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Guggemos J, Fuller SJ, Skarratt KK, Mayer B, Schneider EM. Loss-of-function/gain-of-function polymorphisms of the ATP sensitive P2X7R influence sepsis, septic shock, pneumonia, and survival outcomes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352789. [PMID: 38966639 PMCID: PMC11222724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracellular ATP (eATP) released from damaged cells activates the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) ion channel on the surface of surrounding cells, resulting in calcium influx, potassium efflux and inflammasome activation. Inherited changes in the P2X7R gene (P2RX7) influence eATP induced responses. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of P2RX7 influence both function and signaling of the receptor, that in addition to ion flux includes pathogen control and immunity. Methods Subjects (n = 105) were admitted to the ICU at the University Hospital Ulm, Germany between June 2018 and August 2019. Of these, subjects with a diagnosis of sepsis (n = 75), were also diagnosed with septic shock (n = 24), and/or pneumonia (n = 42). Subjects with pneumonia (n = 43) included those without sepsis (n = 1), sepsis without shock (n = 29) and pneumonia with septic shock (n = 13). Out of the 75 sepsis/septic shock patients, 33 patients were not diagnosed with pneumonia. Controls (n = 30) were recruited to the study from trauma patients and surgical patients without sepsis, septic shock, or pneumonia. SNP frequencies were determined for 16 P2RX7 SNPs known to affect P2X7R function, and association studies were performed between frequencies of these SNPs in sepsis, septic shock, and pneumonia compared to controls. Results The loss-of-function (LOF) SNP rs17525809 (T253C) was found more frequently in patients with septic shock, and non-septic trauma patients when compared to sepsis. The LOF SNP rs2230911 (C1096G) was found to be more frequent in patients with sepsis and septic shock than in non-septic trauma patients. The frequencies of these SNPs were even higher in sepsis and septic patients with pneumonia. The current study also confirmed a previous study by our group that showed a five SNP combination that included the GOF SNPs rs208294 (C489T) and rs2230912 (Q460R) that was designated #21211 was associated with increased odds of survival in severe sepsis. Discussion The results found an association between expression of LOF P2RX7 SNPs and presentation to the ICU with sepsis, and septic shock compared to control ICU patients. Furthermore, frequencies of LOF SNPs were found to be higher in sepsis patients with pneumonia compared to those without pneumonia. In addition, a five SNP GOF combination was associated with increased odds of survival in severe sepsis. These results suggest that P2RX7 is required to control infection in pneumonia and that inheritance of LOF variants increases the risk of sepsis when associated with pneumonia. This study confirms that P2RX7 genotyping in pneumonia may identify patients at risk of developing sepsis. The study also identifies P2X7R as a target in sepsis associated with an excessive immune response in subjects with GOF SNP combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Guggemos
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephen J. Fuller
- Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Kingswood, NSW, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristen K. Skarratt
- Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Kingswood, NSW, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - E. Marion Schneider
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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Zou YT, Li JY, Chai JY, Hu YS, Zhang WJ, Zhang Q. The impact of the P2X7 receptor on the tumor immune microenvironment and its effects on tumor progression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 707:149513. [PMID: 38508051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global health concern, and finding effective methods to treat it has been a focus of scientific research. It has been discovered that the growth, invasion, and metastasis of tumors are closely related to the environment in which they exist, known as the tumor microenvironment (TME). The immune response interacting with the tumor occurring within the TME constitutes the tumor immune microenvironment, and the immune response can lead to anti-tumor and pro-tumor outcomes and has shown tremendous potential in immunotherapy. A channel called the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has been identified within the TME. It is an ion channel present in various immune cells and tumor cells, and its activation can lead to inflammation, immune responses, angiogenesis, immunogenic cell death, and promotion of tumor development. This article provides an overview of the structure, function, and pharmacological characteristics of P2X7R. We described the concept and components of tumor immune microenvironment and the influence immune components has on tumors. We also outlined the impact of P2X7R regulation and how it affects the development of tumors and summarized the effects of drugs targeting P2X7R on tumor progression, both past and current, assisting researchers in treating tumors using P2X7R as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Jun-Yi Chai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Yu-Shan Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China.
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
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Zorina-Lichtenwalter K, Ase AR, Verma V, Parra AIM, Komarova S, Khadra A, Séguéla P, Diatchenko L. Characterization of Common Genetic Variants in P2RX7 and Their Contribution to Chronic Pain Conditions. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:545-556. [PMID: 37742908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-gated channel P2X7 is encoded by a gene enriched for common nonsynonymous variants. Many of these variants have functional cellular effects, and some have been implicated in chronic pain. In this study, we first systematically characterized all 17 common nonsynonymous variants using whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology. Then, we analyzed these variants for statistical association with chronic pain phenotypes using both individual P2RX7 variants as predictors and cumulative allele counts of same-direction cellular effect in univariate models. Association and validation analyses were conducted in the Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment (OPPERA) cohort (N = 3260) and in the Complex Persistent Pain Conditions (CPPC) cohort (N = 900), respectively. Our results showed an association between allele A of rs7958311 and an increased risk of chronic pelvic pain, with convergent evidence for contribution to fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome, confirmed in a meta-analysis. This allelic variant produced a unique cellular phenotype: a gain-of-function in channel opening, and a loss-of-function in pore opening. A computational study using a 12-state Markov model of ATP binding to the P2X7 receptor suggested that this cellular phenotype arises from an increased ATP binding affinity and an increased open channel conductance combined with a loss of sensitization. Cumulative allele count analysis did not provide additional insights. In conclusion, our results go beyond reproducing association for rs7958311 with chronic pain and suggest that its unique combination of gain-of-function in channel and loss-of-function in pore activity may explain why it is likely the only common P2RX7 variant with contribution to chronic pain. PERSPECTIVE: This study characterizes all common P2RX7 variants using cellular assays and statistical association analyses with chronic pain, with Markov state modeling of the most robustly associated variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Zorina-Lichtenwalter
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ariel R Ase
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute/Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vivek Verma
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arturo I M Parra
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Svetlana Komarova
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anmar Khadra
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Séguéla
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute/Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Sharafeldin N, Zhou L, Singh P, Crossman DK, Wang X, Hageman L, Landier W, Blanco JG, Burridge PW, Sapkota Y, Yasui Y, Armstrong GT, Robison LL, Hudson MM, Oeffinger K, Chow EJ, Armenian SH, Weisdorf DJ, Bhatia S. Gene-Level Analysis of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Cancer Survivors: A Report From COG-ALTE03N1, BMTSS, and CCSS. JACC CardioOncol 2023; 5:807-818. [PMID: 38205005 PMCID: PMC10774788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anthracyclines are highly effective in treating cancer, albeit with increased cardiomyopathy risk. Although risk is attributed to associations with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), multiple SNPs on a gene and their interactions remain unexamined. Objectives This study examined gene-level associations with cardiomyopathy among cancer survivors using whole-exome sequencing data. Methods For discovery, 278 childhood cancer survivors (129 cases; 149 matched control subjects) from the COG (Children's Oncology Group) study ALTE03N1 were included. Logic regression (machine learning) was used to identify gene-level SNP combinations for 7,212 genes and ordinal logistic regression to estimate gene-level associations with cardiomyopathy. Models were adjusted for primary cancer, age at cancer diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, cumulative anthracycline dose, chest radiation, cardiovascular risk factors, and 3 principal components. Statistical significance threshold of 6.93 × 10-6 accounted for multiple testing. Three independent cancer survivor populations (COG study, BMTSS [Blood or Marrow Transplant Survivor Study] and CCSS [Childhood Cancer Survivor Study]) were used to replicate gene-level associations and examine SNP-level associations from discovery genes using ordinal logistic, conditional logistic, and Cox regression models, respectively. Results Median age at cancer diagnosis for discovery cases and control subjects was 6 years and 8 years, respectively. Gene-level association for P2RX7 (OR: 0.10; 95% CI: 0.04-0.27; P = 2.19 × 10-6) was successfully replicated (HR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.47-0.90; P = 0.009) in the CCSS cohort. Additional signals were identified on TNIK, LRRK2, MEFV, NOBOX, and FBN3. Individual SNPs across all discovery genes, except FBN3, were replicated. Conclusions In our study, SNP sets having 1 or no copies of P2RX7 variant alleles were associated with reduced risk of cardiomyopathy, presenting a potential therapeutic target to mitigate cardiac outcomes in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Sharafeldin
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Liting Zhou
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Purnima Singh
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Xuexia Wang
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Lindsey Hageman
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Wendy Landier
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Javier G. Blanco
- The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Paul W. Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yadav Sapkota
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric J. Chow
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Saro H. Armenian
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Daniel J. Weisdorf
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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From lead to clinic: A review of the structural design of P2X7R antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115234. [PMID: 36893624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
P2X7R, which is a member of the purinergic P2 receptor family, is widely expressed in many immune cells, such as macrophages, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. P2X7R is upregulated in response to proinflammatory stimulation, which is closely related to a variety of inflammatory diseases. The inhibition of P2X7 receptors has resulted in the elimination or reduction of symptoms in animal models of arthritis, depression, neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the development of P2X7R antagonists is of great significance for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. This review classifies the reported P2X7R antagonists according to their different cores, focuses on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the compounds, and analyzes some common substituents and strategies in the design of lead compounds, with the hope of providing valuable information for the development of new and efficient P2X7R antagonists.
