1
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Slezina MP, Odintsova TI. Plant Antimicrobial Peptides: Insights into Structure-Function Relationships for Practical Applications. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3674-3704. [PMID: 37185763 PMCID: PMC10136942 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short polypeptide molecules produced by multicellular organisms that are involved in host defense and microbiome preservation. In recent years, AMPs have attracted attention as novel drug candidates. However, their successful use requires detailed knowledge of the mode of action and identification of the determinants of biological activity. In this review, we focused on structure-function relationships in the thionins, α-hairpinins, hevein-like peptides, and the unique Ib-AMP peptides isolated from Impatiens balsamina. We summarized the available data on the amino acid sequences and 3D structure of peptides, their biosynthesis, and their biological activity. Special attention was paid to the determination of residues that play a key role in the activity and the identification of the minimal active cores. We have shown that even subtle changes in amino acid sequences can affect the biological activity of AMPs, which opens up the possibility of creating molecules with improved properties, better therapeutic efficacy, and cheaper large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P Slezina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Barashkova AS, Ryazantsev DY, Rogozhin EA. Rational Design of Plant Hairpin-like Peptide EcAMP1: Structural-Functional Correlations to Reveal Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113554. [PMID: 35684491 PMCID: PMC9182383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant antimicrobial peptides from the α-hairpinins family (hairpin-like peptides) are known to possess a wide range of biological activities. However, less is known about the structural determinants of their antimicrobial activity. Here, we suggest that spatial structure as well as surface charge and hydrophobicity level contribute to the antimicrobial properties of α-hairpinin EcAMP1 from barnyard grass (Echinochloa cruss-galli) seeds. To examine the role of the peptide spatial structure, two truncated forms of EcAMP1 restricted by inner and outer cysteine pairs were synthesized. It was shown that both truncated forms of EcAMP1 lost their antibacterial activity. In addition, their antifungal activity became weaker. To review the contribution of surface charge and hydrophobicity, another two peptides were designed. One of them carried single amino acid substitution from tryptophan to alanine residue at the 20th position. The second one represented a truncated form of the native EcAMP1 lacking six C-terminal residues. But the α-helix was kept intact. It was shown that the antifungal activity of both modified peptides weakened. Thereby we can conclude that the secondary structural integrity, hydrophobic properties, and surface charge all play roles in the antimicrobial properties of α-hairpinins. In addition, the antibacterial activity of cereal α-hairpinins against Gram-positive bacteria was described for the first time. This study expands on the knowledge of structure–function interactions in antimicrobial α-hairpinins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Barashkova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RAS), ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.B.); (D.Y.R.)
| | - Dmitry Y. Ryazantsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RAS), ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.B.); (D.Y.R.)
| | - Eugene A. Rogozhin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RAS), ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.B.); (D.Y.R.)
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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3
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Foo AC, Nesbit JB, Gipson SA, Cheng H, Bushel P, DeRose EF, Schein CH, Teuber SS, Hurlburt BK, Maleki SJ, Mueller GA. Structure, Immunogenicity, and IgE Cross-Reactivity among Walnut and Peanut Vicilin-Buried Peptides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2389-2400. [PMID: 35139305 PMCID: PMC8959100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Vicilin-buried peptides (VBPs) from edible plants are derived from the N-terminal leader sequences (LSs) of seed storage proteins. VBPs are defined by a common α-hairpin fold mediated by conserved CxxxCx(10-14)CxxxC motifs. Here, peanut and walnut VBPs were characterized as potential mediators of both peanut/walnut allergenicity and cross-reactivity despite their low (∼17%) sequence identity. The structures of one peanut (AH1.1) and 3 walnut (JR2.1, JR2.2, JR2.3) VBPs were solved using solution NMR, revealing similar α-hairpin structures stabilized by disulfide bonds with high levels of surface similarity. Peptide microarrays identified several peptide sequences primarily on AH1.1 and JR2.1, which were recognized by peanut-, walnut-, and dual-allergic patient IgE, establishing these peanut and walnut VBPs as potential mediators of allergenicity and cross-reactivity. JR2.2 and JR2.3 displayed extreme resilience against endosomal digestion, potentially hindering epitope generation and likely contributing to their reduced allergic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C.Y. Foo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr, MD-MR01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27615
| | - Jacqueline B. Nesbit
- US Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70122
| | - Stephen A.Y. Gipson
- US Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70122
| | - Hsiaopo Cheng
- US Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70122
| | - Pierre Bushel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr, MD-MR01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27615
| | - Eugene F. DeRose
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr, MD-MR01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27615
| | - Catherine H. Schein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Suzanne S. Teuber
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, 2315 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Barry K. Hurlburt
- US Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70122
| | - Soheila J. Maleki
- US Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70122
| | - Geoffrey A. Mueller
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr, MD-MR01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27615
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4
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Moradi M, Golmohammadi R, Najafi A, Moosazadeh Moghaddam M, Fasihi-Ramandi M, Mirnejad R. In Silico Analysis of Inhibiting Papain-like Protease from SARS-CoV-2 by Using Plant-Derived Peptides. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021; 28:24. [PMID: 34903959 PMCID: PMC8655715 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a corona virus that has been the cause for one of the deadliest pandemics of history, started since 2019. Suppressing the activity of the critical enzymes in the SARS-CoV-2 could potentially inhibit a vital step in viral life cycle. Papain-like protease (PLpro) could be regarded as a critical enzyme in viral replication of SARS-CoV-2. In this research, it was aimed to suppress the activity of PLpro enzyme by using potential plant-derived protease inhibitor peptides. For this purpose, 11 plant derived peptides that could potentially inhibit protease activity were selected from literature. The structures of the PLpro and the peptide ligands were acquired from PDB (protein data bank) and after structural optimization, were docked by using HADDOCK 2.4 program. Analyzing the results indicated that VcTI from Veronica hederifolia provides effective molecular interactions at both liable Zn site and classic active site of PLpro, making it a potential inhibitory ligand for this enzyme that could be used for halting the replication of SARS-CoV-2. Molecular dynamic assay confirmed that the selected receptor and ligand complex was stable. Future in vitro and in vivo investigations are required to verify the efficiency of this compound as a potential therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2 infection. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10989-021-10331-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moradi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Golmohammadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Najafi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Parthasarathy A, Borrego EJ, Savka MA, Dobson RCJ, Hudson AO. Amino acid-derived defense metabolites from plants: A potential source to facilitate novel antimicrobial development. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100438. [PMID: 33610552 PMCID: PMC8024917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For millennia, humanity has relied on plants for its medicines, and modern pharmacology continues to reexamine and mine plant metabolites for novel compounds and to guide improvements in biological activity, bioavailability, and chemical stability. The critical problem of antibiotic resistance and increasing exposure to viral and parasitic diseases has spurred renewed interest into drug treatments for infectious diseases. In this context, an urgent revival of natural product discovery is globally underway with special attention directed toward the numerous and chemically diverse plant defensive compounds such as phytoalexins and phytoanticipins that combat herbivores, microbial pathogens, or competing plants. Moreover, advancements in “omics,” chemistry, and heterologous expression systems have facilitated the purification and characterization of plant metabolites and the identification of possible therapeutic targets. In this review, we describe several important amino acid–derived classes of plant defensive compounds, including antimicrobial peptides (e.g., defensins, thionins, and knottins), alkaloids, nonproteogenic amino acids, and phenylpropanoids as potential drug leads, examining their mechanisms of action, therapeutic targets, and structure–function relationships. Given their potent antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral properties, which can be superior to existing drugs, phytoalexins and phytoanticipins are an excellent resource to facilitate the rational design and development of antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anutthaman Parthasarathy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Eli J Borrego
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Michael A Savka
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Renwick C J Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - André O Hudson
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA.
