1
|
Afsar B, Afsar RE, Caliskan Y, Lentine KL, Edwards JC. Renin angiotensin system-induced muscle wasting: putative mechanisms and implications for clinicians. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05043-8. [PMID: 38811433 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Renin angiotensin system (RAS) alters various mechanisms related to muscle wasting. The RAS system consists of classical and non-classical pathways, which mostly function differently. Classical RAS pathway, operates through angiotensin II (AngII) and angiotensin type 1 receptors, is associated with muscle wasting and sarcopenia. On the other hand, the non-classical RAS pathway, which operates through angiotensin 1-7 and Mas receptor, is protective against sarcopenia. The classical RAS pathway might induce muscle wasting by variety of mechanisms. AngII reduces body weight, via reduction in food intake, possibly by decreasing hypothalamic expression of orexin and neuropeptide Y, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signaling, AngII increases skeletal muscle proteolysis by forkhead box transcription factors (FOXO), caspase activation and muscle RING-finger protein-1 transcription. Furthermore, AngII infusion in skeletal muscle reduces phospho-Bad (Ser136) expression and induces apoptosis through increased cytochrome c release and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, Renin angiotensin system activation through AT1R and AngII stimulates tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 which induces muscle wasting, Last but not least classical RAS pathway, induce oxidative stress, disturb mitochondrial energy metabolism, and muscle satellite cells which all lead to muscle wasting and decrease muscle regeneration. On the contrary, the non-classical RAS pathway functions oppositely to mitigate these mechanisms and protects against muscle wasting. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of RAS-induced muscle wasting and putative implications for clinical practice. We also emphasize the areas of uncertainties and suggest potential research areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yasar Caliskan
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Krista L Lentine
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Edwards
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kowalik S, O'reilly M, Niedźwiedź A, Kędzierski W. Equine Asthma Does Not Affect Circulating Myostatin Concentrations in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:799. [PMID: 38473184 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The number of horses suffering from chronic respiratory diseases, resembling human asthma, is increasing but there is still a lack of reliable and accurate methods to detect these disorders. Numerous studies have found elevated plasma concentrations of one of the myokines, namely, myostatin (MSTN), in people suffering from severe asthma. MSTN normally inhibits myoblast proliferation and differentiation through autocrine or paracrine signals. Therefore, given the pathogenesis of asthma, we hypothesize that MSTN could be a useful biomarker of equine asthma. Thus, this study aimed to compare the concentration of MSTN in the blood plasma of fully healthy and asthmatic horses. (2) Methods: A total of 61 horses were clinically examined to confirm or exclude the occurrence of equine asthma, including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cytology performed on 49 horses. This study included three groups of horses, two of which were clinically healthy, and one of which was asthmatic. (3) Results: The mean circulatory MSTN concentration determined using the ELISA method in asthmatic horses was significantly higher than that in clinically healthy young Thoroughbred racehorses (p < 0.05), but it did not differ as compared to the group of healthy, adult leisure horses. (4) Conclusions: The obtained results did not unambiguously support our original hypothesis that MSTM may be a reliable marker for the early diagnosis of equine asthma. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the plasma MSTN concentration in equine asthma patients, and therefore further studies are needed to confirm our novel findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Kowalik
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maisie O'reilly
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 47, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Niedźwiedź
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 47, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Witold Kędzierski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Esteca MV, Divino IA, Vieira da Silva AL, Severino MB, Braga RR, Ropelle ER, Simabuco FM, Baptista IL. Parkin is a critical player in the effects of caffeine over mitochondrial quality control pathways during skeletal muscle regeneration in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14111. [PMID: 38314948 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine on pathways associated with mitochondrial quality control and mitochondrial capacity during skeletal muscle regeneration, focusing on the role of Parkin, a key protein involved in mitophagy. METHODS We used in vitro C2C12 myoblast during differentiation with and without caffeine in the medium, and we evaluated several markers of mitochondrial quality control pathways and myotube growth. In vivo experiments, we used C57BL/6J (WT) and Parkintm 1Shn lineage (Parkin-/- ) mice and injured tibial anterior muscle. The mice regenerated TA muscle for 3, 10, and 21 days with or without caffeine ingestion. TA muscle was used to analyze the protein content of several markers of mitochondrial quality pathways, muscle satellite cell differentiation, and protein synthesis. Furthermore, it analyzed mtDNA, mitochondrial respiration, and myofiber growth. RESULTS C2C12 differentiation experiments showed that caffeine decreased Parkin content, potentially leading to increased DRP1 and PGC-1α content and altered mitochondrial population, thereby enhancing growth capacity. Using Parkin-/- mice, we found that caffeine intake during the regenerative process induces an increase in AMPKα phosphorylation and PGC-1α and TFAM content, changes that were partly Parkin-dependent. In addition, the absence of Parkin potentiates the ergogenic effect of caffeine by increasing mitochondrial capacity and myotube growth. Those effects are related to increased ATF4 content and activation of protein synthesis pathways, such as increased 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that caffeine ingestion changes mitochondrial quality control during skeletal muscle regeneration, and Parkin is a central player in those mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Esteca
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - I A Divino
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - A L Vieira da Silva
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - M B Severino
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Multidisciplinarity Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - R R Braga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - E R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - F M Simabuco
- Multidisciplinarity Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I L Baptista
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Q, Yan Y, Tao Y, Lu S, Xu P, Qiang J. Transcriptional Knock-down of mstn Encoding Myostatin Improves Muscle Quality of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:951-965. [PMID: 37755584 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Myostatin (encoded by mstn) negatively regulates skeletal muscle mass and affects lipid metabolism. To explore the regulatory effects of mstn on muscle development and lipid metabolism in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), we used antisense RNA to transcriptionally knock-down mstn. At 180 days, the body weight and body length were significantly higher in the mstn-knock-down group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, fish with mstn-knock-down exhibited myofiber hyperplasia but not hypertrophy. Oil red O staining revealed a remarkable increase in the area of lipid droplets in muscle in the mstn-knockdown group (p < 0.05). Nutrient composition analyses of muscle tissue showed that the crude fat content was significantly increased in the mstn-knock-down group (p < 0.05). The contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were all significantly increased in the mstn-knock-down group (p < 0.05). Comparative transcriptome analyses revealed 2420 significant differentially expressed genes between the mstn-knock-down group and the control group. KEGG analysis indicates that disruptions to fatty acid degradation, glycerolipid metabolism, and the PPAR signaling pathway affect muscle development and lipid metabolism in mstn-knock-down Nile tilapia: acaa2, eci1, and lepr were remarkably up-regulated, and acadvl, lpl, foxo3, myod1, myog, and myf5 were significantly down-regulated (p < 0.05). These results show that knock-down of mstn results in abnormal lipid metabolism, acceleration of skeletal muscle development, and increased adipogenesis and weight gain in Nile tilapia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishes and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yifan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishes and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Siqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishes and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishes and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishes and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang B, Liu P, Sheng H, Guo Y, Han Y, Suo L, Yuan Q. New Insight into the Potential Protective Function of Sulforaphene against ROS-Mediated Oxidative Stress Damage In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13129. [PMID: 37685936 PMCID: PMC10487408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphene (SFE) is a kind of isothiocyanate isolated from radish seeds that can prevent free-radical-induced diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of SFE on oxidative-stress-induced damage and its molecular mechanism in vitro and in vivo. The results of cell experiments show that SFE can alleviate D-gal-induced cytotoxicity, promote cell cycle transformation by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptosis, and show a protective effect on cells with H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, the results of mice experiments show that SFE can alleviate D-galactose-induced kidney damage by inhibiting ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 4-hydroxyalkenals (4-HNE) production; protect the kidney against oxidative stress-induced damage by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and upregulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway; and inhibit the activity of pro-inflammatory factors by downregulating the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammatory response. In conclusion, this research shows that SFE has antioxidant effects, providing a new perspective for studying the anti-aging properties of natural compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (B.Z.); (P.L.); (H.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (L.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lionikas A, Hernandez Cordero AI, Kilikevicius A, Carroll AM, Bewick GS, Bunger L, Ratkevicius A, Heisler LK, Harboe M, Oxvig C. Stanniocalcin-2 inhibits skeletal muscle growth and is upregulated in functional overload-induced hypertrophy. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15793. [PMID: 37568262 PMCID: PMC10510475 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) has recently been implicated in human muscle mass variability by genetic analysis. Biochemically, STC2 inhibits the proteolytic activity of the metalloproteinase PAPP-A, which promotes muscle growth by upregulating the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis. The aim was to examine if STC2 affects skeletal muscle mass and to assess how the IGF axis mediates muscle hypertrophy induced by functional overload. METHODS We compared muscle mass and muscle fiber morphology between Stc2-/- (n = 21) and wild-type (n = 15) mice. We then quantified IGF1, IGF2, IGF binding proteins -4 and -5 (IGFBP-4, IGFBP-5), PAPP-A and STC2 in plantaris muscles of wild-type mice subjected to 4-week unilateral overload (n = 14). RESULTS Stc2-/- mice showed up to 10% larger muscle mass compared with wild-type mice. This increase was mediated by greater cross-sectional area of muscle fibers. Overload increased plantaris mass and components of the IGF axis, including quantities of IGF1 (by 2.41-fold, p = 0.0117), IGF2 (1.70-fold, p = 0.0461), IGFBP-4 (1.48-fold, p = 0.0268), PAPP-A (1.30-fold, p = 0.0154) and STC2 (1.28-fold, p = 0.019). CONCLUSION Here we provide evidence that STC2 is an inhibitor of muscle growth upregulated, along with other components of the IGF axis, during overload-induced muscle hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arimantas Lionikas
