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Kazim M, Yoo E. Recent Advances in the Development of Non-Invasive Imaging Probes for Cancer Immunotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202310694. [PMID: 37843426 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a major revolution in the field of tumor immunology including clinical progress using various immunotherapy strategies. These advances have highlighted the potential for approaches that harness the power of the immune system to fight against cancer. While cancer immunotherapies have shown significant clinical successes, patient responses vary widely due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of tumors and immune responses, calling for reliable biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to maximize the benefits of immunotherapy. Especially, stratifying responding individuals from non-responders during the early stages of treatment could help avoid long-term damage and tailor personalized treatments. In efforts to develop non-invasive means for accurately evaluating and predicting tumor response to immunotherapy, multiple affinity-based agents targeting immune cell markers and checkpoint molecules have been developed and advanced to clinical trials. In addition, researchers have recently turned their attention to substrate and activity-based imaging probes that can provide real-time, functional assessment of immune response to treatment. Here, we highlight some of those recently designed probes that image functional proteases as biomarkers of cancer immunotherapy with a focus on their chemical design and detection modalities and discuss challenges and opportunities for the development of imaging tools utilized in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kazim
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Euna Yoo
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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2
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Carla Guarino, Seren S, Lemoine R, Hummel A, Margotin JE, El-Benna J, Hoarau C, Specks U, Jenne D, Korkmaz B. Constitutive and induced forms of membrane-bound proteinase 3 interact with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and promote immune activation of neutrophils. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103072. [PMID: 36849007 PMCID: PMC10124916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinase 3 (PR3) is the main target antigen of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in PR3-ANCA-associated vasculitis. A small fraction of PR3 is constitutively exposed on the surface of quiescent blood neutrophils in a proteolytically inactive form. When activated, neutrophils expose an induced form of membrane-bound PR3 (PR3mb) on their surface as well, which is enzymatically less active than unbound PR3 in solution due to its altered conformation. In this work, our objective was to understand the respective role of constitutive and induced PR3mb in the immune activation of neutrophils triggered by murine anti-PR3 mAbs and human PR3-ANCA. We quantified immune activation of neutrophils by the measurement of the production of superoxide anions and secreted protease activity in the cell supernatant before and after treatment of the cells by alpha-1 protease inhibitor (α1PI) that clears induced PR3mb from the cell surface. Incubation of TNFα-primed neutrophils with anti-PR3 antibodies resulted in a significant increase in superoxide anion production, membrane activation marker exposition, and secreted protease activity. When primed neutrophils were first treated with α1PI, we observed a partial reduction in antibody-induced neutrophil activation, suggesting that constitutive PR3mb is sufficient to activate neutrophils. The pre-treatment of primed neutrophils with purified antigen-binding fragments used as competitor significantly reduced cell activation by whole antibodies. This led us to the conclusion that PR3mb promoted immune activation of neutrophils. We propose that blocking and/or elimination of PR3mb offers a new therapeutic strategy to attenuate neutrophil activation in patients with PR3-ANCA-associated vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guarino
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - Seda Seren
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - Roxane Lemoine
- EA4245 "Transplantation, Immunology and Inflammation", University of Tours, France and Clinical immunology and allergology Service, Tours University Hospital, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - AmberM Hummel
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jean-Edouard Margotin
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- Université de Paris, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Cyrille Hoarau
- EA4245 "Transplantation, Immunology and Inflammation", University of Tours, France and Clinical immunology and allergology Service, Tours University Hospital, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - Ulrich Specks
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - DieterE Jenne
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, F-37032, Tours, France.
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3
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Lung Hyaluronasome: Involvement of Low Molecular Weight Ha (Lmw-Ha) in Innate Immunity. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050658. [PMID: 35625586 PMCID: PMC9138743 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix. It is synthesized by hyaluronan synthases (HAS) into high-molecular-weight chains (HMW-HA) that exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. In damaged, infected, and/or inflamed tissues, HMW-HA are degraded by hyaluronidases (HYAL) or reactive oxygen species (ROS) to give rise to low-molecular-weight HAs (LMW-HAs) that are potent pro-inflammatory molecules. Therefore, the size of HA regulates the balance of anti- or pro-inflammatory functions. The activities of HA depend also on its interactions with hyaladherins. HA synthesis, degradation, and activities through HA/receptors interactions define the hyaluronasome. In this review, a short overview of the role of high and low-molecular-weight HA polymers in the lungs is provided. The involvement of LMW-HA in pulmonary innate immunity via the activation of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells is described to highlight LMW-HA as a therapeutic target in inflammatory respiratory diseases. Finally, the possibilities to counter LMW-HA’s deleterious effects in the lungs are discussed.
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4
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Korkmaz B, Lamort AS, Domain R, Beauvillain C, Gieldon A, Yildirim AÖ, Stathopoulos GT, Rhimi M, Jenne DE, Kettritz R. Cathepsin C inhibition as a potential treatment strategy in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 194:114803. [PMID: 34678221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies established an association between chronic inflammation and higher risk of cancer. Inhibition of proteolytic enzymes represents a potential treatment strategy for cancer and prevention of cancer metastasis. Cathepsin C (CatC) is a highly conserved lysosomal cysteine dipeptidyl aminopeptidase required for the activation of pro-inflammatory neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs, elastase, proteinase 3, cathepsin G and NSP-4). NSPs are locally released by activated neutrophils in response to pathogens and non-infectious danger signals. Activated neutrophils also release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that are decorated with several neutrophil proteins, including NSPs. NSPs are not only NETs constituents but also play a role in NET formation and release. Although immune cells harbor large amounts of CatC, additional cell sources for this protease exists. Upregulation of CatC expression was observed in different tissues during carcinogenesis and correlated with metastasis and poor patient survival. Recent mechanistic studies indicated an important interaction of tumor-associated CatC, NSPs, and NETs in cancer development and metastasis and suggested CatC as a therapeutic target in a several cancer types. Cancer cell-derived CatC promotes neutrophil recruitment in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Because the clinical consequences of genetic CatC deficiency in humans resulting in the elimination of NSPs are mild, small molecule inhibitors of CatC are assumed as safe drugs to reduce the NSP burden. Brensocatib, a nitrile CatC inhibitor is currently tested in a phase 3 clinical trial as a novel anti-inflammatory therapy for patients with bronchiectasis. However, recently developed CatC inhibitors possibly have protective effects beyond inflammation. In this review, we describe the pathophysiological function of CatC and discuss molecular mechanisms substantiating pharmacological CatC inhibition as a potential strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France.
| | - Anne-Sophie Lamort
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Bavaria 81377, Germany(2)
| | - Roxane Domain
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Céline Beauvillain
- University of Angers, University of Nantes, Angers University Hospital, INSERM UMR-1232, CRCINA, Innate Immunity and Immunotherapy, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Artur Gieldon
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Bavaria 81377, Germany(2)
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Bavaria 81377, Germany(2)
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Dieter E Jenne
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Bavaria 81377, Germany(2); Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ralph Kettritz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité und Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Patterson EK, Gillio-Meina C, Martin CM, Fraser DD, Van Nynatten LR, Slessarev M, Cepinskas G. Proteinase 3 contributes to endothelial dysfunction in an experimental model of sepsis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2338-2345. [PMID: 34292081 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211029284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In sepsis-induced inflammation, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) contribute to vascular dysfunction. The serine proteases proteinase 3 (PR3) and human leukocyte elastase (HLE) are abundant in PMNs and are released upon degranulation. While HLE's role in inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction is well studied, PR3's role is largely uninvestigated. We hypothesized that PR3, similarly to HLE, contributes to vascular barrier dysfunction in sepsis. Plasma PR3 and HLE concentrations and their leukocyte mRNA levels were measured by ELISA and qPCR, respectively, in sepsis patients and controls. Exogenous PR3 or HLE was applied to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and HUVEC dysfunction was assessed by FITC-dextran permeability and electrical resistance. Both PR3 and HLE protein and mRNA levels were significantly increased in sepsis patients (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Additionally, each enzyme independently increased HUVEC monolayer FITC-dextran permeability (P < 0.01), and decreased electrical resistance in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P < 0.001), an effect that could be ameliorated by novel treatment with carbon monoxide-releasing molecule 3 (CORM-3). The serine protease PR3, in addition to HLE, lead to vascular dysfunction and increased endothelial permeability, a hallmark pathological consequence of sepsis-induced inflammation. CORMs may offer a new strategy to reduce serine protease-induced vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K Patterson
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, 151158Lawson Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Carolina Gillio-Meina
- Children's Health Research Institute and Translational Research Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Claudio M Martin
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, 151158Lawson Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, N6A 5W9, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Douglas D Fraser
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, 151158Lawson Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, N6A 5W9, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute and Translational Research Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, N6A 5W9, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Logan R Van Nynatten
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Marat Slessarev
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, 151158Lawson Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, N6A 5W9, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, 151158Lawson Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, N6A 5W9, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
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6
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Shatunova EA, Korolev MA, Omelchenko VO, Kurochkina YD, Davydova AS, Venyaminova AG, Vorobyeva MA. Aptamers for Proteins Associated with Rheumatic Diseases: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110527. [PMID: 33266394 PMCID: PMC7700471 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers capable of affine and specific binding to their molecular targets have now established themselves as a very promising alternative to monoclonal antibodies for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Although the main focus in aptamers’ research and development for biomedicine is made on cardiovascular, infectious, and malignant diseases, the use of aptamers as therapeutic or diagnostic tools in the context of rheumatic diseases is no less important. In this review, we consider the main features of aptamers that make them valuable molecular tools for rheumatologists, and summarize the studies on the selection and application of aptamers for protein biomarkers associated with rheumatic diseases. We discuss the progress in the development of aptamer-based diagnostic assays and targeted therapeutics for rheumatic disorders, future prospects in the field, and issues that have yet to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A. Shatunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (A.S.D.); (A.G.V.)
