1
|
Kim N, Byun S, Um SJ. Additional Sex Combs-like Family Associated with Epigenetic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5119. [PMID: 38791157 PMCID: PMC11121404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The additional sex combs-like (ASXL) family, a mammalian homolog of the additional sex combs (Asx) of Drosophila, has been implicated in transcriptional regulation via chromatin modifications. Abnormal expression of ASXL family genes leads to myelodysplastic syndromes and various types of leukemia. De novo mutation of these genes also causes developmental disorders. Genes in this family and their neighbor genes are evolutionary conserved in humans and mice. This review provides a comprehensive summary of epigenetic regulations associated with ASXL family genes. Their expression is commonly regulated by DNA methylation at CpG islands preceding transcription starting sites. Their proteins primarily engage in histone tail modifications through interactions with chromatin regulators (PRC2, TrxG, PR-DUB, SRC1, HP1α, and BET proteins) and with transcription factors, including nuclear hormone receptors (RAR, PPAR, ER, and LXR). Histone modifications associated with these factors include histone H3K9 acetylation and methylation, H3K4 methylation, H3K27 methylation, and H2AK119 deubiquitination. Recently, non-coding RNAs have been identified following mutations in the ASXL1 or ASXL3 gene, along with circular ASXLs and microRNAs that regulate ASXL1 expression. The diverse epigenetic regulations linked to ASXL family genes collectively contribute to tumor suppression and developmental processes. Our understanding of ASXL-regulated epigenetics may provide insights into the development of therapeutic epigenetic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soo-Jong Um
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (N.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang L, Wei X, Gong Y. Prognosis and risk factors for ASXL1 mutations in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6871. [PMID: 38146893 PMCID: PMC10807681 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the prognosis and risk factors for additional sex combs like 1 (ASXL1) mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). POPULATION AND METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 219 adult patients with newly diagnosed AML and MDS, who were treated in West China Hospital from October 2018 to January 2022. The primary clinical outcome was evaluated by overall survival (OS) followed up to January 2023. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox multivariate regression analysis were performed to identify potential prognostic parameters in patients with ASXL1 mutations (mt). RESULTS A total of 34 (15.53%) ASXL1mt were detected, which occurred more frequently in the elderly and MDS cohorts (p < 0.001). Significantly lower blasts% (p < 0.001) and higher frequencies of mutant RUNX1, SRSF2, STAG2, EZH2, and SETBP1 (p < 0.02) were observed in the ASXL1mt cohort. Patients with ASXL1mt manifested with a worse complete remission rate (p = 0.011), and an inferior OS was shown in subgroups with MDS, co-mutations of RUNX1, SRSF2, or NRAS, as well as mutations in G646W (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis considering age, diagnosis, co-mutations, and mutation site confirmed an independently adverse prognosis of mutations in G646W (HR = 4.302, 95% CI: 1.150-16.097) or RUNX1 co-mutations (HR = 4.620, 95% CI: 1.385-15.414) in the ASXL1mt cohort. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that mutations in G646W or RUNX1 co-mutations are closely associated with a dismal clinical outcome in patients with AML and MDS harboring ASXL1mt. Considering the poor prognosis and risk factors in patients with ASXL1mt, more available treatments should be pursued.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Yang
- Department of Hematology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Department of HematologyFujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- Department of Hematology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yuping Gong
- Department of Hematology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Urabe A, Chi S, Minami Y. The Immuno-Oncology and Genomic Aspects of DNA-Hypomethylating Therapeutics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043727. [PMID: 36835136 PMCID: PMC9961620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) have been used for decades in the treatment of hematologic neoplasms, and now, have gathered attention again in terms of their combination with potent molecular-targeted agents such as a BCL-6 inhibitor venetoclax and an IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib, as well as a novel immune-checkpoint inhibitor (anit-CD47 antibody) megrolimab. Several studies have shown that leukemic cells have a distinct immunological microenvironment, which is at least partially due to genetic alterations such as the TP53 mutation and epigenetic dysregulation. HMAs possibly improve intrinsic anti-leukemic immunity and sensitivity to immune therapies such as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and anti-CD47 agents. This review describes the immuno-oncological backgrounds of the leukemic microenvironment and the therapeutic mechanisms of HMAs, as well as current clinical trials of HMAs and/or venetoclax-based combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yosuke Minami
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-4-7133-1111; Fax: +81-7133-6502
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Medina EA, Delma CR, Yang FC. ASXL1/2 mutations and myeloid malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:127. [PMID: 36068610 PMCID: PMC9450349 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid malignancies develop through the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that dysregulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal, stimulate HSC proliferation and result in differentiation defects. The polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (TrxG) of epigenetic regulators act antagonistically to regulate the expression of genes key to stem cell functions. The genes encoding these proteins, and the proteins that interact with them or affect their occupancy at chromatin, are frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies. PcG and TrxG proteins are regulated by Enhancers of Trithorax and Polycomb (ETP) proteins. ASXL1 and ASXL2 are ETP proteins that assemble chromatin modification complexes and transcription factors. ASXL1 mutations frequently occur in myeloid malignancies and are associated with a poor prognosis, whereas ASXL2 mutations frequently occur in AML with t(8;21)/RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and less frequently in other subtypes of myeloid malignancies. Herein, we review the role of ASXL1 and ASXL2 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis by summarizing the findings of mouse model systems and discussing their underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Medina
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.
| | - Caroline R Delma
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Feng-Chun Yang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Molecular Pathogenesis of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: From Molecular Landscape to Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094573. [PMID: 35562964 PMCID: PMC9100530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite distinct clinical entities, the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) share morphological similarities, propensity to thrombotic events and leukemic evolution, and a complex molecular pathogenesis. Well-known driver mutations, JAK2, MPL and CALR, determining constitutive activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway are the hallmark of MPN pathogenesis. Recent data in MPN patients identified the presence of co-occurrence somatic mutations associated with epigenetic regulation, messenger RNA splicing, transcriptional mechanism, signal transduction, and DNA repair mechanism. The integration of genetic information within clinical setting is already improving patient management in terms of disease monitoring and prognostic information on disease progression. Even the current therapeutic approaches are limited in disease-modifying activity, the expanding insight into the genetic basis of MPN poses novel candidates for targeted therapeutic approaches. This review aims to explore the molecular landscape of MPN, providing a comprehensive overview of the role of drive mutations and additional mutations, their impact on pathogenesis as well as their prognostic value, and how they may have future implications in therapeutic management.