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Ana I. Hernandez Cordero
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationUniversity of British Columbia, St. Paul's HospitalVancouverCanada
| | - Audrius Kilikevicius
- Department of Health Promotion and RehabilitationLithuanian Sports UniversityKaunasLithuania
| | - Andrew M. Carroll
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Guy S. Bewick
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Lutz Bunger
- Animal Genetics Company (AnGeCo)EdinburghScotland
| | - Aivaras Ratkevicius
- Department of Health Promotion and RehabilitationLithuanian Sports UniversityKaunasLithuania
| | - Lora K. Heisler
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Mette Harboe
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang M, Liu C, Jiang N, Liu Y, Luo S, Li C, Zhao H, Han Y, Chen W, Li L, Xiao L, Sun L. Myostatin: a potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1181913. [PMID: 37288303 PMCID: PMC10242177 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1181913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex metabolic disorder, its main clinical manifestations are obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Although metabolic syndrome has been the focus of research in recent decades, it has been proposed that the occurrence and development of metabolic syndrome is related to pathophysiological processes such as insulin resistance, adipose tissue dysfunction and chronic inflammation, but there is still a lack of favorable clinical prevention and treatment measures for metabolic syndrome. Multiple studies have shown that myostatin (MSTN), a member of the TGF-β family, is involved in the development and development of obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension (clinical manifestations of metabolic syndrome), and thus may be a potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. In this review, we describe the transcriptional regulation and receptor binding pathway of MSTN, then introduce the role of MSTN in regulating mitochondrial function and autophagy, review the research progress of MSTN in metabolic syndrome. Finally summarize some MSTN inhibitors under clinical trial and proposed the use of MSTN inhibitor as a potential target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chongbin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jung UJ. Sarcopenic Obesity: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Flavonoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051063. [PMID: 37237929 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity, which refers to concurrent sarcopenia and obesity, is characterized by decreased muscle mass, strength, and performance along with abnormally excessive fat mass. Sarcopenic obesity has received considerable attention as a major health threat in older people. However, it has recently become a health problem in the general population. Sarcopenic obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome and other complications such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, liver disease, lung disease, renal disease, mental disease and functional disability. The pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity is multifactorial and complicated, and it is caused by insulin resistance, inflammation, hormonal changes, decreased physical activity, poor diet and aging. Oxidative stress is a core mechanism underlying sarcopenic obesity. Some evidence indicates a protective role of antioxidant flavonoids in sarcopenic obesity, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This review summarizes the general characteristics and pathophysiology of sarcopenic obesity and focuses on the role of oxidative stress in sarcopenic obesity. The potential benefits of flavonoids in sarcopenic obesity have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhong Q, Zheng K, Li W, An K, Liu Y, Xiao X, Hai S, Dong B, Li S, An Z, Dai L. Post-translational regulation of muscle growth, muscle aging and sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023. [PMID: 37127279 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle makes up 30-40% of the total body mass. It is of great significance in maintaining digestion, inhaling and exhaling, sustaining body posture, exercising, protecting joints and many other aspects. Moreover, muscle is also an important metabolic organ that helps to maintain the balance of sugar and fat. Defective skeletal muscle function not only limits the daily activities of the elderly but also increases the risk of disability, hospitalization and death, placing a huge burden on society and the healthcare system. Sarcopenia is a progressive decline in muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function with age caused by environmental and genetic factors, such as the abnormal regulation of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs). To date, many studies have shown that numerous PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glycosylation, glycation, methylation, S-nitrosylation, carbonylation and S-glutathionylation, are involved in the regulation of muscle health and diseases. This article systematically summarizes the post-translational regulation of muscle growth and muscle atrophy and helps to understand the pathophysiology of muscle aging and develop effective strategies for diagnosing, preventing and treating sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanmeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xina Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Hai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang Y, Zhong M, Zhan H, Tao X, Zhang Y, Mao J, Geng Z, Gao B. Integrated strategy of network pharmacology, molecular docking, HPLC-DAD and mice model for exploring active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms of Penthorum chinense Pursh against alcoholic liver injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115589. [PMID: 35926779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Penthorum chinense Pursh (PCP, Saxifragaceae) is an edible plant and frequently-used Chinese herbal medicine, and is commonly used as Miao medicine in China. It showed well effect on alcoholic liver injury (ALI), but studies on its active ingredients and mechanisms against ALI remain at the starting stage. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aims to explore the active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms of PCP against ALI. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, network pharmacology was applied to decipher the potential active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms of PCP against ALI by ingredient identification, ADMET evaluation, target identification, network construction and analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and gene enrichment analysis. Second, molecular docking was used to explore the interaction between key active ingredient and hub protein of PCP against ALI. Then, the ingredient analysis of PCP aqueous extract and semiquantitative analysis of key active ingredient were carried out on HPLC-DAD. Subsequently, mice with ALI were used to investigate the therapeutic effect or verify the predicted mechanisms of PCP or key active ingredient against ALI by analyzing body weight, liver index, ALT and AST activities in serum and liver tissues, oxidation related indices (SOD activity, GSH level and MDA level) in liver tissues, histopathology of liver tissues (oil red O, hematoxylin-eosin and DAB-TUNEL staining), and changes of related proteins (PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, Bax and Bcl-2) in liver tissues with the aid of Western blot. RESULTS Network pharmacology showed that the active ingredients and related genes of PCP against ALI comprised 10 ingredients and 52 genes. Based on the result of ingredient analysis of PCP aqueous extract, quercitrin was identified as the key active ingredient of PCP against ALI. PPI analysis indicated that AKT1 was the hub gene of PCP against ALI, and molecular docking suggested that there were good interaction between quercetin and Akt1 protein. Gene enrichment analysis showed that the pivotal molecular mechanism of PCP against ALI might be to inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis via activation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. PCP and quercitrin showed anti-ALI effect by offsetting weight loss and increase of liver index, and reversing the imbalance of oxidative stress and histopathological changes of liver tissues (abnormal fatty acid metabolism, hepatic cord swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration) in mice with ALI. PCP caused the decrease of DAB-TUNEL-positive cells, upregulated the anti-apoptotic proteins (PI3K, Akt and p-Akt) levels and the ratio of p-Akt/Akt, and downregulated pro-apoptotic protein (Bax) level and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in liver tissues of mice with ALI, indicating that the mechanism of PCP against ALI involved in inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis via activation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION PCP and quercitrin showed well anti-ALI effect. The key active ingredient of PCP against ALI was identified as quercitrin. The underlying pharmacological mechanisms of PCP against ALI may be related to PI3K-Akt signaling pathway-mediated inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis. This work provided new evidence to support the application of PCP in treatment of ALI, and a research basis for the research and development of functional foods or drugs against ALI from PCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunbin Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Mei Zhong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Hupo Zhan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Xingbao Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Institute of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medical College, Lhasa, 850000, China.