| | - Maksim A. Korolev
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.A.K.); (V.O.O.); (Y.D.K.)
| | - Vitaly O. Omelchenko
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.A.K.); (V.O.O.); (Y.D.K.)
| | - Yuliya D. Kurochkina
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.A.K.); (V.O.O.); (Y.D.K.)
| | - Anna S. Davydova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (A.S.D.); (A.G.V.)
| | - Alya G. Venyaminova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (A.S.D.); (A.G.V.)
| | - Mariya A. Vorobyeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (A.S.D.); (A.G.V.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Granel J, Lemoine R, Morello E, Gallais Y, Mariot J, Drapeau M, Musnier A, Poupon A, Pugnière M, Seren S, Nouar D, Gouilleux-Gruart V, Watier H, Korkmaz B, Hoarau C. 4C3 Human Monoclonal Antibody: A Proof of Concept for Non-pathogenic Proteinase 3 Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:573040. [PMID: 33101296 PMCID: PMC7546423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a severe autoimmune vasculitis associated with the presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) mainly targeting proteinase 3 (PR3), a neutrophilic serine proteinase. PR3-ANCA binding to membrane-bound PR3 on neutrophils induce their auto-immune activation responsible for vascular lesions. However, the correlation between PR3-ANCA level and disease activity remains inconsistent, suggesting the existence of non-pathogenic PR3-ANCA. In order to prove their existence, we immortalized B lymphocytes from blood samples of GPA patients in remission having persistent PR3-ANCA to isolate non-activating PR3-ANCA. We obtained for the first time a non-activating human IgG1κ anti-PR3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) named 4C3. This new mAb binds soluble PR3 with a high affinity and membrane-bound PR3 on an epitope close to the PR3 hydrophobic patch and in the vicinity of the active site. 4C3 is able to bind FcγRIIA and FcγRIIIB and has a G2F glycosylation profile on asparagine 297. 4C3 did not induce activation of neutrophils and could inhibit human polyclonal PR3-ANCA-induced activation suggesting that 4C3 is non-pathogenic. This characteristic relies on the recognized epitope on PR3 rather than to the Fc portion properties. The existence of non-pathogenic PR3-ANCA, which do not activate neutrophils, could explain the persistence of high PR3-ANCA levels in some GPA patients in remission and why PR3-ANCA would not predict relapse. Finally, these results offer promising perspectives particularly regarding the understanding of PR3-ANCA pathogenicity and the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in GPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Granel
- Plateforme B Cell Ressources (BCR) EA4245, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Service transversal d'Immunologie Clinique et d'Allergologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Roxane Lemoine
- Plateforme B Cell Ressources (BCR) EA4245, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Eric Morello
- Plateforme B Cell Ressources (BCR) EA4245, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Yann Gallais
- Plateforme B Cell Ressources (BCR) EA4245, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Julie Mariot
- Plateforme B Cell Ressources (BCR) EA4245, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Marion Drapeau
- Plateforme B Cell Ressources (BCR) EA4245, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Anne Poupon
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR 0085, CNRS UMR 7247, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Martine Pugnière
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Seda Seren
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM, UMR 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Dalila Nouar
- Service transversal d'Immunologie Clinique et d'Allergologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Valérie Gouilleux-Gruart
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Hervé Watier
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM, UMR 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Cyrille Hoarau
- Plateforme B Cell Ressources (BCR) EA4245, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Service transversal d'Immunologie Clinique et d'Allergologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
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8
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N'Guessan K, Grzywa R, Seren S, Gabant G, Juliano MA, Moniatte M, van Dorsselaer A, Bieth JG, Kellenberger C, Gauthier F, Wysocka M, Lesner A, Sienczyk M, Cadene M, Korkmaz B. Human proteinase 3 resistance to inhibition extends to alpha-2 macroglobulin. FEBS J 2020; 287:4068-4081. [PMID: 31995266 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils contain at least four serine endopeptidases, namely neutrophil elastase (NE), proteinase 3 (PR3), cathepsin G (CatG), and NSP4, which contribute to the regulation of infection and of inflammatory processes. In physiological conditions, endogenous inhibitors including α2-macroglobulin (α2-M), serpins [α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI)], monocyte neutrophil elastase inhibitor (MNEI), α1-antichymotrypsin, and locally produced chelonianins (elafin, SLPI) control excessive proteolytic activity of neutrophilic serine proteinases. In contrast to human NE (hNE), hPR3 is weakly inhibited by α1-PI and MNEI but not by SLPI. α2-M is a large spectrum inhibitor that traps a variety of proteinases in response to cleavage(s) in its bait region. We report here that α2-M was more rapidly processed by hNE than hPR3 or hCatG. This was confirmed by the observation that the association between α2-M and hPR3 is governed by a kass in the ≤ 105 m-1 ·s-1 range. Since α2-M-trapped proteinases retain peptidase activity, we first predicted the putative cleavage sites within the α2-M bait region (residues 690-728) using kinetic and molecular modeling approaches. We then identified by mass spectrum analysis the cleavage sites of hPR3 in a synthetic peptide spanning the 39-residue bait region of α2-M (39pep-α2-M). Since the 39pep-α2-M peptide and the corresponding bait area in the whole protein do not contain sequences with a high probability of specific cleavage by hPR3 and were indeed only slowly cleaved by hPR3, it can be concluded that α2-M is a poor inhibitor of hPR3. The resistance of hPR3 to inhibition by endogenous inhibitors explains at least in part its role in tissue injury during chronic inflammatory diseases and its well-recognized function of major target autoantigen in granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koffi N'Guessan
- INSERM UMR-1100, CEPR "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires", Tours, France.,Université de Tours, France
| | - Renata Grzywa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
| | - Seda Seren
- INSERM UMR-1100, CEPR "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires", Tours, France.,Université de Tours, France
| | - Guillaume Gabant
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301, CNRS, Affiliated with Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Maria A Juliano
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marc Moniatte
- Proteomics Core Facility, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alain van Dorsselaer
- LSMBO, CNRS UMR-7178 (CNRS-UdS), ECPM, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph G Bieth
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, INSERM U392, Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Francis Gauthier
- INSERM UMR-1100, CEPR "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires", Tours, France.,Université de Tours, France
| | | | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Sienczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
| | - Martine Cadene
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301, CNRS, Affiliated with Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, CEPR "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires", Tours, France.,Université de Tours, France
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9
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10
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Tian S, Swedberg JE, Li CY, Craik DJ, de Veer SJ. Iterative Optimization of the Cyclic Peptide SFTI-1 Yields Potent Inhibitors of Neutrophil Proteinase 3. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1234-1239. [PMID: 31413811 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils produce at least four serine proteases that are packaged within azurophilic granules. These enzymes contribute to antimicrobial defense and inflammation but can be destructive if their activities are not properly regulated. Accordingly, they represent therapeutic targets for several diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we focused on proteinase 3 (PR3), a neutrophil protease with elastase-like specificity, and engineered potent PR3 inhibitors based on the cyclic peptide sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1). We used an iterative optimization approach to screen targeted substitutions at the P1, P2, P2', and P4 positions of SFTI-1, and generated several new inhibitors with K i values in the low nanomolar range. These SFTI-variants show high stability in human serum and are attractive leads for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixin Tian
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Joakim E. Swedberg
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Choi Yi Li
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Simon J. de Veer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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11
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Assessment of Cytokine Release against Oral Mucosal Cell Line Culture (TR146) Stimulated by Neutrophil Elastase Associated with Behcet's Disease. Int J Dent 2019; 2019:6095628. [PMID: 31263499 PMCID: PMC6556314 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6095628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Cytokines and chemokines may be involved in the onset of oral ulcer in Behcet's disease. The aim of our study is to assess the cytotoxic effects of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines on reconstructed oral mucosal cell line (TR146) when treated with different concentrations of neutrophil elastase (NE). Objective For this purpose, a culture of the oral mucosal model (OMM) prepared from a cell line derived from an oral squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa (TR146) is treated with different concentrations of neutrophil elastase. The cultures were incubated for 4- and 24-hour intervals and designed as follows: culture + artificial saliva served as the negative control; culture + 0.01% SLS (sodium lauryl sulphate) served as the positive control; and culture + NE (10, 50, 100, and 200 nM) served as the treated group. Materials and Methods We used sandwich ELISA technique to isolate IL-1β (interleukin 1β), IL-8, and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor). Results We found no significant level of IL-8 and TNF-α when treated with different concentrations of neutrophil elastase after 4- and 24-hour incubation. The IL-1β level was slightly higher when treated with 100 and 200 nM NE after 24 hours of incubation although a significantly high level was observed at 100 nM NE after 4 hours of incubation. Hence, we found an increase in the level of IL-1β when stimulating the reconstructed oral mucosal model (OMM) with different concentrations of NE. This is a preliminary in vitro study; however, further research is required to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of cytokines and chemokines released when treated with NE. Moreover, high concentrations of NE are recommended to stimulate the release of cytokines and chemokines against the OMM.