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Huang H, He YM, Lin MM, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liang L, He X. P2X7Rs: new therapeutic targets for osteoporosis. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:207-219. [PMID: 35106736 PMCID: PMC9984661 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that both the occurrence and progression of osteoporosis are associated with inflammation, especially in primary osteoporosis. The maintenance of skeletal homeostasis is dependent on the complex regulation of bone metabolism. Numerous evidence suggested that purinoceptor networks are essential for bone homeostasis. In this review, the relationship between inflammation and the development of osteoporosis and the role of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in regulating the dynamic regulation of bone reconstruction were covered. We also discussed how P2X7R regulates the balance between resorption and bone formation by osteoblasts and reviewed the relevance of P2X7R polymorphisms in skeletal physiology. Finally, we analyzed potential targets of P2X7R for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyun Huang
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yu-Mei He
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Miao-Miao Lin
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xueling He
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Guerini FR, Agliardi C, Bolognesi E, Zanzottera M, Caputo D, Pasanisi MB, Rovaris M, Clerici M. Two Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Purinergic Receptor P2X7 Gene Are Associated with Disease Severity in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315381. [PMID: 36499708 PMCID: PMC9736555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to progressive physical disability. Recent evidence has suggested that P2X7 receptor (P2X7R)-mediated purinergic signalling pathways play a role in MS-associated neuroinflammation, possibly contributing to disease pathogenesis. To evaluate possible associations between P2X7R polymorphisms and MS disease severity, we performed an association study of five non-synonymous SNPs coding variants of the P2X7R gene: rs1718119 Ala348Thr, rs2230911 Thr357Ser, rs2230912 Gln460Arg, rs3751143 Glu496Ala, and rs28360457 Arg307Gln, modulating P2X7R expression in 128 MS patients (relapsing remitting MS, RRMS: n = 94; secondary progressive, SPMS: n = 34). All patients were genotyped, and multiple sclerosis severity score (MSSS) was evaluated in every case; 189 healthy subjects were enrolled as well as controls. Results showed that P2X7R rs1718119(A) 348Thr and rs22390912(G) 464Arg, two SNPs of minor allele frequency (MAF) known to confer gain of function to the P2X7R protein, were associated with significantly higher MSSS in RRMS patients alone (SMRR (p < 0.001, p = 0.01, respectively)). Interestingly, two whole haplotypes resulted in having significant association with MSSS in these same patients. Thus: (1) the P2X7R-4 “ACGAG” haplotype, characterized by the co-presence of the rs1718119-rs2230912 AG MAF alleles, was associated with higher MSSS (Beta: 1.11 p = 0.04), and (2) the P2X7R-1 “GCAAG” complementary haplotype, which contains the rs1718119 and rs2230912 GA wild-type alleles, was more frequently carried by patients with lower MSSS and less severe disease (Beta: −1.54 p < 0.001). Although being preliminary and needing confirmation in an ampler cohort, these results suggest that 348Thr and 464Arg variants have a role as modulators of disease severity in RRMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Agliardi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0240308342; Fax: +39-0240308438
| | | | | | - Domenico Caputo
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Rovaris
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy
- Pathophysiology and Transplantation Department, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Gómez-Pinedo U, Torre-Fuentes L, Matías-Guiu JA, Pytel V, Ojeda-Hernández DD, Selma-Calvo B, Montero-Escribano P, Vidorreta-Ballesteros L, Matías-Guiu J. Exonic variants of the P2RX7 gene in familial multiple sclerosis. Neurologia 2022:S2173-5808(22)00189-4. [PMID: 36470550 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have analysed the presence of P2RX7 variants in patients with MS, reporting diverging results. METHODS Our study analyses P2RX7 variants detected through whole-exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS We analysed P2RX7, P2RX4, and CAMKK2 gene variants detected by whole-exome sequencing in all living members (n = 127) of 21 families including at least 2 individuals with multiple sclerosis. P2RX7 gene polymorphisms previously associated with autoimmune disease. Although no differences were observed between individuals with and without multiple sclerosis, we found greater polymorphism of gain-of-function variants of P2RX7 in families with individuals with multiple sclerosis than in the general population. Copresence of gain-of-function and loss-of-function variants was not observed to reduce the risk of presenting the disease. Three families displayed heterozygous gain-of-function SNPs in patients with multiple sclerosis but not in healthy individuals. We were unable to determine the impact of copresence of P2RX4 and CAMKK2 variants with P2RX7 variants, or the potential effect of the different haplotypes described in the gene. No clinical correlations with other autoimmune diseases were observed in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that the disease is polygenic and point to a previously unknown mechanism of genetic predisposition to familial forms of multiple sclerosis. P2RX7 gene activity can be modified, which suggests the possibility of preventive pharmacological treatments for families including patients with familial multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Gómez-Pinedo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Torre-Fuentes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Pytel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - D D Ojeda-Hernández
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Selma-Calvo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Montero-Escribano
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Vidorreta-Ballesteros
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Matías-Guiu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Schäfer W, Stähler T, Pinto Espinoza C, Danquah W, Knop JH, Rissiek B, Haag F, Koch-Nolte F. Origin, distribution, and function of three frequent coding polymorphisms in the gene for the human P2X7 ion channel. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1033135. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1033135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X7, an ion channel gated by extracellular ATP, is widely expressed on the plasma membrane of immune cells and plays important roles in inflammation and apoptosis. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified in the human P2RX7 gene. In contrast to other members of the P2X family, non-synonymous polymorphisms in P2X7 are common. Three of these occur at overall frequencies of more than 25% and affect residues in the extracellular “head”-domain of P2X7 (155 Y/H), its “lower body” (270 R/H), and its “tail” in the second transmembrane domain (348 T/A). Comparison of the P2X7 orthologues of human and other great apes indicates that the ancestral allele is Y—R—T (at 155–270–348). Interestingly, each single amino acid variant displays lower ATP-sensitivity than the ancestral allele. The originally published reference sequence of human P2X7, often referred to as “wildtype,” differs from the ancestral allele at all three positions, i.e. H—H—A. The 1,000 Genome Project determined the sequences of both alleles of 2,500 human individuals, including roughly 500 persons from each of the five major continental regions. This rich resource shows that the ancestral alleles Y155, R270, and T348 occur in all analyzed human populations, albeit at strikingly different frequencies in various subpopulations (e.g., 25%–59% for Y155, 59%–77% for R270, and 13%–47% for T348). BLAST analyses of ancient human genome sequences uncovered several homozygous carriers of variant P2X7 alleles, possibly reflecting a high degree of inbreeding, e.g., H—R—T for a 50.000 year old Neanderthal, H—R—A for a 24.000 year old Siberian, and Y—R—A for a 7,000 year old mesolithic European. In contrast, most present-day individuals co-express two copies of P2X7 that differ in one or more amino acids at positions 155, 270, and 348. Our results improve the understanding of how P2X7 structure affects its function and suggest the importance of considering P2X7 variants of participants when designing clinical trials targeting P2X7.
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Alberto AVP, Ferreira NCDS, Bonavita AGC, Nihei OK, de Farias FP, Bisaggio RDC, de Albuquerque C, Savino W, Coutinho‐Silva R, Persechini PM, Alves LA. Physiologic roles of P2 receptors in leukocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:983-1012. [PMID: 35837975 PMCID: PMC9796137 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ru0421-226rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in the 1970s, purinergic receptors have been shown to play key roles in a wide variety of biologic systems and cell types. In the immune system, purinergic receptors participate in innate immunity and in the modulation of the adaptive immune response. In particular, P2 receptors, which respond to extracellular nucleotides, are widely expressed on leukocytes, causing the release of cytokines and chemokines and the formation of inflammatory mediators, and inducing phagocytosis, degranulation, and cell death. The activity of these receptors is regulated by ectonucleotidases-expressed in these same cell types-which regulate the availability of nucleotides in the extracellular environment. In this article, we review the characteristics of the main purinergic receptor subtypes present in the immune system, focusing on the P2 family. In addition, we describe the physiologic roles of the P2 receptors already identified in leukocytes and how they can positively or negatively modulate the development of infectious diseases, inflammation, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anael Viana Pinto Alberto
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz InstituteOswaldo Cruz FoundationRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
| | | | | | - Oscar Kenji Nihei
- Center of Education and LetterState University of the West of ParanáFoz do IguaçuPRBrazil
| | | | - Rodrigo da Cunha Bisaggio
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz InstituteOswaldo Cruz FoundationRio de JaneiroRJBrazil,Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
| | | | - Wilson Savino
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz InstituteOswaldo Cruz FoundationRio de JaneiroRJBrazil,Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on NeuroimmunomodulationRio de Janeiro Research Network on NeuroinflammationRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
| | - Robson Coutinho‐Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics InstituteFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
| | - Pedro Muanis Persechini
- Laboratory of Immunobiophysics, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics InstituteFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
| | - Luiz Anastacio Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz InstituteOswaldo Cruz FoundationRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
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11
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Genetzakis E, Gilchrist J, Kassiou M, Figtree GA. Development and clinical translation of P2X7 receptor antagonists: A potential therapeutic target in coronary artery disease? Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Li Y, Huang X, Fowler C, Lim YY, Laws SM, Faux N, Doecke JD, Trounson B, Pertile K, Rumble R, Doré V, Villemagne VL, Rowe CC, Wiley JS, Maruff P, Masters CL, Gu BJ. Identification of Leukocyte Surface P2X7 as a Biomarker Associated with Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147867. [PMID: 35887215 PMCID: PMC9322488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has shown altered immune responses in the periphery. We studied P2X7 (a proinflammatory receptor and a scavenger receptor) and two integrins, CD11b and CD11c, on the surface of circulating leukocytes and analysed their associations with Aβ-PET, brain atrophy, neuropsychological assessments, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. Total 287 age-matched, sex-balanced participants were recruited in a discovery cohort and two validation cohorts through the AIBL study and studied using tri-colour flow cytometry. Our results demonstrated reduced expressions of P2X7, CD11b, and CD11c on leukocytes, particularly monocytes, in Aβ +ve cases compared with Aβ -ve controls. P2X7 and integrin downregulation was observed at pre-clinical stage of AD and stayed low throughout disease course. We further constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) model based on 12 P2RX7 risk alleles to assess the genetic impact on P2X7 function in AIBL and ADNI cohorts. No significant association was identified between the P2RX7 gene and AD, indicating that P2X7 downregulation in AD is likely caused by environmental changes rather than genetic factors. In conclusion, the downregulation of P2X7 and integrins at pre-clinical stage of AD indicates altered pro-inflammatory responses, phagocytic functions, and migrating capabilities of circulating monocytes in early AD pathogenesis. Our study not only improves our understanding of peripheral immune involvement in early stage of AD but also provides more insights into novel biomarker development, diagnosis, and prognosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Li
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Y.L.); (X.H.); (C.F.); (B.T.); (K.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Xin Huang
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Y.L.); (X.H.); (C.F.); (B.T.); (K.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Christopher Fowler
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Y.L.); (X.H.); (C.F.); (B.T.); (K.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Yen Y. Lim
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (Y.Y.L.); (V.D.)
