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Khine MN, Sakurai K. Golgi-Targeting Anticancer Natural Products. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072086. [PMID: 37046746 PMCID: PMC10093635 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis by serving as a biosynthetic center for glycans, lipids and post-translationally modified proteins and as a sorting center for vesicular transport of proteins to specific destinations. Moreover, it provides a signaling hub that facilitates not only membrane trafficking processes but also cellular response pathways to various types of stresses. Altered signaling at the Golgi apparatus has emerged as a key regulator of tumor growth and survival. Among the small molecules that can specifically perturb or modulate Golgi proteins and organization, natural products with anticancer property have been identified as powerful chemical probes in deciphering Golgi-related pathways and, in particular, recently described Golgi stress response pathways. In this review, we highlight a set of Golgi-targeting natural products that enabled the characterization of the Golgi-mediated signaling events leading to cancer cell death and discuss the potential for selectively exploiting these pathways for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents.
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Okada T, Nishida S, Zhang L, Ibrahim Mohamed NN, Wang T, Ijuin T, Kajimoto T, Nakamura SI. Constitutive activation of S1P receptors at the trans-Golgi network is required for surface transport carrier formation. iScience 2021; 24:103351. [PMID: 34805799 PMCID: PMC8590068 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the G-protein βγ subunits in the regulation of cargo transport from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the plasma membrane (PM) is well accepted; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the G-protein activation at the TGN remains unclear. We show here that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors at the PM were trafficked to the TGN in response to a surface transport cargo, temperature-sensitive vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein tagged with green fluorescent protein accumulation in the Golgi. The receptor internalization occurred in an S1P-independent manner but required phosphorylation by G-protein receptor kinase 2 and β-arrestin association before internalization. Continuously activated S1P receptors in a manner dependent on S1P at the TGN kept transmitting G-protein signals including the βγ subunits supply necessary for transport carrier formation at the TGN destined for the PM. S1P receptors traffic from the PM to Golgi in a surface cargo-dependent manner S1PR trafficking follows GRK2-dependent phosphorylation and β-arrestin binding S1PRs at the Golgi are continuously activated by S1P while sending G-protein signals S1PR/Gβγ signals at the Golgi are indispensable for surface transport carrier formation
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Okada
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Susumu Nishida
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Nesma Nabil Ibrahim Mohamed
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.,Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tianyou Wang
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ijuin
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Kajimoto
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Nakamura
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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3
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The PKD-Dependent Biogenesis of TGN-to-Plasma Membrane Transport Carriers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071618. [PMID: 34203456 PMCID: PMC8303525 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is essential for processing and transport of proteins and lipids and to establish cell compartmentation and tissue organization. Cells respond to their needs and control the quantity and quality of protein secretion accordingly. In this review, we focus on a particular membrane trafficking route from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the cell surface: protein kinase D (PKD)-dependent pathway for constitutive secretion mediated by carriers of the TGN to the cell surface (CARTS). Recent findings highlight the importance of lipid signaling by organelle membrane contact sites (MCSs) in this pathway. Finally, we discuss our current understanding of multiple signaling pathways for membrane trafficking regulation mediated by PKD, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), growth factors, metabolites, and mechanosensors.
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Nakagawa H, Komori M, Nishimura K. Carbon tetrachloride suppresses ER-Golgi transport by inhibiting COPII vesicle formation on the ER membrane in the RLC-16 hepatocyte cell line. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:633-641. [PMID: 33247607 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) causes hepatotoxicity in mammals, with its hepatocytic metabolism producing radicals that attack the intracellular membrane system and destabilize intracellular vesicle transport. Inhibition of intracellular transport causes lipid droplet retention and abnormal protein distribution. The intracellular transport of synthesized lipids and proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus is performed by coat complex II (COPII) vesicle transport, but how CCl4 inhibits COPII vesicle transport has not been elucidated. COPII vesicle formation on the ER membrane is initiated by the recruitment of Sar1 protein from the cytoplasm to the ER membrane, followed by that of the COPII coat constituent proteins (Sec23, Sec24, Sec13, and Sec31). In this study, we evaluated the effect of CCl4 on COPII vesicle formation using the RLC-16 rat hepatocyte cell line. Our results showed that CCl4 suppressed ER-Golgi transport in RLC-16 cells. Using a reconstituted system of rat liver tissue-derived cytoplasm and RLC-16 cell-derived ER membranes, CCl4 treatment inhibited the recruitment of Sar1 and Sec13 from the cytosolic fraction to ER membranes. CCl4 -induced changes in the ER membrane accordingly inhibited the accumulation of COPII vesicle-coated constituent proteins on the ER membrane, as well as the formation of COPII vesicles, which suppressed lipid and protein transport between the ER and Golgi apparatus. Our data suggest that CCl4 inhibits ER-Golgi intracellular transport by inhibiting COPII vesicle formation on the ER membrane in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Komori
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nishimura
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
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Ilimaquinone Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090296. [PMID: 32825464 PMCID: PMC7555415 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the anti-tumor activity of ilimaquinone (IQ), a sesquiterpene quinone isolated from marine sponge Halichondria sp., in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells, was investigated. IQ suppressed the viability of the OSCC cell lines SCC4 and SCC2095 with IC50 values of 7.5 and 8.5 μM, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that IQ induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in SCC4 cells and modulated the expression of several cell growth-related gene products, including Akt, p38, Mcl-1, and p53. Notably, p53 knockdown caused higher resistance to IQ’s anti-tumor activity. In addition, IQ increased reactive oxygen species generation, which was partially reversed by the addition of antioxidants. Furthermore, it triggered autophagy, as evidenced by acidic organelle formation and LC3B-II and Atg5 expression in SCC4 cells. Pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine or chloroquine partially decreased IQ-induced apoptosis, suggesting that IQ induced protective autophagy. In summary, IQ has potential to be used in OSCC therapy.
