relationship between ufmylation and DDR to elucidate the function and mechanism of ufmylation in DDR, which would reveal the pathogenesis of some diseases and provide new guidance to create a therapeutic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Fang
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zezheng Pan
- Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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17
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CDK5RAP3 Participates in Autophagy Regulation and Is Downregulated in Renal Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:6171782. [PMID: 31061682 PMCID: PMC6466961 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6171782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Renal cancer is one of the most common malignant urological tumors; however, its diagnosis and treatment are not well established. In the present study, we identified that CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 3 (CDK5RAP3), a putative tumor suppressor in many cancers, was downregulated in renal cancer tissues. Through loss- and gain-of-function experiments, we observed that the action of CDK5RAP3 in renal cancer cells was different in Caki-1 and 769-P cell lines. Knockdown of endogenous CDK5RAP3 in Caki-1 slightly increased cell viability, whereas overexpression of CDK5RAP3 in 769-P cells inhibited cell viability. In addition, we observed that CDK5RAP3 participated in the regulation of autophagy in renal cancer. Knockdown of CDK5RAP3 induced significant inhibition of autophagy in Caki-1 cells but not in 769-P cells. In contrast, overexpression of CDK5RAP3 significantly activated autophagy in 769-P cells, as evidenced by increased LC3-II levels. However, the LC3-II could not be altered by CDK5RAP3 overexpression in Caki-1 cells. These findings demonstrated that CDK5RAP3 is downregulated in renal cancer and may be associated with autophagy.
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18
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Yang R, Wang H, Kang B, Chen B, Shi Y, Yang S, Sun L, Liu Y, Xiao W, Zhang T, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Xu P, Chang Y, Jia Y, Huang Y. CDK5RAP3, a UFL1 substrate adaptor, is crucial for liver development. Development 2019; 146:dev.169235. [PMID: 30635284 DOI: 10.1242/dev.169235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) regulates numerous biological functions. The UFM1 system, a novel UBL conjugation system, is implicated in mouse development and hematopoiesis. However, its broad biological functions and working mechanisms remain largely elusive. CDK5RAP3, a possible ufmylation substrate, is essential for epiboly and gastrulation in zebrafish. Herein, we report a crucial role of CDK5RAP3 in liver development and hepatic functions. Cdk5rap3 knockout mice displayed prenatal lethality with severe liver hypoplasia, as characterized by delayed proliferation and compromised differentiation. Hepatocyte-specific Cdk5rap3 knockout mice suffered post-weaning lethality, owing to serious hypoglycemia and impaired lipid metabolism. Depletion of CDK5RAP3 triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress and activated unfolded protein responses in hepatocytes. We detected the in vivo interaction of CDK5RAP3 with UFL1, the defined E3 ligase in ufmylation. Notably, loss of CDK5RAP3 altered the ufmylation profile in liver cells, suggesting that CDK5RAP3 serves as a novel substrate adaptor for this UBL modification. Collectively, our study identifies CDK5RAP3 as an important regulator of ufmylation and suggests the involvement of ufmylation in mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Boxi Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yaoyao Shi
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shuchun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lihong Sun
- Center for Experimental Animal Research, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Weidi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Juntao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yuyan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China .,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China .,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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19
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Liu XL, Wu RY, Sun XF, Cheng SF, Zhang RQ, Zhang TY, Zhang XF, Zhao Y, Shen W, Li L. Mycotoxin zearalenone exposure impairs genomic stability of swine follicular granulosa cells in vitro. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:294-305. [PMID: 29559847 PMCID: PMC5859475 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a metabolite of Fusarium fungi, is commonly found on moldy grains. Because it can competitively combine to estrogen receptor to disrupt estrogenic signaling, it has been reported to have serious adverse effects on animal reproduction systems. In order to explore the genotoxic effects of ZEA exposure on ovarian somatic cells, porcine granulosa cells were exposed to 10 μM and 30 μM ZEA for 24 or 72 h in vitro. The results showed that ZEA exposure for 24 h remarkably reduced the proliferation of porcine granulosa cells in a dose-dependent manner as determined by MTT analysis and flow cytometry. Furthermore, exposure to ZEA for 72 h induced apoptosis, and RNA sequence analysis also revealed that the expression of apoptosis related genes were altered. RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis further confirmed the expression of DNA damage and repair related genes (γ-H2AX, BRCA1, RAD51 and PRKDC) were increased in ZEA exposed granulosa cells. When the estrogen antagonist, tamoxifen, was added with ZEA in the culture medium, the DNA damage and repairment by ZEA returned to normal level. Collectively, these results illustrate that ZEA disrupts genome stability and inhibits growth of porcine granulosa cells via the estrogen receptors which may promote granulosa cell apoptosis when the DNA repair system is not enough to rescue this serious damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Rui-Ying Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Qingdao Women's and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266034, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shun-Feng Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.,College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Rui-Qian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.,College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Qingdao Women's and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266034, China.,College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.,College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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20
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Martinić I, Eliseeva SV, Nguyen TN, Pecoraro VL, Petoud S. Near-Infrared Optical Imaging of Necrotic Cells by Photostable Lanthanide-Based Metallacrowns. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8388-8391. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Martinić
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | | | - Tu N. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Willard H. Dow Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Vincent L. Pecoraro
- Department
of Chemistry, Willard H. Dow Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Stéphane Petoud
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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21
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Wamsley JJ, Gary C, Biktasova A, Hajek M, Bellinger G, Virk R, Issaeva N, Yarbrough WG. Loss of LZAP inactivates p53 and regulates sensitivity of cells to DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e314. [PMID: 28394357 PMCID: PMC5520489 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and radiation, the two most common cancer therapies, exert their anticancer effects by causing damage to cellular DNA. However, systemic treatment damages DNA not only in cancer, but also in healthy cells, resulting in the progression of serious side effects and limiting efficacy of the treatment. Interestingly, in response to DNA damage, p53 seems to play an opposite role in normal and in the majority of cancer cells-wild-type p53 mediates apoptosis in healthy tissues, attributing to the side effects, whereas mutant p53 often is responsible for acquired cancer resistance to the treatment. Here, we show that leucine zipper-containing ARF-binding protein (LZAP) binds and stabilizes p53. LZAP depletion eliminates p53 protein independently of its mutation status, subsequently protecting wild-type p53 cells from DNA damage-induced cell death, while rendering cells expressing mutant p53 more sensitive to the treatment. In human non-small-cell lung cancer, LZAP levels correlated with p53 levels, suggesting that loss of LZAP may represent a novel mechanism of p53 inactivation in human cancer. Our studies establish LZAP as a p53 regulator and p53-dependent determinative of cell fate in response to DNA damaging treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Wamsley