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6
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Payne CD, Vadlamani G, Fisher MF, Zhang J, Clark RJ, Mylne JS, Rosengren KJ. Defining the Familial Fold of the Vicilin-Buried Peptide Family. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3030-3040. [PMID: 32997497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants and their seeds have been shown to be a rich source of cystine-stabilized peptides. Recently a new family of plant seed peptides whose sequences are buried within precursors for seed storage vicilins was identified. Members of this Vicilin-Buried Peptide (VBP) family are found in distantly related plant species including the monocot date palm, as well as dicotyledonous species like pumpkin and sesame. Genetic evidence for their widespread occurrence indicates that they are of ancient origin. Limited structural studies have been conducted on VBP family members, but two members have been shown to adopt a helical hairpin fold. We present an extensive characterization of VBPs using solution NMR spectroscopy, to better understand their structural features. Four peptides were produced by solid phase peptide synthesis and shown to favor a helix-loop-helix hairpin fold, as a result of the I-IV/II-III ladderlike connectivity of their disulfide bonds. Interhelical interactions, including hydrophobic contacts and salt bridges, are critical for the fold stability and control the angle at which the antiparallel α-helices interface. Activities reported for VBPs include trypsin inhibitory activity and inhibition of ribosomal function; however, their diverse structural features despite a common fold suggest that additional bioactivities yet to be revealed are likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton D Payne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Richard J Clark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | | | - K Johan Rosengren
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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7
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Slavokhotova AA, Rogozhin EA. Defense Peptides From the α-Hairpinin Family Are Components of Plant Innate Immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:465. [PMID: 32391035 PMCID: PMC7191063 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant immunity represents a sophisticated system, including both basal and inducible mechanisms, to prevent pathogen infection. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are among the innate immunity components playing a key role in effective and rapid response against various pathogens. This review is devoted to a small family of defense peptides called α-hairpinins. The general characters of the family, as well as the individual features of each member, including biological activities, structures of precursor proteins, and spatial structures, are described. Possible applications of α-hairpinin peptides in drug design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Slavokhotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene A. Rogozhin
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg-Pushkin, Russia
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Lee HS, Postan M, Song A, Clark RJ, Bathgate RAD, Haugaard-Kedström LM, Rosengren KJ. Development of Relaxin-3 Agonists and Antagonists Based on Grafted Disulfide-Stabilized Scaffolds. Front Chem 2020; 8:87. [PMID: 32133341 PMCID: PMC7039932 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Relaxin-3 is a neuropeptide with important roles in metabolism, arousal, learning and memory. Its cognate receptor is the relaxin family peptide-3 (RXFP3) receptor. Relaxin-3 agonist and antagonist analogs have been shown to be able to modulate food intake in rodent models. The relaxin-3 B-chain is sufficient for receptor interactions, however, in the absence of a structural support, linear relaxin-3 B-chain analogs are rapidly degraded and thus unsuitable as drug leads. In this study, two different disulfide-stabilized scaffolds were used for grafting of important relaxin-3 B-chain residues to improve structure and stability. The use of both Veronica hederifolia Trypsin inhibitor (VhTI) and apamin grafting resulted in agonist and antagonist analogs with improved helicity. VhTI grafted peptides showed poor binding and low potency at RXFP3, on the other hand, apamin variants retained significant activity. These variants also showed improved half-life in serum from ~5 min to >6 h, and thus are promising RXFP3 specific pharmacological tools and drug leads for neuropharmacological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Siean Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Postan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Angela Song
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard J Clark
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross A D Bathgate
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda M Haugaard-Kedström
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - K Johan Rosengren
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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9
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Hellinger R, Gruber CW. Peptide-based protease inhibitors from plants. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1877-1889. [PMID: 31170506 PMCID: PMC6753016 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteases have an important role in homeostasis, and dysregulation of protease function can lead to pathogenesis. Therefore, proteases are promising drug targets in cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative disease research. Although there are well-established pharmaceuticals on the market, drug development for proteases is challenging. This is often caused by the limited selectivity of currently available lead compounds. Proteinaceous plant protease inhibitors are a diverse family of (poly)peptides that are important to maintain physiological homeostasis and to serve the innate defense machinery of the plant. In this review, we provide an overview of the diversity of plant peptide- and protein-based protease inhibitors (PIs), provide examples of such compounds that target human proteases, and discuss opportunities for these molecules in protease drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hellinger
- Center for Pharmacology and Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian W Gruber
- Center for Pharmacology and Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Ryazantsev DY, Rogozhin EA, Tsvetkov VO, Yarullina LG, Smirnov AN, Zavriev SK. Diversity of Harpin-Like Defense Peptides from Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) Seeds. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2019; 484:6-8. [PMID: 31012001 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672919010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The results of the study of the structure and function of harpin-like peptides (alpha-harpinins) of the EcAMP group from the barnyard grass (E. crusgalli) seeds and the possibility of their involvement in the innate immunity to biotic stresses are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yu Ryazantsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
| | - E A Rogozhin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
| | - V O Tsvetkov
- Bashkir State University, 450076, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
| | - L G Yarullina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
| | - A N Smirnov
- Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 127550, Moscow, Russia
| | - S K Zavriev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
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11
