1
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Hossain MA. Targeting the RAS upstream and downstream signaling pathway for cancer treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176727. [PMID: 38866361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cancer often involves the overactivation of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways due to mutations in genes like RAS, RAF, PTEN, and PIK3CA. Various strategies are employed to address the overactivation of these pathways, among which targeted therapy emerges as a promising approach. Directly targeting specific proteins, leads to encouraging results in cancer treatment. For instance, RTK inhibitors such as imatinib and afatinib selectively target these receptors, hindering ligand binding and reducing signaling initiation. These inhibitors have shown potent efficacy against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Other inhibitors, like lonafarnib targeting Farnesyltransferase and GGTI 2418 targeting geranylgeranyl Transferase, disrupt post-translational modifications of proteins. Additionally, inhibition of proteins like SOS, SH2 domain, and Ras demonstrate promising anti-tumor activity both in vivo and in vitro. Targeting downstream components with RAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and sorafenib, along with MEK inhibitors like trametinib and binimetinib, has shown promising outcomes in treating cancers with BRAF-V600E mutations, including myeloma, colorectal, and thyroid cancers. Furthermore, inhibitors of PI3K (e.g., apitolisib, copanlisib), AKT (e.g., ipatasertib, perifosine), and mTOR (e.g., sirolimus, temsirolimus) exhibit promising efficacy against various cancers such as Invasive Breast Cancer, Lymphoma, Neoplasms, and Hematological malignancies. This review offers an overview of small molecule inhibitors targeting specific proteins within the RAS upstream and downstream signaling pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arafat Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
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2
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Cheng Q, Wu J, Xia Y, Cheng Q, Zhao Y, Zhu P, Zhang W, Zhang S, Zhang L, Yuan Y, Li C, Chen G, Xue B. Disruption of protein geranylgeranylation in the cerebellum causes cerebellar hypoplasia and ataxia via blocking granule cell progenitor proliferation. Mol Brain 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 36782228 PMCID: PMC9923931 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The prenylation of proteins is involved in a variety of biological functions. However, it remains unknown whether it plays an important role in the morphogenesis of the cerebellum. To address this question, we generated a mouse model, in which the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (Ggps1) gene is inactivated in neural progenitor cells in the developing cerebellum. We report that conditional knockout (cKO) of Ggps1 leads to severe ataxia and deficient locomotion. To identify the underlying mechanisms, we completed a series of cellular and molecular experiments. First, our morphological analysis revealed significantly decreased population of granule cell progenitors (GCPs) and impaired proliferation of GCPs in the developing cerebellum of Ggps1 cKO mice. Second, our molecular analysis showed increased expression of p21, an important cell cycle regulator in Ggps1 cKO mice. Together, this study highlights a critical role of Ggpps-dependent protein prenylation in the proliferation of cerebellar GCPs during cerebellar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cheng
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XMedical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Jing Wu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Yingqian Xia
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XMedical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Qing Cheng
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004 Jiangsu China
| | - Yinjuan Zhao
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu China
| | - Peixiang Zhu
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XMedical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Wangling Zhang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XMedical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Shihu Zhang
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medical Imaging Center of Fuyang People’s Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui Province China
| | - Yushan Yuan
- Medical Imaging Center of Fuyang People’s Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui Province China
| | - Chaojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and China International Joint Research Center On Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Guiquan Chen
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. .,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Bin Xue
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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3
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Marchwicka A, Kamińska D, Monirialamdari M, Błażewska KM, Gendaszewska-Darmach E. Protein Prenyltransferases and Their Inhibitors: Structural and Functional Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105424. [PMID: 35628237 PMCID: PMC9141697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein prenylation is a post-translational modification controlling the localization, activity, and protein–protein interactions of small GTPases, including the Ras superfamily. This covalent attachment of either a farnesyl (15 carbon) or a geranylgeranyl (20 carbon) isoprenoid group is catalyzed by four prenyltransferases, namely farnesyltransferase (FTase), geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I), Rab geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase-II), and recently discovered geranylgeranyltransferase type III (GGTase-III). Blocking small GTPase activity, namely inhibiting prenyltransferases, has been proposed as a potential disease treatment method. Inhibitors of prenyltransferase have resulted in substantial therapeutic benefits in various diseases, such as cancer, neurological disorders, and viral and parasitic infections. In this review, we overview the structure of FTase, GGTase-I, GGTase-II, and GGTase-III and summarize the current status of research on their inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Marchwicka
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; (A.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Daria Kamińska
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; (A.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Mohsen Monirialamdari
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (K.M.B.)
