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Stumpf MJ, Winkler T, Siebigteroth M, Lenzen A, Weinhold L, Nickenig G, Hendig D, Skowasch D, Schahab N, Schaefer CA. Influence of pseudoxanthoma elasticum on the lipid profile and prognostic implications. VASA 2024. [PMID: 39017644 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a001134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Background: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare, inherited disease characterised by specific skin lesions, progressive loss of vision and early onset atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis in PXE leads to an increased rate of vascular occlusion and severe intermittent claudication. Although genetically determined, the individual course of PXE is highly variable. Up to now, there is no sufficient parameter to identify individuals at risk of rapid disease progression. This present study focused the lipid profile of patients with PXE and its possible influence on the clinical severity of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Patients and methods: 112 patients with PXE were retrospectively screened. Patients without a complete lipid profile consisting of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) where excluded as well as patients with already initiated lipid-lowering therapy. 52 patients met the inclusion criteria. An age-adjusted ordinal regression model was applied to determine the association of each lipid fraction with the severity of PAD assessed as Fontaine classification. Results: The lipid profile of patients with PXE was unremarkable (TGC: 135.8±105.8 mg/dl; TC: 172.5±44.4 mg/dl; HDL: 63.0±18.2 mg/dl; Lp[a]: 64.7±93.5 nmol/l). Ordinal regression showed a significant association of Lp(a) with the severity of PAD with an odds ratio of 1.01 (1.00-1.02; p = 0.004), whereas the other fractions of the lipid profile had no significant influence. Conclusions: This study provides the largest evaluation of blood lipids up to now and the first characterization of Lp(a) levels in patients with PXE. We were able to provide first evidence of a correlation between elevated levels of Lp(a) and the severity of PAD. The present results suggest that determination of Lp(a) in early stages of PXE could help to identify patients at risk of rapid disease progression and with the need of intensified walking exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Jonathan Stumpf
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Pneumology, and Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Winkler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Pneumology, and Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Marit Siebigteroth
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Pneumology, and Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Annemarie Lenzen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Pneumology, and Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Leonie Weinhold
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Pneumology, and Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Doris Hendig
- Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine Westphalia, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Dirk Skowasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Pneumology, and Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Nadjib Schahab
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Pneumology, and Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian A Schaefer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Pneumology, and Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
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Yuan L, Wei J, Xiao S, Jin S, Xia X, Liu H, Liu J, Hu J, Zuo Y, Li Y, Yang F, Li J. Nano-laponite encapsulated coaxial fiber scaffold promotes endochondral osteogenesis. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae080. [PMID: 39055302 PMCID: PMC11269679 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoinductive supplements without side effects stand out from the growth factors and drugs widely used in bone tissue engineering. Lithium magnesium sodium silicate hydrate (laponite) nanoflake is a promising bioactive component for bone regeneration, attributed to its inherent biosafety and effective osteoinductivity. Up to now, the in vivo osteogenic potential and mechanisms of laponite-encapsulated fibrous membranes remain largely unexplored. This study presents a unique method for homogeneously integrating high concentrations of laponite RDS into a polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix by dispersing laponite RDS sol into the polymer solution. Subsequently, a core-shell fibrous membrane (10RP-PG), embedding laponite-loaded PCL in its core, was crafted using coaxial electrospinning. The PCL core's slow degradation and the shell's gradient degradation enabled the sustained release of bioactive ions (Si and Mg) from laponite. In vivo studies on a critical-sized calvarial bone defect model demonstrated that the 10RP-PG membrane markedly enhanced bone formation and remodeling by accelerating the process of endochondral ossification. Further transcriptome analysis suggested that osteogenesis in the 10RP-PG membrane is driven by Mg and Si from endocytosed laponite, activating pathways related to ossification and endochondral ossification, including Hippo, Wnt and Notch. The fabricated nanocomposite fibrous membranes hold great promise in the fields of critical-sized bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jiawei Wei
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shiqi Xiao
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shue Jin
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jiangshan Liu
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yubao Li
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Dentistry—Regenerative Biomaterials, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Nijmegen, 6525EX, The Netherlands
| | - Jidong Li
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Luisetto R, Scanu A. The translational value of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease experimental mouse models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1417318. [PMID: 38846138 PMCID: PMC11153760 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1417318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The deposition of calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals in joint tissues causes acute and chronic arthritis that commonly affect the adult and elderly population. Experimental calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) models are divided into genetically modified models and crystal-induced inflammation models. The former do not reproduce phenotypes overlapping with the human disease, while in the latter, the direct injection of crystals into the ankles, dorsal air pouch or peritoneum constitutes a useful and reliable methodology that resembles the CPP induced-inflammatory condition in humans. The translational importance of the induced model is also strengthened by the fact that the key molecular and cellular mediators involved in inflammation are shared between humans and laboratory rodents. Although, in vivo models are indispensable tools for studying the pathogenesis of the CPPD and testing new therapies, their development is still at an early stage and major efforts are needed to address this issue. Here, we analyze the strenghts and limitations of each currently available CPPD in vivo model, and critically discuss their translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Luisetto
- Experimental Surgery Research Center, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology-DISCOG, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Scanu
- Department of Women's and Children's Health-SDB, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Departement of Neuroscience-DNS, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Tasleem M, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Hussain Z, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A, El-Kott AF, Taslimi P, Negm S, Shafiq Z, Iqbal J. Synthesis, in vitro, and in silico studies of morpholine-based thiosemicarbazones as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 and -3 inhibitors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131068. [PMID: 38531526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
An extensive range of new biologically active morpholine based thiosemicarbazones derivatives 3a-r were synthesized, characterized by spectral techniques and evaluated as inhibitors of ENPP isozymes. Most of the novel thiosemicarbazones exhibit potent inhibition towards NPP1 and NPP3 isozymes. Compound 3 h was potent inhibitor of NPP1 with IC50 value of 0.55 ± 0.02. However, the most powerful inhibitor of NPP3 was 3e with an IC50 value of 0.24 ± 0.02. Furthermore, Lineweaver-Burk plot for compound 3 h against NPP1 and for compound 3e against NPP3 was devised through enzymes kinetics studies. Molecular docking and in silico studies was also done for analysis of interaction pattern of all newly synthesized compounds. The results were further validated by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation where the stability of conformational transformation of the best protein-ligand complex (3e) were justified on the basis of RMSD and RMSF analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mussarat Tasleem
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, 74100 Bartin, Türkiye
| | - Sally Negm
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Art Mahyel Aseer, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
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Alsarraf F, Ali DS, Almonaei K, Al-Alwani H, Khan AA, Brandi ML. Hypophosphatasia: presentation and response to asfotase alfa. Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:717-725. [PMID: 37993691 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare bone disease with limited scientific evidence on the tolerability and safety of its novel treatment, Asfotase Alfa (AA). We report 7 HPP patients' heterogenous presentations and the significant improvement in various clinical outcomes attained with AA shedding light on this highly effective and safe therapy. INTRODUCTION Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited metabolic bone disorder characterized by a deficiency in the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) due to loss of function mutation in the ALPL gene. HPP is associated with impaired skeletal mineralization due to elevations in inorganic pyrophosphate and altered phosphate : pyrophosphate ratio. Asfotase alfa (AA) "enzyme replacement" was approved for treatment of HPP in 2015. We present 7 patients with HPP, 5 with pediatric-onset, and 2 with adult-onset, who have been treated with AA and describe the efficacy and safety in these patients. METHODS 7 patients (4 females, 3 males) aged 19-68 years with HPP were included in this study. Diagnosis of HPP was confirmed by DNA analysis. AA was administered in doses of 6mg/kg/week with a mean follow-up of 6 months (SD= 5). RESULTS Subjective improvement in muscle strength, muscle pain, walking ability, and walking distance with a reduction in the use of gait aids was seen "with AA in HPP patients." Muscle strength and pain improved by up to 70% from baseline as quantified subjectively by patients. Walking distance improved by up to 100%. Patients also reported improved cognition, mood, and energy levels, with up to 90% improvement in mood and 75% improvement in energy levels. 4 out of 6 patients first noted clinical signs of improvement after 3 months of being on therapy. 1 out of the 7 patients sustained a toe fracture 10 months from being on AA. AA was well-tolerated with injection site reactions being the most reported adverse effect. CONCLUSION HPP treatment with AA in individuals with both pediatric and adult-onset forms resulted in significant subjective improvement in musculoskeletal and cognitive manifestations in addition to patients' quality of life. The drug was well tolerated in 6 patients. 1 patient discontinued therapy because of minor adverse effects with myalgias.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Alsarraf
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - D S Ali
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Almonaei
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Al-Alwani
- Department of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Khan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M L Brandi
- F.I.R.M.O. Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, Florence, Italy
- Donatello Bone Clinic, Villa Donatello Hospital, Florence, Italy
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6
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Müller WEG, Neufurth M, Wang S, Schröder HC, Wang X. Polyphosphate Nanoparticles: Balancing Energy Requirements in Tissue Regeneration Processes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309528. [PMID: 38470207 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of a particular, evolutionarily old inorganic polymer found across the biological kingdoms have attracted increasing interest in recent years not only because of their crucial role in metabolism but also their potential medical applicability: it is inorganic polyphosphate (polyP). This ubiquitous linear polymer is composed of 10-1000 phosphate residues linked by high-energy anhydride bonds. PolyP causes induction of gene activity, provides phosphate for bone mineralization, and serves as an energy supplier through enzymatic cleavage of its acid anhydride bonds and subsequent ATP formation. The biomedical breakthrough of polyP came with the development of a successful fabrication process, in depot form, as Ca- or Mg-polyP nanoparticles, or as the directly effective polymer, as soluble Na-polyP, for regenerative repair and healing processes, especially in tissue areas with insufficient blood supply. Physiologically, the platelets are the main vehicles for polyP nanoparticles in the circulating blood. To be biomedically active, these particles undergo coacervation. This review provides an overview of the properties of polyP and polyP nanoparticles for applications in the regeneration and repair of bone, cartilage, and skin. In addition to studies on animal models, the first successful proof-of-concept studies on humans for the healing of chronic wounds are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner E G Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Meik Neufurth
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shunfeng Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
