1
|
Zhao SC, Wen B, Gao JZ, Chen ZZ. Proteomic analysis revealed gender-related differences in the skin mucus proteome of discus fish (Symphysodon haraldi) during the parental and non-parental care periods. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101314. [PMID: 39208613 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The discus fish, Symphysodon spp., a South American cichlid, has a unique parental care behavior where fry bite on parental skin mucus after hatching. In this study, we used LC-MS/MS technique to compare the skin mucus proteome composition of male or female discus fish during parental and non-parental care periods. By multivariate statistical analysis, we found clear separations between different periods and between different sexes of mucus proteome. Compared with non-parental female fish, parental female fish had 283 up-regulated and 235 down-regulated expressed proteins. Compared with non-parental male fish, parental male fish had 169 up-regulated and 120 down-regulated expressed proteins. The differentially expressed proteins for male fish were enriched in sulfur relay system, mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis and antigen processing and presentation pathways, while those for female fish were enriched in sulfur relay system, steroid biosynthesis and complement and coagulation cascades pathways. During the parental care, both male and female discus showed an enhanced lipid metabolism, producing more phospholipids and cholesterol. The difference is that male discus had increased tricarboxylic acid cycle producing more energy during the parental care, while females produced more nucleotides especially guanylic acid. Our study could provide new insights into the understanding of the unique mucus supply behavior of discus fish based on proteomic change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zai-Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kanmalar M, Kamal R, Abdul Sani SF, Pathmanathan D, Bm Said NA, Paramanantham Y, Abd Jamil AH, Mun KS, Kuppusamy S, Almugren KS, Almajid HF, Bradley DA. Spectroscopic diagnosis and metabolite characterization of cisplatin resistance regulated by FDFT1 in bladder cancer tissue. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 210:111372. [PMID: 38810354 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
As is the case for most solid tumours, chemotherapy remains the backbone in the management of metastatic disease. However, the occurrence of chemotherapy resistance is a cause to worry, especially in bladder cancer. Extensive evidence indicates molecular changes in bladder cancer cells to be the underlying cause of chemotherapy resistance, including the reduced expression of farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1) - a gene involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. This can likely be a hallmark in examining the resistance and sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs. This work performs spectroscopic analysis and metabolite characterization on resistant, sensitive, stable-disease and healthy bladder tissues. Raman spectroscopy has detected peaks at around 1003 cm-1 (squalene), 1178 cm-1 (cholesterol), 1258 cm-1 (cholesteryl ester), 1343 cm-1 (collagen), 1525 cm-1 (carotenoid), 1575 cm-1 (DNA bases) and 1608 cm-1 (cytosine). The peak parameters were examined, and statistical analysis was performed on the peak features, attaining significant differences between the sample groups. Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements observed the triglyceride peak together with 6th, 7th and 8th - order collagen peaks; peak parameters were also determined. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) detected seven trace elements. Carbon (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chlorine (Cl) and sodium (Na) have been found to have the greatest concentration in the sample groups, suggestive of a role as a biomarker for cisplatin resistance studies. Results from the present research are suggested to provide an important insight into understanding the development of drug resistance in bladder cancer, opening up the possibility of novel avenues for treatment through personalised interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kanmalar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raihan Kamal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S F Abdul Sani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Dharini Pathmanathan
- Department of Mathematic, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Akmarina Bm Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Amira Hajirah Abd Jamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K S Mun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Kuppusamy
- Department of Surgery, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K S Almugren
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hadeel F Almajid
- Medicine College, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - D A Bradley
- Sunway University, Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, Jalan Universiti, 46150, PJ, Malaysia; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li N, Wang G, Guo M, Zhu N, Yu W. The mechanism and clinical application of farnesyl diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 in cancer metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 719:150046. [PMID: 38749088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Cancer poses a significant risk to human well-being. Among the crucial characteristics of cancer is metabolic reprogramming. To meet the relentless metabolic needs, cancer cells enhance cholesterol metabolism within the adverse tumor microenvironment. Reprograming cholesterol metabolism includes a series of modifications in the synthesis, absorption, esterification, and metabolites associated with cholesterol. These adjustments have a strong correlation with the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and other characteristics of malignant tumors. FDFT1, also known as farnesyl diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1, is an enzyme crucial in the process of cholesterol biosynthesis. Its significant involvement in tumor metabolism has garnered considerable interest. The significance of FDFT1 in cancer metabolism cannot be overstated, as it actively interacts with cancer cells. This paper aims to analyze and consolidate the mechanism of FDFT1 in cancer metabolism and explore its clinical application. The goal is to contribute new strategies and targets for the prevention and treatment of cancer metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanxin Li
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenesis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Guojuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.445, Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Min Guo
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenesis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Naicheng Zhu
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenesis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Wenyan Yu
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenesis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fazliyeva R, Makhov P, Uzzo RG, Kolenko VM. Targeting NPC1 in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:517. [PMID: 38339268 PMCID: PMC10854724 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapidly proliferating cancer cells have a greater requirement for cholesterol than normal cells. Tumor cells are largely dependent on exogenous lipids given that their growth requirements are not fully met by endogenous pathways. Our current study shows that ccRCC cells have redundant mechanisms of cholesterol acquisition. We demonstrate that all major lipoproteins (i.e., LDL, HDL, and VLDL) have a comparable ability to support the growth of ccRCC cells and are equally effective in counteracting the antitumor activities of TKIs. The intracellular trafficking of exogenous lipoprotein-derived cholesterol appears to be distinct from the movement of endogenously synthesized cholesterol. De novo synthetized cholesterol is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum directly to the plasma membrane and to the acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase, whereas lipoprotein-derived cholesterol is distributed through the NPC1-dependent endosomal trafficking system. Expression of NPC1 is increased in ccRCC at mRNA and protein levels, and high expression of NPC1 is associated with poor prognosis. Our current findings show that ccRCC cells are particularly sensitive to the inhibition of endolysosomal cholesterol export and underline the therapeutic potential of targeting NPC1 in ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rushaniya Fazliyeva
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA;
| | - Peter Makhov
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA;
| | - Robert G. Uzzo
- Department of Urology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA;
| | - Vladimir M. Kolenko
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deng C, Pan J, Zhu H, Chen ZY. Effect of Gut Microbiota on Blood Cholesterol: A Review on Mechanisms. Foods 2023; 12:4308. [PMID: 38231771 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota serves as a pivotal mediator between diet and human health. Emerging evidence has shown that the gut microbiota may play an important role in cholesterol metabolism. In this review, we delve into five possible mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may influence cholesterol metabolism: (1) the gut microbiota changes the ratio of free bile acids to conjugated bile acids, with the former being eliminated into feces and the latter being reabsorbed back into the liver; (2) the gut microbiota can ferment dietary fiber to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which are absorbed and reach the liver where SCFAs inhibit cholesterol synthesis; (3) the gut microbiota can regulate the expression of some genes related to cholesterol metabolism through their metabolites; (4) the gut microbiota can convert cholesterol to coprostanol, with the latter having a very low absorption rate; and (5) the gut microbiota could reduce blood cholesterol by inhibiting the production of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which increases cholesterol synthesis and raises blood cholesterol. In addition, this review will explore the natural constituents in foods with potential roles in cholesterol regulation, mainly through their interactions with the gut microbiota. These include polysaccharides, polyphenolic entities, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, and dicaffeoylquinic acid. These findings will provide a scientific foundation for targeting hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases through the modulation of the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanling Deng
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Jingjin Pan