Collapse
|
6
|
Fan Y, Liao L, Liu Y, Wu Z, Wang C, Jiang Z, Wang S, Liu Y. Risk factors affect accurate prognosis in ASXL1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:526. [PMID: 34627254 PMCID: PMC8502294 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The epigenetic regulator additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) is an adverse prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the mutational spectrum and prognostic factors of ASXL1-mutated (ASXL1+) AML are largely unknown. We aim to evaluate the risk factors influencing the prognosis of ASXL1+ AML. Methods We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 1047 cases of de novo AML and discovered 91 ASXL1+ AML (8.7%). The Log-Rank test and Kaplan-Meier were used to evaluate survival rate, and the Cox regression model was used to analyze multivariate analysis. Results In a total of 91 ASXL1+ AML, 86% had one or more co-mutations. The factors that had adverse impact on overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) are defined as high risk factors, including age ≥ 60 years, WBC count ≥ 50 × 109/L, FLT3-ITD mutations, RUNX1 mutations, and absence of AML1-ETO fusion gene. ASXL1 mutations without any risk factor were classified as single-hit ASXL1+ AML; ASXL1 mutations accompanied with one of the risk factors was referred to as double-hit ASXL1+ AML; ASXL1 mutations with two or more of the risk factors were designated as triple-hit ASXL1+ AML. The combination of these risk factors had a negative influence on the prognosis of ASXL1+ AML. The median OS was not attained in single-hit ASXL1+ AML, 29.53 months in double-hit ASXL1+ AML, and 6.67 months in triple-hit ASXL1+ AML (P = 0.003). The median EFS was not attained in single-hit ASXL1+ AML, 29.53 months in double-hit ASXL1+ AML, and 5.47 months in triple-hit ASXL1+ AML (P = 0.002). Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) improved the prognosis of double/triple-hit ASXL1+ AML patients. Conclusions Our study provided new insights into the mutational spectrum and prognostic factors of ASXL1+ AML patients. Our primary data suggest that the risk factors in ASXL1+ AML contribute to the poor outcome of these patients. The management of ASXL1+ AML patients should be based on the risk factors and allo-HSCT is highly recommended for consolidation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02233-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linxiao Liao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maimaitiyiming Y, Wang QQ, Yang C, Ogra Y, Lou Y, Smith CA, Hussain L, Shao YM, Lin J, Liu J, Wang L, Zhu Y, Lou H, Huang Y, Li X, Chang KJ, Chen H, Li H, Huang Y, Tse E, Sun J, Bu N, Chiou SH, Zhang YF, Hua HY, Ma LY, Huang P, Ge MH, Cao FL, Cheng X, Sun H, Zhou J, Vasliou V, Xu P, Jin J, Bjorklund M, Zhu HH, Hsu CH, Naranmandura H. Hyperthermia Selectively Destabilizes Oncogenic Fusion Proteins. Blood Cancer Discov 2021; 2:388-401. [PMID: 34661159 PMCID: PMC8513904 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-20-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The PML/RARα fusion protein is the oncogenic driver in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Although most APL cases are cured by PML/RARα-targeting therapy, relapse and resistance can occur due to drug-resistant mutations. Here we report that thermal stress destabilizes the PML/RARα protein, including clinically identified drug-resistant mutants. AML1/ETO and TEL/AML1 oncofusions show similar heat shock susceptibility. Mechanistically, mild hyperthermia stimulates aggregation of PML/RARα in complex with nuclear receptor corepressors leading to ubiquitin-mediated degradation via the SIAH2 E3 ligase. Hyperthermia and arsenic therapy destabilize PML/RARα via distinct mechanisms and are synergistic in primary patient samples and in vivo, including three refractory APL cases. Collectively, our results suggest that by taking advantage of a biophysical vulnerability of PML/RARα, thermal therapy may improve prognosis in drug-resistant or otherwise refractory APL. These findings serve as a paradigm for therapeutic targeting of fusion oncoprotein-associated cancers by hyperthermia. SIGNIFICANCE Hyperthermia destabilizes oncofusion proteins including PML/RARα and acts synergistically with standard arsenic therapy in relapsed and refractory APL. The results open up the possibility that heat shock sensitivity may be an easily targetable vulnerability of oncofusion-driven cancers.See related commentary by Wu et al., p. 300.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasen Maimaitiyiming
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Women's Hospital, Institute of Genetics, and Department of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Qian Wang
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yasumitsu Ogra
- Department of Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yinjun Lou
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Clayton A. Smith
- Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapies Center, University of Colorado Hospital, Denver, Colorado
| | - Liaqat Hussain
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ming Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiebo Lin
- Women's Hospital, Institute of Genetics, and Department of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Women's Hospital, Institute of Genetics, and Department of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfang Wang
- Women's Hospital, Institute of Genetics, and Department of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Haiyan Lou
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Zhejiang Province Lishui Municipal Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kao-Jung Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Program in Epigenetics, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University, and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Eric Tse
- Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong and Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Bu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital Department of Medical Research, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Yan Fang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Li Ya Ma
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Hua Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Lin Cao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongzhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Vasilis Vasliou
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University, and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mikael Bjorklund
- Zhejiang University–University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Hu Zhu
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chih-Hung Hsu
- Women's Hospital, Institute of Genetics, and Department of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Naranmandura
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alajem A, Roth H, Ratgauzer S, Bavli D, Motzik A, Lahav S, Peled I, Ram O. DNA methylation patterns expose variations in enhancer-chromatin modifications during embryonic stem cell differentiation. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009498. [PMID: 33844685 PMCID: PMC8062104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, cellular identity is defined through strict regulation of chromatin modifications and DNA methylation that control gene expression. Methylation of cytosines at CpG sites in the genome is mainly associated with suppression; however, the reason for enhancer-specific methylation is not fully understood. We used sequential ChIP-bisulfite-sequencing for H3K4me1 and H3K27ac histone marks. By collecting data from the same genomic region, we identified enhancers differentially methylated between these two marks. We observed a global gain of CpG methylation primarily in H3K4me1-marked nucleosomes during mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation. This gain occurred largely in enhancer regions that regulate genes critical for differentiation. The higher levels of DNA methylation in H3K4me1- versus H3K27ac-marked enhancers, despite it being the same genomic region, indicates cellular heterogeneity of enhancer states. Analysis of single-cell RNA-seq profiles demonstrated that this heterogeneity correlates with gene expression during differentiation. Furthermore, heterogeneity of enhancer methylation correlates with transcription start site methylation. Our results provide insights into enhancer-based functional variation in complex biological systems. Cellular dynamics are underlined by numerous regulatory layers. The regulatory mechanism of interest in this work are enhancers. Enhancers are regulatory regions responsible, mainly, for increasing the possibility of transcription of a certain gene. Enhancers are marked by two distinct chemical groups-H3K4me1 and H3K27ac on the tail of histones. Histones are the proteins responsible for DNA packaging into condensed chromatin structure. In contrast, DNA methylation is a chemical modification often found on enhancers, and is traditionally associated with repression. A long-debated question revolves around the functional relevance of DNA methylation in the context of enhancers. Here, we combined the two regulatory layers, histone marks and DNA methylation, to a single measurement that can highlight DNA methylation separately on each histone mark but at the same genomic region. When isolated with H3K4me1, enhancers showed higher levels of methylation compared to H3K27ac. As we measured the same genomic locations, we show that differences of DNA methylation between these marks can only be explained by cellular heterogeneity. We also demonstrated that these enhancers tend to play roles in stem cell differentiation and expression levels of the genes they control correlate with cell-to-cell variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Alajem
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hava Roth
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sofia Ratgauzer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Danny Bavli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alex Motzik
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shlomtzion Lahav
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itay Peled
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oren Ram
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guijarro-Hernández A, Vizmanos JL. A Broad Overview of Signaling in Ph-Negative Classic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050984. [PMID: 33652860 PMCID: PMC7956519 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is growing evidence that Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms are disorders in which multiple signaling pathways are significantly disturbed. The heterogeneous phenotypes observed among patients have highlighted the importance of having a comprehensive knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind these diseases. This review aims to show a broad overview of the signaling involved in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and other processes that can modify them, which could be helpful to better understand these diseases and develop more effective targeted treatments. Abstract Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF)) are infrequent blood cancers characterized by signaling aberrations. Shortly after the discovery of the somatic mutations in JAK2, MPL, and CALR that cause these diseases, researchers extensively studied the aberrant functions of their mutant products. In all three cases, the main pathogenic mechanism appears to be the constitutive activation of JAK2/STAT signaling and JAK2-related pathways (MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT). However, some other non-canonical aberrant mechanisms derived from mutant JAK2 and CALR have also been described. Moreover, additional somatic mutations have been identified in other genes that affect epigenetic regulation, tumor suppression, transcription regulation, splicing and other signaling pathways, leading to the modification of some disease features and adding a layer of complexity to their molecular pathogenesis. All of these factors have highlighted the wide variety of cellular processes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of MPNs. This review presents an overview of the complex signaling behind these diseases which could explain, at least in part, their phenotypic heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Guijarro-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - José Luis Vizmanos