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Baroncelli GI, Carlucci G, Freri E, Giuca MR, Guarnieri V, Navarra G, Toschi B, Mora S. The diagnosis of hypophosphatasia in children as a multidisciplinary effort: an expert opinion. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:739-747. [PMID: 37752373 PMCID: PMC10904512 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02199-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic disorder in which pathogenic variants of the ALPL gene lead to a marked decrease of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) activity. Although HPP is a systemic disorder, its clinical manifestations are more evident on bones, teeth, muscle and central nervous system. The clinical spectrum ranges from severe forms with extreme skeletal deformities, respiratory impairment, seizures, to very mild forms with onset in late adulthood and few clinical signs. The diagnosis can be suspected by measurement of TNSALP activity, but the insufficient awareness among health professionals and the lack of official guidelines are responsible for delayed diagnosis in children with HPP. The purpose of the current document is to provide an expert opinion directed at optimizing the diagnostic pathway of pediatric HPP. From April to December 2022, a multidisciplinary working group of 6 experts including two pediatric endocrinologists, a pediatric neurologist, a pediatric odontologist, a clinical geneticist, and a molecular biologist gathered in a series of periodic meetings to discuss the main issues related to the diagnosis of HPP in children and formalize an Expert Opinion statement. The experts agreed on a diagnostic trail that begins with the recognition of specific clinical signs, leading to biochemical analyses of TNSALP activity and vitamin B6 serum concentration. Very important are the neurological and dental manifestation of the disease that should be thoroughly investigated. The evaluation of TNSALP activity must consider sex and age variability and low activity must be persistent. Repeated blood measurements are thus necessary. The molecular analysis is then mandatory to confirm the diagnosis and for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Baroncelli
- Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Division of Pediatrics, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Carlucci
- OPT S.P.A., Soluzioni Per Il Mondo Healthcare, Milan, Italy
| | - E Freri
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - M R Giuca
- Unit of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Surgical Medical Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Dental and Oral Surgery Clinic, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Guarnieri
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - G Navarra
- OPT S.P.A., Soluzioni Per Il Mondo Healthcare, Milan, Italy
| | - B Toschi
- Section of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Oncological Area, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Mora
- Laboratory of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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Atanasova D, Mirgorodskaya E, Moparthi L, Koch S, Haarhaus M, Narisawa S, Millán JL, Landberg E, Magnusson P. Glycoproteomic profile of human tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase expressed in osteoblasts. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae006. [PMID: 38505526 PMCID: PMC10945725 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) is a glycoprotein expressed by osteoblasts that promotes bone mineralization. TNALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of the mineralization inhibitor inorganic pyrophosphate and ATP to provide inorganic phosphate, thus controlling the inorganic pyrophosphate/inorganic phosphate ratio to enable the growth of hydroxyapatite crystals. N-linked glycosylation of TNALP is essential for protein stability and enzymatic activity and is responsible for the presence of different bone isoforms of TNALP associated with functional and clinical differences. The site-specific glycosylation profiles of TNALP are, however, elusive. TNALP has 5 potential N-glycosylation sites located at the asparagine (N) residues 140, 230, 271, 303, and 430. The objective of this study was to reveal the presence and structure of site-specific glycosylation in TNALP expressed in osteoblasts. Calvarial osteoblasts derived from Alpl+/- expressing SV40 Large T antigen were transfected with soluble epitope-tagged human TNALP. Purified TNALP was analyzed with a lectin microarray, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that all sites (n = 5) were fully occupied predominantly with complex-type N-glycans. High abundance of galactosylated biantennary N-glycans with various degrees of sialylation was observed on all sites, as well as glycans with no terminal galactose and sialic acid. Furthermore, all sites had core fucosylation except site N271. Modelling of TNALP, with the protein structure prediction software ColabFold, showed possible steric hindrance by the adjacent side chain of W270, which could explain the absence of core fucosylation at N271. These novel findings provide evidence for N-linked glycosylation on all 5 sites of TNALP, as well as core fucosylation on 4 out of 5 sites. We anticipate that this new knowledge can aid in the development of functional and clinical assays specific for the TNALP bone isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Atanasova
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping SE-58185, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Mirgorodskaya
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41346, Sweden
| | - Lavanya Moparthi
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping SE-58185, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping SE-58185, Sweden
| | - Stefan Koch
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping SE-58185, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping SE-58185, Sweden
| | - Mathias Haarhaus
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Sonoko Narisawa
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Eva Landberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping SE-58185, Sweden
| | - Per Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping SE-58185, Sweden
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Kauffenstein G, Martin L, Le Saux O. The Purinergic Nature of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:74. [PMID: 38392293 PMCID: PMC10886499 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE) is an inherited disease characterized by elastic fiber calcification in the eyes, the skin and the cardiovascular system. PXE results from mutations in ABCC6 that encodes an ABC transporter primarily expressed in the liver and kidneys. It took nearly 15 years after identifying the gene to better understand the etiology of PXE. ABCC6 function facilitates the efflux of ATP, which is sequentially hydrolyzed by the ectonucleotidases ENPP1 and CD73 into pyrophosphate (PPi) and adenosine, both inhibitors of calcification. PXE, together with General Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI caused by ENPP1 mutations) as well as Calcification of Joints and Arteries (CALJA caused by NT5E/CD73 mutations), forms a disease continuum with overlapping phenotypes and shares steps of the same molecular pathway. The explanation of these phenotypes place ABCC6 as an upstream regulator of a purinergic pathway (ABCC6 → ENPP1 → CD73 → TNAP) that notably inhibits mineralization by maintaining a physiological Pi/PPi ratio in connective tissues. Based on a review of the literature and our recent experimental data, we suggest that PXE (and GACI/CALJA) be considered as an authentic "purinergic disease". In this article, we recapitulate the pathobiology of PXE and review molecular and physiological data showing that, beyond PPi deficiency and ectopic calcification, PXE is associated with wide and complex alterations of purinergic systems. Finally, we speculate on the future prospects regarding purinergic signaling and other aspects of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Kauffenstein
- UMR INSERM 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ludovic Martin
- PXE Consultation Center, MAGEC Nord Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases, Angers University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- MITOVASC-UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM 1083, University of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Olivier Le Saux
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Zhao Y, Peng X, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Wang L, Xu Y, Yang H, Bai J, Geng D. Crosstalk Between the Neuroendocrine System and Bone Homeostasis. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:95-124. [PMID: 37459436 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The homeostasis of bone microenvironment is the foundation of bone health and comprises 2 concerted events: bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. In the early 21st century, leptin, an adipocytes-derived hormone, was found to affect bone homeostasis through hypothalamic relay and the sympathetic nervous system, involving neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. This discovery has provided a new perspective regarding the synergistic effects of endocrine and nervous systems on skeletal homeostasis. Since then, more studies have been conducted, gradually uncovering the complex neuroendocrine regulation underlying bone homeostasis. Intriguingly, bone is also considered as an endocrine organ that can produce regulatory factors that in turn exert effects on neuroendocrine activities. After decades of exploration into bone regulation mechanisms, separate bioactive factors have been extensively investigated, whereas few studies have systematically shown a global view of bone homeostasis regulation. Therefore, we summarized the previously studied regulatory patterns from the nervous system and endocrine system to bone. This review will provide readers with a panoramic view of the intimate relationship between the neuroendocrine system and bone, compensating for the current understanding of the regulation patterns of bone homeostasis, and probably developing new therapeutic strategies for its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xiaole Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
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11
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Jawich K, Hadakie R, Jamal S, Habeeb R, Al Fahoum S, Ferlin A, De Toni L. Emerging Role of Non-collagenous Bone Proteins as Osteokines in Extraosseous Tissues. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:215-225. [PMID: 37937553 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037268414231017074054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a unique tissue, composed of various types of cells embedded in a calcified extracellular matrix (ECM), whose dynamic structure consists of organic and inorganic compounds produced by bone cells. The main inorganic component is represented by hydroxyapatite, whilst the organic ECM is primarily made up of type I collagen and non-collagenous proteins. These proteins play an important role in bone homeostasis, calcium regulation, and maintenance of the hematopoietic niche. Recent advances in bone biology have highlighted the importance of specific bone proteins, named "osteokines", possessing endocrine functions and exerting effects on nonosseous tissues. Accordingly, osteokines have been found to act as growth factors, cell receptors, and adhesion molecules, thus modifying the view of bone from a static tissue fulfilling mobility to an endocrine organ itself. Since bone is involved in a paracrine and endocrine cross-talk with other tissues, a better understanding of bone secretome and the systemic roles of osteokines is expected to provide benefits in multiple topics: such as identification of novel biomarkers and the development of new therapeutic strategies. The present review discusses in detail the known osseous and extraosseous effects of these proteins and the possible respective clinical and therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenda Jawich
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Science and Technology, Darrah, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Rana Hadakie
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Souhaib Jamal
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Rana Habeeb
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Science and Technology, Darrah, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Sahar Al Fahoum
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca De Toni
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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12
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Garcia ALH, de Souza MR, Picinini J, Soares S, Rohr P, Linden R, Schneider A, Freitas MPM, Ely HC, Bobermin LD, Dos Santos AQ, Dalberto D, da Silva J. Unraveling gene expression and genetic instability in dental fluorosis: Investigating the impact of chronic fluoride exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167393. [PMID: 37769727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic fluoride exposure, even in small quantities, when continuously ingested by the human population, can lead to a significant public health concern known as fluorosis. Our understanding of the effects of fluoride on human health, as well as its potential to impact DNA, is limited. The present study aimed to assess genetic instability in 20 individuals diagnosed with dental fluorosis and 20 individuals without the condition from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The participants' dental fluorosis was evaluated using the Thylstrup-Fejerskov index (TF). To further evaluate genetic instability, several assays were conducted, including the alkaline and modified (+FPG) comet assay (using a visual score, VS), the buccal micronucleus (MN) cytome (BMCyt) assay, the cytokinesis-block MN (CBMN-Cyt) assay, and the measurement of telomere length (TL). In addition, the study utilized tools from Systems Biology to gain insights into the effects of fluoride exposure on humans, which aided in the selection and evaluation of mRNA expression levels of specific genes, namely PPA1 (inorganic pyrophosphatase 1), AQP5 (Aquaporin 5), and MT-ATP6 (Mitochondrially Encoded Adenosine Triphosphate Synthase Membrane Subunit 6). Furthermore, fluoride levels in the blood and urine were assessed using an ion-selective electrode, along with the evaluation of the inflammatory response in serum. The group with dental fluorosis exhibited 2.18 times higher MN frequencies specifically when assessed using the CBMN-Cyt assay, in comparison with individuals without fluorosis. Findings from the enzyme-modified comet assay indicated oxidative damage to purines in DNA. Furthermore, a decrease in TL was observed, along with elevated expression patterns of the PPA1 and AQP5 genes, and significant alterations in cytokine release. Significant correlations were identified between the TF and age, as well as the levels of necrotic cells. Additionally, noteworthy correlations were established between fluoride levels and the levels of MN, VS, and MT-ATP6. Although dental fluorosis results from fluoride exposure, our research highlights the potential influence of this condition on genomic instability and gene expression. Consequently, our findings stress the importance of continuously monitoring populations with a high incidence of dental fluorosis to enhance our comprehension of how genomic instability might correlate with the origins and consequences of health problems in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Leticia Hilario Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), 92425-900 Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Melissa Rosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), 92425-900 Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Picinini
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), 92425-900 Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Solange Soares