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Li WQ, Luo LD, Hu ZW, Lyu TJ, Cen C, Wang Y. PLD1 promotes dendritic spine morphogenesis via activating PKD1. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 99:103394. [PMID: 31356881 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines on the dendrites of pyramidal neurons are one of the most important components for excitatory synapses, where excitatory information exchanges and integrates. The defects of dendritic spine development have been closely connected with many nervous system diseases including autism, intellectual disability and so forth. Based on our previous studies, we here report a new functional signaling link between phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and protein kinase D1 (PKD1) in dendritic spine morphogenesis. Coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that PLD1 associates with PKD1. A series of knocking down and rescuing experiments demonstrated that PLD1 acts upstream of PKD1 in positively regulating dendritic spine morphogenesis. Using PLD1 inhibitor, we found that PLD1 activates PKD1 to promote dendritic spine morphogenesis. Thus, we further reveal the roles of the two different enzymes in neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qi Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li-Da Luo
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhi-Wen Hu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tian-Jie Lyu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cheng Cen
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Simithy J, Fuanta NR, Hobrath JV, Kochanowska-Karamyan A, Hamann MT, Goodwin DC, Calderón AI. Mechanism of irreversible inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis shikimate kinase by ilimaquinone. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1866:731-739. [PMID: 29654976 PMCID: PMC11215815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ilimaquinone (IQ), a marine sponge metabolite, has been considered as a potential therapeutic agent for various diseases due to its broad range of biological activities. We show that IQ irreversibly inactivates Mycobacterium tuberculosis shikimate kinase (MtSK) through covalent modification of the protein. Inactivation occurred with an apparent second-order rate constant of about 60 M-1 s-1. Following reaction with IQ, LC-MS analyses of intact MtSK revealed covalent modification of MtSK by IQ, with the concomitant loss of a methoxy group, suggesting a Michael-addition mechanism. Evaluation of tryptic fragments of IQ-derivatized MtSK by MS/MS demonstrated that Ser and Thr residues were most frequently modified with lesser involvement of Lys and Tyr. In or near the MtSK active site, three residues of the P-loop (K15, S16, and T17) as well as S77, T111, and S44 showed evidence of IQ-dependent derivatization. Accordingly, inclusion of ATP in IQ reactions with MtSK partially protected the enzyme from inactivation and limited IQ-based derivatization of K15 and S16. Additionally, molecular docking models for MtSK-IQ were generated for IQ-derivatized S77 and T111. In the latter, ATP was observed to sterically clash with the IQ moiety. Out of three other enzymes evaluated, lactate dehydrogenase was derivatized and inactivated by IQ, but pyruvate kinase and catalase-peroxidase (KatG) were unaffected. Together, these data suggest that IQ is promiscuous (though not entirely indiscriminant) in its reactivity. As such, the potential of IQ as a lead in the development of antitubercular agents directed against MtSK or other targets is questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johayra Simithy
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, 3306 Walker Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ngolui Rene Fuanta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Judith V Hobrath
- Drug Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Kochanowska-Karamyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University HSC, 1300 S. Coulter, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Mark T Hamann
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Douglas C Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Angela I Calderón
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, 3306 Walker Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Su Y, Wang P, Shen H, Sun Z, Xu C, Li G, Tong T, Chen J. The protein kinase D1-mediated classical protein secretory pathway regulates the Ras oncogene-induced senescence response. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.207217. [PMID: 29420297 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.207217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells develop a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The factors secreted by cells with a SASP have multiple biological functions that are mediated in an autocrine or paracrine manner. However, the status of the protein kinase D1 (PKD1; also known as PRKD1)-mediated classical protein secretory pathway, from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the cell surface, during cellular senescence and its role in the cellular senescence response remain unknown. Here, we show that the activities or quantities of critical components of this pathway, including PKD1, ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) and phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PI4KIIIβ), at the TGN are increased in senescent cells. Blocking of this pathway decreases IL-6 and IL-8 (hereafter IL-6/IL-8) secretion and results in IL-6/IL-8 accumulation in SASP-competent senescent cells. Inhibition of this pathway reduces IL-6/IL-8 secretion during Ras oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), retards Ras OIS and alleviates its associated ER stress and autophagy. Finally, targeting of this pathway triggers cell death in SASP factor-producing senescent cells due to the intracellular accumulation of massive amounts of IL-6/IL-8. Taken together, our results unveil the hyperactive state of the protein secretory pathway in SASP-competent senescent cells and its critical functions in mediating SASP factor secretion and the Ras OIS process, as well as in determining the fate of senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Su