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin Y, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang S. Clinical characteristics and prognostic study of adult acute myeloid leukemia patients with ASXL1 mutations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 25:446-456. [PMID: 33250015 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2020.1847801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: A total of 156 adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients were enrolled in this study to explore the clinical characteristics and prognostic impact of ASXL1 mutations. Methods: Clinical characteristics, prognostic impact and the association between ASXL1 mutations and some other mutations were analyzed. Results: We found ASXL1 mutations were most frequently found in M5 subtype and intermediate risk karyotype and were correlated with TET2, DNMT3A and PHF6 mutations. A total of 145 patients were included in prognostic analysis; results showed ASXL1 mutations had no impact on OS and DFS. In normal karyotype-AML (CN-AML) and older (≥60 years) AML, ASXL1 mutations showed adverse impact on OS (P = 0.022; p = 0.019, respectively) and showed adverse prognostic tendency on DFS (p = 0.173; p = 0.108, respectively). ASXL1 mutations were also independent unfavourable prognostic factors for OS on CN-AML and older (≥60 years) AML patients and unfavourable factors for DFS on older (≥60 years) AML in multivariate analysis. Results also indicated that though ASXL1 mutations were associated with TET2, DNMT3A and PHF6 mutations, when coinciding with ASXL1 mutations, the prognosis of AML was not significantly impacted. Discussion: The reliability of our results need to be further confirmed by prospective randomized controlled studies covering a large numbers of AML patients. Conclusion: The results showed ASXL1 mutations may act as a poor prognostic index especially in elder AML and CN-AML patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lin
- Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zechuan Wang
- Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Wang
- Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyuan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Juhlin CC, Asa SL, Jatta K, Naserhojati Rodsari H, Shabo I, Haglund F, Delahunt B, Samaratunga H, Egevad L, Höög A, Zedenius J. Perithyroidal Salivary Gland Acinic Cell Carcinoma: Morphological and Molecular Attributes of a Unique Lesion. Head Neck Pathol 2020; 15:628-637. [PMID: 32519264 PMCID: PMC8134583 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rarely, salivary gland tumors such as mucoepidermoid carcinoma, mammary analogue secretory carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma arise as primary tumors from ectopic or metaplastic salivary gland tissue adjacent to or within the thyroid gland. We report for the first time a case of primary salivary acinic cell carcinoma (AcCC) adjacent to the thyroid gland in a 71-year-old female patient with Crohns disease and a previous history of malignant melanoma. Following the development of a nodule adjacent to the left thyroid lobe, a fine-needle aspiration biopsy was reported as consistent with a follicular lesion of undetermined significance (Bethesda III). A left-sided hemithyroidectomy was performed. A circumscribed lesion measuring 33 mm was noted adjacent to the thyroid and trapping parathyroid, it was composed of solid nests and glands with microcystic and follicular patterns. The tumor was negative for thyroid, parathyroid and paraganglioma markers, but positive for pan-cytokeratins, CK7, CD10, CD117, androgen receptor and HNF-beta. A metastasis of a thyroid-like renal cell carcinoma was suspected but ruled out, and the patient had no evident lesions on extensive radiology of the urogenital, pulmonary and GI tracts. Based on the morphology, a diagnosis of AcCC was suggested, and confirmed with DOG1 and PAS-diastase staining. Molecular analyses pinpointed a constitutional ASXL1 variant of uncertain significance, but no fusion events. The patient had no radiological or clinical evidence of parotid, submandibular or sublingual tumors postoperatively, and the excised lesion was therefore assumed to be a primary tumor. We here detail the morphological and immunophenotypic profile of this previously undescribed perithyroidal tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Christofer Juhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sylvia L Asa
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenbugul Jatta
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ivan Shabo
- Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Felix Haglund
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Hemamali Samaratunga
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lars Egevad
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Höög
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Zedenius
- Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim JW, Yang JH, Kim EJ. SIRT1 and AROS suppress doxorubicin-induced apoptosis via inhibition of GSK3β activity in neuroblastoma cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2020; 24:53-59. [PMID: 32158616 PMCID: PMC7048222 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2020.1726461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT1, the best-characterized member of the sirtuin family of deacetylases, is involved in cancer, apoptosis, inflammation, and metabolism. Active regulator of SIRT1 (AROS) was the first identified direct regulator of SIRT1. An increasing number of reports have indicated that SIRT1 plays an important role in controlling brain tumors. Here, we demonstrated that depletion of SIRT1 and AROS increases doxorubicin-mediated apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) promoted doxorubicin-mediated apoptosis, but this effect was abolished by overexpression of SIRT1 and AROS. Interestingly, SIRT1 and AROS interacted with GSK3β and increased inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β on Ser9. Finally, we determined that AROS cooperates with SIRT1 to suppress GSK3β acetylation. Taken together, our results suggest that SIRT1 and AROS inhibit GSK3β activity and provide additional insight into drug resistance in the treatment of neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Woo Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Natarajan P, Jaiswal S, Kathiresan S. Clonal Hematopoiesis: Somatic Mutations in Blood Cells and Atherosclerosis. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 11:e001926. [PMID: 29987111 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.118.001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The most important prognostic factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is age, independent of all other recognized risk factors. Recently, exome sequence analyses showed that somatic mutations in blood cells, a process termed clonal hematopoiesis, are common and increase in prevalence with age, with at least 1 in 10 adults older than 70 years affected. Carriers of clonal hematopoiesis have been shown to be not only at heightened risk for hematologic malignancy but also at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Here, we review the prior literature of clonal selection and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells and the evidence supporting its causal association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Natarajan
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (P.N., S.K.). .,Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (P.N., S.K.).,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.N., S.K.)
| | - Siddhartha Jaiswal
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (P.N., S.K.).,Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (P.N., S.K.).,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.N., S.K.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bewersdorf JP, Ardasheva A, Podoltsev NA, Singh A, Biancon G, Halene S, Zeidan AM. From clonal hematopoiesis to myeloid leukemia and what happens in between: Will improved understanding lead to new therapeutic and preventive opportunities? Blood Rev 2019; 37:100587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
15
|
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis is a common, age-related process in which a somatically mutated hematopoietic precursor gives rise to a genetically distinct subpopulation in the blood. This phenomenon has been observed in populations across the globe and, while virtually non-existent in children is estimated to affect >10% of the 70-and-older age group. The mutations are thought to occur in stem cells, which makes them pre-cancerous, and precursors to cancer stem cells. Many of the genes most commonly mutated in clonal hematopoiesis are also recurrently mutated in leukemia, genes such as DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, JAK2, and TP53. However, between 40% and 60% of cases arise from the accumulation of what appear to be random mutations outside of known driver genes. Clonal hematopoiesis is frequently present in otherwise healthy individuals and may persist for many years. Though largely asymptomatic, carrying these somatic mutations confers a small but significantly increased risk of leukemic transformation, affecting 0.5-1% carriers per year; although most genes confer an increased risk of transformation, mutations in TP53 and U2AF1 appear to carry a particularly high risk for transformation. Additionally, a patient's history of prior treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiation are correlated with the development of clonal hematopoiesis; in the setting of chemotherapy treatment of solid tumors, hematopoietic mutations in TP53 and PPM1D appear to contribute to outgrowth of clones that may lead to subsequent malignancy. The presence of a clone also imparts a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease, which in some cases appears to be due to increased inflammation and atherosclerosis. Clonal hematopoiesis is correlated with several other diseases as well, including diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, and aplastic anemia, with other associations probably yet to be uncovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Silver
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Siddhartha Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
PRR14L mutations are associated with chromosome 22 acquired uniparental disomy, age-related clonal hematopoiesis and myeloid neoplasia. Leukemia 2018; 33:1184-1194. [PMID: 30573780 PMCID: PMC6451636 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acquired uniparental disomy (aUPD, also known as copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity) is a common feature of cancer cells and characterized by extended tracts of somatically-acquired homozygosity without any concurrent loss or gain of genetic material. The presumed genetic targets of many regions of aUPD remain unknown. Here we describe the association of chromosome 22 aUPD with mutations that delete the C-terminus of PRR14L in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), related myeloid neoplasms and age-related clonal hematopoiesis (ARCH). Myeloid panel analysis identified a median of 3 additional mutated genes (range 1-6) in cases with a myeloid neoplasm (n=8), but no additional mutations in cases with ARCH (n=2) suggesting that mutated PRR14L alone may be sufficient to drive clonality. PRR14L has very limited homology to other proteins and its function is unknown. ShRNA knockdown of PRR14L in human CD34+ cells followed by in vitro growth and differentiation assays showed an increase in monocytes and decrease in neutrophils consistent, with a CMML-like phenotype. RNA-Seq and cellular localization studies suggest a role for PRR14L in cell division. PRR14L is thus a novel, biallelically mutated gene and potential founding abnormality in myeloid neoplasms.
Collapse
|
17
|
An S, Park UH, Moon S, Kang M, Youn H, Hwang JT, Kim EJ, Um SJ. Asxl1 ablation in mouse embryonic stem cells impairs neural differentiation without affecting self-renewal. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:907-913. [PMID: 30545639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Additional sex comb-like1 (Asxl1) is known as a chromatin modulator that plays dual functions in transcriptional regulation depending on the cell type. Recent studies using Asxl1 knockout mice revealed that Asxl1 is important for the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, and the development of organs. Although we previously reported Asxl1 as a Sox2 target gene, its function in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains largely unknown. For this purpose, we isolated ESCs from the blastocyst inner cell mass of Asxl1-/- mice. Asxl1 deficiency in ESCs exhibited no effect on cell proliferation, expression of core pluripotent transcription factors, or alkaline phosphatase activity, suggesting dispensability of Asxl1 for self-renewal of ESCs. By contrast, the differentiation of Asxl1-/- ESCs was significantly affected as shown by size reductions of embryoid bodies accompanied with apoptosis, aberrant expression of differentiation genes, downregulation of bivalent neurogenesis genes, and abnormal axon formation in neurons. Overall, our findings indicated that Asxl1 played a critical role in regulating genes associated with neural differentiation without affecting self-renewal of mouse ESCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SoJung An
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Ui-Hyun Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Seungtae Moon
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Myengmo Kang
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyesook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 55365, South Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Um
