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Minko Essono S, Mvondo MA, Wego MTK, Kemka Nguimatio FX, Momo Tetsatsi AC, Watcho P. Ethanolic extract of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) seeds induced antiestrogenic effects in young female Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 21:175-183. [PMID: 38661065 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ethanol extract of Persea americana seeds was found to inhibit the development of estrogen-dependent conditions in female Wistar rats, suggesting the ability of its secondary metabolites to interact with estrogen receptors (ERs), either as partial agonists or as antagonists. To test this hypothesis, the abovementioned extract was assessed for its ability to mimic and/or antagonize estradiol effects. METHODS Two experiments were conducted in ovariectomized (OVX) rats: (1) animals were treated with estradiol valerate (E2V; 1 mg/kg) or P. americana at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg; (2) animals were treated with E2V alone (0.75 mg/kg) or in combination with P. americana at the abovementioned doses. Treatments were given orally for 3 days and animals were sacrificed for biochemical and histological analyses of the uterus and vagina. RESULTS When administered alone, P. americana did not change the histomorphology of both organs (uterus and vagina). In combination with E2V, P. americana decreased uterine weight [30 % decrease (p<0.001) at 25 mg/kg and 24 % (p<0.01) at 50 mg/kg] and epithelium height (37 % decrease). This was associated with decreased estradiol levels (at least 86 % decrease, p<0.001) in the uterus. Similarly, vagina epithelium height decreased by at least 34 % (p<0.05) when E2V was co-administered with P. americana. CONCLUSIONS The seed extract of P. americana contains ER antagonist secondary metabolites accounting for its ability to inhibit the development of estrogen-dependent conditions in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Alfrede Mvondo
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Watcho
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Gomes VCL, Gilbert BM, Bernal C, Crissman KR, Sones JL. Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors Are Dysregulated at the BPH/5 Mouse Preeclamptic-Like Maternal-Fetal Interface. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:192. [PMID: 38534461 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia, a leading hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, has been proposed to involve an abnormal circulating sex hormone profile and misexpression of placental estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR, respectively). However, existing research is vastly confined to third trimester preeclamptic placentas. Consequently, the placental-uterine molecular crosstalk and the dynamic ER and PR expression pattern in the peri-conception period remain overlooked. Herein, our goal was to use the BPH/5 mouse to elucidate pre-pregnancy and early gestation Er and Pr dynamics in a preeclamptic-like uterus. BPH/5 females display low circulating estrogen concentration during proestrus, followed by early gestation hypoestrogenemia, hyperprogesteronemia, and a spontaneous preeclamptic-like phenotype. Preceding pregnancy, the gene encoding Er alpha (Erα, Esr1) is upregulated in the diestrual BPH/5 uterus. At the peak of decidualization, Esr1, Er beta (Erβ, Esr2), and Pr isoform B (Pr-B) were upregulated in the BPH/5 maternal-fetal interface. At the protein level, BPH/5 females display higher percentage of decidual cells with nuclear Erα expression, as well as Pr downregulation in the decidua, luminal and glandular epithelium. In conclusion, we provide evidence of disrupted sex hormone signaling in the peri-conception period of preeclamptic-like pregnancies, potentially shedding some light onto the intricate role of sex hormone signaling at unexplored timepoints of human preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane C L Gomes
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Bryce M Gilbert
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Carolina Bernal
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kassandra R Crissman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jenny L Sones
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
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Fofie Tedongmo AD, Mvondo MA. Allium ampeloprasum var. Porrum (Alliaceae) Improves Metabolic and Reproductive Disorders Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Wistar Rats. Biochem Res Int 2024; 2024:8364343. [PMID: 38283184 PMCID: PMC10817811 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8364343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
To provide scientific evidence of the efficacy of Allium ampeloprasum against female infertility, the effects of the aqueous extract of the said plant (AE) were evaluated in rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). AE was administered orally to PCOS rats at doses of 192, 384, and 768 mg/kg. The positive control was co-treated with clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg) and metformin (200 mg/kg). Normal and negative controls received distilled water. The vaginal contents of rats were examined daily under a microscope before (7 days) and during treatment. Treatments were administered orally for 15 days, and then, 6 rats from each group were sacrificed for biochemical and histological analyses. The remaining rats were mated with males of proven fertility for 5 days. The daily examination of vaginal smears allowed the evaluation of fertility index. After parturition, additional fertility parameters were determined. Results showed that in PCOS rats, AE decreased body weight (p < 0.001), abdominal fat weight (p < 0.001), serum levels of LH (p < 0.001), testosterone (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.05), and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.01). HDL cholesterol increased and atherogenic indices decreased (p < 0.001). The number of Graafian follicles and corpora lutea increased, while cystic (p < 0.001) and atretic (p < 0.05) follicles decreased. AE also decreased oxidative stress in the ovaries, restored the estrous cycle, induced uterine epithelial cell hypertrophy, and improved fertility. These effects were attributed to phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and anthocyanins present in AE. The overall results justify the traditional use of A. ampeloprasum against female infertility and suggest its potential use as a dietary supplement for PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Alfrede Mvondo
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
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4
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Xu X, Yu H, Zhu S, Li P, Li X, Gao Y, Xiang Y, Zhao G, Simoncini T, Lin H. Mutation of aspartic acid 262 on estrogen receptor abrogates estradiol signaling pathway. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2250881. [PMID: 37647939 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2250881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ERα (estrogen receptor alpha) exerts nuclear genomic actions and membrane-initiated non-genomic effects. The mutation of aspartic acid into alanine in vitro revealed the critical role of aspartic acid 258 (corresponding to mouse amino acid site 262) of ERα for non-nuclear function. Our previous in vitro study revealed that this mutation blocked estrogen's non-genomic effects on vascular endothelial H2S release. Here, we studied the in vivo role of the aspartic acid 262 of ERα in the reproductive system and in the vascular tissue. APPROACH AND RESULTS We generated a mouse model harboring a point mutation of the murine counterpart of this aspartic acid into alanine (ERαD262A). Our results showed that the ERαD262A females are fertile with standard hormonal serum levels, but the uterine development and responded with estrogen and follicular development are disrupted. In line with our previous study, we found that the rapid dilation of the aorta was abrogated in ERαD262A mice. In contrast to the previously reported R264-ERα mice, the classical estrogen genomic effector SP1/NOS3/AP1 and the nongenomic effectors p-eNOs, p-AKT, and p-ERK were disturbed in the ERαD262A aorta. Besides, the serum H2S concentration was decreased in ERαD262A mice. Together, ERαD262A mice showed compromised both genomic and non-genomic actions in response to E2. CONCLUSIONS These data showed that aspartic acid 262 of ERα are important for both genomic and non-genomic effects of E2. Our data provide a theoretical basis for further selecting an effective non-genomic mouse model and provide a new direction for developing estrogen non-genomic effect inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyan Xu
- Department of Basic Medical Research, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Haowei Yu
- Department of Basic Medical Research, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shuihao Zhu
- Department of Basic Medical Research, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Basic Medical Research, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosa Li
- Department of Basic Medical Research, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yongqi Gao
- Department of Basic Medical Research, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yixiao Xiang
- Department of Basic Medical Research, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Guojun Zhao
- Department of Basic Medical Research, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Tommaso Simoncini
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Huiping Lin
- Department of Basic Medical Research, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Alfradique VAP, Netto DLS, Alves SVP, Machado AF, Novaes CM, Penitente-Filho JM, Machado-Neves M, Lopes MS, Guimarães SEF. The impact of FSH stimulation and age on the ovarian and uterine traits and histomorphometry of prepubertal gilts. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2023; 83:106786. [PMID: 36848729 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2023.106786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of age and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) treatment on the estradiol (E2) plasma concentration, ovarian follicle development, endometrial histomorphometry, and ultrasonographic parameters of the ovaries and uterus in prepubertal gilts. Thirty-five prepubertal gilts were grouped according to age (140 or 160 d), and within each age, gilts were allotted to receive 100 mg of FSH (treated; G140 + FSH [n = 10] and G160 + FSH [n = 7]) or saline solution (control; G140 + control [n = 10] and G160 + control [n = 8]). The total dose of FSH was divided into 6 similar doses administered every 8 h (days 0-2). Before and after FSH treatment, blood sample was collected, and transabdominal scanning of the ovaries and uterus was performed. Twenty-four hours after the last FSH injection, the gilts were slaughtered and their ovaries and uterus were processed for histological and histomorphometric analysis. The histomorphometric parameters of the uterus differed (P < 0.05) between prepubertal gilts at 160 d and 140 d of age. Moreover, changes (P < 0.05) in uterine and ovarian ultrasound images occurred between 140 and 160 d of age. Age and FSH treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) E2 plasma concentrations. Follicle stimulating hormone treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) the early stage of folliculogenesis in the prepubertal gilts; however, the number of early atretic follicles decreased (P < 0.05) after the FSH treatment. Follicle stimulating hormone administration increased (P < 0.05) the number of medium follicles and decreased (P < 0.05) the number of small follicles in 140 and 160 d old gilts. In the endometrium, luminal/glandular epithelium height and glandular diameter increased (P < 0.05) after FSH treatment. Thus, injections of 100 mg of FSH stimulate the endometrium epithelium and induce follicular growth to a medium follicle size without affecting the preantral stages in prepubertal gilts; also, the uterine macroscopic morphometry does not change from 140 to 160 d of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A P Alfradique
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - D L Souza Netto
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - S V P Alves
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - A F Machado
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - C M Novaes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - J M Penitente-Filho
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - M Machado-Neves
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - M S Lopes
- Topigs Norsvin - Brasil, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - S E F Guimarães
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Christensen AO, Li G, Young CH, Snow B, Khan SA, DeVore SB, Edwards S, Bouma GJ, Navratil AM, Cherrington BD, Rothfuss HM. Peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes and citrullinated proteins in female reproductive physiology and associated diseases†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:1395-1410. [PMID: 36087287 PMCID: PMC10248218 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrullination, the post-translational modification of arginine residues, is catalyzed by the four catalytically active peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD or PADI) isozymes and alters charge to affect target protein structure and function. PADs were initially characterized in rodent uteri and, since then, have been described in other female tissues including ovaries, breast, and the lactotrope and gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary gland. In these tissues and cells, estrogen robustly stimulates PAD expression resulting in changes in levels over the course of the female reproductive cycle. The best-characterized targets for PADs are arginine residues in histone tails, which, when citrullinated, alter chromatin structure and gene expression. Methodological advances have allowed for the identification of tissue-specific citrullinomes, which reveal that PADs citrullinate a wide range of enzymes and structural proteins to alter cell function. In contrast to their important physiological roles, PADs and citrullinated proteins are also involved in several female-specific diseases including autoimmune disorders and reproductive cancers. Herein, we review current knowledge regarding PAD expression and function and highlight the role of protein citrullination in both normal female reproductive tissues and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda O Christensen
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Guangyuan Li
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Coleman H Young
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Bryce Snow
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | | | - Stanley B DeVore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Sydney Edwards
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Amy M Navratil
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Brian D Cherrington
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Heather M Rothfuss
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Functional Implications of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors Expression in Adenomyosis, Potential Targets for Endocrinological Therapy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154407. [PMID: 35956024 PMCID: PMC9369051 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenomyosis is a common gynaecological disease associated with the presence of endometrial lesions in the uterine myometrium. Estrogens have been proven to be the crucial hormones driving the growth of adenomyosis. Little is known about the distinct mechanisms of progesterone action in adenomyosis. Hence, in this study, we decided to characterize the expression of all nuclear and membrane estrogen and progesterone receptors. Additionally, as a functional investigation, we monitored prolactin production and cell proliferation after estradiol and progesterone treatments. We confirmed the presence of all nuclear and membrane estrogen and progesterone receptors in adenomyotic lesions at gene and protein levels. The expression of membrane progesterone receptors α and β (mPRα, mPRβ) as well as estrogen receptor β (ERβ) was upregulated in adenomyosis compared to normal myometrium. Estradiol significantly increased adenomyotic cell proliferation. Progesterone and cAMP upregulated prolactin secretion in adenomyosis in the same pattern as in the normal endometrium. In the present study, we showed the functional link between estradiol action and adenomyotic cell proliferation, as well as progesterone and prolactin production. Our findings provide novel insights into the sex steroid receptor expression pattern and potential regulated pathways in adenomyosis, suggesting that all receptors play an important role in adenomyosis pathophysiology.