| | - Simon M. Laws
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia;
| | - Noel Faux
- Melbourne Data Analytics Platform, Petascale Campus Initiative, The University of Melbourne, 21 Bedford St., North Melbourne, VIC 3051, Australia;
| | - James D. Doecke
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia;
| | - Brett Trounson
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Y.L.); (X.H.); (C.F.); (B.T.); (K.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Kelly Pertile
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Y.L.); (X.H.); (C.F.); (B.T.); (K.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Rebecca Rumble
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Y.L.); (X.H.); (C.F.); (B.T.); (K.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Vincent Doré
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (Y.Y.L.); (V.D.)
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia; (V.L.V.); (C.C.R.)
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Victor L. Villemagne
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia; (V.L.V.); (C.C.R.)
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Christopher C. Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia; (V.L.V.); (C.C.R.)
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - James S. Wiley
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Y.L.); (X.H.); (C.F.); (B.T.); (K.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Paul Maruff
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Y.L.); (X.H.); (C.F.); (B.T.); (K.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.); (C.L.M.)
- CogState Ltd., Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Y.L.); (X.H.); (C.F.); (B.T.); (K.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Ben J. Gu
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Y.L.); (X.H.); (C.F.); (B.T.); (K.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.); (C.L.M.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9035-6317
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Elhage A, Turner RJ, Cuthbertson P, Watson D, Sluyter R. Preparation of the Murine Anti-Human P2X7 Receptor Monoclonal Antibody (Clone L4). METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2510:77-98. [PMID: 35776321 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2384-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The murine anti-human P2X7 receptor monoclonal antibody (mAb) (clone L4) has been used to study the expression and function of the P2X7 receptor on primary leukocytes, keratinocytes, osteoblasts and neuronal cells, as well as various cell lines. This antibody has also been used to characterize polymorphic variants and isoforms of the P2RX7 gene and P2X7 site-directed mutations, and to identify molecules coassociated with P2X7 in the plasma membrane. This chapter describes the maintenance and cryopreservation of the L4 hybridoma cell line, as well as the generation of tissue culture supernatant containing the anti-human P2X7 mAb, and its subsequent purification by Protein A chromatography and conjugation to DyLight™ 488. Moreover, this chapter describes flow cytometric assays to assess the blocking activity and binding of the anti-human P2X7 mAb against P2X7 on human RPMI 8226 multiple myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Elhage
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ross J Turner
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Cuthbertson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Debbie Watson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald Sluyter
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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14
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Shafiek H, Shabana A, El-Seedy A, Khalil Y. P2X7 1513A/C loss-of-function polymorphism and active tuberculosis disease in a cohort of Egyptian population: a pilot study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is a multifactorial disease, and increasing evidence shows that genetic variants in regulating genes of immune response confer susceptibility to active TB at the individual level. We aimed to identify the contribution of P2X7 receptor 1513A/C genetic polymorphisms to different clinical forms of active tuberculosis in a cohort of Egyptian population.
Methods
A case–control study that enrolled 25 newly diagnosed pulmonary TB (PTB) patients by positive sputum for AFB or positive culture, 25 extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) diagnosed by pathological/bacteriological/immunological studies and 25 healthy controls. A blood sample was taken before starting of therapy for P2X7 1513A/C polymorphism genotyping using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Results
Fifty-two percent of the participants were in the third decade with equal gender distribution. P2X7 receptor 1513AA (homozygote wild), AC (heterozygote) and CC (homozygote mutant) genotypes were identified. AC and CC genotypes distribution were significantly more frequent in the active TB cases (either PTB or EPTB) rather than controls (p < 0.05). Further, P2X7 1513A/C genotypes’ distribution did not associate with old TB or gender (p > 0.05), but significantly associated with history of smoking (x2 trend analysis p = 0.036).
Conclusions
There is positive association between P2X7 receptor 1513A/C polymorphism and active tuberculosis in the Egyptians.
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15
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P2X7 receptor in multifaceted cellular signalling and its relevance as a potential therapeutic target in different diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174235. [PMID: 34097884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
P2X7 receptor, a purinergic receptor family member, is abundantly expressed on many cells, including immune, muscle, bone, neuron, and glia. It acts as an ATP-activated cation channel that permits the influx of Ca2+, Na+ and efflux of K+ ions. The P2X7 receptor plays crucial roles in many physiological processes including cytokine and chemokine secretion, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, cellular growth and differentiation, locomotion, wound healing, transcription factors activation, cell death and T-lymphocyte survival. Past studies have demonstrated the up-regulation and direct association of this receptor in many pathophysiological conditions such as cancer, diabetics, arthritis, tuberculosis (TB) and inflammatory diseases. Hence, targeting this receptor is considered a worthwhile approach to lessen the afflictions associated with the disorders mentioned above by understanding the receptor architecture and downstream signalling processes. Here, in the present review, we have dissected the structural and functional aspects of the P2X7 receptor, emphasizing its role in various diseased conditions. This information will provide in-depth knowledge about the receptor and help to develop apt curative methodologies for the betterment of humanity in the coming years.
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Alves FS, Xabregas LA, Kerr MWA, Souza GL, Pereira DS, Magalhães-Gama F, Santiago MRR, Garcia NP, Tarragô AM, Ogusku MM, Sadahiro A, Malheiro A, Costa AG. Genetic polymorphisms of inflammasome genes associated with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and clinical prognosis in the Brazilian Amazon. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9869. [PMID: 33972620 PMCID: PMC8110953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in the control of cancer development. To investigate the possible association of inflammasome genes to childhood leukemia we performed a case-control study with 158 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 192 healthy individuals. The IL1B and IL18 genetic polymorphisms were genotyped by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and NLRP1, NLRP3 and P2RX7 were genotyped using Real Time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The IL1B C/T rs19644 genotype was associated with the risk of developing ALL (C/C vs. C/T + T/T OR: 2.48 [95% CI: 1.26-4.88, p = 0.006]; C/C vs C/T OR: 2.74 [95% CI: 1.37-5.51, p = 0.003]) and the NLRP1 A/T rs12150220 (OR: 0.37 [95% CI: 0.16-0.87, p = 0.023]) was associated with protection against infectious comorbidities. It was not found association between NLRP3 and P2RX7 polymorphisms and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in our study. Our results suggest that the inflammasome single-variant polymorphisms (SNVs) may play a role in the development and prognostic of childhood leukemia. However, this finds requires further study within a larger population in order to prove it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Silva Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Av. Constantino Nery, 4397, Chapada, Manaus, AM, 69050-001, Brazil
| | - Lilyane Amorim Xabregas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Av. Constantino Nery, 4397, Chapada, Manaus, AM, 69050-001, Brazil
| | - Marlon Wendell Athaydes Kerr
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Av. Constantino Nery, 4397, Chapada, Manaus, AM, 69050-001, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Lima Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Av. Constantino Nery, 4397, Chapada, Manaus, AM, 69050-001, Brazil
| | - Daniele Sá Pereira
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Av. Constantino Nery, 4397, Chapada, Manaus, AM, 69050-001, Brazil
| | - Fábio Magalhães-Gama
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Mirian Rodrigues Ribeiro Santiago
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Av. Constantino Nery, 4397, Chapada, Manaus, AM, 69050-001, Brazil
| | - Nadja Pinto Garcia
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Av. Constantino Nery, 4397, Chapada, Manaus, AM, 69050-001, Brazil
| | - Andréa Monteiro Tarragô
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Av. Constantino Nery, 4397, Chapada, Manaus, AM, 69050-001, Brazil
- Rede Genômica de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas (REGESAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Maurício Morishi Ogusku
- Rede Genômica de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas (REGESAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Laboratório de Micobacteriologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Aya Sadahiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Av. Constantino Nery, 4397, Chapada, Manaus, AM, 69050-001, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Rede Genômica de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas (REGESAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Av. Constantino Nery, 4397, Chapada, Manaus, AM, 69050-001, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Rede Genômica de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas (REGESAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Escola de Enfermagem de Manaus, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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Territo PR, Zarrinmayeh H. P2X 7 Receptors in Neurodegeneration: Potential Therapeutic Applications From Basic to Clinical Approaches. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:617036. [PMID: 33889073 PMCID: PMC8055960 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.617036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors play important roles in central nervous system (CNS), where the bulk of these receptors are implicated in neuroinflammatory responses and regulation of cellular function of neurons, microglial and astrocytes. Within the P2X receptor family, P2X7 receptor is generally known for its inactivity in normal conditions and activation by moderately high concentrations (>100 μM) of extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) released from injured cells as a result of brain injury or pathological conditions. Activation of P2X7R contributes to the activation and proliferation of microglia and directly contribute to neurodegeneration by provoking microglia-mediated neuronal death, glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation that results in initiation, maturity and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. These components of the inflammatory response play important roles in many neural pathologies and neurodegeneration disorders. In CNS, expression of P2X7R on microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes are upregulated under neuroinflammatory conditions. Several in vivo studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of the P2X7 receptor antagonists in animal model systems of neurodegenerative diseases. A number of specific and selective P2X7 receptor antagonists have been developed, but only few of them have shown efficient brain permeability. Finding potent and selective P2X7 receptor inhibitors which are also CNS penetrable and display acceptable pharmacokinetics (PK) has presented challenges for both academic researchers and pharmaceutical companies. In this review, we discuss the role of P2X7 receptor function in neurodegenerative diseases, the pharmacological inhibition of the receptor, and PET radiopharmaceuticals which permit non-invasive monitoring of the P2X7 receptor contribution to neuroinflammation associated with neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Territo
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Hamideh Zarrinmayeh
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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18