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12
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Korkmaz B, Caughey GH, Chapple I, Gauthier F, Hirschfeld J, Jenne DE, Kettritz R, Lalmanach G, Lamort AS, Lauritzen C, Łȩgowska M, Lesner A, Marchand-Adam S, McKaig SJ, Moss C, Pedersen J, Roberts H, Schreiber A, Seren S, Thakker NS. Therapeutic targeting of cathepsin C: from pathophysiology to treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 190:202-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Seren S, Rashed Abouzaid M, Eulenberg-Gustavus C, Hirschfeld J, Nasr Soliman H, Jerke U, N'Guessan K, Dallet-Choisy S, Lesner A, Lauritzen C, Schacher B, Eickholz P, Nagy N, Szell M, Croix C, Viaud-Massuard MC, Al Farraj Aldosari A, Ragunatha S, Ibrahim Mostafa M, Giampieri F, Battino M, Cornillier H, Lorette G, Stephan JL, Goizet C, Pedersen J, Gauthier F, Jenne DE, Marchand-Adam S, Chapple IL, Kettritz R, Korkmaz B. Consequences of cathepsin C inactivation for membrane exposure of proteinase 3, the target antigen in autoimmune vasculitis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12415-12428. [PMID: 29925593 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound proteinase 3 (PR3m) is the main target antigen of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, a systemic small-vessel vasculitis. Binding of ANCA to PR3m triggers neutrophil activation with the secretion of enzymatically active PR3 and related neutrophil serine proteases, thereby contributing to vascular damage. PR3 and related proteases are activated from pro-forms by the lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin C (CatC) during neutrophil maturation. We hypothesized that pharmacological inhibition of CatC provides an effective measure to reduce PR3m and therefore has implications as a novel therapeutic approach in granulomatosis with polyangiitis. We first studied neutrophilic PR3 from 24 patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS), a genetic form of CatC deficiency. PLS neutrophil lysates showed a largely reduced but still detectable (0.5-4%) PR3 activity when compared with healthy control cells. Despite extremely low levels of cellular PR3, the amount of constitutive PR3m expressed on the surface of quiescent neutrophils and the typical bimodal membrane distribution pattern were similar to what was observed in healthy neutrophils. However, following cell activation, there was no significant increase in the total amount of PR3m on PLS neutrophils, whereas the total amount of PR3m on healthy neutrophils was significantly increased. We then explored the effect of pharmacological CatC inhibition on PR3 stability in normal neutrophils using a potent cell-permeable CatC inhibitor and a CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell model. Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells were treated with the inhibitor during neutrophil differentiation over 10 days. We observed strong reductions in PR3m, cellular PR3 protein, and proteolytic PR3 activity, whereas neutrophil differentiation was not compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Seren
- From the INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | | | - Claudia Eulenberg-Gustavus
- the Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité und Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Hirschfeld
- the Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Periodontal Research Group, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Community Health Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, United Kingdom
| | - Hala Nasr Soliman
- Medical Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Uwe Jerke
- the Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité und Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Koffi N'Guessan
- From the INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Sandrine Dallet-Choisy
- From the INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Adam Lesner
- the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Beate Schacher
- the Department of Periodontology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Eickholz
- the Department of Periodontology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nikoletta Nagy
- the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Marta Szell
- the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Cécile Croix
- UMR-CNRS 7292 "Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer" and Université François Rabelais, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Marie-Claude Viaud-Massuard
- UMR-CNRS 7292 "Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer" and Université François Rabelais, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Abdullah Al Farraj Aldosari
- the Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shivanna Ragunatha
- the Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560010, India
| | | | - Francesca Giampieri
- the Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Battino
- the Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Hélène Cornillier
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Gérard Lorette
- UMR-INRA1282 "Laboratoire de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires," Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Jean-Louis Stephan
- the Service d'Hématologie Immunologie et Rhumatologie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- INSERM U-1211, Rare Diseases, Genetic and Metabolism, MRGM Laboratory, Pellegrin Hospital and University, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Francis Gauthier
- From the INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Dieter E Jenne
- the Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany.,the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, and
| | - Sylvain Marchand-Adam
- From the INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Iain L Chapple
- the Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Periodontal Research Group, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Community Health Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph Kettritz
- the Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité und Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany.,the Division of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Department, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- From the INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France,
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14
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Guarino C, Gruba N, Grzywa R, Dyguda-Kazimierowicz E, Hamon Y, Łȩgowska M, Skoreński M, Dallet-Choisy S, Marchand-Adam S, Kellenberger C, Jenne DE, Sieńczyk M, Lesner A, Gauthier F, Korkmaz B. Exploiting the S4-S5 Specificity of Human Neutrophil Proteinase 3 to Improve the Potency of Peptidyl Di(chlorophenyl)-phosphonate Ester Inhibitors: A Kinetic and Molecular Modeling Analysis. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1858-1870. [PMID: 29442501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neutrophilic serine protease proteinase 3 (PR3) is involved in inflammation and immune response and thus appears as a therapeutic target for a variety of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Here we combined kinetic and molecular docking studies to increase the potency of peptidyl-diphenyl phosphonate PR3 inhibitors. Occupancy of the S1 subsite of PR3 by a nVal residue and of the S4-S5 subsites by a biotinylated Val residue as obtained in biotin-VYDnVP(O-C6H4-4-Cl)2 enhanced the second-order inhibition constant kobs/[I] toward PR3 by more than 10 times ( kobs/[I] = 73000 ± 5000 M-1 s-1) as compared to the best phosphonate PR3 inhibitor previously reported. This inhibitor shows no significant inhibitory activity toward human neutrophil elastase and resists proteolytic degradation in sputa from cystic fibrosis patients. It also inhibits macaque PR3 but not the PR3 from rodents and can thus be used for in vivo assays in a primate model of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guarino
- INSERM UMR1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" , Université de Tours , 37032 Tours , France
| | - Natalia Gruba
- Faculty of Chemistry , University of Gdansk , Wita Stwosza 63 , 80-308 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Renata Grzywa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Edyta Dyguda-Kazimierowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Yveline Hamon
- INSERM UMR1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" , Université de Tours , 37032 Tours , France
| | - Monika Łȩgowska
- Faculty of Chemistry , University of Gdansk , Wita Stwosza 63 , 80-308 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Marcin Skoreński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Sandrine Dallet-Choisy
- INSERM UMR1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" , Université de Tours , 37032 Tours , France
| | - Sylvain Marchand-Adam
- INSERM UMR1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" , Université de Tours , 37032 Tours , France
| | - Christine Kellenberger
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques , CNRS-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) , 13288 Marseille , France
| | - Dieter E Jenne
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology , 82152 Planegg-Martinsried , Germany
| | - Marcin Sieńczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry , University of Gdansk , Wita Stwosza 63 , 80-308 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Francis Gauthier
- INSERM UMR1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" , Université de Tours , 37032 Tours , France
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" , Université de Tours , 37032 Tours , France
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15
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Korkmaz B, Lesner A, Guarino C, Wysocka M, Kellenberger C, Watier H, Specks U, Gauthier F, Jenne DE. Inhibitors and Antibody Fragments as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics Targeting Neutrophil Proteinase 3 in Human Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 68:603-30. [PMID: 27329045 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.012104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinase 3 (PR3) has received great scientific attention after its identification as the essential antigenic target of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis (now called granulomatosis with polyangiitis). Despite many structural and functional similarities between neutrophil elastase (NE) and PR3 during biosynthesis, storage, and extracellular release, unique properties and pathobiological functions have emerged from detailed studies in recent years. The development of highly sensitive substrates and inhibitors of human PR3 and the creation of PR3-selective single knockout mice led to the identification of nonredundant roles of PR3 in cell death induction via procaspase-3 activation in cell cultures and in mouse models. According to a study in knockout mice, PR3 shortens the lifespan of infiltrating neutrophils in tissues and accelerates the clearance of aged neutrophils in mice. Membrane exposure of active human PR3 on apoptotic neutrophils reprograms the response of macrophages to phagocytosed neutrophils, triggers secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and undermines immune silencing and tissue regeneration. PR3-induced disruption of the anti-inflammatory effect of efferocytosis may be relevant for not only granulomatosis with polyangiitis but also for other autoimmune diseases with high neutrophil turnover. Inhibition of membrane-bound PR3 by endogenous inhibitors such as the α-1-protease inhibitor is comparatively weaker than that of NE, suggesting that the adverse effects of unopposed PR3 activity resurface earlier than those of NE in individuals with α-1-protease inhibitor deficiency. Effective coverage of PR3 by anti-inflammatory tools and simultaneous inhibition of both PR3 and NE should be most promising in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Adam Lesner