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pengfeng Wang
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhaomeng Sun
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenzhong Xu
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tanjun Tong
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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Li X, Liu L, Li R, Wu A, Lu J, Wu Q, Jia J, Zhao M, Song H. Hepatic loss of Lissencephaly 1 ( Lis1) induces fatty liver and accelerates liver tumorigenesis in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5160-5171. [PMID: 29475944 PMCID: PMC5892582 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a major organ in lipid metabolism, and its malfunction leads to various diseases. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the most common chronic liver disorder in developed countries, is characterized by the abnormal retention of excess lipid within hepatocytes and predisposes individuals to liver cancer. We previously reported that the levels of Lissencephaly 1 (LIS1, also known as PAFAH1B1) are down-regulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Following up on this observation, we found that genetic deletion of Lis1 in the mouse liver increases lipid accumulation and inflammation in this organ. Further analysis revealed that loss of Lis1 triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reduces triglyceride secretion. Attenuation of ER stress by addition of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) diminished lipid accumulation in the Lis1-deficient hepatocytes. Moreover, the Golgi stacks were disorganized in Lis1-deficient liver cells. Of note, the Lis1 liver-knockout mice exhibited increased hepatocyte ploidy and accelerated development of liver cancer after exposure to the liver carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Taken together, these findings suggest that reduced Lis1 levels can spur the development of liver diseases from steatosis to liver cancer and provide a useful model for delineating the molecular pathways that lead to these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China and
| | - Liansheng Liu
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China and
| | - Ran Li
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China and
| | - Ailing Wu
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China and
| | - Jinqiu Lu
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China and
| | - Qingzhe Wu
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China and
| | - Junling Jia
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China and
| | - Mujun Zhao
- the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hai Song
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China and
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10
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Inhibition of PLD1 activity causes ER stress via regulation of COPII vesicle formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Ruiz-Torres V, Encinar JA, Herranz-López M, Pérez-Sánchez A, Galiano V, Barrajón-Catalán E, Micol V. An Updated Review on Marine Anticancer Compounds: The Use of Virtual Screening for the Discovery of Small-Molecule Cancer Drugs. Molecules 2017; 22:E1037. [PMID: 28644406 PMCID: PMC6152364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine secondary metabolites are a promising source of unexploited drugs that have a wide structural diversity and have shown a variety of biological activities. These compounds are produced in response to the harsh and competitive conditions that occur in the marine environment. Invertebrates are considered to be among the groups with the richest biodiversity. To date, a significant number of marine natural products (MNPs) have been established as antineoplastic drugs. This review gives an overview of MNPs, both in research or clinical stages, from diverse organisms that were reported as being active or potentially active in cancer treatment in the past seventeen years (from January 2000 until April 2017) and describes their putative mechanisms of action. The structural diversity of MNPs is also highlighted and compared with the small-molecule anticancer drugs in clinical use. In addition, this review examines the use of virtual screening for MNP-based drug discovery and reveals that classical approaches for the selection of drug candidates based on ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) filtering may miss potential anticancer lead compounds. Finally, we introduce a novel and publically accessible chemical library of MNPs for virtual screening purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Ruiz-Torres
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain.
| | - Jose Antonio Encinar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain.
| | - María Herranz-López
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain.
| | - Almudena Pérez-Sánchez
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain.
| | - Vicente Galiano
- Physics and Computer Architecture Department, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain.
| | - Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain.
| | - Vicente Micol
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain.
- CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III., Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain (CB12/03/30038).