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Qu Y, Zhang J, Guo S, Zhang L, Qian J, Zhu X, Duan E, Zhang Y. Three-Dimensional Visualization of Mouse Endometrial Remodeling After Superovulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:933852. [PMID: 35846371 PMCID: PMC9284589 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.933852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine status determines pregnancy success. Although it is well known that superovulation operations can disrupt uterine function, our understanding of the morphological changes in the uterine endometrium at the three-dimensional (3D) level is limited. Here, combining the tissue clearing with 3D deep imaging, we reveal an increase in epithelial density and angiogenesis after ovarian stimulation, which is accompanied by a circulating surge in P4 levels. Using an ovariectomized mouse model, we further detected the separate regulatory effects of P4 and E2 on the uterine endometrium, with P4 promoting endothelial cell growth and E2 inducing epithelial proliferation. Additionally, we observed that the effects of E2 can be partially neutralized by P4, and vice versa. By analyzing the 3D uterine imaging, we discovered an interesting phenomenon in which the growing blood vessels closely surround the remodeling uterine epithelium, indicating a close relationship between angiogenesis and epithelial growth. These findings provide new insight into the uterine epithelial changes and angiogenesis at the 3D level, and explain a potential reason for endometrial changes due to the low implantation rate in patients undergoing clinic super-ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcun Qu
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Qian
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xili Zhu
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Enkui Duan
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Zhang,
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Yu K, Huang ZY, Xu XL, Li J, Fu XW, Deng SL. Estrogen Receptor Function: Impact on the Human Endometrium. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:827724. [PMID: 35295981 PMCID: PMC8920307 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.827724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological role of estrogen in the female endometrium is well established. On the basis of responses to steroid hormones (progesterone, androgen, and estrogen), the endometrium is considered to have proliferative and secretory phases. Estrogen can act in the endometrium by interacting with estrogen receptors (ERs) to induce mucosal proliferation during the proliferative phase and progesterone receptor (PR) synthesis, which prepare the endometrium for the secretory phase. Mouse knockout studies have shown that ER expression, including ERα, ERβ, and G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in the endometrium is critical for normal menstrual cycles and subsequent pregnancy. Incorrect expression of ERs can produce many diseases that can cause endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia (EH), and endometrial cancer (EC), which affect numerous women of reproductive age. ERα promotes uterine cell proliferation and is strongly associated with an increased risk of EC, while ERβ has the opposite effects on ERα function. GPER is highly expressed in abnormal EH, but its expression in EC patients is paradoxical. Effective treatments for endometrium-related diseases depend on understanding the physiological function of ERs; however, much less is known about the signaling pathways through which ERs functions in the normal endometrium or in endometrial diseases. Given the important roles of ERs in the endometrium, we reviewed the published literature to elaborate the regulatory role of estrogen and its nuclear and membrane-associated receptors in maintaining the function of endometrium and to provide references for protecting female reproduction. Additionally, the role of drugs such as tamoxifen, raloxifene, fulvestrant and G-15 in the endometrium are also described. Future studies should focus on evaluating new therapeutic strategies that precisely target specific ERs and their related growth factor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Yuan Huang
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xue-Ling Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Long Deng
- National Health Commission of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Regulates Ishikawa Cell Proliferation through the TrkB-ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121645. [PMID: 33302387 PMCID: PMC7762527 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Endometrial regulation is a necessary condition for maintaining normal uterine physiology, which is driven by many growth factors. Growth factors produced in the endometrium are thought to be related to the proliferation of endometrial cells induced by estradiol-17β (E2). In this study, we found that E2 can induce the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in Ishikawa cells (the cells of an endometrial cell line). Furthermore, Ishikawa cells were used in exploring the regulatory role of BDNF in endometrial cells and to clarify the potential mechanism. (2) Methods: Ishikawa cells were treated with different concentrations of BDNF (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ng/mL). The mRNA expression levels of various proliferation-related genes were detected through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of various proliferation-related genes was detected by knocking out BDNF or inhibiting the binding of BDNF to its receptor TrkB. The expression levels of various proliferation-related genes were detected by performing Western blotting on the TrkB-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. (3) Results: Exogenous BDNF promoted the growth of the Ishikawa cells, but the knocking down of BDNF or the inhibition of TrkB reduced their growth. Meanwhile, BDNF enhanced cell viability and increased the expression of proliferation-related genes, including cyclin D1 and cyclin E2. More importantly, the BDNF-induced proliferation of the Ishikawa cells involved the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. (4) Conclusions: The stimulating effect of exogenous E2 on the expression of BDNF in the uterus and the action of BDNF promoted the proliferation of the Ishikawa cells through the TrkB-ERK1/2 signal pathway.
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Leung YK, Biesiada J, Govindarajah V, Ying J, Kendler A, Medvedovic M, Ho SM. Low-Dose Bisphenol A in a Rat Model of Endometrial Cancer: A CLARITY-BPA Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:127005. [PMID: 33296240 PMCID: PMC7725436 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is known to be biologically active in experimental models even at low levels of exposure. However, its impact on endometrial cancer remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether lifelong exposure to different doses of BPA induced uterine abnormalities and molecular changes in a rat model. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 5 doses of BPA [0, 25, 250, 2,500, or 25,000 μ g / kg body weight (BW)/d] or 2 doses of 17 α - ethynylestradiol (EE2) (0.05 and 0.5 μ g / kg BW/d) starting from gestational day 6 up to 1 y old according to the CLARITY-BPA consortium protocol. The BW, uterus weight, and histopathology end points of the uteri were analyzed at postnatal (PND) day 21, 90, and 365. Estrous cycling status was evaluated in PND90 and PND365 rats. Transcriptomic analyses of estrus stage uteri were conducted on PND365 rats. RESULTS Based on the analysis of the combined effects of all testing outcomes (including immunohistological, morphological, and estrous cycle data) in a semiblinded fashion, using statistical models, 25 μ g / kg BW/d BPA [BPA(25)], or 250 μ g / kg BW/d BPA [BPA(250)] exerted effects similar to that of EE2 at 0.5 μ g / kg BW/d in 1-y-old rats. Transcriptome analyses of estrus stage uteri revealed a set of 710 genes shared only between the BPA(25) and BPA(250) groups, with 115 of them predicted to be regulated by estradiol and 57 associated with female cancers. An interesting finding is that the expression of 476 human orthologous genes in this rat BPA signature robustly predicted the overall survival (p = 1.68 × 10 - 5 , hazard ratio = 2.62 ) of endometrial cancer patients. DISCUSSION Lifelong exposure of rats to low-dose BPA at 25 and 250 μ g / kg BW/d altered the estrous cycle and uterine pathology with similarity to EE2. The exposure also disrupted a unique low-dose BPA-gene signature with predictive value for survival outcomes in patients with endometrial cancer. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuet-Kin Leung
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacek Biesiada
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Vinothini Govindarajah
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jun Ying
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ady Kendler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuk-Mei Ho
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Mann SN, Pitel KS, Nelson-Holte MH, Iwaniec UT, Turner RT, Sathiaseelan R, Kirkland JL, Schneider A, Morris KT, Malayannan S, Hawse JR, Stout MB. 17α-Estradiol prevents ovariectomy-mediated obesity and bone loss. Exp Gerontol 2020; 142:111113. [PMID: 33065227 PMCID: PMC8351143 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is a natural physiological process in older women that is associated with reduced estrogen production and results in increased risk for obesity, diabetes, and osteoporosis. 17α-estradiol (17α-E2) treatment in males, but not females, reverses several metabolic conditions associated with advancing age, highlighting sexually dimorphic actions on age-related pathologies. In this study we sought to determine if 17α-E2 could prevent ovariectomy (OVX)-mediated detriments on adiposity and bone parameters in females. Eight-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were subjected to SHAM or OVX surgery and received dietary 17α-E2 during a six-week intervention period. We observed that 17α-E2 prevented OVX-induced increases in body weight and adiposity. Similarly, uterine weight and luminal cell thickness were decreased by OVX and prevented by 17α-E2 treatment. Interestingly, 17α-E2 prevented OVX-induced declines in tibial metaphysis cancellous bone. And similarly, 17α-E2 improved bone density parameters in both tibia and femur cancellous bone, primarily in OVX mice. In contrast, to the effects on cancellous bone, cortical bone parameters were largely unaffected by OVX or 17α-E2. In the non-weight bearing lumbar vertebrae, OVX reduced trabecular thickness but not spacing, while 17α-E2 increased trabecular thickness and reduced spacing. Despite this, 17α-E2 did improve bone volume/tissue volume in lumbar vertebrae. Overall, we found that 17α-E2 prevented OVX-induced increases in adiposity and changes in bone mass and architecture, with minimal effects in SHAM-operated mice. We also observed that 17α-E2 rescued uterine tissue mass and lining morphology to control levels without inducing hypertrophy, suggesting that 17α-E2 could be considered as an adjunct to traditional hormone replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani N Mann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Kevin S Pitel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Molly H Nelson-Holte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Urszula T Iwaniec
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| | - Russell T Turner
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| | - Roshini Sathiaseelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | | | - Augusto Schneider
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Katherine T Morris
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | | | - John R Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Michael B Stout