| | - Jingxin Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Zhao Geng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Sichuan Institute for Drug Control, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Bixing Gao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Sichuan Institute for Drug Control, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu XH, Pan JP, Bauman WA, Cardozo C. Myostatin inhibits insulin-like growth factor 1-dependent citrate secretion and osteogenesis via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-4 in a mouse mesenchymal stem cell line. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1517:203-212. [PMID: 36072988 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Citrate is an indispensable component of bone. Reduced levels of citrate in bone and serum are reported in the elderly and in osteoporosis patients. Myostatin (Mstn) is implicated in skeletal homeostasis, but its effects on osteogenesis remain incompletely understood. Nox4 has critical roles in bone homeostasis. TGF-β/Mstn-associated Smad2/3 signaling has been linked to Nox4 expression. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) has been shown to counteract many regulatory effects of Mstn. However, the crosstalk among Mstn, IGF-1, and Nox4 is not well understood; the interactive effects of those factors on citrate secretion, osteogenic differentiation, and bone remodeling remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that osteogenic differentiation induced an IGF-1-dependent upregulation of citrate secretion that was suppressed by Mstn. Inhibition of Nox4 prevented Mstn-induced reduction of citrate secretion. In addition, Mstn reduced bone nodule formation; these changes were prevented by Nox4 inhibition. Moreover, Mstn increased the ratio of RANKL to OPG mRNAs to favor osteoclast activation. These results indicate that Mstn negatively regulates osteogenesis by increasing levels of Nox4, which reduced IGF-1 expression, citrate secretion, and bone mineralization while also altering the RANKL to OPG ratio. These findings provide new and highly relevant insights into the osseous effects of myostatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hua Liu
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peter VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jiang Ping Pan
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peter VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - William A Bauman
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peter VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Medical Service, James J. Peter VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher Cardozo
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peter VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Medical Service, James J. Peter VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
FBXL16 Promotes Endometrial Progesterone Resistance via PP2AB55α/Cyclin D1 Axis in Ishikawa. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:7372202. [PMID: 36106050 PMCID: PMC9467819 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7372202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background F-box proteins are essential components of the E3 ubiquitin ligases which are involved in the regulation of almost all life activities such as cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis, which have become an important research and drug target. However, there are few studies on F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 16 (FBXL16) in endometrial carcinoma. Methods Clinical samples were collected for determining the correlation between FBXL16 and endometrial carcinoma. Cells were screened and established with Ishikawa cells which proved the fundamental role of FBXL16 in regulating cell proliferation and cell cycle. The MPA-resistant endometrial carcinoma cell line Ishikawa/MPA was established. FBXL16, PP2AB55α, and cyclin D1 were analyzed separately in MPA sensitive and resistant Ishikawa cells in vitro and in vivo. Results The high expression of FBXL16 was positively correlated with MPA resistance and poor prognosis of endometrial cancer. MPA tolerance of endometrial cancer cells was inhibited by knockdown of FBXL16 in DNA content assessment, CCK-8, and colony formation. It was confirmed that FBXL16 inhibited the activity of substrate PP2AB55α by binding to PP2A, reduced the phosphorylation level at Thr308 site of AKT1, inhibited the expression of GSK-3β, and thus led to a significant decrease in the phosphorylation level of cyclin D1, which prevented the ubiquitination recognition and degradation of cyclin D1. Conclusion In our experiments, FBXL16 binds PP2A to promote the dephosphorylation of Thr286 site of cyclin D1 via AKT1/GSK3β/cyclin D1 pathway, which is required for resisting the ubiquitination degradation and enhances the MPA resistance of Ishikawa.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen S, Li L. Degradation strategy of cyclin D1 in cancer cells and the potential clinical application. Front Oncol 2022; 12:949688. [PMID: 36059670 PMCID: PMC9434365 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.949688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 has been reported to be upregulated in several solid and hematologic tumors, promoting cancer progression. Thus, decreasing cyclin D1 by degradation could be a promising target strategy for cancer therapy. This mini review summarizes the roles of cyclin D1 in tumorigenesis and progression and its degradation strategies. Besides, we proposed an exploration of the degradation of cyclin D1 by FBX4, an F box protein belonging to the E3 ligase SKP-CUL-F-box (SCF) complex, which mediates substrate ubiquitination, as well as a postulate about the concrete combination mode of FBX4 and cyclin D1. Furthermore, we proposed a possible photodynamic therapy strategythat is based on the above concrete combination mode for treating superficial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Chen
- The Sixth Student Battalion, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Li,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Srivastava S, Rathor R, Singh SN, Suryakumar G. Insight into the role of myokines and myogenic regulatory factors under hypobaric hypoxia induced skeletal muscle loss. Biomarkers 2022; 27:753-763. [PMID: 35946424 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2112290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The present study aimed to analyze the role of myokines and the regeneration capacity of skeletal muscle during chronic hypobaric hypoxia (HH).Method: Male SD rats were exposed to HH for 1d, 3d, and 7d.Results: Exposure to HH enhanced the levels of decorin, irisin, IL-6 and IL-15 till 3 days of hypoxia and on 7 day of exposure, no significant changes were observed in relation to control. A significant upregulation in myostatin, AMPK, SMAD3, SMAD4, FOXO-1, MURF-1 expression was observed with prolonged HH exposure as compared to normoxic control. Further, myogenesis-related markers, PAX-7, Cyclin D1, and MYOG were downregulated during chronic HH exposure in comparison to control. Energy metabolism regulators such as SIRT1, PGC-1α, and GLUT-4, were also increased on 1d HH exposure that showed a declining trend on chronic HH exposure.Conclusion: These results indicated the impairment in the levels of myokines and myogenesis during prolonged hypoxia. Chronic HH exposure enhanced the levels of myostatin and reduced the regeneration or repair capacity of the skeletal muscles. Myokine levels could be a predictive biomarker for evaluating skeletal muscle performance and loss at high altitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Srivastava
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054
| | - Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054
| | - Som Nath Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang F, Liu S, Qu J, Zhang Q. Identification and functional characterization of Pomstna in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Gene 2022; 837:146675. [PMID: 35738447 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) as a negative regulator of muscle growth has been identified in Japanese flounder. Yet, most fish experienced the teleost specific genome duplication and possess at least two mstn genes. In current study, the second mstn gene named Pomstna is identified in Japanese flounder. Pomstna is clustered with other mstn2 of teleosts and owned highly conserved TGF-beta domain. In addition to muscle, Pomstna also highly expressed in brain and spleen. Using the primarily cultured muscle cells of Japanese flounder, we found that Pomstna could inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells in vitro. As a ligand of TGF-beta signaling pathway, Pomstnb could regulate the expression of p21 and myod by activating the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Different from the function of Pomstnb, Pomstna could not activate the TGF-beta signaling pathway in vitro. During the differentiation of PoM cells, the expression of Pomstnb decreased significantly but the expression of Pomstna showed no change. Our study suggests that Pomstna could negatively regulate the growth and differentiation of muscle like Pomstnb yet through a different regulatory mechanism than Pomstnb. The present study suggests that muscle proliferation and differentiation were regulated by mstn not only through the TGF-beta signaling pathway but also other unknown mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Saisai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiangbo Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, 572000 Sanya, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Wu L, Riaz H, Li Z, Shi D, Rehman SU, Liu Q, Cui K. Generation of Heritable Prominent Double Muscle Buttock Rabbits via Novel Site Editing of Myostatin Gene Using CRISPR/Cas9 System. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:842074. [PMID: 35669173 PMCID: PMC9165342 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.842074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabbits have been domesticated for meat, wool, and fur production, and have also been cherished as a companion, artistic inspiration, and an experimental model to study many human diseases. In the present study, the muscle mass negative regulator gene myostatin (MSTN) was knocked out in rabbits at two novel sites in exon3, and the function of these mutations was determined in subsequent generations. The prominent double muscle phenotype with hyperplasia or hypertrophy of muscle fiber was observed in the MSTN-KO rabbits, and a similar phenotype was confirmed in the F1 generation. Moreover, the average weight of 80-day-old MSTN-KO rabbits (2,452 ± 63 g) was higher than that of wild-type rabbits (2,393.2 ± 106.88 g), and also the bodyweight of MSTN-KO rabbits (3,708 ± 43.06g) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) at the age of 180 days than wild-type (WT) rabbits (3,224 ± 48.64g). In MSTN-KO rabbits, fourteen rabbit pups from the F1 generation and thirteen from the F2 generation stably inherited the induced MSTN gene mutations. Totally, 194 pups were produced in the F1 generation of which 49 were MSTN-KO rabbits, while 47 pups were produced in the F2 generation of which 20 were edited rabbits, and the ratio of edited to wild-type rabbits in the F2 generation was approximately 1:1. Thus, we successfully generated a heritable double muscle buttocks rabbits via myostatin mutation with CRISPR/Cas9 system, which could be valuable in rabbit's meat production and also a useful animal model to study the development of muscles among livestock species and improve their important economic traits as well as the human muscle development-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Liyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hasan Riaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Saif Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qingyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Kuiqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Anticancer Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Drimane and Coloratane Sesquiterpenoids. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082501. [PMID: 35458699 PMCID: PMC9031474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drimane and coloratane sesquiterpenoids are present in several plants, microorganisms, and marine life. Because of their cytotoxic activity, these sesquiterpenoids have received increasing attention as a source for new anticancer drugs and pharmacophores. Natural drimanes and coloratanes, as well as their semi-synthetic derivatives, showed promising results against cancer cell lines with in vitro activities in the low micro- and nanomolar range. Despite their high potential as novel anticancer agents, the mode of action and structure–activity relationships of drimanes and coloratanes have not been completely enlightened nor systematically reviewed. Our review aims to give an overview of known structures and derivatizations of this class of sesquiterpenoids, as well as their activity against cancer cells and potential modes-of-action. The cytotoxic activities of about 40 natural and 25 semi-synthetic drimanes and coloratanes are discussed. In addition to that, we give a summary about the clinical significance of drimane and coloratane sesquiterpenoids.
