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Zou R, Zhou J, Cheng B, Wang G, Fan J, Li X. Aquaporin LjNIP1;5 positively modulates drought tolerance by promoting arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Lotus japonicus. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 342:112036. [PMID: 38365002 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress often affects crop growth and even causes crop death, while aquaporins can maintain osmotic balance by transporting water across membranes, so it is important to study how to improve drought tolerance of crops by using aquaporins. In this work, we characterize a set of subfamily members named NIPs belonging to the family of aquaporins in Lotus japonicus, grouping 14 family members based on the sequence similarity in the aromatic/arginine (Ar/R) region. Among these members, LjNIP1;5 is one of the genes with the highest expression in roots which is induced by the AM fungus. In Lotus japonicus, LjNIP1;5 is highly expressed in symbiotic roots, and its promoter can be induced by drought stress and AM fungus. Root colonization analysis reveals that ljnip1:5 mutant exhibits lower mycorrhizal colonization than the wild type, with increasing the proportion of large arbuscule, and fewer arbuscule produced by symbiosis under drought stress. In the LjNIP1;5OE plant, we detected a strong antioxidant capacity compared to the control, and LjNIP1;5OE showed higher stem length under drought stress. Taken together, the current results facilitate our comprehensive understanding of the plant adaptive to drought stress with the coordination of the specific fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifan Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High Quality Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High Quality Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High Quality Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High Quality Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High Quality Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High Quality Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Kong W, Huang H, Du W, Jiang Z, Luo Y, Yi D, Yang G, Pang Y. Overexpression of MsNIP2 improves salinity tolerance in Medicago sativa. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 295:154207. [PMID: 38430574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is one of the most widely cultivated forage crops in the world. However, alfalfa yield and quality are adversely affected by salinity stress. Nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs) play essential roles in water and small molecules transport and response to salt stress. Here, we isolated a salt stress responsive MsNIP2 gene and demonstrated its functions by overexpression in alfalfa. The open reading frame of MsNIP2 is 816 bp in length, and it encodes 272 amino acids. It has six transmembrane domains and two NPA motifs. MsNIP2 showed high identity to other known NIP proteins, and its tertiary model was similar to the crystal structure of OsNIP2-1 (7cjs) tetramer. Subcellular localization analysis showed that MsNIP2 protein fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was localized to the plasma membrane. Transgenic alfalfa lines overexpressing MsNIP2 showed significantly higher height and branch number compared with the non-transgenic control. The POD and CAT activity of the transgenic alfalfa lines was significantly increased and their MDA content was notably reduced compared with the control group under the treatment of NaCl. The transgenic lines showed higher capability in scavenging oxygen radicals with lighter NBT staining than the control under salt stress. The transgenic lines showed relative lower water loss rate and electrolyte leakage, but relatively higher Na+ content than the control line under salt stress. The relative expression levels of abiotic-stress-related genes (MsHSP23, MsCOR47, MsATPase, and MsRD2) in three transgenic lines were compared with the control, among them, only the expression of MsCOR47 was up-regulated. Consequently, this study offers a novel perspective for exploring the function of MsNIP2 in improving salt tolerance of alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Kong
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China; Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haijun Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenxuan Du
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhihu Jiang
- West Arid Region Grassland Resource and Ecology Key Laboratory, College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Yijing Luo
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dengxia Yi
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Venkataraghavan A, Schwerdt JG, Tyerman SD, Hrmova M. Barley Nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein permeates water, metalloids, saccharides, and ion pairs due to structural plasticity and diversification. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105410. [PMID: 37913906 PMCID: PMC10716587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins can facilitate the passive movement of water, small polar molecules, and some ions. Here, we examined solute selectivity for the barley Nodulin 26-like Intrinsic Protein (HvNIP2;1) embedded in liposomes and examined through stopped-flow light scattering spectrophotometry and Xenopus laevis oocyte swelling assays. We found that HvNIP2;1 permeates water, boric and germanic acids, sucrose, and lactose but not d-glucose or d-fructose. Other saccharides, such as neutral (d-mannose, d-galactose, d-xylose, d-mannoheptaose) and charged (N-acetyl d-glucosamine, d-glucosamine, d-glucuronic acid) aldoses, disaccharides (cellobiose, gentiobiose, trehalose), trisaccharide raffinose, and urea, glycerol, and acyclic polyols, were permeated to a much lower extent. We observed apparent permeation of hydrated KCl and MgSO4 ions, while CH3COONa and NaNO3 permeated at significantly lower rates. Our experiments with boric acid and sucrose revealed no apparent interaction between solutes when permeated together, and AgNO3 or H[AuCl4] blocked the permeation of all solutes. Docking of sucrose in HvNIP2;1 and spinach water-selective SoPIP2;1 aquaporins revealed the structural basis for sucrose permeation in HvNIP2;1 but not in SoPIP2;1, and defined key residues interacting with this permeant. In a biological context, sucrose transport could constitute a novel element of plant saccharide-transporting machinery. Phylogenomic analyses of 164 Viridiplantae and 2993 Archaean, bacterial, fungal, and Metazoan aquaporins rationalized solute poly-selectivity in NIP3 sub-clade entries and suggested that they diversified from other sub-clades to acquire a unique specificity of saccharide transporters. Solute specificity definition in NIP aquaporins could inspire developing plants for food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshayaa Venkataraghavan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julian G Schwerdt
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Hrmova
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia.
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Bakshi A, Choi WG, Kim SH, Gilroy S. The vacuolar Ca 2+ transporter CATION EXCHANGER 2 regulates cytosolic calcium homeostasis, hypoxic signaling, and response to flooding in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1830-1847. [PMID: 37743731 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Flooding represents a major threat to global agricultural productivity and food security, but plants are capable of deploying a suite of adaptive responses that can lead to short- or longer-term survival to this stress. One cellular pathway thought to help coordinate these responses is via flooding-triggered Ca2+ signaling. We have mined publicly available transcriptomic data from Arabidopsis subjected to flooding or low oxygen stress to identify rapidly upregulated, Ca2+ -related transcripts. We then focused on transporters likely to modulate Ca2+ signals. Candidates emerging from this analysis included AUTOINHIBITED Ca2+ ATPASE 1 and CATION EXCHANGER 2. We therefore assayed mutants in these genes for flooding sensitivity at levels from growth to patterns of gene expression and the kinetics of flooding-related Ca2+ changes. Knockout mutants in CAX2 especially showed enhanced survival to soil waterlogging coupled with suppressed induction of many marker genes for hypoxic response and constitutive activation of others. CAX2 mutants also generated larger and more sustained Ca2+ signals in response to both flooding and hypoxic challenges. CAX2 is a Ca2+ transporter located on the tonoplast, and so these results are consistent with an important role for vacuolar Ca2+ transport in the signaling systems that trigger flooding response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadipta Bakshi
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Won-Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Su-Hwa Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Salvatierra A, Mateluna P, Toro G, Solís S, Pimentel P. Genome-Wide Identification and Gene Expression Analysis of Sweet Cherry Aquaporins ( Prunus avium L.) under Abiotic Stresses. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040940. [PMID: 37107698 PMCID: PMC10138167 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral transmembrane proteins well known as channels involved in the mobilization of water, small uncharged molecules and gases. In this work, the main objective was to carry out a comprehensive study of AQP encoding genes in Prunus avium (cv. Mazzard F12/1) on a genome-wide scale and describe their transcriptional behaviors in organs and in response to different abiotic stresses. A total of 28 non-redundant AQP genes were identified in Prunus spp. Genomes, which were phylogenetically grouped into five subfamilies (seven PIPs, eight NIPs, eight TIPs, three SIPs and two XIPs). Bioinformatic analyses revealed a high synteny and remarkable conservation of structural features among orthologs of different Prunus genomes. Several cis-acting regulatory elements (CREs) related to stress regulation were detected (ARE, WRE3, WUN, STRE, LTR, MBS, DRE, AT-rich and TC-rich). The above could be accounting for the expression variations associated with plant organs and, especially, each abiotic stress analyzed. Gene expressions of different PruavAQPs were shown to be preferentially associated with different stresses. PruavXIP2;1 and PruavXIP1;1 were up-regulated in roots at 6 h and 72 h of hypoxia, and in PruavXIP2;1 a slight induction of expression was also detected in leaves. Drought treatment strongly down-regulated PruavTIP4;1 but only in roots. Salt stress exhibited little or no variation in roots, except for PruavNIP4;1 and PruavNIP7;1, which showed remarkable gene repression and induction, respectively. Interestingly, PruavNIP4;1, the AQP most expressed in cherry roots subjected to cold temperatures, also showed this pattern in roots under high salinity. Similarly, PruavNIP4;2 consistently was up-regulated at 72 h of heat and drought treatments. From our evidence is possible to propose candidate genes for the development of molecular markers for selection processes in breeding programs for rootstocks and/or varieties of cherry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Salvatierra
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo 2940000, Chile
| | - Patricio Mateluna
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo 2940000, Chile
| | - Guillermo Toro
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo 2940000, Chile
| | - Simón Solís
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo 2940000, Chile
| | - Paula Pimentel
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo 2940000, Chile