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Gary
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A Biktasova
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Hajek
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - G Bellinger
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R Virk
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - N Issaeva
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - W G Yarbrough
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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22
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Wamsley JJ, Issaeva N, An H, Lu X, Donehower LA, Yarbrough WG. LZAP is a novel Wip1 binding partner and positive regulator of its phosphatase activity in vitro. Cell Cycle 2016; 16:213-223. [PMID: 28027003 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1261767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatase Wip1 attenuates the DNA damage response (DDR) by removing phosphorylation marks from a number of DDR proteins (p53, MDM2, Chk1/2, p38). Wip1 also dephosphorylates and inactivates RelA. Notably, LZAP, a putative tumor suppressor, has been linked to dephosphorylation of several of these substrates, including RelA, p38, Chk1, and Chk2. LZAP has no known catalytic activity or functional motifs, suggesting that it exerts its effects through interaction with other proteins. Here we show that LZAP binds Wip1 and stimulates its phosphatase activity. LZAP had been previously shown to bind many Wip1 substrates (RelA, p38, Chk1/2), and our results show that LZAP also binds the previously identified Wip1 substrate, MDM2. This work identifies 2 novel Wip1 substrates, ERK1 and HuR, and demonstrates that HuR is a binding partner of LZAP. Pleasingly, LZAP potentiated Wip1 catalytic activity toward each substrate tested, regardless of whether full-length substrates or phosphopeptides were utilized. Since this effect was observed on ERK1, which does not bind LZAP, as well as for each of 7 peptides tested, we hypothesize that LZAP binding to the substrate is not required for this effect and that LZAP directly binds Wip1 to augment its phosphatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jacob Wamsley
- a Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Natalia Issaeva
- a Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA.,b Yale Cancer Center, Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Hanbing An
- c Department of Surgery , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Xinyuan Lu
- d Department of Medicine , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Lawrence A Donehower
- e Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Wendell G Yarbrough
- a Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA.,b Yale Cancer Center, Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA.,f Department of Pathology , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
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Wang JB, Wang ZW, Li Y, Huang CQ, Zheng CH, Li P, Xie JW, Lin JX, Lu J, Chen QY, Cao LL, Lin M, Tu RH, Lin Y, Huang CM. CDK5RAP3 acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer through inhibition of β-catenin signaling. Cancer Lett 2016; 385:188-197. [PMID: 27793695 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CDK5RAP3 was isolated as a binding protein of the Cdk5 activator p35. Although CDK5RAP3 has been implicated in cancer progression, its expression and function have not been investigated in gastric cancer. Our study demonstrated that the mRNA and protein levels of CDK5RAP3 were markedly decreased in gastric tumor tissues when compared with respective adjacent non-tumor tissues. CDK5RAP3 in gastric cancer cells significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor xenograft growth through inhibition of β-catenin. Secondly, CDK5RAP3 was found to suppress the phosphorylation of GSK-3β (Ser9), leading to the phosphorylation (Ser37/Thr41) and subsequent degradation of β-catenin. Lastly, the prognostic value of CDK5RAP3 for overall survival was found to be dependent on β-catenin cytoplasm/nucleus localization in human gastric cancer samples. Collectively, our results demonstrated that CDK5RAP3 negatively regulates the β-catenin signaling pathway by repressing GSK-3β phosphorylation and could be a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bin Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zu-Wei Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Qun Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wei Xie
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Yue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Long Cao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Hong Tu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
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Draney C, Hobson AE, Grover SG, Jack BO, Tessem JS. Cdk5r1 Overexpression Induces Primary β-Cell Proliferation. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:6375804. [PMID: 26788519 PMCID: PMC4691621 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6375804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased β-cell mass is a hallmark of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Islet transplantation as a method of diabetes therapy is hampered by the paucity of transplant ready islets. Understanding the pathways controlling islet proliferation may be used to increase functional β-cell mass through transplantation or by enhanced growth of endogenous β-cells. We have shown that the transcription factor Nkx6.1 induces β-cell proliferation by upregulating the orphan nuclear hormone receptors Nr4a1 and Nr4a3. Using expression analysis to define Nkx6.1-independent mechanisms by which Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 induce β-cell proliferation, we demonstrated that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1 (Cdk5r1) is upregulated by Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 but not by Nkx6.1. Overexpression of Cdk5r1 is sufficient to induce primary rat β-cell proliferation while maintaining glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Overexpression of Cdk5r1 in β-cells confers protection against apoptosis induced by etoposide and thapsigargin, but not camptothecin. The Cdk5 kinase complex inhibitor roscovitine blocks islet proliferation, suggesting that Cdk5r1 mediated β-cell proliferation is a kinase dependent event. Overexpression of Cdk5r1 results in pRb phosphorylation, which is inhibited by roscovitine treatment. These data demonstrate that activation of the Cdk5 kinase complex is sufficient to induce β-cell proliferation while maintaining glucose stimulated insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Draney
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Amanda E. Hobson
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Samuel G. Grover
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Benjamin O. Jack
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jeffery S. Tessem
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- *Jeffery S. Tessem:
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Jalan S, Kanhaiya K, Rai A, Bandapalli OR, Yadav A. Network Topologies Decoding Cervical Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135183. [PMID: 26308848 PMCID: PMC4550414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the GLOBOCAN statistics, cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. It is found to be gradually increasing in the younger population, specifically in the developing countries. We analyzed the protein-protein interaction networks of the uterine cervix cells for the normal and disease states. It was found that the disease network was less random than the normal one, providing an insight into the change in complexity of the underlying network in disease state. The study also portrayed that, the disease state has faster signal processing as the diameter of the underlying network was very close to its corresponding random control. This may be a reason for the normal cells to change into malignant state. Further, the analysis revealed VEGFA and IL-6 proteins as the distinctly high degree nodes in the disease network, which are known to manifest a major contribution in promoting cervical cancer. Our analysis, being time proficient and cost effective, provides a direction for developing novel drugs, therapeutic targets and biomarkers by identifying specific interaction patterns, that have structural importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Jalan
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 452017, India
- Complex Systems Lab, Discipline of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 452017, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Krishna Kanhaiya
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 452017, India
| | - Aparna Rai
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 452017, India
| | - Obul Reddy Bandapalli
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alok Yadav
- Complex Systems Lab, Discipline of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 452017, India
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26
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Overexpression and Nucleolar Localization of γ-Tubulin Small Complex Proteins GCP2 and GCP3 in Glioblastoma. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015; 74:723-42. [PMID: 26079448 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression, cellular distribution, and subcellular sorting of the microtubule (MT)-nucleating γ-tubulin small complex (γTuSC) proteins, GCP2 and GCP3, were studied in human glioblastoma cell lines and in clinical tissue samples representing all histologic grades of adult diffuse astrocytic gliomas (n = 54). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed a significant increase in the expression of GCP2 and GCP3 transcripts in glioblastoma cells versus normal human astrocytes; these were associated with higher amounts of both γTuSC proteins. GCP2 and GCP3 were concentrated in the centrosomes in interphase glioblastoma cells, but punctate and diffuse localizations were also detected in the cytosol and nuclei/nucleoli. Nucleolar localization was fixation dependent. GCP2 and GCP3 formed complexes with γ-tubulin in the nucleoli as confirmed by reciprocal immunoprecipitation experiments and immunoelectron microscopy. GCP2 and GCP3 depletion caused accumulation of cells in G2/M and mitotic delay but did not affect nucleolar integrity. Overexpression of GCP2 antagonized the inhibitory effect of the CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated tumor suppressor protein 3 (C53) on DNA damage G2/M checkpoint activity. Tumor cell GCP2 and GCP3 immunoreactivity was significantly increased over that in normal brains in glioblastoma samples; it was also associated with microvascular proliferation. These findings suggest that γTuSC protein dysregulation in glioblastomas may be linked to altered transcriptional checkpoint activity or interaction with signaling pathways associated with a malignant phenotype.
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Katsetos CD, Reginato MJ, Baas PW, D'Agostino L, Legido A, Tuszyn Ski JA, Dráberová E, Dráber P. Emerging microtubule targets in glioma therapy. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2015; 22:49-72. [PMID: 25976261 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Major advances in the genomics and epigenomics of diffuse gliomas and glioblastoma to date have not been translated into effective therapy, necessitating pursuit of alternative treatment approaches for these therapeutically challenging tumors. Current knowledge of microtubules in cancer and the development of new microtubule-based treatment strategies for high-grade gliomas are the topic in this review article. Discussed are cellular, molecular, and pharmacologic aspects of the microtubule cytoskeleton underlying mitosis and interactions with other cellular partners involved in cell cycle progression, directional cell migration, and tumor invasion. Special focus is placed on (1) the aberrant overexpression of βIII-tubulin, a survival factor associated with hypoxic tumor microenvironment and dynamic instability of microtubules; (2) the ectopic overexpression of γ-tubulin, which in addition to its conventional role as a microtubule-nucleating protein has recently emerged as a transcription factor interacting with oncogenes and kinases; (3) the microtubule-severing ATPase spastin and its emerging role in cell motility of glioblastoma cells; and (4) the modulating role of posttranslational modifications of tubulin in the context of interaction of microtubules with motor proteins. Specific antineoplastic strategies discussed include downregulation of targeted molecules aimed at achieving a sensitization effect on currently used mainstay therapies. The potential role of new classes of tubulin-binding agents and ATPase inhibitors is also examined. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning the distinct behaviors of microtubules in glioma tumorigenesis and drug resistance is key to the discovery of novel molecular targets that will fundamentally change the prognostic outlook of patients with diffuse high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos D Katsetos
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Section of Neurology and Pediatric Neuro-oncology Program, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter W Baas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Luca D'Agostino
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Section of Neurology and Pediatric Neuro-oncology Program, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Agustin Legido
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Section of Neurology and Pediatric Neuro-oncology Program, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jack A Tuszyn Ski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eduarda Dráberová
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dráber
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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28
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Yoo HM, Park JH, Jeon YJ, Chung CH. Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 acts as a positive regulator of breast cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:36. [PMID: 25852645 PMCID: PMC4367433 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) is a steroid hormone-sensitive transcription factor that plays a critical role in development of breast cancer. The binding of estrogen to ERα triggers the recruitment of transcriptional co-activators as well as chromatin remodeling factors to estrogen-responsive elements (ERE) of ERα target genes. This process is tightly associated with post-translational modifications (PTMs) of ERα and its co-activators for promotion of transcriptional activation, which leads to proliferation of a large subset of breast tumor cells. These PTMs include phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and conjugation by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins. Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1), one of ubiquitin-like proteins, has recently been shown to be ligated to activating signal co-integrator 1 (ASC1), which acts as a transcriptional co-activator of nuclear receptors. Here, we discuss the mechanistic connection between ASC1 modification by UFM1 and ERα transactivation, and highlight how the interplay of these processes is involved in development of breast cancer. We also discuss potential use of UFM1-conjugating system as therapeutic targets against not only breast cancer but also other nuclear receptor-mediated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Min Yoo
- Institute for Protein Metabolism, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Ho Park
- Institute for Protein Metabolism, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Joo Jeon