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Finkina EI, Melnikova DN, Bogdanov IV, Ovchinnikova TV. Peptides of the Innate Immune System of Plants. Part I. Structure, Biological Activity, and Mechanisms of Action. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Tolmachova KA, Moroz YS, Konovets A, Platonov MO, Vasylchenko OV, Borysko P, Zozulya S, Gryniukova A, Bogolubsky AV, Pipko S, Mykhailiuk PK, Brovarets VS, Grygorenko OO. (Chlorosulfonyl)benzenesulfonyl Fluorides-Versatile Building Blocks for Combinatorial Chemistry: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of a Covalent Inhibitor Library. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2018; 20:672-680. [PMID: 30354064 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multigram synthesis of (chlorosulfonyl)benzenesulfonyl fluorides is described. Selective modification of these building blocks at the sulfonyl chloride function under parallel synthesis conditions is achieved. It is shown that the reaction scope includes the use of (hetero)aromatic and electron-poor aliphatic amines (e.g., amino nitriles). Utility of the method is demonstrated by preparation of the sulfonyl fluoride library for potential use as covalent fragments, which is demonstrated by a combination of in silico and in vitro screening against trypsin as a model enzyme. As a result, several inhibitors were identified with activity on par with that of the known inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna A. Tolmachova
- National Taras
Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 1, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Yurii S. Moroz
- National Taras
Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Chemspace, Ilukstes iela 38-5, Riga, LV-1082, Latvia
| | - Angelika Konovets
- National Taras
Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Petro Borysko
- Bienta/Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Sergey Zozulya
- Bienta/Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Sergey Pipko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- National Taras
Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr S. Brovarets
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 1, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- National Taras
Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
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13
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Characterization of Hydroxyproline-Containing Hairpin-Like Antimicrobial Peptide EcAMP1-Hyp from Barnyard Grass ( Echinochloa crusgalli L.) Seeds: Structural Identification and Comparative Analysis of Antifungal Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113449. [PMID: 30400225 PMCID: PMC6274906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe a modified form of the antimicrobial hairpin-like peptide EcAMP1, isolated from barnyard grass (E. crusgalli) seeds, which is structurally characterized by a combination of high-pressure liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and automated Edman sequencing. This derivate has a single amino acid substitution (Pro19Hyp) in the second α-helical region of the molecule, which is critical for the formation of the hydrophobic core and the secondary structure elements. Comparing the antifungal activity of these two peptides, we found that the modified EcAMP1-Hyp had a significantly weaker activity towards the most-sensitive plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium solani. Molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro binding to the commercial polysaccharides allowed us to conclude that the Pro-19 residue is important for binding to carbohydrates located in the spore cell wall and it chiefly exhibits a fungistatic action representing the hyphal growth inhibition. These data are novel and significant for understanding a role of α-hairpinins in plant immunity.
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14
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Rogozhin E, Ryazantsev D, Smirnov A, Zavriev S. Primary Structure Analysis of Antifungal Peptides from Cultivated and Wild Cereals. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7030074. [PMID: 30213105 PMCID: PMC6160967 DOI: 10.3390/plants7030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cereal-derived bioactive peptides with antimicrobial activity have been poorly explored compared to those from dicotyledonous plants. Furthermore, there are a few reports addressing the structural differences between antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from cultivated and wild cereals, which may shed light on significant varieties in the range and level of their antimicrobial activity. We performed a primary structure analysis of some antimicrobial peptides from wild and cultivated cereals to find out the features that are associated with the much higher antimicrobial resistance characteristic of wild plants. In this review, we identified and analyzed the main parameters determining significant antifungal activity. They relate to a high variability level in the sequences of C-terminal fragments and a high content of hydrophobic amino acid residues in the biologically active defensins in wild cereals, in contrast to AMPs from cultivated forms that usually exhibit weak, if any, activity. We analyzed the similarity of various physicochemical parameters between thionins and defensins. The presence of a high divergence on a fixed part of any polypeptide that is close to defensins could be a determining factor. For all of the currently known hevein-like peptides of cereals, we can say that the determining factor in this regard is the structure of the chitin-binding domain, and in particular, amino acid residues that are not directly involved in intermolecular interaction with chitin. The analysis of amino acid sequences of alpha-hairpinins (hairpin-like peptides) demonstrated much higher antifungal activity and more specificity of the peptides from wild cereals compared with those from wheat and corn, which may be associated with the presence of a mini cluster of positively charged amino acid residues. In addition, at least one hydrophobic residue may be responsible for binding to the components of fungal cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Rogozhin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Ryazantsev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey Smirnov
- Department of Plant Protection Timiryazev Russian Agricultural University, ul. Timiryazevskaya 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey Zavriev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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15
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Cui X, Du J, Li J, Wang Z. Inhibitory site of α-hairpinin peptide from tartary buckwheat has no effect on its antimicrobial activities. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:408-416. [PMID: 29509838 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are known to play important roles in the innate host defense mechanisms of most living organisms. Protease inhibitors from plants potently inhibit the growth of a variety of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Therefore, there are excellent candidates for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, an antimicrobial peptide derived from tartary buckwheat seeds (FtAMP) was obtained by gene cloning, expression and purification, which exhibited inhibitory activity toward trypsin. Furthermore, the relationship between the antimicrobial and inhibitory activities of FtAMP was investigated. Two mutants (FtAMP-R21A and FtAMP-R21F) were generated through site-directed mutagenesis. Inhibitory activity analysis showed that both FtAMP-R21A and FtAMP-R21F lost trypsin-inhibitory activity. However, FtAMP-R21A and FtAMP-R21F showed novel inhibitory activities against elastase and α-chymotrypsin, respectively, suggesting that Arg-21 in the inhibitory site loop is specific for the inhibitory activity of FtAMP against trypsin. Antimicrobial assays showed that all three peptides exhibited strong antifungal activity against Trichoderma koningii, Rhizopus sp., and Fusarium oxysporum. These results showed that the changes in FtAMP inhibitory site have no effect on their antifungal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuanhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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16