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Association of P2X7 receptor genetic polymorphisms and expression with rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility in a sample of the Iranian population: a case-control study. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:3115-3126. [PMID: 33580375 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex inflammatory autoimmune disease with joint eruption, systemic manifestation, and numerous predisposing genetic factors. The P2X7 receptor is an essential ligand-gated channel that contributes to many physiological processes, especially inflammation. However, genetic variations can alter the P2X7 receptor function. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the impact of P2X7 genetic polymorphisms and expression on susceptibility to RA in a sample of the Iranian population. METHODS We enrolled 160 (145 female, 15 male) RA patients and 160 (142 female, 18 male) healthy individuals in this study. Genotyping was performed using tetra amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (TARMS-PCR) for rs1718119, rs2230912, rs2393799, rs28360457, rs35933842, and allele-specific PCR for rs1653624 and rs3751143. Furthermore, 44 new cases of RA and 48 healthy controls were recruited to investigate whether P2X7 mRNA expression is associated with RA susceptibility. RESULTS The results revealed that the rs2393799 significantly increased the risk of RA in all genetic models (p<0.05), while rs3751143 in codominant (CC vs. AA, OR=0.49, 95% CI=0.26-0.92), dominant (AC+CC, OR=0.59, 95% CI=0.37-0.94), C allele (OR=0.63, 95% CI=0.46-0.88), and rs2230912 in codominant (AG vs. AA, OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.34-0.94), dominant (AG+GG vs. AA, OR=0.59, 95% CI=0.35-0.99), and overdominant (AG vs. AA+GG, OR=0.57, 95% CI=0.33-0.98) significantly decreased the RA risk (p<0.05). Furthermore, the rs1718119 and rs1653624 were not associated with susceptibility of RA (p>0.05), and rs28360457 and rs35933842 were not polymorphic in our study. The mRNA expression level of P2X7 in both groups revealed that the P2X7 gene was significantly upregulated in RA (3.18±0.43) compared to healthy subjects (1.47±0.15, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that rs2393799, rs3751143, and rs2230912 variants of the P2X7 gene are associated with RA's susceptibility in a sample of the Iranian population. Also, P2X7 mRNA expression was higher in our new RA patients. The P2X7 receptor has been considered as a potential pharmacologic target in RA. Key Points • P2X7 variants (rs2393799, rs2230912, rs3751143) were associated with RA susceptibility in a sample of the Iranian population. • rs2393799 increases the risk of RA, while rs2230912 and rs3751143 decrease the risk of RA. • P2X7 expression was significantly upregulated in new RA patients compared to controls.
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Predicted the P2RX7 rs3751143 polymorphism is associated with cancer risk: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227679. [PMID: 33501930 PMCID: PMC7859319 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both meta-analyses and systematic reviews were used to assess the relationship between purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2RX7) rs3751143 polymorphism and the risk of cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data used in this research were collected from Google Scholar, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wan Fang Data databases. The final retrieval ended on 22 February 2019. The strength of correlation was assessed using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Based on the heterogeneity test results, fixed-effect (Mantel-Haenszel) or random-effects (DerSimonian-Laird) models were selected to summarise the collective effects. RESULTS Eight separate studies containing 1462 cancer cases and 3037 controls were enrolled. Overall, there was no significant association between P2RX7 rs3751143 polymorphism and the risk of cancer in the allelic, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, or recessive models. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis indicates that there is no significant association between P2RX7 rs3751143 polymorphism and the risk of cancer in the allelic, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, and recessive models.
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Abstract
The P2X7 receptor for extracellular ATP is a well-established mediator of tumoral development and progression both in solid cancers and hematological malignancies. The human P2X7 gene is highly polymorphic, and several splice variants of the receptor have been identified in time. P2X7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been broadly analyzed by studies relating them to pathologies as different as infectious, inflammatory, nervous, and bone diseases, among which cancer is included. Moreover, in the last years, an increasing number of reports concentrated on P2X7 splice variants’ different roles and their implications in pathological conditions, including oncogenesis. Here, we give an overview of established and recent literature demonstrating a role for human P2X7 gene products in oncological conditions, mainly focusing on current data emerging on P2X7 isoform B and nfP2X7. We explored the role of these and other genetic variants of P2X7 in cancer insurgence, dissemination, and progression, as well as the effect of chemotherapy on isoforms expression. The described literature strongly suggests that P2X7 variants are potential new biomarkers and therapeutical targets in oncological conditions and that their study in carcinogenesis deserves to be further pursued.
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The P2X7 purinergic receptor: a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2731-2741. [PMID: 32892231 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a gated ion channel for which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a ligand. Activated P2X7R is widely expressed in a variety of immune cells and tissues and is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Studies have confirmed that P2X7R is involved in the regulation of tumor cell growth, stimulating cell proliferation or inducing apoptosis. Recent studies have found that P2X7R is abnormally expressed in lung cancer and is closely related to the carcinogenesis and development of lung cancer. In this paper, we comprehensively describe the structure, function, and genetic polymorphisms of P2X7R. In particular, the role and therapeutic potential of P2X7R in lung cancer are discussed to provide new targets and new strategies for the treatment and prognosis of clinical lung cancer. METHODS The relevant literature on P2X7R and lung cancer from PubMed databases is reviewed in this article. RESULTS P2X7R regulates the function of lung cancer cells by activating multiple intracellular signaling pathways (such as the JNK, Rho, HMGB1 and EMT pathways), thereby affecting cell survival, growth, invasion, and metastasis and patient prognosis. Targeting P2X7R with inhibitors effectively suppresses the growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells. CONCLUSION In summary, P2X7R is expected to become a potential target for the treatment of lung cancer, and more clinical research is needed in the future to explore the effectiveness of P2X7R antagonists as treatments.
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Messina NL, Netea MG, Curtis N. The impact of human single nucleotide polymorphisms on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin responses. Vaccine 2020; 38:6224-6235. [PMID: 32826104 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The influence of genetic variability on human immune responses has major implications for the understanding of disease mechanisms and host-pathogen interactions. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which is given globally to protect against tuberculosis, has high variability in its protective efficacy against mycobacteria and its beneficial off-target (heterologous) effects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are major cause of genetic variation and have been strongly associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis and outcomes following BCG immunotherapy for cancer. This review discusses the contribution of SNPs to the variability in mycobacterial-specific and off-target BCG responses, and the implications for this on development of novel TB vaccines and strategies to harness the beneficial off-target effects of BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Messina
- Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Bodofsky S, Merriman TR, Thomas TJ, Schlesinger N. Advances in our understanding of gout as an auto-inflammatory disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020; 50:1089-1100. [PMID: 32916560 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gout, the most common inflammatory arthritis, is the result of hyperuricemia and inflammation induced by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition. However, most people with hyperuricemia will never develop gout, implying a molecular-genetic contribution to the development of gout. Recent genomic studies reveal links between certain genetic variations and gout. We highlight recent advances in our understanding of gout as an auto-inflammatory disease. We review the auto-inflammatory aspects of gout, including the inflammasome and thirteen gout-associated inflammatory-pathway genes and associated comorbidities. This information provides important insights into emerging immune-modulating targets in the management of gout, and future novel therapeutic targets in gout treatment. Cumulatively, this has important implications for treating gout as an auto-inflammatory disease, as opposed to a purely metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Bodofsky
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - T J Thomas
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Naomi Schlesinger
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Lara R, Adinolfi E, Harwood CA, Philpott M, Barden JA, Di Virgilio F, McNulty S. P2X7 in Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:793. [PMID: 32581786 PMCID: PMC7287489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X7 is a transmembrane receptor expressed in multiple cell types including neurons, dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, B and T cells where it can drive a wide range of physiological responses from pain transduction to immune response. Upon activation by its main ligand, extracellular ATP, P2X7 can form a nonselective channel for cations to enter the cell. Prolonged activation of P2X7, via high levels of extracellular ATP over an extended time period can lead to the formation of a macropore, leading to depolarization of the plasma membrane and ultimately to cell death. Thus, dependent on its activation state, P2X7 can either drive cell survival and proliferation, or induce cell death. In cancer, P2X7 has been shown to have a broad range of functions, including playing key roles in the development and spread of tumor cells. It is therefore unsurprising that P2X7 has been reported to be upregulated in several malignancies. Critically, ATP is present at high extracellular concentrations in the tumor microenvironment (TME) compared to levels observed in normal tissues. These high levels of ATP should present a survival challenge for cancer cells, potentially leading to constitutive receptor activation, prolonged macropore formation and ultimately to cell death. Therefore, to deliver the proven advantages for P2X7 in driving tumor survival and metastatic potential, the P2X7 macropore must be tightly controlled while retaining other functions. Studies have shown that commonly expressed P2X7 splice variants, distinct SNPs and post-translational receptor modifications can impair the capacity of P2X7 to open the macropore. These receptor modifications and potentially others may ultimately protect cancer cells from the negative consequences associated with constitutive activation of P2X7. Significantly, the effects of both P2X7 agonists and antagonists in preclinical tumor models of cancer demonstrate the potential for agents modifying P2X7 function, to provide innovative cancer therapies. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding of the structure and functions of P2X7 and how these impact P2X7 roles in cancer progression. We also review potential therapeutic approaches directed against P2X7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Lara
- Biosceptre (UK) Limited, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Philpott
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Bart's & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Inflammasome genetics and complex diseases: a comprehensive review. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:1307-1321. [PMID: 32499599 PMCID: PMC7608315 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a cytoplasmic multiprotein complex responsible for the activation of inflammatory caspases (caspase-1, -4, and -5) in response to pathogen- and/or damage-associated molecular patterns or to homeostasis-altering molecular pathways, and for the consequent release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-18. Taking in account the complexity of inflammasome activation and that several regulatory steps are involved in maintaining its physiologic role in homeostasis and innate immune response, it does not surprise that several genetic variants in inflammasome components have been associated with common pathologies in the general population, such as autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and associated metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Moreover, the susceptibility to infectious agents and/or to develop severe complications during infections also has been related to inflammasome genetics. In this work, we revised genetic association studies about polymorphisms of main inflammasome genes in sterile as well as infectious diseases, trying to depict the genetic contribution of inflammasome in disease pathogenesis.