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mohammadalipour A, Showalter CA, Muturi HT, Farnoud AM, Najjar SM, Burdick MM. Cholesterol depletion decreases adhesion of non-small cell lung cancer cells to E-selectin. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C471-C482. [PMID: 37399498 PMCID: PMC10511166 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00197.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid microdomains, ordered membrane phases containing cholesterol and glycosphingolipids, play an essential role in cancer cell adhesion and ultimately metastasis. Notably, elevated levels of cholesterol-rich lipid microdomains are found in cancer cells relative to their normal counterparts. Therefore, alterations of lipid microdomains through cholesterol modulation could be used as a strategy to prevent cancer metastasis. In this study, methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MβCD), sphingomyelinase (SMase), and simvastatin (Simva) were used to investigate the effects of cholesterol on the adhesive behaviors of four non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (H1299, H23, H460, and A549) and a small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line (SHP-77) on E-selectin, a vascular endothelial molecule that initiates circulating tumor cell recruitment at metastatic sites. Under hemodynamic flow conditions, the number of adherent NSCLC cells on E-selectin significantly decreased by MβCD and Simva treatments, whereas SMase treatment did not show a significant effect. Significant increases in rolling velocities were detected only for H1299 and H23 cells after MβCD treatment. In contrast, cholesterol depletion did not affect SCLC cell attachment and rolling velocities. Moreover, cholesterol depletion by MβCD and Simva induced CD44 shedding and resulted in an enhanced membrane fluidity in the NSCLC cells, whereas it did not affect the membrane fluidity of the SCLC cells which lacked detectable expression of CD44. Our finding suggests that cholesterol regulates the E-selectin-mediated adhesion of NSCLC cells by redistributing the CD44 glycoprotein and thus modulating the membrane fluidity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study investigates the effects of cholesterol on the adhesive behaviors of lung cancer cells in recruitment at metastatic sites. Using cholesterol-modulating compounds, we found that reducing cholesterol decreases the adhesion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells while having no significant effect on small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. The study suggests that cholesterol regulates NSCLC cell metastasis by redistributing the adhesion proteins on the cells and modulating cells' membrane fluidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Mohammadalipour
- Department of Physics and Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Christian A Showalter
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Harrison T Muturi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Amir M Farnoud
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Monica M Burdick
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo L, Guo Y, Chen L, Zhu J, Li C. Crosstalk between cholesterol metabolism and psoriatic inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1124786. [PMID: 37234169 PMCID: PMC10206135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1124786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic autoinflammatory skin disease associated with multiple comorbidities, with a prevalence ranging from 2 to 3% in the general population. Decades of preclinical and clinical studies have revealed that alterations in cholesterol and lipid metabolism are strongly associated with psoriasis. Cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-17), which are important in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, have been shown to affect cholesterol and lipid metabolism. Cholesterol metabolites and metabolic enzymes, on the other hand, influence not only the biofunction of keratinocytes (a primary type of cell in the epidermis) in psoriasis, but also the immune response and inflammation. However, the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and psoriasis has not been thoroughly reviewed. This review mainly focuses on cholesterol metabolism disturbances in psoriasis and their crosstalk with psoriatic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youming Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengrang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fu Y, Miyazaki K, Chiba Y, Funada K, Yuta T, Tian T, Mizuta K, Kawahara J, Zhang L, Martin D, Iwamoto T, Takahashi I, Fukumoto S, Yoshizaki K. Identification of GPI-anchored protein LYPD1 as an essential factor for odontoblast differentiation in tooth development. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104638. [PMID: 36963497 PMCID: PMC10130355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains rich in cholesterol, sphingolipids, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs), and receptors. These lipid raft components are localized at the plasma membrane and are essential for signal transmission and organogenesis. However, few reports have been published on the specific effects of lipid rafts on tooth development. Using microarray and single-cell RNA sequencing methods, we found that a GPI-AP, lymphocyte antigen-6/Plaur domain-containing 1 (Lypd1), was specifically expressed in preodontoblasts. Depletion of Lypd1 in tooth germ using an ex vivo organ culture system and in mouse dental pulp (mDP) cells resulted in the inhibition of odontoblast differentiation. Activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling by BMP2 treatment in mDP cells promoted odontoblast differentiation via phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8, while this BMP2-mediated odontoblast differentiation was inhibited by depletion of Lypd1. Furthermore, we created a deletion construct of the C terminus containing the omega site in LYPD1; this site is necessary for localizing GPI-APs to the plasma membrane and lipid rafts. We identified that this site is essential for odontoblast differentiation and morphological change of mDP cells. These findings demonstrated that LYPD1 is a novel marker of preodontoblasts in the developing tooth; in addition, they suggest that LYPD1 is important for tooth development and that it plays a pivotal role in odontoblast differentiation by regulating Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation through its effect as a GPI-AP in lipid rafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Miyazaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Chiba
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan; Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keita Funada
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yuta
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tian Tian
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanji Mizuta
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kawahara
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ling Zhang
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- Division of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takahashi
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan; Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan; Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan; Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xia W, Wang H, Zhou X, Wang Y, Xue L, Cao B, Song J. The role of cholesterol metabolism in tumor therapy, from bench to bed. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:928821. [PMID: 37089950 PMCID: PMC10117684 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.928821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol and its metabolites have important biological functions. Cholesterol is able to maintain the physical properties of cell membrane, play an important role in cellular signaling, and cellular cholesterol levels reflect the dynamic balance between biosynthesis, uptake, efflux and esterification. Cholesterol metabolism participates in bile acid production and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Increasing evidence suggests a strict link between cholesterol homeostasis and tumors. Cholesterol metabolism in tumor cells is reprogrammed to differ significantly from normal cells, and disturbances of cholesterol balance also induce tumorigenesis and progression. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that controlling cholesterol metabolism suppresses tumor growth, suggesting that targeting cholesterol metabolism may provide new possibilities for tumor therapy. In this review, we summarized the metabolic pathways of cholesterol in normal and tumor cells and reviewed the pre-clinical and clinical progression of novel tumor therapeutic strategy with the drugs targeting different stages of cholesterol metabolism from bench to bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xia
- Cancer Center of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Cancer Center of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhu Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Cancer Center of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Third Hospital Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Cancer Center of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Third Hospital Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lixiang Xue, ; Baoshan Cao, ; Jiagui Song,
| | - Baoshan Cao
- Cancer Center of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lixiang Xue, ; Baoshan Cao, ; Jiagui Song,
| | - Jiagui Song
- Cancer Center of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Third Hospital Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University as the Third Responsibility Unit of Song Jiagui, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lixiang Xue, ; Baoshan Cao, ; Jiagui Song,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ediriweera MK. Use of cholesterol metabolism for anti-cancer strategies. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103347. [PMID: 36087905 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Irregularities in cholesterol metabolism occur in a range of human cancers. Cholesterol precursors and derivatives support tumorigenesis and weaken immune responses. Intriguing preclinical and clinical findings demonstrate that cholesterol biosynthesis inhibition achieved by targeting major events and metabolites in cholesterol metabolism is an ideal anti-tumor strategy. Investigations addressing the effects of β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGCR), 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC), squalene synthase (SQS), liver X receptors (LXR), and cholesterol trafficking and esterification inhibition on cancer progression have shown encouraging results. Notably, manipulation of cholesterol metabolism strengthens the function of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, I discuss the role of cholesterol metabolism in cancer progression and the latest research related to cholesterol metabolism-based anti-cancer therapies and intend to bring this stylish biochemistry topic to the Sri Lankan research landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pu X, Lin X, Qi Y, Li Y, Li T, Liu Y, Wei D. Effects of Fdft 1 gene silencing and VD3 intervention on lung injury in hypoxia-stressed rats. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1201-1213. [PMID: 35947298 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia can induce lung injury such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary edema. And in the rat model of hypoxia-induced lung injury, the expression of Farnesyl diphosphate farnesyl transferase 1 (Fdft 1) was highly expressed and the steroid biosynthesis pathway was activated. However, the role of Fdft 1 and steroid biosynthesis pathway in hypoxia-induced lung injury remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to further investigate the relationship between Fdft1 and steroid biosynthesis pathway with hypoxia-induced lung injury. METHODS A rat model of lung injury was constructed by hypobaric chamber with hypoxic stress, the adenovirus interference vector was used to silence the expression of Fdft 1, and the exogenous steroid biosynthesis metabolite Vitamin D3 (VD3) was used to treat acute hypoxia-induced lung injury in rats. RESULTS Sh-Fdft 1 and exogenous VD3 significantly inhibited the expression of Fdft 1 and the activation of the steroid pathway in hypoxia-induced lung injury rats, which showed a synergistic effect on the steroid activation pathway. In addition, sh-Fdft 1 promoted the increase of pulmonary artery pressure and lung water content, the decrease of oxygen partial pressure and oxygen saturation, and leaded to the increase of lung cell apoptosis and the aggravation of mitochondrial damage in hypoxia-stressed rats. And VD3 could significantly improve the lung injury induced by hypoxia and sh-Fdft 1 in rats. CONCLUSIONS Fdft 1 gene silencing can promote hypoxic-induced lung injury, and exogenous supplement of VD3 has an antagonistic effect on lung injury induced by Fdft 1 gene silencing and hypoxic in rats, suggesting that VD3 has a preventive and protective effect on the occurrence and development of hypoxia-induced lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Pu