Collapse
|
18
|
Inhibition of Growth of Colon Tumors and Proliferation of HT-29 Cells by Warburgia ugandensis Extract through Mediating G 0/G 1 Cell Cycle Arrest, Cell Apoptosis, and Intracellular ROS Generation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:8807676. [PMID: 35003521 PMCID: PMC8736697 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8807676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (W. ugandensis), widely distributed in Africa, is a traditional medicinal plant used for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. We intended to evaluate the anticolorectal cancer (CRC) activities of the crude extract from W. ugandensis (WUD) and reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms of its action. We found that WUD inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 and HCT116 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner and induced intracellular ROS generation. The inhibitory effect of WUD on the proliferation of HT-29 and HCT116 cells could be attenuated by NAC (a ROS scavenger) in a dose-dependent manner. WUD induced G0/G1 phase arrest, down-regulated the protein expression of Cyclin D1 via ROS accumulation in HT-29 cells. In search of the molecular mechanism involved in WUD-induced Cyclin D1 down-regulation, it was found that WUD can suppress PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway in HT-29 cells. Next, it was found that WUD also activated apoptosis, poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) cleavage and down-regulated pro-caspase 3 in HT-29 and HCT116 cells. Besides, WUD decreased the growth of colon tumors in vivo in the xenograft mouse model. We demonstrated for the first time that ROS and their modulation in the corresponding intracellular signaling could play a significant role in the potential activity of WUD against CRC cells.
Collapse
|
19
|
Esposito P, Picciotto D, Battaglia Y, Costigliolo F, Viazzi F, Verzola D. Myostatin: Basic biology to clinical application. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 106:181-234. [PMID: 35152972 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myostatin is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily. It is expressed by animal and human skeletal muscle cells where it limits muscle growth and promotes protein breakdown. Its effects are influenced by complex mechanisms including transcriptional and epigenetic regulation and modulation by extracellular binding proteins. Due to its actions in promoting muscle atrophy and cachexia, myostatin has been investigated as a promising therapeutic target to counteract muscle mass loss in experimental models and patients affected by different muscle-wasting conditions. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that myostatin, beyond to regulate skeletal muscle growth, may have a role in many physiologic and pathologic processes, such as obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. In this chapter, we review myostatin biology, including intracellular and extracellular regulatory pathways, and the role of myostatin in modulating physiologic processes, such as muscle growth and aging. Moreover, we discuss the most relevant experimental and clinical evidence supporting the extra-muscle effects of myostatin. Finally, we consider the main strategies developed and tested to inhibit myostatin in clinical trials and discuss the limits and future perspectives of the research on myostatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Esposito
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
| | - Daniela Picciotto
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Yuri Battaglia
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, St. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Costigliolo
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Viazzi
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Verzola
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Y, Wang J, Hu H, Wang H, Wang C, Lin H, Zhao X. Dynamic transcriptome profiles of postnatal porcine skeletal muscle growth and development. BMC Genom Data 2021; 22:32. [PMID: 34488628 PMCID: PMC8419915 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-00984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle growth and development are closely associated with the quantity and quality of pork production. We performed a transcriptomic analysis of 12 Longissimus dorsi muscle samples from Tibetan piglets at four postnatal stages of 0, 14, 30, and 60 days using RNA sequencing. RESULTS According to the pairwise comparisons between the libraries of the muscle samples at the four postnatal stages, a total of 4115 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in terms of |log2(fold change)| ≥ 1 and an adjusted P value < 0.01. Short-time series expression miner (STEM) analysis of the DEGs identified eight significantly different expression profiles, which were divided into two clusters based on the expression pattern. DEGs in cluster I displayed a pattern of decreasing to a nadir, and then a rise, and the significantly enriched gene ontology (GO) terms detected using them were involved in multiple processes, of which the cell cycle, immunocyte activation and proliferation, as well as actin cytoskeleton organization, were the top three overrepresented processes based on the GO terms functional classification. DEGs in cluster II displayed a pattern of increasing to a peak, then declining, which mainly contributed to protein metabolism. Furthermore, besides the pathways related to immune system, a few diseases, and protein metabolism, the DEGs in clusters I and II were significantly enriched in pathways related to muscle growth and development, such as the Rap1, PI3K-Akt, AMPK, and mTOR signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed GO terms and pathways that could affect the postnatal muscle growth and development in piglets. In addition, this study provides crucial information concerning the molecular mechanisms of muscle growth and development as well as an overview of the piglet transcriptome dynamics throughout the postnatal period in terms of growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiying Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huaizhong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haichao Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Paek HJ, Luo ZB, Choe HM, Quan BH, Gao K, Han SZ, Li ZY, Kang JD, Yin XJ. Association of myostatin deficiency with collagen related disease-umbilical hernia and tippy toe standing in pigs. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:663-674. [PMID: 34304368 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we investigate the high incidence of umbilical hernia and tippy-toe standing and their underlying changes in gene expression and proliferation in myostatin knockout (MSTN-/-) pigs. Thirty-six male MSTN-/- pigs were generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). These pigs presented a considerably high incidence of tippy-toe standing and umbilical hernia (69.4% and 61.1%, respectively). The tendon to body weight ratio was significantly lower than wild-type pigs (0.202 ± 0.017 vs 0.250 ± 0.004, respectively). The crimp length of the MSTN-/- tendon was significantly longer than that of wild-type pigs. The expression of MSTN and the activin type IIB (ACVR2B) was detected in the tendon and linea alba of MSTN-/- pigs. MSTN treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in both tendon and linea alba fibroblasts. Type I collagen (Col1A) and Scleraxis (Scx) expression levels in the tendon and linea alba of MSTN-/- pigs were significantly lower than those in wild-type in vivo, whereas and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21) expression levels were higher. Treatment of tendon and linea alba fibroblasts with recombinant MSTN increased Col1A and Scx and decreased p21 expression in vivo. Moreover, there was a significant increase in fibroblast proliferation after treatment. The results indicated that MSTN regulates collagen expression and proliferation in tendon and linea alba fibroblasts; thus, MSTN deficiency causes collagen-related pathological features in MSTN-/- pigs. Hence, MSTN could be used as a therapeutic target for treating UH and tendon abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Paek
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Zhao-Bo Luo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Hak-Myong Choe
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Biao-Hu Quan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Han
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Zhou-Yan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Xi-Jun Yin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lodberg A. Principles of the activin receptor signaling pathway and its inhibition. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 60:1-17. [PMID: 33933900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review captures the anabolic and stimulatory effects observed with inhibition of the transforming growth factor β superfamily in muscle, blood, and bone. New medicinal substances that rectify activin, myostatin, and growth differentiation factor 11 signaling give hope to the many whose lives are affected by deterioration of these tissues. The review first covers the origin, structure, and common pathway of activins, myostatin, and growth differentiation factor 11 along with the pharmacodynamics of the new class of molecules designed to oppose the activin receptor signaling pathway. Current terminology surrounding this new class of molecules is inconsistent and does not infer functionality. Adopting inhibitors of the activin receptor signaling pathway (IASPs) as a generic term is proposed because it encapsulates the molecular mechanisms along the pathway trajectory. To conclude, a pragmatic classification of IASPs is presented that integrates functionality and side effects based on the data available from animals and humans. This provides researchers and clinicians with a tool to tailor IASPs therapy according to the need of projects or patients and with respect to side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lodberg
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Wilhelm Meyers Allé, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ran H, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Hu Q, Zhao J, Wang K, Tong X, Su Q. MondoA Is Required for Normal Myogenesis and Regulation of the Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Content in Mice. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:439-451. [PMID: 32431117 PMCID: PMC8164950 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the human body, and it plays a major role in exerting force and maintaining metabolism homeostasis. The role of muscle transcription factors in the regulation of metabolism is not fully understood. MondoA is a glucose-sensing transcription factor that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle. Previous studies suggest that MondoA can influence systemic metabolism homeostasis. However, the function of MondoA in the skeletal muscle remains unclear. METHODS We generated muscle-specific MondoA knockout (MAKO) mice and analyzed the skeletal muscle morphology and glycogen content. Along with skeletal muscle from MAKO mice, C2C12 myocytes transfected with small interfering RNA against MondoA were also used to investigate the role and potential mechanism of MondoA in the development and glycogen metabolism of skeletal muscle. RESULTS MAKO caused muscle fiber atrophy, reduced the proportion of type II fibers compared to type I fibers, and increased the muscle glycogen level. MondoA knockdown inhibited myoblast proliferation, migration, and differentiation by inhibiting the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Further mechanistic experiments revealed that the increased muscle glycogen in MAKO mice was caused by thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) downregulation, which led to upregulation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), potentially increasing glucose uptake. CONCLUSION MondoA appears to mediate mouse myofiber development, and MondoA decreases the muscle glycogen level. The findings indicate the potential function of MondoA in skeletal muscle, linking the glucose-related transcription factor to myogenesis and skeletal myofiber glycogen metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ran