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Mvondo MA, Mzemdem Tsoplfack FI, Awounfack CF, Njamen D. The leaf aqueous extract of Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv. (Cecropiaceae) improved letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome associated conditions and infertility in female Wistar rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:275. [PMID: 32917200 PMCID: PMC7488433 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv. (Cecropiaceae) is a medicinal plant used to treat female infertility. The aqueous extract of M. arboreus leaves was found to improve the fertility of healthy female Wistar rats. In the present study, we proposed evaluating the effects of such an extract on an animal model of infertility caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in order to bring scientific evidence to the curative action of this plant against female infertility. Methods Following a 21-day administration (gavage) of letrozole (1 mg/kg), animals with PCOS, indicated by overweight and an estrous cycle blocked in the diestrus phase, were co-treated with letrozole (1 mg/kg) and the aqueous extract of M. arboreus leaves at doses of 20, 110 and 200 mg/kg. The positive control received clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg) and metformin (200 mg/kg). The negative control received distilled water. Each group of animals was made up of 10 female rats. Vaginal smear was examined 7 days before and during co-treatments. Co-treatments were orally administered for 30 consecutive days and 5 animals per group were sacrificed thereafter for biochemical and histological analyses. The 5 remaining animals in each group were crossbred with males of proven fertility for 5 consecutive days. The daily examination of vaginal smears allowed evaluating fertility index. Following parturition, gestation rate was calculated. Results The aqueous extract of M. arboreus leaves reversed letrozole effects by decreasing body weight, abdominal fat accumulation, and serum levels of LH and testosterone (p < 0.001). Ovarian dynamic was improved and the number of tertiary, Graafian follicles (p < 0.001) and corpus luteum increased while that of cystic (p < 0.001) and atretic follicles (p < 0.01) decreased. These effects were associated with increased serum levels of estradiol, decreased ovarian oxidative stress, the resumption of the estrous cycle, the hypertrophy of uterine epithelial cells and increased fertility index and gestation rate. Conclusions These results justify at least in part, the traditional use of M. arboreus against female infertility and suggest that this plant could be a promising alternative treatment to improve symptoms associated with different PCOS phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Alfrede Mvondo
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | | | | | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Minko Essono S, Mvondo MA, Ngadjui E, Kemka Nguimatio FX, Watcho P. The Ethanol Extract of Avocado ( Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae)) Seeds Successfully Induces Implant Regression and Restores Ovarian Dynamic in a Rat Model of Endometriosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8521831. [PMID: 32774432 PMCID: PMC7397419 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8521831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease with conventional therapies which do not have desirable effectiveness and possess many side effects. Scientific evidences suggest that medicinal plants with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and/or antiproliferative properties are potential alternatives for the treatment of endometriosis. The ethanol extract of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) seeds was found exhibiting antiproliferative properties in vitro and in vivo. This study therefore is aimed at investigating the effects of such an extract on an experimental model of endometriosis. Endometriosis was induced by grafting uterine fragments onto the peritoneum of female Wistar rats. After checking the success of the transplantation surgery, animals with endometriosis were orally treated with the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds at the doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg. The positive control was treated with letrozole (10 mg/kg) while the negative control received the vehicle. Treatments lasted 7 days and animals were sacrificed thereafter. Endometrial implant volume was determined. Estradiol and progesterone levels were measured in serum samples and endometriosis lesions. The oxidative status of endometriosis lesions was evaluated. Histological analysis of endometriosis lesions, uterus, and ovaries was also performed. Results showed that the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds decreased endometrial implant volume (p < 0.001) and serum levels of estradiol and progesterone (p < 0.01). The levels of estradiol also decreased in endometriosis lesions at doses of 12.5 and 50 mg/kg (p < 0.001). Both malondialdehyde and glutathione levels increased in endometriosis lesions (p < 0.001). The ectopic endometrium height decreased and the number of antral follicles and corpora lutea (p < 0.05) increased while that of luteinized unruptured follicles decreased (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds displayed an antiendometriosis effect suggesting that it could be a potential alternative for the treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Minko Essono
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Marie Alfrede Mvondo
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Esther Ngadjui
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Pierre Watcho
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
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15
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Adlanmerini M, Fébrissy C, Zahreddine R, Vessières E, Buscato M, Solinhac R, Favre J, Anquetil T, Guihot AL, Boudou F, Raymond-Letron I, Chambon P, Gourdy P, Ohlsson C, Laurell H, Fontaine C, Metivier R, Le Romancer M, Henrion D, Arnal JF, Lenfant F. Mutation of Arginine 264 on ERα (Estrogen Receptor Alpha) Selectively Abrogates the Rapid Signaling of Estradiol in the Endothelium Without Altering Fertility. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2143-2158. [PMID: 32640903 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ERα (estrogen receptor alpha) exerts nuclear genomic actions and also rapid membrane-initiated steroid signaling. The mutation of the cysteine 451 into alanine in vivo has recently revealed the key role of this ERα palmitoylation site on some vasculoprotective actions of 17β-estradiol (E2) and fertility. Here, we studied the in vivo role of the arginine 260 of ERα which has also been described to be involved in its E2-induced rapid signaling with PI-3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) as well as G protein in cultured cell lines. Approach and Results: We generated a mouse model harboring a point mutation of the murine counterpart of this arginine into alanine (R264A-ERα). In contrast to the C451A-ERα, the R264A-ERα females are fertile with standard hormonal serum levels and normal control of hypothalamus-pituitary ovarian axis. Although R264A-ERα protein abundance was normal, the well-described membrane ERα-dependent actions of estradiol, such as the rapid dilation of mesenteric arteries and the acceleration of endothelial repair of carotid, were abrogated in R264A-ERα mice. In striking contrast, E2-regulated gene expression was highly preserved in the uterus and the aorta, revealing intact nuclear/genomic actions in response to E2. Consistently, 2 recognized nuclear ERα-dependent actions of E2, namely atheroma prevention and flow-mediated arterial remodeling were totally preserved. CONCLUSIONS These data underline the exquisite role of arginine 264 of ERα for endothelial membrane-initiated steroid signaling effects of E2 but not for nuclear/genomic actions. This provides the first model of fertile mouse with no overt endocrine abnormalities with specific loss-of-function of rapid ERα signaling in vascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Adlanmerini
- From the INSERM-UPS UMR U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (M.A., C.F., R.Z., M.B., R.S., T.A., F.B., P.G., H.L., C.F., J.-F.A., F.L.), Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Chanaelle Fébrissy
- From the INSERM-UPS UMR U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (M.A., C.F., R.Z., M.B., R.S., T.A., F.B., P.G., H.L., C.F., J.-F.A., F.L.), Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Rana Zahreddine
- From the INSERM-UPS UMR U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (M.A., C.F., R.Z., M.B., R.S., T.A., F.B., P.G., H.L., C.F., J.-F.A., F.L.), Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Vessières
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1083, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 46 015, Université d'Angers, France (E.V., J.F., A.-L.G., D.H.)
| | - Mélissa Buscato
- From the INSERM-UPS UMR U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (M.A., C.F., R.Z., M.B., R.S., T.A., F.B., P.G., H.L., C.F., J.-F.A., F.L.), Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Solinhac
- From the INSERM-UPS UMR U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (M.A., C.F., R.Z., M.B., R.S., T.A., F.B., P.G., H.L., C.F., J.-F.A., F.L.), Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Favre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1083, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 46 015, Université d'Angers, France (E.V., J.F., A.-L.G., D.H.)
| | - Typhaine Anquetil
- From the INSERM-UPS UMR U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (M.A., C.F., R.Z., M.B., R.S., T.A., F.B., P.G., H.L., C.F., J.-F.A., F.L.), Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Laure Guihot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1083, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 46 015, Université d'Angers, France (E.V., J.F., A.-L.G., D.H.)
| | - Frederic Boudou
- From the INSERM-UPS UMR U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (M.A., C.F., R.Z., M.B., R.S., T.A., F.B., P.G., H.L., C.F., J.-F.A., F.L.), Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Raymond-Letron
- Institut National Polytechnique, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Service 006 (I.R.-L.), Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Collège de France, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France (P.C.)
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- From the INSERM-UPS UMR U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (M.A., C.F., R.Z., M.B., R.S., T.A., F.B., P.G., H.L., C.F., J.-F.A., F.L.), Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.O.)
| | - Henrik Laurell
- From the INSERM-UPS UMR U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (M.A., C.F., R.Z., M.B., R.S., T.A., F.B., P.G., H.L., C.F., J.-F.A., F.L.), Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- From the INSERM-UPS UMR U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (M.A., C.F., R.Z., M.B., R.S., T.A., F.B., P.G., H.L., C.F., J.-F.A., F.L.), Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaël Metivier
- CNRS, Université de Rennes, IGDR (Institut de Génétique De Rennes) - UMR 6290, France (R.M.)
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, France (M.L.R.)
| | - Daniel Henrion
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1083, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 46 015, Université d'Angers, France (E.V., J.F., A.-L.G., D.H.)
| | - Jean-Francois Arnal
- From the INSERM-UPS UMR U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (M.A., C.F., R.Z., M.B., R.S., T.A., F.B., P.G., H.L., C.F., J.-F.A., F.L.), Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Francoise Lenfant
- From the INSERM-UPS UMR U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (M.A., C.F., R.Z., M.B., R.S., T.A., F.B., P.G., H.L., C.F., J.-F.A., F.L.), Université de Toulouse, France
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Athira VR, Shivanandappa T, Yajurvedi HN. Cyclophosphamide, a cancer chemotherapy drug-induced early onset of reproductive senescence and alterations in reproductive performance and their prevention in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:760-766. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1774773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Retina-Targeted Delivery of 17β-Estradiol by the Topically Applied DHED Prodrug. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050456. [PMID: 32429388 PMCID: PMC7284430 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore retina-targeted delivery of 17β-estradiol (E2), a powerful neuroprotectant, by its bioprecursor prodrug 10β,17β-dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED) administered as eye drops in animal models. Compared to the parent hormone, DHED displayed increased transcorneal flux ex vivo both with and without the presence of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin used as a penetration-enhancing excipient in rat, rabbit, and pig. In vitro, the prodrug also showed facile bioactivation to E2 in the retina but not in the cornea. After topical administration to rats and rabbits, peak DHED-derived E2 concentrations reached 13 ± 5 ng/g and 18 ± 7 ng/g in the retina of female rats and rabbits, respectively. However, the prodrug remained inert in the rest of the body and, therefore, did not cause increase in circulating hormone concentration, as well as wet uterine and anterior pituitary weights as typical markers of E2′s endocrine impact. Altogether, our studies presented here have demonstrated the premise of topical retina-selective estrogen therapy by the DHED prodrug approach for the first time and provide compelling support for further investigation into the full potential of DHED for an efficacious and safe ocular neurotherapy.
