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Serna Villa V, Ren X. Lung Progenitor and Stem Cell Transplantation as a Potential Regenerative Therapy for Lung Diseases. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00675. [PMID: 38416452 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases are debilitating illnesses ranking among the top causes of death globally. Currently, clinically available therapeutic options capable of curing chronic lung diseases are limited to lung transplantation, which is hindered by donor organ shortage. This highlights the urgent need for alternative strategies to repair damaged lung tissues. Stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising avenue for regenerative treatment of the lung, which involves delivery of healthy lung epithelial progenitor cells that subsequently engraft in the injured tissue and further differentiate to reconstitute the functional respiratory epithelium. These transplanted progenitor cells possess the remarkable ability to self-renew, thereby offering the potential for sustained long-term treatment effects. Notably, the transplantation of basal cells, the airway stem cells, holds the promise for rehabilitating airway injuries resulting from environmental factors or genetic conditions such as cystic fibrosis. Similarly, for diseases affecting the alveoli, alveolar type II cells have garnered interest as a viable alveolar stem cell source for restoring the lung parenchyma from genetic or environmentally induced dysfunctions. Expanding upon these advancements, the use of induced pluripotent stem cells to derive lung progenitor cells for transplantation offers advantages such as scalability and patient specificity. In this review, we comprehensively explore the progress made in lung stem cell transplantation, providing insights into the current state of the field and its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Serna Villa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
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2
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Larsen K, Callesen H. Developmental expression of CREB1 and NFATC2 in pig embryos. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08501-6. [PMID: 37171550 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CREB1 gene encodes the cAMP response element binding protein 1 (CREB1), a leucine zipper transcription factor that regulates cellular gene expression in response to elevated levels of intracellular cAMP. When activated by phosphorylation, CREB1 binds to the cAMP response element (CRE) of the promoters of its target genes. CREB1 is an essential component in many physiological processes, and its function is correlated to neurodevelopment, plasticity and cell survival, and learning and memory. The NFATC2 gene codes for the nuclear factor of activated T-cells 2 protein. The NFATC2 protein is a DNA-binding protein that functions as an inducer of gene transcription during immune response. METHODS AND RESULTS The aim of the present study was to examine the developmental expression of porcine CREB1 and NFACT2 transcripts. The expression of CREB1 and NFACT2 mRNA was examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. For the CREB1 transcript, we found significant reduction in transcript levels in the brain stem and basal ganglia during porcine embryo development, determined from day 60 to day 115 of gestation. In contrast, a significant increase in CREB1 mRNA was detected in the lungs during embryo development. No significant changes in the NFATC2 transcript were detected in porcine brain tissue during embryo development. CONCLUSIONS Differential CREB1 mRNA expression was found in pig brain tissues during embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knud Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Henrik Callesen, Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Blichers Allé 20, Tjele, DK-8830, Denmark
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3
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Varghese B, Ling Z, Ren X. Reconstructing the pulmonary niche with stem cells: a lung story. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:161. [PMID: 35410254 PMCID: PMC8996210 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of pulmonary disease highlights an overwhelming need in improving our understanding of lung development, disease, and treatment. It also calls for further advances in our ability to engineer the pulmonary system at cellular and tissue levels. The discovery of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offsets the relative inaccessibility of human lungs for studying developmental programs and disease mechanisms, all the while offering a potential source of cells and tissue for regenerative interventions. This review offers a perspective on where the lung stem cell field stands in terms of accomplishing these ambitious goals. We will trace the known stages and pathways involved in in vivo lung development and how they inspire the directed differentiation of stem and progenitor cells in vitro. We will also recap the efforts made to date to recapitulate the lung stem cell niche in vitro via engineered cell–cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbie Varghese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Scott Hall 4N111, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Zihan Ling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Scott Hall 4N111, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Scott Hall 4N111, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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4