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyue Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junmei Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li N, Jiang S, Fu R, Lv J, Yao J, Mai J, Hua X, Chen H, Liu J, Lu M. Cleavage and polyadenylation-specific factor 3 induces cell cycle arrest via PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathways and predicts a negative prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomark Med 2021; 15:347-358. [PMID: 33666519 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have shown that cleavage and polyadenylation-specific factor 3 (CPSF3) is a promising antitumor therapeutic target, but its potential role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been reported. Materials & methods: We explored the expression pattern of CPSF3 in HCC through bioinformatics analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot. The potential role of CPSF3 as a biomarker for HCC was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Next, changes in HCC cell lines in the CPSF3 knockdown model group and the control group were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8, clonal formation, flow cytometry and EdU staining. Western blot detected changes in protein levels of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β axis of two HCC cell lines in the knockdown group and the control group. Results: The results showed that the transcription and protein levels of CPSF3 were significantly higher in HCC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.05). The HCC cohort with increased expression of CPSF3 is associated with advanced stage and differentiation and predicts poorer prognosis (p < 0.05). CPSF3 knockdown significantly inhibited proliferation and clone formation of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cell lines. Flow cytometry analysis showed G1-S cell cycle arrest in the CPSF3 knockdown group, and the results of EdU staining were consistent with this. Compared with the control group, p-Akt and cyclin D1 were decreased, and GSK-3β was increased in the knockdown group. Conclusion: CPSF3 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker and candidate therapeutic target for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of HBP Surgery II, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Shaotao Jiang
- Department of HBP Surgery II, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Rongdang Fu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Jin Lv
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Jiyou Yao
- Department of HBP Surgery II, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Jialuo Mai
- Department of HBP Surgery II, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Xuefeng Hua
- Department of HBP Surgery II, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of HBP Surgery II, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of HBP Surgery II, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Minqiang Lu
- Department of HBP Surgery II, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang R, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Wang C, Song J, Lu G, Feng T, Wang S, Sun X, Meng J, Hao L. Effects and Molecular Mechanism of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of MEG3 on Porcine Skeletal Muscle Development. Front Genet 2021; 12:607910. [PMID: 33692824 PMCID: PMC7937967 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.607910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is a long non-coding RNA that is a crucial regulator of skeletal muscle development. Some single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutants in MEG3 had strong associations with meat quality traits. Nevertheless, the function and mechanism of MEG3 mutants on porcine skeletal muscle development have not yet been well-demonstrated. In this study, eight SNPs were identified in MEG3 of fat- and lean-type pig breeds. Four of these SNPs (g.3087C > T, g.3108C > T, g.3398C > T, and g.3971A > C) were significantly associated with meat quality and consisted of the CCCA haplotype for fat-type pigs and the TTCC haplotype for lean-type pigs. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the expression of MEG3-TTCC was higher than that of MEG3-CCCA in transcription level (P < 0.01). The stability assay showed that the lncRNA stability of MEG3-TTCC was lower than that of MEG3-CCCA (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results of qRT-PCR, Western blot, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays demonstrated that the overexpression of MEG3-TTCC more significantly inhibited the proliferation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs) than that of MEG3-CCCA (P < 0.05). Moreover, the overexpression of MEG3-TTCC more significantly promoted the differentiation of SCs than that of MEG3-CCCA (P < 0.05). The Western blot assay suggested that the overexpression of MEG3-TTCC and MEG3-CCCA inhibited the proliferation of SCs by inhibiting PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways. The overexpression of the two haplotypes also promoted the differentiation of SCs by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in different degrees. These data are valuable for further studies on understanding the crucial role of lncRNAs in skeletal muscle development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinuo Liu
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Cheng
- College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Song
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanhong Lu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianqi Feng
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyao Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jilun Meng
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Linlin Hao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Isolation and Characterization of Compounds from Glycyrrhiza uralensis as Therapeutic Agents for the Muscle Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020876. [PMID: 33467209 PMCID: PMC7830955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue and constitutes about 40% of total body mass. Herein, we report that crude water extract (CWE) of G. uralensis enhanced myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Pretreatment of mice with the CWE of G. uralensis prior to cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury was found to enhance muscle regeneration by inducing myogenic gene expression and downregulating myostatin expression. Furthermore, this extract reduced nitrotyrosine protein levels and atrophy-related gene expression. Of the five different fractions of the CWE of G. uralensis obtained, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction more significantly enhanced myoblast proliferation and differentiation than the other fractions. Ten bioactive compounds were isolated from the EtOAc fraction and characterized by GC-MS and NMR. Of these compounds (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, liquiritigenin, (R)-(-)-vestitol, isoliquiritigenin, medicarpin, tetrahydroxymethoxychalcone, licochalcone B, liquiritin, liquiritinapioside, and ononin), liquiritigenin, tetrahydroxymethoxychalcone, and licochalcone B were found to enhance myoblast proliferation and differentiation, and myofiber diameters in injured muscles were wider with the liquiritigenin than the non-treated one. Computational analysis showed these compounds are non-toxic and possess good drug-likeness properties. These findings suggest that G. uralensis-extracted components might be useful therapeutic agents for the management of muscle-associated diseases.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao X, Zhu R, Wang Y, Qi J, Wang J, Bai L, Wang H, Wu Y, Hu H. Differentiation proliferative capacity of skeletal muscle satellite cells from Dapulian and Landrace pigs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1769511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jiying Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Liya Bai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huaizhong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Seo DY, Hwang BG. Effects of exercise training on the biochemical pathways associated with sarcopenia. Phys Act Nutr 2020; 24:32-38. [PMID: 33108716 PMCID: PMC7669465 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2020.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Sarcopenia is considered one of the major causes of disability in the elderly population and is highly associated with aging. Exercise is an essential strategy for improving muscle health while aging and involves multiple metabolic and transcriptional adaptations. Although the beneficial effects of exercise modalities on skeletal muscle structure and function in aging are well recognized, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of exercise have not been fully elucidated. [Methods] We summarize the biochemical pathways involved in the progression and pathogenesis of sarcopenia and describe the beneficial effects of exercise training on the relevant signaling pathways associated with sarcopenia. [Results] This study briefly introduces current knowledge on the signaling pathways involved in the development of sarcopenia, effects of aerobic exercise on mitochondria-related parameters and mitochondrial function, and role of resistance exercise in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis against sarcopenia. [Conclusion] This review suggested that the beneficial effects of exercise are still under-explored, and accelerated research will help develop better modalities for the prevention, management, and treatment of sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yun Seo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo Geun Hwang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Tong Myong University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ge L, Kang J, Dong X, Luan D, Su G, Li G, Zhang Y, Quan F. Myostatin site-directed mutation and simultaneous PPARγ site-directed knockin in bovine genome. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2592-2605. [PMID: 32841375 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most studies on the acquisition of advantageous traits in transgenic animals only focus on monogenic traits. In practical applications, transgenic animals need to possess multiple advantages. Therefore, multiple genes need to be edited simultaneously. CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been widely used in many research fields. However, few studies on endogenous gene mutation and simultaneous exogenous gene insertion performed via CRISPR/Cas9 technology are available. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to achieve myostatin (MSTN) point mutation and simultaneous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) site-directed knockin in the bovine genome. The feasibility of this gene editing strategy was verified on a myoblast model. The same gene editing strategy was used to construct a mutant myoblast model with MSTN mutation and simultaneous PPARγ knockin. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot analyses were used to detect the expression levels of MSTN and PPARγ in the mutant myoblast. Results showed that this strategy can inhibit the expression of MSTN and promote the expression of PPARγ. The cell counting kit-8 cell proliferation analysis, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine cell proliferation analysis, myotube fusion index statistics, oil red O staining, and triglyceride content detection revealed that the proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and adipogenic transdifferentiation abilities of the mutant myoblasts were higher than those of the wild myoblasts. Finally, transgenic bovine embryos were obtained via somatic cell nuclear transfer. This study provides a breeding material and technical strategy to breed high-quality bovine and a gene editing method to realize the mutation of endogenous genes and simultaneous insertion of exogenous genes in genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luxing Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangchen Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Deji Luan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanghua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock (R2BGL), Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock (R2BGL), Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fusheng Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Endo Y, Nourmahnad A, Sinha I. Optimizing Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Response to Resistance Training in Aging. Front Physiol 2020; 11:874. [PMID: 32792984 PMCID: PMC7390896 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of muscle mass and strength with aging, also termed sarcopenia, results in a loss of mobility and independence. Exercise, particularly resistance training, has proven to be beneficial in counteracting the aging-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. However, the anabolic response to exercise in old age is not as robust, with blunted improvements in muscle size, strength, and function in comparison to younger individuals. This review provides an overview of several physiological changes which may contribute to age-related loss of muscle mass and decreased anabolism in response to resistance training in the elderly. Additionally, the following supplemental therapies with potential to synergize with resistance training to increase muscle mass are discussed: nutrition, creatine, anti-inflammatory drugs, testosterone, and growth hormone (GH). Although these interventions hold some promise, further research is necessary to optimize the response to exercise in elderly patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yori Endo