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Nicolas-Espinosa J, Carvajal M. Genome-wide identification and biological relevance of broccoli aquaporins. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20262. [PMID: 36263901 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is an important crop worldwide, and its regular consumption is associated with health benefits due to the presence of various bioactive compounds. An optimal water balance and homeostasis are needed for plant growth; in this sense, aquaporins play a crucial role. As a result of a genome-wide search, a total of 65 aquaporin genes were identified in broccoli. The aquaporins were classified according to their phylogenetic relationships with other Brassicas species and Arabidopsis thaliana, and evolutionary events of gene duplication were also assessed, highlighting the tendency of NIPs (Nodulin-26-like Intrinsic Proteins) to duplicate. Also, the chromosomal localization, gene duplication, the study of the conserved motifs, and the tertiary structure were determined in broccoli. Functional predictive analyses were also carried out, which, together with the expression analyses in different broccoli plant tissues, allowed the prediction of the biological role of each aquaporin isoform. BoiPIP1-2a and BoiPIP1-2b showed higher expression in all the plant tissues when compared with other aquaporins. BoiTIP1-2b also showed high expression levels and was associated with nitrogen compounds transport such as urea. However, NIPs, through their differential expression and the tandem duplications of the isoforms, were revealed as the putative main actors in the response of broccoli plants to abiotic stress responses. The results of this work pointed to the physiological significance of each aquaporin isoform of broccoli, opening a new field of knowledge and constituting the first step of further in vivo analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Nicolas-Espinosa
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Dep., Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Univ. de Espinardo, Edificio 25, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Dep., Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Univ. de Espinardo, Edificio 25, Murcia, 30100, Spain
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Identification of Functional Genetic Variations Underlying Flooding Tolerance in Brazilian Soybean Genotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810611. [PMID: 36142529 PMCID: PMC9502317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flooding is a frequent environmental stress that reduces soybean (Glycine max) growth and grain yield in many producing areas in the world, such as, e.g., in the United States, Southeast Asia and Southern Brazil. In these regions, soybean is frequently cultivated in lowland areas by rotating with rice (Oryza sativa), which provides numerous technical, economic and environmental benefits. Given these realities, this work aimed to characterize physiological responses, identify genes differentially expressed under flooding stress in Brazilian soybean genotypes with contrasting flooding tolerance, and select SNPs with potential use for marker-assisted selection. Soybean cultivars TECIRGA 6070 (flooding tolerant) and FUNDACEP 62 (flooding sensitive) were grown up to the V6 growth stage and then flooding stress was imposed. Total RNA was extracted from leaves 24 h after the stress was imposed and sequenced. In total, 421 induced and 291 repressed genes were identified in both genotypes. TECIRGA 6070 presented 284 and 460 genes up- and down-regulated, respectively, under flooding conditions. Of those, 100 and 148 genes were exclusively up- and down-regulated, respectively, in the tolerant genotype. Based on the RNA sequencing data, SNPs in differentially expressed genes in response to flooding stress were identified. Finally, 38 SNPs, located in genes with functional annotation for response to abiotic stresses, were found in TECIRGA 6070 and absent in FUNDACEP 62. To validate them, 22 SNPs were selected for designing KASP assays that were used to genotype a panel of 11 contrasting genotypes with known phenotypes. In addition, the phenotypic and grain yield impacts were analyzed in four field experiments using a panel of 166 Brazilian soybean genotypes. Five SNPs possibly related to flooding tolerance in Brazilian soybean genotypes were identified. The information generated from this research will be useful to develop soybean genotypes adapted to poorly drained soils or areas subject to flooding.
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Zhang Y, Fei S, Xu Y, He Y, Zhu Z, Liu Y. The structure, function and expression analysis of the nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein subfamily of plant aquaporins in tomato. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9180. [PMID: 35655083 PMCID: PMC9163140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein (NIP) family belonging to a group of aquaporin proteins is unique to plants. NIPs have a wide of transport activities and are involved in developmental processes and stress tolerance. The well reported Lsi1 and Lsi6 belonging to NIP III were characterized as Si transporters. However, except Lsi1 and Lsi6, most NIPs remain unknown. Here, we identified 43 putative aquaporins in tomato. We found there are 12 NIPs, including 8 NIP I proteins, 3 NIP II proteins, and 1 NIP III protein among the 43 aquaporins. Also, there are two Si efflux transporters SlLsi2-1 and SlLsi2-2 identified by using Lsi2 proteins from other species. By analysing the phylogenetic relationships, conserved residues and expression patterns, we propose that three NIP I members (SlNIP-2, SlNIP-3 and SlNIP-11) may transport water, ammonia, urea, and boric acid, and contribute to pollen development. Three NIP II proteins (SlNIP-7, SlNIP-9 and SlNIP-12) may be boric acid facilitators, and affect plant growth and anther development. Overall, the study provides valuable candidates of Si transporters and other NIP proteins to further explore their roles in uptake and transport for silicon, boron, and other substrates in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shihong Fei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunmin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Beamer ZG, Routray P, Choi WG, Spangler MK, Lokdarshi A, Roberts DM. Aquaporin family lactic acid channel NIP2;1 promotes plant survival under low oxygen stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2262-2278. [PMID: 34890456 PMCID: PMC8644545 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Under anaerobic stress, Arabidopsis thaliana induces the expression of a collection of core hypoxia genes that encode proteins for an adaptive response. Among these genes is NIP2;1, which encodes a member of the "Nodulin 26-like Intrinsic Protein" (NIP) subgroup of the aquaporin superfamily of membrane channel proteins. NIP2;1 expression is limited to the "anoxia core" region of the root stele under normal growth conditions, but shows substantial induction (up to 1,000-fold by 2-4 h of hypoxia) by low oxygen stress, and accumulation in all root tissues. During hypoxia, NIP2;1-GFP accumulates predominantly on the plasma membrane by 2 h, is distributed between the plasma and internal membranes during sustained hypoxia, and remains elevated in root tissues through 4 h of reoxygenation recovery. In response to hypoxia challenge, T-DNA insertion mutant nip2;1 plants exhibit elevated lactic acid within root tissues, reduced efflux of lactic acid, and reduced acidification of the external medium compared to wild-type plants. Previous biochemical evidence demonstrates that NIP2;1 has lactic acid channel activity, and our work supports the hypothesis that NIP2;1 prevents lactic acid toxicity by facilitating release of cellular lactic acid from the cytosol to the apoplast, supporting eventual efflux to the rhizosphere. In evidence, nip2;1 plants demonstrate poorer survival during argon-induced hypoxia stress. Expressions of the ethanolic fermentation transcript Alcohol Dehydrogenase1 and the core hypoxia-induced transcript Alanine Aminotransferase1 are elevated in nip2;1, and expression of the Glycolate Oxidase3 transcript is reduced, suggesting NIP2;1 lactic acid efflux regulates other pyruvate and lactate metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary G Beamer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular, and Molecular Biology, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | | | - Won-Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Margaret K Spangler
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular, and Molecular Biology, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Ansul Lokdarshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular, and Molecular Biology, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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Wang Y, Xiao E, Wu G, Bai Q, Xu F, Ji X, Li C, Li L, Liu J. The roles of selectivity filters in determining aluminum transport by AtNIP1;2. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1991686. [PMID: 34709126 PMCID: PMC9208765 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1991686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are channel proteins involved in transporting a variety of substrates. It has been proposed that the constriction regions in the central pores of the AQP channels play a crucial role in determining transport substrates and activities of AQPs. Our previous results suggest that AtNIP1;2, a member of the AQP superfamily in Arabidopsis, facilitates aluminum transport across the plasma membrane. However, the functions of the constriction regions in AtNIP1;2-mediated transport activities are unclear. This study reports that residue substitutions of the constriction regions affect AtNIP1;2-mediated aluminum uptake, demonstrating the critical roles of the constriction regions for transport activities. Furthermore, a constriction region that partially or wholly mimics AtNIP5;1, a demonstrated boric-acid transporter, could not render the boric-acid transport activity to AtNIP1;2. Therefore, besides the constriction regions, other structural features are also involved in determining the nature of AtNIP1;2's transport activities.Abbreviations: AIAR: alanine-isoleucine-alanine-arginine; AIGR: alanine-isoleucine-glycine- arginine; AQP: aquaporin; Al-Mal: aluminum-malate; ar/R: aromatic/arginine; AVAR: alanine-valine-alanine-arginine; CK: control; H: helical domain; ICP-MS: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; LA - LE: inter-helical loops A to E; NIP: nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein; NPA: asparagine-proline-alanine; NPG: asparagine-proline- glycine; NPS: asparagine-proline-Serine; NPV: asparagine-proline-valine; ORF: open reading frame; PIP: plasma membrane intrinsic proteins; SIP: small basic intrinsic proteins; TM: transmembrane helices; WIAR: tryptophan-isoleucine-alanine-arginine; WVAR: tryptophan-valine-alanine-arginine; WVGR: tryptophan-valine-glycine- arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Enzong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guorong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Bai
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiyue Ji
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chune Li
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, Ny, USA
| | - Jiping Liu
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, Ny, USA
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11
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Lv A, Wen W, Fan N, Su L, Zhou P, An Y. Dehydrin MsDHN1 improves aluminum tolerance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by affecting oxalate exudation from root tips. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:441-458. [PMID: 34363255 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A SK3 -type dehydrin MsDHN1 was cloned from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Its function and gene regulatory pathways were studied via overexpression and suppression of MsDHN1 in alfalfa seedlings or hairy roots. The results showed that MsDHN1 is a typical intrinsically disordered protein that exists in the form of monomers and homodimers in alfalfa. The plant growth rates increased as a result of MsDHN1 overexpression (MsDHN1-OE) and decreased upon MsDHN1 suppression (MsDHN1-RNAi) in seedlings or hairy roots of alfalfa compared with the wild-type or the vector line under Al stress. MsDHN1 interacting with aquaporin (AQP) MsPIP2;1 and MsTIP1;1 positively affected oxalate secretion from root tips and Al accumulation in root tips. MsABF2 was proven to be an upstream transcription factor of MsDHN1 and activated MsDHN1 expression by binding to the ABRE element of the MsDHN1 promoter. The transcriptional regulation of MsABF2 on MsDHN1 was dependent on the abscisic acid signaling pathway. These results indicate that MsDHN1 can increase alfalfa tolerance to Al stress via increasing oxalate secretion from root tips, which may involve in the interaction of MsDHN1 with two AQP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Lv
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wuwu Wen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Nana Fan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liantai Su
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuan An
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201101, China