| | - Katarzyna M. Błażewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (K.M.B.)
| | - Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; (A.M.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Małolepsza J, Marchwicka A, Serwa RA, Niinivehmas SP, Pentikäinen OT, Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Błażewska KM. Rational design, optimization, and biological evaluation of novel α-Phosphonopropionic acids as covalent inhibitors of Rab geranylgeranyl transferase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:940-951. [PMID: 35354390 PMCID: PMC8973367 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2053525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase-II, RGGT) catalyses the post-translational modification of eukaryotic Rab GTPases, proteins implicated in several pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and infectious diseases. Thus, RGGT inhibitors are believed to be a potential platform for the development of drugs and tools for studying processes related to the abnormal activity of Rab GTPases. Here, a series of new α-phosphonocarboxylates have been prepared in the first attempt of rational design of covalent inhibitors of RGGT derived from non-covalent inhibitors. These compounds were equipped with electrophilic groups capable of binding cysteines, which are present in the catalytic cavity of RGGT. A few of these analogues have shown micromolar activity against RGGT, which correlated with their ability to inhibit the proliferation of the HeLa cancer cell line. The proposed mechanism of this inhibitory activity was rationalised by molecular docking and mass spectrometric measurements, supported by stability and reactivity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Małolepsza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Marchwicka
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Remigiusz A Serwa
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sanna P Niinivehmas
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Pentikäinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M Błażewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
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5
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Coley AB, Ward A, Keeton AB, Chen X, Maxuitenko Y, Prakash A, Li F, Foote JB, Buchsbaum DJ, Piazza GA. Pan-RAS inhibitors: Hitting multiple RAS isozymes with one stone. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 153:131-168. [PMID: 35101229 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the three RAS oncogenes are present in approximately 30% of all human cancers that drive tumor growth and metastasis by aberrant activation of RAS-mediated signaling. Despite the well-established role of RAS in tumorigenesis, past efforts to develop small molecule inhibitors have failed for various reasons leading many to consider RAS as "undruggable." Advances over the past decade with KRAS(G12C) mutation-specific inhibitors have culminated in the first FDA-approved RAS drug, sotorasib. However, the patient population that stands to benefit from KRAS(G12C) inhibitors is inherently limited to those patients harboring KRAS(G12C) mutations. Additionally, both intrinsic and acquired mechanisms of resistance have been reported that indicate allele-specificity may afford disadvantages. For example, the compensatory activation of uninhibited wild-type (WT) NRAS and HRAS isozymes can rescue cancer cells harboring KRAS(G12C) mutations from allele-specific inhibition or the occurrence of other mutations in KRAS. It is therefore prudent to consider alternative drug discovery strategies that may overcome these potential limitations. One such approach is pan-RAS inhibition, whereby all RAS isozymes co-expressed in the tumor cell population are targeted by a single inhibitor to block constitutively activated RAS regardless of the underlying mutation. This chapter provides a review of past and ongoing strategies to develop pan-RAS inhibitors in detail and seeks to outline the trajectory of this promising strategy of RAS inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Coley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States; Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Antonio Ward
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States; Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Adam B Keeton
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Yulia Maxuitenko
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Jeremy B Foote
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Donald J Buchsbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gary A Piazza
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.
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6
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Xie X, Kendzior MC, Ge X, Mainzer LS, Sinha S. VarSAn: associating pathways with a set of genomic variants using network analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:8471-8487. [PMID: 34313777 PMCID: PMC8421213 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need today to mechanistically interpret sets of genomic variants associated with diseases. Here we present a tool called ‘VarSAn’ that uses a network analysis algorithm to identify pathways relevant to a given set of variants. VarSAn analyzes a configurable network whose nodes represent variants, genes and pathways, using a Random Walk with Restarts algorithm to rank pathways for relevance to the given variants, and reports P-values for pathway relevance. It treats non-coding and coding variants differently, properly accounts for the number of pathways impacted by each variant and identifies relevant pathways even if many variants do not directly impact genes of the pathway. We use VarSAn to identify pathways relevant to variants related to cancer and several other diseases, as well as drug response variation. We find VarSAn's pathway ranking to be complementary to the standard approach of enrichment tests on genes related to the query set. We adopt a novel benchmarking strategy to quantify its advantage over this baseline approach. Finally, we use VarSAn to discover key pathways, including the VEGFA-VEGFR2 pathway, related to de novo variants in patients of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, a rare and severe congenital heart defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Xie
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Matthew C Kendzior
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xiyu Ge
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Liudmila S Mainzer
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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7
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Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Garstka MA, Błażewska KM. Targeting Small GTPases and Their Prenylation in Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9677-9710. [PMID: 34236862 PMCID: PMC8389838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A fundamental role
of pancreatic β-cells to maintain proper
blood glucose level is controlled by the Ras superfamily of small
GTPases that undergo post-translational modifications, including prenylation.