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Carla Guarino
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Magdalena Wysocka
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Christine Kellenberger
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Hervé Watier
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Ulrich Specks
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Francis Gauthier
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Dieter E Jenne
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
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16
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Guarino C, Hamon Y, Croix C, Lamort AS, Dallet-Choisy S, Marchand-Adam S, Lesner A, Baranek T, Viaud-Massuard MC, Lauritzen C, Pedersen J, Heuzé-Vourc'h N, Si-Tahar M, Fıratlı E, Jenne DE, Gauthier F, Horwitz MS, Borregaard N, Korkmaz B. Prolonged pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin C results in elimination of neutrophil serine proteases. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 131:52-67. [PMID: 28193451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin C (CatC) is a tetrameric cysteine dipeptidyl aminopeptidase that plays a key role in activation of pro-inflammatory serine protease zymogens by removal of a N-terminal pro-dipeptide sequence. Loss of function mutations in the CatC gene is associated with lack of immune cell serine protease activities and cause Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS). Also, only very low levels of elastase-like protease zymogens are detected by proteome analysis of neutrophils from PLS patients. Thus, CatC inhibitors represent new alternatives for the treatment of neutrophil protease-driven inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. We aimed to experimentally inactivate and lower neutrophil elastase-like proteases by pharmacological blocking of CatC-dependent maturation in cell-based assays and in vivo. Isolated, immature bone marrow cells from healthy donors pulse-chased in the presence of a new cell permeable cyclopropyl nitrile CatC inhibitor almost totally lack elastase. We confirmed the elimination of neutrophil elastase-like proteases by prolonged inhibition of CatC in a non-human primate. We also showed that neutrophils lacking elastase-like protease activities were still recruited to inflammatory sites. These preclinical results demonstrate that the disappearance of neutrophil elastase-like proteases as observed in PLS patients can be achieved by pharmacological inhibition of bone marrow CatC. Such a transitory inhibition of CatC might thus help to rebalance the protease load during chronic inflammatory diseases, which opens new perspectives for therapeutic applications in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guarino
- INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Yveline Hamon
- INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Cécile Croix
- CNRS UMR-7292, "GICC, Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique", Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, Tours, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Lamort
- INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sandrine Dallet-Choisy
- INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Sylvain Marchand-Adam
- INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Thomas Baranek
- INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Marie-Claude Viaud-Massuard
- CNRS UMR-7292, "GICC, Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique", Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Erhan Fıratlı
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dieter E Jenne
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Francis Gauthier
- INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | | | - Niels Borregaard
- The Granulocyte Research Laboratory, National University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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17
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Ragland SA, Schaub RE, Hackett KT, Dillard JP, Criss AK. Two lytic transglycosylases in Neisseria gonorrhoeae impart resistance to killing by lysozyme and human neutrophils. Cell Microbiol 2016; 19. [PMID: 27597434 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Symptomatic infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gc) produces a potent inflammatory response, resulting in a neutrophil-rich exudate. A population of Gc can survive the killing activities of neutrophils for reasons not completely understood. Unlike other Gram-negative bacteria, Gc releases monomeric peptidoglycan (PG) extracellularly, dependent on two nonessential, nonredundant lytic transglycosylases (LTs), LtgA and LtgD. PG released by LtgA and LtgD can stimulate host immune responses. We report that ΔltgAΔltgD Gc were decreased in survival in the presence of primary human neutrophils but otherwise grew equally to wild-type Gc. Adding PG monomer failed to alter ΔltgAΔltgD Gc survival. Thus, LTs protect Gc from neutrophils independently of monomer release. We found two reasons to explain decreased survival of the double LT mutant. First, ΔltgAΔltgD Gc was more sensitive to the neutrophil antimicrobial proteins lysozyme and neutrophil elastase, but not others. Sensitivity to lysozyme correlated with decreased Gc envelope integrity. Second, exposure of neutrophils to ΔltgAΔltgD Gc increased the release of neutrophil granule contents extracellularly and into Gc phagosomes. We conclude that LtgA and LtgD protect Gc from neutrophils by contributing to envelope integrity and limiting bacterial exposure to select granule-localized antimicrobial proteins. These observations are the first to link bacterial degradation by lysozyme to increased neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Ragland
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Ryan E Schaub
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Kathleen T Hackett
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Joseph P Dillard
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Alison K Criss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
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18
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Bacterial protease triggered release of biocides from microspheres with an oily core. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 127:200-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Budnjo A, Narawane S, Grauffel C, Schillinger AS, Fossen T, Reuter N, Haug BE. Reversible ketomethylene-based inhibitors of human neutrophil proteinase 3. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9396-408. [PMID: 25365140 DOI: 10.1021/jm500782s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil serine proteases, proteinase 3 (PR3) and human neutrophil elastase (HNE), are considered as targets for chronic inflammatory diseases. Despite sharing high sequence similarity, the two enzymes have different substrate specificities and functions. While a plethora of HNE inhibitors exist, PR3 specific inhibitors are still in their infancy. We have designed ketomethylene-based inhibitors for PR3 that show low micromolar IC50 values. Their synthesis was made possible by amending a previously reported synthesis of ketomethylene dipeptide isosteres to allow for the preparation of derivatives suitable for solid phase peptide synthesis. The best inhibitor (Abz-VADnV[Ψ](COCH2)ADYQ-EDDnp) was found to be selective for PR3 over HNE and to display a competitive and reversible inhibition mechanism. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the interactions between enzyme and ketomethylene-containing inhibitors are similar to those with the corresponding substrates. We also confirm that N- and C-terminal FRET groups are important for securing high inhibitory potency toward PR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Budnjo
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen , Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
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20
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Guarino C, Legowska M, Epinette C, Kellenberger C, Dallet-Choisy S, Sieńczyk M, Gabant G, Cadene M, Zoidakis J, Vlahou A, Wysocka M, Marchand-Adam S, Jenne DE, Lesner A, Gauthier F, Korkmaz B. New selective peptidyl di(chlorophenyl) phosphonate esters for visualizing and blocking neutrophil proteinase 3 in human diseases. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31777-31791. [PMID: 25288799 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.591339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of neutrophil protease 3 (PR3) is poorly understood despite of its role in autoimmune vasculitides and its possible involvement in cell apoptosis. This makes it different from its structural homologue neutrophil elastase (HNE). Endogenous inhibitors of human neutrophil serine proteases preferentially inhibit HNE and to a lesser extent, PR3. We constructed a single-residue mutant PR3 (I217R) to investigate the S4 subsite preferences of PR3 and HNE and used the best peptide substrate sequences to develop selective phosphonate inhibitors with the structure Ac-peptidyl(P)(O-C6H4-4-Cl)2. The combination of a prolyl residue at P4 and an aspartyl residue at P2 was totally selective for PR3. We then synthesized N-terminally biotinylated peptidyl phosphonates to identify the PR3 in complex biological samples. These inhibitors resisted proteolytic degradation and rapidly inactivated PR3 in biological fluids such as inflammatory lung secretions and the urine of patients with bladder cancer. One of these inhibitors revealed intracellular PR3 in permeabilized neutrophils and on the surface of activated cells. They hardly inhibited PR3 bound to the surface of stimulated neutrophils despite their low molecular mass, suggesting that the conformation and reactivity of membrane-bound PR3 is altered. This finding is relevant for autoantibody binding and the subsequent activation of neutrophils in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Wegener disease). These are the first inhibitors that can be used as probes to monitor, detect, and control PR3 activity in a variety of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guarino
- INSERM U-1100/EA-6305 Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, 37032 Tours, France,; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Monika Legowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-952, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Christophe Epinette
- INSERM U-1100/EA-6305 Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Christine Kellenberger
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR),13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Dallet-Choisy
- INSERM U-1100/EA-6305 Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Marcin Sieńczyk
- Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Guillaume Gabant
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301 CNRS, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Martine Cadene
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301 CNRS, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Jérôme Zoidakis
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece, and
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece, and
| | | | - Sylvain Marchand-Adam
- INSERM U-1100/EA-6305 Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Dieter E Jenne
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-952, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Francis Gauthier
- INSERM U-1100/EA-6305 Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM U-1100/EA-6305 Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, 37032 Tours, France,.