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12
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Field S, Conner WC, Roberts DM. Arabidopsis CALMODULIN-LIKE 38 Regulates Hypoxia-Induced Autophagy of SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3 Bodies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:722940. [PMID: 34567037 PMCID: PMC8456008 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.722940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
During the energy crisis associated with submergence stress, plants restrict mRNA translation and rapidly accumulate stress granules that act as storage hubs for arrested mRNA complexes. One of the proteins associated with hypoxia-induced stress granules in Arabidopsis thaliana is the calcium-sensor protein CALMODULIN-LIKE 38 (CML38). Here, we show that SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3 (SGS3) is a CML38-binding protein, and that SGS3 and CML38 co-localize within hypoxia-induced RNA stress granule-like structures. Hypoxia-induced SGS3 granules are subject to turnover by autophagy, and this requires both CML38 as well as the AAA+-ATPase CELL DIVISION CYCLE 48A (CDC48A). CML38 also interacts directly with CDC48A, and CML38 recruits CDC48A to CML38 granules in planta. Together, this work demonstrates that SGS3 associates with stress granule-like structures during hypoxia stress that are subject to degradation by CML38 and CDC48-dependent autophagy. Further, the work identifies direct regulatory targets for the hypoxia calcium-sensor CML38, and suggest that CML38 association with stress granules and associated regulation of autophagy may be part of the RNA regulatory program during hypoxia stress.
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13
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Ponnu J. Surviving hypoxia: aquaporin-like protein NIP2;1 mediates lactic acid transport. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1767-1769. [PMID: 34618117 PMCID: PMC8331126 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jathish Ponnu
- AG Hoecker, Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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14
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Plant Uptake of Lactate-Bound Metals: A Sustainable Alternative to Metal Chlorides. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081085. [PMID: 34439752 PMCID: PMC8391765 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Global agricultural intensification has prompted investigations into biostimulants to enhance plant nutrition and soil ecosystem processes. Metal lactates are an understudied class of organic micronutrient supplement that provide both a labile carbon source and mineral nutrition for plant and microbial growth. To gain a fundamental understanding of plant responses to metal lactates, we employed a series of sterile culture-vessel experiments to compare the uptake and toxicity of five metals (Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Co) supplied in lactate and chloride salt form. Additionally, primary root growth in plate-grown Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings was used to determine optimal concentrations of each metal lactate. Our results suggest that uptake and utilization of metals in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) when supplied in lactate form is comparable to that of metal chlorides. Metal lactates also have promotional growth effects on A. thaliana seedlings with optimal concentrations identified for Zn (0.5–1.0 µM), Mn (0.5–1.0 µM), Cu (0.5 µM), Ni (1.0 µM), and Co (0.5 µM) lactate. These findings present foundational evidence to support the use of metal lactates as potential crop biostimulants due to their ability to both supply nutrients and stimulate plant growth.
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15
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Israel D, Khan S, Warren CR, Zwiazek JJ, Robson TM. The contribution of PIP2-type aquaporins to photosynthetic response to increased vapour pressure deficit. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5066-5078. [PMID: 33928350 PMCID: PMC8219038 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The roles of different plasma membrane aquaporins (PIPs) in leaf-level gas exchange of Arabidopsis thaliana were examined using knockout mutants. Since multiple Arabidopsis PIPs are implicated in CO2 transport across cell membranes, we focused on identifying the effects of the knockout mutations on photosynthesis, and whether they are mediated through the control of stomatal conductance of water vapour (gs), mesophyll conductance of CO2 (gm), or both. We grew Arabidopsis plants in low and high humidity environments and found that the contribution of PIPs to gs was larger under low air humidity when the evaporative demand was high, whereas any effect of a lack of PIP function was minimal under higher humidity. The pip2;4 knockout mutant had 44% higher gs than wild-type plants under low humidity, which in turn resulted in an increased net photosynthetic rate (Anet). We also observed a 23% increase in whole-plant transpiration (E) for this knockout mutant. The lack of functional plasma membrane aquaporin AtPIP2;5 did not affect gs or E, but resulted in homeostasis of gm despite changes in humidity, indicating a possible role in regulating CO2 membrane permeability. CO2 transport measurements in yeast expressing AtPIP2;5 confirmed that this aquaporin is indeed permeable to CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Israel
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shanjida Khan
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Charles R Warren
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Janusz J Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - T Matthew Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Tyerman SD, McGaughey SA, Qiu J, Yool AJ, Byrt CS. Adaptable and Multifunctional Ion-Conducting Aquaporins. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:703-736. [PMID: 33577345 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-081720-013608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins function as water and neutral solute channels, signaling hubs, disease virulence factors, and metabolon components. We consider plant aquaporins that transport ions compared to some animal counterparts. These are candidates for important, as yet unidentified, cation and anion channels in plasma, tonoplast, and symbiotic membranes. For those individual isoforms that transport ions, water, and gases, the permeability spans 12 orders of magnitude. This requires tight regulation of selectivity via protein interactions and posttranslational modifications. A phosphorylation-dependent switch between ion and water permeation in AtPIP2;1 might be explained by coupling between the gates of the four monomer water channels and the central pore of the tetramer. We consider the potential for coupling between ion and water fluxes that could form the basis of an electroosmotic transducer. A grand challenge in understanding the roles of ion transporting aquaporins is their multifunctional modes that are dependent on location, stress, time, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Tyerman
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; ,
| | - Samantha A McGaughey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia; ,
| | - Jiaen Qiu
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; ,
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia;
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia; ,
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17
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Gomez-Zepeda D, Frausto M, Nájera-González HR, Herrera-Estrella L, Ordaz-Ortiz JJ. Mass spectrometry-based quantification and spatial localization of small organic acid exudates in plant roots under phosphorus deficiency and aluminum toxicity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1791-1806. [PMID: 33797826 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight organic acid (OA) extrusion by plant roots is critical for plant nutrition, tolerance to cations toxicity, and plant-microbe interactions. Therefore, methodologies for the rapid and precise quantification of OAs are necessary to be incorporated in the analysis of roots and their exudates. The spatial location of root exudates is also important to understand the molecular mechanisms directing OA production and release into the rhizosphere. Here, we report the development of two complementary methodologies for OA determination, which were employed to evaluate the effect of inorganic ortho-phosphate (Pi) deficiency and aluminum toxicity on OA excretion by Arabidopsis roots. OA exudation by roots is considered a core response to different types of abiotic stress and for the interaction of roots with soil microbes, and for decades has been a target trait to produce plant varieties with increased capacities of Pi uptake and Al tolerance. Using targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS/MS), we achieved the quantification of six OAs in root exudates at sub-micromolar detection limits with an analysis time of less than 5 min per sample. We also employed targeted (MS/MS) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to detect the spatial location of citric and malic acid with high specificity in roots and exudates. Using these methods, we studied OA exudation in response to Al toxicity and Pi deficiency in Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing genes involved in OA excretion. Finally, we show the transferability of the MALDI-MSI method by analyzing OA excretion in Marchantia polymorpha gemmalings subjected to Pi deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gomez-Zepeda
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, 36824, Mexico
| | - Moises Frausto
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, 36824, Mexico
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Héctor-Rogelio Nájera-González
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, 36824, Mexico
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, 36824, Mexico
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - José-Juan Ordaz-Ortiz
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, 36824, Mexico
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18
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Tan X, Liu M, Du N, Zwiazek JJ. Ethylene enhances root water transport and aquaporin expression in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) exposed to root hypoxia. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:227. [PMID: 34020594 PMCID: PMC8140438 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root hypoxia has detrimental effects on physiological processes and growth in most plants. The effects of hypoxia can be partly alleviated by ethylene. However, the tolerance mechanisms contributing to the ethylene-mediated hypoxia tolerance in plants remain poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, we examined the effects of root hypoxia and exogenous ethylene treatments on leaf gas exchange, root hydraulic conductance, and the expression levels of several aquaporins of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein group (PIP) in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings. Ethylene enhanced net photosynthetic rates, transpiration rates, and root hydraulic conductance in hypoxic plants. Of the two subgroups of PIPs (PIP1 and PIP2), the protein abundance of PIP2s and the transcript abundance of PIP2;4 and PIP2;5 were higher in ethylene-treated trembling aspen roots compared with non-treated roots under hypoxia. The increases in the expression levels of these aquaporins could potentially facilitate root water transport. The enhanced root water transport by ethylene was likely responsible for the increase in leaf gas exchange of the hypoxic plants. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous ethylene enhanced root water transport and the expression levels of PIP2;4 and PIP2;5 in hypoxic roots of trembling aspen. The results suggest that ethylene facilitates the aquaporin-mediated water transport in plants exposed to root hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Tan
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, AB, T6G 2E3, Edmonton, Canada
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, AB, T6G 2E3, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ning Du
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Janusz J Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, AB, T6G 2E3, Edmonton, Canada.