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12
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Klayman LM, Wedegaertner PB. Inducible Inhibition of Gβγ Reveals Localization-dependent Functions at the Plasma Membrane and Golgi. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1773-1784. [PMID: 27994056 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.750430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins signal at a variety of endomembrane locations, in addition to their canonical function at the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane (PM), where they are activated by cell surface G protein-coupled receptors. Here we focus on βγ signaling at the Golgi, where βγ activates a signaling cascade, ultimately resulting in vesicle fission from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). To develop a novel molecular tool for inhibiting endogenous βγ in a spatial-temporal manner, we take advantage of a lipid association mutant of the widely used βγ inhibitor GRK2ct (GRK2ct-KERE) and the FRB/FKBP heterodimerization system. We show that GRK2ct-KERE cannot inhibit βγ function when expressed in cells, but recruitment to a specific membrane location recovers the ability of GRK2ct-KERE to inhibit βγ signaling. PM-recruited GRK2ct-KERE inhibits lysophosphatidic acid-induced phosphorylation of Akt, whereas Golgi-recruited GRK2ct-KERE inhibits cargo transport from the TGN to the PM. Moreover, we show that Golgi-recruited GRK2ct-KERE inhibits model basolaterally targeted but not apically targeted cargo delivery, for both PM-destined and secretory cargo, providing the first evidence of selectivity in terms of cargo transport regulated by βγ. Last, we show that Golgi fragmentation induced by ilimaquinone and nocodazole is blocked by βγ inhibition, demonstrating that βγ is a key regulator of multiple pathways that impact Golgi morphology. Thus, we have developed a new molecular tool, recruitable GRK2ct-KERE, to modulate βγ signaling at specific subcellular locations, and we demonstrate novel cargo selectivity for βγ regulation of TGN to PM transport and a novel role for βγ in mediating Golgi fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Klayman
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Philip B Wedegaertner
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.
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13
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Boufridi A, Petek S, Evanno L, Beniddir MA, Debitus C, Buisson D, Poupon E. Biotransformations versus chemical modifications: new cytotoxic analogs of marine sesquiterpene ilimaquinone. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Massarweh A, Bosco M, Iatmanen-Harbi S, Tessier C, Amana L, Busca P, Chantret I, Gravier-Pelletier C, Moore SEH. Brefeldin A promotes the appearance of oligosaccharyl phosphates derived from Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol within the endomembrane system of HepG2 cells. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1477-91. [PMID: 27281477 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m068551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We reported an oligosaccharide diphosphodolichol (DLO) diphosphatase (DLODP) that generates dolichyl-phosphate and oligosaccharyl phosphates (OSPs) from DLO in vitro. This enzyme could underlie cytoplasmic OSP generation and promote dolichyl-phosphate recycling from truncated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-generated DLO intermediates. However, during subcellular fractionation, DLODP distribution is closer to that of a Golgi apparatus (GA) marker than those of ER markers. Here, we examined the effect of brefeldin A (BFA), which fuses the GA with the ER on OSP metabolism. In order to increase the steady state level of truncated DLO while allowing formation of mature DLO (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol), dolichyl-P-mannose Man7GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol mannosyltransferase was partially downregulated in HepG2 cells. We show that BFA provokes GA endomannosidase trimming of Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol to yield a Man8GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol structure that does not give rise to cytoplasmic Man8GlcNAc2-P. BFA also strikingly increased OSP derived from mature DLO within the endomembrane system without affecting levels of Man7GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol or cytoplasmic Man7GlcNAc2-P. The BFA-provoked increase in endomembrane-situated OSP is sensitive to nocodazole, and BFA causes partial redistribution of DLODP activity from GA- to ER-containing regions of density gradients. These findings are consistent with BFA-provoked microtubule-dependent GA-to-ER transport of a previously reported DLODP that acts to generate a novel endomembrane-situated OSP population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Massarweh
- INSERM U1149, Paris, France Université Denis Diderot, Paris 7, Paris, France Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Michaël Bosco
- Université Paris Descartes, CICB-Paris, CNRS UMR8601, LCBPT, Paris, France
| | | | - Clarice Tessier
- INSERM U1149, Paris, France Université Denis Diderot, Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Laura Amana
- INSERM U1149, Paris, France Université Denis Diderot, Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Busca
- Université Paris Descartes, CICB-Paris, CNRS UMR8601, LCBPT, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Chantret
- INSERM U1149, Paris, France Université Denis Diderot, Paris 7, Paris, France
| | | | - Stuart E H Moore
- INSERM U1149, Paris, France Université Denis Diderot, Paris 7, Paris, France
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15
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Legionella pneumophila Effector LpdA Is a Palmitoylated Phospholipase D Virulence Factor. Infect Immun 2015. [PMID: 26216420 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00785-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is a bacterial pathogen that thrives in alveolar macrophages, causing a severe pneumonia. The virulence of L. pneumophila depends on its Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS), which delivers more than 300 effector proteins into the host, where they rewire cellular signaling to establish a replication-permissive niche, the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). Biogenesis of the LCV requires substantial redirection of vesicle trafficking and remodeling of intracellular membranes. In order to achieve this, several T4SS effectors target regulators of membrane trafficking, while others resemble lipases. Here, we characterized LpdA, a phospholipase D effector, which was previously proposed to modulate the lipid composition of the LCV. We found that ectopically expressed LpdA was targeted to the plasma membrane and Rab4- and Rab14-containing vesicles. Subcellular targeting of LpdA required a C-terminal motif, which is posttranslationally modified by S-palmitoylation. Substrate specificity assays showed that LpdA hydrolyzed phosphatidylinositol, -inositol-3- and -4-phosphate, and phosphatidylglycerol to phosphatidic acid (PA) in vitro. In HeLa cells, LpdA generated PA at vesicles and the plasma membrane. Imaging of different phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) and organelle markers revealed that while LpdA did not impact on membrane association of various PIP probes, it triggered fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus. Importantly, although LpdA is translocated inefficiently into cultured cells, an L. pneumophila ΔlpdA mutant displayed reduced replication in murine lungs, suggesting that it is a virulence factor contributing to L. pneumophila infection in vivo.