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21
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Narawane S, Budnjo A, Grauffel C, Haug BE, Reuter N. In Silico Design, Synthesis, and Assays of Specific Substrates for Proteinase 3: Influence of Fluorogenic and Charged Groups. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1111-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401559r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Narawane
- Department
of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway
| | - Adnan Budnjo
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Allégaten
41, 5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cédric Grauffel
- Department
of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway
- Computational
Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bengt Erik Haug
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Allégaten
41, 5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nathalie Reuter
- Department
of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway
- Computational
Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway
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22
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Korkmaz B, Jenne DE, Gauthier F. Relevance of the mouse model as a therapeutic approach for neutrophil proteinase 3-associated human diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:1198-205. [PMID: 23886601 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteinase 3 (PR3) is one of the four elastase-related serine proteinases stored in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils. Although it participates in the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses to infection and inflammation it also retains specific functions that make it different from neutrophil elastase in spite of their close structural resemblance. PR3 is involved in the immune response to infection and is the major autoantigen in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, formerly Wegener disease), an autoimmune systemic vasculitis with granulomas. Thus, PR3 appears to be a relevant therapeutic target in a variety of inflammatory human diseases. Animal models are required for the testing of new drugs that target PR3 specifically but differences between human and rodent neutrophil PR3 expression and substrate specificity have greatly impaired progress in this direction. This may explain that, to date, there is no spontaneous model of vasculitis associated with anti-PR3 antibodies. In this review, we will focus on the structural and functional differences between human and murine PR3, and how these differences may be by-passed in order to develop a relevant animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Korkmaz
- "Centre d'Etudes des Pathologies Respiratoires", INSERM U-1100/EA-6305 37032, Université François Rabelais, 37032 Tours, France.
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23
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Horwitz MS, Corey SJ, Grimes HL, Tidwell T. ELANE mutations in cyclic and severe congenital neutropenia: genetics and pathophysiology. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2013; 27:19-41, vii. [PMID: 23351986 PMCID: PMC3559001 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The 2 main forms of hereditary neutropenia are cyclic (CN) and severe congenital (SCN) neutropenia. CN is an autosomal dominant disorder in which neutrophil counts fluctuate with 21-day periodicity. SCN consists of static neutropenia, with promyelocytic maturation arrest in the bone marrow. Unlike CN, SCN displays frequent acquisition of somatic mutations in the gene CSF3R. CN is caused by heterozygous mutations in the gene ELANE, encoding neutrophil elastase. SCN is genetically heterogeneous but is most frequently associated with ELANE mutations. We discuss how the mutations provide clues into the pathogenesis of neutropenia and describe current hypotheses for its molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall S Horwitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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24
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Epinette C, Croix C, Jaquillard L, Marchand-Adam S, Kellenberger C, Lalmanach G, Cadene M, Viaud-Massuard MC, Gauthier F, Korkmaz B. A selective reversible azapeptide inhibitor of human neutrophil proteinase 3 derived from a high affinity FRET substrate. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 83:788-96. [PMID: 22209715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The biological functions of human neutrophil proteinase 3 (PR3) remain unclear because of its close structural resemblance to neutrophil elastase and its apparent functional redundancy with the latter. Thus, all natural inhibitors of PR3 preferentially target neutrophil elastase. We have designed a selective PR3 inhibitor based on the sequence of one of its specific, sensitive FRET substrates. This azapeptide, azapro-3, inhibits free PR3 in solution, PR3 bound to neutrophil membranes, and the PR3 found in crude lung secretions from patients with chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases. But it does not inhibit significantly neutrophil elastase or cathepsin G. Unlike most of azapeptides, this inhibitor does not form a stable acyl-enzyme complex; it is a reversible competitive inhibitor with a K(i) comparable to the K(m) of the parent substrate. Low concentrations (60 μM) of azapro-3 totally inhibited the PR3 secreted by triggered human neutrophils (200,000 cells/100 μL) and the PR3 in neutrophil homogenates and in lung secretions of patients with lung inflammation for hours. Azapro-3 also resisted proteolysis by all proteases contained in these samples for at least 2h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Epinette
- INSERM U-1100 Pathologies Respiratoires, Protéolyse et Aérosolthérapie, Faculté de Médecine, Université François Rabelais, 37032 Tours, France
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25
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Heinz A, Jung MC, Jahreis G, Rusciani A, Duca L, Debelle L, Weiss AS, Neubert RHH, Schmelzer CEH. The action of neutrophil serine proteases on elastin and its precursor. Biochimie 2011; 94:192-202. [PMID: 22030899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the degradation of the natural substrates tropoelastin and elastin by the neutrophil-derived serine proteases human leukocyte elastase (HLE), proteinase 3 (PR3) and cathepsin G (CG). Focus was placed on determining their cleavage site specificities using mass spectrometric techniques. Moreover, the release of bioactive peptides from elastin by the three proteases was studied. Tropoelastin was comprehensively degraded by all three proteases, whereas less cleavage occurred in mature cross-linked elastin. An analysis of the cleavage site specificities of the three proteases in tropoelastin and elastin revealed that HLE and PR3 similarly tolerate hydrophobic and/or aliphatic amino acids such as Ala, Gly and Val at P(1), which are also preferred by CG. In addition, CG prefers the bulky hydrophobic amino acid Leu and accepts the bulky aromatic amino acids Phe and Tyr. CG shows a strong preference for the charged amino acid Lys at P(1) in tropoelastin, whereas Lys was not identified at P(1) in CG digests of elastin due to extensive cross-linking at Lys residues in mature elastin. All three serine proteases showed a clear preference for Pro at P(2) and P(4)'. With respect to the liberation of potentially bioactive peptides from elastin, the study revealed that all three serine proteases have a similar ability to release bioactive sequences, with CG producing the highest number of these peptides. In bioactivity studies, potentially bioactive peptides that have not been investigated on their bioactivity to date, were tested. Three new bioactive GxxPG motifs were identified; GVYPG, GFGPG and GVLPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Heinz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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26
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Nunes GLC, Simões A, Dyszy FH, Shida CS, Juliano MA, Juliano L, Gesteira TF, Nader HB, Murphy G, Chaffotte AF, Goldberg ME, Tersariol ILS, Almeida PC. Mechanism of heparin acceleration of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases-1 (TIMP-1) degradation by the human neutrophil elastase. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21525. [PMID: 21731773 PMCID: PMC3121799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin has been shown to regulate human neutrophil elastase (HNE) activity. We have assessed the regulatory effect of heparin on Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteases-1 [TIMP-1] hydrolysis by HNE employing the recombinant form of TIMP-1 and correlated FRET-peptides comprising the TIMP-1 cleavage site. Heparin accelerates 2.5-fold TIMP-1 hydrolysis by HNE. The kinetic parameters of this reaction were monitored with the aid of a FRET-peptide substrate that mimics the TIMP-1 cleavage site in pre-steady-state conditionsby using a stopped-flow fluorescence system. The hydrolysis of the FRET-peptide substrate by HNE exhibits a pre-steady-state burst phase followed by a linear, steady-state pseudo-first-order reaction. The HNE acylation step (k2 = 21±1 s−1) was much higher than the HNE deacylation step (k3 = 0.57±0.05 s−1). The presence of heparin induces a dramatic effect in the pre-steady-state behavior of HNE. Heparin induces transient lag phase kinetics in HNE cleavage of the FRET-peptide substrate. The pre-steady-state analysis revealed that heparin affects all steps of the reaction through enhancing the ES complex concentration, increasing k1 2.4-fold and reducing k−1 3.1-fold. Heparin also promotes a 7.8-fold decrease in the k2 value, whereas the k3 value in the presence of heparin was increased 58-fold. These results clearly show that heparin binding accelerates deacylation and slows down acylation. Heparin shifts the HNE pH activity profile to the right, allowing HNE to be active at alkaline pH. Molecular docking and kinetic analysis suggest that heparin induces conformational changes in HNE structure. Here, we are showing for the first time that heparin is able to accelerate the hydrolysis of TIMP-1 by HNE. The degradation of TIMP-1is associated to important physiopathological states involving excessive activation of MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L. C. Nunes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alyne Simões