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The ethanol extract of avocado [Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae)] seeds reduced the hyperplastic effect of tamoxifen on uterine endometrium without changing its effect on the mammary gland. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bafor EE, Ukpebor F, Elvis-Offiah U, Uchendu A, Omoruyi O, Omogiade GU. Justicia flava Leaves Exert Mild Estrogenic Activity in Mouse Models of Uterotrophic and Reproductive Cycle Investigations. J Med Food 2020; 23:395-408. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Enitome E. Bafor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Faith Ukpebor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Uloma Elvis-Offiah
- Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Adaeze Uchendu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Osemelomen Omoruyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Glory Uyi Omogiade
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
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Coronado MJ, Bruno KA, Blauwet LA, Tschöpe C, Cunningham MW, Pankuweit S, van Linthout S, Jeon ES, McNamara DM, Krejčí J, Bienertová-Vašků J, Douglass EJ, Abston ED, Bucek A, Frisancho JA, Greenaway MS, Hill AR, Schultheiss HP, Cooper LT, Fairweather D. Elevated Sera sST2 Is Associated With Heart Failure in Men ≤50 Years Old With Myocarditis. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e008968. [PMID: 30638108 PMCID: PMC6497352 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.008968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Myocarditis is an important cause of acute and chronic heart failure. Men with myocarditis have worse recovery and an increased need for transplantation compared with women, but the reason for the sex difference remains unclear. Elevated sera soluble (s)ST2 predicts mortality from acute and chronic heart failure, but has not been studied in myocarditis patients. Methods and Results Adults with a diagnosis of clinically suspected myocarditis (n=303, 78% male) were identified according to the 2013 European Society of Cardiology position statement. Sera sST2 levels were examined by ELISA in humans and mice and correlated with heart function according to sex and age. Sera sST2 levels were higher in healthy men (P=8×10−6) and men with myocarditis (P=0.004) compared with women. sST2 levels were elevated in patients with myocarditis and New York Heart Association class III‐IV heart failure (P=0.002), predominantly in men (P=0.0003). Sera sST2 levels were associated with New York Heart Association class in men with myocarditis who were ≤50 years old (r=0.231, P=0.0006), but not in women (r=0.172, P=0.57). Sera sST2 levels were also significantly higher in male mice with myocarditis (P=0.005) where levels were associated with cardiac inflammation. Gonadectomy with hormone replacement showed that testosterone (P<0.001), but not estradiol (P=0.32), increased sera sST2 levels in male mice with myocarditis. Conclusions We show in a well‐characterized subset of heart failure patients with clinically suspected and biopsy‐confirmed myocarditis that elevated sera sST2 is associated with an increased risk of heart failure based on New York Heart Association class in men ≤50 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Coronado
- 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
| | - Katelyn A Bruno
- 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD.,2 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Jacksonville FL
| | - Lori A Blauwet
- 3 Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- 4 Department of Cardiology and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Medicine Campus Virchow Klinikum Charite- Universitaetsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Madeleine W Cunningham
- 5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK
| | - Sabine Pankuweit
- 6 Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Sophie van Linthout
- 4 Department of Cardiology and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Medicine Campus Virchow Klinikum Charite- Universitaetsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | | | | | - Jan Krejčí
- 9 Department of Cardiovascular Diseases St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Julie Bienertová-Vašků
- 10 Department of Pathological Physiology and the Research Center for the Toxic Compounds in the Environment Faculty of Sciences Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Erika J Douglass
- 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD.,2 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Jacksonville FL
| | - Eric D Abston
- 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
| | - Adriana Bucek
- 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
| | - J Augusto Frisancho
- 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
| | - Merci S Greenaway
- 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
| | - Anneliese R Hill
- 2 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Jacksonville FL
| | | | - Leslie T Cooper
- 2 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Jacksonville FL
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD.,2 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Jacksonville FL
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21
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Shetty A, Venkatesh T, Tsutsumi R, Suresh PS. Gene expression changes and promoter methylation with the combined effects of estradiol and leptin in uterine tissue of the ovariectomized mice model of menopause. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:151-168. [PMID: 31602590 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Substantial epidemiological studies have shown an association of obesity with the common gynecological malignancy, endometrial cancer. The relevant interactions and contribution of estradiol and the adipose cytokine, leptin, in endometrial lesions are not completely understood. Suitable animal models to understand the physiological response of uterine tissue to the combined effects of estradiol-leptin are lacking. To investigate the effect of estradiol-leptin crosstalk on gene expression and associated altered pathways, we established an ovariectomized mouse model, treated with 17-β estradiol (0.1 µg/mouse subcutaenously., for every 12 h) and/or recombinant mouse leptin (1 μg/g Bwt intraperitoneally., for every 12 h) for 4 h, 20 h, and 40 h. Gene expressions by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, uterine tissue protein phosphorylation status by western blotting and promoter methylation were analyzed in estradiol, progesterone insufficient animals. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated significantly increased expression of Esr, Igf1, Igfbp3, Vegfr1, and Vegf, and significantly decreased expression of Mmp9 after co-treatment with estradiol and leptin, indicating a common transcriptional network regulated by the treatments. Ovariectomy-induced histomorphological changes were only reversed by estradiol. Methylation-specific PCR, analyzing methylation of CpG sites of Vegfa, Pgr, and Igf1, revealed that transcriptional regulation after hormonal treatments is independent of methylation at the examined CpG sites. Western blot confirmed the increased expression of PSTAT-3 (Ser-727) and PERK1/2 proteins after estradiol + leptin treatment, confirming the estradiol + leptin cross-talk hypothesis. In conclusion, our in vivo studies determined specific gene expression and signaling protein changes, and further unraveled the molecular targets of estradiol + leptin that may perturb endometrial homeostasis and lead to endometrial hyperplasia development in the chronic stimulated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Shetty
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore, Karnataka, 574 199, India
| | - Thejaswini Venkatesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Rie Tsutsumi
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Padmanaban S Suresh
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India.
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22
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Skulska K, Wegrzyn AS, Chelmonska-Soyta A, Chodaczek G. Impact of tissue enzymatic digestion on analysis of immune cells in mouse reproductive mucosa with a focus on γδ T cells. J Immunol Methods 2019; 474:112665. [PMID: 31525366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.112665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal tissues are enriched in γδ T lymphocytes, which maintain epithelial homeostasis, however, the homeostatic mechanisms are still incompletely understood. To elucidate their role in the tissue integrity governance within the female genital mucosa we employed flow cytometry, which is a powerful tool used for the characterization of tissue-resident immune cells, however, often requiring cell release upon tissue enzymatic disaggregation. Here, we analyzed the impact of various proteolytic enzymes in their ability to effectively isolate viable immune cells from the reproductive system of non-pregnant mice. Murine vaginas and uteri were digested using commercially available enzyme blends (liberases) and single enzymes (dispase II and collagenase IV). Among tested enzymes, liberases released the highest number of cells from digested tissues while dispase II and collagenase IV led to a significant decrease in the number of isolated live cells. Also, liberases had only minor detrimental effects on cell viability and detection of CD45, CD3ε, γδ TCR and CD11c positive cells. We found that a single liberase blend called Liberase TL was the most suited for the analysis of γδ T cells in the reproductive tract. By examining two distinct phases of the estrous cycle - estrus and diestrus, characterized by high and low epithelial stratification, respectively, we showed that higher numbers of γδ T lymphocytes were present in the latter cycle phase in vagina and uterus. Interestingly, the diestrus-associated increase in γδ T lymphocyte number was also observed in reproductive tract draining lumbar lymph nodes but not in more distant, inguinal lymph nodes. Our data indicate that enzymes used for reproductive mucosa digestion have profound effects on the cell viability and isolation efficiency, which consequently influence the phenotypic and quantitative analysis of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skulska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland; Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stablowicka 147, Wroclaw 54-066, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka S Wegrzyn
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stablowicka 147, Wroclaw 54-066, Poland.
| | - Anna Chelmonska-Soyta
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Chodaczek
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stablowicka 147, Wroclaw 54-066, Poland.
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23
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Marquardt RM, Kim TH, Shin JH, Jeong JW. Progesterone and Estrogen Signaling in the Endometrium: What Goes Wrong in Endometriosis? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3822. [PMID: 31387263 PMCID: PMC6695957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the healthy endometrium, progesterone and estrogen signaling coordinate in a tightly regulated, dynamic interplay to drive a normal menstrual cycle and promote an embryo-receptive state to allow implantation during the window of receptivity. It is well-established that progesterone and estrogen act primarily through their cognate receptors to set off cascades of signaling pathways and enact large-scale gene expression programs. In endometriosis, when endometrial tissue grows outside the uterine cavity, progesterone and estrogen signaling are disrupted, commonly resulting in progesterone resistance and estrogen dominance. This hormone imbalance leads to heightened inflammation and may also increase the pelvic pain of the disease and decrease endometrial receptivity to embryo implantation. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms governing progesterone and estrogen signaling supporting endometrial function and how they become dysregulated in endometriosis. Understanding how these mechanisms contribute to the pelvic pain and infertility associated with endometriosis will open new avenues of targeted medical therapies to give relief to the millions of women suffering its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Marquardt
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jung-Ho Shin
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul 08318, Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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Regulated expression of Gemin5, Xrn1, Cpeb and Stau1 in the uterus and ovaries after superovulation and the effect of exogenous estradiol and leptin in rodents. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2533-2540. [PMID: 30689188 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Gemin 5, Cpeb, Xrn1, and Stau1 expression in rodent ovaries and uterine tissues is dependent on gonadotropins, steroid hormones, and leptin in the superovulation and ovariectomized mouse models of menopause. Treatment of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin-primed rats with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) significantly induced Stau1 and Gemin 5 messenger RNA expression in rat ovaries. Gemin 5 expression in ovaries was sustained at relatively high levels at 12 h and 24 h post hCG treatment compared to Stau1, suggesting its role in follicle development, ovulation, and luteogenesis in rat ovaries. Induced expression of Stau1 and Gemin 5 in the uterine tissue post hCG treatment at 12 h and 24 h-the duration between ovulation and post-ovulation-suggests their regulation by hCG and/or ovarian steroids, which are required for pregnancy establishment and maintenance. Cpeb expression was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the uterine tissues after combined treatment of estradiol and leptin at 4 h. Further, the significant upregulation of uterine Gemin 5 and Xrn1 by the synergistic activities of leptin and estradiol at 40 h in ovariectomized mice establishes them as targets of cross-talk. Although these are preliminary data, the combination of Gemin 5, Cpeb, Xrn1, and Stau1 transcript alterations in rodent ovaries and uterine tissue displayed in two different experimental models underscore their importance as therapeutic targets for anovulation or in overcoming endometrial homeostasis disturbances during pregnancy due to obesity.