- Institute for Protein Metabolism, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chin Ha Chung
- Institute for Protein Metabolism, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Chin Ha Chung, Institute for Protein Metabolism, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 56-1 Shillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea e-mail:
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Abstract
PAKs 4, 5 and 6 are members of the group B family of p21-activated kinases. Among this group, PAK4 has been most extensively studied. While it has essential roles in embryonic development, in adults high levels of PAK4 are frequently associated with cancer. PAK4 is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, and the Pak4 gene is amplified in some cancers. PAK4 overexpression is sufficient to cause oncogenic transformation in cells and in mouse models. The tight connection between PAK4 and cancer make it a promising diagnostic tool as well as a potential drug target. The group B PAKs also have important developmental functions. PAK4 is important for many early developmental processes, while PAK5 and PAK6 play roles in learning and memory in mice. This chapter provides an overview of the roles of the group B PAKs in cancer as well as development, and includes a discussion of PAK mediated signaling pathways and cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Minden
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research; Department of Chemical Biology; Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway, NJ USA
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30
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Lu X, Yarbrough WG. Negative regulation of RelA phosphorylation: emerging players and their roles in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 26:7-13. [PMID: 25438737 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB signaling contributes to human disease processes, notably inflammatory diseases and cancer. Many advances have been made in understanding mechanisms responsible for abnormal NF-κB activation with RelA post-translational modification, particularly phosphorylation, proven to be critical for RelA function. While the majority of studies have focused on identifying kinases responsible for NF-κB phosphorylation and pathway activation, recently progress has also been made in understanding the negative regulators important for restraining RelA activity. Here we summarize negative regulators of RelA phosphorylation, their targeting sites in RelA and biological functions through negative regulation of RelA activation. Finally, we emphasize the tumor suppressor-like roles that these negative regulators can assume in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wendell G Yarbrough
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
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31
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An FF, Liu YC, Zhang WW, Liang L. Dihydroartemisinine Enhances Dictamnine-induced Apoptosis via a Caspase Dependent Pathway in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:5895-900. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.5895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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32
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Pozo K, Castro-Rivera E, Tan C, Plattner F, Schwach G, Siegl V, Meyer D, Guo A, Gundara J, Mettlach G, Richer E, Guevara JA, Ning L, Gupta A, Hao G, Tsai LH, Sun X, Antich P, Sidhu S, Robinson BG, Chen H, Nwariaku FE, Pfragner R, Richardson JA, Bibb JA. The role of Cdk5 in neuroendocrine thyroid cancer. Cancer Cell 2013; 24:499-511. [PMID: 24135281 PMCID: PMC3849320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine cancer that originates from calcitonin-secreting parafollicular cells, or C cells. We found that Cdk5 and its cofactors p35 and p25 are highly expressed in human MTC and that Cdk5 activity promotes MTC proliferation. A conditional MTC mouse model was generated and corroborated the role of aberrant Cdk5 activation in MTC. C cell-specific overexpression of p25 caused rapid C cell hyperplasia leading to lethal MTC, which was arrested by repressing p25 overexpression. A comparative phosphoproteomic screen between proliferating and arrested MTC identified the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) as a crucial Cdk5 downstream target. Prevention of Rb phosphorylation at Ser807/Ser811 attenuated MTC proliferation. These findings implicate Cdk5 signaling via Rb as critical to MTC tumorigenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Pozo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Chen T, Chen M, Chen J. Ionizing radiation potentiates dihydroartemisinin-induced apoptosis of A549 cells via a caspase-8-dependent pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59827. [PMID: 23536891 PMCID: PMC3607559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This report is designed to explore the molecular mechanism by which dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and ionizing radiation (IR) induce apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. DHA treatment induced a concentration- and time-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell death with typical apoptotic characteristics such as breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), caspases activation, DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization. Inhibition of caspase-8 or -9 significantly blocked DHA-induced decrease of cell viability and activation of caspase-3, suggesting the dominant roles of caspase-8 and -9 in DHA-induced apoptosis. Silencing of proapoptotic protein Bax but not Bak significantly inhibited DHA-induced apoptosis in which Bax but not Bak was activated. In contrast to DHA treatment, low-dose (2 or 4 Gy) IR induced a long-playing generation of ROS. Interestingly, IR treatment for 24 h induced G2/M cell cycle arrest that disappeared at 36 h after treatment. More importantly, IR synergistically potentiated DHA-induced generation of ROS, activation of caspase-8 and -3, irreparable G2/M arrest and apoptosis, but did not enhance DHA-induced loss of Δψm and activation of caspase-9. Taken together, our results strongly demonstrate the remarkable synergistic efficacy of combination treatment with DHA and low-dose IR for A549 cells in which IR potentiates DHA-induced apoptosis largely by enhancing the caspase-8-mediated extrinsic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Photonics Technology, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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Caspase-mediated cleavage of C53/LZAP protein causes abnormal microtubule bundling and rupture of the nuclear envelope. Cell Res 2013; 23:691-704. [PMID: 23478299 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2013.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic nucleus undergoes distinct morphological and biochemical changes including nuclear shrinkage, chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, which are attributed to caspase-mediated cleavage of several nuclear substrates such as lamins. As most of active caspases reside in the cytoplasm, disruption of the nuclear-cytoplasmic barrier is essential for caspases to reach their nuclear targets. The prevailing proposed mechanism is that the increase in the permeability of nuclear pores induced by caspases allows the caspases and other apoptotic factors to diffuse into the nucleus, thereby resulting in the nuclear destruction. Here, we report a novel observation that physical rupture of the nuclear envelope (NE) occurs in the early stage of apoptosis. We found that the NE rupture was caused by caspase-mediated cleavage of C53/LZAP, a protein that has been implicated in various signaling pathways, including NF-κB signaling and DNA damage response, as well as tumorigenesis and metastasis. We also demonstrated that C53/LZAP bound indirectly to the microtubule (MT), and expression of the C53/LZAP cleavage product caused abnormal MT bundling and NE rupture. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel role of C53/LZAP in the regulation of MT dynamics and NE structure during apoptotic cell death. Our study may provide an additional mechanism for disruption of the nuclear-cytoplasmic barrier during apoptosis.