- Departamento Materiais Dentários, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio H. Dyszy
- Grupo de Biofísica Molecular, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio S. Shida
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Juliano
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Juliano
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tarsis F. Gesteira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena B. Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gillian Murphy
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alain F. Chaffotte
- Unité de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire des Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Michel E. Goldberg
- Unité de Repliement et Modelisation des Protéines, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ivarne L. S. Tersariol
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (PCA); (ILST)
| | - Paulo C. Almeida
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (PCA); (ILST)
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27
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Korkmaz B, Jégot G, Lau LC, Thorpe M, Pitois E, Juliano L, Walls AF, Hellman L, Gauthier F. Discriminating between the activities of human cathepsin G and chymase using fluorogenic substrates. FEBS J 2011; 278:2635-46. [PMID: 21599834 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin G (CG) (EC 3.4.21.20) and chymase (EC 3.4.21.39) are two closely-related chymotrypsin-like proteases that are released from cytoplasmic granules of activated mast cells and/or neutrophils. We investigated the potential for their substrate-binding subsites to discriminate between their substrate specificities, aiming to better understand their respective role during the progression of inflammatory diseases. In addition to their preference for large aromatic residues at P1, both preferentially accommodate small hydrophilic residues at the S1' subsite. Despite significant structural differences in the S2' subsite, both prefer an acidic residue at that position. The Ala226/Glu substitution at the bottom of the CG S1 pocket, which allows CG but not chymase to accommodate a Lys residue at P1, is the main structural difference, allowing discrimination between the activities of these two proteases. However, a Lys at P1 is accommodated much less efficiently than a Phe, and the corresponding substrate is cleaved by β2-tryptase (EC 3.4.21.59). We optimized a P1 Lys-containing substrate to enhance sensitivity towards CG and prevent cleavage by chymase and β2-tryptase. The resulting substrate (ABZ-GIEPKSDPMPEQ-EDDnp) [where ABZ is O-aminobenzoic acid and EDDnp is N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-ethylenediamine] was cleaved by CG but not by chymase and tryptase, with a specificity constant of 190 mM(-1)·s(-1). This allows the quantification of active CG in cells or tissue extracts where it may be present together with chymase and tryptase, as we have shown using a HMC-1 cell homogenate and a sputum sample from a patient with severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Korkmaz
- Unité INSERM U-618 Protéases et Vectorisation pulmonaires, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.
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28
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Jégot G, Derache C, Castella S, Lahouassa H, Pitois E, Jourdan ML, Remold‐O'Donnell E, Kellenberger C, Gauthier F, Korkmaz B. A substrate‐based approach to convert SerpinB1 into a specific inhibitor of proteinase 3, the Wegener's granulomatosis autoantigen. FASEB J 2011; 25:3019-31. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-176552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenhael Jégot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U‐618Protéases et Vectorisation PulmonairesToursFrance
- Université Francois RabelaisToursFrance
| | - Chrystelle Derache
- Centre de Biophysique MoléculaireCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)OrléansFrance
| | - Sandrine Castella
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U‐618Protéases et Vectorisation PulmonairesToursFrance
- Université Francois RabelaisToursFrance
| | - Hichem Lahouassa
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U‐618Protéases et Vectorisation PulmonairesToursFrance
- Université Francois RabelaisToursFrance
| | - Elodie Pitois
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U‐618Protéases et Vectorisation PulmonairesToursFrance
- Université Francois RabelaisToursFrance
| | | | | | - Christine Kellenberger
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules BiologiquesCNRS‐Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)MarseilleFrance
| | - Francis Gauthier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U‐618Protéases et Vectorisation PulmonairesToursFrance
- Université Francois RabelaisToursFrance
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U‐618Protéases et Vectorisation PulmonairesToursFrance
- Université Francois RabelaisToursFrance
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29
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Korkmaz B, Horwitz MS, Jenne DE, Gauthier F. Neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G as therapeutic targets in human diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 62:726-59. [PMID: 21079042 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.002733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 581] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are the first cells recruited to inflammatory sites and form the earliest line of defense against invading microorganisms. Neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G are three hematopoietic serine proteases stored in large quantities in neutrophil cytoplasmic azurophilic granules. They act in combination with reactive oxygen species to help degrade engulfed microorganisms inside phagolysosomes. These proteases are also externalized in an active form during neutrophil activation at inflammatory sites, thus contributing to the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. As multifunctional proteases, they also play a regulatory role in noninfectious inflammatory diseases. Mutations in the ELA2/ELANE gene, encoding neutrophil elastase, are the cause of human congenital neutropenia. Neutrophil membrane-bound proteinase 3 serves as an autoantigen in Wegener granulomatosis, a systemic autoimmune vasculitis. All three proteases are affected by mutations of the gene (CTSC) encoding dipeptidyl peptidase I, a protease required for activation of their proform before storage in cytoplasmic granules. Mutations of CTSC cause Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome. Because of their roles in host defense and disease, elastase, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G are of interest as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we describe the physicochemical functions of these proteases, toward a goal of better delineating their role in human diseases and identifying new therapeutic strategies based on the modulation of their bioavailability and activity. We also describe how nonhuman primate experimental models could assist with testing the efficacy of proposed therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM U-618 Protéases et Vectorisation Pulmonaires, Université François Rabelais, Faculté de médecine, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, Tours, France.
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Broemstrup T, Reuter N. How does proteinase 3 interact with lipid bilayers? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:7487-96. [PMID: 20532386 DOI: 10.1039/b924117e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteinase 3 (PR3) is a serine protease of the neutrophils whose membrane expression is relevant in a number of inflammatory pathologies. It has been shown to strongly interact with reconstituted bilayers containing dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) or mixtures of both phospholipids. Here we present the results of molecular dynamics simulations of PR3 anchored at three different phospholipid bilayers: DMPC, DMPG and an equimolar mixture of DMPC/DMPG. We present for the first time a detailed model of membrane-bound PR3. A thorough inventory of the interaction between the lipids and the enzyme reveals three types of interactions contributing to the anchorage of PR3. Basic residues (R177, R186A, R186B, K187 and R222) interact via hydrogen bonds with the lipid headgroups to stabilize PR3 at the interfacial membrane region. Hydrophobic amino acids (V163, F165, F166, I217, L223, and F224) insert into the hydrophobic core below the carbonyl groups of the bilayers and six aromatic amino acids (F165, F192, F215, W218, F224, and F227) contribute electrostatic interaction via cation-pi interactions with the choline groups of DMPC. PR3 presents all the characteristics of a peripheral membrane protein with an ability to bind negative phospholipids. Although the catalytic triad remains unperturbed by the presence of the membrane, the ligand binding sites are located in close proximity to the membrane and amino acids K99 and I217 interact significantly with the lipids. We expect the binding of long ligands to be modified by the presence of the lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Broemstrup
- Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway.