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Velasques J, Cardoso MH, Abrantes G, Frihling BE, Franco OL, Migliolo L. The rescue of botanical insecticides: A bioinspiration for new niches and needs. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 143:14-25. [PMID: 29183583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Crop protection is the basis of plant production and food security. Additionally, there are many efforts focused on increasing defensive mechanisms in order to avoid the damaging effects of insects, which still represent significant losses worldwide. Plants have naturally evolved different mechanisms to discourage herbivory, including chemical barriers such as the induction of defensive proteins and secondary metabolites, some of which have a historical link with bio-farming practices and others that are yet to be used. In the context of global concern regarding health and environmental impacts, which has been translated into political action and restrictions on the use of synthetic pesticides, this review deals with a description of some historical commercial phytochemicals and promising proteinaceous compounds that plants may modulate to defeat insect attacks. We present a broader outlook on molecular structure and mechanisms of action while we discuss possible tools to achieve effective methods for the biological control of pests, either by the formulation of products or by the development of new plant varieties with enhanced chemical defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannaina Velasques
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Abrantes
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Breno Emanuel Frihling
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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17
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Slavokhotova AA, Shelenkov AA, Korostyleva TV, Rogozhin EA, Melnikova NV, Kudryavtseva AV, Odintsova TI. Defense peptide repertoire of Stellaria media predicted by high throughput next generation sequencing. Biochimie 2016; 135:15-27. [PMID: 28038935 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Being perfectly adapted to diverse environments, chickweed (Stellaria media (L.) Vill), a ubiquitous garden weed, grows widely in Europe and North America. As opposed to the model plants, many weeds, and S. media in particular, have been poorly studied, although they are likely to contain promising components of immunity and novel resistance genes. In this study, for the first time RNA-seq analysis of healthy and infected with Fusarium oxysporum chickweed seedlings, as well as de novo transcriptome assembly and annotation, are presented. Note, this research is focused on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), the major components of plant immune system. Using custom software developed earlier, 145 unique putative AMPs (pAMPs) including defensins, thionins, hevein-like peptides, snakins, alpha-hairpinins, LTPs, and cysteine-rich peptides with novel cysteine motifs were predicted. Furthermore, changes in AMP expression profile in response to fungal infection were traced. In addition, the comparison of chickweed AMP repertoire with those of other Caryophyllaceae plants whose transcriptomes are presently available is made. As a result, alpha-hairpinins and hevein-like peptides which display characteristic modular structure appear to be specific AMPs distinguishing S. media from Dianthus caryophyllus, Silene vulgaris, and Silene latifolia. Finally, revealing several AMPs with proven antimicrobial activity gives opportunity to conclude that the presented method of AMP repertoire analysis reveals highly active AMPs playing vital role in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Slavokhotova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrey A Shelenkov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatyana V Korostyleva
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Eugene A Rogozhin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Nataliya V Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Str., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Anna V Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Str., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatyana I Odintsova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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18
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Sousa DA, Porto WF, Silva MZ, da Silva TR, Franco OL. Influence of Cysteine and Tryptophan Substitution on DNA-Binding Activity on Maize α-Hairpinin Antimicrobial Peptide. Molecules 2016; 21:E1062. [PMID: 27529210 PMCID: PMC6273665 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
For almost four decades, antimicrobial peptides have been studied, and new classes are being discovered. However, for therapeutic use of these molecules, issues related to the mechanism of action must be answered. In this work, the antimicrobial activity of the hairpinin MBP-1 was studied by the synthesis of two variants, one replacing cysteines and one tryptophan with alanine. Antibacterial activity was abolished in both variants. No membrane disturbance, even in concentrations higher than those required to inhibit the bacteria, was observed in SEM microscopy. The gel retardation assay showed that MBP-1 possesses a higher DNA-binding ability than variants. Finally, molecular modelling showed that the lack of cysteines resulted in structure destabilization and lack of tryptophan resulted in a less flexible peptide, with less solvent assessable surface area, both characteristics that could contribute to absence of activity. In summary, the data here reported add more information about the multiple mechanisms of action of α-hairpinins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Sousa
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil.
| | - William F Porto
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil.
| | - Maria Z Silva
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil.
| | - Tatiane R da Silva
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil.
| | - Octávio L Franco
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil.
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900, Brazil.
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19
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Qiu Y, Wu X, Xie C, Hu Y, Liu D, Ma Y, Yao D. A rational design for improving the trypsin resistance of aflatoxin-detoxifizyme (ADTZ) based on molecular structure evaluation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 86:84-92. [PMID: 26992797 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The resistance of feed enzymes against proteases is crucial in livestock farming. In this study, the trypsin resistance of aflatoxin-detoxifizyme (ADTZ) is improved. ADTZ possesses 72 lys/arg residue sites, 45 of which are scattered on the outermost layers of the molecule (RSA≧25%). These 45 lys/arg sites could be target sites for trypsin hydrolysis. By considering shape-matching (including physical and secondary bond interactions) and the "induced fit-effect", we hypothesized that some of these lys/arg sites are vulnerable to trypsin. A protein-protein docking simulation method was used to avoid the massive computational requirements and to address the intricacy of selecting candidate sites, as candidate site selection is affected by space displacement. Optimal mutants (K244Q/K213C/K270T and R356E/K357T/R623C) were predicted by computational design with protein folding energy analysis and molecular dynamics simulations. A trypsin digestion assay was performed, and the mutants displayed much higher stability against trypsin hydrolysis compared to the native enzyme. Moreover, temperature- and pH-activity profiles revealed that the designed mutations did not affect the catalytic activity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Qiu
- Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510632, China
| | - Xiyang Wu
- Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510632, China
| | - Chunfang Xie
- Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510632, China; Department of Bioengineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510632, China
| | - Yadong Hu
- Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510632, China
| | - Daling Liu
- Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510632, China; Department of Bioengineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510632, China
| | - Yi Ma
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510632, China
| | - Dongsheng Yao
- Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510632, China; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510632, China.