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25
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García-Vargas D, Juárez-Rojas L, Rojas Maya S, Retana-Márquez S. Prenatal stress decreases sperm quality, mature follicles and fertility in rats. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2019; 65:223-235. [PMID: 30689429 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2019.1567870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal stress disrupts reproductive function in females and males. These alterations have primarily been related to maternal corticosteroid fetal programming due to the stress response, affecting the fetus and causing long-lasting effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of prenatal stress on male and female fertility. Dams were exposed to stress by immersion in cold water twice a day for the last week of gestation (days 15-21). In the adulthood, sperm quality, mature follicles, sexual hormones and fertility were assessed in female and male progeny. The results in prenatally stressed females showed lower body weight, longer estrous cycles, lower estradiol and progesterone, and lower number of pups. In prenatally stressed males, lower body weight, increased testicular cell death, as well as decreased testosterone levels, sperm quality, and fertility were observed. Aside from these effects, corticosterone levels in prenatally stressed males and females increased. These results show that prenatal stress can markedly influence infertility in adult female and male progeny. Abbreviations: 3β-HSD: 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; CRH: corticotropin releasing hormone; DEX: dexamethasone; ERα: estrogen receptor alpha; H-E: hematoxylin-eosine; HPA: hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal; KISS: Kisspeptin; ORW: ovarian relative weight; PBS: phosphates; PS: prenatally stressed; PRW: prostatic relative weight; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SRW: seminal relative weight; TdT: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase; TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick-end labelling; TRW: testicular relative weight; URW: uterine relative weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lizbeth Juárez-Rojas
- b Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción , Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , Mexico City , México
| | - Susana Rojas Maya
- c Departamento de Neuroendocrinología de la Conducta Reproductiva, Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , México
| | - Socorro Retana-Márquez
- b Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción , Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , Mexico City , México
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26
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Mikolajewicz K, Chodaczek G. Going deeper: three-dimensional study of γδ T cells in mouse reproductive tract using tissue clearing methods. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 97:104-111. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mikolajewicz
- Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology; Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy; Polish Academy of Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
- Confocal Microscopy Laboratory; PORT Polish Center for Technology Development; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Grzegorz Chodaczek
- Confocal Microscopy Laboratory; PORT Polish Center for Technology Development; Wroclaw Poland
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27
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Hewitt SC, Korach KS. Estrogen Receptors: New Directions in the New Millennium. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:664-675. [PMID: 29901737 PMCID: PMC6173474 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nineteen years have passed since our previous review in this journal in 1999 regarding estrogen receptors. At that time, we described the current assessments of the physiological activities of estrogen and estrogen receptors. Since that time there has been an explosion of progress in our understanding of details of estrogen receptor-mediated processes from the molecular and cellular level to the whole organism. In this review we discuss the basic understanding of estrogen signaling and then elaborate on the progress and current understanding of estrogen receptor actions that have developed using new models and continuing clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia C Hewitt
- Receptor Biology Section, Reproductive and Developmental Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- Receptor Biology Section, Reproductive and Developmental Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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28
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Liang X, Daikoku T, Terakawa J, Ogawa Y, Joshi AR, Ellenson LH, Sun X, Dey SK. The uterine epithelial loss of Pten is inefficient to induce endometrial cancer with intact stromal Pten. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007630. [PMID: 30142194 PMCID: PMC6126871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the tumor suppressor Pten often leads to tumorigenesis in various organs including the uterus. We previously showed that Pten deletion in the mouse uterus using a Pgr-Cre driver (Ptenf/fPgrCre/+) results in rapid development of endometrial carcinoma (EMC) with full penetration. We also reported that Pten deletion in the stroma and myometrium using Amhr2-Cre failed to initiate EMC. Since the Ptenf/fPgrCre/+ uterine epithelium was primarily affected by tumorigenesis despite its loss in both the epithelium and stroma, we wanted to know if Pten deletion in epithelia alone will induce tumorigenesis. We found that mice with uterine epithelial loss of Pten under a Ltf-iCre driver (Ptenf/f/LtfCre/+) develop uterine complex atypical hyperplasia (CAH), but rarely EMC even at 6 months of age. We observed that Ptenf/fPgrCre/+ uteri exhibit a unique population of cytokeratin 5 (CK5) and transformation related protein 63 (p63)-positive epithelial cells; these cells mark stratified epithelia and squamous differentiation. In contrast, Ptenf/fLtfCre/+ hyperplastic epithelia do not undergo stratification, but extensive epithelial cell apoptosis. This increased apoptosis is associated with elevation of TGFβ levels and activation of downstream effectors, SMAD2/3 in the uterine stroma. Our results suggest that stromal PTEN via TGFβ signaling restrains epithelial cell transformation from hyperplasia to carcinoma. In conclusion, this study, using tissue-specific deletion of Pten, highlights the epithelial-mesenchymal cross-talk in the genesis of endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Liang
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Kanazawa University Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Jumpei Terakawa
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Kanazawa University Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuya Ogawa
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ayesha R. Joshi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lora H. Ellenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XS); (SKD)
| | - Sudhansu K. Dey
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XS); (SKD)
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29
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Li Y, Schang G, Wang Y, Zhou X, Levasseur A, Boyer A, Deng CX, Treier M, Boehm U, Boerboom D, Bernard DJ. Conditional Deletion of FOXL2 and SMAD4 in Gonadotropes of Adult Mice Causes Isolated FSH Deficiency. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2641-2655. [PMID: 29800110 PMCID: PMC6692885 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The glycoprotein FSH, a product of pituitary gonadotrope cells, regulates ovarian follicle development in females and spermatogenesis in males. FSH is a heterodimer of the common α gonadotropin subunit and the hormone-specific FSHβ subunit (a product of the Fshb gene). Using a conditional knockout approach (Cre-lox), we previously demonstrated that Fshb expression in mice depends on the transcription factors forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) and SMAD4. Deletion of Foxl2 or Smad4 alone led to FSH deficiency, female subfertility, and oligozoospermia in males. Simultaneous deletion of the two genes yielded a greater suppression of FSH and female sterility. The Cre-driver used previously was first active during embryonic development. Therefore, it is unclear whether FOXL2 and SMAD4 play important roles in the development or adult function of gonadotropes, or both. To address this question, we developed a tamoxifen-inducible Cre-driver line, which enabled Foxl2 and Smad4 gene deletions in gonadotropes of adult mice. After tamoxifen treatment, females with previously demonstrated fertility exhibited profound reductions in FSH levels, arrested ovarian follicle development, and sterility. FSH levels were comparably reduced in males 1 or 2 months after treatment; however, spermatogenesis was unaffected. These data indicate that (1) FOXL2 and SMAD4 are necessary to maintain FSH synthesis in gonadotrope cells of adult mice, (2) FSH is essential for female reproduction but appears to be unnecessary for the maintenance of spermatogenesis in adult male mice, and (3) the inducible Cre-driver line developed here provides a powerful tool to interrogate gene function in gonadotrope cells of adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gauthier Schang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Adrien Levasseur
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Boyer
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Mathias Treier
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin-Buch, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel J Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Correspondence: Daniel J. Bernard, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 1315, Montréal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada. E-mail:
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30
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Gourdy P, Guillaume M, Fontaine C, Adlanmerini M, Montagner A, Laurell H, Lenfant F, Arnal JF. Estrogen receptor subcellular localization and cardiometabolism. Mol Metab 2018; 15:56-69. [PMID: 29807870 PMCID: PMC6066739 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to their crucial role in reproduction, estrogens are key regulators of energy and glucose homeostasis and they also exert several cardiovascular protective effects. These beneficial actions are mainly mediated by estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), which is widely expressed in metabolic and vascular tissues. As a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, ERα was primarily considered as a transcription factor that controls gene expression through the activation of its two activation functions (ERαAF-1 and ERαAF-2). However, besides these nuclear actions, a pool of ERα is localized in the vicinity of the plasma membrane, where it mediates rapid signaling effects called membrane-initiated steroid signals (MISS) that have been well described in vitro, especially in endothelial cells. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of the mechanisms of nuclear vs membrane ERα activation that contribute to the cardiometabolic protection conferred by estrogens. Indeed, new transgenic mouse models (affecting either DNA binding, activation functions or membrane localization), together with the use of novel pharmacological tools that electively activate membrane ERα effects recently allowed to begin to unravel the different modes of ERα signaling in vivo. CONCLUSION Altogether, available data demonstrate the prominent role of ERα nuclear effects, and, more specifically, of ERαAF-2, in the preventive effects of estrogens against obesity, diabetes, and atheroma. However, membrane ERα signaling selectively mediates some of the estrogen endothelial/vascular effects (NO release, reendothelialization) and could also contribute to the regulation of energy balance, insulin sensitivity, and glucose metabolism. Such a dissection of ERα biological functions related to its subcellular localization will help to understand the mechanism of action of "old" ER modulators and to design new ones with an optimized benefit/risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gourdy
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1048/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Maeva Guillaume
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1048/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Service d'Hépatologie et Gastro-Entérologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1048/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Adlanmerini
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1048/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1048/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Henrik Laurell
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1048/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1048/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1048/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Brehm E, Rattan S, Gao L, Flaws JA. Prenatal Exposure to Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Causes Long-Term Transgenerational Effects on Female Reproduction in Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:795-809. [PMID: 29228129 PMCID: PMC5774227 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer in many consumer products. Although DEHP is a known endocrine disruptor, little is known about the effects of DEHP exposure on female reproduction. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that prenatal DEHP exposure affects follicle numbers, estrous cyclicity, and hormone levels in multiple generations of mice. Pregnant CD-1 mice were orally dosed with corn oil (vehicle control) or DEHP (20 and 200 µg/kg/d and 500 and 750 mg/kg/d) from gestational day 11 until birth. The F1 females were mated with untreated males to create the F2 generation, and the F2 females were mated with untreated males to create the F3 generation. At 1 year, ovaries, hormones, and estrous cycles were analyzed in each generation. Prenatal DEHP exposure altered estrous cyclicity (750 mg/kg/d), increased the presence of ovarian cysts (750 mg/kg/d), and decreased total follicle numbers (750 mg/kg/d) in the F1 generation. It also decreased anogenital distance (200 µg/kg/d) and altered follicle numbers (200 µg/kg/d and 500 mg/kg/d) in the F2 generation, and it altered estrous cyclicity (20 and 200 µg/kg/d and 500 and 750 mg/kg/d) and decreased folliculogenesis (200 µg/kg/d and 500 mg/kg/d) in the F3 generation. Further, prenatal DEHP increased estradiol levels (F1 and F3), decreased testosterone levels (F1, F2, and F3), decreased progesterone levels (F2), altered gonadotropin hormone levels (F1 and F3), and decreased inhibin B levels (F1 and F3). Collectively, these data show that prenatal exposure to DEHP has multigenerational and transgenerational effects on female reproduction and it may accelerate reproductive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Brehm
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802
| | - Saniya Rattan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802
| | - Liying Gao
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802
| | - Jodi A. Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802
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Arnal JF, Lenfant F, Metivier R, Flouriot G, Henrion D, Adlanmerini M, Fontaine C, Gourdy P, Chambon P, Katzenellenbogen B, Katzenellenbogen J. Membrane and Nuclear Estrogen Receptor Alpha Actions: From Tissue Specificity to Medical Implications. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1045-1087. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been recognized now for several decades as playing a key role in reproduction and exerting functions in numerous nonreproductive tissues. In this review, we attempt to summarize the in vitro studies that are the basis of our current understanding of the mechanisms of action of ERα as a nuclear receptor and the key roles played by its two activation functions (AFs) in its transcriptional activities. We then depict the consequences of the selective inactivation of these AFs in mouse models, focusing on the prominent roles played by ERα in the reproductive tract and in the vascular system. Evidence has accumulated over the two last decades that ERα is also associated with the plasma membrane and activates non-nuclear signaling from this site. These rapid/nongenomic/membrane-initiated steroid signals (MISS) have been characterized in a variety of cell lines, and in particular in endothelial cells. The development of selective pharmacological tools that specifically activate MISS and the generation of mice expressing an ERα protein impeded for membrane localization have begun to unravel the physiological role of MISS in vivo. Finally, we discuss novel perspectives for the design of tissue-selective ER modulators based on the integration of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of MISS actions of estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Arnal
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Raphaël Metivier
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Gilles Flouriot
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Daniel Henrion
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Marine Adlanmerini
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Pierre Chambon
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Benita Katzenellenbogen
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - John Katzenellenbogen
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
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Anordrin Eliminates Tamoxifen Side Effects without Changing Its Antitumor Activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43940. [PMID: 28266626 PMCID: PMC5339706 DOI: 10.1038/srep43940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is administered for estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancers, but it can induce uterine endometrial cancer and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Importantly, ten years of tamoxifen treatment has greater protective effect against ER+ breast cancer than five years of such treatment. Tamoxifen was also approved by the FDA as a chemopreventive agent for those deemed at high risk for the development of breast cancer. The side effects are of substantial concern because of these extended methods of tamoxifen administration. In this study, we found that anordrin, marketed as an antifertility medicine in China, inhibited tamoxifen-induced endometrial epithelial cell mitosis and NAFLD in mouse uterus and liver as an anti-estrogenic and estrogenic agent, respectively. Additionally, compared with tamoxifen, anordiol, the active metabolite of anordrin, weakly bound to the ligand binding domain of ER-α. Anordrin did not regulate the classic estrogen nuclear pathway; thus, it did not affect the anti-tumor activity of tamoxifen in nude mice. Taken together, these data suggested that anordrin could eliminate the side effects of tamoxifen without affecting its anti-tumor activity.