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19
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Schmidt JDR, Walloch P, Höger B, Beitz E. Aquaporins with lactate/lactic acid permeability at physiological pH conditions. Biochimie 2021; 188:7-11. [PMID: 33577940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The spectrum of putative and experimentally shown permeants of cellular water and solute channels of the ubiquitous aquaporin family is still increasing. Virtually all AQP substrates, e.g. water, glycerol, urea, hydrogen peroxide, or carbon dioxide, are permanently neutral small molecule compounds. Several reports, however, describe aquaporins that exhibit lactate permeability. Lactate in aqueous solution undergoes a pH-dependent protonation equilibrium with neutral lactic acid, which likely represents the actual substrate form passing the aquaporin channel. Certain aquaporins, however, appear to be better geared for lactate/lactic acid permeability even at low proton availability. Here, we discuss the structural properties of such aquaporins and compare them to the microbial protein family of the formate-nitrite (lactate) transporters that assume the aquaporin fold despite unrelated protein sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana D R Schmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Walloch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bastian Höger
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eric Beitz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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20
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Hammarlund EU, Flashman E, Mohlin S, Licausi F. Oxygen-sensing mechanisms across eukaryotic kingdoms and their roles in complex multicellularity. Science 2020; 370:370/6515/eaba3512. [PMID: 33093080 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-sensing mechanisms of eukaryotic multicellular organisms coordinate hypoxic cellular responses in a spatiotemporal manner. Although this capacity partly allows animals and plants to acutely adapt to oxygen deprivation, its functional and historical roots in hypoxia emphasize a broader evolutionary role. For multicellular life-forms that persist in settings with variable oxygen concentrations, the capacity to perceive and modulate responses in and between cells is pivotal. Animals and higher plants represent the most complex life-forms that ever diversified on Earth, and their oxygen-sensing mechanisms demonstrate convergent evolution from a functional perspective. Exploring oxygen-sensing mechanisms across eukaryotic kingdoms can inform us on biological innovations to harness ever-changing oxygen availability at the dawn of complex life and its utilization for their organismal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma U Hammarlund
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, 223 81 Lund, Sweden. .,Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.,Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Emily Flashman
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Sofie Mohlin
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, 223 81 Lund, Sweden.,Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Francesco Licausi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK. .,PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore, Sant'Anna, 56124 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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21
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Lopez-Zaplana A, Nicolas-Espinosa J, Carvajal M, Bárzana G. Genome-wide analysis of the aquaporin genes in melon (Cucumis melo L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:22240. [PMID: 33335220 PMCID: PMC7747737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79250-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a very important crop throughout the world and has great economic importance, in part due to its nutritional properties. It prefers well-drained soil with low acidity and has a strong demand for water during fruit set. Therefore, a correct water balance—involving aquaporins—is necessary to maintain the plants in optimal condition. This manuscript describes the identification and comparative analysis of the complete set of aquaporins in melon. 31 aquaporin genes were identified, classified and analysed according to the evolutionary relationship of melon with related plant species. The individual role of each aquaporin in the transport of water, ions and small molecules was discussed. Finally, qPCR revealed that almost all melon aquaporins in roots and leaves were constitutively expressed. However, the high variations in expression among them point to different roles in water and solute transport, providing important features as that CmPIP1;1 is the predominant isoform and CmTIP1;1 is revealed as the most important osmoregulator in the tonoplast under optimal conditions. The results of this work pointing to the physiological importance of each individual aquaporin of melon opening a field of knowledge that deserves to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Lopez-Zaplana
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología Y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Nicolas-Espinosa
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología Y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología Y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gloria Bárzana
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología Y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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22
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Gómez-Merino FC, Trejo-Téllez LI, García-Jiménez A, Escobar-Sepúlveda HF, Ramírez-Olvera SM. Silicon flow from root to shoot in pepper: a comprehensive in silico analysis reveals a potential linkage between gene expression and hormone signaling that stimulates plant growth and metabolism. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10053. [PMID: 33194376 PMCID: PMC7648454 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silicon (Si) is categorized as a quasi-essential element for plants thanks to the benefits on growth, development and metabolism in a hormetic manner. Si uptake is cooperatively mediated by Lsi1 and Lsi2. Nevertheless, Lsi channels have not yet been identified and characterized in pepper (Capsicum annuum), while genes involved in major physiological processes in pepper are Si-regulated. Furthermore, Si and phytohormones may act together in regulating plant growth, metabolism and tolerance against stress. Our aim was to identify potential synergies between Si and phytohormones stimulating growth and metabolism in pepper, based on in silico data. Methods We established a hydroponic system to test the effect of Si (0, 60, 125 and 250 mg L−1 Si) on the concentrations of this element in different pepper plant tissues. We also performed an in silico analysis of putative Lsi genes from pepper and other species, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Arabidopsis thaliana, to look for cis-acting elements responsive to phytohormones in their promoter regions. With the Lsi1 and Lsi2 protein sequences from various plant species, we performed a phylogenetic analysis. Taking into consideration the Lsi genes retrieved from tomato, potato and Arabidopsis, an expression profiling analysis in different plant tissues was carried out. Expression of Si-regulated genes was also analyzed in response to phytohormones and different plant tissues and developmental stages in Arabidopsis. Results Si concentrations in plant tissues exhibited the following gradient: roots > stems > leaves. We were able to identify 16 Lsi1 and three Lsi2 genes in silico in the pepper genome, while putative Lsi homologs were also found in other plant species. They were mainly expressed in root tissues in the genomes analyzed. Both Lsi and Si-regulated genes displayed cis-acting elements responsive to diverse phytohormones. In Arabidopsis, Si-regulated genes were transcriptionally active in most tissues analyzed, though at different expressed levels. From the set of Si-responsive genes, the NOCS2 gene was highly expressed in germinated seeds, whereas RABH1B, and RBCS-1A, were moderately expressed in developed flowers. All genes analyzed showed responsiveness to phytohormones and phytohormone precursors. Conclusion Pepper root cells are capable of absorbing Si, but small amounts of this element are transported to the upper parts of the plant. We could identify putative Si influx (Lsi1) and efflux (Lsi2) channels that potentially participate in the absorption and transport of Si, since they are mainly expressed in roots. Both Lsi and Si-regulated genes exhibit cis-regulatory elements in their promoter regions, which are involved in phytohormone responses, pointing to a potential connection among Si, phytohormones, plant growth, and other vital physiological processes triggered by Si in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Atonaltzin García-Jiménez
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
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23
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Gaur S, Kumar J, Kumar D, Chauhan DK, Prasad SM, Srivastava PK. Fascinating impact of silicon and silicon transporters in plants: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110885. [PMID: 32650140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is a metalloid which is gaining worldwide attention of plant scientists due to its ameliorating impact on plants' growth and development. The beneficial response of Si is observed predominantly under numerous abiotic and biotic stress conditions. However, under favorable conditions, most of the plant can grow without it. Therefore, Si has yet not been fully accepted as essential element rather it is being considered as quasi-essential for plants' growth. Si is also known to enhance resilience in plants by reducing the plant's stress. Besides its second most abundance on the earth crust, most of the soils lack plant available form of Si i.e. silicic acid. In this regard, understanding the role of Si in plant metabolism, its uptake from roots and transport to aerial tissues along with its ionomics and proteomics under different circumstances is of great concern. Plants have evolved a well-optimized Si-transport system including various transporter proteins like Low silicon1 (Lsi1), Low silicon2 (Lsi2), Low silicon3 (Lsi3) and Low silicon6 (Lsi6) at specific sub-cellular locations along with the expression profiling that creates precisely coordinated network among these transporters, which also facilitate uptake and accumulation of Si. Though, an ample amount of information is available pertinent to the solute specificity, active sites, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of these transporter genes. Similarly, the information regarding transporters involved in Si accumulation in different organelles is also available particularly in silica cells occurred in poales. But in this review, we have attempted to compile studies related to plants vis à vis Si, its role in abiotic and biotic stress, its uptake in various parts of plants via different types of Si-transporters, expression pattern, localization and the solute specificity. Besides these, this review will also provide the compiled knowledge about the genetic variation among crop plants vis à vis enhanced Si uptake and related benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Gaur
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India.