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Sicart A, Katan M, Egea G, Sarri E. PLCγ1 participates in protein transport and diacylglycerol production triggered by cargo arrival at the Golgi. Traffic 2015; 16:250-66. [PMID: 25491205 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG) is required for membrane traffic and structural organization at the Golgi. DAG is a lipid metabolite of several enzymatic reactions present at this organelle, but the mechanisms by which they are regulated are still unknown. Here, we show that cargo arrival at the Golgi increases the recruitment of the DAG-sensing constructs C1-PKCθ-GFP and the PKD-wt-GFP. The recruitment of both constructs was reduced by PLCγ1 silencing. Post-Golgi trafficking of transmembrane and soluble proteins was impaired in PLCγ1-silenced cells. Under basal conditions, PLCγ1 contributed to the maintenance of the pool of DAG associated with the Golgi and to the structural organization of the organelle. Finally, we show that cytosolic phospholipase C (PLC) can hydrolyse phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate in isolated Golgi membranes. Our results indicate that PLCγ1 is part of the molecular mechanism that couples cargo arrival at the Golgi with DAG production to co-ordinate the formation of transport carriers for post-Golgi traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Sicart
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Casanova, 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Current address: Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Centre for the Biology of Disease and KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Du L, Zhou YD, Nagle DG. Inducers of hypoxic response: marine sesquiterpene quinones activate HIF-1. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:1175-81. [PMID: 23731014 PMCID: PMC3718637 DOI: 10.1021/np400320r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) transcription factor regulates cellular oxygen homeostasis. Agents that activate HIF-1 and downstream HIF targets represent potential drug leads for the prevention and/or treatment of ischemic disorders. In a search for small-molecule HIF-1 activators, 1936 marine invertebrate and algal extract samples (U.S. National Cancer Institute's Open Repository) were evaluated for HIF-1 activation activity in a cell-based reporter assay. Bioassay-guided fractionation of two active extracts of the sponge Dactylospongia elegans afforded four new sesquiterpene quinones (2-5), one new sesquiterpene phenol (6), the known Golgi disruptor ilimaquinone (1), and three previously reported ilimaquinone analogues (7-9). While antiproliferative activity was observed at higher concentrations, the sesquiterpene quinones (1-3) possessing a 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone moiety activated HIF-1 and increased the expression of HIF-1 target gene vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in T47D cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Du
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Yu-Dong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Corresponding Author: Tel: (662) 915-7026. Fax: (662) 915-6975. (D.G.N.). Tel: (662) 915-7026. Fax: (662) 915-6975. (Y.-D.Z.)
| | - Dale G. Nagle
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Corresponding Author: Tel: (662) 915-7026. Fax: (662) 915-6975. (D.G.N.). Tel: (662) 915-7026. Fax: (662) 915-6975. (Y.-D.Z.)