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China.,Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Lin
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China.,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglian Qi
- Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglian Li
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengbang Wei
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Laka K, Makgoo L, Mbita Z. Cholesterol-Lowering Phytochemicals: Targeting the Mevalonate Pathway for Anticancer Interventions. Front Genet 2022; 13:841639. [PMID: 35391801 PMCID: PMC8981032 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.841639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a plethora of cancer causes and the road to fully understanding the carcinogenesis process remains a dream that keeps changing. However, a list of role players that are implicated in the carcinogens process is getting lengthier. Cholesterol is known as bad sterol that is heavily linked with cardiovascular diseases; however, it is also comprehensively associated with carcinogenesis. There is an extensive list of strategies that have been used to lower cholesterol; nevertheless, the need to find better and effective strategies remains vastly important. The role played by cholesterol in the induction of the carcinogenesis process has attracted huge interest in recent years. Phytochemicals can be dubbed as magic tramp cards that humans could exploit for lowering cancer-causing cholesterol. Additionally, the mechanisms that are regulated by phytochemicals can be targeted for anticancer drug development. One of the key role players in cancer development and suppression, Tumour Protein 53 (TP53), is crucial in regulating the biogenesis of cholesterol and is targeted by several phytochemicals. This minireview covers the role of p53 in the mevalonate pathway and how bioactive phytochemicals target the mevalonate pathway and promote p53-dependent anticancer activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zukile Mbita
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ohmori K, Kamei A, Watanabe Y, Abe K. Gene Expression over Time during Cell Transformation Due to Non-Genotoxic Carcinogen Treatment of Bhas 42 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063216. [PMID: 35328637 PMCID: PMC8954493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bhas 42 cell transformation assay (Bhas 42 CTA) is the first Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)-certificated method used as a specific tool for the detection of the cell-transformation potential of tumor-promoting compounds, including non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGTxCs), as separate from genotoxic carcinogens. This assay offers the great advantage of enabling the phenotypic detection of oncotransformation. A key benefit of using the Bhas 42 CTA in the study of the cell-transformation mechanisms of tumor-promoting compounds, including non-genotoxic carcinogens, is that the cell-transformation potential of the chemical can be detected directly without treatment with a tumor-initiating compound since Bhas 42 cell line was established by transfecting the v-Ha-ras gene into a mouse fibroblast cloned cell line. Here, we analyzed the gene expression over time, using DNA microarrays, in Bhas 42 cells treated with the tumor-promoting compound 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and NGTxC, with a total of three repeat experiments. This is the first paper to report on gene expression over time during the process of cell transformation with only a tumor-promoting compound. Pathways that were activated or inactivated during the process of cell transformation in the Bhas 42 cells treated with TPA were related not only directly to RAS but also to various pathways in the hallmarks of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Ohmori
- Chemical Division, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chigasaki 2530087, Japan
- Research Initiatives and Promotion Organization, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 2408501, Japan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel./Fax: +81-046-783-4400 or +81-045-339-4448
| | - Asuka Kamei
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki 2100821, Japan; (A.K.); (K.A.)
| | - Yuki Watanabe
- Health and Anti-Aging Project, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kawasaki 2130012, Japan;
| | - Keiko Abe
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki 2100821, Japan; (A.K.); (K.A.)
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nieto-Garai JA, Lorizate M, Contreras FX. Shedding light on membrane rafts structure and dynamics in living cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183813. [PMID: 34748743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membranes are fundamental building blocks regulating an extensive repertoire of biological functions. These structures contain lipids and membrane proteins that are known to laterally self-aggregate in the plane of the membrane, forming defined membrane nanoscale domains essential for protein activity. Membrane rafts are described as heterogeneous, dynamic, and short-lived cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane nanodomains (10-200 nm) induced by lipid-protein and lipid-lipid interactions. Those membrane nanodomains have been extensively characterized using model membranes and in silico methods. However, despite the development of advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques, undoubted nanoscale visualization by imaging techniques of membrane rafts in the membrane of unperturbed living cells is still uncompleted, increasing the skepticism about their existence. Here, we broadly review recent biochemical and microscopy techniques used to investigate membrane rafts in living cells and we enumerate persistent open questions to answer before unlocking the mystery of membrane rafts in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Ander Nieto-Garai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Maier Lorizate
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Bilbao, Spain; Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Bilbao, Spain
| | - F-Xabier Contreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Bilbao, Spain; Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Bilbao, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kanmalar M, Abdul Sani SF, Kamri NINB, Said NABM, Jamil AHBA, Kuppusamy S, Mun KS, Bradley DA. Raman spectroscopy biochemical characterisation of bladder cancer cisplatin resistance regulated by FDFT1: a review. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:9. [PMID: 35093030 PMCID: PMC8903573 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in males. It can present across the whole continuum of severity, from mild through well-differentiated disease to extremely malignant tumours with poor survival rates. As with other vital organ malignancies, proper clinical management involves accurate diagnosis and staging. Chemotherapy consisting of a cisplatin-based regimen is the mainstay in the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancers. Control via cisplatin-based chemotherapy is threatened by the development of chemoresistance. Intracellular cholesterol biosynthesis in bladder cancer cells is considered a contributory factor in determining the chemotherapy response. Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1), one of the main regulatory components in cholesterol biosynthesis, may play a role in determining sensitivity towards chemotherapy compounds in bladder cancer. FDFT1-associated molecular identification might serve as an alternative or appendage strategy for early prediction of potentially chemoresistant muscle-invasive bladder cancer tissues. This can be accomplished using Raman spectroscopy. Developments in the instrumentation have led to it becoming one of the most convenient forms of analysis, and there is a highly realistic chance that it will become an effective tool in the pathology lab. Chemosensitive bladder cancer tissues tend to have a higher lipid content, more protein genes and more cholesterol metabolites. These are believed to be associated with resistance towards bladder cancer chemotherapy. Herein, Raman peak assignments have been tabulated as an aid to indicating metabolic changes in bladder cancer tissues that are potentially correlated with FDFT1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kanmalar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fairus Abdul Sani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | - Nur Akmarina B M Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amirah Hajirah B A Jamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Kuppusamy
- Department of Surgery, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K S Mun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, Sunway University, Jalan University, 46150, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Karaosmanoglu Yoneten K, Kasap M, Arga KY, Akpinar G, Utkan NZ. Decreased serum levels of glycerol-3- phosphate dehydrogenase 1 and monoacylglycerol lipase act as diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2022; 34:67-76. [PMID: 34657876 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most life-threatening cancer types among women. Despite major developments in medical sciences and technologies, the incidence and mortality rates of BC cases are still increasing. One of the reasons for this increase is the absence of an easy to perform early-diagnostic tool. Although there are defined BC biomarkers routinely used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, none of these biomarkers is useful for early diagnosis. Therefore, early diagnosis of BC remains an important challenge and there is a great need for the early-diagnostic biomarker(s). OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) proteins as non-invasive serum biomarkers. METHODS GPD1 and MAGL serum levels were determined by ELISA for BC patients (n= 100) from five different subtypes, and healthy controls (n= 20), and a comparative analysis was performed to determine statistically significant expression differences among the groups. RESULTS The results provided evidence that GPD1 acted as a diagnostic biomarker in distinguishing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients from other subtypes, and MAGL acted as a diagnostic biomarker in distinguishing healthy individuals from BC patients. CONCLUSION GPD1 and MAGL might be proposed as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for BC with high sensitivity and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Murat Kasap
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gurler Akpinar
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nihat Zafer Utkan