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Atousa Nourmahnad
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xu W, Yu M, Qin J, Luo Y, Zhong M. LACTB Regulates PIK3R3 to Promote Autophagy and Inhibit EMT and Proliferation Through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5181-5200. [PMID: 32636680 PMCID: PMC7335311 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s250661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common aggressive malignancies. LACTB functions as a tumor suppressor, and previous findings have demonstrated that LACTB can inhibit epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and proliferation of breast cancer and CRC cells. However, few studies have investigated the roles of LACTB in autophagy and proliferation in CRC. The current study aimed to identify the roles of LACTB in EMT and proliferation associated with autophagy in CRC and to elucidate the probable molecular mechanisms through which LACTB are involved in these processes. Materials and Methods Transwell invasion, MTT, transmission electron microscopy, RNA-seq, immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assays were performed to evaluate the migratory, invasive, proliferative and autophagic abilities of CRC cells, and the levels of active molecules involved in PI3K/AKT signaling were examined through Western blotting analysis. In addition, the in vivo function of LACTB was assessed using a tumor xenograft model. Results Weaker LACTB expression was found in CRC tissue samples than in nonmalignant tissue samples, and LACTB inhibited cell invasion, migration, and proliferation by promoting autophagy in vitro. Furthermore, the regulatory effects of LACTB on autophagy and EMT were partially attributed to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The in vivo results also showed that LACTB modulated CRC tumorigenesis. Conclusion LACTB can regulate the activity of PIK3R3 to influence the level of PI3K, and it also promotes autophagy and inhibits EMT and proliferation in part through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhao Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ma Z, Lou S, Jiang Z. PHLDA2 regulates EMT and autophagy in colorectal cancer via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7985-8000. [PMID: 32385195 PMCID: PMC7244065 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High levels of the imprinted gene pleckstrin homology like domain family A member 2 (PHLDA2) correlate with tumor progression in several malignancies. Here, we investigated the effects of PHDLDA2 expression in CRC through assays of cellular proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. We also screened for possible mechanisms of action. Our results show that PHLDA2 was upregulated in CRC tissues. Knockdown of PHLDA2 inhibited cellular proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Knockout of PHLDA2 promoted cellular apoptosis, in part by activating autophagy. PHLDA2 knockout also inhibited tumorigenesis and expression of KI67 protein in vivo. The effects of PHLDA2 on autophagy and EMT were mediated in part via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that downregulation of PHLDA2 inhibits tumor growth and PI3K, thereby promoting autophagy and inhibiting EMT, in part through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Lou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ge L, Dong X, Gong X, Kang J, Zhang Y, Quan F. Mutation in myostatin 3'UTR promotes C2C12 myoblast proliferation and differentiation by blocking the translation of MSTN. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:634-643. [PMID: 32156541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The point mutation in myostatin (MSTN) can produce the Texel sheep double muscle phenotype. However, whether other species have the same mode of action as MSTN and whether breeding materials can be obtained through cross-species genetic editing remain unclear. The mutation in the mouse MSTN 3'UTR could create a target site for mmu-miR-1/206, as verified by the dual luciferase reporter system. A C2C12 cell model with the mutation in MSTN 3'UTR was constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Then, the mRNA and protein expression of MSTN was analyzed in the mutant C2C12 cell model. Results revealed that the mutation blocked the translational level of MSTN. By inhibiting mmu-mir-206, low expression of MSTN protein in mutant C2C12 cell can be rescued. Furthermore, the proliferation and differentiation abilities of the mutant C2C12 cell model were tested by RT-PCR, CCK8 analysis, EDU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) proliferation analysis, immunofluorescence analysis, Western blot, and myotube fusion statistics. This study may serve as a reference for elucidating the function and molecular mechanism of MSTN and as a foundation for accurate breeding improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luxing Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiangchen Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xutong Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jian Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Fusheng Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu P, Zhu C, Luo J, Lan S, Su D, Wang Q, Wei Z, Cui W, Xu C, Yang X. Par6 regulates cell cycle progression through enhancement of Akt/PI3K/GSK-3β signaling pathway activation in glioma. FASEB J 2020; 34:1481-1496. [PMID: 31914615 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901629rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As the key factor of the polarity protein complex, Par6 not only regulates polarization processes, but also plays important roles in tumor metastasis and progression in many epithelium malignancy tumors. Here, we showed that Par6 is an essential component in glioma tumorigenesis. Our results indicated the aberrant expression of Par6 in malignant glioma tissues and cell lines. We found that the regulation of Par6 expression induces cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, RNA-seq revealed the effects of Par6 were associated with cyclin D1-regulated cell cycle progression in glioma cells. Moreover, our results demonstrated that the regulation of Par6 can enhance the activation of Akt/PI3K signaling pathway, and subsequently upregulate the expression level of GSK-3β protein, which then regulate cyclin D1-mediated cell cycle regulation. Furthermore, we found that TGF-β-induced the upregulation of Par6 expression may be involved in this process. The pathological analysis confirmed the correlation between Par6 expression and the prognosis in human glioma tissues, suggesting the regulation of Par6 expression regulates glioma tumorigenesis and progression. Thus, our findings showed that Par6 might be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and providing a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of malignant glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Neuroscience Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- Neuroscience Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Juanjuan Luo
- Neuroscience Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Sheng Lan
- Neuroscience Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Dongsheng Su
- Neuroscience Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qiongjin Wang
- Neuroscience Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhe Wei
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Neuroscience Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Torres-Velarde J, Llera-Herrera R, Ibarra-Castro L, García-Gasca T, García-Gasca A. Post-transcriptional silencing of myostatin-1 in the spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) promotes muscle hypertrophy. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:443-450. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
36
|
Alami-Durante H, Cluzeaud M, Bazin D, Schrama JW, Saravanan S, Geurden I. Muscle growth mechanisms in response to isoenergetic changes in dietary non-protein energy source at low and high protein levels in juvenile rainbow trout. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 230:91-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
37
|
Wei R, Xiao Y, Song Y, Yuan H, Luo J, Xu W. FAT4 regulates the EMT and autophagy in colorectal cancer cells in part via the PI3K-AKT signaling axis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:112. [PMID: 30832706 PMCID: PMC6399964 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FAT4 functions as a tumor suppressor, and previous findings have demonstrated that FAT4 can inhibit the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. However, few studies have investigated the role of FAT4 in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The current study aimed to detect the role of FAT4 in the invasion, migration, proliferation and autophagy of CRC and elucidate the probable molecular mechanisms through which FAT4 interacts with these processes. METHODS Transwell invasion assays, MTT assays, transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and western blotting were performed to evaluate the migration, invasion, proliferation and autophagy abilities of CRC cells, and the levels of active molecules involved in PI3K/AKT signaling were examined through a western blotting analysis. In addition, the function of FAT4 in vivo was assessed using a tumor xenograft model. RESULTS FAT4 expression in CRC tissues was weaker than that in nonmalignant tissues and could inhibit cell invasion, migration, and proliferation by promoting autophagy in vitro. Furthermore, the regulatory effects of FAT4 on autophagy and the EMT were partially attributed to the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. The results in vivo also showed that FAT4 modulated CRC tumorigenesis. CONCLUSION FAT4 can regulate the activity of PI3K to promote autophagy and inhibit the EMT in part through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuhong Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiping Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kamsoi O, Belles X. Myoglianin triggers the premetamorphosis stage in hemimetabolan insects. FASEB J 2018; 33:3659-3669. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801511r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orathai Kamsoi
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologySpanish National Research Council (CSIC)Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Belles
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologySpanish National Research Council (CSIC)Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhu D. Myostatin promotes the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of the dermomyotome during somitogenesis. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:1241-1252. [PMID: 30325085 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, has been implicated in the negative regulation of skeletal myogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism through which MSTN regulates early embryonic myogenesis is not well understood. RESULTS We demonstrate that MSTN regulates early embryonic myogenesis by promoting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the dermomyotome during somitogenesis in chicks. We show that the MSTN gene is first expressed at the center of the dermomyotome. As somitogenesis progresses, its expression extends dorsally and ventrally along the plane of the dermomyotome. By combining in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence assays, we demonstrate that the expression pattern of MSTN is spatiotemporally well correlated with EMT of the dermomyotome. Our gain- and loss-of-function experiments further reveal that MSTN can induce EMT of the chick dermomyotome. We also show that MSTN induces EMT of a nonsmall cell lung carcinoma cell line (A549) and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental data suggest that MSTN regulates myogenesis by promoting EMT during somitogenesis. These findings provide novel insights into the functions of MSTN during early embryonic myogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 247:1241-1252, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P R China