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Moon S, Im SK, Kim N, Youn H, Park UH, Kim JY, Kim AR, An SJ, Kim JH, Sun W, Hwang JT, Kim EJ, Um SJ. Asxl1 exerts an antiproliferative effect on mouse lung maturation via epigenetic repression of the E2f1-Nmyc axis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1118. [PMID: 30389914 PMCID: PMC6215009 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) has been extensively described in hematologic malignancies, little is known about the molecular role of ASXL1 in organ development. Here, we show that Asxl1 ablation in mice results in postnatal lethality due to cyanosis, a respiratory failure. This lung defect is likely caused by higher proliferative potential and reduced expression of surfactant proteins, leading to reduced air space and defective lung maturation. By microarray analysis, we identified E2F1-responsive genes, including Nmyc, as targets repressed by Asxl1. Nmyc and Asxl1 are reciprocally expressed during the fetal development of normal mouse lungs, whereas Nmyc downregulation is impaired in Asxl1-deficient lungs. Together with E2F1 and ASXL1, host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), purified as an Asxl1-bound protein, is recruited to the E2F1-binding site of the Nmyc promoter. The interaction occurs between the C-terminal region of Asxl1 and the N-terminal Kelch domain of HCF-1. Trimethylation (me3) of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) is enriched in the Nmyc promoter upon Asxl1 overexpression, whereas it is downregulated in Asxl1-deleted lung and -depleted A549 cells, similar to H3K9me3, another repressive histone marker. Overall, these findings suggest that Asxl1 modulates proliferation of lung epithelial cells via the epigenetic repression of Nmyc expression, deficiency of which may cause hyperplasia, leading to dyspnea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungtae Moon
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Sun-Kyoung Im
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Korea
| | - Nackhyoung Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Hyesook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Ui-Hyun Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - A-Reum Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - So-Jung An
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- School of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Korea Food Research Institute, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 55365, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Chungnam, 31116, Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Um
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Daou S, Barbour H, Ahmed O, Masclef L, Baril C, Sen Nkwe N, Tchelougou D, Uriarte M, Bonneil E, Ceccarelli D, Mashtalir N, Tanji M, Masson JY, Thibault P, Sicheri F, Yang H, Carbone M, Therrien M, Affar EB. Monoubiquitination of ASXLs controls the deubiquitinase activity of the tumor suppressor BAP1. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4385. [PMID: 30349006 PMCID: PMC6197237 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor and deubiquitinase (DUB) BAP1 and its Drosophila ortholog Calypso assemble DUB complexes with the transcription regulators Additional sex combs-like (ASXL1, ASXL2, ASXL3) and Asx respectively. ASXLs and Asx use their DEUBiquitinase ADaptor (DEUBAD) domain to stimulate BAP1/Calypso DUB activity. Here we report that monoubiquitination of the DEUBAD is a general feature of ASXLs and Asx. BAP1 promotes DEUBAD monoubiquitination resulting in an increased stability of ASXL2, which in turn stimulates BAP1 DUB activity. ASXL2 monoubiquitination is directly catalyzed by UBE2E family of Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and regulates mammalian cell proliferation. Remarkably, Calypso also regulates Asx monoubiquitination and transgenic flies expressing monoubiquitination-defective Asx mutant exhibit developmental defects. Finally, the protein levels of ASXL2, BAP1 and UBE2E enzymes are highly correlated in mesothelioma tumors suggesting the importance of this signaling axis for tumor suppression. We propose that monoubiquitination orchestrates a molecular symbiosis relationship between ASXLs and BAP1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salima Daou
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Haithem Barbour
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Oumaima Ahmed
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Louis Masclef
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Caroline Baril
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Nadine Sen Nkwe
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Daméhan Tchelougou
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Maxime Uriarte
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Eric Bonneil
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Laboratory of Proteomics and Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Derek Ceccarelli
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Nazar Mashtalir
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mika Tanji
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- CHU de Quebec Research Center (Oncology Axis), Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Quebec, PQ, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Laboratory of Proteomics and Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Frank Sicheri
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Haining Yang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Michele Carbone
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Marc Therrien
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada. .,Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - El Bachir Affar
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Maric I, Sun X. Advances in diagnosis of mastocytosis and hypereosinophilic syndrome ☆. Semin Hematol 2018; 56:22-29. [PMID: 30573041 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mastocytosis and hypereosinophilic syndrome is very rare neoplastic hematopoietic diseases. Mastocytosis is characterized by expansion and accumulation of clonal tissue mast cells in skin and/or various internal organs, while hypereosinophilic syndrome manifests with an increased number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood and tissue damage. These diseases represent a diagnostic challenge, since they can have overlapping clinical and pathologic features. Recently, great advances in the molecular and immunophenotypic diagnosis of these two entities were achieved, contributing to the new World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The WHO classification of myeloid neoplasms has been revised in 2016 by adding several new entities and refinement of the 2008 WHO classification, in an attempt to incorporate up-to-date clinical, prognostic, morphologic, and molecular genetics data that emerged since 2008. Here we overview the recent advances in disease diagnosis, with a focus on the updated WHO classification, refined diagnostic criteria, and up-to-date molecular findings in these two rare diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Maric
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1508.
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1508
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu ZJ, Zhao X, Banaszak LG, Gutierrez-Rodrigues F, Keyvanfar K, Gao SG, Quinones Raffo D, Kajigaya S, Young NS. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ASXL1 mutations in U937 cells disrupt myeloid differentiation. Int J Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29532865 PMCID: PMC5843401 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) is a well‑known tumor suppressor gene and epigenetic modifier. ASXL1 mutations are frequent in myeloid malignances; these mutations are risk factors for the development of myelodysplasia and also appear as small clones during normal aging. ASXL1 appears to act as an epigenetic regulator of cell survival and myeloid differentiation; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation of cells with ASXL1 mutations are not well defined. Using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease (Cas9) genome editing, heterozygous and homozygous ASXL1 mutations were introduced into human U937 leukemic cells. Comparable cell growth and cell cycle progression were observed between wild-type (WT) and ASXL1-mutated U937 cells. Drug-induced cytotoxicity, as measured by growth inhibition and apoptosis in the presence of the cell-cycle active agent 5-fluorouracil, was variable among the mutated clones but was not significantly different from WT cells. In addition, ASXL1-mutated cells exhibited defects in monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that ASXL1 mutations altered differentiation of U937 cells by disturbing genes involved in myeloid differentiation, including cytochrome B-245 β chain and C-type lectin domain family 5, member A. Dysregulation of numerous gene sets associated with cell death and survival were also observed in ASXL1-mutated cells. These data provide evidence regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms induced by mutated ASXL1 in leukemogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jie Wu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Lauren G Banaszak
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Fernanda Gutierrez-Rodrigues
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Shou-Guo Gao
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Diego Quinones Raffo
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang H, Kurtenbach S, Guo Y, Lohse I, Durante MA, Li J, Li Z, Al-Ali H, Li L, Chen Z, Field MG, Zhang P, Chen S, Yamamoto S, Li Z, Zhou Y, Nimer SD, Harbour JW, Wahlestedt C, Xu M, Yang FC. Gain of function of ASXL1 truncating protein in the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies. Blood 2018; 131:328-341. [PMID: 29113963 PMCID: PMC5774208 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-06-789669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Additional Sex Combs-Like 1 (ASXL1) is mutated at a high frequency in all forms of myeloid malignancies associated with poor prognosis. We generated a Vav1 promoter-driven Flag-Asxl1Y588X transgenic mouse model, Asxl1Y588X Tg, to express a truncated FLAG-ASXL1aa1-587 protein in the hematopoietic system. The Asxl1Y588X Tg mice had an enlarged hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool, shortened survival, and predisposition to a spectrum of myeloid malignancies, thereby recapitulating the characteristics of myeloid malignancy patients with ASXL1 mutations. ATAC- and RNA-sequencing analyses revealed that the ASXL1aa1-587 truncating protein expression results in more open chromatin in cKit+ cells compared with wild-type cells, accompanied by dysregulated expression of genes critical for HSC self-renewal and differentiation. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that ASXL1aa1-587 acquired an interaction with BRD4. An epigenetic drug screening demonstrated a hypersensitivity of Asxl1Y588X Tg bone marrow cells to BET bromodomain inhibitors. This study demonstrates that ASXL1aa1-587 plays a gain-of-function role in promoting myeloid malignancies. Our model provides a powerful platform to test therapeutic approaches of targeting the ASXL1 truncation mutations in myeloid malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | - Ying Guo
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Ines Lohse
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | | | - Jianping Li
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Zhaomin Li
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, and
| | - Lingxiao Li
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - Zizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital and Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Matthew G Field
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute
| | - Peng Zhang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Shi Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Zhuo Li
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital and Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Stephen D Nimer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - J William Harbour
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Feng-Chun Yang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
De Wilde B, Beckers A, Lindner S, Kristina A, De Preter K, Depuydt P, Mestdagh P, Sante T, Lefever S, Hertwig F, Peng Z, Shi LM, Lee S, Vandermarliere E, Martens L, Menten B, Schramm A, Fischer M, Schulte J, Vandesompele J, Speleman F. The mutational landscape of MYCN, Lin28b and ALKF1174L driven murine neuroblastoma mimics human disease. Oncotarget 2017; 9:8334-8349. [PMID: 29492199 PMCID: PMC5823580 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models have proven to be essential tools for unraveling fundamental aspects of cancer biology and for testing novel therapeutic strategies. To optimally serve these goals, it is essential that the mouse model faithfully recapitulates the human disease. Recently, novel mouse models for neuroblastoma have been developed. Here, we report on the further genomic characterization through exome sequencing and DNA copy number analysis of four of the currently available murine neuroblastoma model systems (ALK, Th-MYCN, Dbh-MYCN and Lin28b). The murine tumors revealed a low number of genomic alterations – in keeping with human neuroblastoma - and a positive correlation of the number of genetic lesions with the time to onset of tumor formation was observed. Gene copy number alterations are the hallmark of both murine and human disease and frequently affect syntenic genomic regions. Despite low mutational load, the genes mutated in murine disease were found to be enriched for genes mutated in human disease. Taken together, our study further supports the validity of the tested mouse models for mechanistic and preclinical studies of human neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bram De Wilde