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Kolb RH, Greer PM, Cao PT, Cowan KH, Yan Y. ERK1/2 signaling plays an important role in topoisomerase II poison-induced G2/M checkpoint activation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50281. [PMID: 23166842 PMCID: PMC3500378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Topo II poisons, which target topoisomerase II (topo II) to generate enzyme mediated DNA damage, have been commonly used for anti-cancer treatment. While clinical evidence demonstrate a capability of topo II poisons in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, accumulating evidence also show that topo II poison treatment frequently results in cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, which was associated with subsequent resistance to these treatments. Results in this report indicate that treatment of MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells with topo II poisons resulted in an increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and an subsequent induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, inhibition of ERK1/2 activation using specific inhibitors markedly attenuated the topo II poison-induced G2/M arrest and diminished the topo II poison-induced activation of ATR and Chk1 kinases. Moreover, decreased expression of ATR by specific shRNA diminished topo II poison-induced G2/M arrest but had no effect on topo II poison-induced ERK1/2 activation. In contrast, inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling had little, if any, effect on topo II poison-induced ATM activation. In addition, ATM inhibition by either incubation of cells with ATM specific inhibitor or transfection of cells with ATM specific siRNA did not block topo II poison-induced G2/M arrest. Ultimately, inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling greatly enhanced topo II poison-induced apoptosis. These results implicate a critical role for ERK1/2 signaling in the activation of G2/M checkpoint response following topo II poison treatment, which protects cells from topo II poison-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H. Kolb
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Patrick M. Greer
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Phu T. Cao
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Kenneth H. Cowan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ying Yan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
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Han M, Wang H, Zhang HT, Han Z. Expression of TIP-1 confers radioresistance of malignant glioma cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45402. [PMID: 23028987 PMCID: PMC3444456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant gliomas represent one group of tumors that poorly respond to ionizing radiation (IR) alone or combined with chemotherapeutic agents because of the intrinsic or acquired resistance. In this study, TIP-1 was identified as one novel protein that confers resistance of glioma cells to IR. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Meta-analysis indicated that high TIP-1 expression levels correlate with the poor prognosis of human malignant gliomas after radiotherapy. Studies with established human glioma cell lines demonstrated that TIP-1 depletion with specific shRNAs sensitized the cells to IR, whereas an ectopic expression of TIP-1 protected the glioma cells from the IR-induced DNA damage and cell death. Biochemical studies indicated that TIP-1 protein promoted p53 ubiquitination and resulted in a reduced p53 protein level. Furthermore, p53 and its ubiquitination are required for the TIP-1 regulated cellular response to IR. A yeast two-hybrid screening identified that TIP-1, through its single PDZ domain, binds to the carboxyl terminus of LZAP that has been studied as one tumor suppressor functioning through ARF binding and p53 activation. It was revealed that the presence of TIP-1 enhances the protein association between LZAP and ARF and modulates the functionality of ARF/HDM2 toward multi-ubiquitination of p53, while depleting TIP-1 rescued p53 from polyubiquitination and degradation in the irradiated glioma cells. Studies with a mouse xenograft model indicated that depleting TIP-1 within D54 cells improved the tumor growth control with IR. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study provided the first evidence showing that TIP-1 modulates p53 protein stability and is involved in the radioresistance of malignant gliomas, suggesting that antagonizing TIP-1 might be one novel approach to sensitize malignant gliomas to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaojun Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hailun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hua-Tang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhaozhong Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mak GWY, Lai WL, Zhou Y, Li M, Ng IOL, Ching YP. CDK5RAP3 is a novel repressor of p14ARF in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42210. [PMID: 22860085 PMCID: PMC3409131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 3 (CDK5RAP3) is a novel activator of PAK4 and processes important pro-metastatic function in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, it remains unclear if there are other mechanisms by which CDK5RAP3 promotes HCC metastasis. Here, we showed that in CDK5RAP3 stable knockdown SMMC-7721 HCC cells, p14(ARF) tumor suppressor was upregulated at protein and mRNA levels, and ectopic expression of CDK5RAP3 was found to repress the transcription of p14(ARF). Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we demonstrated that CDK5RAP3 bound to p14(ARF) promoter in vivo. Furthermore, knockdown of p14(ARF) in CDK5RAP3 stable knockdown HCC cells reversed the suppression of HCC cell invasiveness mediated by knockdown of CDK5RAP3. Taken together, our findings provide the new evidence that overexpression of CDK5RAP3 promotes HCC metastasis via downregulation of p14(ARF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Wing-Yan Mak
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Lung Lai
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingtao Li
- Department of Pharmacology and the Proteomics Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yick-Pang Ching
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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Hořejší B, Vinopal S, Sládková V, Dráberová E, Sulimenko V, Sulimenko T, Vosecká V, Philimonenko A, Hozák P, Katsetos CD, Dráber P. Nuclear γ-tubulin associates with nucleoli and interacts with tumor suppressor protein C53. J Cell Physiol 2011; 227:367-82. [PMID: 21465471 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
γ-Tubulin is assumed to be a typical cytosolic protein necessary for nucleation of microtubules from microtubule organizing centers. Using immunolocalization and cell fractionation techniques in combination with siRNAi and expression of FLAG-tagged constructs, we have obtained evidence that γ-tubulin is also present in nucleoli of mammalian interphase cells of diverse cellular origins. Immunoelectron microscopy has revealed γ-tubulin localization outside fibrillar centers where transcription of ribosomal DNA takes place. γ-Tubulin was associated with nucleolar remnants after nuclear envelope breakdown and could be translocated to nucleoli during mitosis. Pretreatment of cells with leptomycin B did not affect the distribution of nuclear γ-tubulin, making it unlikely that rapid active transport via nuclear pores participates in the transport of γ-tubulin into the nucleus. This finding was confirmed by heterokaryon assay and time-lapse imaging of photoconvertible protein Dendra2 tagged to γ-tubulin. Immunoprecipitation from nuclear extracts combined with mass spectrometry revealed an association of γ-tubulin with tumor suppressor protein C53 located at multiple subcellular compartments including nucleoli. The notion of an interaction between γ-tubulin and C53 was corroborated by pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Overexpression of γ-tubulin antagonized the inhibitory effect of C53 on DNA damage G(2) /M checkpoint activation. The combined results indicate that aside from its known role in microtubule nucleation, γ-tubulin may also have nuclear-specific function(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Hořejší