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Kuhl A, Korkmaz B, Utecht B, Kniepert A, Schönermarck U, Specks U, Jenne DE. Mapping of conformational epitopes on human proteinase 3, the autoantigen of Wegener's granulomatosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:387-99. [PMID: 20530264 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic Abs (cANCAs) against conformational epitopes of proteinase 3 (PR3) are regarded as an important pathogenic marker in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). Although the three-dimensional structure of PR3 is known, binding sites of mAbs and cANCAs have not been mapped to date. Competitive binding and biosensor experiments suggested the existence of four nonoverlapping areas on the PR3 surface. In this paper, we present an approach to identify these discontinuous surface regions that cannot be mimicked by linear peptides. The very few surface substitutions found in closely related PR3 homologs from primates, which were further varied by the construction of functional human-gibbon hybrids, resulted in the differential loss of three Ab binding sites, two of which were mapped to the N-terminal beta-barrel and one to the linker segment connecting the N- and C-terminal barrels of PR3. The sera from WG patients differed in their binding to gibbon PR3 and the gibbon-human PR3 hybrid, and could be divided into two groups with similar or significantly reduced binding to gibbon PR3. Binding of almost all sera to PR3-alpha1-protease inhibitor (alpha1-PI) complexes was even more reduced and often absent, indicating that major antigenic determinants overlap with the active site surface on PR3 that associates with alpha1-PI. Similarly, the mouse mAbs CLB12.8 and 6A6 also did not react with gibbon PR3 and PR3-alpha1-PI complexes. Our data strongly suggest that cANCAs from WG patients at least in part recognize similar surface structures as do mouse mAbs and compete with the binding of alpha1-PI to PR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Kuhl
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
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Hajjar E, Broemstrup T, Kantari C, Witko-Sarsat V, Reuter N. Structures of human proteinase 3 and neutrophil elastase--so similar yet so different. FEBS J 2010; 277:2238-54. [PMID: 20423453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Proteinase 3 and neutrophil elastase are serine proteinases of the polymorphonuclear neutrophils, which are considered to have both similar localization and ligand specificity because of their high sequence similarity. However, recent studies indicate that they might have different and yet complementary physiologic roles. Specifically, proteinase 3 has intracellular specific protein substrates resulting in its involvement in the regulation of intracellular functions such as proliferation or apoptosis. It behaves as a peripheral membrane protein and its membrane expression is a risk factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. Moreover, in contrast to human neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3 is the preferred target antigen in Wegener's granulomatosis, a particular type of vasculitis. We review the structural basis for the different ligand specificities and membrane binding mechanisms of both enzymes, as well as the putative anti-neutrophil cytoplasm autoantibody epitopes on human neutrophil elastase 3. We also address the differences existing between murine and human enzymes, and their consequences with respect to the development of animal models for the study of human proteinase 3-related pathologies. By integrating the functional and the structural data, we assemble many pieces of a complicated puzzle to provide a new perspective on the structure-function relationship of human proteinase 3 and its interaction with membrane, partner proteins or cleavable substrates. Hence, precise and meticulous structural studies are essential tools for the rational design of specific proteinase 3 substrates or competitive ligands that modulate its activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hajjar
- Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Cagliari (CA), Italy
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Wysocka M, Lesner A, Majkowska G, Łęgowska A, Guzow K, Rolka K, Wiczk W. The new fluorogenic substrates of neutrophil proteinase 3 optimized in prime site region. Anal Biochem 2010; 399:196-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Kalupov T, Brillard-Bourdet M, Dadé S, Serrano H, Wartelle J, Guyot N, Juliano L, Moreau T, Belaaouaj A, Gauthier F. Structural characterization of mouse neutrophil serine proteases and identification of their substrate specificities: relevance to mouse models of human inflammatory diseases. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:34084-91. [PMID: 19833730 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.042903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) play a critical role in neutrophil-associated lung inflammatory and tissue-destructive diseases. To investigate NSP pathogenic role(s), various mouse experimental models have been developed that mimic acutely or chronically injured human lungs. We and others are using mouse exposure to cigarette smoke as a model for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with or without exacerbation. However, the relative contribution of NSPs to lung disease processes as well as their underlying mechanisms remains still poorly understood. And the lack of purified mouse NSPs and their specific substrates have hampered advances in these studies. In this work, we compared mouse and human NSPs and generated three-dimensional models of murine NSPs based on three-dimensional structures of their human homologs. Analyses of these models provided compelling evidence that peptide substrate specificities of human and mouse NSPs are different despite their conserved cleft and close structural resemblance. These studies allowed us to synthesize for the first time novel sensitive fluorescence resonance energy transfer substrates for individual mouse NSPs. Our findings and the newly identified substrates should better our understanding about the role of NSPs in the pathogenesis of cigarette-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as well as other neutrophils-associated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofey Kalupov
- INSERM U618, Protéases et Vectorisation Pulmonaires, IFR 135, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
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Hajjar E, Dejaegere A, Reuter N. Challenges in pKa Predictions for Proteins: The case of Asp213 in Human Proteinase 3. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:11783-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp902930u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hajjar
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari (CA), Italy, Biocomputing Group, IGBMC, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France, and Computational Biology Unit, BCCS, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Annick Dejaegere
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari (CA), Italy, Biocomputing Group, IGBMC, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France, and Computational Biology Unit, BCCS, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Nathalie Reuter
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari (CA), Italy, Biocomputing Group, IGBMC, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France, and Computational Biology Unit, BCCS, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Norway
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Zani ML, Baranger K, Guyot N, Dallet-Choisy S, Moreau T. Protease inhibitors derived from elafin and SLPI and engineered to have enhanced specificity towards neutrophil serine proteases. Protein Sci 2009; 18:579-94. [PMID: 19241385 DOI: 10.1002/pro.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), elafin, and its biologically active precursor trappin-2 are endogeneous low-molecular weight inhibitors of the chelonianin family that control the enzymatic activity of neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) like elastase, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G. These inhibitors may be of therapeutic value, since unregulated NSP activities are linked to inflammatory lung diseases. However SLPI inhibits elastase and cathepsin G but not proteinase 3, while elafin targets elastase and proteinase 3 but not cathepsin G. We have used two strategies to design polyvalent inhibitors of NSPs that target all three NSPs and may be used in the aerosol-based treatment of inflammatory lung diseases. First, we fused the elafin domain with the second inhibitory domain of SLPI to produce recombinant chimeras that had the inhibitory properties of both parent molecules. Second, we generated the trappin-2 variant, trappin-2 A62L, in which the P1 residue Ala is replaced by Leu, as in the corresponding position in SLPI domain 2. The chimera inhibitors and trappin-2 A62L are tight-binding inhibitors of all three NSPs with subnanomolar K(i)s, similar to those of the parent molecules for their respective target proteases. We have also shown that these molecules inhibit the neutrophil membrane-bound forms of all three NSPs. The trappin-2 A62L and elafin-SLPI chimeras, like wild-type elafin and trappin-2, can be covalently cross-linked to fibronectin or elastin by a tissue transglutaminase, while retaining their polypotent inhibition of NSPs. Therefore, the inhibitors described herein have the appropriate properties to be further evaluated as therapeutic anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Zani
- Inserm U618 Protéases et Vectorisation Pulmonaires, IFR 135 Imagerie Fonctionnelle, University of Tours, France
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Aimetti AA, Tibbitt MW, Anseth KS. Human neutrophil elastase responsive delivery from poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1484-9. [PMID: 19408953 PMCID: PMC2699883 DOI: 10.1021/bm9000926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel enzyme-responsive hydrogel drug delivery system was developed with the potential to treat inflammation locally. Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a serine protease secreted by neutrophils which are the first cells recruited to inflammatory sites. We exploited this cell-secreted enzyme as a biological cue for controlled release. HNE sensitive peptide linkers were immobilized within poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels using photopolymerization techniques. The kinetics of the enzyme reaction within the gel was tailored by varying the amino acid residues present in the P1 and P1' substrate positions (immediately adjacent to cleavage location). A novel FRET-based hydrogel platform was designed to characterize the accessibility of the substrate within the cross-linked, macroscopic hydrogel. Lastly, a diffusion-reaction mathematical model with Michaelis-Menten kinetics was developed to predict the overall release profile and captured the initial 80% of the experimentally observed release. The hydrogel platform presented shows highly controlled release kinetics with potential applications in cellular responsive drug delivery.