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20
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Tam JP, Wang S, Wong KH, Tan WL. Antimicrobial Peptides from Plants. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:711-57. [PMID: 26580629 PMCID: PMC4695807 DOI: 10.3390/ph8040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have evolved differently from AMPs from other life forms. They are generally rich in cysteine residues which form multiple disulfides. In turn, the disulfides cross-braced plant AMPs as cystine-rich peptides to confer them with extraordinary high chemical, thermal and proteolytic stability. The cystine-rich or commonly known as cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) of plant AMPs are classified into families based on their sequence similarity, cysteine motifs that determine their distinctive disulfide bond patterns and tertiary structure fold. Cystine-rich plant AMP families include thionins, defensins, hevein-like peptides, knottin-type peptides (linear and cyclic), lipid transfer proteins, α-hairpinin and snakins family. In addition, there are AMPs which are rich in other amino acids. The ability of plant AMPs to organize into specific families with conserved structural folds that enable sequence variation of non-Cys residues encased in the same scaffold within a particular family to play multiple functions. Furthermore, the ability of plant AMPs to tolerate hypervariable sequences using a conserved scaffold provides diversity to recognize different targets by varying the sequence of the non-cysteine residues. These properties bode well for developing plant AMPs as potential therapeutics and for protection of crops through transgenic methods. This review provides an overview of the major families of plant AMPs, including their structures, functions, and putative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shujing Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Ka H Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Wei Liang Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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21
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Slavokhotova AA, Shelenkov AA, Odintsova TI. Prediction of Leymus arenarius (L.) antimicrobial peptides based on de novo transcriptome assembly. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 89:203-14. [PMID: 26369913 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Leymus arenarius is a unique wild growing Poaceae plant exhibiting extreme tolerance to environmental conditions. In this study we for the first time performed whole-transcriptome sequencing of lymegrass seedlings using Illumina platform followed by de novo transcriptome assembly and functional annotation. Our goal was to identify transcripts encoding antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), one of the key components of plant innate immunity. Using the custom software developed for this study that predicted AMPs and classified them into families, we revealed more than 160 putative AMPs in lymegrass seedlings. We classified them into 7 families based on their cysteine motifs and sequence similarity. The families included defensins, thionins, hevein-like peptides, snakins, cyclotide, alfa-hairpinins and LTPs. This is the first communication about the presence of almost all known AMP families in trascriptomic data of a single plant species. Additionally, cysteine-rich peptides that potentially represent novel families of AMPs were revealed. We have confirmed by RT-PCR validation the presence of 30 transcripts encoding selected AMPs in lymegrass seedlings. In summary, the presented method of pAMP prediction developed by us can be applied for relatively fast and simple screening of novel components of plant immunity system and is well suited for whole-transcriptome or genome analysis of uncharacterized plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Slavokhotova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina Str., Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - Andrey A Shelenkov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina Str., Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Tatyana I Odintsova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina Str., Moscow, Russia, 119991
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22
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de Souza Cândido E, e Silva Cardoso MH, Sousa DA, Viana JC, de Oliveira-Júnior NG, Miranda V, Franco OL. The use of versatile plant antimicrobial peptides in agribusiness and human health. Peptides 2014; 55:65-78. [PMID: 24548568 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plant immune responses involve a wide diversity of physiological reactions that are induced by the recognition of pathogens, such as hypersensitive responses, cell wall modifications, and the synthesis of antimicrobial molecules including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These proteinaceous molecules have been widely studied, presenting peculiar characteristics such as conserved domains and a conserved disulfide bond pattern. Currently, many AMP classes with diverse modes of action are known, having been isolated from a large number of organisms. Plant AMPs comprise an interesting source of studies nowadays, and among these there are reports of different classes, including defensins, albumins, cyclotides, snakins and several others. These peptides have been widely used in works that pursue human disease control, including nosocomial infections, as well as for agricultural purposes. In this context, this review will focus on the relevance of the structural-function relations of AMPs derived from plants and their proper use in applications for human health and agribusiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabete de Souza Cândido
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique e Silva Cardoso
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniel Amaro Sousa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Juliane Cançado Viana
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Nelson Gomes de Oliveira-Júnior
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Vívian Miranda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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23
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Berkut AA, Usmanova DR, Peigneur S, Oparin PB, Mineev KS, Odintsova TI, Tytgat J, Arseniev AS, Grishin EV, Vassilevski AA. Structural similarity between defense peptide from wheat and scorpion neurotoxin permits rational functional design. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14331-40. [PMID: 24671422 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.530477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present the spatial structure of the wheat antimicrobial peptide (AMP) Tk-AMP-X2 studied using NMR spectroscopy. This peptide was found to adopt a disulfide-stabilized α-helical hairpin fold and therefore belongs to the α-hairpinin family of plant defense peptides. Based on Tk-AMP-X2 structural similarity to cone snail and scorpion potassium channel blockers, a mutant molecule, Tk-hefu, was engineered by incorporating the functionally important residues from κ-hefutoxin 1 onto the Tk-AMP-X2 scaffold. The designed peptide contained the so-called essential dyad of amino acid residues significant for channel-blocking activity. Electrophysiological studies showed that although the parent peptide Tk-AMP-X2 did not present any activity against potassium channels, Tk-hefu blocked Kv1.3 channels with similar potency (IC50 ∼ 35 μm) to κ-hefutoxin 1 (IC50 ∼ 40 μm). We conclude that α-hairpinins are attractive in their simplicity as structural templates, which may be used for functional engineering and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina A Berkut
- From the M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Moscow 117303, Russia
| | - Dinara R Usmanova
- From the M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Moscow 117303, Russia
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium, and
| | - Peter B Oparin
- From the M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Konstantin S Mineev
- From the M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Tatyana I Odintsova
- N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium, and
| | - Alexander S Arseniev
- From the M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Eugene V Grishin
- From the M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Alexander A Vassilevski