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Koldej RM, Perera T, Collins J, Ritchie DS. Association between P2X7 Polymorphisms and Post-Transplant Outcomes in Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113772. [PMID: 32471261 PMCID: PMC7312926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is a highly effective treatment method for haematologic malignancies. However, infection of acute organ dysfunction and graft versus host disease (GVHD) impact negatively on patient outcomes. Pre-transplant conditioning regimes are associated with high levels of immunogenic cell death and the release of extracellular ATP, which binds to the P2X7 receptor. It has been proposed that signaling through the P2X7 receptor may lead to activation of downstream effectors that influence alloSCT outcome. In this study, we examined the effect of gain-of-function (GOF) or loss-of-function (LOF) P2X7 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) in 453 paired alloSCT donors and recipients and correlated their presence or absence to the major post-transplant outcomes of acute GVHD, relapse free survival and overall survival. The allelic frequency of P2X7 SNP in recipients and donors was not different from those SNP for which there is published population data. The LOF SNP Glu496Ala was overrepresented in recipients who did not develop severe acute GVHD and was associated with improved overall survival in rare homozygous recipients, whereas the LOF SNP Ile568Asn was more common in patients with grade 1–4 GVHD but lost statistical association in patients with grade 2–4 aGVHD, and was associated with reduced overall survival in heterozygotes due to an excess of infection-related deaths. The GOF variant haplotype (homozygous Gln460Arg-Ala348Thr) had no impact on post-alloSCT outcomes. Overall, our data indicate that allelic variations in recipients or donors occurs at the same frequency as the general population and may have a minor, but clinically nominal, impact on post-alloSCT outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Koldej
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (T.P.); (J.C.); (D.S.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-8559-7264
| | - Travis Perera
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (T.P.); (J.C.); (D.S.R.)
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jenny Collins
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (T.P.); (J.C.); (D.S.R.)
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - David S Ritchie
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (T.P.); (J.C.); (D.S.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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27
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Harris TH, Wallace MR, Huang H, Li H, Mohiuddeen A, Gong Y, Kompotiati T, Harrison P, Aukhil I, Shaddox LM. Association of P2RX7 functional variants with localized aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:32-40. [PMID: 31292966 PMCID: PMC8018522 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate involvement of the P2X7 receptor in the rare condition, localized aggressive periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Peripheral blood from 220 African Americans (103 with localized aggressive periodontitis and 117 healthy unrelated controls) was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide from E coli and Porphyromonas gingivalis. P2RX7 single nucleotide polymorphisms rs208294 (H155Y), rs1718119 (T348A), rs2230911 (T357S) and rs3751143 (E496A) were genotyped in 103 localized aggressive periodontitis patients and 117 healthy unrelated subjects. We examined genetic association between four P2RX7 single nucleotide polymorphisms and localized aggressive periodontitis, and tested for correlations between the single nucleotide polymorphisms and inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide in blood samples from these patients. RESULTS A significant association with localized aggressive periodontitis was observed with rs1718119 A (Thr) allele (P = 0.0063, odds ratio = 1.904) and with a haplotype containing this allele (P = 0.0075). Additionally, significant correlations with these data were found: the rs1718119 G allele correlated with greater production of IL-6, IL-2 and GM-CSF; the C (His) allele of rs208294 correlated with lower levels of IL-12p40; and the C (Thr) allele of rs2230911 correlated with greater levels of G-CSF. CONCLUSION The data from these analyses support a possible biological relationship between P2RX7 genetic variants and inflammatory response in localized aggressive periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore H. Harris
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Margaret R. Wallace
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Azeem Mohiuddeen
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Theodora Kompotiati
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Peter Harrison
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ikramuddin Aukhil
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Luciana M. Shaddox
- Department of Oral Health Practice, Division of Periodontology, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Antagonistic role of IL-1ß and NLRP3/IL-18 genetics in chronic HIV-1 infection. Clin Immunol 2019; 209:108266. [PMID: 31669192 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Host genetics affects both susceptibility and progression of HIV-1 infection. NLRP3 inflammasome provides a first-line defense in viral infections, and, accordingly, gain-of-function variants in NLRP3 have been associated with protection against HIV-1. Despite antiretroviral treatment (ART), HIV-infected patients continue to present systemic inflammation with a heterogeneous prognosis. As NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in several chronic diseases by amplifying "sterile" inflammation, its role in chronic phase of HIV infection has been postulated. Little is known about inflammasome genetics in HIV-infected patients and whether it may play a role in the different clinical outcomes. Therefore, we questioned whether NLRP3 inflammasome genetics could affect the clinical course of HIV-1 infection as it does in host/virus interaction. For this purpose, we analyzed selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ART-treated HIV-infected patients (n = 300), in Long Term Non-Progressors/Elite Controllers and progressors (n = 133), and in HIV-infected individuals submitted to dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy (n = 19). SNPs leading to increased activation of NLRP3 inflammasome are beneficial for patients, while SNPs that negatively affect NLRP3 activation or IL-18 production, detrimental. In contrast, gain-of-function variant in IL1B is also detrimental for patients, suggesting that while IL-1ß possible contributes to immune exhaustion, the axis NLRP3-inflammasome/IL-18 could act positively in chronic infection. Functional assays supported genetic results: NLRP3 variants associated with good quality HIV+ DC, and IL1B -511C > T with a poor one. Loss-of-function SNPs affect HIV+ T cells proliferation. These findings proposed for the first time that NLRP3 inflammasome, mainly through IL-18, play a protective role in chronic HIV infection.
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29
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Polymorphisms in the P2X7 receptor, and differential expression of Toll-like receptor-mediated cytokines and defensins, in a Canadian Indigenous group. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14204. [PMID: 31578370 PMCID: PMC6775093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Canadian Indigenous peoples (First Nations and Inuit) exhibit a high burden of infectious diseases including tuberculosis influenced by societal factors, and biological determinants. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated innate immune responses are the first line of defence against infections. We examined the production of a panel of 30 cytokines in peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from Indigenous and non-Indigenous participants, following stimulation with five different TLR ligands. The levels of TLR-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12/23p40, IL-16, and IFN-γ, and chemokines (MCP-4, MDC and eotaxin) were different between Indigenous compared to non-Indigenous participants. Antimicrobial cationic host defence peptides (CHDP) induced by TLR activation are critical for resolution of infections and modulate the TLR-to-NFκB pathway to alter downstream cytokine responses. Therefore, we examined the expression of human CHDP defensins and cathelicidin in PBMC. mRNA expression of genes encoding for def-A1 and def-B1 were significantly higher following stimulation with TLR ligands in Indigenous compared to non-Indigenous participants. The purinergic receptor P2X7 known to be activated by ATP released following TLR stimulation, is a receptor for CHDP. Therefore, we further examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in P2X7. Indigenous participants had a significantly higher percentage of a P2X7 SNP which is associated with reduced function and lower ability to clear infections. These results suggest that a higher frequency of non-functional P2X7 receptors may influence the activity of downstream immune mediators required for resolution of infections such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and CHDP defensins, thus contributing to higher burden of infections in Indigenous population.