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Abstract
The hormone estrogen is involved in both female and male reproduction, as well as numerous other biological systems including the neuroendocrine, vascular, skeletal, and immune systems. Therefore, it is also implicated in many different diseases and conditions such as infertility, obesity, osteoporosis, endometriosis, and a variety of cancers. Estrogen works through its two distinct nuclear receptors, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). Various transcriptional regulation mechanisms have been identified as the mode of action for estrogen, mainly the classical mechanism with direct DNA binding but also a nongenomic mode of action and one using tethered or indirect binding. The expression profiles of ERα and ERβ are unique with the primary sites of ERα expression being the uterus and pituitary gland and the main site of ERβ expression being the granulosa cells of the ovary. Mouse models with knockout or mutation of Esr1 and Esr2 have furthered our understanding of the role of each individual receptor plays in physiology. From these studies, it is known that the primary roles for ERα are in the uterus and neuroendocrine system, as female mice lacking ERα are infertile due to impaired ovarian and uterine function, whereas female mice lacking ERβ are subfertile due to ovarian defects. The development of effective therapies for estrogen-related diseases has relied on an understanding of the physiological roles and mechanistic functionalities of ERα and ERβ in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Hamilton
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Sylvia C Hewitt
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Yukitomo Arao
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
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35
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Nuclear and Membrane Actions of Estrogen Receptor Alpha: Contribution to the Regulation of Energy and Glucose Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:401-426. [PMID: 29224105 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been demonstrated to play a key role in reproduction but also to exert numerous functions in nonreproductive tissues. Accordingly, ERα is now recognized as a key regulator of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism and mediates the protective effects of estrogens against obesity and type 2 diabetes. This chapter attempts to summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms of ERα activation and their involvement in the modulation of energy balance and glucose metabolism. We first focus on the experimental studies that constitute the basis of the understanding of ERα as a nuclear receptor and more specifically on the key roles played by its two activation functions (AFs). We depict the consequences of the selective inactivation of these AFs in mouse models, which further underline the prominent role of nuclear ERα in the prevention of obesity and diabetes, as on the reproductive tract and the vascular system. Besides these nuclear actions, a fraction of ERα is associated with the plasma membrane and activates nonnuclear signaling from this site. Such rapid effects, called membrane-initiated steroid signals (MISS), have been characterized in a variety of cell lines and in particular in endothelial cells. The development of selective pharmacological tools that specifically activate MISS as well as the generation of mice expressing an ERα protein impeded for membrane localization has just begun to unravel the physiological role of MISS in vivo and their contribution to ERα-mediated metabolic protection. Finally, we discuss novel perspectives for the design of tissue-selective ER modulators.
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36
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Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a critical player in development and function of the female reproductive system. Perturbations in ERα response can affect wide-ranging aspects of health in humans as well as in livestock and wildlife. Because of its long-known and broad impact, ERα mechanisms of action continue to be the focus on cutting-edge research efforts. Consequently, novel insights have greatly advanced understanding of every aspect of estrogen signaling. In this review, we attempt to briefly outline the current understanding of ERα mediated mechanisms in the context of the female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia C Hewitt
- Receptor Biology GroupReproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USASchool of Molecular BiosciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Wipawee Winuthayanon
- Receptor Biology GroupReproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USASchool of Molecular BiosciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- Receptor Biology GroupReproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USASchool of Molecular BiosciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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Jiang XX, Fei XW, Zhao L, Ye XL, Xin LB, Qu Y, Xu KH, Wu RJ, Lin J. Aquaporin 5 Plays a Role in Estrogen-Induced Ectopic Implantation of Endometrial Stromal Cells in Endometriosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145290. [PMID: 26679484 PMCID: PMC4682985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) participates in the migration of endometrial cells. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms associated with AQP5-mediated, migration of endometrial cells may contribute to a better understanding of endometriosis. Our objectives included identifying the estrogen-response element (ERE) in the promoter region of the AQP5 gene, and, investigating the effects of AQP5 on ectopic implantation of endometrial cells. Luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) identified the ERE-like motif in the promoter region of the AQP5 gene. After blocking and up-regulating estradiol (E2) levels, we analysed the expression of AQP5 in endometrial stromal (ES) cells. After blocking E2 /or phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K), we analysed the role of AQP5 in signaling pathways. We constructed an AQP5, shRNA, lentiviral vector to knock out the AQP5 gene in ES cells. After knock-out of the AQP5 gene, we studied the role of AQP5 in cell invasion, proliferation, and the formation of ectopic endometrial implants in female mice. We identified an estrogen-response element in the promoter region of the AQP5 gene. Estradiol (E2) increased AQP5 expression in a dose-dependent fashion, that was blocked by ICI182,780(an estrogen receptor inhibitor). E2 activated PI3K /protein kinase B(AKT) pathway (PI3K/AKT), that, in turn, increased AQP5 expression. LY294002(PI3K inhibitor) attenuated estrogen-enhanced, AQP5 expression. Knock-out of the AQP5 gene with AQP5 shRNA lentiviral vector significantly inhibited E2-enhanced invasion, proliferation of ES cells and formation of ectopic implants. Estrogen induces AQP5 expression by activating ERE in the promoter region of the AQP5gene, activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, and, promotes endometrial cell invasion and proliferation. These results provide new insights into some of the mechanisms that may underpin the development of deposits of ectopic endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Xiu Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, 310006
| | - Xiang Wei Fei
- Department of Laboratory, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, 310006
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, 310006
| | - Xiao Lei Ye
- Department of Laboratory, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China, 315000
| | - Liao Bin Xin
- Department of Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, 310006
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Laboratory, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, 310006
| | - Kai Hong Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, 310006
- * E-mail: (JL); (RJW); (KHX)
| | - Rui Jin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, 310006
- * E-mail: (JL); (RJW); (KHX)
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, 310006
- * E-mail: (JL); (RJW); (KHX)
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Nakajima T, Tanimoto Y, Tanaka M, Chambon P, Watanabe H, Iguchi T, Sato T. Neonatal Estrogen Receptor β Is Important in the Permanent Inhibition of Epithelial Cell Proliferation in the Mouse Uterus. Endocrinology 2015; 156:3317-28. [PMID: 26020796 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) plays a pivotal role in the mouse uterine and vaginal epithelial cell proliferation stimulated by estrogen, whereas ERβ inhibits cell proliferation. ERβ mRNA is expressed in neonatal uteri and vaginae; however, its functions in neonatal tissues have not been ascertained. In this study, we investigated the ontogenic mRNA expression and localization of ERβ, and its roles in cell proliferation in neonatal uteri and vaginae of ERβ knockout (βERKO) mice. ERβ mRNA and protein were abundant in the uterine and vaginal epithelia of 2-day-old mice and decreased with age. In uterine and vaginal epithelia of 2-day-old βERKO mice, cell proliferation was greater than that in wild-type animals and in uterine epithelia of 90- and 365-day-old βERKO mice. In addition, p27 protein, known as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, was decreased in the uteri of 90- and 365-day-old βERKO mice. Inhibition of neonatal ERs by ICI 182780 (an ER antagonist) treatment stimulated cell proliferation and decreased p27 protein in the uterine luminal epithelium of 90-day-old mice but not in the vaginal epithelium. These results suggest that neonatal ERβ is important in the persistent inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation with accumulation of p27 protein in the mouse uterus. Thus, suppression of ERβ function in the uterine epithelium during the neonatal period may be responsible for a risk for proliferative disease in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaaki Nakajima
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience (T.N., Y.T., T.S.), Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology (T.N.), Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition (M.T.), Junior College of Aizu, Aizu 965-8570, Japan; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Louis Pasteur (P.C.), Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch, France; Graduate School of Engineering (H.W.), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (T.I.), National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience (T.N., Y.T., T.S.), Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology (T.N.), Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition (M.T.), Junior College of Aizu, Aizu 965-8570, Japan; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Louis Pasteur (P.C.), Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch, France; Graduate School of Engineering (H.W.), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (T.I.), National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Masami Tanaka
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience (T.N., Y.T., T.S.), Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology (T.N.), Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition (M.T.), Junior College of Aizu, Aizu 965-8570, Japan; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Louis Pasteur (P.C.), Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch, France; Graduate School of Engineering (H.W.), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (T.I.), National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience (T.N., Y.T., T.S.), Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology (T.N.), Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition (M.T.), Junior College of Aizu, Aizu 965-8570, Japan; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Louis Pasteur (P.C.), Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch, France; Graduate School of Engineering (H.W.), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (T.I.), National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hajime Watanabe
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience (T.N., Y.T., T.S.), Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology (T.N.), Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition (M.T.), Junior College of Aizu, Aizu 965-8570, Japan; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Louis Pasteur (P.C.), Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch, France; Graduate School of Engineering (H.W.), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (T.I.), National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience (T.N., Y.T., T.S.), Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology (T.N.), Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition (M.T.), Junior College of Aizu, Aizu 965-8570, Japan; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Louis Pasteur (P.C.), Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch, France; Graduate School of Engineering (H.W.), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (T.I.), National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience (T.N., Y.T., T.S.), Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology (T.N.), Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition (M.T.), Junior College of Aizu, Aizu 965-8570, Japan; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Louis Pasteur (P.C.), Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch, France; Graduate School of Engineering (H.W.), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (T.I.), National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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Estradiol Preferentially Induces Progestin Receptor-A (PR-A) Over PR-B in Cells Expressing Nuclear Receptor Coactivators in the Female Mouse Hypothalamus. eNeuro 2015; 2:eN-NWR-0012-15. [PMID: 26465008 PMCID: PMC4596027 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0012-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens act in brain to profoundly influence neurogenesis, sexual differentiation, neuroprotection, cognition, energy homeostasis, and female reproductive behavior and physiology through a variety of mechanisms, including the induction of progestin receptors (PRs). PRs are expressed as two isoforms, PR-A and PR-B, that have distinct functions in physiology and behavior. Because these PR isoforms cannot be distinguished using cellular resolution techniques, the present study used isoform-specific null mutant mice that lack PR-A or PR-B for the first time to investigate whether 17β-estradiol benzoate (EB) regulates the differential expression of the PR isoforms in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN), arcuate nucleus, and medial preoptic area, brain regions that are rich in EB-induced PRs. Interestingly, EB induced more PR-A than PR-B in all three brain regions, suggesting that PR-A is the predominant isoform in these regions. Given that steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-1 and SRC-2 are important in estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent transcription in brain, including PR induction, we tested whether the expression of these coactivators was correlated with PR isoform expression. The majority of EB-induced PR cells expressed both SRC-1 and SRC-2 in the three brain regions of all genotypes. Interestingly, the intensity of PR-A immunoreactivity correlated with SRC-2 expression in the VMN, providing a potential mechanism for selective ER-mediated transactivation of PR-A over PR-B in a brain region-specific manner. In summary, these novel findings indicate that estrogens differentially regulate PR-A and PR-B expression in the female hypothalamus, and provide a mechanism by which steroid action in brain can selectively modulate behavior and physiology.