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Yin Y, Ornitz DM. FGF9 and FGF10 activate distinct signaling pathways to direct lung epithelial specification and branching. Sci Signal 2020; 13:eaay4353. [PMID: 32127497 PMCID: PMC7271816 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aay4353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 9 and 10 are essential during the pseudoglandular stage of lung development. Mesothelium-produced FGF9 is principally responsible for mesenchymal growth, whereas epithelium-produced FGF9 and mesenchyme-produced FGF10 guide lung epithelial development, and loss of either of these ligands affects epithelial branching. Because FGF9 and FGF10 activate distinct FGF receptors (FGFRs), we hypothesized that they would control distinct developmental processes. Here, we found that FGF9 signaled through epithelial FGFR3 to directly promote distal epithelial fate specification and inhibit epithelial differentiation. By contrast, FGF10 signaled through epithelial FGFR2b to promote epithelial proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, FGF9-FGFR3 signaling functionally opposed FGF10-FGFR2b signaling, and FGFR3 preferentially used downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways, whereas FGFR2b relied on downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. These data demonstrate that, within lung epithelial cells, different FGFRs function independently; they bind receptor-specific ligands and direct distinct developmental functions through the activation of distinct downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Yin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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5
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Puri P, Schaefer CM, Bushnell D, Taglienti ME, Kreidberg JA, Yoder BK, Bates CM. Ectopic Phosphorylated Creb Marks Dedifferentiated Proximal Tubules in Cystic Kidney Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:84-94. [PMID: 29107072 PMCID: PMC5745541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic cAMP signaling is pathologic in polycystic kidney disease; however, its spatiotemporal actions are unclear. We characterized the expression of phosphorylated Creb (p-Creb), a target and mediator of cAMP signaling, in developing and cystic kidney models. We also examined tubule-specific effects of cAMP analogs in cystogenesis in embryonic kidney explants. In wild-type mice, p-Creb marked nephron progenitors (NP), early epithelial NP derivatives, ureteric bud, and cortical stroma; p-Creb was present in differentiated thick ascending limb of Henle, collecting duct, and stroma; however, it disappeared in mature NP-derived proximal tubules. In Six2cre;Frs2αFl/Fl mice, a renal cystic model, ectopic p-Creb stained proximal tubule-derived cystic segments that lost the differentiation marker lotus tetragonolobus lectin. Furthermore, lotus tetragonolobus lectin-negative/p-Creb-positive cyst segments (re)-expressed Ncam1, Pax2, and Sox9 markers of immature nephron structures and dedifferentiated proximal tubules after acute kidney injury. These dedifferentiation markers were co-expressed with p-Creb in renal cysts in Itf88 knockout mice subjected to ischemia and Six2cre;Pkd1Fl/Fl mice, other renal cystogenesis models. 8-Br-cAMP addition to wild-type embryonic kidney explants induced proximal tubular cystogenesis and p-Creb expression; these effects were blocked by co-addition of protein kinase A inhibitor. Thus p-Creb/cAMP signaling is appropriate in NP and early nephron derivatives, but disappears in mature proximal tubules. Moreover, ectopic p-Creb expression/cAMP signaling marks dedifferentiated proximal tubular cystic segments. Furthermore, proximal tubules are predisposed to become cystic after cAMP stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Puri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Caitlin M Schaefer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Bushnell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary E Taglienti
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jordan A Kreidberg
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bradley K Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Carlton M Bates
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Quiros M, Nishio H, Neumann PA, Siuda D, Brazil JC, Azcutia V, Hilgarth R, O'Leary MN, Garcia-Hernandez V, Leoni G, Feng M, Bernal G, Williams H, Dedhia PH, Gerner-Smidt C, Spence J, Parkos CA, Denning TL, Nusrat A. Macrophage-derived IL-10 mediates mucosal repair by epithelial WISP-1 signaling. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3510-3520. [PMID: 28783045 DOI: 10.1172/jci90229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to injury, epithelial cells migrate and proliferate to cover denuded mucosal surfaces and repair the barrier defect. This process is orchestrated by dynamic crosstalk between immune cells and the epithelium; however, the mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that IL-10 was rapidly induced following intestinal mucosal injury and was required for optimal intestinal mucosal wound closure. Conditional deletion of IL-10 specifically in CD11c-expressing cells in vivo implicated macrophages as a critical innate immune contributor to IL-10-induced wound closure. Consistent with these findings, wound closure in T cell- and B cell-deficient Rag1-/- mice was unimpaired, demonstrating that adaptive immune cells are not absolutely required for this process. Further, following mucosal injury, macrophage-derived IL-10 resulted in epithelial cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activation and subsequent synthesis and secretion of the pro-repair WNT1-inducible signaling protein 1 (WISP-1). WISP-1 induced epithelial cell proliferation and wound closure by activating epithelial pro-proliferative pathways. These findings define the involvement of macrophages in regulating an IL-10/CREB/WISP-1 signaling axis, with broad implications in linking innate immune activation to mucosal wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Quiros