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18
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Sandvig K, Skotland T, van Deurs B, Klokk TI. Retrograde transport of protein toxins through the Golgi apparatus. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 140:317-26. [PMID: 23765164 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A number of protein toxins from plants and bacteria take advantage of transport through the Golgi apparatus to gain entry into the cytosol where they exert their action. These toxins include the plant toxin ricin, the bacterial Shiga toxins, and cholera toxin. Such toxins bind to lipids or proteins at the cell surface, and they are endocytosed both by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent mechanisms. Sorting to the Golgi and retrograde transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are common to these toxins, but the exact mechanisms turn out to be toxin and cell-type dependent. In the ER, the enzymatically active part is released and then transported into the cytosol, exploiting components of the ER-associated degradation system. In this review, we will discuss transport of different protein toxins, but we will focus on factors involved in entry and sorting of ricin and Shiga toxin into and through the Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Sandvig
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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19
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Olala LO, Seremwe M, Tsai YY, Bollag WB. A role for phospholipase D in angiotensin II-induced protein kinase D activation in adrenal glomerulosa cell models. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013. [PMID: 23178798 PMCID: PMC3656657 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid aldosterone plays an important role in regulating blood pressure, with excess causing hypertension and exacerbating cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have indicated a role for both phospholipase D (PLD) and protein kinase D (PKD) in angiotensin II (AngII)-regulated aldosterone production in adrenal glomerulosa cells. Therefore, the relationship between AngII-activated PLD and PKD was determined in two glomerulosa cell models, primary bovine zona glomerulosa (ZG) and HAC15 human adrenocortical carcinoma cells, using two inhibitors, 1-butanol and the reported PLD inhibitor, fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide (FIPI). FIPI was first confirmed to decrease PLD activation in response to AngII in the two glomerulosa cell models. Subsequently, it was shown that both 1-butanol and FIPI inhibited AngII-elicited PKD activation and aldosterone production. These results indicate that PKD is downstream of PLD and suggest that PKD is one of the mechanisms through which PLD promotes aldosterone production in response to AngII in adrenal glomerulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence O. Olala
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University (formerly the Medical College of Georgia), 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Mutsa Seremwe
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University (formerly the Medical College of Georgia), 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Ying-Ying Tsai
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University (formerly the Medical College of Georgia), 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Wendy B. Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University (formerly the Medical College of Georgia), 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
- Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medicine, Oral Biology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Health Sciences University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Wendy Bollag, Georgia Health Sciences University, Department of Physiology, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, TEL: (706) 721-0698, FAX: (706) 721-7299,
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20
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Nakagawa H, Ishizaki M, Miyazaki S, Abe T, Nishimura K, Komori M, Matsuo S. Sar1 translocation onto the ER-membrane for vesicle budding has different pathways for promotion and suppression of ER-to-Golgi transport mediated through H89-sensitive kinase and ER-resident G protein. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 366:175-82. [PMID: 22484643 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
ER-to-Golgi protein transport involves transport vesicles of which formation is initiated by assembly of Sar1. The assembly of Sar1 is suppressed by protein kinase inhibitor H89, suggesting that ER-to-Golgi transport is regulated progressively by H89 sensitive kinase. ER-resident G(i2) protein suppresses vesicle formation with inhibition of Sar1 assembly. This study examined whether these promotion and suppression of vesicle transport share the same signal pathway, by examining the effects of G(i/o) protein activator mastoparan 7 (Mp-7) and H89 on Sar1 and Sec23 recruitment onto microsomes. In a cell-free system for Sar1 translocation assay, GTPγS addition induced the translocation of Sar1 onto microsomes. Mp-7 and H89 decreased the Sar1 translocation. Double treatment of Mp-7 and H89 strongly decreased Sar1 translocation. In single and double treatments, however, G(i/o) protein inactivator pertussis toxin (IAP) partially restored the suppressive effect of Mp-7, but had not any effect on H89-induced effect. Then, the assembly of Sec23 onto the microsome was also increased by the addition of GTPγS. Sec23 translocation was decreased by Mp-7 and/or H89 treatment and recovered by IAP pretreatment except for H89 single treatment, similarly to Sar1 translocation in each treatment. Inhibitory effects of H89 and Mp-7on ER-to-Golgi vesicle transport by H89 or Mp-7 were also confirmed in a cell culture system by BFA-dispersion and BFA-reconstruction experiments. These findings indicate that promotion and suppression of ER-to-Golgi vesicle transport are modulated through separate signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Course of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Biosciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano 598-8531, Japan
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21