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Munir R, Zaidi N. Regulation of Lipid Metabolism Under Stress and Its Role in Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:81-113. [PMID: 36301492 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Within the tumor microenvironment, cancer cells are often exposed to oxygen and nutrient deficiency, leading to various changes in their lipid composition and metabolism. These alterations have important therapeutic implications as they affect the cancer cells' survival, membrane dynamics, and therapy response. This chapter provides an overview of recent insights into the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer cells under metabolic stress. We discuss how this metabolic adaptation helps cancer cells thrive in a harsh tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Munir
- Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Hormone Lab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nousheen Zaidi
- Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
- Cancer Research Centre, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jiang H, Tang E, Chen Y, Liu H, Zhao Y, Lin M, He L. FDFT1 predicts poor prognosis in stage I-III colon adenocarcinoma and synergizes SQLE to promote tumor progression. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:971-985. [PMID: 34939274 PMCID: PMC8898704 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most prevalent malignancies, with poor prognosis and lack of effective treatment targets. Squalene synthase (FDFT1) is an upstream enzyme of squalene epoxidase (SQLE) in cholesterol biosynthesis. In a previous study, we revealed that SQLE promotes colon cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigate the prognostic value of FDFT1 in stage I‐III COAD and explore the potential underlying mechanisms. Squalene synthase was significantly upregulated in stage I‐III COAD and positively correlated with poor differentiation and advanced tumor stage. High expression of FDFT1 was an independent predictor of overall and relapse‐free survival, and the nomograms based on FDFT1 could effectively identify patients at high risk of poor outcome. Squalene synthase accelerated colon cancer cell proliferation and promoted tumor growth. Lack of FDFT1 resulted in accumulating NAT8 and D‐pantethine to lower reactive oxygen species levels and inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, the combined inhibition of FDFT1 and SQLE induced a greater suppressive effect on cell proliferation and tumor growth than single inhibition. Taken together, these results indicate that FDFT1 predicts poor prognosis in stage I‐III COAD and has the tumor‐promoting effect on COAD through regulating NAT8 and D‐pantethine. Targeting both FDFT1 and SQLE is a more promising therapy than their single inhibition for stage I‐III COAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Erjiang Tang
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, China.,Center for clinical research and translational medicine, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, China.,Center for clinical research and translational medicine, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Moubin Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, China.,Center for clinical research and translational medicine, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Luwei He
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, China.,Center for clinical research and translational medicine, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Transcriptional Differences in Lipid-Metabolizing Enzymes in Murine Sebocytes Derived from Sebaceous Glands of the Skin and Preputial Glands. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111631. [PMID: 34769061 PMCID: PMC8584257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sebaceous glands are adnexal structures, which critically contribute to skin homeostasis and the establishment of a functional epidermal barrier. Sebocytes, the main cell population found within the sebaceous glands, are highly specialized lipid-producing cells. Sebaceous gland-resembling tissue structures are also found in male rodents in the form of preputial glands. Similar to sebaceous glands, they are composed of lipid-specialized sebocytes. Due to a lack of adequate organ culture models for skin sebaceous glands and the fact that preputial glands are much larger and easier to handle, previous studies used preputial glands as a model for skin sebaceous glands. Here, we compared both types of sebocytes, using a single-cell RNA sequencing approach, to unravel potential similarities and differences between the two sebocyte populations. In spite of common gene expression patterns due to general lipid-producing properties, we found significant differences in the expression levels of genes encoding enzymes involved in the biogenesis of specialized lipid classes. Specifically, genes critically involved in the mevalonate pathway, including squalene synthase, as well as the sphingolipid salvage pathway, such as ceramide synthase, (acid) sphingomyelinase or acid and alkaline ceramidases, were significantly less expressed by preputial gland sebocytes. Together, our data revealed tissue-specific sebocyte populations, indicating major developmental, functional as well as biosynthetic differences between both glands. The use of preputial glands as a surrogate model to study skin sebaceous glands is therefore limited, and major differences between both glands need to be carefully considered before planning an experiment.
Collapse
|
20
|
Autophagic Activation and Decrease of Plasma Membrane Cholesterol Contribute to Anticancer Activities in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195967. [PMID: 34641511 PMCID: PMC8512437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), an aggressive subtype of pulmonary carcinomas with high mortality, accounts for 85% of all lung cancers. Drug resistance and high recurrence rates impede the chemotherapeutic effect, making it urgent to develop new anti-NSCLC agents. Recently, we have demonstrated that para-toluenesulfonamide is a potential anti-tumor agent in human castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) through inhibition of Akt/mTOR/p70S6 kinase pathway and lipid raft disruption. In the current study, we further addressed the critical role of cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomain and autophagic activation to para-toluenesulfonamide action in killing NSCLC. Similar in CRPC, para-toluenesulfonamide inhibited the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in NSCLC cell lines NCI-H460 and A549, leading to G1 arrest of the cell cycle and apoptosis. Para-toluenesulfonamide significantly decreased the cholesterol levels of plasma membrane. External cholesterol supplement rescued para-toluenesulfonamide-mediated effects. Para-toluenesulfonamide induced a profound increase of LC3-II protein expression and a significant decrease of p62 expression. Double staining of lysosomes and cellular cholesterol showed para-toluenesulfonamide-induced lysosomal transportation of cholesterol, which was validated using flow cytometric analysis of lysosome staining. Moreover, autophagy inhibitors could blunt para-toluenesulfonamide-induced effect, indicating autophagy induction. In conclusion, the data suggest that para-toluenesulfonamide is an effective anticancer agent against NSCLC through G1 checkpoint arrest and apoptotic cell death. The disturbance of membrane cholesterol levels and autophagic activation may play a crucial role to para-toluenesulfonamide action.
Collapse
|
21
|
Giacomini I, Gianfanti F, Desbats MA, Orso G, Berretta M, Prayer-Galetti T, Ragazzi E, Cocetta V. Cholesterol Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer and Its Pharmacological Modulation as Therapeutic Strategy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:682911. [PMID: 34109128 PMCID: PMC8181394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a ubiquitous sterol with many biological functions, which are crucial for proper cellular signaling and physiology. Indeed, cholesterol is essential in maintaining membrane physical properties, while its metabolism is involved in bile acid production and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Additionally, isoprenoids metabolites of the mevalonate pathway support protein-prenylation and dolichol, ubiquinone and the heme a biosynthesis. Cancer cells rely on cholesterol to satisfy their increased nutrient demands and to support their uncontrolled growth, thus promoting tumor development and progression. Indeed, transformed cells reprogram cholesterol metabolism either by increasing its uptake and de novo biosynthesis, or deregulating the efflux. Alternatively, tumor can efficiently accumulate cholesterol into lipid droplets and deeply modify the activity of key cholesterol homeostasis regulators. In light of these considerations, altered pathways of cholesterol metabolism might represent intriguing pharmacological targets for the development of exploitable strategies in the context of cancer therapy. Thus, this work aims to discuss the emerging evidence of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials, on the role of cholesterol pathways in the treatment of cancer, starting from already available cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins or fibrates), and moving towards novel potential pharmacological inhibitors or selective target modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Giacomini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Gianfanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Genny Orso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Tommaso Prayer-Galetti
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology - Urology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Cocetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Surface-Exposed and Secreted Proteins from Staphylococci. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050459. [PMID: 34064471 PMCID: PMC8147999 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci (specifically Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) are the causative agents of diseases ranging from superficial skin and soft tissue infections to severe conditions such as fatal pneumonia, bacteremia, sepsis and endocarditis. The widespread and indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to serious problems of resistance to staphylococcal disease and has generated a renewed interest in alternative therapeutic agents such as vaccines and antibodies. Staphylococci express a large repertoire of surface and secreted virulence factors, which provide mechanisms (adhesion, invasion and biofilm development among others) for both bacterial survival in the host and evasion from innate and adaptive immunity. Consequently, the development of antibodies that target specific antigens would provide an effective protective strategy against staphylococcal infections. In this review, we report an update on efforts to develop anti-staphylococci monoclonal antibodies (and their derivatives: minibodies, antibody–antibiotic conjugates) and the mechanism by which such antibodies can help fight infections. We also provide an overview of mAbs used in clinical trials and highlight their therapeutic potential in various infectious contexts.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ha NT, Lee CH. Roles of Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase 1 in Tumour and Tumour Microenvironments. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112352. [PMID: 33113804 PMCID: PMC7693003 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1, squalene synthase), a membrane-associated enzyme, synthesizes squalene via condensation of two molecules of farnesyl pyrophosphate. Accumulating evidence has noted that FDFT1 plays a critical role in cancer, particularly in metabolic reprogramming, cell proliferation, and invasion. Based on these advances in our knowledge, FDFT1 could be a potential target for cancer treatment. This review focuses on the contribution of FDFT1 to the hallmarks of cancer, and further, we discuss the applicability of FDFT1 as a cancer prognostic marker and target for anticancer therapy.