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Kopp R, Krautloher A, Ramírez-Fernández A, Nicke A. P2X7 Interactions and Signaling - Making Head or Tail of It. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:183. [PMID: 31440138 PMCID: PMC6693442 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenine nucleotides play important roles in cell-cell communication and tissue homeostasis. High concentrations of extracellular ATP released by dying cells are sensed as a danger signal by the P2X7 receptor, a non-specific cation channel. Studies in P2X7 knockout mice and numerous disease models have demonstrated an important role of this receptor in inflammatory processes. P2X7 activation has been shown to induce a variety of cellular responses that are not usually associated with ion channel function, for example changes in the plasma membrane composition and morphology, ectodomain shedding, activation of lipases, kinases, and transcription factors, as well as cytokine release and apoptosis. In contrast to all other P2X family members, the P2X7 receptor contains a long intracellular C-terminus that constitutes 40% of the whole protein and is considered essential for most of these effects. So far, over 50 different proteins have been identified to physically interact with the P2X7 receptor. However, few of these interactions have been confirmed in independent studies and for the majority of these proteins, the interaction domains and the physiological consequences of the interactions are only poorly described. Also, while the structure of the P2X7 extracellular domain has recently been resolved, information about the organization and structure of its C-terminal tail remains elusive. After shortly describing the structure and assembly of the P2X7 receptor, this review gives an update of the identified or proposed interaction domains within the P2X7 C-terminus, describes signaling pathways in which this receptor has been involved, and provides an overlook of the identified interaction partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kopp
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Krautloher
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio Ramírez-Fernández
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Harris TH, Wallace MR, Huang H, Li H, Shaddox LM. Associations of P2RX7 Functional Diplotypes with Localized Aggressive Periodontitis. JDR Clin Trans Res 2019; 4:342-351. [PMID: 31319038 DOI: 10.1177/2380084419863789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to test for the role of the P2X7 receptor in localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP). METHODS Peripheral blood was obtained from 95 subjects with LAP and 76 healthy unrelated controls (HUCs). Three P2RX7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1718119, rs2230911, and rs3751143) were genotyped from these subjects, and their peripheral blood samples were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli and tested for inflammatory markers. The 3 P2RX7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were in found to be in perfect linkage disequilibrium, and a total of 4 haplotypes and 9 diplotypes were identified among all subjects. For both subject populations, the 9 diplotypes were grouped into 4 functional groups and tested for association with subject inflammatory response. To specifically study the effects of extrinsic activation of the P2X7 receptor in LAP, peripheral blood samples from were stimulated under 3 treatments: LPS, LPS + ATP, and LPS +ATP+ P2X7 selective inhibitor. The effects of these treatments on P2X7 receptor activity were measured through Luminex protein assay. Last, to test whether receptor stimulation was related to P2RX7 expression, relative mRNA levels of P2RX7 were quantified with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Several associations between the P2RX7 diplotypes and LPS-stimulated blood chemokine/cytokine levels were found between the LAP and HUC populations (P < 0.05). P2X7 activation resulted in statistically significant differences in IL-1β and IL-12p40 concentrations for both subject populations. The relative P2RX7 mRNA levels increased significantly after addition of its inhibitor for both LAP and HUC populations. CONCLUSIONS This study detected an association between P2RX7 functional diplotypes and in vitro immune response of whole blood from subjects with LAP. In addition, we found that inhibition of the activated P2X7 receptor leads to increased P2RX7 mRNA levels, suggesting a feedback loop ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01330719). KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The results of this study suggest that P2RX7 functional diplotypes are associated with LAP and their in vitro immune response to bacteria. Ongoing studies to uncover the mechanistic link between P2RX7 and LAP phenotypes could lead to the development of preventive approaches for susceptible subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Harris
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - M R Wallace
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - H Huang
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - H Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - L M Shaddox
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Current affiliation: Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Faria RX, de Jesus Hiller N, Salles JP, Resende JALC, Diogo RT, von Ranke NL, Bello ML, Rodrigues CR, Castro HC, de Luna Martins D. Arylboronic acids inhibit P2X7 receptor function and the acute inflammatory response. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2019; 51:277-290. [PMID: 31256283 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-019-09802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ion channel which is activated by interactions with the extracellular ATP molecules. The molecular complex P2X7R/ATP induces conformational changes in the protein subunits, opening a pore in the ion channel macromolecular structure. Currently, the P2X7R has been studied as a potential therapeutic target of anti-inflammatory drugs. Based on this, a series of eight boronic acids (NO) analogs were evaluated on the biologic effect of this pharmacophoric group on the human and murine P2X7R. The boronic acids derivatives NO-01 and NO-12 inhibited in vitro human and murine P2X7R function. These analogs compounds showed effect better than compound BBG and similar to inhibitor A740003 for inhibiting dye uptake, in vitro IL-1β release and ATP-induced paw edema in vivo. In both, in vitro and in vivo assays the compound NO-01 showed to be the hit compound in the present series of the arylboronic acids analogs. The molecular docking suggests that the NO derivatives bind into the upper body domain of the P2X7 pore and that the main intermolecular interaction with the two most active NO derivatives occur with the residues Phe 95, 103 and 293 by hydrophobic interactions and with Leu97, Gln98 and Ser101 by hydrogen bonds.. These results indicate that the boronic acid derivative NO-01 shows the lead compound characteristics to be used as a scaffold structure to the development of new P2X7R inhibitors with anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Xavier Faria
- Laboratory of Toxoplasmosis and Other Protozoans, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilion 108, room 32, CEP, Rio de Janeiro, Fiocruz, 21045-900, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Sciences and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Noemi de Jesus Hiller
- Research Group on Catalysis and Synthesis, Laboratory 413, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pimenta Salles
- Laboratory of Toxoplasmosis and Other Protozoans, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilion 108, room 32, CEP, Rio de Janeiro, Fiocruz, 21045-900, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Tosta Diogo
- Laboratory of Toxoplasmosis and Other Protozoans, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilion 108, room 32, CEP, Rio de Janeiro, Fiocruz, 21045-900, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Sciences and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia Lidmar von Ranke
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.,Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Murilo Lamim Bello
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rangel Rodrigues
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Helena Carla Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Luna Martins
- Research Group on Catalysis and Synthesis, Laboratory 413, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Adhikary SR, Geraghty NJ, Cuthbertson P, Sluyter R, Watson D. Altered donor P2X7 activity in human leukocytes correlates with P2RX7 genotype but does not affect the development of graft-versus-host disease in humanised mice. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:177-192. [PMID: 31001750 PMCID: PMC6635536 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a life-threatening consequence of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a curative therapy for haematological malignancies. The ATP-gated P2X7 receptor channel is implicated in the development of GVHD. P2X7 activity on human leukocytes can be influenced by gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2RX7 gene. In this study, the P2RX7 gene was sequenced in 25 human donors and the P2X7 activity on subsets of peripheral blood T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes was measured using an ATP-induced dye uptake assay. GOF and LOF SNPs representing 10 of the 17 known P2RX7 haplotypes were identified, and correlated with P2X7 activity on all leukocyte subsets investigated. Notably, invariant (i) NK T cells displayed the highest P2X7 activity amongst all cell types studied. To determine if donor P2X7 activity influenced the development of GVHD, immunodeficient NOD-SCID-IL2Rγnull (NSG) mice were injected with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from donors of either GOF (hP2X7GOF mice) or LOF (hP2X7LOF mice) P2RX7 genotype. Both hP2X7GOF and hP2X7LOF mice demonstrated similar human leukocyte engraftment, and showed comparable weight loss, GVHD clinical score and overall survival. Donor P2X7 activity did not affect human leukocyte infiltration or GVHD-mediated tissue damage, or the relative expression of human P2X7 or human interferon-γ (hIFNγ) in tissues. Finally, hP2X7GOF and hP2X7LOF mice demonstrated similar concentrations of serum hIFNγ. This study demonstrates that P2X7 activity correlates with donor P2RX7 genotype on human leukocyte subsets important in GVHD development, but does not affect GVHD development in a humanised mouse model of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Adhikary
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - N J Geraghty
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - P Cuthbertson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - R Sluyter
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - D Watson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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Xiao W, Gong C, Liu X, Liu Y, Peng S, Luo D, Wang R, Li T, Zhao J, Xiong C, Liang S, Xu H. Association of P2X7R gene with serum lipid profiles in Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Climacteric 2019; 22:498-506. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2019.1604654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - C. Gong
- Department of Science and Education, Chest Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - X. Liu
- Clinical Medical College, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Y. Liu
- Department of Physiology, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - S. Peng
- Basic Medical College, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - D. Luo
- Basic Medical College, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - R. Wang
- Department of Physiology, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - T. Li
- Clinical Medical College, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - J. Zhao
- Clinical Medical College, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - C. Xiong
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - S. Liang
- Department of Physiology, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - H. Xu
- Department of Physiology, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Pan Z, Zhang X, Ma Y, Xu S, Shuai Z, Pan F, Sun G. Genetic variation of rs7958311 in P2X7R gene is associated with the susceptibility and disease activity of ankylosing spondylitis. Postgrad Med J 2019; 95:251-257. [PMID: 30992418 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-136036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe association between the genetic variation of inflammation-associated gene, P2X7R, and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) susceptibility. METHODS Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of P2 X 7 R gene were genotyped in 673 patients with AS and 687 healthy controls. Allele and genotype frequencies and different genetic models were performed to calculate ORs and 95% CIs, the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were recorded. The data analyses were also conducted by sex. RESULTS Compared with controls, genetic variation in rs7958311 but not the other three SNPs was statistically significant in female patients (χ2=6.907, p=0.032). Specifically, the P2 X 7 R gene rs7958311 polymorphism A allele showed a protective effect in AS susceptibility (OR=0.704, p=0.049, pFDR=0.061). In addition, female individuals with GA and/or AA genotypes had a lower risk of having AS compared with those with GG genotype (GA vs GG: OR=0.446, p=0.012, pFDR=0.030; AA vs GG: OR=0.440, p=0.039, pFDR=0.061; GA/AA vs GG: OR=0.445, p=0.009, pFDR=0.030). Furthermore, individuals with A allele (ie, GA/AA vs GG) had a higher disease activity, including Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (overall: Z=- 2.630, p=0.014; male: Z=- 2.243, p=0.025), Schober test (overall: Z=- 3.041, p<0.001; male: Z=- 2.243, p=0.025) and chest expansion (overall: Z=- 3.895, p=0.004; male: Z=- 2.403, p=0.016). CONCLUSION The allelic variation of rs7958311 SNP in P2X7R gene may have a protective effect on AS susceptibility in females and is associated with disease activity in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yubo Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shengqian Xu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China .,School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guoping Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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36