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
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Zhao JJ, Pan K, Li JJ, Chen YB, Chen JG, Lv L, Wang DD, Pan QZ, Chen MS, Xia JC. Identification of LZAP as a new candidate tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26608. [PMID: 22028922 PMCID: PMC3197520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background LZAP was isolated as a binding protein of the Cdk5 activator p35. LZAP has been highly conserved during evolution and has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor in various cancers. This study aimed to investigate LZAP expression and its prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Meanwhile, the function of LZAP in hepatocarcinogenesis was further investigated in cell culture models and mouse models. Methods Real-time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to explore LZAP expression in HCC cell lines and primary HCC clinical specimens. The functions of LZAP in the proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, migration, invasion and apoptosis of HCC cell lines were also analyzed by infecting cells with an adenovirus containing full-length LZAP. The effect of LZAP on tumorigenicity in nude mice was also investigated. Results LZAP expression was significantly decreased in the tumor tissues and HCC cell lines. Clinicopathological analysis showed that LZAP expression was significantly correlated with tumor size, histopathological classification and serum α-fetoprotein (AFP). The Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed that decreasing LZAP expression was associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. LZAP expression was an independent prognostic marker of overall HCC patient survival in a multivariate analysis. The re-introduction of LZAP expression in the HepG2 and sk-Hep1 HCC cell lines significantly inhibited proliferation and colony formation in the HCC cells and induced G1 phase arrest and apoptosis of the HCC cells in vitro. Restoring LZAP expression in the HCC cell lines also inhibited migration and invasion. In addition, experiments with a mouse model revealed that LZAP overexpression could suppress HCC tumorigenicity in vivo. Conclusions Our data suggest that LZAP may play an important role in HCC progression and could be a potential molecular therapy target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-gao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-zhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-chuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Kraemer N, Issa L, Hauck SCR, Mani S, Ninnemann O, Kaindl AM. What's the hype about CDK5RAP2? Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:1719-36. [PMID: 21327915 PMCID: PMC11115181 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 (CDK5RAP2) has gained attention in the last years following the discovery, in 2005, that recessive mutations cause primary autosomal recessive microcephaly. This disease is seen as an isolated developmental defect of the brain, particularly of the cerebral cortex, and was thus historically also referred to as microcephalia vera. Unraveling the pathomechanisms leading to this human disease is fascinating scientists because it can convey insight into basic mechanisms of physiologic brain development (particularly of cortex formation). It also finds itself in the spotlight because of its implication in trends in mammalian evolution with a massive increase in the size of the cerebral cortex in primates. Here, we provide a timely overview of the current knowledge on the function of CDK5RAP2 and mechanisms that might lead to disease in humans when the function of this protein is disturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kraemer
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lina Issa
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie C. R. Hauck
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shyamala Mani
- Center for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012 India
| | - Olaf Ninnemann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela M. Kaindl
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology and Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Liu D, Wang WD, Melville DB, Cha YI, Yin Z, Issaeva N, Knapik EW, Yarbrough WG. Tumor suppressor Lzap regulates cell cycle progression, doming, and zebrafish epiboly. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:1613-25. [PMID: 21523853 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial stages of embryonic development rely on rapid, synchronized cell divisions of the fertilized egg followed by a set of morphogenetic movements collectively called epiboly and gastrulation. Lzap is a putative tumor suppressor whose expression is lost in 30% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Lzap activities include regulation of cell cycle progression and response to therapeutic agents. Here, we explore developmental roles of the lzap gene during zebrafish morphogenesis. Lzap is highly conserved among vertebrates and is maternally deposited. Expression is initially ubiquitous during gastrulation, and later becomes more prominent in the pharyngeal arches, digestive tract, and brain. Antisense morpholino-mediated depletion of Lzap resulted in delayed cell divisions and apoptosis during blastomere formation, resulting in fewer, larger cells. Cell cycle analysis suggested that Lzap loss in early embryonic cells resulted in a G2/M arrest. Furthermore, the Lzap-deficient embryos failed to initiate epiboly--the earliest morphogenetic movement in animal development--which has been shown to be dependent on cell adhesion and migration of epithelial sheets. Our results strongly implicate Lzap in regulation of cell cycle progression, adhesion and migratory activity of epithelial cell sheets during early development. These functions provide further insight into Lzap activity that may contribute not only to development, but also to tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Lemaire K, Moura RF, Granvik M, Igoillo-Esteve M, Hohmeier HE, Hendrickx N, Newgard CB, Waelkens E, Cnop M, Schuit F. Ubiquitin fold modifier 1 (UFM1) and its target UFBP1 protect pancreatic beta cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18517. [PMID: 21494687 PMCID: PMC3071830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UFM1 is a member of the ubiquitin like protein family. While the enzymatic cascade of UFM1 conjugation has been elucidated in recent years, the biological function remains largely unknown. In this report we demonstrate that the recently identified C20orf116, which we name UFM1-binding protein 1 containing a PCI domain (UFBP1), and CDK5RAP3 interact with UFM1. Components of the UFM1 conjugation pathway (UFM1, UFBP1, UFL1 and CDK5RAP3) are highly expressed in pancreatic islets of Langerhans and some other secretory tissues. Co-localization of UFM1 with UFBP1 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depends on UFBP1. We demonstrate that ER stress, which is common in secretory cells, induces expression of Ufm1, Ufbp1 and Ufl1 in the beta-cell line INS-1E. siRNA-mediated Ufm1 or Ufbp1 knockdown enhances apoptosis upon ER stress. Silencing the E3 enzyme UFL1, results in similar outcomes, suggesting that UFM1-UFBP1 conjugation is required to prevent ER stress-induced apoptosis. Together, our data suggest that UFM1-UFBP1 participate in preventing ER stress-induced apoptosis in protein secretory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleen Lemaire
- Gene Expression Unit, Department Molecular Cell Biology, KatholiekeUniversiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail: (KL); (FS)