Collapse
|
24
|
Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 regulates lipid homeostasis and drives oncogenic signaling resulting in breast cancer progression. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:75. [PMID: 32660617 PMCID: PMC7359014 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PGRMC1 (progesterone receptor membrane component 1) is a highly conserved heme binding protein, which is overexpressed especially in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and plays an important role in breast carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms by which PGRMC1 drives tumor progression. The aim of our study was to investigate the involvement of PGRMC1 in cholesterol metabolism to detect new mechanisms by which PGRMC1 can increase lipid metabolism and alter cancer-related signaling pathways leading to breast cancer progression. Methods The effect of PGRMC1 overexpression and silencing on cellular proliferation was examined in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. Next, we investigated the interaction of PGRMC1 with enzymes involved in the cholesterol synthesis pathway such as CYP51, FDFT1, and SCD1. Further, the impact of PGRMC1 expression on lipid levels and expression of enzymes involved in lipid homeostasis was examined. Additionally, we assessed the role of PGRMC1 in key cancer-related signaling pathways including EGFR/HER2 and ERα signaling. Results Overexpression of PGRMC1 resulted in significantly enhanced proliferation. PGRMC1 interacted with key enzymes of the cholesterol synthesis pathway, alters the expression of proteins, and results in increased lipid levels. PGRMC1 also influenced lipid raft formation leading to altered expression of growth receptors in membranes of breast cancer cells. Analysis of activation of proteins revealed facilitated ERα and EGFR activation and downstream signaling dependent on PGRMC1 overexpression in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Depletion of cholesterol and fatty acids induced by statins reversed this growth benefit. Conclusion PGRMC1 may mediate proliferation and progression of breast cancer cells potentially by altering lipid metabolism and by activating key oncogenic signaling pathways, such as ERα expression and activation, as well as EGFR signaling. Our present study underlines the potential of PGRMC1 as a target for anti-cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kourounakis AP, Bavavea E. New applications of squalene synthase inhibitors: Membrane cholesterol as a therapeutic target. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000085. [PMID: 32557793 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Squalene synthase (SQS) inhibitors, mostly known as antihyperlipidemic agents for controlling blood cholesterol levels, have been increasingly used to study alterations of the cholesterol content in cell membranes. As such, SQS inhibitors have been demonstrated to control cellular activities related to cancer cell proliferation and migration, neuron degeneration, and parasite growth. While the mechanisms behind the effects of cellular cholesterol are still being revealed in detail, the evidence for SQS as a therapeutic target for several seemingly unrelated diseases is increasing. SQS inhibitors may be the next promising candidates targeting the three remaining primary therapeutic areas, beyond cardiovascular disease, which still need to be addressed; their application as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antineurodegenerative agents appears promising for new drug discovery projects underway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki P Kourounakis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eugenia Bavavea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Weng ML, Chen WK, Chen XY, Lu H, Sun ZR, Yu Q, Sun PF, Xu YJ, Zhu MM, Jiang N, Zhang J, Zhang JP, Song YL, Ma D, Zhang XP, Miao CH. Fasting inhibits aerobic glycolysis and proliferation in colorectal cancer via the Fdft1-mediated AKT/mTOR/HIF1α pathway suppression. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1869. [PMID: 32313017 PMCID: PMC7170903 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that fasting exerts extensive antitumor effects in various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism behind this response is unclear. We investigate the effect of fasting on glucose metabolism and malignancy in CRC. We find that fasting upregulates the expression of a cholesterogenic gene, Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1), during the inhibition of CRC cell aerobic glycolysis and proliferation. In addition, the downregulation of FDFT1 is correlated with malignant progression and poor prognosis in CRC. Moreover, FDFT1 acts as a critical tumor suppressor in CRC. Mechanistically, FDFT1 performs its tumor-inhibitory function by negatively regulating AKT/mTOR/HIF1α signaling. Furthermore, mTOR inhibitor can synergize with fasting in inhibiting the proliferation of CRC. These results indicate that FDFT1 is a key downstream target of the fasting response and may be involved in CRC cell glucose metabolism. Our results suggest therapeutic implications in CRC and potential crosstalk between a cholesterogenic gene and glycolysis. The molecular mechanisms underpinning how fasting inhibits tumourigenesis are not completely elucidated. Here, the authors show that fasting upregulates the cholesterogenic gene FDFT1 which leads to decreased AKT/mTOR/HIF1a signalling and glycolysis reduction in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wan-Kun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiang-Yuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peng-Fei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ya-Jun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min-Min Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhang
- The Institute of Intervention Vessel, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Shanghai Center of Thyroid Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Chang-Hong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Links between cancer metabolism and cisplatin resistance. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 354:107-164. [PMID: 32475471 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most potent and widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of several solid tumors, despite the high toxicity and the frequent relapse of patients due to the onset of drug resistance. Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, either intrinsic or acquired, is currently one of the major problems in oncology. Thus, understanding the biology of chemoresistance is fundamental in order to overcome this challenge and to improve the survival rate of patients. Studies over the last 30 decades have underlined how resistance is a multifactorial phenomenon not yet completely understood. Recently, tumor metabolism has gained a lot of interest in the context of chemoresistance; accumulating evidence suggests that the rearrangements of the principal metabolic pathways within cells, contributes to the sensitivity of tumor to the drug treatment. In this review, the principal metabolic alterations associated with cisplatin resistance are highlighted. Improving the knowledge of the influence of metabolism on cisplatin response is fundamental to identify new possible metabolic targets useful for combinatory treatments, in order to overcome cisplatin resistance.
Collapse
|
28
|
Lisec J, Jaeger C, Rashid R, Munir R, Zaidi N. Cancer cell lipid class homeostasis is altered under nutrient-deprivation but stable under hypoxia. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:501. [PMID: 31138183 PMCID: PMC6537432 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells modify the balance between fatty acid (FA) synthesis and uptake under metabolic stress, induced by oxygen/nutrient deprivation. These modifications were shown to alter the levels of individual triglyceride (TG) or phospholipid sub-species. To attain a holistic overview of the lipidomic profiles of cancer cells under stress we performed a broad lipidomic assay, comprising 244 lipids from six major classes. This assay allowed us to perform robust analyses and assess the changes in averages of broader lipid-classes, stratified on the basis of saturation index of their fatty-acyl side chains. METHODS Global lipidomic profiling using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was performed to assess lipidomic profiles of biologically diverse cancer cell lines cultivated under metabolically stressed conditions. RESULTS Neutral lipid compositions were markedly modified under serum-deprived conditions and, strikingly, the cellular level of triglyceride subspecies decreased with increasing number of double bonds in their fatty acyl chains. In contrast and unexpectedly, no robust changes were observed in lipidomic profiles of hypoxic (2% O2) cancer cells despite concurrent changes in proliferation rates and metabolic gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Serum-deprivation significantly affects lipidomic profiles of cancer cells. Although, the levels of individual lipid moieties alter under hypoxia (2% O2), the robust averages of broader lipid classes remain unchanged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lisec
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Jaeger
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum (MKFZ), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rida Rashid
- Cancer Biology Lab, MMG, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rimsha Munir
- Cancer Biology Lab, MMG, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nousheen Zaidi
- Cancer Biology Lab, MMG, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Munir R, Lisec J, Swinnen JV, Zaidi N. Lipid metabolism in cancer cells under metabolic stress. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:1090-1098. [PMID: 31092908 PMCID: PMC6738079 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are often exposed to a metabolically challenging environment with scarce availability of oxygen and nutrients. This metabolic stress leads to changes in the balance between the endogenous synthesis and exogenous uptake of fatty acids, which are needed by cells for membrane biogenesis, energy production and protein modification. Alterations in lipid metabolism and, consequently, lipid composition have important therapeutic implications, as they affect the survival, membrane dynamics and therapy response of cancer cells. In this article, we provide an overview of recent insights into the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer cells under metabolic stress and discuss how this metabolic adaptation helps cancer cells thrive in a harsh tumour microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Munir
- Cancer Biology Lab, MMG, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Jan Lisec
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nousheen Zaidi
- Cancer Biology Lab, MMG, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ge H, Zhao Y, Shi X, Tan Z, Chi X, He M, Jiang G, Ji L, Li H. Squalene epoxidase promotes the proliferation and metastasis of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells though extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:428-436. [PMID: 30734525 PMCID: PMC6397918 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The biological function of squalene epoxidase (SQLE), an important rate‐limiting enzyme in downstream cholesterol synthesis, is to convert squalene to 2‐3 oxacin squalene. The expression of SQLE in lung cancer is abnormal. We conducted this study to investigate the effect of SQLE expression on lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) proliferation, migration, and invasion and its role in extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Methods Cell Counting Kit 8, wound healing, and Transwell assays; Western blotting; and quantitative real‐time PCR were used to investigate the effect of SQLE in a lung SCC H520 cell line. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to identify the prognostic significance of SQLE. Results Overexpression of SQLE promoted lung SCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas knockdown of SQLE expression showed the opposite effect. SQLE can interact with ERK to enhance its phosphorylation. SQLE may contribute to the pathogenesis of lung cancer by modulating ERK signaling. Further survival analysis indicated that high expression of SQLE indicated poor prognosis in lung SCC. Conclusion Our study presents novel evidence of potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for lung SCC therapy and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ge