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D'Addio F, Vergani A, Potena L, Maestroni A, Usuelli V, Ben Nasr M, Bassi R, Tezza S, Dellepiane S, El Essawy B, Iascone M, Iacovoni A, Borgese L, Liu K, Visner G, Dhe-Paganon S, Corradi D, Abdi R, Starling RC, Folli F, Zuccotti GV, Sayegh MH, Heeger PS, Chandraker A, Grigioni F, Fiorina P. P2X7R mutation disrupts the NLRP3-mediated Th program and predicts poor cardiac allograft outcomes. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3490-3503. [PMID: 30010623 DOI: 10.1172/jci94524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptor-7 (P2X7R) signaling controls Th17 and Th1 generation/differentiation, while NOD-like receptor P3 (NLRP3) acts as a Th2 transcriptional factor. Here, we demonstrated the existence of a P2X7R/NLRP3 pathway in T cells that is dysregulated by a P2X7R intracellular region loss-of-function mutation, leading to NLRP3 displacement and to excessive Th17 generation due to abrogation of the NLRP3-mediated Th2 program. This ultimately resulted in poor outcomes in cardiac-transplanted patients carrying the mutant allele, who showed abnormal Th17 generation. Transient NLRP3 silencing in nonmutant T cells or overexpression in mutant T cells normalized the Th profile. Interestingly, IL-17 blockade reduced Th17 skewing of human T cells in vitro and abrogated the severe allograft vasculopathy and abnormal Th17 generation observed in preclinical models in which P2X7R was genetically deleted. This P2X7R intracellular region mutation thus impaired the modulatory effects of P2X7R on NLRP3 expression and function in T cells and led to NLRP3 dysregulation and Th17 skewing, delineating a high-risk group of cardiac-transplanted patients who may benefit from personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca D'Addio
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, "L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Vergani
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luciano Potena
- Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Program, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maestroni
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, "L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Usuelli
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Moufida Ben Nasr
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, "L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Tezza
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sergio Dellepiane
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Basset El Essawy
- Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Attilio Iacovoni
- Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Laura Borgese
- Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Program, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kaifeng Liu
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary Visner
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Domenico Corradi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, Unit of Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randall C Starling
- Heart Failure Center, Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Franco Folli
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, "L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Peter S Heeger
- Department of Medicine and Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesco Grigioni
- Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Program, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, "L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Endocrinology Division, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
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Wang H, Gong C, Liu X, Rao S, Li T, He L, Nie Y, Wang S, Zhong P, Xue Y, Wang J, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Ding L, Tu Y, Yang Y, Xiong C, Liang S, Xu H. Genetic interaction of purinergic P2X7 receptor and ER-α polymorphisms in susceptibility to osteoporosis in Chinese postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Metab 2018; 36:488-497. [PMID: 28884379 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-017-0862-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is an increasing public health problem worldwide. Genetic factors are considered to be major contributors to the pathogenesis of OP. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) genes with OP risk, and the effect of the possible interaction between the two genes on predisposition to OP in Chinese postmenopausal women. A total of 596 subjects, including 350 OP patients and 246 controls, were recruited in this case-control study. Five functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2X7R gene (rs2393799, rs7958311, rs1718119, rs2230911, rs3751143) and two ER-α PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms were genotyped and analyzed. Single-gene variant analysis showed that the carriers of the CC genotype of P2X7R rs3751143 revealed an increased OP risk. Haplotype rs1718119G-rs2230911G-rs3751143C also appeared to be a significant 'risk' haplotype with OP. For the ER-α gene, no evidence of significant association of PvuII or XbaI polymorphism with OP risk was found. Moreover, there was a significant gene-gene interaction between P2X7R rs3751143 and ER-α PvuII; the cross-validation consistency was 10/10 and the testing accuracy was 0.5818 (P = 0.0107). A 1.67-fold-increased risk for OP was detected in individuals carrying the genotypes of AC or CC of rs3751143 and Pp or PP of PvuII compared to subjects with AA of rs3751143 and pp of PvuII. Our findings suggest an important association of the P2X7R rs3751143CC genotype and the rs1718119G-rs2230911G-rs3751143C haplotype with an increased OP risk. Also, the P2X7R rs3751143 and ER-α PvuII two-locus interaction confers a significantly high susceptibility to OP in Chinese postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Undergraduate student of Queen Mary School and Clinical Medical School and Public Health School, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxin Gong
- Department of Science and Education, Chest Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzi Liu
- Undergraduate student of Queen Mary School and Clinical Medical School and Public Health School, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenqiang Rao
- Department of Physiology, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Undergraduate student of Queen Mary School and Clinical Medical School and Public Health School, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Luling He
- Department of Physiology, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Nie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Undergraduate student of Queen Mary School and Clinical Medical School and Public Health School, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Zhong
- Undergraduate student of Queen Mary School and Clinical Medical School and Public Health School, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansong Xue
- Undergraduate student of Queen Mary School and Clinical Medical School and Public Health School, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Wang
- Undergraduate student of Queen Mary School and Clinical Medical School and Public Health School, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiani Zhao
- Undergraduate student of Queen Mary School and Clinical Medical School and Public Health School, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuru Zhou
- Undergraduate student of Queen Mary School and Clinical Medical School and Public Health School, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Ding
- Undergraduate student of Queen Mary School and Clinical Medical School and Public Health School, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunming Tu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Yang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaopeng Xiong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Physiology, JiangXi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Broström JM, Ghalali A, Zheng H, Högberg J, Stenius U, Littorin M, Tinnerberg H, Broberg K. Toluene diisocyanate exposure and autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid signalling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:43-51. [PMID: 29940203 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is a reactive chemical used in manufacturing plastics. TDI exposure adversely affects workers' health, causing occupational asthma, but individuals differ in susceptibility. We recently suggested a role for signalling mediated by the enzyme autotaxin (ATX) and its product, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), in TDI toxicity. Here we genotyped 118 TDI-exposed workers for six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding proteins implicated in ATX-LPA signalling: purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2RX7), CC motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), interleukin 1β (IL1B), and caveolin 1 (CAV1). Two P2RX7 SNPs (rs208294 and rs2230911) significantly modified the associations between a biomarker of TDI exposure (urinary 2,4-toluene diamine) and plasma LPA; two IL1B SNPs (rs16944 and rs1143634) did not. CAV1 rs3807989 modified the associations, but the effect was not statistically significant (p = 0.05-0.09). In vitro, TDI-exposed bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-) rapidly released ATX and IL-1β. P2X7 inhibitors attenuated both responses, but confocal microscopy showed non-overlapping localizations of ATX and IL-1β, and down-regulation of CAV1 inhibited the ATX response but not the IL-1β response. This study indicates that P2X7 is pivotal for TDI-induced ATX-LPA signalling, which was modified by genetic variation in P2RX7. Furthermore, our data suggest that the TDI-induced ATX and IL-1β responses occur independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Broström
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Aram Ghalali
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huiyuan Zheng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Högberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Stenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Littorin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Tinnerberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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The presence of the 1068 G>A variant of P2X7 receptors is associated to an increase in IL-1Ra levels, insulin secretion and pancreatic β-cell function but not with glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Gene 2018; 652:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Burnstock G, Knight GE. The potential of P2X7 receptors as a therapeutic target, including inflammation and tumour progression. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:1-18. [PMID: 29164451 PMCID: PMC5842154 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven P2X ion channel nucleotide receptor subtypes have been cloned and characterised. P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) are unusual in that there are extra amino acids in the intracellular C terminus. Low concentrations of ATP open cation channels sometimes leading to cell proliferation, whereas high concentrations of ATP open large pores that release inflammatory cytokines and can lead to apoptotic cell death. Since many diseases involve inflammation and immune responses, and the P2X7R regulates inflammation, there has been recent interest in the pathophysiological roles of P2X7R and the potential of P2X7R antagonists to treat a variety of diseases. These include neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, epilepsy and a number of diseases of peripheral organs, including the cardiovascular, airways, kidney, liver, bladder, skin and musculoskeletal. The potential of P2X7R drugs to treat tumour progression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Gillian E Knight
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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Wilkinson SM, Barron ML, O’Brien-Brown J, Janssen B, Stokes L, Werry EL, Chishty M, Skarratt KK, Ong JA, Hibbs DE, Vugts DJ, Fuller S, Windhorst AD, Kassiou M. Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Bioisosteres of an Adamantanyl Benzamide P2X 7 Receptor Antagonist. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2374-2380. [PMID: 28841278 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adamantanyl benzamide 1 was identified as a potent P2X7R antagonist but failed to progress further due to poor metabolic stability. We describe the synthesis and SAR of a series of bioisosteres of benzamide 1 to explore improvements in the pharmacological properties of this lead. Initial efforts investigated a series of heteroaromatic bioisosteres, which demonstrated improved physicochemical properties but reduced P2X7R antagonism. Installation of bioisosteric fluorine on the adamantane bridgeheads was well tolerated and led to a series of bioisosteres with improved physicochemical properties and metabolic stability. Trifluorinated benzamide 34 demonstrated optimal physicochemical parameters, superior metabolic stability (ten times longer than lead benzamide 1), and an improved physicokinetic profile and proved effective in the presence of several known P2X7R polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bieneke Janssen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leanne Stokes
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Purinergic P2X7 receptor functional genetic polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to obesity in Chinese postmenopausal women. Menopause 2017; 25:329-335. [PMID: 29088017 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a case-control study to investigate the associations of functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) gene (rs2393799, rs7958311, rs1718119, rs2230911, and rs3751143) with obesity and overweight in a population of Chinese postmenopausal women. METHODS Our study included 180 obese women, 179 overweight women, and 204 controls. All participants were genotyped at the P2X7R rs2393799, rs7958311, rs1718119, rs2230911, and rs3751143 loci via allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism procedures. The relationships between P2X7R genetic polymorphisms and their associated haplotypes with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m] and overweight (25 kg/m ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m) were evaluated. RESULTS Our results showed that P2X7R rs2230911G and rs1718119A were associated with an increased risk of obesity; in particular, both carriers of the rs2230911G allele and GG/(CG + GG) genotypes (G vs C, P < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] 2.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.98-4.16; GG vs CC, P < 0.001, OR 8.76, 95% CI 3.29-23.35; CG + GG vs CC, P < 0.001, OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.63-3.95) and carriers of the rs17181191A allele and GA/(GA + AA) genotypes (A vs G, P < 0.001, OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.86-4.74; GA vs GG, P = 0.001, OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.55-4.79; GA + AA vs GG, P < 0.001, OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.79-5.19) were at a higher risk of obesity. No association with obesity or overweight was observed for the other three P2X7R polymorphisms (rs2393799, rs7958311, and rs3751143). Haplotype analysis indicated that P2X7R rs1718119A-rs2230911G-rs3751143C appeared to be a significant risk haplotype with obesity (P = 0.0005, OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.45-3.90). CONCLUSIONS P2X7R functional genetic polymorphisms and their estimated haplotypes are associated with obesity in Chinese postmenopausal women.