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Shahzad H, Giribabu N, Sekaran M, Salleh N. Quercetin Induces Dose-Dependent Differential Morphological and Proliferative Changes in Rat Uteri in the Presence and in the Absence of Estrogen. J Med Food 2015; 18:1307-16. [PMID: 26135605 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin could have profound effects on uterine morphology and proliferation, which are known to be influenced by estrogen. This study investigated the effect of quercetin on these uterine parameters in the presence and in the absence of estrogen. Ovariectomized adult female rats received peanut oil, quercetin (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day), estrogen, or estrogen+quercetin (10, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day) treatment for 7 consecutive days. At the end of the treatment, uteri were harvested for histological and molecular biological analyses. Distribution of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein in the uterus was observed by immunohistochemistry. Levels of expression of PCNA protein and mRNA in uterine tissue homogenates were determined by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Our findings indicated that administration of 10 mg/kg/day of quercetin either alone or with estrogen resulted in decreased uterine expression of PCNA protein and mRNA with the percentage of PCNA-positive cells in uterine luminal and glandular epithelia markedly reduced compared with estrogen-only treatment. Changes in uterine morphology were the opposite of changes observed following estrogen treatment. Treatment with 100 mg/kg/day of quercetin either alone or with estrogen resulted in elevated PCNA protein and mRNA expression. In addition, the percentages of PCNA-positive cells in the epithelia, which line the lumen and glands, were increased with morphological features mimicking changes that occur following estrogen treatment. Following 50 mg/kg/day quercetin treatment, the changes observed were in between those changes that occur following 10 and 100 mg/kg/day quercetin treatment. In conclusion, changes in uterine morphology and proliferation following 10 mg/kg/day quercetin treatment could be attributed to quercetin's antiestrogenic properties, while changes that occur following 100 mg/kg/day quercetin treatment could be attributed to quercetin's estrogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Shahzad
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nelli Giribabu
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muniandy Sekaran
- 2 Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Naguib Salleh
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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De Marco P, Cirillo F, Vivacqua A, Malaguarnera R, Belfiore A, Maggiolini M. Novel Aspects Concerning the Functional Cross-Talk between the Insulin/IGF-I System and Estrogen Signaling in Cancer Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:30. [PMID: 25798130 PMCID: PMC4351617 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin/IGF system plays an important role in cancer progression. Accordingly, elevated levels of circulating insulin have been associated with an increased cancer risk as well as with aggressive and metastatic cancer phenotypes. Numerous studies have documented that estrogens cooperate with the insulin/IGF system in multiple pathophysiological conditions. The biological responses to estrogens are mainly mediated by the estrogen receptors (ER)α and ERβ, which act as transcription factors; however, several studies have recently demonstrated that a member of the G protein-coupled receptors, named GPR30/G-protein estrogen receptor (GPER), is also involved in the estrogen signaling in normal and malignant cells as well as in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In this regard, novel mechanisms linking the action of estrogens through GPER with the insulin/IGF system have been recently demonstrated. This review recapitulates the relevant aspects of this functional cross-talk between the insulin/IGF and the estrogenic GPER transduction pathways, which occurs in various cell types and may account for cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola De Marco
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Adele Vivacqua
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonino Belfiore, Università degli Studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, Catanzaro 88100, Italy e-mail: ; Marcello Maggiolini, Università della Calabria, via P. Bucci, Rende 87036, Italy e-mail:
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonino Belfiore, Università degli Studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, Catanzaro 88100, Italy e-mail: ; Marcello Maggiolini, Università della Calabria, via P. Bucci, Rende 87036, Italy e-mail:
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Prossnitz ER, Barton M. Estrogen biology: new insights into GPER function and clinical opportunities. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 389:71-83. [PMID: 24530924 PMCID: PMC4040308 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens play an important role in the regulation of normal physiology, aging and many disease states. Although the nuclear estrogen receptors have classically been described to function as ligand-activated transcription factors mediating genomic effects in hormonally regulated tissues, more recent studies reveal that estrogens also mediate rapid signaling events traditionally associated with G protein-coupled receptors. The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER (formerly GPR30) has now become recognized as a major mediator of estrogen's rapid cellular effects throughout the body. With the discovery of selective synthetic ligands for GPER, both agonists and antagonists, as well as the use of GPER knockout mice, significant advances have been made in our understanding of GPER function at the cellular, tissue and organismal levels. In many instances, the protective/beneficial effects of estrogen are mimicked by selective GPER agonism and are absent or reduced in GPER knockout mice, suggesting an essential or at least parallel role for GPER in the actions of estrogen. In this review, we will discuss recent advances and our current understanding of the role of GPER and the activity of clinically used drugs, such as SERMs and SERDs, in physiology and disease. We will also highlight novel opportunities for clinical development towards GPER-targeted therapeutics, for molecular imaging, as well as for theranostic approaches and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Prossnitz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNM Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87120, USA.
| | - Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hewitt SC, Li L, Grimm SA, Winuthayanon W, Hamilton KJ, Pockette B, Rubel CA, Pedersen LC, Fargo D, Lanz RB, DeMayo FJ, Schütz G, Korach KS. Novel DNA motif binding activity observed in vivo with an estrogen receptor α mutant mouse. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:899-911. [PMID: 24713037 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) interacts with DNA directly or indirectly via other transcription factors, referred to as "tethering." Evidence for tethering is based on in vitro studies and a widely used "KIKO" mouse model containing mutations that prevent direct estrogen response element DNA- binding. KIKO mice are infertile, due in part to the inability of estradiol (E2) to induce uterine epithelial proliferation. To elucidate the molecular events that prevent KIKO uterine growth, regulation of the pro-proliferative E2 target gene Klf4 and of Klf15, a progesterone (P4) target gene that opposes the pro-proliferative activity of KLF4, was evaluated. Klf4 induction was impaired in KIKO uteri; however, Klf15 was induced by E2 rather than by P4. Whole uterine chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing revealed enrichment of KIKO ERα binding to hormone response elements (HREs) motifs. KIKO binding to HRE motifs was verified using reporter gene and DNA-binding assays. Because the KIKO ERα has HRE DNA-binding activity, we evaluated the "EAAE" ERα, which has more severe DNA-binding domain mutations, and demonstrated a lack of estrogen response element or HRE reporter gene induction or DNA-binding. The EAAE mouse has an ERα null-like phenotype, with impaired uterine growth and transcriptional activity. Our findings demonstrate that the KIKO mouse model, which has been used by numerous investigators, cannot be used to establish biological functions for ERα tethering, because KIKO ERα effectively stimulates transcription using HRE motifs. The EAAE-ERα DNA-binding domain mutant mouse demonstrates that ERα DNA-binding is crucial for biological and transcriptional processes in reproductive tissues and that ERα tethering may not contribute to estrogen responsiveness in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia C Hewitt
- Receptor Biology (S.C.H., W.W., K.J.H., B.P., K.S.K.), Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Biostatistics Branch (L.L.), Integrative Bioinformatics (S.A.G., D.F.), Laboratory of Structural Biology (L.C.P.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.A.R., R.B.L., F.J.D.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Department of Molecular Biology of the Cell (G.S.), German Cancer Research Center, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
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Ivanova MM, Radde BN, Son J, Mehta FF, Chung SH, Klinge CM. Estradiol and tamoxifen regulate NRF-1 and mitochondrial function in mouse mammary gland and uterus. J Mol Endocrinol 2013; 51:233-46. [PMID: 23892277 PMCID: PMC3772954 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) stimulates the transcription of nuclear-encoded genes that regulate mitochondrial (mt) genome transcription and biogenesis. We reported that estradiol (E2) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) stimulate NRF-1 transcription in an estrogen receptor α (ERα)- and ERβ-dependent manner in human breast cancer cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether E2 and 4-OHT increase NRF-1 in vivo. Here, we report that E2 and 4-OHT increase NRF-1 expression in mammary gland (MG) and uterus of ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice in a time-dependent manner. E2 increased NRF-1 protein in the uterus and MG; however, in MG, 4-OHT increased Nrf1 mRNA but not protein. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed increased in vivo recruitment of ERα to the Nrf1 promoter and intron 3 in MG and uterus 6 h after E2 and 4-OHT treatment, commensurate with increased NRF-1 expression. E2- and 4-OHT-induced increases in NRF-1 and its target genes Tfam, Tfb1m, and Tfb2m were coordinated in MG but not in uterus due to uterine-selective inhibition of the expression of the NRF-1 coactivators Ppargc1a and Ppargc1b by E2 and 4-OHT. E2 transiently increased NRF-1 and PGC-1α nuclear staining while reducing PGC-1α in uterus. E2, not 4-OHT, activates mt biogenesis in MG and uterus in a time-dependent manner. E2 increased mt outer membrane Tomm40 protein levels in MG and uterus whereas 4-OHT increased Tomm40 only in uterus. These data support the hypothesis of tissue-selective regulation of NRF-1 and its downstream targets by E2 and 4-OHT in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita M. Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Brandie N. Radde
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Jieun Son
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204
| | - Fabiola F. Mehta
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204
| | - Sang-Hyuk Chung
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204
| | - Carolyn M. Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292
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Vasquez YM, DeMayo FJ. Role of nuclear receptors in blastocyst implantation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 24:724-35. [PMID: 23994285 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of blastocyst implantation in the uterus is orchestrated by the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone. These hormones act via their nuclear receptors to direct the transcriptional activity of the endometrial compartments and create a defined period in which the uterus is permissive to embryo implantation termed the "window of receptivity". Additional members of the nuclear receptor family have also been described to have a potential role in endometrial function. Much of what we know about the function of these nuclear receptors during implantation we have learned from the use of mouse models. Transgenic murine models with targeted gene ablation have allowed us to identify a complex network of paracrine signaling between the endometrial epithelium and stroma. While some of the critical molecules have been identified, the mechanism underlying the intricate communication between endometrial compartments during the implantation window has not been fully elucidated. Defining this mechanism will help identify markers of a receptive uterine environment, ultimately providing a useful tool to help improve the fertility outlook for reproductively challenged couples. The aim of this review is to outline our current understanding of how nuclear receptors and their effector molecules regulate blastocyst implantation in the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Vasquez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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46