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India; Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. Shakuntla Misra National Rehabilitation University, Mohaan Road, Lucknow, U.P, 226017, India.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India.
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India.
| | - Prabhat Kumar Srivastava
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India; Department of Botany, KS Saket PG College, Ayodhya U.P, 224123., India.
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Faize M, Fumanal B, Luque F, Ramírez-Tejero JA, Zou Z, Qiao X, Faize L, Gousset-Dupont A, Roeckel-Drevet P, Label P, Venisse JS. Genome Wild Analysis and Molecular Understanding of the Aquaporin Diversity in Olive Trees ( Olea Europaea L.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4183. [PMID: 32545387 PMCID: PMC7312470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular aquaporin water channels (AQPs) constitute a large family of transmembrane proteins present throughout all kingdoms of life, playing important roles in the uptake of water and many solutes across the membranes. In olive trees, AQP diversity, protein features and their biological functions are still largely unknown. This study focuses on the structure and functional and evolution diversity of AQP subfamilies in two olive trees, the wild species Olea europaea var. sylvestris (OeuAQPs) and the domesticated species Olea europaea cv. Picual (OleurAQPs), and describes their involvement in different physiological processes of early plantlet development and in biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in the domesticated species. A scan of genomes from the wild and domesticated olive species revealed the presence of 52 and 79 genes encoding full-length AQP sequences, respectively. Cross-genera phylogenetic analysis with orthologous clustered OleaAQPs into five established subfamilies: PIP, TIP, NIP, SIP, and XIP. Subsequently, gene structures, protein motifs, substrate specificities and cellular localizations of the full length OleaAQPs were predicted. Functional prediction based on the NPA motif, ar/R selectivity filter, Froger's and specificity-determining positions suggested differences in substrate specificities of Olea AQPs. Expression analysis of the OleurAQP genes indicates that some genes are tissue-specific, whereas few others show differential expressions at different developmental stages and in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The current study presents the first detailed genome-wide analysis of the AQP gene family in olive trees and it provides valuable information for further functional analysis to infer the role of AQP in the adaptation of olive trees in diverse environmental conditions in order to help the genetic improvement of domesticated olive trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Faize
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - Boris Fumanal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (B.F.); (A.G.-D.); (P.R.-D.); (P.L.)
| | - Francisco Luque
- Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (F.L.); (J.A.R.-T.)
| | - Jorge A. Ramírez-Tejero
- Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (F.L.); (J.A.R.-T.)
| | - Zhi Zou
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xueying Qiao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Lydia Faize
- Group of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, Department of Plant Breeding, Murcia University, CEBAS CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Aurélie Gousset-Dupont
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (B.F.); (A.G.-D.); (P.R.-D.); (P.L.)
| | - Patricia Roeckel-Drevet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (B.F.); (A.G.-D.); (P.R.-D.); (P.L.)
| | - Philippe Label
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (B.F.); (A.G.-D.); (P.R.-D.); (P.L.)
| | - Jean-Stéphane Venisse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (B.F.); (A.G.-D.); (P.R.-D.); (P.L.)
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De Rosa A, Watson-Lazowski A, Evans JR, Groszmann M. Genome-wide identification and characterisation of Aquaporins in Nicotiana tabacum and their relationships with other Solanaceae species. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:266. [PMID: 32517797 PMCID: PMC7285608 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular membranes are dynamic structures, continuously adjusting their composition, allowing plants to respond to developmental signals, stresses, and changing environments. To facilitate transmembrane transport of substrates, plant membranes are embedded with both active and passive transporters. Aquaporins (AQPs) constitute a major family of membrane spanning channel proteins that selectively facilitate the passive bidirectional passage of substrates across biological membranes at an astonishing 108 molecules per second. AQPs are the most diversified in the plant kingdom, comprising of five major subfamilies that differ in temporal and spatial gene expression, subcellular protein localisation, substrate specificity, and post-translational regulatory mechanisms; collectively providing a dynamic transportation network spanning the entire plant. Plant AQPs can transport a range of solutes essential for numerous plant processes including, water relations, growth and development, stress responses, root nutrient uptake, and photosynthesis. The ability to manipulate AQPs towards improving plant productivity, is reliant on expanding our insight into the diversity and functional roles of AQPs. RESULTS We characterised the AQP family from Nicotiana tabacum (NtAQPs; tobacco), a popular model system capable of scaling from the laboratory to the field. Tobacco is closely related to major economic crops (e.g. tomato, potato, eggplant and peppers) and itself has new commercial applications. Tobacco harbours 76 AQPs making it the second largest characterised AQP family. These fall into five distinct subfamilies, for which we characterised phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, protein sequences, selectivity filter compositions, sub-cellular localisation, and tissue-specific expression. We also identified the AQPs from tobacco's parental genomes (N. sylvestris and N. tomentosiformis), allowing us to characterise the evolutionary history of the NtAQP family. Assigning orthology to tomato and potato AQPs allowed for cross-species comparisons of conservation in protein structures, gene expression, and potential physiological roles. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive characterisation of the tobacco AQP family, and strengthens the current knowledge of AQP biology. The refined gene/protein models, tissue-specific expression analysis, and cross-species comparisons, provide valuable insight into the evolutionary history and likely physiological roles of NtAQPs and their Solanaceae orthologs. Collectively, these results will support future functional studies and help transfer basic research to applied agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria De Rosa
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Alexander Watson-Lazowski
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Michael Groszmann
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, 2601, Australia.
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Nakamura M, Noguchi K. Tolerant mechanisms to O 2 deficiency under submergence conditions in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:343-371. [PMID: 32185673 PMCID: PMC7214491 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetland plants can tolerate long-term strict hypoxia and anoxic conditions and the subsequent re-oxidative stress compared to terrestrial plants. During O2 deficiency, both wetland and terrestrial plants use NAD(P)+ and ATP that are produced during ethanol fermentation, sucrose degradation, and major amino acid metabolisms. The oxidation of NADH by non-phosphorylating pathways in the mitochondrial respiratory chain is common in both terrestrial and wetland plants. As the wetland plants enhance and combine these traits especially in their roots, they can survive under long-term hypoxic and anoxic stresses. Wetland plants show two contrasting strategies, low O2 escape and low O2 quiescence strategies (LOES and LOQS, respectively). Differences between two strategies are ascribed to the different signaling networks related to phytohormones. During O2 deficiency, LOES-type plants show several unique traits such as shoot elongation, aerenchyma formation and leaf acclimation, whereas the LOQS-type plants cease their growth and save carbohydrate reserves. Many wetland plants utilize NH4+ as the nitrogen (N) source without NH4+-dependent respiratory increase, leading to efficient respiratory O2 consumption in roots. In contrast, some wetland plants with high O2 supply system efficiently use NO3- from the soil where nitrification occurs. The differences in the N utilization strategies relate to the different systems of anaerobic ATP production, the NO2--driven ATP production and fermentation. The different N utilization strategies are functionally related to the hypoxia or anoxia tolerance in the wetland plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoka Nakamura
- Department of Bio-Production, Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan.