| | - Yong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P R China
| | - Dahai Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P R China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Keller-Pinter A, Szabo K, Kocsis T, Deak F, Ocsovszki I, Zvara A, Puskas L, Szilak L, Dux L. Syndecan-4 influences mammalian myoblast proliferation by modulating myostatin signalling and G1/S transition. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3139-3151. [PMID: 30129974 PMCID: PMC6221024 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin, a TGF‐β superfamily member, is a negative regulator of muscle growth. Here we describe how myostatin activity is regulated by syndecan‐4, a ubiquitous transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan. During muscle regeneration the levels of both syndecan‐4 and promyostatin decline gradually after a sharp increase, concurrently with the release of mature myostatin. Promyostatin and syndecan‐4 co‐immunoprecipitate, and the interaction is heparinase‐sensitive. ShRNA‐mediated silencing of syndecan‐4 reduces C2C12 myoblast proliferation via blocking the progression from G1‐ to S‐phase of the cell cycle, which is accompanied by elevated levels of myostatin and p21(Waf1/Cip1), and decreases in cyclin E and cyclin D1 expression. Our results suggest that syndecan‐4 functions as a reservoir for promyostatin regulating the local bioavailability of mature myostatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniko Keller-Pinter
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kitti Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamas Kocsis
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Imre Ocsovszki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Agnes Zvara
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Puskas
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Szilak
- Szilak Laboratories Bioinformatics & Molecule-Design Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Dux
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu X, Bauman WA, Cardozo CP. Myostatin inhibits glucose uptake via suppression of insulin-dependent and -independent signaling pathways in myoblasts. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13837. [PMID: 30252210 PMCID: PMC6121119 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) mediates insulin-dependent glucose uptake. Glut4 expression levels are correlated with whole-body glucose homeostasis. Insulin signaling is known to recruit Glut4 to the cell surface. Expression of Glut4 is subject to tissue-specific hormonal and metabolic regulation. The molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle Glut4 expression remain to be elucidated. Myostatin (Mstn) is reported to be involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. While elevated Mstn levels in muscle are associated with obesity and type-2 diabetes in both human and mouse models, Mstn null mice exhibit immunity to dietary-induced obesity and insulin resistance. The molecular mechanisms by which Mstn initiates the development of insulin resistance and disorders of glucose disposal are not well delineated. Here we investigated effects of Mstn on insulin action in C2C12 cells. Mstn significantly reduced basal and insulin-induced IRS-1 tyrosine (Tyr495) phosphorylation, and expression and activation of PI3K, associated with diminished AKT phosphorylation and elevated GSK3β phosphorylation at Ser9. In addition, Mstn inhibited Glut4 mRNA and protein expression, and reduced insulin-induced Glut4 membrane translocation and glucose uptake. Conversely, SB431542, a Smad2/3 inhibitor, significantly increased cellular response to insulin. Mstn decreased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity accompanied by reduced Glut4 gene expression and glucose uptake, which were partially reversed by AICAR, an AMPK activator. These data suggest that Mstn inhibits Glut4 expression and insulin-induced Glut4 integration into cytoplasmic membranes and glucose uptake and that these changes are mediated by direct insulin-desensitizing effect and indirect suppression of AMPK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Hua Liu
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord InjuryJames J. Peter VA Medical CenterBronxNew York
- Department of MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicineNew YorkNew York
| | - William A. Bauman
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord InjuryJames J. Peter VA Medical CenterBronxNew York
- Department of MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicineNew YorkNew York
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicineNew YorkNew York
| | - Christopher P. Cardozo
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord InjuryJames J. Peter VA Medical CenterBronxNew York
- Department of MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicineNew YorkNew York
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicineNew YorkNew York
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mechanisms of stress-related muscle atrophy in fish: An ex vivo approach. Mech Dev 2018; 154:162-169. [PMID: 29981836 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
43
|
Ethanol extracts from the branch of Taxillus yadoriki parasitic to Neolitsea sericea induces cyclin D1 proteasomal degradation through cyclin D1 nuclear export. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:189. [PMID: 29925351 PMCID: PMC6011405 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Although the inhibitory effect of mistletoe on cancer cell growth has been reported, the underlying mechanisms to explain its anti-proliferative activity are not fully studied. Thus, we elucidated the potential molecular mechanism of the branch from Taxillus yadoriki (TY) parasitic to Neolitsea sericea (NS) (TY-NS-B) for the anti-proliferative effect. Methods Anti-cell proliferative effect was evaluated by MTT assay. The change of cyclin D1 protein or mRNA level was evaluated by Western blot and RT-RCR, respectively. Results In comparison of anti-proliferative effect of TY from the host trees such as Cryptomeria japonica (CJ), Neolitsea sericea (NS), Prunus serrulata (PS), Cinnamomum camphora (CC) and Quercus acutissima (QA), TY-NS showed higher anti-cell proliferative effect than TY-CJ, TY-PS, TY-CC or TY-QA. In addition, the anti-proliferative effect of branch from TY from all host trees was better than leaves. Thus, we selected the branch from Taxillus yadoriki parasitic to Neolitsea sericea (TY-NS-B) for the further study. TY-NS-B inhibited the cell proliferation in the various cancer cells and downregulated cyclin D1 protein level. MG132 treatment attenuated cyclin D1 downregulation of cyclin D1 protein level by TY-NS-B. In addition, TY-NS-B increased threonine-286 (T286) phosphorylation of cyclin D1, and the mutation of T286 to alanine (T286A) blocked cyclin D1 proteasomal degradation by TY-NS-B. But the upstream factors related to cyclin D1 degradation such as ERK1/2, p38, JNK, GSK3β, PI3K, IκK or ROS did not affect cyclin D1 degradation by TY-NS-B. However, LMB treatment was observed to inhibit cyclin D1 degradation by TY-NS-B, and T286A blocked cyclin D1 degradation through suppressing cyclin D1 redistribution from nucleus to cytoplasm by TY-NS-B. In addition, TY-NS-B activated CRM1 expression. Conclusions Our results suggest that TY-NS-B may suppress cell proliferation by downregulating cyclin D1 protein level through proteasomal degradation via T286 phosphorylation-dependent cyclin D1 nuclear export. These findings will provide the evidence that TY-NS-B has potential to be a candidate for the development of chemoprevention or therapeutic agents for human cancer.
Collapse
|
44
|
Hu SL, Chang AC, Huang CC, Tsai CH, Lin CC, Tang CH. Myostatin Promotes Interleukin-1β Expression in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts through Inhibition of miR-21-5p. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1747. [PMID: 29276516 PMCID: PMC5727021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the infiltration of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines into synovial fluid and patients with RA often develop joint destruction and deficits in muscle mass. The growth factor myostatin is a key regulator linking muscle mass and bone structure. We sought to determine whether myostatin regulates rheumatoid synovial fibroblast activity and inflammation in RA. We found that levels of myostatin and interleukin (IL)-1β (a key pro-inflammatory cytokine in RA) in synovial fluid from RA patients were overexpressed and positively correlated. In in vitro investigations, we found that myostatin dose-dependently regulated IL-1β expression through the ERK, JNK, and AP-1 signal-transduction pathways. Computational analysis confirmed that miR-21-5p directly targets the expression of the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of IL-1β. Treatment of cells with myostatin inhibited miR-21-5p expression and miR-21-5p mimic prevented myostatin-induced enhancement of IL-1β expression, showing an inverse correlation between miR-21-5p and IL-1β expression during myostatin treatment. We also found significantly increased paw swelling in an animal model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), compared with controls; immunohistochemistry staining revealed substantially higher levels of myostatin and IL-1β expression in CIA tissue. Our evidence indicates that myostatin regulates IL-1β production. Thus, targeting myostatin may represent a potential therapeutic target for RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Lin Hu
- Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Chen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Huang
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
MicroRNA-95 promotes myogenic differentiation by down-regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 2. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111356-111368. [PMID: 29340059 PMCID: PMC5762327 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-95 (miR-95) is well known for its ability to promote the proliferation of a variety of cancer cells, but its function in skeletal muscle development has not been reported so far. Our laboratory has recently generated genetically engineered Meishan pigs containing a loss-of-function myostatin (MSTN) mutant (MSTN-/-). These MSTN-/- pigs grow and develop normally but show clear double muscle phenotype as observed in Belgian cattle. We observed that the expression of miR-95 was up-regulated in the longissimus dorsi from MSTN-/- Meishan pigs at day 65 during embryo development. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-95 in the myogenic differentiation using a murine myoblast cell line C2C12. Our results revealed that miR-95 may play a very important role in regulating the expression of myogenic differentiation marker genes myosin heavy chain (MHC) and myogenin. By use of bioinformatical analysis and luciferase reporter gene assay, aminoacyl-tRNA synthase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 2 (AIMP2) gene was identified as a miR-95 target gene involved in myogenic differentiation. Our results indicated that higher miR-95 expression level leads to lower level of AIMP2 protein expression. When the endogenous expression of AIMP2 is inhibited by siRNA, the expression levels of myogenic differentiation marker genes MHC and myogenin increased, implying that AIMP2 negatively regulates myogenic differentiation. Taken together, it is likely that miR-95 promotes myogenic differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts and may play a positive functional role in skeletal muscle development by down regulating the expression of AIMP2 at protein level.