| | - Rodrigo F. Moura
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mikaela Granvik
- Gene Expression Unit, Department Molecular Cell Biology, KatholiekeUniversiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mariana Igoillo-Esteve
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hans E. Hohmeier
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nico Hendrickx
- Gene Expression Unit, Department Molecular Cell Biology, KatholiekeUniversiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christopher B. Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Etienne Waelkens
- Prometa, Department Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Miriam Cnop
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frans Schuit
- Gene Expression Unit, Department Molecular Cell Biology, KatholiekeUniversiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail: (KL); (FS)
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Mak GWY, Chan MML, Leong VYL, Lee JMF, Yau TO, Ng IOL, Ching YP. Overexpression of a novel activator of PAK4, the CDK5 kinase-associated protein CDK5RAP3, promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Cancer Res 2011; 71:2949-58. [PMID: 21385901 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-4046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The CDK5 kinase regulatory subunit-associated protein 3 (CDK5RAP3 or C53/LZAP) regulates apoptosis induced by genotoxic stress. Although CDK5RAP3 has been implicated in cancer progression, its exact role in carcinogenesis is not well established. In this article, we report that CDK5RAP3 has an important prometastatic function in hepatocarcinogenesis. An examination of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples revealed at least twofold overexpression of CDK5RAP3 transcripts in 58% (39/67) of HCC specimens when compared with corresponding nontumorous livers. CDK5RAP3 overexpression was associated with more aggressive biological behavior. In HCC cell lines, stable overexpression of CDK5RAP3 promoted, and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown inhibited, tumorigenic activity and metastatic potential. We found that overexpression of CDK5RAP3 and p21-activated protein kinase 4 (PAK4) correlated in human HCCs, and that CDK5RAP3 was a novel binding partner of PAK4, and this binding enhanced PAK4 activity. siRNA-mediated knockdown of PAK4 in CDK5RAP3-expressing HCC cells reversed the enhanced cell invasiveness mediated by CDK5RAP3 overexpression, implying that PAK4 is essential for CDK5RAP3 function. Taken together, our findings reveal that CDK5RAP3 is widely overexpressed in HCC and that overexpression of CDK5RAP3 promotes HCC metastasis through PAK4 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Wing-Yan Mak
- Departments of Anatomy and Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, and State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Chen J, Shi Y, Li Z, Yu H, Han Y, Wang X, Sun K, Yang T, Lou K, Song Y, Zhang Y, Zhen Y, Zhang G, Hu Y, Ji J, Hui R. A functional variant of IC53 correlates with the late onset of colorectal cancer. Mol Med 2011; 17:607-18. [PMID: 21394385 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The IC53 gene was reported to be upregulated in the colon adenocarcinoma cell line SW480. Here, we show that the expression level of IC53 is positively correlated with the grade and depth of invasion in adenocarcinoma of the colon. Injection of IC53 stably transfected HCT-116 cells into athymic nude mice promoted tumor growth. Furthermore, overexpression of IC53 increased cell invasive growth, which could be dramatically prevented by knocking down IC53 with siRNA. The effects of IC53 on cell-invasive growth were mediated by upregulation of integrins, activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phosphorylation of Akt. A single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2737 in the IC53 gene created a potential microRNA379 target site, and microRNA379 expression inhibited IC53 translation. Among 222 patients with colorectal cancer, the C/C rs2737 genotype was associated with late onset of colorectal cancer (median age 63.0 versus 55.3 years, P = 0.003). The frequency of the C/C rs2737 genotype was much lower in patients who developed colorectal cancer below the age of 45 years than in individuals over age 45 years (10.8% versus 26.6%, P = 0.039). These data indicated that IC53 is a positive mediator for colon cancer progression, and IC53-rs2737 may serve as protection from the onset of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Chen
- Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Ministry of Education, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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An H, Lu X, Liu D, Yarbrough WG. LZAP inhibits p38 MAPK (p38) phosphorylation and activity by facilitating p38 association with the wild-type p53 induced phosphatase 1 (WIP1). PLoS One 2011; 6:e16427. [PMID: 21283629 PMCID: PMC3026010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
LZAP (Cdk5rap3, C53) is a putative tumor suppressor that inhibits RelA, Chk1 and Chk2 and activates p53. LZAP is lost in a portion of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and experimental loss of LZAP expression is associated with enhanced invasion, xenograft tumor growth and angiogenesis. p38 MAPK can increase or decrease proliferation and cell death depending on cellular context. LZAP has no known enzymatic activity, implying that its biological functions are likely mediated by its protein-protein interactions. To gain further insight into LZAP activities, we searched for LZAP-associated proteins (LAPs). Here we show that the LZAP binds p38, alters p38 cellular localization, and inhibits basal and cytokine-stimulated p38 activity. Expression of LZAP inhibits p38 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent fashion while loss of LZAP enhances phosphorylation and activation with resultant phosphorylation of p38 downstream targets. Mechanistically, the ability of LZAP to alter p38 phosphorylation depended, at least partially, on the p38 phosphatase, Wip1. Expression of LZAP increased both LZAP and Wip1 binding to p38. Taken together, these data suggest that LZAP activity includes inhibition of p38 phosphorylation and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing An
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Barry Baker Laboratory for Head and Neck Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Xinyuan Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Barry Baker Laboratory for Head and Neck Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Barry Baker Laboratory for Head and Neck Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Wendell G. Yarbrough
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Barry Baker Laboratory for Head and Neck Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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46
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Osman IF, Baumgartner A, Cemeli E, Fletcher JN, Anderson D. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide in HEp-2 cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:1193-203. [PMID: 21039197 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The rapidly growing industrial and medical use of nanomaterials, especially zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, has led to growing concerns about their toxicity. Accordingly, the intrinsic genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of these nanoparticles have been evaluated. Materials & methods: Using a HEp-2 cell line, cytotoxicity was tested along with mitochondrial activity and neutral red uptake assays. The genotoxic potential was determined using the Comet and the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assays. In addition, tyrosine phosphorylation events were investigated. Results & conclusion: We found concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity and an increase in DNA and cytogenetic damage with increasing nanoparticle concentrations. Mainly for zinc oxide, genotoxicity was clearly associated with an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation. Our results suggest that both types of nanoparticles can be genotoxic over a range of concentrations without being cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham F Osman