- From the M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia,
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24
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Brust A, Schroeder CI, Alewood PF. High-Throughput Synthesis of Peptide α-Thioesters: A Safety Catch Linker Approach Enabling Parallel Hydrogen Fluoride Cleavage. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1038-46. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Slavokhotova AA, Rogozhin EA, Musolyamov AK, Andreev YA, Oparin PB, Berkut AA, Vassilevski AA, Egorov TA, Grishin EV, Odintsova TI. Novel antifungal α-hairpinin peptide from Stellaria media seeds: structure, biosynthesis, gene structure and evolution. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 84:189-202. [PMID: 24081691 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense against disease is a complex multistage system involving initial recognition of the invading pathogen, signal transduction and activation of specialized genes. An important role in pathogen deterrence belongs to so-called plant defense peptides, small polypeptide molecules that present antimicrobial properties. Using multidimensional liquid chromatography, we isolated a novel antifungal peptide named Sm-AMP-X (33 residues) from the common chickweed (Stellaria media) seeds. The peptide sequence shows no homology to any previously described proteins. The peculiar cysteine arrangement (C(1)X3C(2)XnC(3)X3C(4)), however, allocates Sm-AMP-X to the recently acknowledged α-hairpinin family of plant defense peptides that share the helix-loop-helix fold stabilized by two disulfide bridges C(1)-C(4) and C(2)-C(3). Sm-AMP-X exhibits high broad-spectrum activity against fungal phytopathogens. We further showed that the N- and C-terminal "tail" regions of the peptide are important for both its structure and activity. The truncated variants Sm-AMP-X1 with both disulfide bonds preserved and Sm-AMP-X2 with only the internal S-S-bond left were progressively less active against fungi and presented largely disordered structure as opposed to the predominantly helical conformation of the full-length antifungal peptide. cDNA and gene cloning revealed that Sm-AMP-X is processed from a unique multimodular precursor protein that contains as many as 12 tandem repeats of α-hairpinin-like peptides. Structure of the sm-amp-x gene and two related pseudogenes sm-amp-x-ψ1 and sm-amp-x-ψ2 allows tracing the evolutionary scenario that led to generation of such a sophisticated precursor protein. Sm-AMP-X is a new promising candidate for engineering disease resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Slavokhotova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Gubkina 3, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation,
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26
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Ryazantsev DY, Rogozhin EA, Dimitrieva TV, Drobyazina PE, Khadeeva NV, Egorov TA, Grishin EV, Zavriev SK. A novel hairpin-like antimicrobial peptide from barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) seeds: Structure-functional and molecular-genetics characterization. Biochimie 2013; 99:63-70. [PMID: 24275143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel plant hairpin-like defense polypeptide named EcAMP3 was isolated from latent barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) seeds. The native peptide and its recombinant analogue were characterized. EcAMP3 displays antifungal and antibacterial activity in vitro. The gene family encoding EcAMPs precursor protein was also characterized; the genes and pseudogenes of this family show 97-100% homology. Every member of EcAMPs precursor family contains seven identical cysteine motifs: C1XXXC2(11-13)C3XXXC4. One of those motifs corresponds to the isolated peptide. EcAMP3 is the first member of the plant hairpin-like peptide family that inhibits the growth of phytopathogenic bacteria. Obtained results can explain the nature of the complex resistance of barnyard grass to a variety of pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Yu Ryazantsev
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Eugene A Rogozhin
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatiana V Dimitrieva
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Polina E Drobyazina
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation; All-Russian Research Institute of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, ul. Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Natalia V Khadeeva
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Gubkina 3, 117809 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Tsezi A Egorov
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eugene V Grishin
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergey K Zavriev
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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27
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Utkina LL, Andreev YA, Rogozhin EA, Korostyleva TV, Slavokhotova AA, Oparin PB, Vassilevski AA, Grishin EV, Egorov TA, Odintsova TI. Genes encoding 4-Cys antimicrobial peptides in wheat Triticum kiharae Dorof. et Migush.: multimodular structural organization, instraspecific variability, distribution and role in defence. FEBS J 2013; 280:3594-608. [PMID: 23702306 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel family of antifungal peptides was discovered in the wheat Triticum kiharae Dorof. et Migusch. Two members of the family, designated Tk-AMP-X1 and Tk-AMP-X2, were completely sequenced and shown to belong to the α-hairpinin structural family of plant peptides with a characteristic C1XXXC2-X(n)-C3XXXC4 motif. The peptides inhibit the spore germination of several fungal pathogens in vitro. cDNA and gene cloning disclosed unique structure of genes encoding Tk-AMP-X peptides. They code for precursor proteins of unusual multimodular structure, consisting of a signal peptide, several α-hairpinin (4-Cys) peptide domains with a characteristic cysteine pattern separated by linkers and a C-terminal prodomain. Three types of precursor proteins, with five, six or seven 4-Cys peptide modules, were found in wheat. Among the predicted family members, several peptides previously isolated from T. kiharae seeds were identified. Genes encoding Tk-AMP-X precursors have no introns in the protein-coding regions and are upregulated by fungal pathogens and abiotic stress, providing conclusive evidence for their role in stress response. A combined PCR-based and bioinformatics approach was used to search for related genes in the plant kingdom. Homologous genes differing in the number of peptide modules were discovered in phylogenetically-related Triticum and Aegilops species, including polyploid wheat genome donors. Association of the Tk-AMP-X genes with A, B/G or D genomes of hexaploid wheat was demonstrated. Furthermore, Tk-AMP-X-related sequences were shown to be widespread in the Poaceae family among economically important crops, such as barley, rice and maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov L Utkina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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28
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Masuda Y, Nitanai Y, Mizutani R, Noguchi S. Crystal structure of 6-guanidinohexanoyl trypsin near the optimum pH reveals the acyl-enzyme intermediate to be deacylated. Proteins 2012; 81:526-30. [PMID: 23161653 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The force driving the conversion from the acyl intermediate to the tetrahedral intermediate in the deacylation reaction of serine proteases remains unclear. The crystal structure of 6-guanidinohexanoyl trypsin was determined at pH 7.0, near the optimum reaction pH, at 1.94 Å resolution. In this structure, three water molecules are observed around the catalytic site. One acts as a nucleophile to attack the acyl carbonyl carbon while the other two waters fix the position of the catalytic water through a hydrogen bond. When the acyl carbonyl oxygen oscillates thermally, the water assumes an appropriate angle to catalyze the deacylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Masuda
- Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Detection Technology Section, Human Oriented Systems Division, Advanced Defense Technology Center, Technical Research and Development Institute, Ministry of Defense, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8630, Japan.