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hikaru Nishio
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Philipp A Neumann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dorothee Siuda
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer C Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Veronica Azcutia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roland Hilgarth
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Monique N O'Leary
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Giovanna Leoni
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mingli Feng
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gabriela Bernal
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Holly Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Priya H Dedhia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Jason Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Timothy L Denning
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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7
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Antony N, McDougall AR, Mantamadiotis T, Cole TJ, Bird AD. Creb1 regulates late stage mammalian lung development via respiratory epithelial and mesenchymal-independent mechanisms. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25569. [PMID: 27150575 PMCID: PMC4858709 DOI: 10.1038/srep25569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During mammalian lung development, the morphological transition from respiratory tree branching morphogenesis to a predominantly saccular architecture, capable of air-breathing at birth, is dependent on physical forces as well as molecular signaling by a range of transcription factors including the cAMP response element binding protein 1 (Creb1). Creb1(-/-) mutant mice exhibit complete neonatal lethality consistent with a lack of lung maturation beyond the branching phase. To further define its role in the developing mouse lung, we deleted Creb1 separately in the respiratory epithelium and mesenchyme. Surprisingly, we found no evidence of a morphological lung defect nor compromised neonatal survival in either conditional Creb1 mutant. Interestingly however, loss of mesenchymal Creb1 on a genetic background lacking the related Crem protein showed normal lung development but poor neonatal survival. To investigate the underlying requirement for Creb1 for normal lung development, Creb1(-/-) mice were re-examined for defects in both respiratory muscles and glucocorticoid hormone signaling, which are also required for late stage lung maturation. However, these systems appeared normal in Creb1(-/-) mice. Together our results suggest that the requirement of Creb1 for normal mammalian lung morphogenesis is not dependent upon its expression in lung epithelium or mesenchyme, nor its role in musculoskeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Antony
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - A. R. McDougall
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - T. Mantamadiotis
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - T. J. Cole
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - A. D. Bird
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Yin Y, Castro AM, Hoekstra M, Yan TJ, Kanakamedala AC, Dehner LP, Hill DA, Ornitz DM. Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 Regulation by MicroRNAs Controls Lung Development and Links DICER1 Loss to the Pathogenesis of Pleuropulmonary Blastoma. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005242. [PMID: 25978641 PMCID: PMC4433140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleuropulmonary Blastoma (PPB) is the primary neoplastic manifestation of a pediatric cancer predisposition syndrome that is associated with several diseases including cystic nephroma, Wilms tumor, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, medulloblastoma, and ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor. The primary pathology of PPB, epithelial cysts with stromal hyperplasia and risk for progression to a complex primitive sarcoma, is associated with familial heterozygosity and lesion-associated epithelial loss-of-heterozygosity of DICER1. It has been hypothesized that loss of heterozygosity of DICER1 in lung epithelium is a non-cell autonomous etiology of PPB and a critical pathway that regulates lung development; however, there are no known direct targets of epithelial microRNAs (miRNAs) in the lung. Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 (FGF9) is expressed in the mesothelium and epithelium during lung development and primarily functions to regulate lung mesenchyme; however, there are no known mechanisms that regulate FGF9 expression during lung development. Using mouse genetics and molecular phenotyping of human PPB tissue, we show that FGF9 is overexpressed in lung epithelium in the initial multicystic stage of Type I PPB and that in mice lacking epithelial Dicer1, or induced to overexpress epithelial Fgf9, increased Fgf9 expression results in pulmonary mesenchymal hyperplasia and a multicystic architecture that is histologically and molecularly indistinguishable from Type I PPB. We further show that miR-140 is expressed in lung epithelium, regulates epithelial Fgf9 expression, and regulates pseudoglandular stages of lung development. These studies identify an essential miRNA-FGF9 pathway for lung development and a non-cell autonomous signaling mechanism that contributes to the mesenchymal hyperplasia that is characteristic of Type I PPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Yin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Angela M. Castro