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Ishida M, Mitsui T, Izawa M, Arita J. Activation of D2 dopamine receptors inhibits estrogen response element-mediated estrogen receptor transactivation in rat pituitary lactotrophs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 375:58-67. [PMID: 23701824 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and dopamine are major opposing regulators of the endocrine functions of pituitary lactotrophs. Dopamine inhibits estrogen-induced changes in the synthesis and secretion of prolactin, and lactotroph proliferation. We studied the mechanism of the inhibitory effects of dopaminergic stimulation on estrogen-induced functional changes of rat lactotrophs in primary culture. The dopaminergic agonist, bromocriptine (BC), suppressed 17β-estradiol-stimulated lactotroph proliferation, prolactin promoter activity, and mRNA expression of some estrogen-responsive genes. In lactotroph-enriched pituitary cells, BC treatment inhibited the estrogen response element (ERE) DNA sequence-mediated estrogen receptor (ER) transcriptional activity. Using a lactotroph-specific ERE transcriptional assay, we found that BC inhibition of the ERE-mediated ER transcriptional activity partly involved D2 dopamine receptor-mediated, pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein-coupled, cAMP/protein kinase A-dependent signaling. BC treatment had no effect on the cellular concentration of ERα or its phosphorylation status at Ser-118. Similar transcriptional inhibition by BC was also found in GH4ZR7 cells, a D2 dopamine receptor-expressing somatomammotrophic cell line. These results suggest that activation of the D2 dopamine receptors inhibits estrogen-dependent lactotroph functions in part via attenuation of ERE-mediated ER transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Ishida
- Department of Physiology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
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Xie QZ, Qi QR, Chen YX, Xu WM, Liu Q, Yang J. Uterine micro-environment and estrogen-dependent regulation of osteopontin expression in mouse blastocyst. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:14504-17. [PMID: 23852023 PMCID: PMC3742256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140714504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryo implantation is a highly synchronized bioprocess between an activated blastocyst and a receptive uterus. In mice, successful implantation relies on the dynamic interplay of estrogen and progesterone; however, the key mediators downstream of these hormones that act on blastocyst competency and endometrium receptivity acquisition are largely unknown. In this study, we showed that the expression of osteopontin (OPN) in mouse blastocysts is regulated by ovarian estrogen and uterine micro-environment. OPN mRNA is up-regulated in mouse blastocyst on day 4 of pregnancy, which is associated with ovarian estrogen secretion peak. Hormone treatment in vivo demonstrated that OPN expression in a blastocyst is regulated by estrogen through an estrogen receptor (ER). Our results of the delayed and activated implantation model showed that OPN expression is induced after estrogen injection. While estrogen treatment during embryo culture in vitro showed less effect on OPN expression, the tubal ligation model on day 3 of pregnancy confirmed that the regulation of estrogen on OPN expression in blastocyst might, through some specific cytokines, have existed in a uterine micro-environment. Collectively, our study presents that estrogen regulates OPN expression and it may play an important role during embryo implantation by activating blastocyst competence and facilitating the endometrium acceptable for active blastocyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Zhen Xie
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China; E-Mails: (Q.-R.Q.); (Y.-X.C.); (W.-M.X.); (Q.L.); (J.Y.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-27-8804-1919 (ext. 123); Fax: +86-27-8808-0749
| | - Qian-Rong Qi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China; E-Mails: (Q.-R.Q.); (Y.-X.C.); (W.-M.X.); (Q.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Ying-Xian Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China; E-Mails: (Q.-R.Q.); (Y.-X.C.); (W.-M.X.); (Q.L.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan 441000, Hubei, China
| | - Wang-Ming Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China; E-Mails: (Q.-R.Q.); (Y.-X.C.); (W.-M.X.); (Q.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Qian Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China; E-Mails: (Q.-R.Q.); (Y.-X.C.); (W.-M.X.); (Q.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jing Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China; E-Mails: (Q.-R.Q.); (Y.-X.C.); (W.-M.X.); (Q.L.); (J.Y.)
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Van Swearingen AED, Sanchez CL, Frisbee SM, Williams A, Walker QD, Korach KS, Kuhn CM. Estradiol replacement enhances cocaine-stimulated locomotion in female C57BL/6 mice through estrogen receptor alpha. Neuropharmacology 2013; 72:236-49. [PMID: 23608737 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Psychostimulant effects are enhanced by ovarian hormones in women and female rodents. Estradiol increases behavioral responses to psychostimulants in women and female rats, although the underlying mechanism is unknown. This study utilized mice to investigate the time frame and receptor mediation of estradiol's enhancement of cocaine-induced behavior as mice enable parallel use of genetic, surgical and pharmacological methods. The spontaneous behavior of Sham and Ovariectomized (Ovx) female wildtype (WT) mice was determined during habituation to a novel environment and after cocaine administration. Ovx mice were replaced with vehicle (sesame oil) or 17β-estradiol (E2) for 2 days or 30 min prior to a cocaine challenge to investigate the time course of E2's effects. To examine receptor mediation of estradiol effects, Ovx mice replaced for 2 days with either the ERα-selective agonist PPT or the ERβ-selective agonist DPN were compared to Sham mice, and mice lacking either ERα (αERKO) or ERβ (βERKO) were compared to WT littermates. Ovx mice exhibited fewer ambulations during habituation than Sham females. Cocaine-induced increases in behavioral ratings were greater in Sham than in Ovx mice. Two days but not 30 min of E2 replacement in Ovx mice increased cocaine responses to Sham levels. PPT replacement also increased the cocaine response relative to vehicle- or DPN- treated Ovx mice. αERKO mice displayed modestly attenuated behavioral responses to novelty and cocaine compared to αWT littermates, but no behavioral differences were found between βERKO and βWT mice. These results suggest that E2 enhances cocaine-stimulated locomotion in mice predominantly through ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E D Van Swearingen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Seitz S, Keller J, Schilling AF, Jeschke A, Marshall RP, Stride BD, Wintermantel T, Beil FT, Amling M, Schütz G, Tuckermann J, Schinke T. Pharmacological estrogen administration causes a FSH-independent osteo-anabolic effect requiring ER alpha in osteoblasts. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50301. [PMID: 23209701 PMCID: PMC3507728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is characterized by declining estrogen levels, and estrogen replacement therapy has been proven beneficial for preventing bone loss in affected women. While the physiological functions of estrogen in bone, primarily the inhibition of bone resorption, have been studied extensively, the effects of pharmacological estrogen administration are still poorly characterized. Since elevated levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) have been suggested to be involved in postmenopausal bone loss, we investigated whether the skeletal response to pharmacological estrogen administration is mediated in a FSH-dependent manner. Therefore, we treated wildtype and FSHβ-deficicent (Fshb−/−) mice with estrogen for 4 weeks and subsequently analyzed their skeletal phenotype. Here we observed that estrogen treatment resulted in a significant increase of trabecular and cortical bone mass in both, wildtype and Fshb−/− mice. Unexpectedly, this FSH-independent pharmacological effect of estrogen was not caused by influencing bone resorption, but primarily by increasing bone formation. To understand the cellular and molecular nature of this osteo-anabolic effect we next administered estrogen to mouse models carrying cell specific mutant alleles of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Here we found that the response to pharmacological estrogen administration was not affected by ERα inactivation in osteoclasts, while it was blunted in mice lacking the ERα in osteoblasts or in mice carrying a mutant ERα incapable of DNA binding. Taken together, our findings reveal a previously unknown osteo-anabolic effect of pharmacological estrogen administration, which is independent of FSH and requires DNA-binding of ERα in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Seitz
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Keller
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anke Jeschke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert P. Marshall
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Brenda D. Stride
- Division Molecular Biology of the Cell I, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Wintermantel
- Division Molecular Biology of the Cell I, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank T. Beil
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Günther Schütz
- Division Molecular Biology of the Cell I, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail: (JT); (TS)
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (JT); (TS)
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Amer DAM, Jähne M, Weigt C, Kretzschmar G, Vollmer G. Effect of 17β-estradiol and flavonoids on the regulation of expression of newly identified oestrogen responsive genes in a rat raphe nuclei-derived cell line. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3434-45. [PMID: 22213181 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the health risks attributed to perimenopausal hormone therapy, phytoestrogens such as flavonoids are receiving widespread attention to help alleviate menopausal symptoms, including hormone-driven mood disorders. Based on our previous reporter gene study regarding their transactivational activity in raphe nuclei cells from a brain region involved in regulation of mood disturbances, we herein study their effects on the regulation of expression of 17β-estradiol (E2)-regulated genes. DNA microarray was used to globally assess E2-induced gene expression in RNDA cells, a rat raphe nuclei-derived cellular model expressing oestrogen receptor β. Out of 212 regulated genes, six were selected for verification and as endpoints for the effect of flavonoids on the regulation of mRNA expression in proliferating as well as differentiating RNDA cells. Under proliferative conditions, E2 up-regulated mRNA expression of Cml-5, Sox-18 and Krt-19. Similar effects were observed in response to 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), genistein (GEN), daidzein (DAI) and equol (EQ). In line with E2, mRNA expression of Nefm and Zdhhc-2 was down-regulated following 8-PN, GEN, DAI, EQ and naringenin treatment. No regulation was observed on Slc6a4 mRNA expression in response to E2 or the flavonoids in proliferating RNDA cells. When cells were shifted to conditions promoting differentiation, changes in cell morphology, in mRNA expression levels and in responsiveness towards E2 and the tested flavonoids were noticed. These expression studies additionally highlighted some of the genes as markers for RNDA cellular differentiation. RNDA cells should prove useful to elucidate molecular and cellular mechanisms of exogenous oestrogen receptor ligands with neural cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena A M Amer
- Department of Biology, Section of Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
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