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29
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Rogozhin EA, Ryazantsev DY, Grishin EV, Egorov TA, Zavriev SK. Defense peptides from barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) seeds. Peptides 2012; 38:33-40. [PMID: 22940285 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A number of defense polypeptides from latent seeds of weed cereal barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) has been isolated and characterized using an acidic extraction and high performance liquid chromatography methods in combination with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and Edman sequencing. Members of three antimicrobial peptide families and two protease inhibitor families were found to be localized in barnyard grass seeds. Their biological activity concerning to Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative phytopathogenic bacteria, as well as oomycete Phytophthora infestans, has been investigated. Diversity of barnyard grass defense peptides is a significant factor that provides a resistance of E. crusgalli seeds to germination and latent phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Rogozhin
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.
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30
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Egorov TA, Odintsova TI. [Defense peptides of plant immune system]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012; 38:7-17. [PMID: 22792701 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162012010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural antibiotics produced by all living organisms to combat pathogens. They are important effector molecules of the immune system both in animals and plants. AMPs are diverse in structure and mode of action. Based on homology of amino acid sequences and 3D structures several AMP families have been distinguished. They are defensins, thionins, lipid transfer proteins, hevein- and knottin-like peptides, and cyclotides. AMPs display broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and thus show promise for the development of disease- resistant crops by genetic engineering and for the production of new-generation drugs. In this paper, the properties of the main AMP families (defensins and hevein-like peptides) and of a new 4-Cys plant AMP family are reviewed.
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31
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Buckwheat trypsin inhibitor with helical hairpin structure belongs to a new family of plant defence peptides. Biochem J 2012; 446:69-77. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20120548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A new peptide trypsin inhibitor named BWI-2c was obtained from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) seeds by sequential affinity, ion exchange and reversed-phase chromatography. The peptide was sequenced and found to contain 41 amino acid residues, with four cysteine residues involved in two intramolecular disulfide bonds. Recombinant BWI-2c identical to the natural peptide was produced in Escherichia coli in a form of a cleavable fusion with thioredoxin. The 3D (three-dimensional) structure of the peptide in solution was determined by NMR spectroscopy, revealing two antiparallel α-helices stapled by disulfide bonds. Together with VhTI, a trypsin inhibitor from veronica (Veronica hederifolia), BWI-2c represents a new family of protease inhibitors with an unusual α-helical hairpin fold. The linker sequence between the helices represents the so-called trypsin inhibitory loop responsible for direct binding to the active site of the enzyme that cleaves BWI-2c at the functionally important residue Arg19. The inhibition constant was determined for BWI-2c against trypsin (1.7×10−10 M), and the peptide was tested on other enzymes, including those from various insect digestive systems, revealing high selectivity to trypsin-like proteases. Structural similarity shared by BWI-2c, VhTI and several other plant defence peptides leads to the acknowledgement of a new widespread family of plant peptides termed α-hairpinins.
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32
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Nolde SB, Vassilevski AA, Rogozhin EA, Barinov NA, Balashova TA, Samsonova OV, Baranov YV, Feofanov AV, Egorov TA, Arseniev AS, Grishin EV. Disulfide-stabilized helical hairpin structure and activity of a novel antifungal peptide EcAMP1 from seeds of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli). J Biol Chem 2011; 286:25145-53. [PMID: 21561864 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.200378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents purification, activity characterization, and (1)H NMR study of the novel antifungal peptide EcAMP1 from kernels of barnyard grass Echinochloa crus-galli. The peptide adopts a disulfide-stabilized α-helical hairpin structure in aqueous solution and thus represents a novel fold among naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides. Micromolar concentrations of EcAMP1 were shown to inhibit growth of several fungal phytopathogens. Confocal microscopy revealed intensive EcAMP1 binding to the surface of fungal conidia followed by internalization and accumulation in the cytoplasm without disturbance of membrane integrity. Close spatial structure similarity between EcAMP1, the trypsin inhibitor VhTI from seeds of Veronica hederifolia, and some scorpion and cone snail toxins suggests natural elaboration of different functions on a common fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana B Nolde
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
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33
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Ng YM, Yang Y, Sze KH, Zhang X, Zheng YT, Shaw PC. Structural characterization and anti-HIV-1 activities of arginine/glutamate-rich polypeptide Luffin P1 from the seeds of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica). J Struct Biol 2011; 174:164-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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34
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Konarev AV, Beaudoin F, Marsh J, Vilkova NA, Nefedova LI, Sivri D, Köksel H, Shewry PR, Lovegrove A. Characterization of a glutenin-specific serine proteinase of Sunn bug Eurygaster integricepts Put. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:2462-2470. [PMID: 21323348 DOI: 10.1021/jf103867g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Glutenin hydrolyzing proteinases (GHPs) have been purified, by affinity chromatography, from wheat seeds damaged by the Sunn bug Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera, Scutelleridae). A 28 kDa protein was partially sequenced by mass spectrometry and Edman degradation which showed homology to serine proteases from various insects. Three full length clones were obtained from cDNA isolated from Sunn bug salivary glands using degenerate PCR based on the sequences obtained. The cleavage site of the protease was determined using recombinant and synthetic peptides and shown to be between the consensus hexapeptide and nonapeptide repeat motifs present in the high molecular weight subunits of wheat glutenin (PGQGQQ∧GYYPTSLQQ). Homology models were generated for the three proteinases identified in this study using the high resolution X-ray structure of a crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus) trypsin complexed with a peptide inhibitor as template (PDB accession 2F91). The novel specificity of this protease may find applications in both fundamental and applied studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Konarev
- All-Russian Institute for Plant Protection (VIZR), 3 Podbelsky, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia
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35
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Antitumor and HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitory Activities of a Hemagglutinin and a Protease Inhibitor from Mini-Black Soybean. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:851396. [PMID: 21527979 PMCID: PMC3057713 DOI: 10.1155/2011/851396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors (PIs) and hemagglutinins are defense proteins produced by many organisms. From Chinese mini-black soybeans, a 17.5-kDa PI was isolated using chromatography on Q-Sepharose, SP-Sepharose, and DEAE-cellulose. A 25-kDa hemagglutinin was purified similarly, but using Superdex 75 instead of DEAE-cellulose in the final step. The PI inhibited trypsin and chymotrypsin (IC50 = 7.2 and 8.8 μM). Its trypsin inhibitory activity was stable from pH 2 to pH 13 and from 0°C to 70°C. The hemagglutinin activity of the hemagglutinin was stable from pH 2 to pH 13 and from 0°C to 75°C. The results indicated that both PI and hemagglutinin were relatively thermostable and pH-stable. The trypsin inhibitory activity was inhibited by dithiothreitol, signifying the importance of the disulfide bond to the activity. The hemagglutinating activity was inhibited most potently by D (+)-raffinose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, suggesting that the hemagglutinin was specific for these two sugars. Both PI and hemagglutinin inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (IC50 = 3.2 and 5.5 μM), proliferation of breast cancer cells (IC50 = 9.7 and 3.5 μM), and hepatoma cells (IC50 = 35 and 6.2 μM), with relatively high potencies.