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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David R, Byrt CS, Tyerman SD, Gilliham M, Wege S. Roles of membrane transporters: connecting the dots from sequence to phenotype. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:201-208. [PMID: 31162525 PMCID: PMC6758574 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant membrane transporters are involved in diverse cellular processes underpinning plant physiology, such as nutrient acquisition, hormone movement, resource allocation, exclusion or sequestration of various solutes from cells and tissues, and environmental and developmental signalling. A comprehensive characterization of transporter function is therefore key to understanding and improving plant performance. SCOPE AND CONCLUSIONS In this review, we focus on the complexities involved in characterizing transporter function and the impact that this has on current genomic annotations. Specific examples are provided that demonstrate why sequence homology alone cannot be relied upon to annotate and classify transporter function, and to show how even single amino acid residue variations can influence transporter activity and specificity. Misleading nomenclature of transporters is often a source of confusion in transporter characterization, especially for people new to or outside the field. Here, to aid researchers dealing with interpretation of large data sets that include transporter proteins, we provide examples of transporters that have been assigned names that misrepresent their cellular functions. Finally, we discuss the challenges in connecting transporter function at the molecular level with physiological data, and propose a solution through the creation of new databases. Further fundamental in-depth research on specific transport (and other) proteins is still required; without it, significant deficiencies in large-scale data sets and systems biology approaches will persist. Reliable characterization of transporter function requires integration of data at multiple levels, from amino acid residue sequence annotation to more in-depth biochemical, structural and physiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh David
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Stefanie Wege
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Qian W, Yang X, Li J, Luo R, Yan X, Pang Q. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of aquaporins in salt cress ( Eutrema salsugineum). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7664. [PMID: 31565576 PMCID: PMC6745184 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) serve as water channel proteins and belong to major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) family, functioning in rapidly and selectively transporting water and other small solutes across biological membranes. Importantly, AQPs have been shown to play a critical role in abiotic stress response pathways of plants. As a species closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana, Eutrema salsugineum has been proposed as a model for studying salt resistance in plants. Here we surveyed 35 full-length AQP genes in E. salsugineum, which could be grouped into four subfamilies including 12 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), 11 tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), nine NOD-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), and three small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs) by phylogenetic analysis. EsAQPs were comprised of 237-323 amino acids, with a theoretical molecular weight (MW) of 24.31-31.80 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) value of 4.73-10.49. Functional prediction based on the NPA motif, aromatic/arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter, Froger's position and specificity-determining position suggested quite differences in substrate specificities of EsAQPs. EsAQPs exhibited global expressions in all organs as shown by gene expression profiles and should be play important roles in response to salt, cold and drought stresses. This study provides comprehensive bioinformation on AQPs in E. salsugineum, which would be helpful for gene function analysis for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Qian
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Luo
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuying Pang
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Tan X, Zwiazek JJ. Stable expression of aquaporins and hypoxia-responsive genes in adventitious roots are linked to maintaining hydraulic conductance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) exposed to root hypoxia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212059. [PMID: 30730995 PMCID: PMC6366753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of adventitious roots in plants is a common response to hypoxia caused by flooding. In tobacco, after one week of root hypoxia treatment, plants produced twice as many adventitious roots as the aerated plants, but their maximum length was reduced. Hypoxia severely reduced net photosynthesis, transpiration rates, and photosynthetic light responses. Relative transcript abundance of the examined aquaporins in lateral roots was reduced by hypoxia, but in adventitious roots it remained unchanged. This apparent lack of an effect of root hypoxia on the aquaporin expression likely contributed to maintenance of high hydraulic conductance in adventitious roots. Lateral roots had lower porosity compared with adventitious roots and the expression of the ACS (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) gene was induced in hypoxic lateral roots, but not in adventitious roots, providing additional evidence that lateral roots were more affected by hypoxia compared with adventitious roots. ATP concentrations were markedly lower in both hypoxic lateral and adventitious roots compared with aerated roots, while the expression of fermentation-related genes, ADH1 (alcohol dehydrogenase 1) and PDC1 (pyruvate decarboxylase 1), was higher in lateral roots compared with adventitious roots. Since root porosity was greater in adventitious compared with lateral roots, the results suggest that the improved O2 delivery and stable root aquaporin expression in adventitious roots were likely the key factors helping flooded tobacco plants maintain high rates of root hydraulic conductance and, consequently, shoot gas exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Tan
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janusz J. Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Lim SD, Kim SH, Gilroy S, Cushman JC, Choi WG. Quantitative ROS bioreporters: A robust toolkit for studying biological roles of ROS in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:356-368. [PMID: 30411793 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through spontaneous generation or as the by-products of aerobic metabolism can be toxic to plants, recent findings demonstrate that ROS act as signaling molecules that play a critical role in adapting to various stress conditions. Tight regulation of ROS homeostasis is required to adapt to stress and survive, yet in vivo spatiotemporal information of ROS dynamics are still largely undefined. In order to understand the dynamics of ROS changes and their biological function in adapting to stresses, two quantitative ROS transcription-based bioreporters were developed. These reporters use ROS-responsive promoters from RBOHD or ZAT12 to drive green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression. The resulting GFP expression is compared to a constitutively expressed mCherry that is contained on the same cassette with the ROS-responsive promoter: This allows for the generation of ratiometric images comparing ROS changes (GFP) to the constitutively expressed mCherry. Both reporters were used to assess ROS levels to oxidative stress, salt stress, and the pathogen defense elicitor flg22. These bioreporters showed increases in the ratio values of GFP to mCherry signals between 10 and 30 min poststress application. Such stress-associated ROS signals correlated with the induction of abiotic/biotic stress responsive markers such as RbohD, ZAT12, SOS2 and PR5 suggesting these ROS bioreporters provide a robust indicator of increased ROS related to stress responses. Based upon the spatiotemporal response patterns of signal increase, ZAT12 promoter-dependent ROS (Zat12p-ROS) bioreporter appears to be suitable for cellular mapping of ROS changes in response to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung D Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Su-Hwa Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Won-Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
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Mans R, Hassing EJ, Wijsman M, Giezekamp A, Pronk JT, Daran JM, van Maris AJA. A CRISPR/Cas9-based exploration into the elusive mechanism for lactate export in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 17:4628041. [PMID: 29145596 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing allows rapid, simultaneous modification of multiple genetic loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, this technique was used in a functional analysis study aimed at identifying the hitherto unknown mechanism of lactate export in this yeast. First, an S. cerevisiae strain was constructed with deletions in 25 genes encoding transport proteins, including the complete aqua(glycero)porin family and all known carboxylic acid transporters. The 25-deletion strain was then transformed with an expression cassette for Lactobacillus casei lactate dehydrogenase (LcLDH). In anaerobic, glucose-grown batch cultures this strain exhibited a lower specific growth rate (0.15 vs. 0.25 h-1) and biomass-specific lactate production rate (0.7 vs. 2.4 mmol g biomass-1 h-1) than an LcLDH-expressing reference strain. However, a comparison of the two strains in anaerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultures (dilution rate 0.10 h-1) showed identical lactate production rates. These results indicate that, although deletion of the 25 transporter genes affected the maximum specific growth rate, it did not impact lactate export rates when analysed at a fixed specific growth rate. The 25-deletion strain provides a first step towards a 'minimal transportome' yeast platform, which can be applied for functional analysis of specific (heterologous) transport proteins as well as for evaluation of metabolic engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mans
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Else-Jasmijn Hassing
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Wijsman
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Annabel Giezekamp
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jack T Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Marc Daran
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius J A van Maris
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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Choi WG, Barker RJ, Kim SH, Swanson SJ, Gilroy S. Variation in the transcriptome of different ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana reveals signatures of oxidative stress in plant responses to spaceflight. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:123-136. [PMID: 30644539 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Spaceflight provides a unique environment in which to dissect plant stress response behaviors and to reveal potentially novel pathways triggered in space. We therefore analyzed the transcriptomes of Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown on board the International Space Station to find the molecular fingerprints of these space-related response networks. METHODS Four ecotypes (Col-0, Ws-2, Ler-0 and Cvi-0) were grown on orbit and then their patterns of transcript abundance compared to ground-based controls using RNA sequencing. KEY RESULTS Transcripts from heat-shock proteins were upregulated in all ecotypes in spaceflight, whereas peroxidase transcripts were downregulated. Among the shared and ecotype-specific changes, gene classes related to oxidative stress and hypoxia were detected. These spaceflight transcriptional response signatures could be partly mimicked on Earth by a low oxygen environment and more fully by oxidative stress (H2 O2 ) treatments. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the spaceflight environment is associated with oxidative stress potentially triggered, in part, by hypoxic response. Further, a shared spaceflight response may be through the induction of molecular chaperones (such as heat shock proteins) that help protect cellular machinery from the effects of oxidative damage. In addition, this research emphasizes the importance of considering the effects of natural variation when designing and interpreting changes associated with spaceflight experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada-Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Richard J Barker
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Su-Hwa Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada-Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sarah J Swanson
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Uzcátegui NL, Figarella K, Segnini A, Marsiccobetre S, Lang F, Beitz E, Rodríguez-Acosta A, Bertl A. Trypanosoma brucei aquaglyceroporins mediate the transport of metabolic end-products: Methylglyoxal, D-lactate, L-lactate and acetate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2252-2261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Toyota M, Spencer D, Sawai-Toyota S, Jiaqi W, Zhang T, Koo AJ, Howe GA, Gilroy S. Glutamate triggers long-distance, calcium-based plant defense signaling. Science 2018; 361:1112-1115. [PMID: 30213912 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat7744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animals require rapid, long-range molecular signaling networks to integrate sensing and response throughout their bodies. The amino acid glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system, facilitating long-range information exchange via activation of glutamate receptor channels. Similarly, plants sense local signals, such as herbivore attack, and transmit this information throughout the plant body to rapidly activate defense responses in undamaged parts. Here we show that glutamate is a wound signal in plants. Ion channels of the GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE family act as sensors that convert this signal into an increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration that propagates to distant organs, where defense responses are then induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsugu Toyota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan. .,Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53593, USA.,JST, PRESTO, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Dirk Spencer
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53593, USA
| | | | - Wang Jiaqi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Abraham J Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gregg A Howe
- Department of Energy-PRL, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53593, USA.