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), 92425-900 Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paula Rohr
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Linden
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Institute of Health Sciences, Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Anelise Schneider
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Institute of Health Sciences, Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Perpétua Mota Freitas
- Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Graduate Program in Dentistry, 92425-900 Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Daiana Dalberto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), 92425-900 Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), 92425-900 Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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13
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Yabe M, Karakida T, Onuma K, Yamamoto R, Chiba-Ohkuma R, Asada S, Yamakoshi Y, Gomi K. Synergistic effect of FGF-2 and TGF-β1 on the mineralization of human umbilical cord perivascular cells. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 156:105826. [PMID: 37898061 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs) are derived from the human umbilical cord perivascular tissue and are expected to replace mesenchymal stromal cells in the future. We investigated the synergistic effects of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) on HUCPVC mineralization. DESIGN We prepared HUCPVCs with (FGF(+)HUCPVCs) or without FGF-2 (FGF(-)HUCPVCs) in the presence of activated vitamin D3, a bone morphogenic protein inhibitor, and TGF-β1. We examined the cell proliferative capacity, expression of various hard tissue-forming cell gene markers, and mineralization induction ability and identified the crystalline phases of the mineralized nodules. RESULTS FGF(+)HUCPVCs exhibited higher intracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) gene expression and ALP activity, and their cell proliferation rate was higher than that of FGF(-)HUCPVCs. The expression levels of osteoblast marker genes increased in FGF(+)HUCPVCs, whereas those of elastic fiber and muscle cell markers increased in FGF(-)HUCPVCs. The expression of genes related to matrix vesicle-mediated mineralization was increased in FGF(+)HUCPVCs. While FGF(-)HUCPVCs displayed myofibroblast-like properties and could not induce mineralization, FGF(+)HUCPVCs demonstrated the ability to produce mineralized nodules. The resulting mineralized nodules consisted of hydroxyapatite as the major phase and minor amounts of octacalcium phosphate. The mineralized nodules exhibited the morphological characteristics of bone hydroxyapatite, composed of fibrous hydroxyapatite nanorods and polycrystalline sheets. CONCLUSION We found that FGF-2 synergizes with TGF-β1 and is a key factor in the differentiation of HUCPVCs into osteoblast-like cells. Thus, HUCPVCs can potentially serve as a new stem cell source for future bone regeneration and dental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yabe
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Takeo Karakida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuo Onuma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Risako Chiba-Ohkuma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Sakurako Asada
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yamakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Gomi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
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14
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Yan X, Zhang Q, Ma X, Zhong Y, Tang H, Mai S. The mechanism of biomineralization: Progress in mineralization from intracellular generation to extracellular deposition. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:181-190. [PMID: 37388714 PMCID: PMC10302165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is a highly regulated process that results in the deposition of minerals in a precise manner, ultimately producing skeletal and dental hard tissues. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role played by intracellular processes in initiating biomineralization. These processes involve various organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum(ER), mitochondria, and lysosomes, in the formation, accumulation, maturation, and secretion of calcium phosphate (CaP) particles. Particularly, the recent in-depth study of the dynamic process of the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate(ACP) precursors among organelles has made great progress in the development of the integrity of the biomineralization chain. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these intracellular processes remain unclear, and they cannot be fully integrated with the extracellular mineralization mechanism and the physicochemical structure development of the mineralization particles. In this review, we aim to focus on the recent progress made in understanding intracellular mineralization organelles' processes and their relationship with the physicochemical structure development of CaP and extracellular deposition of CaP particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yewen Zhong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengni Tang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui Mai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Bourne LE, Davies BK, Millan JL, Arnett TR, Wheeler-Jones CPD, Keen JAC, Roberts SJ, Orriss IR. Evidence that pyrophosphate acts as an extracellular signalling molecule to exert direct functional effects in primary cultures of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Bone 2023; 176:116868. [PMID: 37549801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular pyrophosphate (PPi) is well known for its fundamental role as a physiochemical mineralisation inhibitor. However, information about its direct actions on bone cells remains limited. This study shows that PPi decreased osteoclast formation and resorptive activity by ≤50 %. These inhibitory actions were associated with reduced expression of genes involved in osteoclastogenesis (Tnfrsf11a, Dcstamp) and bone resorption (Ctsk, Car2, Acp5). In osteoblasts, PPi present for the entire (0-21 days) or latter stages of culture (7-21/14-21 days) decreased bone mineralisation by ≤95 %. However, PPi present for the differentiation phase only (0-7/0-14 days) increased bone formation (≤70 %). Prolonged treatment with PPi resulted in earlier matrix deposition and increased soluble collagen levels (≤2.3-fold). Expression of osteoblast (RUNX2, Bglap) and early osteocyte (E11, Dmp1) genes along with mineralisation inhibitors (Spp1, Mgp) was increased by PPi (≤3-fold). PPi levels are regulated by tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1). PPi reduced NPP1 expression in both cell types whereas TNAP expression (≤2.5-fold) and activity (≤35 %) were increased in osteoblasts. Breakdown of extracellular ATP by NPP1 represents a key source of PPi. ATP release from osteoclasts and osteoblasts was decreased ≤60 % by PPi and by a selective TNAP inhibitor (CAS496014-12-2). Pertussis toxin, which prevents Gαi subunit activation, was used to investigate whether G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling mediates the effects of PPi. The actions of PPi on bone mineralisation, collagen production, ATP release, gene/protein expression and osteoclast formation were abolished or attenuated by pertussis toxin. Together these findings show that PPi, modulates differentiation, function and gene expression in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The ability of PPi to alter ATP release and NPP1/TNAP expression and activity indicates that cells can detect PPi levels and respond accordingly. Our data also raise the possibility that some actions of PPi on bone cells could be mediated by a Gαi-linked GPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie E Bourne
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK; School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, UK
| | - Bethan K Davies
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK; Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jose Luis Millan
- Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Timothy R Arnett
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jacob A C Keen
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Scott J Roberts
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
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16
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Zhang X, Chang M, Wang B, Liu X, Zhang Z, Han G. YAP/WNT5A/FZD4 axis regulates osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells under cyclic stretch. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:907-918. [PMID: 37340863 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify the role of YAP/WNT5A/FZD4 axis in stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs. BACKGROUND During orthodontic tooth movement, differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) at the tension side of the periodontal ligament mediates new bone formation. WNT5A promotes osteogenesis and its regulator Yes-associated protein (YAP) is responsive to mechanical stimulation in hPDLCs. However, the mechanisms of YAP and WNT5A in alveolar bone remodeling remain unclear. METHODS Cyclic stretch was applied to hPDLCs to mimic the orthodontic stretching force. Osteogenic differentiation was determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red staining, qRT-PCR and western blotting. To detect activation of YAP and expression of WNT5A and its receptor Frizzled-4 (FZD4), western blotting, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR and ELISA were performed. Verteporfin, Lats-IN-1, small interfering RNAs and recombinant protein were used to explore the relationship of YAP, WNT5A and FZD4, and the effect of their relationship on stretch-induced osteogenesis of hPDLCs. RESULTS WNT5A, FZD4 and nuclear localization of YAP were upregulated by cyclic stretch. YAP positively regulated WNT5A and FZD4 expression and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs under cyclic stretch by YAP inhibition or activation assay. Knockdown of WNT5A and FZD4 attenuated YAP-induced and stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation. Recombinant WNT5A rescued the suppressed osteogenic differentiation by YAP inhibitor in hPDLCs, whereas knockdown of FZD4 weakened the effect of WNT5A and amplified the suppression. CONCLUSIONS WNT5A/FZD4 could be positively regulated by YAP and the YAP/WNT5A/FZD4 axis mediated osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs under cyclic stretch. This study provided further insight into the biological mechanism of orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocen Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Maolin Chang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Orthodontic Department Division II, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Beike Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Orthodontic Department Division II, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Orthodontic Department Division II, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangli Han
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Orthodontic Department Division II, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Arbaizar-Rovirosa M, Gallizioli M, Lozano JJ, Sidorova J, Pedragosa J, Figuerola S, Chaparro-Cabanillas N, Boya P, Graupera M, Claret M, Urra X, Planas AM. Transcriptomics and translatomics identify a robust inflammatory gene signature in brain endothelial cells after ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:207. [PMID: 37691115 PMCID: PMC10494365 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial function is challenged during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. The endothelial responses are involved in inflammatory leukocyte attraction, adhesion and infiltration, blood-brain barrier leakage, and angiogenesis. This study investigated gene expression changes in brain endothelial cells after acute ischemic stroke using transcriptomics and translatomics. We isolated brain endothelial mRNA by: (i) translating ribosome affinity purification, enabling immunoprecipitation of brain endothelial ribosome-attached mRNA for translatome sequencing and (ii) isolating CD31+ endothelial cells by fluorescence-activating cell sorting for classical transcriptomic analysis. Both techniques revealed similar pathways regulated by ischemia but they showed specific differences in some transcripts derived from non-endothelial cells. We defined a gene set characterizing the endothelial response to acute stroke (24h) by selecting the differentially expressed genes common to both techniques, thus corresponding with the translatome and minimizing non-endothelial mRNA contamination. Enriched pathways were related to inflammation and immunoregulation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix, oxidative stress, and lipid trafficking and storage. We validated, by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence, the protein expression of several genes encoding cell surface proteins. The inflammatory response was associated with the endothelial upregulation of genes related to lipid storage functions and we identified lipid droplet biogenesis in the endothelial cells after ischemia. The study reports a robust translatomic signature of brain endothelial cells after acute stroke and identifies enrichment in novel pathways involved in membrane signaling and lipid storage. Altogether these results highlight the endothelial contribution to the inflammatory response, and identify novel molecules that could be targets to improve vascular function after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arbaizar-Rovirosa
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Rosselló 161, Planta 6, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Cerebrovascular Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mattia Gallizioli
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Rosselló 161, Planta 6, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Cerebrovascular Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J Lozano
- Bioinformatics Platform, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Sidorova
- Bioinformatics Platform, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Pedragosa
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Rosselló 161, Planta 6, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Cerebrovascular Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Figuerola
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Rosselló 161, Planta 6, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Cerebrovascular Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Chaparro-Cabanillas
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Rosselló 161, Planta 6, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Cerebrovascular Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, University of Friburg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Funcional de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xabier Urra
- Cerebrovascular Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Funcional de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna M Planas