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Adolf Baumgartner
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Eduardo Cemeli
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Jonathan N Fletcher
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK
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Suppression of the novel ER protein Maxer by mutant ataxin-1 in Bergman glia contributes to non-cell-autonomous toxicity. EMBO J 2010; 29:2446-60. [PMID: 20531390 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-cell-autonomous effect of mutant proteins expressed in glia has been implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders, whereas molecules mediating the toxicity are currently not known. We identified a novel molecule named multiple alpha-helix protein located at ER (Maxer) downregulated by mutant ataxin-1 (Atx1) in Bergmann glia. Maxer is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein interacting with CDK5RAP3. Maxer anchors CDK5RAP3 to the ER and inhibits its function of Cyclin D1 transcription repression in the nucleus. The loss of Maxer eventually induces cell accumulation at G1 phase. It was also shown that mutant Atx1 represses Maxer and inhibits proliferation of Bergmann glia in vitro. Consistently, Bergmann glia are reduced in the cerebellum of mutant Atx1 knockin mice before onset. Glutamate-aspartate transporter reduction in Bergmann glia by mutant Atx1 and vulnerability of Purkinje cell to glutamate are both strengthened by Maxer knockdown in Bergmann glia, whereas Maxer overexpression rescues them. Collectively, these results suggest that the reduction of Maxer mediates functional deficiency of Bergmann glia, and might contribute to the non-cell-autonomous pathology of SCA1.
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48
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Wu J, Lei G, Mei M, Tang Y, Li H. A novel C53/LZAP-interacting protein regulates stability of C53/LZAP and DDRGK domain-containing Protein 1 (DDRGK1) and modulates NF-kappaB signaling. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:15126-15136. [PMID: 20228063 PMCID: PMC2865345 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.110619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C53/LZAP (also named as Cdk5rap3) is a putative tumor suppressor that plays important roles in multiple cell signaling pathways, including DNA damage response and NF-kappaB signaling. Yet how its function is regulated remains largely unclear. Here we report the isolation and characterization of two novel C53/LZAP-interacting proteins, RCAD (Regulator of C53/LZAP and DDRGK1) and DDRGK1 (DDRGK domain-containing protein 1). Our co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed their interactions, while gel filtration assay indicated that C53/LZAP and RCAD may form a large protein complex. Intriguingly, we found that RCAD knockdown led to dramatic reduction of C53/LZAP and DDRGK1 proteins. We also found that C53/LZAP and DDRGK1 became more susceptible to the proteasome-mediated degradation in RCAD knockdown cells, whereas their ubiquitination was significantly attenuated by RCAD overexpression. In addition, we found that RCAD, like C53/LZAP, also plays an important role in regulation of NF-kappaB signaling and cell invasion. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that RCAD is a novel regulator of C53/LZAP tumor suppressor and NF-kappaB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Wu
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614
| | - Guohua Lei
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614
| | - Mei Mei
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614
| | - Yi Tang
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614
| | - Honglin Li
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614.
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Kwon J, Cho HJ, Han SH, No JG, Kwon JY, Kim H. A novel LZAP-binding protein, NLBP, inhibits cell invasion. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:12232-40. [PMID: 20164180 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.065920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
LXXLL/leucine zipper-containing alternative reading frame (ARF)-binding protein (LZAP) was recently shown to function as a tumor suppressor through inhibition of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. LZAP is also known as a negative regulator of cell invasion, and its expression was demonstrated to be reduced in several tumor tissues. However, the molecular mechanism of the negative effect of LZAP on cell invasion is unclear. In this study, we identify NLBP as a novel LZAP-binding protein using tandem affinity purification. We demonstrate the negative effects of NLBP on cell invasion and the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. NLBP expression was not detected in hepatocellular carcinoma cells with strong invasive activity, whereas its expression was detected in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with no invasive activity. We also demonstrate that these two proteins mutually affect the stability of each other by inhibiting ubiquitination of the other protein. Based on these results, we suggest that NLBP may act as a novel tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell invasion, blocking NF-kappaB signaling, and increasing stability of the LZAP protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhye Kwon
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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50
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Zhuo ML, Huang Y, Chen JZ, Sun LH, Yang RF, Chen HZ, Lv X, Li HL, Wei YS, Liu G, Zhang R, Ma TM, Cai H, Hui RT, Liu DP, Liang CC. Endothelium-specific overexpression of human IC53 downregulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and elevates systolic blood pressure in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 84:292-9. [PMID: 19541669 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial cells (ECs) exert important functions in the regulation of blood pressure. A novel gene, IC53, as an isoform of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-binding protein gene C53, is mainly expressed in vascular ECs and is upregulated in the failing heart of rats. Overexpression of IC53 promotes proliferation of ECs. To examine whether IC53 plays a role in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure, we constructed a transgenic (tg) mouse model of the IC53 gene and studied its phenotypes relevant to vascular function. METHODS AND RESULTS IC53 cDNA was cloned from a human aorta cDNA library. Using the endothelium-specific VE-cadherin promoter, we constructed tg mice in which IC53 was specifically overexpressed in vascular endothelia and found that the tg mice exhibit elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) in contrast to the wild-type (wt) controls. Further studies revealed impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, reduced nitric oxide (NO) production and decreased endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression, and activity in the tg mice. Inhibition of IC53 in human umbilical vein ECs induces upregulation of eNOS activity. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that IC53 participates in the regulation of vascular homeostasis. Endothelium-specific overexpression of IC53 is associated with elevated SBP, which may be in part attributed to the downregulation of eNOS signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lei Zhuo
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, PR China
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