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yamei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Hanting District People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xinyan Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaorui Chi
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Man He
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixia Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tumour microenvironment and metabolic plasticity in cancer and cancer stem cells: Perspectives on metabolic and immune regulatory signatures in chemoresistant ovarian cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:265-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
32
|
Tüzmen Ş, Hostetter G, Watanabe A, Ekmekçi C, Carrigan PE, Shechter I, Kallioniemi O, Miller LJ, Mousses S. Characterization of farnesyl diphosphate farnesyl transferase 1 (FDFT1) expression in cancer. Per Med 2018; 16:51-65. [PMID: 30468409 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2016-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To help characterize the FDFT1 gene and protein expression in cancer. Cholesterol represents an important structural component of lipid rafts. These specializations can be involved in pathways stimulating cell growth, survival and other processes active in cancer. This cellular compartment can be expanded by acquisition of cholesterol from the circulation or by its synthesis in a metabolic pathway regulated by the FDFT1 enzyme. Given the critical role this might play in carcinogenesis and in the behavior of cancers, we have examined the level of this enzyme in various types of human cancer. Our demonstration of elevated levels of FDFT1 mRNA and protein in some tumors relative to surrounding normal tissue identifies this as a possible biomarker for disease development and progression, and as a potential new target for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Şükrü Tüzmen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology & Genetics Program, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU), Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, 99628, Turkey.,Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Galen Hostetter
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.,Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Aprill Watanabe
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.,Cigna Medical Group, Texas Tech University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Cumhur Ekmekçi
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.,Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Patricia E Carrigan
- Cancer Center & Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.,Bayer HealthCare, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ishaiahu Shechter
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland & University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laurence J Miller
- Cancer Center & Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Spyro Mousses
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.,Systems Oncology, Scottsdale, AZ 85260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cariello M, Ducheix S, Maqdasy S, Baron S, Moschetta A, Lobaccaro JMA. LXRs, SHP, and FXR in Prostate Cancer: Enemies or Ménage à Quatre With AR? NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2018; 15:1550762918801070. [PMID: 30718981 PMCID: PMC6348739 DOI: 10.1177/1550762918801070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Androgens and androgen receptor (AR, NR3C4) clearly play a crucial role in
prostate cancer progression. Besides, the link between metabolic disorders and
the risk of developing a prostate cancer has been emerging these last years.
Interestingly, “lipid” nuclear receptors such as LXRα/NR1H3 and LXRβ/NR1H2 (as
well as FXRα/NR1H4 and SHP/NR0B2) have been described to decrease the lipid
metabolism, while AR increases it. Moreover, these former orphan nuclear
receptors can regulate androgen levels and modulate AR activity. Thus, it is not
surprising to find such receptors involved in the physiology of prostate. This
review is focused on the roles of liver X receptors (LXRs), farnesoid X receptor
(FXR), and small heterodimeric partner (SHP) in prostate physiology and their
capabilities to interfere with the androgen-regulated pathways by modulating the
levels of active androgen within the prostate. By the use of prostate cancer
cell lines, mice deficient for these nuclear receptors and human tissue
libraries, several authors have pointed out the putative possibility to
pharmacologically target these receptors. These data open a new field of
research for the development of new drugs that could overcome the castration
resistance in prostate cancer, a usual phenomenon in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Ducheix
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy
| | - Salwan Maqdasy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Oncologico "Giovanni Paolo II," Bari, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gupta VK, Sharma NS, Kesh K, Dauer P, Nomura A, Giri B, Dudeja V, Banerjee S, Bhattacharya S, Saluja A, Banerjee S. Metastasis and chemoresistance in CD133 expressing pancreatic cancer cells are dependent on their lipid raft integrity. Cancer Lett 2018; 439:101-112. [PMID: 30290209 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring is an integral part of tumor growth. Among metabolic pathways, the Mevalonic-Acid-Pathway (MVAP) plays a key role in maintaining membrane architecture through cholesterol synthesis, thereby affecting invasiveness. In the current study, we show for the first time that CD133Hi pancreatic tumor initiating cells (TIC) have increased expression of MVAP enzymes, cholesterol-content and Caveolin expression. Further, we show that CD133 in these cells is localized in the lipid-rafts (characterized by Cav-1-cholesterol association). Disruption of lipid-rafts by either depleting Cav-1 or by inhibiting MVAP by lovastatin decreased metastatic-potential and chemoresistance in CD133Hi cells while not affecting the CD133lo cells. Additionally, disruption of lipid-raft results in deregulation of FAK-signaling, decreasing invasiveness in pancreatic-TICs. Furthermore, this also inhibits ABC-transporter activity resulting in sensitizing TICs to standard chemotherapeutic agents. Repurposing existing drugs for new clinical applications is one of the safest and least resource intensive approaches to improve therapeutic options. In this context, our study is extremely timely as it shows that targeting lipid-rafts with statins can sensitize the normally resistant pancreatic TICHi-cells to standard chemotherapy and decrease metastasis, thereby defining a novel strategy for targeting the TICHi-PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikita S Sharma
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Kousik Kesh
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Patricia Dauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Alice Nomura
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Bhuwan Giri
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Santanu Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | | | - Ashok Saluja
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sulagna Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chatterjee P, Yadav M, Chauhan N, Huang Y, Luo Y. Cancer Cell Metabolism Featuring Nrf2. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2018; 17:263-271. [PMID: 30207221 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180911092443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the major role of Nrf2 has long been established as a transcription factor for providing cellular protection against oxidative stress, multiple pieces of research and reviews now claim exactly the opposite. The dilemma - "to activate or inhibit" the protein requires an immediate answer, which evidently links cellular metabolism to the causes and purpose of cancer. Profusely growing cancerous cells have prolific energy requirements, which can only be fulfilled by modulating cellular metabolism. This review highlights the cause and effect of Nrf2 modulation in cancer that in turn channelize cellular metabolism, thereby fulfilling the energy requirements of cancer cells. The present work also highlights the purpose of genetic mutations in Nrf2, in relation to cellular metabolism in cancer cells, thus pointing out a newer approach where parallel mutations may be the key factor to decide whether to activate or inhibit Nrf2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payal Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Softvision College, Indore, MP 452010, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Mukesh Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Softvision College, Indore, MP 452010, India
| | - Namrata Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Softvision College, Indore, MP 452010, India
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Paw M, Wnuk D, Kądziołka D, Sęk A, Lasota S, Czyż J, Madeja Z, Michalik M. Fenofibrate Reduces the Asthma-Related Fibroblast-To-Myofibroblast Transition by TGF-Β/Smad2/3 Signaling Attenuation and Connexin 43-Dependent Phenotype Destabilization. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092571. [PMID: 30158495 PMCID: PMC6163263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of human bronchial fibroblasts by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) leads to the formation of highly contractile myofibroblasts in the process of the fibroblast–myofibroblast transition (FMT). This process is crucial for subepithelial fibrosis and bronchial wall remodeling in asthma. However, this process evades current therapeutic asthma treatment strategies. Since our previous studies showed the attenuation of the TGF-β1-induced FMT in response to lipid-lowering agents (e.g., statins), we were interested to see whether a corresponding effect could be obtained upon administration of hypolipidemic agents. In this study, we investigated the effect of fenofibrate on FMT efficiency in populations of bronchial fibroblasts derived from asthmatic patients. Fenofibrate exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the FMT, even though it did not efficiently affect the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA; marker of myofibroblasts); however, it considerably reduced its incorporation into stress fibers through connexin 43 regulation. This effect was accompanied by disturbances in the actin cytoskeleton architecture, impairments in the maturation of focal adhesions, and the fenofibrate-induced deactivation of TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling. These data suggest that fenofibrate interferes with myofibroblastic differentiation during asthma-related subepithelial fibrosis. The data indicate the potential application of fenofibrate in the therapy and prevention of bronchial remodeling during the asthmatic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Paw
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Dominika Kądziołka
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Sęk
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland.