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Gomez-Cambronero J. The exquisite regulation of PLD2 by a wealth of interacting proteins: S6K, Grb2, Sos, WASp and Rac2 (and a surprise discovery: PLD2 is a GEF). Cell Signal 2011; 23:1885-95. [PMID: 21740967 PMCID: PMC3204931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes the conversion of the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine to choline and phosphatidic acid (PA). PLD's mission in the cell is two-fold: phospholipid turnover with maintenance of the structural integrity of cellular/intracellular membranes and cell signaling through PA and its metabolites. Precisely, through its product of the reaction, PA, PLD has been implicated in a variety of physiological cellular functions, such as intracellular protein trafficking, cytoskeletal dynamics, chemotaxis of leukocytes and cell proliferation. The catalytic (HKD) and regulatory (PH and PX) domains were studied in detail in the PLD1 isoform, but PLD2 was traditionally studied in lesser detail and much less was known about its regulation. Our laboratory has been focusing on the study of PLD2 regulation in mammalian cells. Over the past few years, we have reported, in regards to the catalytic action of PLD, that PA is a chemoattractant agent that binds to and signals inside the cell through the ribosomal S6 kinases (S6K). Regarding the regulatory domains of PLD2, we have reported the discovery of the PLD2 interaction with Grb2 via Y169 in the PX domain, and further association to Sos, which results in an increase of de novo DNA synthesis and an interaction (also with Grb2) via the adjacent residue Y179, leading to the regulation of cell ruffling, chemotaxis and phagocytosis of leukocytes. We also present the complex regulation by tyrosine phosphorylation by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) and Src and the role of phosphatases. Recently, there is evidence supporting a new level of regulation of PLD2 at the PH domain, by the discovery of CRIB domains and a Rac2-PLD2 interaction that leads to a dual (positive and negative) effect on its enzymatic activity. Lastly, we review the surprising finding of PLD2 acting as a GEF. A phospholipase such as PLD that exists already in the cell membrane that acts directly on Rac allows a quick response of the cell without intermediary signaling molecules. This provides only the latest level of PLD2 regulation in a field that promises newer and exciting advances in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gomez-Cambronero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
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22
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Abstract
The protein processing and trafficking function of the Golgi is intimately linked to multiple intracellular signaling pathways. Assembly of Golgi trafficking structures and lipid sorting at the Golgi complex is controlled and coordinated by specific phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases. The intra-Golgi transport machinery is also regulated by kinases belonging to several functionally distinct families, for example, MAP kinase signaling is required for mitotic disassembly of the Golgi. However, the Golgi plays an additional, prominent role in compartmentalizing other signaling cascades that originate at the plasma membrane or at other organelles. This article summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the signaling network that converges at the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mayinger
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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23
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Malhotra V, Campelo F. PKD regulates membrane fission to generate TGN to cell surface transport carriers. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011; 3:cshperspect.a005280. [PMID: 21421913 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a005280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinase D (PKD) is recruited to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) by binding diacylglycerol (DAG) and the ARF1 GTPase. PKD, at the TGN, promotes the production of phosphatidylinositol-4 phosphate (PI4P) by activating the lipid kinase phophatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIß (PI4KIIIß). PI4P recruits proteins such as oxysterol-binding protein 1 (OSBP) and ceramide transport protein (CERT) that control sphingolipid and sterol levels at the TGN. CERT mediated transport of ceramide to the TGN, we suggest, is used for increasing the local production and concentration of DAG. Once the crucial concentration of DAG is achieved, OSBP and CERT dissociate from the TGN on phosphorylation by PKD and DAG is sequentially converted into phosphatidic acid (PA) and lyso-PA (LPA). Therefore, the net effect of the activated PKD at the TGN is the sequential production of the modified lipids DAG, PA, and LPA that are necessary for membrane fission to generate cell surface specific transport carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Malhotra
- Center for Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Oka M, Sakaguchi M, Okada T, Nagai H, Ozaki M, Yoshioka T, Inoue H, Mukaida N, Kikkawa U, Nishigori C. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 upregulates interleukin-8 expression at the level of transcription in human melanoma cells. Exp Dermatol 2011; 19:e50-5. [PMID: 19758315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Many melanoma cells continuously produce interleukin-8 (IL-8). The involvement of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the constant production of IL-8 in melanoma cells was examined. The level of IL-8 production correlated well with that of the phosphorylated (activated) STAT3 in six human melanoma cell lines. Introduction of the constitutively activated form of STAT3 (STAT3-C) into WM35 melanoma cells, that show low levels of IL-8 and phosphorylated STAT3, enhanced IL-8 production. Knockdown of STAT3 suppressed IL-8 production in WM1205Lu cells that contain a high level of IL-8 accompanied by STAT3 phosphorylation. Introduction of STAT3-C markedly increased the luciferase activity in WM1205Lu cells transfected with reporter vectors linked to the 5'-flanking region of the IL-8 gene from -546 to +44 base pair (bp) and from -272 to +44 bp, but not in cells expressing reporter plasmids from -133 to +44 bp and from -98 to +44 bp. These results indicate that the upregulation of IL-8 production is caused by constitutive STAT3 activation at the level of gene transcription in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Oka
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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25
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Graham TR, Burd CG. Coordination of Golgi functions by phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases. Trends Cell Biol 2010; 21:113-21. [PMID: 21282087 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4Ks) regulate vesicle-mediated export from the Golgi apparatus via phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) binding effector proteins that control vesicle budding reactions and regulate membrane dynamics. Evidence has emerged from the characterization of Golgi PI4K effectors that vesicle budding and lipid dynamics are tightly coupled via a regulatory network that ensures that the appropriate membrane composition is established before a transport vesicle buds from the Golgi. An important hub of this network is protein kinase D, which regulates the activity of PI4K and several PtdIns4P effectors that control sphingolipid and sterol content of Golgi membranes. Other newly identified PtdIns4P effectors include Vps74/GOLPH3, a phospholipid flippase called Drs2 and Sec2, a Rab guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). These effectors orchestrate membrane transformation events facilitating vesicle formation and targeting. In this review, we discuss how PtdIns4P signaling is integrated with membrane biosynthetic and vesicle budding machineries to potentially coordinate these crucial functions of the Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd R Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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26