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sven Lindner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Althoff Kristina
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pauline Depuydt
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Mestdagh
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Sante
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steve Lefever
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Falk Hertwig
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Zhiyu Peng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Le-Ming Shi
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Fudan-Zhangjiang Center for Clinical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sangkyun Lee
- Department of Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence Group, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Elien Vandermarliere
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Martens
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Schulte
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jang MJ, Park UH, Kim JW, Choi H, Um SJ, Kim EJ. CACUL1 reciprocally regulates SIRT1 and LSD1 to repress PPARγ and inhibit adipogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:3201. [PMID: 29233982 PMCID: PMC5870580 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is the master regulator of adipocyte differentiation and is closely linked to the development of obesity. Despite great progress in elucidating the transcriptional network of PPARγ, epigenetic regulation of this pathway by histone modification remains elusive. Here, we found that CDK2-associated cullin 1 (CACUL1), identified as a novel SIRT1 interacting protein, directly bound to PPARγ through the co-repressor nuclear receptor (CoRNR) box 2 and repressed the transcriptional activity and adipogenic potential of PPARγ. Upon CACUL1 depletion, less SIRT1 and more LSD1 were recruited to the PPARγ-responsive gene promoter, leading to increased histone H3K9 acetylation, decreased H3K9 methylation, and PPARγ activation during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. These findings were reversed upon fasting or resveratrol treatment. Further, gene expression profiling using RNA sequencing supported the repressive role of CACUL1 in PPARγ activation and fat accumulation. Finally, we confirmed CACUL1 function in human adipose-derived stem cells. Overall, our data suggest that CACUL1 tightly regulates PPARγ signaling through the mutual opposition between SIRT1 and LSD1, providing insight into its potential use for anti-obesity treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jun Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Korea
| | - Ui-Hyun Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Korea
| | - Hanbyeul Choi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Um
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dinan AM, Atkins JF, Firth AE. ASXL gain-of-function truncation mutants: defective and dysregulated forms of a natural ribosomal frameshifting product? Biol Direct 2017; 12:24. [PMID: 29037253 PMCID: PMC5644247 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-017-0195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is a gene expression mechanism which enables the translation of two N-terminally coincident, C-terminally distinct protein products from a single mRNA. Many viruses utilize PRF to control or regulate gene expression, but very few phylogenetically conserved examples are known in vertebrate genes. Additional sex combs-like (ASXL) genes 1 and 2 encode important epigenetic and transcriptional regulatory proteins that control the expression of homeotic genes during key developmental stages. Here we describe an ~150-codon overlapping ORF (termed TF) in ASXL1 and ASXL2 that, with few exceptions, is conserved throughout vertebrates. RESULTS Conservation of the TF ORF, strong suppression of synonymous site variation in the overlap region, and the completely conserved presence of an EH[N/S]Y motif (a known binding site for Host Cell Factor-1, HCF-1, an epigenetic regulatory factor), all indicate that TF is a protein-coding sequence. A highly conserved UCC_UUU_CGU sequence (identical to the known site of +1 ribosomal frameshifting for influenza virus PA-X expression) occurs at the 5' end of the region of enhanced synonymous site conservation in ASXL1. Similarly, a highly conserved RG_GUC_UCU sequence (identical to a known site of -2 ribosomal frameshifting for arterivirus nsp2TF expression) occurs at the 5' end of the region of enhanced synonymous site conservation in ASXL2. CONCLUSIONS Due to a lack of appropriate splice forms, or initiation sites, the most plausible mechanism for translation of the ASXL1 and 2 TF regions is ribosomal frameshifting, resulting in a transframe fusion of the N-terminal half of ASXL1 or 2 to the TF product, termed ASXL-TF. Truncation or frameshift mutants of ASXL are linked to myeloid malignancies and genetic diseases, such as Bohring-Opitz syndrome, likely at least in part as a result of gain-of-function or dominant-negative effects. Our hypothesis now indicates that these disease-associated mutant forms represent overexpressed defective versions of ASXL-TF. REVIEWERS This article was reviewed by Laurence Hurst and Eugene Koonin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Dinan
- Department of Pathology, Division of Virology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - John F Atkins
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, T12 YT57, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Andrew E Firth
- Department of Pathology, Division of Virology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schischlik F, Kralovics R. Mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms - their significance and clinical use. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:961-973. [PMID: 28914569 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1380515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clonal hematologic diseases of the blood such as polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis belong to the BCR-ABL negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN). These diseases are characterized by clonal expansion of hematopoietic precursor cells followed by increased production of differentiated cells of the myeloid lineage. Initiation of clonal hematopoiesis, formation of a clinical phenotype as well as disease progression form part of MPN disease evolution. The disease is driven by acquired somatic mutations in critical pathways such as cytokine signaling, epigenetic regulation, RNA splicing, and transcription factor signaling. Areas covered: The following review aims to provide an overview of the mutational landscape of MPN, the impact of these mutations in MPN pathogenesis as well as their prognostic value. Finally, a summary of how these mutations are being used or could potentially be used for the treatment of MPN patients is presented. Expert commentary: The genetic landscape of MPN patients has been successfully dissected within the past years with the advent of new sequencing technologies. Integrating the genetic information within a clinical setting is already benefitting patients in terms of disease monitoring and prognostic information of disease progression but will be further intensified within the next years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Schischlik
- a CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences , Vienna , Austria
| | - Robert Kralovics
- a CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences , Vienna , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Moon S, Lee YK, Lee SW, Um SJ. Suppressive role of OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation of BAP1 in retinoic acid signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:89-95. [PMID: 28802580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) has been implicated in diverse biological functions, including tumor suppression. However, its regulation via glycosylation and its role in embryonic stem (ES) cells are poorly defined. BAP1 was recently reported to interact with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT). Here, we confirmed the physical interaction and investigated its functional significance. The O-GlcNAcylation of BAP1, which requires OGT, was examined in vivo and in vitro, and was proven using alloxan, an OGT inhibitor. OGT promoted the BAP1-induced repression of retinoic acid (RA)-induced RA receptor (RAR) activation. The repressive activity of BAP1 was relieved by alloxan but exacerbated by PUGNAc, an O-GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibitor. Finally, we addressed the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the RA-induced differentiation of murine ES cells. Alkaline phosphatase staining revealed the cooperation of RA and alloxan for impairing the pluripotency of ES cells. This cooperation was also observed by measuring the size of embryonic bodies and the expression of Sox2, a pluripotency marker. Overall, our data suggest that OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation of BAP1 prefers the maintenance of pluripotency, whereas its inhibition facilitates RA-induced differentiation in ES cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungtae Moon
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology/Institute of Bioscience, BK21 Graduate Program, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Yong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology/Institute of Bioscience, BK21 Graduate Program, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Sang-Wang Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology/Institute of Bioscience, BK21 Graduate Program, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Um
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology/Institute of Bioscience, BK21 Graduate Program, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Asxl1 deficiency in embryonic fibroblasts leads to cellular senescence via impairment of the AKT-E2F pathway and Ezh2 inactivation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5198. [PMID: 28701722 PMCID: PMC5507898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ASXL1 mutations are frequently found in human diseases, including myeloid leukemia, the cell proliferation-associated function of ASXL1 is largely unknown. Here, we explored the molecular mechanism underlying the growth defect found in Asxl1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We found that Asxl1, through amino acids 371 to 655, interacts with the kinase domain of AKT1. In Asxl1-null MEFs, IGF-1 was unable to induce AKT1 phosphorylation and activation; p27Kip1, which forms a ternary complex with ASXL1 and AKT1, therefore remained unphosphorylated. Hypophosphorylated p27Kip1 is able to enter the nucleus, where it prevents the phosphorylation of Rb; this ultimately leads to the down-regulation of E2F target genes as confirmed by microarray analysis. We also found that senescence-associated (SA) genes were upregulated and that SA β-gal staining was increased in Asxl1 -/- MEFs. Further, the treatment of an AKT inhibitor not only stimulated nuclear accumulation of p27Kip1 leading to E2F inactivation, but also promoted senescence. Finally, Asxl1 disruption augmented the expression of p16Ink4a as result of the defect in Asxl1-Ezh2 cooperation. Overall, our study provides the first evidence that Asxl1 both activates the AKT-E2F pathway and cooperates with Ezh2 through direct interactions at early embryonic stages, reflecting that Asxl1 disruption causes cellular senescence.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Elevated expression of preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) has been implicated in disease progression in a variety of cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of PRAME remain largely unexplored. Initially, we observed that PRAME was elevated in proportion to the malignant potential of melanoma cells. From the in silico prediction of PRAME gene structure, we identified the putative myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1) binding sites, which overlap with a CpG-rich region located in the first intron. The transcription factor MZF1 increased PRAME expression via its direct binding to the intron DNA. Upon treatment with a DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycitidine (5-azaC), together with ectopic expression of MZF1, PRAME expression was significantly enhanced at both the protein and mRNA levels. More pronounced MZF1 binding to the PRAME DNA was observed in the presence of 5-azaC. DNA methylation was inversely correlated with PRAME expression in melanoma cells. Finally, we observed that MZF1, like PRAME, promotes the colony-forming ability in melanoma cells. Overall, our findings suggest that MZF1, via stimulation of PRAME expression, may be a potential prognostic and therapeutic target in melanoma.