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Marrit Hoekstra
- Department of Pathology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Yan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ajay C. Kanakamedala
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Louis P. Dehner
- Lauren V. Ackerman Division of Surgical Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - D. Ashley Hill
- Lauren V. Ackerman Division of Surgical Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DAH); (DMO)
| | - David M. Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DAH); (DMO)
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Tassano E, Accogli A, Panigada S, Ronchetto P, Cuoco C, Gimelli G. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of a patient with a de novo interstitial 14q24.1q24.3 deletion. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:49. [PMID: 25076984 PMCID: PMC4115490 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-7-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial deletions of chromosome bands 14q24.1q24.3 are very rare with only three reported cases. Results We describe a 7-year-old boy with a 5.345 Mb de novo interstitial deletion at 14q24.1q24.3 band detected by array-CGH who had a complex phenotype characterized by seizures, congenital heart defects, dysmorphisms, psychomotor delay, and bronchopulmonary, skeletal, and brain anomalies. Conclusion The deleted region contains numerous genes, but we focused our attention on three of them (C14orf169, NUMB, and PSEN1), which could account, at least partially, for the phenotype of the boy. We therefore discuss the involvement of these genes and the observed phenotype compared to that of previously described patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tassano
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Istituto G.Gaslini, L.go G.Gaslini 5, Genoa 16147, Italy
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Serena Panigada
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ronchetto
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Istituto G.Gaslini, L.go G.Gaslini 5, Genoa 16147, Italy
| | - Cristina Cuoco
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Istituto G.Gaslini, L.go G.Gaslini 5, Genoa 16147, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gimelli
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Istituto G.Gaslini, L.go G.Gaslini 5, Genoa 16147, Italy
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Sountoulidis A, Stavropoulos A, Giaglis S, Apostolou E, Monteiro R, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Chen H, Stripp BR, Mummery C, Andreakos E, Sideras P. Activation of the canonical bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway during lung morphogenesis and adult lung tissue repair. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41460. [PMID: 22916109 PMCID: PMC3423416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) has been implicated in early lung development, adult lung homeostasis and tissue-injury repair. However, the precise mechanism of action and the spatio-temporal pattern of BMP-signaling during these processes remains inadequately described. To address this, we have utilized a transgenic line harboring a BMP-responsive eGFP-reporter allele (BRE-eGFP) to construct the first detailed spatiotemporal map of canonical BMP-pathway activation during lung development, homeostasis and adult-lung injury repair. We demonstrate that during the pseudoglandular stage, when branching morphogenesis progresses in the developing lung, canonical BMP-pathway is active mainly in the vascular network and the sub-epithelial smooth muscle layer of the proximal airways. Activation of the BMP-pathway becomes evident in epithelial compartments only after embryonic day (E) 14.5 primarily in cells negative for epithelial-lineage markers, located in the proximal portion of the airway-tree, clusters adjacent to neuro-epithelial-bodies (NEBs) and in a substantial portion of alveolar epithelial cells. The pathway becomes activated in isolated E12.5 mesenchyme-free distal epithelial buds cultured in Matrigel suggesting that absence of reporter activity in these regions stems from a dynamic cross-talk between endoderm and mesenchyme. Epithelial cells with activated BMP-pathway are enriched in progenitors capable of forming colonies in three-dimensional Matrigel cultures.As lung morphogenesis approaches completion, eGFP-expression declines and in adult lung its expression is barely detectable. However, upon tissue-injury, either with naphthalene or bleomycin, the canonical BMP-pathways is re-activated, in bronchial or alveolar epithelial cells respectively, in a manner reminiscent to