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Rosselló 161, Planta 6, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Cerebrovascular Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Zhang S, van de Peppel J, Koedam M, van Leeuwen JPTM, van der Eerden BCJ. Tensin-3 is involved in osteogenic versus adipogenic fate of human bone marrow stromal cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:277. [PMID: 37668682 PMCID: PMC10480249 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tightly controlled balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) is critical to maintain bone homeostasis. Age-related osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass with excessive infiltration of adipose tissue in the bone marrow compartment. The shift of BMSC differentiation from osteoblasts to adipocytes could result in bone loss and adiposity. METHODS TNS3 gene expression during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs was evaluated by qPCR and Western blot analyses. Lentiviral-mediated knockdown or overexpression of TNS3 was used to assess its function. The organization of cytoskeleton was examined by immunofluorescent staining at multiple time points. The role of TNS3 and its domain function in osteogenic differentiation were evaluated by ALP activity, calcium assay, and Alizarin Red S staining. The expression of Rho-GTP was determined using the RhoA pull-down activation assay. RESULTS Loss of TNS3 impaired osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs but promoted adipogenic differentiation. Conversely, TNS3 overexpression hampered adipogenesis while enhancing osteogenesis. The expression level of TNS3 determined cell shape and cytoskeletal reorganization during osteogenic differentiation. TNS3 truncation experiments revealed that for optimal osteogenesis to occur, all domains proved essential. Pull-down and immunocytochemical experiments suggested that TNS3 mediates osteogenic differentiation through RhoA. CONCLUSIONS Here, we identify TNS3 to be involved in BMSC fate decision. Our study links the domain structure in TNS3 to RhoA activity via actin dynamics and implicates an important role for TNS3 in regulating osteogenesis and adipogenesis from BMSCs. Furthermore, it supports the critical involvement of cytoskeletal reorganization in BMSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke Koedam
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes P T M van Leeuwen
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram C J van der Eerden
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Yu Y, Rong K, Yao D, Zhang Q, Cao X, Rao B, Xia Y, Lu Y, Shen Y, Yao Y, Xu H, Ma P, Cao Y, Qin A. The structural pathology for hypophosphatasia caused by malfunctional tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4048. [PMID: 37422472 PMCID: PMC10329691 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a metabolic bone disease that manifests as developmental abnormalities in bone and dental tissues. HPP patients exhibit hypo-mineralization and osteopenia due to the deficiency or malfunction of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate-containing molecules outside the cells, promoting the deposition of hydroxyapatite in the extracellular matrix. Despite the identification of hundreds of pathogenic TNAP mutations, the detailed molecular pathology of HPP remains unclear. Here, to address this issue, we determine the crystal structures of human TNAP at near-atomic resolution and map the major pathogenic mutations onto the structure. Our study reveals an unexpected octameric architecture for TNAP, which is generated by the tetramerization of dimeric TNAPs, potentially stabilizing the TNAPs in the extracellular environments. Moreover, we use cryo-electron microscopy to demonstrate that the TNAP agonist antibody (JTALP001) forms a stable complex with TNAP by binding to the octameric interface. The administration of JTALP001 enhances osteoblast mineralization and promoted recombinant TNAP-rescued mineralization in TNAP knockout osteoblasts. Our findings elucidate the structural pathology of HPP and highlight the therapeutic potential of the TNAP agonist antibody for osteoblast-associated bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Implant, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Kewei Rong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Implant, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Deqiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Implant, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Xiankun Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Implant, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bing Rao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Implant, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Yafeng Shen
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Ying Yao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Peixiang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Implant, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Implant, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, 200125, China.
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Implant, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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20
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Buss DJ, Rechav K, Reznikov N, McKee MD. Mineral tessellation in mouse enthesis fibrocartilage, Achilles tendon, and Hyp calcifying enthesopathy: A shared 3D mineralization pattern. Bone 2023:116818. [PMID: 37295663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The hallmark of enthesis architecture is the 3D compositional and structural gradient encompassing four tissue zones - tendon/ligament, uncalcified fibrocartilage, calcified fibrocartilage and bone. This functional gradient accommodates the large stiffness differential between calcified bone and uncalcified tendon/ligament. Here we analyze in 3D the organization of the mouse Achilles enthesis and mineralizing Achilles tendon in comparison to lamellar bone. We use correlative, multiscale high-resolution volume imaging methods including μCT with submicrometer resolution and FIB-SEM tomography (both with deep learning-based image segmentation), and TEM and SEM imaging, to describe ultrastructural features of physiologic, age-related and aberrant mineral patterning. We applied these approaches to murine wildtype (WT) Achilles enthesis tissues to describe in normal calcifying fibrocartilage a crossfibrillar mineral tessellation pattern similar to that observed in lamellar bone, but with greater variance in mineral tesselle morphology and size. We also examined Achilles enthesis structure in Hyp mice, a murine model for the inherited osteomalacic disease X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) with calcifying enthesopathy. In Achilles enthesis fibrocartilage of Hyp mice, we show defective crossfibrillar mineral tessellation similar to that which occurs in Hyp lamellar bone. At the cellular level in fibrocartilage, unlike in bone where enlarged osteocyte mineral lacunae are found as peri-osteocytic lesions, mineral lacunar volumes for fibrochondrocytes did not differ between WT and Hyp mice. While both WT and Hyp aged mice demonstrate Achilles tendon midsubstance ectopic mineralization, a consistently defective mineralization pattern was observed in Hyp mice. Strong immunostaining for osteopontin was observed at all mineralization sites examined in both WT and Hyp mice. Taken together, this new 3D ultrastructural information describes details of common mineralization trajectories for enthesis, tendon and bone, which in Hyp/XLH are defective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Buss
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katya Rechav
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Natalie Reznikov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc D McKee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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21
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Ma J, Li Y, Yang X, Liu K, Zhang X, Zuo X, Ye R, Wang Z, Shi R, Meng Q, Chen X. Signaling pathways in vascular function and hypertension: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:168. [PMID: 37080965 PMCID: PMC10119183 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a global public health issue and the leading cause of premature death in humans. Despite more than a century of research, hypertension remains difficult to cure due to its complex mechanisms involving multiple interactive factors and our limited understanding of it. Hypertension is a condition that is named after its clinical features. Vascular function is a factor that affects blood pressure directly, and it is a main strategy for clinically controlling BP to regulate constriction/relaxation function of blood vessels. Vascular elasticity, caliber, and reactivity are all characteristic indicators reflecting vascular function. Blood vessels are composed of three distinct layers, out of which the endothelial cells in intima and the smooth muscle cells in media are the main performers of vascular function. The alterations in signaling pathways in these cells are the key molecular mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction and hypertension development. In this manuscript, we will comprehensively review the signaling pathways involved in vascular function regulation and hypertension progression, including calcium pathway, NO-NOsGC-cGMP pathway, various vascular remodeling pathways and some important upstream pathways such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress-related signaling pathway, immunity/inflammation pathway, etc. Meanwhile, we will also summarize the treatment methods of hypertension that targets vascular function regulation and discuss the possibility of these signaling pathways being applied to clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghao Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Runyu Ye
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Rufeng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Plümers R, Lindenkamp C, Osterhage MR, Knabbe C, Hendig D. Matrix Metalloproteinases Contribute to the Calcification Phenotype in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum. Biomolecules 2023; 13:672. [PMID: 37189419 PMCID: PMC10135689 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic calcification and dysregulated extracellular matrix remodeling are prominent hallmarks of the complex heterogenous pathobiochemistry of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). The disease arises from mutations in ABCC6, an ATP-binding cassette transporter expressed predominantly in the liver. Neither its substrate nor the mechanisms by which it contributes to PXE are completely understood. The fibroblasts isolated from PXE patients and Abcc6-/- mice were subjected to RNA sequencing. A group of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) clustering on human chromosome 11q21-23, respectively, murine chromosome 9, was found to be overexpressed. A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescent staining confirmed these findings. The induction of calcification by CaCl2 resulted in the elevated expression of selected MMPs. On this basis, the influence of the MMP inhibitor Marimastat (BB-2516) on calcification was assessed. PXE fibroblasts (PXEFs) exhibited a pro-calcification phenotype basally. PXEF and normal human dermal fibroblasts responded with calcium deposit accumulation and the induced expression of osteopontin to the addition of Marimastat to the calcifying medium. The raised MMP expression in PXEFs and during cultivation with calcium indicates a correlation of ECM remodeling and ectopic calcification in PXE pathobiochemistry. We assume that MMPs make elastic fibers accessible to controlled, potentially osteopontin-dependent calcium deposition under calcifying conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Doris Hendig
- Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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23
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Xu K, Zhang L, Yu N, Ren Z, Wang T, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Yu T. Effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on the differentiation potential of primary stem cells: a systematic review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:74. [PMID: 37038234 PMCID: PMC10088298 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been associated with aging and the development, or worsening, of many degenerative diseases, such as atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes. AGEs can accumulate in a variety of cells and tissues, and organs in the body, which in turn induces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and adversely affects human health. In addition, under abnormal pathological conditions, AGEs create conditions that are not conducive to stem cell differentiation. Moreover, an accumulation of AGEs can affect the differentiation of stem cells. This, in turn, leads to impaired tissue repair and further aggravation of diabetic complications. Therefore, this systematic review clearly outlines the effects of AGEs on cell differentiation of various types of primary isolated stem cells and summarizes the possible regulatory mechanisms and interventions. Our study is expected to reveal the mechanism of tissue damage caused by the diabetic microenvironment from a cellular and molecular point of view and provide new ideas for treating complications caused by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuishuai Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongkai Ren
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Tianrui Wang
- Department of Traumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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24
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Inorganic Pyrophosphate Plasma Levels Are Decreased in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum Patients and Heterozygous Carriers but Do Not Correlate with the Genotype or Phenotype. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051893. [PMID: 36902680 PMCID: PMC10003929 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare ectopic calcification disorder affecting soft connective tissues that is caused by biallelic ABCC6 mutations. While the underlying pathomechanisms are incompletely understood, reduced circulatory levels of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi)-a potent mineralization inhibitor-have been reported in PXE patients and were suggested to be useful as a disease biomarker. In this study, we explored the relation between PPi, the ABCC6 genotype and the PXE phenotype. For this, we optimized and validated a PPi measurement protocol with internal calibration that can be used in a clinical setting. An analysis of 78 PXE patients, 69 heterozygous carriers and 14 control samples revealed significant differences in the measured PPi levels between all three cohorts, although there was overlap between all groups. PXE patients had a ±50% reduction in PPi levels compared to controls. Similarly, we found a ±28% reduction in carriers. PPi levels were found to correlate with age in PXE patients and carriers, independent of the ABCC6 genotype. No correlations were found between PPi levels and the Phenodex scores. Our results suggest that other factors besides PPi are at play in ectopic mineralization, which limits the use of PPi as a predictive biomarker for severity and disease progression.