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yamato G, Shiba N, Yoshida K, Shiraishi Y, Hara Y, Ohki K, Okubo J, Okuno H, Chiba K, Tanaka H, Kinoshita A, Moritake H, Kiyokawa N, Tomizawa D, Park MJ, Sotomatsu M, Taga T, Adachi S, Tawa A, Horibe K, Arakawa H, Miyano S, Ogawa S, Hayashi Y. ASXL2 mutations are frequently found in pediatric AML patients with t(8;21)/ RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and associated with a better prognosis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 56:382-393. [PMID: 28063196 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ASXL2 is an epigenetic regulator involved in polycomb repressive complex regulation or recruitment. Clinical features of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with ASXL2 mutations remain unclear. Thus, we investigated frequencies of ASXL1 and ASXL2 mutations, clinical features of patients with these mutations, correlations of these mutations with other genetic alterations including BCOR/BCORL1 and cohesin complex component genes, and prognostic impact of these mutations in 369 pediatric patients with de novo AML (0-17 years). We identified 9 (2.4%) ASXL1 and 17 (4.6%) ASXL2 mutations in 25 patients. These mutations were more common in patients with t(8;21)(q22;q22)/RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (ASXL1, 6/9, 67%, P = 0.02; ASXL2, 10/17, 59%, P = 0.01). Among these 25 patients, 4 (27%) of 15 patients with t(8;21) and 6 (60%) of 10 patients without t(8;21) relapsed. However, most patients with relapse were rescued using stem cell transplantation irrespective of t(8;21). The overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates showed no differences among pediatric AML patients with t(8;21) and ASXL1 or ASXL2 mutations and ASXL wild-type (5-year OS, 75% vs. 100% vs. 91% and 5-year EFS, 67% vs. 80% vs. 67%). In 106 patients with t(8;21) AML, the coexistence of mutations in tyrosine kinase pathways and chromatin modifiers and/or cohesin complex component genes had no effect on prognosis. These results suggest that ASXL1 and ASXL2 mutations play key roles as cooperating mutations that induce leukemogenesis, particularly in pediatric AML patients with t(8;21), and these mutations might be associated with a better prognosis than that reported previously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genki Yamato
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.,Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norio Shiba
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.,Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hara
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.,Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ohki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Okubo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Haruna Okuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kenichi Chiba
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Kinoshita
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Moritake
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kiyokawa
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomizawa
- Division of Leukemia and Lymphoma, Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Myoung-Ja Park
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Manabu Sotomatsu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takashi Taga
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Souichi Adachi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Tawa
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keizo Horibe
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Arakawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Hayashi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan.,Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Aichi, Japan.,Director General, Japanese Red Cross Gunma Blood Center, Gunma, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Molecular Mutations and Their Cooccurrences in Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6962379. [PMID: 28197208 PMCID: PMC5288537 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6962379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) clinically is a disparate disease that requires intensive treatments ranging from chemotherapy alone to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Historically, cytogenetic analysis has been a useful prognostic tool to classify patients into favorable, intermediate, and unfavorable prognostic risk groups. However, the intermediate-risk group, consisting predominantly of cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML), itself exhibits diverse clinical outcomes and requires further characterization to allow for more optimal treatment decision-making. The recent advances in clinical genomics have led to the recategorization of CN-AML into favorable or unfavorable subgroups. The relapsing nature of AML is thought to be due to clonal heterogeneity that includes founder or driver mutations present in the leukemic stem cell population. In this article, we summarize the clinical outcomes of relevant molecular mutations and their cooccurrences in CN-AML, including NPM1, FLT3ITD, DNMT3A, NRAS, TET2, RUNX1, MLLPTD, ASXL1, BCOR, PHF6, CEBPAbiallelic, IDH1, IDH2R140, and IDH2R170, with an emphasis on their relevance to the leukemic stem cell compartment. We have reviewed the available literature and TCGA AML databases (2013) to highlight the potential role of stem cell regulating factor mutations on outcome within newly defined AML molecular subgroups.
Collapse
|
32
|
Li Z, Zhang P, Yan A, Guo Z, Ban Y, Li J, Chen S, Yang H, He Y, Li J, Guo Y, Zhang W, Hajiramezanali E, An H, Fajardo D, Harbour JW, Ruan Y, Nimer SD, Yu P, Chen X, Xu M, Yang FC. ASXL1 interacts with the cohesin complex to maintain chromatid separation and gene expression for normal hematopoiesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601602. [PMID: 28116354 PMCID: PMC5249256 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ASXL1 is frequently mutated in a spectrum of myeloid malignancies with poor prognosis. Loss of Asxl1 leads to myelodysplastic syndrome-like disease in mice; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We report that ASXL1 interacts with the cohesin complex, which has been shown to guide sister chromatid segregation and regulate gene expression. Loss of Asxl1 impairs the cohesin function, as reflected by an impaired telophase chromatid disjunction in hematopoietic cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA sequencing data revealed that ASXL1, RAD21, and SMC1A share 93% of genomic binding sites at promoter regions in Lin-cKit+ (LK) cells. We have shown that loss of Asxl1 reduces the genome binding of RAD21 and SMC1A and alters the expression of ASXL1/cohesin target genes in LK cells. Our study underscores the ASXL1-cohesin interaction as a novel means to maintain normal sister chromatid separation and regulate gene expression in hematopoietic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Li
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Aimin Yan
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Zhengyu Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and TEES-AgriLife Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yuguang Ban
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and TEES-AgriLife Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shi Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Hui Yang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yongzheng He
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jianping Li
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ying Guo
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ehsan Hajiramezanali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and TEES-AgriLife Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Huangda An
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Darlene Fajardo
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - J. William Harbour
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yijun Ruan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Stephen D. Nimer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and TEES-AgriLife Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Feng-Chun Yang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
ASXL1 mutations are found in a spectrum of myeloid malignancies with poor prognosis. Recently, we reported that Asxl1+/− mice develop myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or MDS and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) overlapping diseases (MDS/MPN). Although defective erythroid maturation and anemia are associated with the prognosis of patients with MDS or MDS/MPN, the role of ASXL1 in erythropoiesis remains unclear. Here, we showed that chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) patients with ASXL1 mutations exhibited more severe anemia with a significantly increased proportion of bone marrow (BM) early stage erythroblasts and reduced enucleated erythrocytes compared to CMML patients with WT ASXL1. Knockdown of ASXL1 in cord blood CD34+ cells reduced erythropoiesis and impaired erythrocyte enucleation. Consistently, the BM and spleens of VavCre+;Asxl1f/f (Asxl1∆/∆) mice had less numbers of erythroid progenitors than Asxl1f/f controls. Asxl1∆/∆ mice also had an increased percentage of erythroblasts and a reduced erythrocyte enucleation in their BM compared to littermate controls. Furthermore, Asxl1∆/∆ erythroblasts revealed altered expression of genes involved in erythroid development and homeostasis, which was associated with lower levels of H3K27me3 and H3K4me3. Our study unveils a key role for ASXL1 in erythropoiesis and indicates that ASXL1 loss hinders erythroid development/maturation, which could be of prognostic value for MDS/MPN patients.
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang P, Xing C, Rhodes SD, He Y, Deng K, Li Z, He F, Zhu C, Nguyen L, Zhou Y, Chen S, Mohammad KS, Guise TA, Abdel-Wahab O, Xu M, Wang QF, Yang FC. Loss of Asxl1 Alters Self-Renewal and Cell Fate of Bone Marrow Stromal Cell, Leading to Bohring-Opitz-like Syndrome in Mice. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:914-925. [PMID: 27237378 PMCID: PMC4911496 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo ASXL1 mutations are found in patients with Bohring-Opitz syndrome, a disease with severe developmental defects and early childhood mortality. The underlying pathologic mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using Asxl1-targeted murine models, we found that Asxl1 global loss as well as conditional deletion in osteoblasts and their progenitors led to significant bone loss and a markedly decreased number of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) compared with wild-type littermates. Asxl1−/− BMSCs displayed impaired self-renewal and skewed differentiation, away from osteoblasts and favoring adipocytes. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed altered expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, skeletal development, and morphogenesis. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis showed decreased expression of stem cell self-renewal gene signature, suggesting a role of Asxl1 in regulating the stemness of BMSCs. Importantly, re-introduction of Asxl1 normalized NANOG and OCT4 expression and restored the self-renewal capacity of Asxl1−/− BMSCs. Our study unveils a pivotal role of ASXL1 in the maintenance of BMSC functions and skeletal development. Asxl1 loss impairs BMSC self-renewal and cell fate Asxl1 loss leads to dramatic bone loss Asxl1 loss alters the expression of genes critical for cell fates of BMSCs Re-introducing Asxl1 restores self-renewal and lineage commitment in Asxl1−/− BMSCs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Caihong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Steven D Rhodes
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yongzheng He
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Zhaomin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Fuhong He
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Caiying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital and Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Lihn Nguyen
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital and Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Khalid S Mohammad
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Theresa A Guise
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Qian-Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Feng-Chun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
CACUL1 functions as a negative regulator of androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 376:360-6. [PMID: 27085459 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer (PCa), and thus its regulation is an important tool in PCa therapy. Here, we report that CDK2-associated cullin 1 (CACUL1) directly associates with AR and suppresses AR transcriptional activity. In addition, CACUL1 represses histone demethylase LSD1-mediated AR transactivation by competing with LSD1 for AR binding. Depletion of CACUL1 enhances the LSD1 occupancy of the AR-target promoter, accompanied by decreased accumulation of H3K9me2, a repressive transcriptional marker. CACUL1 and LSD1 oppositely regulate CDX-induced cell death in AR-positive LNCaP and metastatic castrate-resistant LNCaP-LN3 cells. These data suggest that CACUL1 impairs LSD1-mediated activation of AR, thereby implicating it as a potential antitumor target in PCa.