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Lasota
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marta Michalik
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Discovery of Potential Inhibitors of Squalene Synthase from Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Virtual Screening and In Vitro Evaluation of Lipid-Lowering Effect. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051040. [PMID: 29710800 PMCID: PMC6102583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Squalene synthase (SQS), a key downstream enzyme involved in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, plays an important role in treating hyperlipidemia. Compared to statins, SQS inhibitors have shown a very significant lipid-lowering effect and do not cause myotoxicity. Thus, the paper aims to discover potential SQS inhibitors from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by the combination of molecular modeling methods and biological assays. In this study, cynarin was selected as a potential SQS inhibitor candidate compound based on its pharmacophoric properties, molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Cynarin could form hydrophobic interactions with PHE54, LEU211, LEU183 and PRO292, which are regarded as important interactions for the SQS inhibitors. In addition, the lipid-lowering effect of cynarin was tested in sodium oleate-induced HepG2 cells by decreasing the lipidemic parameter triglyceride (TG) level by 22.50%. Finally. cynarin was reversely screened against other anti-hyperlipidemia targets which existed in HepG2 cells and cynarin was unable to map with the pharmacophore of these targets, which indicated that the lipid-lowering effects of cynarin might be due to the inhibition of SQS. This study discovered cynarin is a potential SQS inhibitor from TCM, which could be further clinically explored for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
|
38
|
Xiong T, Xu G, Huang XL, Lu KQ, Xie WQ, Yin K, Tu J. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1: A promising therapy target for prostate cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 8:9-14. [PMID: 29399345 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) has been found to mediate the transfer of cellular cholesterol across the plasma membrane to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), and is essential for the synthesis of high-density lipoprotein. Mutations of the ABCA1 gene may induce Tangier disease and familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia; they may also lead to loss of cellular cholesterol homeostasis in prostate cancer, and increased intracellular cholesterol levels are frequently found in prostate cancer cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that ABCA1 may exert anticancer effects through cellular cholesterol efflux, which has been attracting increasing attention in association with prostate cancer. The aim of the present review was to focus on the current views on prostate cancer progression and the various functions of ABCA1, in order to provide new therapeutic targets for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiong
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Diagnostics Teaching and Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Long Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Qiang Lu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Quan Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of Diagnostics Teaching and Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Tu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Alioui A, Dufour J, Leoni V, Loregger A, Moeton M, Iuliano L, Zerbinati C, Septier A, Val P, Fouache A, Russo V, Volle DH, Lobaccaro JMA, Zelcer N, Baron S. Liver X receptors constrain tumor development and metastasis dissemination in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2017; 8:445. [PMID: 28874658 PMCID: PMC5585406 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) is a clinical challenge as no curative therapeutic is available. In this context, a better understanding of metastasis and resistance mechanisms in PCa is an important issue. As phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss is the most common genetic lesion in such cancer, we investigate human data sets for mechanisms that can constrain cancer evolution in this setting. Here we report a liver X receptor (LXR) signature, which tightly correlates with PTEN loss, in PCa. Accordingly, the LXR pathway is deregulated in prostate carcinomas in Pten-null mice. Genetic ablation of LXRs in Pten-null mice, exacerbates PCa invasiveness and metastatic dissemination, which involves mesenchymal transition and accumulation of matrix metalloproteinases. Mechanistically, PTEN deletion governed LXR transcriptional activity through deregulation of cholesterol de novo synthesis, resulting in accumulation of endogenous LXR ligands. Our study therefore reveals a functional circuit linking PTEN and LXR, and highlights LXRs as metabolic gatekeepers that are able to constrain PCa progression. Treatment of prostate cancer, especially in its advanced stage, is still challenging; therefore, strategies to prevent metastatic dissemination are of great interest. Here the authors reveal a crucial role for liver X receptors in suppressing prostate carcinogenesis and metastatic progression in PTEN-null tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Alioui
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, BP 38, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS, UMR 6293, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM, UMR 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Dufour
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, BP 38, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS, UMR 6293, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM, UMR 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital of Varese, AST_Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Anke Loregger
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Moeton
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Luigi Iuliano
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, 04100, Italy
| | - Chiara Zerbinati
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, 04100, Italy
| | - Amandine Septier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, BP 38, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS, UMR 6293, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM, UMR 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Val
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, BP 38, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS, UMR 6293, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM, UMR 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Allan Fouache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, BP 38, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS, UMR 6293, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM, UMR 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Unit of Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors, Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - David H Volle
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, BP 38, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS, UMR 6293, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM, UMR 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, BP 38, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,CNRS, UMR 6293, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,INSERM, UMR 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Silvère Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, BP 38, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,CNRS, UMR 6293, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,INSERM, UMR 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Technological advances and proteomic applications in drug discovery and target deconvolution: identification of the pleiotropic effects of statins. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:848-869. [PMID: 28284830 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic-based techniques provide a powerful tool for identifying the full spectrum of protein targets of a drug, elucidating its mechanism(s) of action, and identifying biomarkers of its efficacy and safety. Herein, we outline the technological advancements in the field, and illustrate the contribution of proteomics to the definition of the pharmacological profile of statins, which represent the cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Statins act by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, thus reducing cholesterol biosynthesis and consequently enhancing the clearance of low-density lipoproteins from the blood; however, HMG-CoA reductase inhibition can result in a multitude of additional effects beyond lipid lowering, known as 'pleiotropic effects'. The case of statins highlights the unique contribution of proteomics to the target profiling of a drug molecule.
Collapse
|
41
|
García-Ruiz C, Ribas V, Baulies A, Fernández-Checa JC. Mitochondrial Cholesterol and the Paradox in Cell Death. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 240:189-210. [PMID: 28035533 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are considered cholesterol-poor organelles, and obtain their cholesterol load by the action of specialized proteins involved in its delivery from extramitochondrial sources and trafficking within mitochondrial membranes. Although mitochondrial cholesterol fulfills vital physiological functions, such as the synthesis of bile acids in the liver or the formation of steroid hormones in specialized tissues, recent evidence indicates that the accumulation of cholesterol in mitochondria may be a key event in prevalent human diseases, in particular in the development of steatohepatitis (SH) and its progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation promotes the transition from simple steatosis to SH due to the sensitization to oxidative stress and cell death. However, mitochondrial cholesterol loading in HCC determines apoptosis resistance and insensitivity to chemotherapy. These opposing functions of mitochondrial cholesterol in SH and HCC define its paradoxical role in cell death as a pro- and anti-apoptotic factor. Further understanding of this conundrum may be useful to modulate the progression from SH to HCC by targeting mitochondrial cholesterol trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Instituto Investigaciones Biomedicas de Barcelona, CSIC, C/Rosello 161, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Keck School of Medicine, USC, University of Southern California Research Center for Alcohol Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vicente Ribas
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Instituto Investigaciones Biomedicas de Barcelona, CSIC, C/Rosello 161, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Baulies
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Instituto Investigaciones Biomedicas de Barcelona, CSIC, C/Rosello 161, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose C Fernández-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Instituto Investigaciones Biomedicas de Barcelona, CSIC, C/Rosello 161, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain.
- Keck School of Medicine, USC, University of Southern California Research Center for Alcohol Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hosseinpour M, Mobini-Dehkordi M, Teimori H. Quantitative Gene Expression of ERG9 in Model Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Chamomile Extract For Human Cancer Treatment. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:FC05-8. [PMID: 27630863 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/18149.8187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over expression of squalene synthase gene causes induction of growth tumour and reduction of apoptosis. This gene which is conserved between Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and humans, is named (ERG9). AIM In this work, we studied the effect of Matricaria recutita extract on ERG9 gene (squalene synthase) expression in S.cerevisiae which was used as organism model in cancer therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS S. cerevisiae was cultured in YPD medium plus 0,250, 1000 and 3000 μg/ml of Matricaria recutita extract and we evaluated the (ERG9) gene expression by Real-time RT-PCR method after 24 hours. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED At least 3 independent experiments were done. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Dunnett's test. A p-value of less than 0.01 was considered as significant. RESULTS We found that 250, 1000 and 3000 μg/ml of Matricaria recutita extract could reduce expression of ERG9 gene significantly (p<0.01). Interestingly, the expression of this gene was completely inhibited in 1000 and 3000 μg/ml concentrations. CONCLUSION This study predicted that Matricaria recutita extract produced anti-cancer effects in humans, because it could inhibit the expression of an analogue key gene in this malignant disease. Further investigations should be made, to study its molecular mechanism of action at the mammal cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hosseinpour
- Faculty of Science, Department of Genetics, University of Shahrekord , Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Teimori
- Assistant Professor, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Unique proteome signature of post-chemotherapy ovarian cancer ascites-derived tumor cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30061. [PMID: 27470985 PMCID: PMC4965858 DOI: 10.1038/srep30061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighty % of ovarian cancer patients diagnosed at an advanced-stage have complete remission after initial surgery and chemotherapy. However, most patients die within <5 years due to episodes of recurrences resulting from the growth of residual chemoresistant cells. In an effort to identify mechanisms associated with chemoresistance and recurrence, we compared the expression of proteins in ascites-derived tumor cells isolated from advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients obtained at diagnosis (chemonaive, CN) and after chemotherapy treatments (chemoresistant/at recurrence, CR) by using in-depth, high-resolution label-free quantitative proteomic profiling. A total of 2,999 proteins were identified. Using a stringent selection criterion to define only significantly differentially expressed proteins, we report identification of 353 proteins. There were significant differences in proteins encoding for immune surveillance, DNA repair mechanisms, cytoskeleton rearrangement, cell-cell adhesion, cell cycle pathways, cellular transport, and proteins involved with glycine/proline/arginine synthesis in tumor cells isolated from CR relative to CN patients. Pathway analyses revealed enrichment of metabolic pathways, DNA repair mechanisms and energy metabolism pathways in CR tumor cells. In conclusion, this is the first proteomics study to comprehensively analyze ascites-derived tumor cells from CN and CR ovarian cancer patients.