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25
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Gopinathan G, Luan X, Diekwisch TGH. Epigenetic Repression of RUNX2 and OSX Promoters Controls the Nonmineralized State of the Periodontal Ligament. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:201. [PMID: 36672941 PMCID: PMC9858805 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonmineralized state of the mammalian periodontal ligament is one of the hallmarks of vertebrate evolution as it provides resilient and nontraumatic tooth anchorage for effective predation. Here we sought to determine how the chromatin state of key mineralization gene promoters contributes to the nonmineralized periodontal ligament in the midst of fully mineralized alveolar bone and cementum anchor tissues. In developing mouse periodontal tissues, RUNX2 was localized to alveolar bone-lining cells, while OSX was localized throughout the periodontal ligament's soft tissue. Matching RT-PCR amplification data and western blot comparisons demonstrated that the expression of RUNX2 and OSX bone mineralization transcription factors was at least 2.5-fold elevated in alveolar bone osteoblasts versus periodontal ligament fibroblasts. ChIP enrichment data along the RUNX2 and OSX promoters revealed increased H3K4me3 marks in alveolar bone osteoblasts, while H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 marks were elevated in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. In support of an epigenetic mechanism responsible for the inhibition of mineralization gene expression in periodontal progenitors, histone methylation inhibitors DZNep and Chaetocin reactivated RUNX2 and OSX expression in periodontal progenitors and increased alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red, while the in vivo application of DZNep in rat maxillae resulted in aberrant mineralization in the periodontal ligament and a narrowing of the nonmineralized periodontal space. Together, these studies demonstrate that the nonmineralized state of the mammalian periodontal ligament is controlled by an epigenetic regulation of the RUNX2 and OSX key mineralization gene promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Gopinathan
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Xianghong Luan
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Thomas G. H. Diekwisch
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 625 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
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26
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Shah FA, Jolic M, Micheletti C, Omar O, Norlindh B, Emanuelsson L, Engqvist H, Engstrand T, Palmquist A, Thomsen P. Bone without borders – Monetite-based calcium phosphate guides bone formation beyond the skeletal envelope. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:103-114. [PMID: 35441115 PMCID: PMC9005875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphates (CaP) represent an important class of osteoconductive and osteoinductive biomaterials. As proof-of-concept, we show how a multi-component CaP formulation (monetite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and calcium pyrophosphate) guides osteogenesis beyond the physiological envelope. In a sheep model, hollow dome-shaped constructs were placed directly over the occipital bone. At 12 months, large amounts of bone (∼75%) occupy the hollow space with strong evidence of ongoing remodelling. Features of both compact bone (osteonal/osteon-like arrangements) and spongy bone (trabeculae separated by marrow cavities) reveal insights into function/need-driven microstructural adaptation. Pores within the CaP also contain both woven bone and vascularised lamellar bone. Osteoclasts actively contribute to CaP degradation/removal. Of the constituent phases, only calcium pyrophosphate persists within osseous (cutting cones) and non-osseous (macrophages) sites. From a translational perspective, this multi-component CaP opens up exciting new avenues for osteotomy-free and minimally-invasive repair of large bone defects and augmentation of the dental alveolar ridge. Dome-shaped hollow multi-component calcium phosphate (CaP) constructs were fabricated. CaP is 85% monetite, 8% beta-tricalcium phosphate, and 7% calcium pyrophosphate. CaP degrades in vivo and remodelled bone occupies the available extraskeletal space. CaP loses monetite to form carbonated apatite; calcium pyrophosphate found in tissues. Extraskeletal bone micro-/nanostructure and composition comparable to the native bone.
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Nagashima D, Ishibashi Y, Kawaguchi S, Furukawa M, Toho M, Ohno M, Nitto T, Izumo N. Human Recombinant Lactoferrin Promotes Differentiation and Calcification on MC3T3-E1 Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010060. [PMID: 36678689 PMCID: PMC9861834 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF), known to be present in mammalian milk, has been reported to promote the proliferation of osteoblasts and suppress bone resorption by affecting osteoclasts. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of human sources LF on osteoblast differentiation have not yet been elucidated, and almost studies have used LF from bovine sources. The presented study aimed to characterize the molecular mechanisms of bovine lactoferrin (IF-I) and human recombinant lactoferrin (LF-II) on MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with LF, ascorbic acid, and β-glycerophosphate (β-GP). Cell proliferation was analyzed using the MTT assay. Alkaline phosphatase activation and osteopontin expression levels were evaluated via cell staining and immunocytochemistry. The differentiation markers were examined using quantitative real-time PCR. The cell viability assay showed the treatment of 100 μg/mL LF significantly increased; however, it was suppressed by the simultaneous treatment of ascorbic acid and β-GP. Alizarin red staining showed that the 100 μg/mL treatment of LF enhanced calcification. Quantitative real-time PCR showed a significant increase in osterix expression. The results suggest that treatment with both LFs enhanced MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation and promoted calcification. The mechanisms of calcification suggest that LFs are affected by an increase in osterix and osteocalcin mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Nagashima
- General Health Medical Research Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
- Pharmaceutical Education Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ishibashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Megumi Furukawa
- Pharmaceutical Education Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Masahiro Toho
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | | | - Takeaki Nitto
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Nobuo Izumo
- General Health Medical Research Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-859-1300
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28
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Sadhukhan S, Mehta P, Rajender S, Gupta SK, Chattopadhyay N. Proposing a clinical algorithm for better diagnosis of hypophosphatasia in resource-limiting situations. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:2479-2493. [PMID: 35776147 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of hypophosphatasia (HPP) is challenging. Here, we propose to broaden the diagnostic criteria of HPP by reviewing published data on BMD and fractures in HPP patients. Non-osteoporotic fractures and higher than normal lumbar BMD were recurrent in HPP patients and could be included as diagnostic criteria. HPP is a genetic disorder caused by autosomal recessive or dominant loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL gene that encodes for tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Expressive genetic heterogeneity and varying severity of TNSALP deficiency lead to a wide-ranging presentation of skeletal diseases at different ages that coupled with HPP's rarity and limitation of biochemical and mutational studies present serious hurdles to early diagnosis and management of HPP. To widen the scope of HPP diagnosis, we assessed the possibility of areal bone mineral density (BMD) as an additional clinical feature of this disease. PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were searched with the following keywords: ("Hypophosphatasia OR HPP") AND ("Bone Mineral Density OR BMD") AND "Human". Studies and case reports of subjects with age ≥ 18 years and having BMD data were included. We pooled data from 25 publications comprising 356 subjects (90 males, 266 females). Only four studies had a control group. Biochemical hallmarks, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and phosphoethanolamine (PEA), were reported in fifteen and six studies, respectively. Twenty studies reported genetic data, nineteen studies reported non-vertebral fractures, all studies reported lumbar spine (LS) BMD, and nineteen reported non-vertebral BMD. Higher than normal and normal BMD at LS were reported in three and two studies, respectively. There was marked heterogeneity in BMD at the non-vertebral sites. Higher than normal or normal LS BMD in an adult with minimal or insufficient fractures, pseudofractures, non-healing fractures, fragility fractures, and stress fractures may be included in the diagnostic protocol of HPP. However, genetic testing is recommended for a definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreyanko Sadhukhan
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Poonam Mehta
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Singh Rajender
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Gupta
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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29
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Molecular and biochemical approach for understanding the transition of amorphous to crystalline calcium phosphate deposits in human teeth. Dent Mater 2022; 38:2014-2029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lyu Z, Li H, Li X, Wang H, Jiao H, Wang X, Zhao J, Lin H. Fibroblast growth factor 23 inhibits osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of chicken bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102287. [PMID: 36442309 PMCID: PMC9706642 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a bone-derived hormone, is involved in the reabsorption of phosphate (P) and the production of vitamin D hormones in the kidney. However, whether and how FGF23 regulates chicken bone metabolism remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of FGF23 on osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of chicken bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). First, we found that the transcription of FGF23 was inhibited by β-glycerophosphate sodium (GPS, 5 mM, 10 mM, 20 mM) and 10-9 M 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1, 25(OH)2D3), but was stimulated by 10-7 M 1, 25(OH)2D3 and parathyroid hormone (PTH, 10-9 M, 10-8 M, 10-7 M). Second, overexpression of FGF23 by the FGF23 adenovirus (Adv-FGF23) suppressed the formation of mineralized nodules (P < 0.001) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (P < 0.05) in both differentiated and mineralized osteoblasts. Administration of FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3) inhibitor (50 nM) was sufficient to restore the FGF23-decreased ALP activity (P < 0.05), but not for the formation of mineralized nodules. In addition, the phosphorylation of ERK increased considerably with Adv-FGF23 overexpression (P < 0.05). Administration of an ERK-specific inhibitor (10 μM) could down-regulate the phosphorylation of ERK (P-ERK) (P < 0.05) and slightly restored the Adv-FGF23-reduction of ALP activity (P = 0.08). In summary, our data suggest that GPS, 1, 25(OH)2D3, and PTH could regulate FGF23 mRNA expression in vitro. FGF23 is a negative regulator of bone remodeling. FGF23 not only inhibits BMSCs osteogenesis through the FGFR3-ERK signaling pathway but also suppresses the mineralization of mature osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtian Lyu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Haifang Li
- Department of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
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31
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Buck A, Prade VM, Kunzke T, Erben RG, Walch A. Spatial metabolomics reveals upregulation of several pyrophosphate-producing pathways in cortical bone of Hyp mice. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e162138. [PMID: 36278488 PMCID: PMC9714788 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with the renal phosphate-wasting disease X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) and Hyp mice, the murine homolog of XLH, are characterized by loss-of-function mutations in phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked (PHEX), leading to excessive secretion of the bone-derived phosphotropic hormone FGF23. The mineralization defect in patients with XLH and Hyp mice is caused by a combination of hypophosphatemia and local accumulation of mineralization-inhibiting molecules in bone. However, the mechanism by which PHEX deficiency regulates bone cell metabolism remains elusive. Here, we used spatial metabolomics by employing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of undecalcified bone cryosections to characterize in situ metabolic changes in bones of Hyp mice in a holistic, unbiased manner. We found complex changes in Hyp bone metabolism, including perturbations in pentose phosphate, purine, pyrimidine, and phospholipid metabolism. Importantly, our study identified an upregulation of several biochemical pathways involved in intra- and extracellular production of the mineralization inhibitor pyrophosphate in the bone matrix of Hyp mice. Our data emphasize the utility of MSI-based spatial metabolomics in bone research and provide holistic in situ insights as to how Phex deficiency-induced changes in biochemical pathways in bone cells are linked to impaired bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Buck
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Verena M. Prade
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kunzke
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Reinhold G. Erben
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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32
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Dual peptide-functionalized hydrogels differentially control periodontal cell function and promote tissue regeneration. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213093. [PMID: 36067642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Restoring the tooth-supporting tissues lost during periodontitis is a significant clinical challenge, despite advances in both biomaterial and cell-based approaches. This study investigated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels functionalized with integrin-binding peptides RGD and GFOGER for controlling periodontal ligament cell (PDLC) activity and promoting periodontal tissue regeneration. Dual presentation of RGD and GFOGER within PEG hydrogels potentiated two key PDLC functions, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and matrix mineralization, over either peptide alone and could be tuned to differentially promote each function. Hydrogel matrix mineralization, fostered by high concentrations of GFOGER together with RGD, identified a PDLC phenotype with accelerated matrix adhesion formation and expression of cementoblast and osteoblast genes. In contrast, maximizing ALP activity through high RGD and low GFOGER levels resulted in minimal hydrogel mineralization, in part, through altered PDLC pyrophosphate regulation. Transplantation of PDLCs in hydrogels optimized for either outcome promoted cementum formation in rat periodontal defects; however, only hydrogels optimized for in vitro mineralization improved new bone formation. Overall, these results highlight the utility of engineered hydrogel systems for controlling PDLC functions and their promise for promoting periodontal tissue regeneration.