early lung development and in tissue areas where reparatory progenitor cells reside. Our studies illustrate the dynamic activation of canonical BMP-pathway during lung development and adult lung tissue-repair and highlight its involvement in two important processes, namely, the early development of the pulmonary vasculature and the management of epithelial progenitor pools both during lung development and repair of adult lung tissue-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Sountoulidis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, Centre for Immunology & Transplantations, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Stavropoulos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, Centre for Immunology & Transplantations, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Giaglis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, Centre for Immunology & Transplantations, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Apostolou
- Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, Centre for Immunology & Transplantations, Athens, Greece
| | - Rui Monteiro
- Dept Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Huaiyong Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Duke University Medical Centre, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barry R. Stripp
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Duke University Medical Centre, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christine Mummery
- Dept Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, Centre for Immunology & Transplantations, Athens, Greece
| | - Paschalis Sideras
- Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, Centre for Immunology & Transplantations, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
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11
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El-Hashash AHK, Turcatel G, Al Alam D, Buckley S, Tokumitsu H, Bellusci S, Warburton D. Eya1 controls cell polarity, spindle orientation, cell fate and Notch signaling in distal embryonic lung epithelium. Development 2011; 138:1395-407. [PMID: 21385765 DOI: 10.1242/dev.058479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell polarity, mitotic spindle orientation and asymmetric division play a crucial role in the self-renewal/differentiation of epithelial cells, yet little is known about these processes and the molecular programs that control them in embryonic lung distal epithelium. Herein, we provide the first evidence that embryonic lung distal epithelium is polarized with characteristic perpendicular cell divisions. Consistent with these findings, spindle orientation-regulatory proteins Insc, LGN (Gpsm2) and NuMA, and the cell fate determinant Numb are asymmetrically localized in embryonic lung distal epithelium. Interfering with the function of these proteins in vitro randomizes spindle orientation and changes cell fate. We further show that Eya1 protein regulates cell polarity, spindle orientation and the localization of Numb, which inhibits Notch signaling. Hence, Eya1 promotes both perpendicular division as well as Numb asymmetric segregation to one daughter in mitotic distal lung epithelium, probably by controlling aPKCζ phosphorylation. Thus, epithelial cell polarity and mitotic spindle orientation are defective after interfering with Eya1 function in vivo or in vitro. In addition, in Eya1(-/-) lungs, perpendicular division is not maintained and Numb is segregated to both daughter cells in mitotic epithelial cells, leading to inactivation of Notch signaling. As Notch signaling promotes progenitor cell identity at the expense of differentiated cell phenotypes, we test whether genetic activation of Notch could rescue the Eya1(-/-) lung phenotype, which is characterized by loss of epithelial progenitors, increased epithelial differentiation but reduced branching. Indeed, genetic activation of Notch partially rescues Eya1(-/-) lung epithelial defects. These findings uncover novel functions for Eya1 as a crucial regulator of the complex behavior of distal embryonic lung epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H K El-Hashash
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
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12
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Grumelli S, Lu B, Peterson L, Maeno T, Gerard C. CD46 protects against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18785. [PMID: 21573156 PMCID: PMC3089601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema develops in 15% of ex-smokers despite sustained quitting, while 10% are free of emphysema or severe lung obstruction. The cause of the incapacity of the immune system to clear the inflammation in the first group remains unclear. Methods and Findings We searched genes that were protecting ex-smokers without emphysema, using microarrays on portions of human lungs surgically removed; we found that loss of lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema was associated with a lower expression of CD46 and verified this finding by qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. Also, there was a significant association among decreased CD46+ cells with decreased CD4+T cells, apoptosis mediator CD95 and increased CD8+T cells that were protecting patients without emphysema or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CD46 not only regulates the production of T regulatory cells, which suppresses CD8+T cell proliferation, but also the complement cascade by degradation of