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Frare R, Ayub N, Alleva K, Soto G. The Ammonium Channel NOD26 is the Evolutionary Innovation that Drives the Emergence, Consolidation, and Dissemination of Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosis in Angiosperms. J Mol Evol 2018; 86:554-565. [DOI: 10.1007/s00239-018-9867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mateluna P, Salvatierra A, Solis S, Nuñez G, Pimentel P. Involvement of aquaporin NIP1;1 in the contrasting tolerance response to root hypoxia in Prunus rootstocks. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 228:19-28. [PMID: 29842998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Prunus species have been classified as moderately sensitive to root hypoxia, but with a certain intrageneric tolerance degree to oxygen deficiency. Previously, RNA-seq analysis described the transcriptomic reconfiguration of two Prunus rootstocks contrasting to root hypoxia, which included the shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Here, we studied the relationship between lactate accumulation and the functionality of an aquaporin differentially expressed in 'Mariana 2624', a plum-based (Prunus cerasifera x Prunus munsoniana) rootstock tolerant to root hypoxia stress, and 'Mazzard F12/1', a cherry-based (Prunus avium) rootstock sensitive to root hypoxia stress. In the root hypoxia-sensitive rootstock, higher levels of lactate and LDH1 gene expression were found in roots exposed to oxygen deprivation. Concomitantly, we detected an increase in the mRNA abundance of Prunus spp. NIP1;1, a putative lactic acid transporter. Intriguingly, the high expression of PruavNIP1;1 is not linked to a lower lactic acid content in the roots of 'Mazzard F12/1'. To study this phenomenon, we calculated the force required for the transit of a lactic acid molecule through Prunus spp. NIP1;1 channels. Comparing the calculated forces, we identified steric hindrances in PruavNIP1;1 given by the residues Phe107 and Trp88 in the NPA region and ar/R filter, respectively. The functionality of both channels was corroborated by the restoration of the lactic acid transport and the differential lactic acid sensitive-phenotypes of the yeast strain Δjen1 complemented with PruavNIP1;1 and PrucxmNIP1;1. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in determining hypoxia tolerance between closely related species, such as plum and cherry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Mateluna
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo, 2940000 Chile
| | - Ariel Salvatierra
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo, 2940000 Chile
| | - Simón Solis
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo, 2940000 Chile
| | - Gabriel Nuñez
- Escuela de Ingeniería Civil en Bioinformática, Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
| | - Paula Pimentel
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo, 2940000 Chile.
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Tan X, Xu H, Khan S, Equiza MA, Lee SH, Vaziriyeganeh M, Zwiazek JJ. Plant water transport and aquaporins in oxygen-deprived environments. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 227:20-30. [PMID: 29779706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation commonly affects plants exposed to flooding and soil compaction. The resulting root hypoxia has an immediate effect on plant water relations and upsets water balance. Hypoxia inhibits root water transport and triggers stomatal closure. The processes contributing to the inhibition of root hydraulic conductivity and conductance (hydraulic conductivity of the whole root system) are complex and involve changes in root morphology and the functions of aquaporins. Aquaporins (AQPs) comprise a group of membrane intrinsic proteins that are responsible for the transport of water, as well as some small neutral solutes and ions. They respond to a wide range of environmental stresses including O2 deprivation, but the underlying functional mechanisms are still elusive. The aquaporin-mediated water transport is affected by the acidification of the cytoplasm and depletion of ATP that is required for aquaporin phosphorylation and membrane functions. Cytoplasmic pH, phosphorylation, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration directly control AQP gating, all of which are related to O2 deprivation. This review addresses the structural determinants that are essential for pore conformational changes in AQPs, to highlight the underlying mechanisms triggered by O2 deprivation stress. Gene expression of AQPs is modified in hypoxic plants, which may constitute an important, yet little explored, mechanism of hypoxia tolerance. In addition to water transport, AQPs may contribute to hypoxia tolerance by transporting O2, H2O2, and lactic acid. Responses of plants to O2 deprivation, and especially those that contribute to maintenance of water transport, are highly complex and entail the signals originating in roots and shoots that lead to and follow the stomatal closure. These complex responses may involve ethylene, abscisic acid, and possibly other hormonal factors and signaling molecules in ways that remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Tan
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Hao Xu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Shanjida Khan
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Maria A Equiza
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Seong H Lee
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Maryamsadat Vaziriyeganeh
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Janusz J Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada.
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Laloux T, Junqueira B, Maistriaux LC, Ahmed J, Jurkiewicz A, Chaumont F. Plant and Mammal Aquaporins: Same but Different. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E521. [PMID: 29419811 PMCID: PMC5855743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) constitute an ancient and diverse protein family present in all living organisms, indicating a common ancient ancestor. However, during evolution, these organisms appear and evolve differently, leading to different cell organizations and physiological processes. Amongst the eukaryotes, an important distinction between plants and animals is evident, the most conspicuous difference being that plants are sessile organisms facing ever-changing environmental conditions. In addition, plants are mostly autotrophic, being able to synthesize carbohydrates molecules from the carbon dioxide in the air during the process of photosynthesis, using sunlight as an energy source. It is therefore interesting to analyze how, in these different contexts specific to both kingdoms of life, AQP function and regulation evolved. This review aims at highlighting similarities and differences between plant and mammal AQPs. Emphasis is given to the comparison of isoform numbers, their substrate selectivity, the regulation of the subcellular localization, and the channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Laloux
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Bruna Junqueira
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Laurie C Maistriaux
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Jahed Ahmed
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Agnieszka Jurkiewicz
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - François Chaumont
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
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Fox AR, Maistriaux LC, Chaumont F. Toward understanding of the high number of plant aquaporin isoforms and multiple regulation mechanisms. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 264:179-187. [PMID: 28969798 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first plant aquaporin (AQP) in 1993, our conception of the way plants control cell water homeostasis as well as their global water balance has been revisited. Plant AQPs constitute a large family of evolutionarily related channels that, in addition to water, can also facilitate the membrane diffusion of a number of small solutes, such as urea, CO2, H2O2, ammonia, metalloids, and even ions, indicating a wide range of cellular functions. At the cellular level, AQPs are subject to various regulation mechanisms leading to active/inactive channels in their target membranes. In this review, we discuss several specific questions that need to be addressed in future research. Why are so many different AQPs simultaneously expressed in specific cellular types? How is their selectivity to different solutes controlled (in particular in the case of multiple permeation properties)? What does the molecular interaction between AQPs and other molecules tell us about their regulation and their involvement in specific cellular and physiological processes? Resolving these questions will definitely help us better understand the physiological advantages that plants have to express and regulate so many AQP isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Romina Fox
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Laurie C Maistriaux
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - François Chaumont
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Kadam S, Abril A, Dhanapal AP, Koester RP, Vermerris W, Jose S, Fritschi FB. Characterization and Regulation of Aquaporin Genes of Sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in Response to Waterlogging Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:862. [PMID: 28611797 PMCID: PMC5447673 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging is a significant environmental constraint to crop production, and a better understanding of plant responses is critical for the improvement of crop tolerance to waterlogged soils. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a class of channel-forming proteins that play an important role in water transport in plants. This study aimed to examine the regulation of AQP genes under waterlogging stress and to characterize the genetic variability of AQP genes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Transcriptional profiling of AQP genes in response to waterlogging stress in nodal root tips and nodal root basal regions of two tolerant and two sensitive sorghum genotypes at 18 and 96 h after waterlogging stress imposition revealed significant gene-specific pattern with regard to genotype, root tissue sample, and time point. For some tissue sample and time point combinations, PIP2-6, PIP2-7, TIP2-2, TIP4-4, and TIP5-1 expression was differentially regulated in tolerant compared to sensitive genotypes. The differential response of these AQP genes suggests that they may play a tissue specific role in mitigating waterlogging stress. Genetic analysis of sorghum revealed that AQP genes were clustered into the same four subfamilies as in maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa) and that residues determining the AQP channel specificity were largely conserved across species. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from 50 sorghum accessions were used to build an AQP gene-based phylogeny of the haplotypes. Phylogenetic analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms of sorghum AQP genes placed the tolerant and sensitive genotypes used for the expression study in distinct groups. Expression analyses suggested that selected AQPs may play a pivotal role in sorghum tolerance to water logging stress. Further experimentation is needed to verify their role and to leverage phylogenetic analyses and AQP expression data to improve waterlogging tolerance in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Kadam
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, ColumbiaMO, United States
| | - Alejandra Abril
- Graduate Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, GainesvilleFL, United States
| | - Arun P. Dhanapal
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, ColumbiaMO, United States
| | - Robert P. Koester
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, ColumbiaMO, United States
| | - Wilfred Vermerris
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science – Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, GainesvilleFL, United States
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, GainesvilleFL, United States
| | - Shibu Jose
- The Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, ColumbiaMO, United States
| | - Felix B. Fritschi
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, ColumbiaMO, United States