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33
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Licini C, Notarstefano V, Marchi S, Cerqueni G, Ciapetti G, Vitale‐Brovarone C, Giorgini E, Mattioli‐Belmonte M. Altered type I collagen networking in osteoporotic human femoral head revealed by histomorphometric and Fourier transform infrared imaging correlated analyses. Biofactors 2022; 48:1089-1110. [PMID: 35661288 PMCID: PMC9796100 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is the equilibrium between organic and inorganic components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells. Alteration of this balance has consequences on bone mass and architecture, resulting in conditions such as osteoporosis (OP). Given ECM protein mutual regulation and their effects on bone structure and mineralization, further insight into their expression is crucial to understanding bone biology under normal and pathological conditions. This study focused on Type I Collagen, which is mainly responsible for structural properties and mineralization of bone, and selected proteins implicated in matrix composition, mineral deposition, and cell-matrix interaction such as Decorin, Osteocalcin, Osteopontin, Bone Sialoprotein 2, Osteonectin and Transforming Growth Factor beta. We developed a novel multidisciplinary approach in order to assess bone matrix in healthy and OP conditions more comprehensively by exploiting the Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging (FTIRI) technique combined with histomorphometry, Sirius Red staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western Blotting. This innovatory procedure allowed for the analysis of superimposed tissue sections and revealed that the alterations in OP bone tissue architecture were associated with warped Type I Collagen structure and deposition but not with changes in the total protein amount. The detected changes in the expression and/or cooperative or antagonist role of Decorin, Osteocalcin, Osteopontin, and Bone Sialoprotein-2 indicate the deep impact of these NCPs on collagen features of OP bone. Overall, our strategy may represent a starting point for designing targeted clinical strategies aimed at bone mass preservation and sustain the FTIRI translational capability as upcoming support for traditional diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Licini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO)Università Politecnica delle MarcheAnconaItaly
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversità Politecnica delle MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO)Università Politecnica delle MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Giorgia Cerqueni
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO)Università Politecnica delle MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Gabriela Ciapetti
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology (NaBi)IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | | | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversità Politecnica delle MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Monica Mattioli‐Belmonte
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO)Università Politecnica delle MarcheAnconaItaly
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Physiological Mineralization during In Vitro Osteogenesis in a Biomimetic Spheroid Culture Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172702. [PMID: 36078105 PMCID: PMC9454617 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone health-targeting drug development strategies still largely rely on inferior 2D in vitro screenings. We aimed at developing a scaffold-free progenitor cell-based 3D biomineralization model for more physiological high-throughput screenings. MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were cultured in α-MEM with 10% FCS, at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for up to 28 days, in non-adherent V-shaped plates to form uniformly sized 3D spheroids. Osteogenic differentiation was induced by 10 mM β-glycerophosphate and 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid. Mineralization stages were assessed through studying expression of marker genes, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition by histochemistry. Mineralization quality was evaluated by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analyses and quantified by micro-CT analyses. Expression profiles of selected early- and late-stage osteoblast differentiation markers indicated a well-developed 3D biomineralization process with strongly upregulated Col1a1, Bglap and Alpl mRNA levels and type I collagen- and osteocalcin-positive immunohistochemistry (IHC). A dynamic biomineralization process with increasing mineral densities was observed during the second half of the culture period. SEM–Energy-Dispersive X-ray analyses (EDX) and FTIR ultimately confirmed a native bone-like hydroxyapatite mineral deposition ex vivo. We thus established a robust and versatile biomimetic, and high-throughput compatible, cost-efficient spheroid culture model with a native bone-like mineralization for improved pharmacological ex vivo screenings.
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35
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Ullah S, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Iqbal J. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Arylamide Sulphonate Derivatives as Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase-1 and -3 Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:26905-26918. [PMID: 35936461 PMCID: PMC9352230 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant level of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 and -3 is linked with numerous disorders, for instance, diabetes, cancer, osteoarthritis, chondrocalcinosis, and allergic reactions. These disorders may be cured or minimized by blocking the activity of ENPP1 and ENPP3 isozymes. In this study, arylamide sulphonates were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their capability to affect the activity of isozymes ENPP1 and ENPP3. Among the selective inhibitors of ENPP1, compounds 4f and 4q exhibited sub-micromolar IC50 values of 0.28 ± 0.08 and 0.37 ± 0.03 μM, respectively, followed by 7a, with IC50 equal to 0.81 ± 0.05 μM, whereas out of the selective inhibitors of isozyme ENPP3, 4t and 7d preferably lessened the activity to half of the maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.15 ± 0.04 and 0.16 ± 0.01 μM alternatively. In addition, many structures including 4c, 4g, 4k, 4l, 4n, 4o, 4r, 4s, 7b, 7c, and 7e inhibited the activity of both isozymes to a significant level. Enzyme kinetic study of compound 4j revealed an uncompetitive mode of inhibition of ENPP1 isozyme, while 7e competitively blocked the activity of ENPP3. Cell viability analysis revealed the compound 4o as a cytotoxic agent against MCF7 (human breast cancer cell line) with a percentage inhibition of 63.2 ± 2.51%, whereas compounds 4c, 4d, 4n, and 7d decreased the HeLa cell viability (human cervical cancer cell line) to more than 50%. The tested compounds were non-cytotoxic against HEK293 (a human embryonic kidney cell line). Molecular docking analysis of selected inhibitors of both isozymes produced optimistic interactions with the influential amino acids, such as Leu290, Lys295, Tyr340, Asp376, His380, and Pro323 of ENPP1, whereas residues Asn226, His329, Leu239, Tyr289, Pro272, Tyr320, and Ala205 of ENPP3 crystallographic structure formed interactions with the potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ullah
- Centre
for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University
Islamabad, Abbottabad
Campus, Abbottabad22060, Pakistan
- Department
of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad22060, Pakistan
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre
de Recherche Du CHU de Québec−Université Laval, QuébecG1V 4G2, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre
de Recherche Du CHU de Québec−Université Laval, QuébecG1V 4G2, QC, Canada
- Département
de Microbiologie-infectiologie et D’immunologie, Faculté
de Médecine, Université Laval, QuébecG1V 0A6, QC, Canada
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre
for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University
Islamabad, Abbottabad
Campus, Abbottabad22060, Pakistan
- Department
of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad22060, Pakistan
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36
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Collins MT, Marcucci G, Anders HJ, Beltrami G, Cauley JA, Ebeling PR, Kumar R, Linglart A, Sangiorgi L, Towler DA, Weston R, Whyte MP, Brandi ML, Clarke B, Thakker RV. Skeletal and extraskeletal disorders of biomineralization. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:473-489. [PMID: 35578027 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The physiological process of biomineralization is complex and deviation from it leads to a variety of diseases. Progress in the past 10 years has enhanced understanding of the genetic, molecular and cellular pathophysiology underlying these disorders; sometimes, this knowledge has both facilitated restoration of health and clarified the very nature of biomineralization as it occurs in humans. In this Review, we consider the principal regulators of mineralization and crystallization, and how dysregulation of these processes can lead to human disease. The knowledge acquired to date and gaps still to be filled are highlighted. The disorders of mineralization discussed comprise a broad spectrum of conditions that encompass bone disorders associated with alterations of mineral quantity and quality, as well as disorders of extraskeletal mineralization (hyperphosphataemic familial tumoural calcinosis). Included are disorders of alkaline phosphatase (hypophosphatasia) and phosphate homeostasis (X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets, fluorosis, rickets and osteomalacia). Furthermore, crystallopathies are covered as well as arterial and renal calcification. This Review discusses the current knowledge of biomineralization derived from basic and clinical research and points to future studies that will lead to new therapeutic approaches for biomineralization disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Collins
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Gemma Marcucci
- Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanni Beltrami
- Department Paediatric Orthopedic Oncology, Careggi and Meyer Children Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Agnès Linglart
- APHP, Endocrinologie et diabète de l'enfant, Paris, France
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Medical Genetics and Skeletal Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dwight A Towler
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ria Weston
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P Whyte
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children-St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Bart Clarke
- Mayo Clinic Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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37
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Pelttari S, Väärämäki S, Vanakker O, Verschuere S, Uusitalo H, Huhtala H, Hinkka T, Pörsti I, Nevalainen PI. Various vascular malformations are prevalent in Finnish pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) patients: a national registry study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:185. [PMID: 35525997 PMCID: PMC9077871 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02341-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE, OMIM# 264800) is an inborn error of metabolism causing ectopic soft tissue calcification due to low plasma pyrophosphate concentration. We aimed to assess the prevalence of PXE in Finland and to characterize the Finnish PXE population. A nationwide registry search was performed to identify patients with ICD-10 code Q82.84. Information was gathered from available medical records which were requisitioned from hospitals and health centers. Misdiagnosed patients and patients with insufficient records were excluded. Results The prevalence of PXE in Finland was 1:260,000 with equal sex distribution. Patients with high conventional cardiovascular risk had more visual and vascular complications than patients with low risk. Four patients (19%) had at least one vascular malformation. A high proportion (33%) of ABCC6 genotypes were of the common homozygous c.3421C > T, p.Arg1141Ter variant. Nine other homozygous or compound heterozygous allelic variants were found. Conclusions The prevalence of diagnosed PXE appears to be lower in Finland than in estimates from other countries. Decreased visual acuity is the most prevalent complication. We suggest that various vascular malformations may be an unrecognized feature of PXE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saku Pelttari
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi Väärämäki
- Centre for Vascular Surgery and Interventional Radiology, Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olivier Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shana Verschuere
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannu Uusitalo
- SILK, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Tays Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tero Hinkka
- Centre for Vascular Surgery and Interventional Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Pörsti
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33521, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pasi I Nevalainen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33521, Tampere, Finland.