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Riebeling C, Morris AJ, Shields D. Phospholipase D in the Golgi apparatus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:876-80. [PMID: 19376267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D has long been implicated in vesicle formation and vesicular transport through the secretory pathway. The Golgi apparatus has been shown to exhibit a plethora of mechanisms of vesicle formation at different stages to accommodate a wide variety of cargo. Phospholipase D has been found on the Golgi apparatus and is regulated by ADP-ribosylation factors which are themselves regulators of vesicle trafficking. Moreover, the product of phospholipase D activity, phosphatidic acid, as well as its degradation product diacylglycerol, have been implicated in vesicle fission and fusion events. Here we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the role of phospholipase D at the Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Riebeling
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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27
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Haga Y, Miwa N, Jahangeer S, Okada T, Nakamura SI. CtBP1/BARS is an activator of phospholipase D1 necessary for agonist-induced macropinocytosis. EMBO J 2009; 28:1197-207. [PMID: 19322195 PMCID: PMC2664659 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular trafficking such as macropinocytosis is a dynamic process that requires coordinated interactions between specialized proteins and lipids. A recent report suggests the involvement of CtBP1/BARS in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced macropinocytosis. Detailed mechanisms as to how lipid remodelling is regulated during macropinocytosis are still undefined. Here, we show that CtBP1/BARS is a physiological activator of PLD1 required in agonist-induced macropinocytosis. EGF-induced macropinocytosis was specifically blocked by 1-butanol but not by 2-butanol. In addition, stimulation of cells by serum or EGF resulted in the association of CtBP1/BARS with PLD1. Finally, CtBP1/BARS activated PLD1 in a synergistic manner with other PLD activators, including ADP-ribosylation factors as demonstrated by in vitro and intact cell systems. The present results shed light on the molecular basis of how the ‘fission protein' CtBP1/BARS controls vesicular trafficking events including macropinocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Haga
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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28
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Sharlow ER, Giridhar KV, LaValle CR, Chen J, Leimgruber S, Barrett R, Bravo-Altamirano K, Wipf P, Lazo JS, Wang QJ. Potent and selective disruption of protein kinase D functionality by a benzoxoloazepinolone. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:33516-26. [PMID: 18829454 PMCID: PMC2586241 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805358200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a novel family of serine/threonine kinases targeted by the second messenger diacylglycerol. It has been implicated in many important cellular processes and pathological conditions. However, further analysis of PKD in these processes is severely hampered by the lack of a PKD-specific inhibitor that can be readily applied to cells and in animal models. We now report the discovery of the first potent and selective cell-active small molecule inhibitor for PKD, benzoxoloazepinolone (CID755673). This inhibitor was identified from the National Institutes of Health small molecule repository library of 196,173 compounds using a human PKD1 (PKCmu)-based fluorescence polarization high throughput screening assay. CID755673 suppressed half of the PKD1 enzyme activity at 182 nm and exhibited selective PKD1 inhibition when compared with AKT, polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), CDK activating kinase (CAK), CAMKIIalpha, and three different PKC isoforms. Moreover, it was not competitive with ATP for enzyme inhibition. In cell-based assays, CID755673 blocked phorbol ester-induced endogenous PKD1 activation in LNCaP cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Functionally, CID755673 inhibited the known biological actions of PKD1 including phorbol ester-induced class IIa histone deacetylase 5 nuclear exclusion, vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, and the ilimaquinone-induced Golgi fragmentation. Moreover, CID755673 inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation, cell migration, and invasion. In summary, our findings indicate that CID755673 is a potent and selective PKD1 inhibitor with valuable pharmacological and cell biological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Sharlow
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Asp L, Kartberg F, Fernandez-Rodriguez J, Smedh M, Elsner M, Laporte F, Bárcena M, Jansen KA, Valentijn JA, Koster AJ, Bergeron JJM, Nilsson T. Early stages of Golgi vesicle and tubule formation require diacylglycerol. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 20:780-90. [PMID: 19037109 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-03-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the role for diacylglycerol (DAG) in membrane bud formation in the Golgi apparatus. Addition of propranolol to specifically inhibit phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP), an enzyme responsible for converting phosphatidic acid into DAG, effectively prevents formation of membrane buds. The effect of PAP inhibition on Golgi membranes is rapid and occurs within 3 min. Removal of the PAP inhibitor then results in a rapid burst of buds, vesicles, and tubules that peaks within 2 min. The inability to form buds in the presence of propranolol does not appear to be correlated with a loss of ARFGAP1 from Golgi membranes, as knockdown of ARFGAP1 by RNA interference has little or no effect on actual bud formation. Rather, knockdown of ARFGAP1 results in an increase in membrane buds and a decrease of vesicles and tubules suggesting it functions in the late stages of scission. How DAG promotes bud formation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Asp
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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