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with P2X7R function regulate the onset of gouty arthritis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181685. [PMID: 28797095 PMCID: PMC5552250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gout is an inflammatory disease that is caused by the increased production of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulated by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. However, some hyperuricemia patients, even gouty patients with tophi in the joints, never experience gout attack, which indicates that pathogenic pathways other than MSU participate in the secretion of IL-1β in the pathogenesis of acute gouty arthritis. The ATP-P2X7R-IL-1β axis may be one of these pathways. OBJECTIVE This study examines the role of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the pathogenesis of gout and the association of ATP receptor (P2X7R) function with single nucleotide polymorphisms and gout arthritis. METHODS Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) loci of P2X7R in Chinese people were screened to compare the frequencies of different alleles and genotype distribution of selective SNPs in 117 gouty patients and 95 hyperuricemia patients. Peripheral white blood cells were purified from the peripheral blood of 43 randomly selected gout patients and 36 hyperuricemia patients from the total group. Cells were cultured with MSU or MSU + ATP, and supernatants were collected for the detection of IL-1β concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS 1. Eight SNP loci, including rs1653624, rs10160951, rs1718119, rs7958316, rs16950860, rs208294, rs17525809 and rs2230912, were screened and detected, and rs1653624, rs7958316 and rs17525809 were associated with gout arthritis. 2. IL-1β concentrations in supernatants after MSU + ATP stimulation were significantly higher in gouty patients than in the hyperuricemia group [(131.08 ± 176.11) pg/ml vs. (50.84 ± 86.10) pg/ml]; Patients (including gout and hyperuricemia) carrying the susceptibility genotype AA or AT of rs1653624 exhibited significantly higher concentrations of IL-1β than patients carrying the non-susceptibility genotype TT [(104.20 ± 164.25) pg/ml vs. (21.90 ± 12.14) pg/ml]; However, no differences were found with MSU stimulation alone. CONCLUSIONS ATP promotes the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis via increasing the secretion of IL-1 β, and its receptor (P2X7R) function associated single nucleotide polymorphisms may be related to gouty arthritis, which indicates that ATP-P2X7R signaling pathway plays a significant regulatory role in the pathogenesis of gout.
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Murrell-Lagnado RD. Regulation of P2X Purinergic Receptor Signaling by Cholesterol. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2017; 80:211-232. [PMID: 28863817 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
P2X receptors are cation-selective channels that are activated by the binding of extracellular ATP. They have a high permeability to Ca2+, Na+, and K+ and are expressed widely throughout the nervous, immune, cardiovascular, skeletal, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and endocrine systems. Seven mammalian subtypes of P2X receptor subunits have been identified, P2X1-7, and those that function as homotrimeric receptors (P2X1, 2, 3, 4, and 7) are targeted to lipid rafts, although they show limited resistance to solubilization by Triton X-100. Recent crystal structures of P2X3 and P2X4 receptors have provided considerable high-resolution information about the architecture of this family of receptors and yet the molecular details of how they are regulated by cholesterol are unknown. Currents mediated by the P2X1-4 receptors are either inhibited or relatively insensitive to cholesterol depletion, but there is no clear evidence to support the direct binding of cholesterol to these receptors. In contrast, the activity of the low-affinity, proinflammatory P2X7 receptor is potentiated by cholesterol depletion and regions within the proximal C-terminus play an important role in coupling changes in cholesterol to the gating of the pore. Based upon our understanding of the lipid signaling events that are triggered downstream of P2X7 receptor activation, a change in the levels of cholesterol may contribute to the sensitization of receptor currents and the dilation of the pore that occurs following prolonged, high-level stimulation. This chapter focuses on the regulation of P2X7 receptor signaling by cholesterol and our current understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth D Murrell-Lagnado
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.
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Purinergic P2X7 receptor functional genetic polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to osteoporosis in Chinese postmenopausal women. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:339-346. [PMID: 28497417 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a major public health problem worldwide. Genetic factors are considered to be major contributors to the pathogenesis of OP. The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has been shown to play a role in the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activity and has been considered as an important candidate gene for OP. A case-control study was performed to investigate the associations of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2X7R gene (rs2393799, rs7958311, rs1718119, rs2230911, and rs3751143) with susceptibility to OP in 400 Chinese OP patients and 400 controls. Results showed that rs3751143 was associated with OP; in particular, carriers of the C allele and CC/(AC + CC) genotypes were at a higher risk of OP, but no significant association of rs2230911, rs7958311, rs1718119, and rs2393799 with OP risk was observed. Analysis of the haplotypes revealed one haplotype (rs1718119G-rs2230911G-rs3751143C) that appeared to be a significant "risk" haplotype with OP. The rs3751143 polymorphism was associated with osteoclast apoptosis; ATP-induced caspase-1 activity of osteoclasts with AC and CC genotypes is lower than that of osteoclasts with AA genotype in vitro. The findings suggest that the P2X7R rs3751143 functional polymorphism might contribute to OP susceptibility in Chinese postmenopausal women.
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Ying Y, Chen Y, Li Z, Huang H, Gong Q. Investigation into the association between P2RX7 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to primary gout and hyperuricemia in a Chinese Han male population. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:571-578. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Purinergic signalling in autoimmunity: A role for the P2X7R in systemic lupus erythematosus? Biomed J 2016; 39:326-338. [PMID: 27884379 PMCID: PMC6138817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signalling plays a crucial role in immunity and autoimmunity. Among purinergic receptors, the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has an undisputed role as it is expressed to high level by immune cells, triggers cytokine release and modulates immune cell differentiation. In this review, we focus on evidence supporting a possible role of the P2X7R in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
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Inflammasome genetics contributes to the development and control of active pulmonary tuberculosis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 41:240-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Duan S, Yu J, Han Z, Cheng Z, Liang P. Association Between P2RX7 Gene and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Susceptibility: A Case-Control Study in a Chinese Han Population. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1916-23. [PMID: 27272229 PMCID: PMC4915328 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of liver cancer. It is hypothesized that P2RX7 genetic polymorphisms have strong association with HCC susceptibility. Therefore, a case-control study was designed and performed to verify the association between P2RX7 gene polymorphisms and HCC susceptibility. Material/Methods A total of 646 subjects were recruited in our study, including 323 HCC patients and 323 healthy controls. Five gene polymorphisms, −762C>T (rs2393799), 946G>A (rs28360457), 1513A>C (rs3751143), 1068G>A (rs1718119), and 1096C>G (rs2230911), were selected. Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to quantify the association between P2RX7 gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility to HCC. All tests were performed using SPSS 20 and a 2-sided P value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results Our results suggest that allelic frequencies of these 5 SNPs all conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). There was no significant difference in genotype and allele distributions of −762C>T and 1096C>G between the case group and the control group. However, an increased risk of HCC was associated with 946G>A (A vs. G: OR=1.48, 95%CI=1.09–2.01, P=0.013; GA+AA vs. GG: OR=1.46, 95%CI=1.03–2.07, P=0.033). A similar increased risk was associated with 1513A>C polymorphism (C vs. A: OR=1.37, 95%CI=1.05–1.79, P=0.021; AC+CC vs. AA: OR=1.40, 95%CI=1.01–1.93, P=0.041). On the other hand, a decreased risk of HCC was associated with gene polymorphism of 1068G>A (A vs. G: OR=0.68, 95%CI=0.51–0.91, P=0.010; GA+AA vs. GG: OR=0.68, 95%CI=0.49–0.96, P=0.027; AA vs. GG: OR=0.42, 95%CI=0.18–0.99, P=0.048). Conclusions Our results suggest that 3 of the 5 polymorphisms of P2RX7 described above (1513A>C, 946G>A, and 1068G>A) are significantly associated with HCC susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. Studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to confirm whether our results will be applicable to different ethnic populations in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Duan
- , Medical Center of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiyu Han
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhigang Cheng
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
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De Marchi E, Orioli E, Dal Ben D, Adinolfi E. P2X7 Receptor as a Therapeutic Target. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 104:39-79. [PMID: 27038372 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
P2X7 receptor is an ATP-gated cation channel that upon agonist interaction leads to cellular influx of Na(+) and Ca(2+) and efflux of K(+). P2X7 is expressed by a wide variety of cells and its activation mediates a large number of biological processes like inflammation, neuromodulation, cell death or cell proliferation and it has been associated to related pathological conditions including infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, neurological, and musculoskeletal disorders and, in the last years, to cancer. This chapter describes structural features of P2X7, chemical properties of its agonist, antagonist, and allosteric modulators and summarizes recent advances on P2X7 receptor as therapeutic target in the aforementioned diseases. We also give an overview on recent literature suggesting that P2X7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms could be exploited as diagnostic biomarkers for the development of tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Orioli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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