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38
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Villa-Bellosta R. Role of the extracellular ATP/pyrophosphate metabolism cycle in vascular calcification. Purinergic Signal 2022:10.1007/s11302-022-09867-1. [PMID: 35511317 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, ATP is considered to be the principal energy source in cells. However, over the last few years, a novel role for ATP as a potent extracellular signaling molecule and the principal source of extracellular pyrophosphate, the main endogenous inhibitor of vascular calcification, has emerged. A large body of evidence suggests that two principal mechanisms are involved in the initiation and progression of ectopic calcification: high phosphate concentration and pyrophosphate deficiency. Pathologic calcification of cardiovascular structures, or vascular calcification, is a feature of several genetic diseases and a common complication of chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and aging. Previous studies have shown that the loss of function of several enzymes and transporters involved in extracellular ATP/pyrophosphate metabolism is associated with vascular calcification. Therefore, pyrophosphate homeostasis should be further studied to facilitate the design of novel therapeutic approaches for ectopic calcification of cardiovascular structures, including strategies to increase pyrophosphate concentrations by targeting the ATP/pyrophosphate metabolism cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Villa-Bellosta
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Av Barcelona, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Plaza do Obradoiro s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Bispo DC, Jesus CSH, Correia M, Ferreira F, Bonifazio G, Goodfellow BJ, Oliveira MB, Mano JF, Gil AM. NMR Metabolomics Assessment of Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:654-670. [PMID: 35061379 PMCID: PMC9776527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This Article presents, for the first time to our knowledge, an untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic characterization of the polar intracellular metabolic adaptations of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic differentiation. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone regeneration is a promising alternative to conventional bone grafts, and untargeted metabolomics may unveil novel metabolic information on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, allowing their behavior to be understood and monitored/guided toward effective therapies. Our results unveiled statistically relevant changes in the levels of just over 30 identified metabolites, illustrating a highly dynamic process with significant variations throughout the whole 21-day period of osteogenic differentiation, mainly involving amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis; energy metabolism and the roles of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation; cell membrane metabolism; nucleotide metabolism (including the specific involvement of O-glycosylation intermediates and NAD+); and metabolic players in protective antioxidative mechanisms (such as glutathione and specific amino acids). Different metabolic stages are proposed and are supported by putative biochemical explanations for the metabolite changes observed. This work lays the groundwork for the use of untargeted NMR metabolomics to find potential metabolic markers of osteogenic differentiation efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela
S. C. Bispo
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina S. H. Jesus
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marlene Correia
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Ferreira
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Giulia Bonifazio
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal,Department
of Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University
of Pavia, Corso Str.
Nuova, 65, 27100 Pavia PV, Italy
| | - Brian J. Goodfellow
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana B. Oliveira
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Gil
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal,
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Sirikul W, Siri-Angkul N, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Osteoporosis: Evidence from Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052500. [PMID: 35269640 PMCID: PMC8909928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronic debilitating disease caused by imbalanced bone remodeling processes that impair the structural integrity of bone. Over the last ten years, the association between fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and osteoporosis has been studied in both pre-clinical and clinical investigations. FGF23 is a bone-derived endocrine factor that regulates mineral homeostasis via the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs)/αKlotho complex. These receptors are expressed in kidney and the parathyroid gland. Preclinical studies have supported the link between the local actions of FGF23 on the bone remodeling processes. In addition, clinical evidence regarding the effects of FGF23 on bone mass and fragility fractures suggest potential diagnostic and prognostic applications of FGF23 in clinical contexts, particularly in elderly and patients with chronic kidney disease. However, inconsistent findings exist and there are areas of uncertainty requiring exploration. This review comprehensively summarizes and discusses preclinical and clinical reports on the roles of FGF23 on osteoporosis, with an emphasis on the local action, as opposed to the systemic action, of FGF23 on the bone. Current gaps in knowledge and future research directions are also suggested to encourage further rigorous research in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachiranun Sirikul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Natthaphat Siri-Angkul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.S.-A.); (N.C.)
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.S.-A.); (N.C.)
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.S.-A.); (N.C.)
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-944-451; Fax: +66-53-222-844
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Sugiyama Y, Watanabe T, Tajika M, Matsuhashi T, Shimura M, Fushimi T, Ichimoto K, Matsunaga A, Ebihara T, Tsuruoka T, Akiyama T, Murayama K. A Japanese single-center experience of the efficacy and safety of asfotase alfa in pediatric-onset hypophosphatasia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:78. [PMID: 35197081 PMCID: PMC8867653 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the ALPL gene, which encodes tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. The severity of HPP is widely diverse from the perinatal form to the adult mild form. The former represents the most severe form and was earlier associated with high mortality due to pneumonia which was caused by severe hypomineralization of the bones—such as chest deformity and fractured ribs—and muscle weakness. Enzyme replacement therapy using asfotase alfa (AA) was approved in 2015 in Japan for treating patients with HPP and has improved their pulmonary function and life prognosis. There are several practical and ethical challenges related to using orphan drugs for a rare disorder in a publicly funded healthcare system. Sharing experiences about their application is essential towards formulating guidelines to assist clinicians with decisions about their initiation and withdrawal. We report the details of AA experience in ten cases of pediatric-onset HPP in nine families from January 2015 to November 2019 (median [interquartile range] age 11.0 [7.6–12.5] years; 60% male). This is a study of a single-center cohort describing the clinical course of patients with HPP, mainly consisting of the mild childhood form of HPP, treated with AA in Japan. Results One case of perinatal form of HPP, two cases of benign prenatal form, and seven cases of childhood form were observed. The most common symptom at onset was pain. All patients had low serum alkaline phosphatase levels as compared to the age-matched reference range before the commencement of AA. All HPP patients seem to have responded to AA treatment, as evidenced by pain alleviation, increased height standard deviation, improvement in respiratory condition and 6-min walk test result improvement, disappearance of kidney calcification, alleviation of fatigue, and/or increases in bone mineralization. There were no serious adverse events, but all patients had an injection site reaction and skin changes at the injection sites. Genetic analysis showed that eight out of ten patients had compound heterozygosity. Conclusions AA may be effective in patients with mild to severe pediatric-onset forms of HPP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02230-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sugiyama
- Center for Medical Genetics, Chiba Children's Hospital, 579-1 Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, 266-0007, Japan.,Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taijiro Watanabe
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makiko Tajika
- Center for Medical Genetics, Chiba Children's Hospital, 579-1 Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, 266-0007, Japan.,Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsuhashi
- Center for Medical Genetics, Chiba Children's Hospital, 579-1 Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, 266-0007, Japan.,Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Shimura
- Center for Medical Genetics, Chiba Children's Hospital, 579-1 Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, 266-0007, Japan.,Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Fushimi
- Center for Medical Genetics, Chiba Children's Hospital, 579-1 Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, 266-0007, Japan.,Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiko Ichimoto
- Center for Medical Genetics, Chiba Children's Hospital, 579-1 Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, 266-0007, Japan.,Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayako Matsunaga
- Center for Medical Genetics, Chiba Children's Hospital, 579-1 Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, 266-0007, Japan.,Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ebihara
- Center for Medical Genetics, Chiba Children's Hospital, 579-1 Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, 266-0007, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tsuruoka
- Center for Medical Genetics, Chiba Children's Hospital, 579-1 Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, 266-0007, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akiyama
- Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama city, Okayama Prefecture, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Center for Medical Genetics, Chiba Children's Hospital, 579-1 Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, 266-0007, Japan. .,Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
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42
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Du T, Niu Y, Jia Z, Liu Y, Qiao A, Yang H, Niu X. Orthophosphate and alkaline phosphatase induced the formation of apatite with different multilayered structures and mineralization balance. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1814-1825. [PMID: 35037677 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06016c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mineralized collagen is a natural organic-inorganic composite. The combination of organic collagen and inorganic apatite to form different nanostructures is the key to producing bone substitutes with biomechanical properties that are as identical to normal bone as possible. However, the formation of apatite with different nanostructures during collagen mineralization is unexplored. Here, pyrophosphate (Pyro-P), as an important hydrolysate of adenosine triphosphate in the body, was introduced to prepare mineralized collagen under the regulation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and orthophosphate (Ortho-P). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that mineralized collagen, which combined with different crystallinities and multilayered structured apatite, was successfully prepared. A combination of ion chromatography (IC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and thermogravimetry (TG) analyses revealed the crucial role of Ortho-P in the formation of multilayered flower-shaped apatite with different crystallinities and in the maintenance of mineralization balance. Mineralization balance is of great significance for maintaining normal bone morphology during bone regeneration. Overall, our results provide a promising method to produce new bone substitute materials for the repair of large bone defects and a deeper insight into the mechanisms of biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Du
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Yumiao Niu
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Youjun Liu
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Aike Qiao
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Haisheng Yang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xufeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Mace ML, Gravesen E, Nordholm A, Egstrand S, Morevati M, Olgaard K, Lewin E. The calcified vasculature in chronic kidney disease secretes factors that inhibit bone mineralization. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10610. [PMID: 35434452 PMCID: PMC9009125 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anders Nordholm
- Department of Nephrology Rigshospitalet
- Department of Nephrology Herlev Hospital University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Soeren Egstrand
- Department of Nephrology Rigshospitalet
- Department of Nephrology Herlev Hospital University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | | | - Ewa Lewin
- Department of Nephrology Rigshospitalet
- Department of Nephrology Herlev Hospital University of Copenhagen Denmark
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Enzymatic Approach in Calcium Phosphate Biomineralization: A Contribution to Reconcile the Physicochemical with the Physiological View. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312957. [PMID: 34884758 PMCID: PMC8657759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is the process by which organisms produce hard inorganic matter from soft tissues with outstanding control of mineral deposition in time and space. For this purpose, organisms deploy a sophisticated "toolkit" that has resulted in significant evolutionary innovations, for which calcium phosphate (CaP) is the biomineral selected for the skeleton of vertebrates. While CaP mineral formation in aqueous media can be investigated by studying thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transitions in supersaturated solutions, biogenic mineralization requires coping with the inherent complexity of biological systems. This mainly includes compartmentalization and homeostatic processes used by organisms to regulate key physiological factors, including temperature, pH and ion concentration. A detailed analysis of the literature shows the emergence of two main views describing the mechanism of CaP biomineralization. The first one, more dedicated to the study of in vivo systems and supported by researchers in physiology, often involves matrix vesicles (MVs). The second one, more investigated by the physicochemistry community, involves collagen intrafibrillar mineralization particularly through in vitro acellular models. Herein, we show that there is an obvious need in the biological systems to control both where and when the mineral forms through an in-depth survey of the mechanism of CaP mineralization. This necessity could gather both communities of physiologists and physicochemists under a common interest for an enzymatic approach to better describe CaP biomineralization. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous enzymatic catalyses are conceivable for these systems, and a few preliminary promising results on CaP mineralization for both types of enzymatic catalysis are reported in this work. Through them, we aim to describe the relevance of our point of view and the likely findings that could be obtained when adding an enzymatic approach to the already rich and creative research field dealing with CaP mineralization. This complementary approach could lead to a better understanding of the biomineralization mechanism and inspire the biomimetic design of new materials.