Collapse
|
36
|
Lin Y, Zheng Y, Wang ZC, Wang SY. Prognostic significance of ASXL1 mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: A meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:454-61. [PMID: 27077763 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2015.1106815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although additional sex comb-like 1 (ASXL1) gene mutations have long been reported in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), the prognostic significance has been controversial. Therefore, a meta-analysis to study the impact of ASXL1 mutations on patients with MDS and CMML is useful. METHODS The identified articles were retrieved from some common databases. We extracted hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and leukemic-free survival (LFS) and P-value of some clinical parameters, which compared AXSL1 mutations to those without from the available studies. Each individual HR and P-value was used to calculate the pooled HR and P-value. RESULTS Six studies covering 1689 patients were selected for this meta-analysis. The pooled HRs for OS and LFS were 1.45 (95% confidential interval (CI), 1.24-1.70) and 2.20 (95% CI, 1.53-3.17), respectively. When considering CMML patients alone the HR for OS was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.18-1.90). Additionally, ASXL1 mutations were more frequently found in male (P = 0.008), older (P = 0.019), and patients with lower platelets (P = 0.009) or hemoglobin level (P = 0.0015) and associated with other mutations such as EZH2, IDH1/2, RUNX1, and TET2. DISCUSSION Although our analysis has its limitation, it showed that ASXL1 mutations had significant inferior impact on OS and LFS for French-American-British-defined MDS patients. However, the influence of different types of ASXL1 mutations on patients with MDS still needs illustrating. CONCLUSION ASXL1 mutations were associated with poor prognosis in MDS, which may contribute to risk stratification and prognostic assessment in the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lin
- a Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- a Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , P.R. China
| | - Ze-Chuan Wang
- a Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , P.R. China
| | - Shao-Yuan Wang
- b Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology , Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tan SY, Smeets MF, Chalk AM, Nandurkar H, Walkley CR, Purton LE, Wall M. Insights into myelodysplastic syndromes from current preclinical models. World J Hematol 2016; 5:1-22. [DOI: 10.5315/wjh.v5.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant progress made in our understanding of the molecular genetics of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Using massively parallel sequencing techniques, recurring mutations are identified in up to 80% of MDS cases, including many with a normal karyotype. The differential role of some of these mutations in the initiation and progression of MDS is starting to be elucidated. Engineering candidate genes in mice to model MDS has contributed to recent insights into this complex disease. In this review, we examine currently available mouse models, with detailed discussion of selected models. Finally, we highlight some advances made in our understanding of MDS biology, and conclude with discussions of questions that remain unanswered.
Collapse
|
38
|
Srivastava A, Ritesh KC, Tsan YC, Liao R, Su F, Cao X, Hannibal MC, Keegan CE, Chinnaiyan AM, Martin DM, Bielas SL. De novo dominant ASXL3 mutations alter H2A deubiquitination and transcription in Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:597-608. [PMID: 26647312 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo truncating mutations in Additional sex combs-like 3 (ASXL3) have been identified in individuals with Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome (BRS), characterized by failure to thrive, global developmental delay, feeding problems, hypotonia, dysmorphic features, profound speech delays and intellectual disability. We identified three novel de novo heterozygous truncating variants distributed across ASXL3, outside the original cluster of ASXL3 mutations previously described for BRS. Primary skin fibroblasts established from a BRS patient were used to investigate the functional impact of pathogenic variants. ASXL3 mRNA transcripts from the mutated allele are prone to nonsense-mediated decay, and expression of ASXL3 is reduced. We found that ASXL3 interacts with BAP1, a hydrolase that removes mono-ubiquitin from histone H2A lysine 119 (H2AK119Ub1) as a component of the Polycomb repressive deubiquitination (PR-DUB) complex. A significant increase in H2AK119Ub1 was observed in ASXL3 patient fibroblasts, highlighting an important functional role for ASXL3 in PR-DUB mediated deubiquitination. Transcriptomes of ASXL3 patient and control fibroblasts were compared to investigate the impact of chromatin changes on transcriptional regulation. Out of 564 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ASXL3 patient fibroblasts, 52% were upregulated and 48% downregulated. DEGs were enriched in molecular processes impacting transcriptional regulation, development and proliferation, consistent with the features of BRS. This is the first single gene disorder linked to defects in deubiquitination of H2AK119Ub1 and suggests an important role for dynamic regulation of H2A mono-ubiquitination in transcriptional regulation and the pathophysiology of BRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fengyun Su
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, Departments of Urology, Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and
| | - Xuhong Cao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, Departments of Urology, Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and
| | - Mark C Hannibal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Catherine E Keegan
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, Departments of Urology, Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and
| | - Donna M Martin
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
ASXL2 promotes proliferation of breast cancer cells by linking ERα to histone methylation. Oncogene 2015; 35:3742-52. [PMID: 26640146 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has a pivotal role in breast carcinogenesis by associating with various cellular factors. Selective expression of additional sex comb-like 2 (ASXL2) in ERα-positive breast cancer cells prompted us to investigate its role in chromatin modification required for ERα activation and breast carcinogenesis. Here, we observed that ASXL2 interacts with ligand E2-bound ERα and mediates ERα activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis supports a positive role of ASXL2 at ERα target gene promoters. ASXL2 forms a complex with histone methylation modifiers including LSD1, UTX and MLL2, which all are recruited to the E2-responsive genes via ASXL2 and regulate methylations at histone H3 lysine 4, 9 and 27. The preferential binding of the PHD finger of ASXL2 to the dimethylated H3 lysine 4 may account for its requirement for ERα activation. On ASXL2 depletion, the proliferative potential of MCF7 cells and tumor size of xenograft mice decreased. Together with our finding on the higher ASXL2 expression in ERα-positive patients, we propose that ASXL2 could be a novel prognostic marker in breast cancer.