Collapse
|
44
|
Mitochondria, cholesterol and cancer cell metabolism. Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:22. [PMID: 27455839 PMCID: PMC4960093 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the role of mitochondria in oxygen consumption, metabolism and cell death regulation, alterations in mitochondrial function or dysregulation of cell death pathways contribute to the genesis and progression of cancer. Cancer cells exhibit an array of metabolic transformations induced by mutations leading to gain-of-function of oncogenes and loss-of-function of tumor suppressor genes that include increased glucose consumption, reduced mitochondrial respiration, increased reactive oxygen species generation and cell death resistance, all of which ensure cancer progression. Cholesterol metabolism is disturbed in cancer cells and supports uncontrolled cell growth. In particular, the accumulation of cholesterol in mitochondria emerges as a molecular component that orchestrates some of these metabolic alterations in cancer cells by impairing mitochondrial function. As a consequence, mitochondrial cholesterol loading in cancer cells may contribute, in part, to the Warburg effect stimulating aerobic glycolysis to meet the energetic demand of proliferating cells, while protecting cancer cells against mitochondrial apoptosis due to changes in mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Further understanding the complexity in the metabolic alterations of cancer cells, mediated largely through alterations in mitochondrial function, may pave the way to identify more efficient strategies for cancer treatment involving the use of small molecules targeting mitochondria, cholesterol homeostasis/trafficking and specific metabolic pathways.
Collapse
|
45
|
Schultz A, Qutub AA. Reconstruction of Tissue-Specific Metabolic Networks Using CORDA. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004808. [PMID: 26942765 PMCID: PMC4778931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metabolism involves thousands of reactions and metabolites. To interpret this complexity, computational modeling becomes an essential experimental tool. One of the most popular techniques to study human metabolism as a whole is genome scale modeling. A key challenge to applying genome scale modeling is identifying critical metabolic reactions across diverse human tissues. Here we introduce a novel algorithm called Cost Optimization Reaction Dependency Assessment (CORDA) to build genome scale models in a tissue-specific manner. CORDA performs more efficiently computationally, shows better agreement to experimental data, and displays better model functionality and capacity when compared to previous algorithms. CORDA also returns reaction associations that can greatly assist in any manual curation to be performed following the automated reconstruction process. Using CORDA, we developed a library of 76 healthy and 20 cancer tissue-specific reconstructions. These reconstructions identified which metabolic pathways are shared across diverse human tissues. Moreover, we identified changes in reactions and pathways that are differentially included and present different capacity profiles in cancer compared to healthy tissues, including up-regulation of folate metabolism, the down-regulation of thiamine metabolism, and tight regulation of oxidative phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Schultz
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amina A. Qutub
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e189. [PMID: 26807644 PMCID: PMC4728678 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 934] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human diseases, including metabolic, immune and central nervous system disorders, as well as cancer, are the consequence of an alteration in lipid metabolic enzymes and their pathways. This illustrates the fundamental role played by lipids in maintaining membrane homeostasis and normal function in healthy cells. We reviewed the major lipid dysfunctions occurring during tumor development, as determined using systems biology approaches. In it, we provide detailed insight into the essential roles exerted by specific lipids in mediating intracellular oncogenic signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress and bidirectional crosstalk between cells of the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells. Finally, we summarize the advances in ongoing research aimed at exploiting the dependency of cancer cells on lipids to abolish tumor progression.
Collapse
|
47
|
Pan JJ, Ramamoorthy G, Poulter CD. Absolute Configuration of Hydroxysqualene. An Intermediate in Bacterial Hopanoid Biosynthesis. Org Lett 2016; 18:512-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jung Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Gurusankar Ramamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - C. Dale Poulter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Aberrant de novo cholesterogenesis: Clinical significance and implications. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 450:356-61. [PMID: 26386164 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Human cells can acquire cholesterol from the circulation but also have the ability to synthesize it via de novo cholesterogenesis (DC). Cholesterol absorption and de novo cholesterogenesis are the key processes that modulate cholesterol homeostasis in the human body. The endogenous biosynthesis of cholesterol substantially contributes to the whole-body cholesterol pool. Additionally, dysregulation of this pathway is associated with diverse medical conditions. The present review focuses on our current understanding of the cholesterogenic pathway and the various different factors regulating this pathway. It also highlights dysregulation of this pathway in various physiological and pathological conditions including cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, obesity and viral infections.
Collapse
|
49
|
Yamasaki M, Nishimura M, Sakakibara Y, Suiko M, Morishita K, Nishiyama K. Delta-tocotrienol induces apoptotic cell death via depletion of intracellular squalene in ED40515 cells. Food Funct 2015; 5:2842-9. [PMID: 25225850 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00635f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we examined the effect of tocotrienols (T3) on the growth of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells. All three forms (β-, γ-, and δ-T3) inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner; δ-T3 showed the strongest growth-inhibitory effect. δ-T3 increased the G1, G2/M, and subG1 populations and induced internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. δ-T3 treatment also increased the levels of cleaved caspase-3, -6, -7, -9, and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), and this was accompanied by downregulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and XIAP. Moreover, δ-T3 decreased nuclear p65 NF-κB levels, indicating downregulation of NF-κB activity. This cytotoxic effect of δ-T3 was abrogated by squalene (SQL) but not mevalonate (MVL), farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), or cholesterol (CL). δ-T3 decreased intracellular SQL levels, and inhibition of de novo cholesterol synthesis did not affect the action of SQL. Furthermore, δ-T3 significantly decreased farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1) expression. Taken together, it is evident that δ-T3, due to its ability to potently induce apoptosis via the depletion of intracellular SQL, shows the potential to be considered a therapeutic agent in patients with ATL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Yamasaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Trenin AS. [Microbial metabolites that inhibit sterol biosynthesis, their chemical diversity and characteristics of mode of action]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 39:633-57. [PMID: 25696927 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162013060095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis (ISB) are widespread in nature and characterized by appreciable diversity both in their chemical structure and mode of action. Many of these inhibitors express noticeable biological activity and approved themselves in development of various pharmaceuticals. In this review there is a detailed description of biologically active microbial metabolites with revealed chemical structure that have ability to inhibit sterol biosynthesis. Inhibitors of mevalonate pathway in fungous and mammalian cells, exhibiting hypolipidemic or antifungal activity, as well as inhibitors of alternative non-mevalonate (pyruvate gliceraldehyde phosphate) isoprenoid pathway, which are promising in the development of affective antimicrobial or antiparasitic drugs, are under consideration in this review. Chemical formulas of the main natural inhibitors and their semi-synthetic derivatives are represented. Mechanism of their action at cellular and biochemical level is discussed. Special attention is given to inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (group of lovastatin) and inhibitors of acyl-CoA-cholesterol-acyl transferase (ACAT) that possess hypolipidemic activity and could be affective in the treatment of atherosclerosis. In case of inhibitors of late stages of sterol biosynthesis (after squalene formation) special attention is paid to compounds possessing evident antifungal and antitumoral activity. Explanation of mechanism of anticancer and antiviral action of microbial ISB, as well as the description of their ability to induce apoptosis is given.
Collapse
|