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Glazinska P, Wojciechowski W, Kulasek M, Glinkowski W, Marciniak K, Klajn N, Kesy J, Kopcewicz J. De novo Transcriptome Profiling of Flowers, Flower Pedicels and Pods of Lupinus luteus (Yellow Lupine) Reveals Complex Expression Changes during Organ Abscission. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:641. [PMID: 28512462 PMCID: PMC5412092 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L., Taper c.), a member of the legume family (Fabaceae L.), has an enormous practical importance. Its excessive flower and pod abscission represents an economic drawback, as proper flower and seed formation and development is crucial for the plant's productivity. Generative organ detachment takes place at the basis of the pedicels, within a specialized group of cells collectively known as the abscission zone (AZ). During plant growth these cells become competent to respond to specific signals that trigger separation and lead to the abolition of cell wall adhesion. Little is known about the molecular network controlling the yellow lupine organ abscission. The aim of our study was to establish the divergences and similarities in transcriptional networks in the pods, flowers and flower pedicels abscised or maintained on the plant, and to identify genes playing key roles in generative organ abscission in yellow lupine. Based on de novo transcriptome assembly, we identified 166,473 unigenes representing 219,514 assembled unique transcripts from flowers, flower pedicels and pods undergoing abscission and from control organs. Comparison of the cDNA libraries from dropped and control organs helped in identifying 1,343, 2,933 and 1,491 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the flowers, flower pedicels and pods, respectively. In DEG analyses, we focused on genes involved in phytohormonal regulation, cell wall functioning and metabolic pathways. Our results indicate that auxin, ethylene and gibberellins are some of the main factors engaged in generative organ abscission. Identified 28 DEGs common for all library comparisons are involved in cell wall functioning, protein metabolism, water homeostasis and stress response. Interestingly, among the common DEGs we also found an miR169 precursor, which is the first evidence of micro RNA engaged in abscission. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the identified DEGs were predominantly involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, but some other pathways were also targeted. This study represents the first comprehensive transcriptome-based characterization of organ abscission in L. luteus and provides a valuable data source not only for understanding the abscission signaling pathway in yellow lupine, but also for further research aimed at improving crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Glazinska
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Waldemar Wojciechowski
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Milena Kulasek
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Wojciech Glinkowski
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Marciniak
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Natalia Klajn
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Jacek Kesy
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Jan Kopcewicz
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
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Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression profile of aquaporin gene family in flax (Linum usitatissimum). Sci Rep 2017; 7:46137. [PMID: 28447607 PMCID: PMC5406838 DOI: 10.1038/srep46137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane intrinsic proteins (MIPs) form transmembrane channels and facilitate transport of myriad substrates across the cell membrane in many organisms. Majority of plant MIPs have water transporting ability and are commonly referred as aquaporins (AQPs). In the present study, we identified aquaporin coding genes in flax by genome-wide analysis, their structure, function and expression pattern by pan-genome exploration. Cross-genera phylogenetic analysis with known aquaporins from rice, arabidopsis, and poplar showed five subgroups of flax aquaporins representing 16 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), 17 tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), 13 NOD26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), 2 small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs), and 3 uncharacterized intrinsic proteins (XIPs). Amongst aquaporins, PIPs contained hydrophilic aromatic arginine (ar/R) selective filter but TIP, NIP, SIP and XIP subfamilies mostly contained hydrophobic ar/R selective filter. Analysis of RNA-seq and microarray data revealed high expression of PIPs in multiple tissues, low expression of NIPs, and seed specific expression of TIP3 in flax. Exploration of aquaporin homologs in three closely related Linum species bienne, grandiflorum and leonii revealed presence of 49, 39 and 19 AQPs, respectively. The genome-wide identification of aquaporins, first in flax, provides insight to elucidate their physiological and developmental roles in flax.
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Rothert M, Rönfeldt D, Beitz E. Electrostatic attraction of weak monoacid anions increases probability for protonation and passage through aquaporins. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9358-9364. [PMID: 28360107 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.782516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A positive electrostatic field emanating from the center of the aquaporin (AQP) water and solute channel is responsible for the repulsion of cations. At the same time, however, a positive field will attract anions. In this regard, l-lactate/lactic acid permeability has been shown for various isoforms of the otherwise highly water and neutral substrate selective AQP family. The structural requirements rendering certain AQPs permeable for weak monoacids and the mechanism of conduction have remained unclear. Here, we show by profiling pH-dependent substrate permeability, measurements of media alkalization, and proton decoupling that AQP9 acts as a channel for the protonated, neutral monocarboxylic acid species. Intriguingly, the obtained permeability rates indicate an up to 10 times higher probability of passage via AQP9 than given by the fraction of the protonated acid substrate at a certain pH. We generated AQP9 point mutants showing that this effect is independent from properties of the channel interior but caused by the protein surface electrostatics. Monocarboxylic acid-conducting AQPs thus employ a mechanism similar to the family of formate-nitrite transporters for weak monoacids. On a more general basis, our data illustrate semiquantitatively the contribution of surface electrostatics to the interaction of charged molecule substrates or ligands with target proteins, such as channels, transporters, enzymes, or receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monja Rothert
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Deike Rönfeldt
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eric Beitz
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Baranwal VK, Khurana P. Major intrinsic proteins repertoire of Morus notabilis and their expression profiles in different species. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 111:304-317. [PMID: 27988481 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Leaf moisture content in Morus is a significant trait regulating the yield of silk production. Studies have shown that fresh leaves or leaves with high water content are preferably eaten by silk worm. Water and certain other molecules transport in plants is known to be regulated by aquaporins or Major Intrinsic Proteins (MIPs). Members of the MIP gene family have also been implicated in plant development and stress responsiveness. To understand how members of MIP gene family are regulated and evolved, we carried out an extensive analysis of the gene family. We identified a total of 36 non redundant MIPs in Morus notabilis genome, belonging to five subfamilies PIPs, TIPs, NIPs, XIPs and SIPs) have been identified. We performed a Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis and looked at distribution of cis elements in their 2K upstream regulatory region to reveal their putative roles in various stresses and developmental aspects. Expression analysis in developmental stages revealed their tissue preferential expression pattern in diverse vegetative and reproductive tissues. Comparison of expression profiles in the leaves of three species including Morus notabilis, Morus serrata and Morus laevigata led to identification of differential expression in these species. In all, this study elaborates a basic insight into the structure, function and evolutionary analysis of MIP gene family in Morus which is hitherto unavailable. Our analysis will provide a ready reference to the mulberry research community involved in the Morus improvement program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Baranwal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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49
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Rios JJ, Martínez-Ballesta MC, Ruiz JM, Blasco B, Carvajal M. Silicon-mediated Improvement in Plant Salinity Tolerance: The Role of Aquaporins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 28642767 PMCID: PMC5463179 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is an abundant and differentially distributed element in soils that is believed to have important biological functions. However, the benefits of Si and its essentiality in plants are controversial due to differences among species in their ability to take up this element. Despite this, there is a consensus that the application of Si improves the water status of plants under abiotic stress conditions. Hence, plants treated with Si are able to maintain a high stomatal conductance and transpiration rate under salt stress, suggesting that a reduction in Na+ uptake occurs due to deposition of Si in the root. In addition, root hydraulic conductivity increases when Si is applied. As a result, a Si-mediated upregulation of aquaporin (PIP) gene expression is observed in relation to increased root hydraulic conductivity and water uptake. Aquaporins of the subclass nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins are further involved in allowing Si entry into the cell. Therefore, on the basis of available published results and recent developments, we propose a model to explain how Si absorption alleviates stress in plants grown under saline conditions through the conjugated action of different aquaporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Rios
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
| | - Maria C. Martínez-Ballesta
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
| | - Juan M. Ruiz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of GranadaGranada, Spain
| | - Begoña Blasco
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of GranadaGranada, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Micaela Carvajal,
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Pérez Di Giorgio JA, Soto GC, Muschietti JP, Amodeo G. Pollen Aquaporins: The Solute Factor. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1659. [PMID: 27881985 PMCID: PMC5101680 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years, the biophysical properties and presumed physiological role of aquaporins (AQPs) have been expanded to specialized cells where water and solute exchange are crucial traits. Complex but unique processes such as stomatal movement or pollen hydration and germination have been addressed not only by identifying the specific AQP involved but also by studying how these proteins integrate and coordinate cellular activities and functions. In this review, we referred specifically to pollen-specific AQPs and analyzed what has been assumed in terms of transport properties and what has been found in terms of their physiological role. Unlike that in many other cells, the AQP machinery in mature pollen lacks plasma membrane intrinsic proteins, which are extensively studied for their high water capacity exchange. Instead, a variety of TIPs and NIPs are expressed in pollen. These findings have altered the initial understanding of AQPs and water exchange to consider specific and diverse solutes that might be critical to sustaining pollen's success. The spatial and temporal distribution of the pollen AQPs also reflects a regulatory mechanism that allowing a properly adjusting water and solute exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A. Pérez Di Giorgio
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela C. Soto
- Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret – Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas – Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge P. Muschietti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Amodeo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada – Universidad de Buenos Aires–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
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