Collapse
|
40
|
Ziai JM, Siddon AJ. Pathology Consultation on Gene Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 144:539-54. [PMID: 26386075 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp77zfpuqgygwy] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rapidly fatal disease without the use of aggressive chemotherapy regimens. Cytogenetic and molecular studies are commonly used to classify types of AML based on prognosis, as well as to determine therapeutic regimens. METHODS Although there are several AML classifications determined by particular translocations, cytogenetically normal AML represents a molecularly, as well as clinically, heterogeneous group of diseases. Laboratory evaluation of AML will become increasingly important as new mutations with both prognostic and therapeutic implications are being recognized. Moreover, because many patients with AML are being treated more effectively, these mutations may become increasingly useful as markers of minimal residual disease, which can be interpreted in an individualized approach. RESULTS Current laboratory studies of gene mutations in AML include analysis of NPM1, FLT3, CEBPA, and KIT. In addition to these genes, many other genes are emerging as potentially useful in determining patients' prognosis, therapy, and disease course. CONCLUSIONS This article briefly reviews the current most clinically relevant gene mutations and their clinical and immunophenotypic features, prognostic information, and methods used for detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexa J. Siddon
- Departments of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- VA Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Daou S, Hammond-Martel I, Mashtalir N, Barbour H, Gagnon J, Iannantuono NVG, Nkwe NS, Motorina A, Pak H, Yu H, Wurtele H, Milot E, Mallette FA, Carbone M, Affar EB. The BAP1/ASXL2 Histone H2A Deubiquitinase Complex Regulates Cell Proliferation and Is Disrupted in Cancer. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:28643-63. [PMID: 26416890 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.661553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The deubiquitinase (DUB) and tumor suppressor BAP1 catalyzes ubiquitin removal from histone H2A Lys-119 and coordinates cell proliferation, but how BAP1 partners modulate its function remains poorly understood. Here, we report that BAP1 forms two mutually exclusive complexes with the transcriptional regulators ASXL1 and ASXL2, which are necessary for maintaining proper protein levels of this DUB. Conversely, BAP1 is essential for maintaining ASXL2, but not ASXL1, protein stability. Notably, cancer-associated loss of BAP1 expression results in ASXL2 destabilization and hence loss of its function. ASXL1 and ASXL2 use their ASXM domains to interact with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of BAP1, and these interactions are required for ubiquitin binding and H2A deubiquitination. The deubiquitination-promoting effect of ASXM requires intramolecular interactions between catalytic and non-catalytic domains of BAP1, which generate a composite ubiquitin-binding interface (CUBI). Notably, the CUBI engages multiple interactions with ubiquitin involving (i) the ubiquitin carboxyl hydrolase catalytic domain of BAP1, which interacts with the hydrophobic patch of ubiquitin, and (ii) the CTD domain, which interacts with a charged patch of ubiquitin. Significantly, we identified cancer-associated mutations of BAP1 that disrupt the CUBI and notably an in-frame deletion in the CTD that inhibits its interaction with ASXL1/2 and DUB activity and deregulates cell proliferation. Moreover, we demonstrated that BAP1 interaction with ASXL2 regulates cell senescence and that ASXL2 cancer-associated mutations disrupt BAP1 DUB activity. Thus, inactivation of the BAP1/ASXL2 axis might contribute to cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salima Daou
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Ian Hammond-Martel
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Nazar Mashtalir
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Haithem Barbour
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Jessica Gagnon
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Nicholas V G Iannantuono
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Nadine Sen Nkwe
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Alena Motorina
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Helen Pak
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Helen Yu
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Hugo Wurtele
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Eric Milot
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Michele Carbone
- the Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
| | - El Bachir Affar
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Moon S, Um SJ, Kim EJ. Role of Asxl1 in kidney podocyte development via its interaction with Wtip. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:560-6. [PMID: 26385183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Additional sex comb-like (ASXL) family proteins are chromatin factors that function in transcriptional activation and repression. However, the underlying mechanisms and biological implications have not been well established. Here, we identified a LIM domain-containing protein, Wilms tumor 1-interacting protein (WTIP), as an ASXL1-binding partner. Biochemical assays confirmed an interaction between the murine homologs Asxl1 and Wtip. The suppressive role of Wtip in WT1 function and the expression of Wtip in kidney podocytes prompted us to investigate the role of Asxl1 in the kidney using Asxl1-null mice. In homozygous Asxl1(-/-) embryos, defects in kidney size and glomerular podocyte morphology were observed. Furthermore, up-regulation of Wt1/Wtip target genes was observed in the kidneys of Asxl1-null embryos. Overall, these findings implicate Asxl1 in the maintenance of podocyte structure via its association with Wtip and in the regulation of WT1 signaling during early kidney development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungtae Moon
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology/Institute of Bioscience, BK21 Graduate Program, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Um
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology/Institute of Bioscience, BK21 Graduate Program, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, BK21 Graduate Program, Dankook University, Gyeonggi-do 448-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hamadou WS, Abed RE, Besbes S, Bourdon V, Fabre A, Youssef YB, Laatiri MA, Eisinger F, Mari V, Gesta P, Dreyfus H, Bonadona V, Dugast C, Zattara H, Faivre L, Jemni SY, Noguchi T, Khélif A, Sobol H, Soua Z. Familial hematological malignancies: ASXL1 gene investigation. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 18:385-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
44
|
Katoh M. Functional proteomics of the epigenetic regulators ASXL1, ASXL2 and ASXL3: a convergence of proteomics and epigenetics for translational medicine. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:317-28. [PMID: 25835095 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1033409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ASXL1, ASXL2 and ASXL3 are epigenetic scaffolds for BAP1, EZH2, NCOA1, nuclear receptors and WTIP. Here, functional proteomics of the ASXL family members are reviewed with emphasis on mutation spectra, the ASXM2 domain and the plant homeodomain (PHD) finger. Copy number gains of ASXL1 occur in chromosome 20q11.2 duplication syndrome and cervical cancer. Truncation mutations of ASXLs occur in autism, Bohring-Opitz and related syndromes, hematological malignancies and solid tumors, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer and high-grade glioma, which are gain- or loss-of-function mutations. The ASXM2 domain is a binding module for androgen receptor and estrogen receptor α, while the PHD finger is a ligand of WTIP LIM domains and a putative chromatin-binding module. Phylogenetic analyses of 139 human PHD fingers revealed that ASXL PHD fingers cluster with those of BPTF, DIDO, ING1, KDM5A (JARID1A), KMT2E (MLL5), PHF2, PHF8 and PHF23. The cell context-dependent epigenetic code of ASXLs should be deciphered to develop therapeutics for human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center - Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo Ward, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
di Masi A, Leboffe L, De Marinis E, Pagano F, Cicconi L, Rochette-Egly C, Lo-Coco F, Ascenzi P, Nervi C. Retinoic acid receptors: from molecular mechanisms to cancer therapy. Mol Aspects Med 2015; 41:1-115. [PMID: 25543955 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), the major bioactive metabolite of retinol or vitamin A, induces a spectrum of pleiotropic effects in cell growth and differentiation that are relevant for embryonic development and adult physiology. The RA activity is mediated primarily by members of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) subfamily, namely RARα, RARβ and RARγ, which belong to the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of transcription factors. RARs form heterodimers with members of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) subfamily and act as ligand-regulated transcription factors through binding specific RA response elements (RAREs) located in target genes promoters. RARs also have non-genomic effects and activate kinase signaling pathways, which fine-tune the transcription of the RA target genes. The disruption of RA signaling pathways is thought to underlie the etiology of a number of hematological and non-hematological malignancies, including leukemias, skin cancer, head/neck cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, glioblastoma and neuroblastoma. Of note, RA and its derivatives (retinoids) are employed as potential chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agents because of their differentiation, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-oxidant effects. In humans, retinoids reverse premalignant epithelial lesions, induce the differentiation of myeloid normal and leukemic cells, and prevent lung, liver, and breast cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that regulate the RA and retinoid signaling pathways. Moreover, mechanisms through which deregulation of RA signaling pathways ultimately impact on cancer are examined. Finally, the therapeutic effects of retinoids are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, Roma I-00146, Italy
| | - Loris Leboffe
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, Roma I-00146, Italy
| | - Elisabetta De Marinis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina I-04100
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina I-04100
| | - Laura Cicconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Roma I-00133, Italy; Laboratory of Neuro-Oncohematology, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina, 306, Roma I-00142, Italy
| | - Cécile Rochette-Egly
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 964, University of Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, Illkirch Cedex F-67404, France.
| | - Francesco Lo-Coco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Roma I-00133, Italy; Laboratory of Neuro-Oncohematology, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina, 306, Roma I-00142, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, Roma I-00146, Italy.
| | - Clara Nervi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina I-04100.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Repression of LXRα by a novel member of additional sex comb-like family, ASXL3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:479-85. [PMID: 25450400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Among the members of the additional sex comb-like (ASXL) family, ASXL3 remains unexplored. Here, we showed that ASXL3 interacts with HP1α and LSD1, leading to transcriptional repression. We determined that ASXL3 depletion augments the ligand-induced transcriptional activities of LXRα and TRβ, which were repressed by ASXL3 overexpression. The ligand-dependent interactions of ASXL3 with LXRα and TRβ were demonstrated by the GST pull-down and immunoprecipitation analyses. We confirmed that ASXL3 suppresses the expression of LXRα target genes through its recruitment to the LXR-response elements. Finally, we observed that lipid accumulation in Hep3B cells is downregulated upon ASXL3 overexpression but upregulated upon ASXL3 depletion. Overall, our data suggest that ASXL3 is another corepressor of LXRα, promoting to the regulation of lipid homeostasis.
Collapse
|
47
|
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: JAK2 Signaling Pathway as a Central Target for Therapy. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2014; 14 Suppl:S23-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
48
|
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based serum peptidomic approach for renal clear cell carcinoma diagnosis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 100:175-183. [PMID: 25168216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Serum peptidomic approach was applied to investigate the peptidomic signature and discover the clinical biomarkers and biomarker patterns for RCC patients. The holistic orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) based on qualified profile data successfully classified RCC patients from healthy controls, showing 100% sensitivity and specificity. Following critical criteria, several peptides presenting significant differences in serum level were picked out. The unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis on those peptides was performed, showing 100% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity for RCC diagnosis regarding the present samples. Besides, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied on single peptide biomarkers, with four peptides showing excellent predictive power. Among them, IYQLNSKLV and AGISMRSGDSPQD are reported for the first time for cancer detection.
Collapse
|
49
|
Khan FF, Li Y, Balyan A, Wang QT. WTIP interacts with ASXL2 and blocks ASXL2-mediated activation of retinoic acid signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:101-6. [PMID: 25065743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Asx-like (ASXL) family proteins are chromatin factors that play dual roles in transcriptional activation and repression. ASXL2 is highly expressed in the heart and is required for proper heart development and function. Here, we identify a novel ASXL2-binding partner, the LIM domain-containing protein WTIP. Genetic and biochemical assays show a direct interaction between ASXL2 and WTIP. In HeLa cells, ASXL2 enhances retinoic acid-dependent luciferase activity, while WTIP represses it. Furthermore, WTIP blocks ASXL2's stimulatory effect on transcription. In addition, we found that ASXL2 and WTIP are expressed in mouse embryonic epicardial cells, a tissue that is regulated by retinoic acid signaling. Together, these results implicate ASXL2 and WTIP in regulation of retinoic acid signaling during heart development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farida F Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yanyang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Arjun Balyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Q Tian Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bibi S, Langenfeld F, Jeanningros S, Brenet F, Soucie E, Hermine O, Damaj G, Dubreuil P, Arock M. Molecular Defects in Mastocytosis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2014; 34:239-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|