C3b. These results were replicated in the murine smoking model, which showed increased C5a (produced by C3b) that suppressed IL12 mediated bias to T helper 1 cells and elastin co-precipitation with C3b, suggesting that elastin could be presented as an antigen. Thus, using ELISA from elastin peptides, we verified that 43% of the patients with severe early onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease tested positive for IgG to elastin in their serum compared to healthy controls. Conclusions These data suggest that higher expression of CD46 in the lungs of ex-smoker protects them from emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by clearing the inflammation impeding the proliferation of CD8+ T cells and necrosis, achieved by production of T regulatory cells and degradation of C3b; restraining the complement cascade favors apoptosis over necrosis, protecting them from autoimmunity and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Grumelli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Respiratoria, Universidad Católica de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Bao Lu
- Pulmonary Division, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leif Peterson
- Department of Medicine Chronic Disease Prevention and Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Toshitaka Maeno
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Craig Gerard
- Pulmonary Division, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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El-Hashash AH, Warburton D. Cell polarity and spindle orientation in the distal epithelium of embryonic lung. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:441-5. [PMID: 21246661 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A proper balance between self-renewal and differentiation of lung-specific progenitors at the distal epithelial tips is absolutely required for normal lung morphogenesis. Cell polarity and mitotic spindle orientation play a critical role in the self-renewal/differentiation of epithelial cells and can impact normal physiological processes, including epithelial tissue branching and differentiation. Therefore, understanding the behavior of lung distal epithelial progenitors could identify innovative solutions to restoring normal lung morphogenesis. Yet little is known about cell polarity, spindle orientation, and segregation of cell fate determinant in the embryonic lung epithelium, which contains progenitor cells. Herein, we provide the first evidence that embryonic lung distal epithelium is polarized and highly mitotic with characteristic perpendicular cell divisions. Consistent with these findings, mInsc, LGN, and NuMA polarity proteins, which control spindle orientation, are asymmetrically localized in mitotic distal epithelial progenitors of embryonic lungs. Furthermore, the cell fate determinant Numb is asymmetrically distributed at the apical side of distal epithelial progenitors and segregated to one daughter cell in most mitotic cells. These findings provide evidence for polarity in distal epithelial progenitors of embryonic lungs and provide a framework for future translationally oriented studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H El-Hashash
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, California, USA
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Haley KJ, Sunday ME, Porrata Y, Kelley C, Twomey A, Shahsafaei A, Galper B, Sonna LA, Lilly CM. Ontogeny of the eotaxins in human lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 294:L214-24. [PMID: 18055844 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00086.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The ontogeny of the C-C chemokines eotaxin-1, eotaxin-2, and eotaxin-3 has not been fully elucidated in human lung. We explored a possible role for eotaxin in developing lung by determining the ontogeny of eotaxin-1 (CCL11), eotaxin-2 (CCL24), eotaxin-3 (CCL26), and the eotaxin receptor, CCR3. We tested discarded surgical samples of developing human lung tissue using quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) and immunostaining for expression of CCL11, CCL24, CCL26, and CCR3. We assessed possible functionality of the eotaxin-CCR3 system by treating lung explant cultures with exogenous CCL11 and analyzing the cultures for evidence of changes in proliferation and activation of ERK1/2, a signaling pathway associated with CCR3. QRT-PCR analyses of 22 developing lung tissue samples with gestational ages 10-23 wk demonstrated that eotaxin-1 mRNA is most abundant in developing lung, whereas mRNAs for eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 are minimally detectable. CCL11 mRNA levels correlated with gestational age (P < 0.05), and immunoreactivity was localized predominantly to airway epithelial cells. QRT-PCR analysis detected CCR3 expression in 16 of 19 developing lung samples. Supporting functional capacity in the immature lung, CCL11 treatment of lung explant cultures resulted in significantly increased (P < 0.05) cell proliferation and activation of the ERK signaling pathway, which is downstream from CCR3, suggesting that proliferation was due to activation of CCR3 receptors by CCL11. We conclude that developing lung expresses the eotaxins and functional CCR3 receptor. CCL11 may promote airway epithelial proliferation in the developing lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J Haley
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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