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36
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Abstract
The MEROPS website (http://merops.sanger.ac.uk) includes information on peptidase inhibitors as well as on peptidases and their substrates. Displays have been put in place to link peptidases and inhibitors together. The classification of protein peptidase inhibitors is continually being revised, and currently inhibitors are grouped into 67 families based on comparisons of protein sequences. These families can be further grouped into 38 clans based on comparisons of tertiary structure. Small molecule inhibitors are important reagents for peptidase characterization and, with the increasing importance of peptidases as drug targets, they are also important to the pharmaceutical industry. Small molecule inhibitors are now included in MEROPS and over 160 summaries have been written.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Rawlings
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK.
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37
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Torres-Castillo JA, Mondragón Jacobo C, Blanco-Labra A. Characterization of a highly stable trypsin-like proteinase inhibitor from the seeds of Opuntia streptacantha (O. streptacantha Lemaire). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:1374-1381. [PMID: 19765785 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A trypsin inhibitor from Opuntia streptacantha Lemaire (Prickly pear) seeds was purified and characterized. Of several proteases tested, this inhibitor showed specificity to trypsin-like enzymes. The major inhibitor present in these seeds showed distinctive characteristics, most notably a low molecular weight of 4.19 kDa, as determined by MALDI TOF, and an unusually high thermal stability, retaining most of the activity after heating the sample 1h to 120 degrees C with a pressure of 1 kg/cm(2). Its complete amino acid sequence was obtained through mass spectrometry, this establishing presence a blocked N-terminal region. When comparing its sequence in the MEROPS database for peptidases and peptidase inhibitors, it showed 34.48% identity with a serine-proteinase inhibitor from the I15 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Torres-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Unidad Irapuato, Km. 9.6, Libramiento Norte Carr., Irapuato-León A. P. 629, Irapuato, Gto. 36821, Mexico
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38
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Oliva MLV, Sampaio UM. Bauhinia Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitors: structural characteristics and biological properties. Biol Chem 2008; 389:1007-13. [PMID: 18754727 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2008.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plant proteinase inhibitors are involved in the regulation of the activity of many proteinases and, in consequence, in biological processes driven by proteolysis. In this review, we summarize recent results on the activity of native Bauhinia inhibitors and synthetic derivatives. Structural and functional characteristics and the potential therapeutic use of these inhibitors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza Vilela Oliva
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Três de Maio 100, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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39
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Konarev AV, Lovegrove A, Shewry PR. Serine proteinase inhibitors in seeds of Cycas siamensis and other gymnosperms. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:2482-2489. [PMID: 18755484 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of 32 species selected from two of the four major groups of gymnosperms, the ancient Cycadales and the economically important Coniferales, were analysed for inhibitors (I) of the serine proteinases trypsin (T), chymotrypsin (C), subtilisin (S) and elastase (E) using isoelectric focusing (IEF) combined with gelatin replicas. Subtilisin inhibitors were detected in 17 species, being particularly active in the Cycadales. Several species of the genera Cephalotaxus, Pseudotsuga and Cycas contained inhibitors active against elastase while strong CSTIs and CSIs were also present in Cycas pectinata and C. siamensis. No inhibitors were detected in seeds of Chamaecyparis, Thuja, Abies, Larix, Picea and Pinus spp. Serine proteinase inhibitors were purified from seeds of C. siamensis by affinity chromatography using trypsin and chymotrypsin, IEF and SDS-PAGE. Several CSTI components with M(r) ranging from 4000 to 18,000 were partially sequenced using Edman degradation and mass spectrometry. Most of the sequences were similar to a hypothetical protein encoded by an mRNA from sporophylls of C. rumphii which in turn was similar to Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitors from flowering plants. Analysis of expressed sequence tag (EST) databases confirmed the presence of mRNAs encoding Kunitz-type inhibitors in the Cycadales and Coniferales and also demonstrated their presence in a third major group of gymnosperms, the Ginkgoales. This is the first report of Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitors from plants other than Angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Konarev
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR), Podbelsky 3, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia.
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40
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Oliva MLV, Sampaio MU. BauhiniaKunitz-type proteinase inhibitors: structural characteristics and biological properties. Biol Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1515/bc.2008.119_bchm.just-accepted] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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A stable trypsin inhibitor from Chinese dull black soybeans with potentially exploitable activities. Process Biochem 2008; 43:992-998. [PMID: 32288592 PMCID: PMC7108285 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A dimeric 40-kDa Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor was isolated from seeds of the Chinese black soybean Glycine max cv. ‘Dull Black’. The purification protocol comprised ion exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose, SP-Sepharose, and Mono Q, and gel filtration on Superdex 75. The trypsin inhibitor inhibited chymotrypsin, albeit to a lesser extent than it inhibited trypsin. Its trypsin-inhibitory activity was unaffected after exposure to pH 1–14, or to temperatures up to 80 °C. The trypsin inhibitor was inhibited by dithiothreitol in a dose-dependent (from 2.5 to 50 mM) and a time-dependent (from 5 to 120 min) manner. Besides inhibiting serine proteases, the trypsin inhibitor demonstrated additional biological activities including stimulation of nitric oxide production by macrophages. It inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, cell-free translation and proliferation of liver cancer cells and breast cancer cells, with an IC50 value 9.4, 14, 39 and 70 μM, respectively. However, it did not exhibit antifungal, antibacterial or mitogenic activity.
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