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Korkmaz B, Jaillet J, Jourdan ML, Gauthier A, Gauthier F, Attucci S. Catalytic activity and inhibition of wegener antigen proteinase 3 on the cell surface of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:19896-902. [PMID: 19447886 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m901471200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinase 3 (Pr3), the main target of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, is a neutrophil serine protease that may be constitutively expressed at the surface of quiescent circulating neutrophils. This raises the question of the simultaneous presence in the circulation of constitutive membrane-bound Pr3 (mPr3) and its plasma inhibitor alpha1-protease inhibitor (alpha1-Pi). We have looked at the fate of constitutive mPr3 at the surface of circulating blood neutrophils and of induced mPr3 on triggered neutrophils. We found significant Pr3 activity at the surface of activated neutrophils but not at the surface of quiescent neutrophils whatever the constitutive expression. This suggests that constitutive mPr3 is enzymatically inactive or its active site is not accessible to the substrate. Supporting this conclusion, we have not been able to demonstrate any interaction between constitutive mPr3 and alpha1-Pi, whereas induced mPr3 is cleared from the cell surface when activated cells are incubated with this inhibitor. But, unlike membrane-bound elastase that is also cleared from the surface of activated cells, mPr3 remained bound to the membrane when inhibited by elafin or by a low molecular weight chloromethyl ketone inhibitor, which shows that it binds more tightly to the neutrophil membrane. mPr3 may thus be present at the surface of circulating neutrophils in an environment replete with alpha1-Pi. The permanent presence of inactive Pr3 at the surface of quiescent neutrophils may explain why Pr3 is a major target of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, whose binding activates neutrophils and triggers inflammation, as in Wegener granulomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM U618, Protéases et Vectorisation Pulmonaires, Faculté de Médecine, 37032 Tours Cedex, France
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Korkmaz B, Kuhl A, Bayat B, Santoso S, Jenne DE. A hydrophobic patch on proteinase 3, the target of autoantibodies in Wegener granulomatosis, mediates membrane binding via NB1 receptors. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:35976-82. [PMID: 18854317 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806754200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinase 3 (PR3), the target antigen of antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies, which are found in patients with Wegener granulomatosis, is a neutrophil serine protease localized within cytoplasmic granules. Recently, the human neutrophil antigen NB1 was identified as a specific neutrophil cell surface receptor of PR3. We hypothesized that the unique hydrophobic cluster of PR3 that is not present on human neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G and presumably is also missing in other human PR3 homologs accounts for its binding to the NB1 receptor expressed on the cellular surface of NB1 cells. Instead of generating and testing various artificial human PR3 mutants, we cloned and expressed the very closely related gibbon (Hylobates pileatus) PR3 homolog, which did not bind to the human NB1 receptor. Moreover, a human-gibbon hybrid constructed from the N- and C-terminal half of the human and gibbon PR3, respectively, also did not interact with human NB1. The C-terminal half of gibbon PR3 differs only by 9 residues from human PR3, among which four closely spaced hydrophobic residues are substituted in a nonconservative manner (F166L, W218R, G219A, and L223H). The NB1-bound PR3 was active and was cleared from the surface by alpha-1-protease inhibitor. Conformational distortion of the hydrophobic 217-225 loop by alpha-1-protease inhibitor most likely triggers rapid solubilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Korkmaz
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Measuring elastase, proteinase 3 and cathepsin G activities at the surface of human neutrophils with fluorescence resonance energy transfer substrates. Nat Protoc 2008; 3:991-1000. [PMID: 18536646 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2008.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) elastase, proteinase 3 and cathepsin G are multifunctional proteases involved in pathogen destruction and the modulation of inflammatory processes. A fraction of secreted NSPs remains bound to the external plasma membrane, where they remain enzymatically active. This protocol describes the spectrofluorometric measurement of NSP activities on neutrophil surfaces using highly sensitive Abz-peptidyl-EDDnp fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) substrates that fully discriminate between the three human NSPs. We describe FRET substrate synthesis, neutrophil purification and handling, and kinetic experiments on quiescent and activated cells. These are used to measure subnanomolar concentrations of membrane-bound or free NSPs in low-binding microplates and to quantify the activities of individual proteases in biological fluids like expectorations and bronchoalveolar lavages. The whole procedure, including neutrophil purification and kinetic measurements, can be done in 4-5 h and should not be longer because of the lifetime of neutrophils. Using this protocol will help identify the contributions of individual NSPs to the development of inflammatory diseases and may reveal these proteases to be targets for therapeutic inhibitors.
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41
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Yang Q, Li Y, Dou D, Gan X, Mohan S, Groutas CS, Stevenson LE, Lai Z, Alliston KR, Zhong J, Williams TD, Groutas WC. Inhibition of serine proteases by a new class of cyclosulfamide-based carbamylating agents. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 475:115-20. [PMID: 18457652 PMCID: PMC2492831 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A new class of carbamylating agents based on the cyclosulfamide scaffold is reported. These compounds were found to be efficient time-dependent inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase (HNE). Exploitation of the three sites of diversity present in the cyclosulfamide scaffold yielded compounds which inhibited HNE but not proteinase 3 (PR 3) or bovine trypsin. The findings reported herein suggest that the introduction of appropriate recognition elements into the cyclosulfamide scaffold may lead to highly selective agents of potential value in the design of activity-based probes suitable for investigating proteases associated with the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 N Fairmount Avenue, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
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Li Y, Yang Q, Dou D, Alliston KR, Groutas WC. Inactivation of human neutrophil elastase by 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide-based sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:692-8. [PMID: 17976994 PMCID: PMC2267890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of a series of 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide-based sulfonamides with neutrophil-derived serine proteases was investigated. The nature of the amino acid component, believed to be oriented toward the S' subsites, had a profound effect on enzyme selectivity. This series of compounds were found to be potent, time-dependent inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and were devoid of any inhibitory activity toward neutrophil proteinase 3 (PR 3) and cathepsin G (Cat G). The results of these studies demonstrate that exploitation of differences in the S' subsites of HNE and PR 3 can lead to highly selective inhibitors of HNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260
| | - Qingliang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260
| | - Dengfeng Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260
| | - Kevin R. Alliston
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260
| | - William C. Groutas
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2008; 20:111-20. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e3282f408ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Hajjar E, Korkmaz B, Reuter N. Differences in the substrate binding sites of murine and human proteinase 3 and neutrophil elastase. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:5685-90. [PMID: 18023421 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the differences between murine (m) and human (h) proteinase 3 (PR3) and neutrophil elastase (NE) is crucial for the interpretation of in vivo studies of inflammatory processes. We built structural models of mPR3 and mNE and analyzed their surface properties. We performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on several enzyme-peptide complexes to investigate their interaction patterns. The analysis of trajectories confirms that murine and human complexes have different interaction patterns with peptidic substrates. We provide a map of the binding sites of the murine proteases and suggest sequence motifs that we predict to be specific for mPR3 or mNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hajjar
- Computational Biology Unit, Bergen Center for Computational Science, BCCS, University of Bergen, Thormohlensgt 55, N-5008, Bergen, Norway
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45
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Yuan BS, Zhu RM, Braddock M, Zhang XH, Shi W, Zheng MH. Interleukin-18: a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in acute pancreatitis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2007; 11:1261-71. [PMID: 17907957 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.11.10.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A large body of clinical and experimental evidence suggests that cytokines play a key role in the pathogenesis of local and systemic complications of acute pancreatitis. IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in many human diseases, including acute pancreatitis. This review focuses on the present understanding in IL-18 and its potential role in acute pancreatitis. IL-18 levels reflect the severity of acute pancreatitis and display a significant negative correlation with the concentrations of antioxidative damage factors, serum selenium and glutathione peroxidases (GPx). The relationship between IL-18 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines shows that IL-18 is one of the key mediators of inflammation in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Elevation of serum IL-18 levels may mediate acute pancreatitis associated liver injury. The use of IL-18 antagonists as direct routes to block IL-18 activity and P2X7 receptor antagonists and interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitors as indirect routes to block IL-18 activity suggest that specific therapeutic inhibition of IL-18 is a promising therapeutic approach for acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Si Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical School of Nanjing, Southern Medical University, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3 and cathepsin G: physicochemical properties, activity and physiopathological functions. Biochimie 2007; 90:227-42. [PMID: 18021746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils form a primary line of defense against bacterial infections using complementary oxidative and non-oxidative pathways to destroy phagocytized pathogens. The three serine proteases elastase, proteinase 3 and cathepsin G, are major components of the neutrophil primary granules that participate in the non-oxidative pathway of intracellular pathogen destruction. Neutrophil activation and degranulation results in the release of these proteases into the extracellular medium as proteolytically active enzymes, part of them remaining exposed at the cell surface. Extracellular neutrophil serine proteases also help kill bacteria and are involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix components during acute and chronic inflammation. But they are also important as specific regulators of the immune response, controlling cellular signaling through the processing of chemokines, modulating the cytokine network, and activating specific cell surface receptors. Neutrophil serine proteases are also involved in the pathogenicity of a variety of human diseases. This review focuses on the structural and functional properties of these proteases that may explain their specific biological roles, and facilitate their use as molecular targets for new therapeutic strategies.
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47
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Vong L, D'Acquisto F, Pederzoli-Ribeil M, Lavagno L, Flower RJ, Witko-Sarsat V, Perretti M. Annexin 1 cleavage in activated neutrophils: a pivotal role for proteinase 3. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:29998-30004. [PMID: 17681950 PMCID: PMC2772024 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702876200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin 1 is an anti-inflammatory protein that plays a key role in innate immunity by modulating the activation of several types of cells, including neutrophils. Here we have developed a cleavage assay using tagged annexin 1 and observed marked activity in the membrane fraction of activated neutrophils. A combination of inhibitors, transfected cells, and proteomic analyses allowed us to identify proteinase 3 as the main enzyme responsible for this cleavage in the N terminus region of the protein, at least in the context of neutrophil activation. Because annexin 1 is an important endogenous anti-inflammatory mediator, blocking its cleavage by proteinase 3 would augment its homeostatic pro-resolving actions and could represent an opportunity for innovative anti-inflammatory drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vong
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fulvio D'Acquisto
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luisa Lavagno
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Roderick J. Flower
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Witko-Sarsat
- INSERM U845 and Paris V University, Necker Hospital, 161 Rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 44-207-882-6065; Fax: 44-207-882-6076;
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