Collapse
|
46
|
Wurtzel CNW, Gumucio JP, Grekin JA, Khouri RK, Davis CS, Russell AJ, Bedi A, Mendias CL. Pharmacological inhibition of myostatin protects against skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness after anterior cruciate ligament tear. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:2499-2505. [PMID: 28176368 PMCID: PMC5548641 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are among the most frequent knee injuries in sports medicine, with tear rates in the US up to 250,000 per year. Many patients who suffer from ACL tears have persistent atrophy and weakness even after considerable rehabilitation. Myostatin is a cytokine that directly induces muscle atrophy, and previous studies rodent models and patients have demonstrated an upregulation of myostatin after ACL tear. Using a preclinical rat model, our objective was to determine if the use of a bioneutralizing antibody against myostatin could prevent muscle atrophy and weakness after ACL tear. Rats underwent a surgically induced ACL tear and were treated with either a bioneutralizing antibody against myostatin (10B3, GlaxoSmithKline) or a sham antibody (E1-82.15, GlaxoSmithKline). Muscles were harvested at either 7 or 21 days after induction of a tear to measure changes in contractile function, fiber size, and genes involved in muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. These time points were selected to evaluate early and later changes in muscle structure and function. Compared to the sham antibody group, 7 days after ACL tear, myostatin inhibition reduced the expression of proteolytic genes and induced the expression of hypertrophy genes. These early changes in gene expression lead to a 22% increase in muscle fiber cross-sectional area and a 10% improvement in maximum isometric force production that were observed 21 days after ACL tear. Overall, myostatin inhibition lead to several favorable, although modest, changes in molecular biomarkers of muscle regeneration and reduced muscle atrophy and weakness following ACL tear. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2499-2505, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N W Wurtzel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Jonathan P Gumucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Jeremy A Grekin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Roger K Khouri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Carol S Davis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Alan J Russell
- Muscle Metabolism DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 2301 Renaissance Blvd, King of Prussia, PA, 19406
| | - Asheesh Bedi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Christopher L Mendias
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Christopher L Mendias, PhD, ATC, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 2017, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, 734-764-3250,
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Grade CVC, Mantovani CS, Fontoura MA, Yusuf F, Brand-Saberi B, Alvares LE. CREB, NF-Y and MEIS1 conserved binding sites are essential to balance Myostatin promoter/enhancer activity during early myogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2017; 44:419-427. [PMID: 28956216 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-017-4126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a strong inhibitor of skeletal muscle growth in human and other vertebrates. Its transcription is controlled by a proximal promoter/enhancer (Mstn P/E) containing a TATA box besides CREB, NF-Y, MEIS1 and FXR transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), which are conserved throughout evolution. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of these TFBSs on Mstn P/E activity and evaluate the potential of their putative ligands as Mstn trans regulators. Mstn P/E mutant constructs were used to establish the role of conserved TFBSs using dual-luciferase assays. Expression analyses were performed by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization in C2C12 myoblasts and E10.5 mouse embryos, respectively. Our results revealed that CREB, NF-Y and MEIS1 sites are required to balance Mstn P/E activity, keeping Mstn transcription within basal levels during myoblast proliferation. Furthermore, our data showed that NF-Y site is essential, although not sufficient, to mediate Mstn P/E transcriptional activity. In turn, CREB and MEIS1 binding sites seem to depend on the presence of NF-Y site to induce Mstn P/E. FXR appears not to confer any effect on Mstn P/E activity, except in the absence of all other conserved TFBS. Accordingly, expression studies pointed to CREB, NF-Y and MEIS1 but not to FXR factors as possible regulators of Mstn transcription in the myogenic context. Altogether, our findings indicated that CREB, NF-Y and MEIS1 conserved sites are essential to control basal Mstn transcription during early myogenesis, possibly by interacting with these or other related factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vermeulen Carvalho Grade
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Charles Darwin s/n, Campinas, CEP 13083-863, Brazil.,Latin American Institute of Natural and Life Sciences, Federal University of the Latin American Integration - UNILA, Avenida Tarquínio Joslin dos Santos 1000, Foz do Iguaçu, CEP 85870-901, Brazil
| | - Carolina Stefano Mantovani
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Charles Darwin s/n, Campinas, CEP 13083-863, Brazil
| | - Marina Alves Fontoura
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Charles Darwin s/n, Campinas, CEP 13083-863, Brazil
| | - Faisal Yusuf
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum - RUB, Universitätsstr. 150 - MA 5/158, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum - RUB, Universitätsstr. 150 - MA 5/158, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lúcia Elvira Alvares
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Charles Darwin s/n, Campinas, CEP 13083-863, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ji L, Bishayee K, Sadra A, Choi S, Choi W, Moon S, Jho EH, Huh SO. Defective neuronal migration and inhibition of bipolar to multipolar transition of migrating neural cells by Mesoderm-Specific Transcript, Mest, in the developing mouse neocortex. Neuroscience 2017; 355:126-140. [PMID: 28501506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain developmental disorders such as lissencephaly can result from faulty neuronal migration and differentiation during the formation of the mammalian neocortex. The cerebral cortex is a modular structure, where developmentally, newborn neurons are generated as a neuro-epithelial sheet and subsequently differentiate, migrate and organize into their final positions in the cerebral cortical plate via a process involving both tangential and radial migration. The specific role of Mest, an imprinted gene, in neuronal migration has not been previously studied. In this work, we reduced expression of Mest with in utero electroporation of neuronal progenitors in the developing embryonic mouse neocortex. Reduction of Mest levels by shRNA significantly reduced the number of neurons migrating to the cortical plate. Also, Mest-knockdown disrupted the transition of bipolar neurons into multipolar neurons migrating out of the sub-ventricular zone region. The migrating neurons also adopted a more tangential migration pattern upon knockdown of the Mest message, losing their potential to attach to radial glia cells, required for radial migration. The differentiation and migration properties of neurons via Wnt-Akt signaling were affected by Mest changes. In addition, miR-335, encoded in a Mest gene intron, was identified as being responsible for blocking the default tangential migration of the neurons. Our results suggest that Mest and its intron product, miR-335, play important roles in neuronal migration with Mest regulating the morphological transition of primary neurons required in the formation of the mammalian neocortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liting Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Kausik Bishayee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Ali Sadra
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Seunghyuk Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Wooyul Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Sungho Moon
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eek-Hoon Jho
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Oh Huh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ye DJ, Kwon YJ, Shin S, Baek HS, Shin DW, Chun YJ. Induction of Integrin Signaling by Steroid Sulfatase in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:321-328. [PMID: 27956712 PMCID: PMC5424643 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid sulfatase (STS) is an enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of aryl and alkyl sulfates. STS plays a pivotal role in the regulation of estrogens and androgens that promote the growth of hormone-dependent tumors, such as those of breast or prostate cancer. However, the molecular function of STS in tumor growth is still not clear. To elucidate the role of STS in cancer cell proliferation, we investigated whether STS is able to regulate the integrin signaling pathway. We found that overexpression of STS in HeLa cells increases the protein and mRNA levels of integrin β1 and fibronectin, a ligand of integrin α5β1. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), one of the main metabolites of STS, also increases mRNA and protein expression of integrin β1 and fibronectin. Further, STS expression and DHEA treatment enhanced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at the Tyr 925 residue. Moreover, increased phosphorylation of ERK at Thr 202 and Tyr 204 residues by STS indicates that STS activates the MAPK/ERK pathway. In conclusion, these results suggest that STS expression and DHEA treatment may enhance MAPK/ERK signaling through up-regulation of integrin β1 and activation of FAK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jin Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Seok Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang H, Shi L, Liang T, Wang B, Wu W, Su G, Wei J, Li P, Huang R. MiR-696 Regulates C2C12 Cell Proliferation and Differentiation by Targeting CNTFRα. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:413-425. [PMID: 28529450 PMCID: PMC5436562 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.17508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-696 (miR-696) has been previously known as an exercise related miRNA, which has a profound role in fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis of skeletal muscle. However, its role in skeletal myoblast proliferation and differentiation is still unclear. In this study, we found that miR-696 expressed highly in skeletal muscle and reduced during C2C12 myoblasts differentiation. MiR-696 overexpression repressed C2C12 myoblast proliferation and myofiber formation, while knockdown of endogenous miR-696 expression showed opposite results. During myogenesis, we observed an inversed expression pattern between miR-696 and CNTFRα in vitro, and demonstrated that miR-696 could specifically target CNTFRα and repress the expression of CNTFRα. Additionally, we further found that knockdown of CNTFRα suppressed the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells. Taking all things together, we propose a novel insight that miR-696 down-regulates C2C12 cell myogenesis by inhibiting CNTFRα expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - BinBin Wang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - WangJun Wu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guosheng Su
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Julong Wei
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|