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Bhattacharyya K, Sen D, Laskar P, Saha T, Kundu G, Ghosh Chaudhuri A, Ganguly S. Pathophysiological effects of cadmium(II) on human health-a critical review. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 34:249-261. [PMID: 34766742 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium(II) is an omnipresent environmental toxicant emitted from various industrial sources and by anthropogenic sources such as smoking. Cadmium(II) enters our body through various sources including contaminated food and drinks and from active or passive smoking. It spares no organs in our body and the calamities it invites include primarily nephrotoxicity, osteotoxicity, teratogenicity, endocrine disruption, hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity above all. It brings about a bolt from the blue in the cellular biochemistry by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupting the factors involved in the repair of DNA lesions and many other toxic nuisances otherwise by modulating the cell signalling machinery and acting as a potent carcinogen above all. In this review, we have tried to decipher some of the mechanisms played by cadmium(II) in exhibiting its toxic effects on various system of our body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debrup Sen
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Payel Laskar
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tania Saha
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Gautam Kundu
- Principal, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Subhadeep Ganguly
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Sekaran S, Vimalraj S, Thangavelu L. The Physiological and Pathological Role of Tissue Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase beyond Mineralization. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1564. [PMID: 34827562 PMCID: PMC8615537 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is a key enzyme responsible for skeletal tissue mineralization. It is involved in the dephosphorylation of various physiological substrates, and has vital physiological functions, including extra-skeletal functions, such as neuronal development, detoxification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an anti-inflammatory role, bile pH regulation, and the maintenance of the blood brain barrier (BBB). TNAP is also implicated in ectopic pathological calcification of soft tissues, especially the vasculature. Although it is the crucial enzyme in mineralization of skeletal and dental tissues, it is a logical clinical target to attenuate vascular calcification. Various tools and studies have been developed to inhibit its activity to arrest soft tissue mineralization. However, we should not neglect its other physiological functions prior to therapies targeting TNAP. Therefore, a better understanding into the mechanisms mediated by TNAP is needed for minimizing off targeted effects and aid in the betterment of various pathological scenarios. In this review, we have discussed the mechanism of mineralization and functions of TNAP beyond its primary role of hard tissue mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Sekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India;
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Effect of Azithromycin on Mineralized Nodule Formation in MC3T3-E1 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1451-1459. [PMID: 34698079 PMCID: PMC8929154 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Azithromycin displays immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and is used to treat inflammatory diseases, including respiratory and odontogenic infections. Few studies have reported the effect of azithromycin therapy on bone remodeling processes. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of azithromycin on the osteogenic function of osteoblasts using osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Cells were cultured in the presence of 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL azithromycin, and cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity were determined. In vitro mineralized nodule formation was detected with alizarin red staining. The expression of collagenous and non-collagenous bone matrix protein was determined using real-time PCR or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In cells cultured with 10 µg/mL azithromycin, the ALPase activity and mineralized nodule formation decreased, while the type I collagen, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and osteopontin mRNA expression as well as osteopontin and phosphorylated osteopontin levels increased. These results suggest that a high azithromycin concentration (10 µg/mL) suppresses mineralized nodule formation by decreasing ALPase activity and increasing osteopontin production, whereas low concentrations (≤l.0 µg/mL) have no effect on osteogenic function in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.
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Liang Y, Hu Z, Li Q, Liu X. Pyrophosphate inhibits periodontal ligament stem cell differentiation and mineralization through MAPK signaling pathways. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:982-990. [PMID: 34142719 PMCID: PMC10018283 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are the primary cell source for the regeneration and remodeling of periodontal ligament (PDL). It is crucial to prevent PDLSCs from mineralization when using the PDLSCs for PDL regeneration. At present, little is known about how to inhibit PDLSC mineralization. This study investigates the effects of pyrophosphate (PPi) on inhibiting PDLSC osteogenic differentiation and mineralization as well as the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human PDLSCs were cultured in an osteogenic differentiation medium with different PPi concentrations (0, 10, or 100 μM). The effects of PPi on osteogenic differentiation were assessed by ALP activity and the expressions of osteogenic related proteins (OPN, RUNX2, OSX, and DMP1). The mineralization formation was detected by alizarin red staining. The activation of MAPK signaling pathways (ERK1/2, JNK, and p38) was determined by western blotting and pathway blockade assays. The gene expressions of PPi's regulators (Ank, Enpp1, and Alpl) were assessed by real-time PCR. RESULTS Both low and high concentrations (10 μM and 100 μM) of PPi inhibited the mineralization of PDLSCs. The addition of PPi (10 μM or 100 μM) decreased the ALP activity of the PDLSCs to approximately two-thirds of the control group on day 3. PPi reduced the expressions of RUNX2, OSX, and DMP1 on days 7, 14, and 21, while it increased the expression of OPN at the three time points. PPi enhanced the phosphorylation of MAPK pathways, and the application of corresponding MAPK pathway inhibitors reversed the osteogenic inhibition effects of PPi. CONCLUSION PPi inhibits the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of PDLSCs in vitro through activating ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxi Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhiai Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are cell-signaling proteins with diverse functions in cell development, repair, and metabolism. The human FGF family consists of 22 structurally related members, which can be classified into three separate groups based on their action of mechanisms, namely: intracrine, paracrine/autocrine, and endocrine FGF subfamilies. FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23 belong to the hormone-like/endocrine FGF subfamily. These endocrine FGFs are mainly associated with the regulation of cell metabolic activities such as homeostasis of lipids, glucose, energy, bile acids, and minerals (phosphate/active vitamin D). Endocrine FGFs function through a unique protein family called klotho. Two members of this family, α-klotho, or β-klotho, act as main cofactors which can scaffold to tether FGF19/21/23 to their receptor(s) (FGFRs) to form an active complex. There are ongoing studies pertaining to the structure and mechanism of these individual ternary complexes. These studies aim to provide potential insights into the physiological and pathophysiological roles and therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the history, structure–function relationship(s), downstream signaling, physiological roles, and future perspectives on endocrine FGFs.
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Effects of Bacillus subtilis on Production Performance, Bone Physiological Property, and Hematology Indexes in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072041. [PMID: 34359169 PMCID: PMC8300237 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to breeding for high egg production, laying hens are at great risk for developing osteoporosis. To develop an effective feed additive for reducing the bone damage and associated pain and economic loss has become a critical issue affecting the poultry industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtills as a feed supplement on production performance and bone pathophysiological characteristics of laying hens. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis increases marketable eggs, protects bone health, changes the distribution of phosphorus between blood and bone, and increases estrogen but decreases interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations in blood. Results indicate that Bacillus subtilis can be used as a dietary supplement to increase marketable egg production and bone health of laying hens by inhibiting gut and systemic inflammation via the microbiota-gut-immune and the microbiota-gut-bone axes. Abstract This study was to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis on production performance and bone pathophysiological characteristics of layers. Twenty-four 48-week-old Lohmann Pink-shell laying hens were randomly divided into two groups: a basic diet (control) and the basic diet mixed with Bacillus subtilis (0.5 g/kg) for a 60-day trial. Statistically, independent-sample t-test was used to assess the treatment differences. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis supplementation improved the percent of marketable eggs (p < 0.05) with reduced numbers of broken and soft-shelled eggs but had no effects on egg weight, height of albumen, yolk color, and Haugh unit (p > 0.05). Bacillus subtilis supplement also elevated maximum load (p = 0.06), maximum stress (p = 0.01), stiffness (p < 0.01), and Young’s modulus (p < 0.01) but suppressed maximum strain (p = 0.06) in the femur. In addition, compared with control birds, phosphorous concentration (p < 0.01) was reduced in serum at day 61 but increased in the femur (p < 0.05) in Bacillus subtilis fed birds. Bacillus subtilis fed birds also had lower magnesium concentrations in both femur (p = 0.04) and feces (p = 0.09). Furthermore, Bacillus subtilis increased plasma estrogen concentration (p = 0.01) and femur TNF receptor superfamily member 11b (OPG) expression (p < 0.05) but reduced plasma IL-1 (p < 0.01) and TNF-α (p < 0.01) concentrations. These results indicate that Bacillus subtilis could be used as a health promotor to reduce overproduction-induced inflammation and associated bone damage and to increase marketable egg production. The data provide evidence for developing a management strategy to use Bacillus subtilis as a feed additive to improve marketable egg production and health and welfare status of laying hens.
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