This covalent attachment with either a farnesyl or a geranylgeranyl
group controls their localization, activity, and protein–protein
interactions. Small GTPases are critical in maintaining glucose homeostasis
acting in the pancreas and metabolically active tissues such as skeletal
muscles, liver, or adipocytes. Hyperglycemia-induced upregulation
of small GTPases suggests that inhibition of these pathways deserves
to be considered as a potential therapeutic approach in treating T2D.
This Perspective presents how inhibition of various points in the
mevalonate pathway might affect protein prenylation and functioning
of diabetes-affected tissues and contribute to chronic inflammation
involved in diabetes mellitus (T2D) development. We also demonstrate
the currently available molecular tools to decipher the mechanisms
linking the mevalonate pathway’s enzymes and GTPases with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego Street 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Malgorzata A Garstka
- Core Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Tumor and Immunology, Precision Medical Institute, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Port, School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, DaMingGong, Jian Qiang Road, Wei Yang district, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Katarzyna M Błażewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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8
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Li H, Wang H, Sokulsky L, Liu S, Yang R, Liu X, Zhou L, Li J, Huang C, Li F, Lei X, Jia H, Cheng J, Li F, Yang M, Zhang G. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals key immune cell phenotypes in the lungs of patients with asthma exacerbation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:941-954. [PMID: 33039479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma exacerbations are associated with heightened asthma symptoms, which can result in hospitalization in severe cases. However, the molecular immunologic processes that determine the course of an exacerbation remain poorly understood, impeding the progression of development of effective therapies. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to identify candidate genes that are strongly associated with asthma exacerbation at a cellular level. METHODS Subjects with asthma exacerbation and healthy control subjects were recruited, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was isolated from these subjects via bronchoscopy. Cells were isolated through fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on enriched cell populations. RESULTS We showed that the levels of monocytes, CD8+ T cells, and macrophages are significantly elevated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients. A set of cytokines and intracellular transduction regulators are associated with asthma exacerbations and are shared across multiple cell clusters, forming a complicated molecular framework. An additional group of core exacerbation-associated modules is activated, including eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signaling, ephrin receptor signaling, and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 signaling in the subpopulations of CD8+ T cells (C1-a) and monocyte clusters (C7 clusters), which are associated with infection. CONCLUSION Our study identified a significant number of severe asthma-associated genes that are differentially expressed by multiple cell clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huaqi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leon Sokulsky
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Shaoxia Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lujia Zhou
- Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chun Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Jia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiuling Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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9
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Kusy D, Marchwicka A, Małolepsza J, Justyna K, Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Błażewska KM. Synthesis of the 6-Substituted Imidazo[1,2-a]Pyridine-3-yl-2- Phosphonopropionic Acids as Potential Inhibitors of Rab Geranylgeranyl Transferase. Front Chem 2021; 8:596162. [PMID: 33490034 PMCID: PMC7815931 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.596162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve phosphonopropionates derived from 2-hydroxy-3-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl-2-phosphonopropionic acid (3-IPEHPC) were synthesized and evaluated for their activity as inhibitors of protein geranylgeranylation. The nature of the substituent in the C6 position of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring was responsible for the compound's activity against Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (RGGT). The most active inhibitors disrupted Rab11A prenylation in the human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell line. The esterification of carboxylic acid in the phosphonopropionate moiety turned the inhibitor into an inactive analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Kusy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Marchwicka
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Małolepsza
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Justyna
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland.,Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
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10
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Huang Y, Liao J, Wang W, Liu H, Guo H. Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds through nucleophilic phosphine catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15235-15281. [PMID: 33320123 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05699e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophilic phosphine catalysis is a practical and powerful tool for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds with the advantages of environmentally friendly, metal-free, and mild reaction conditions. The present report summarizes the construction of four to eight-membered heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur atoms through phosphine-catalyzed intramolecular annulations and intermolecular [2+2], [3+2], [4+1], [3+1+1], [5+1], [4+2], [2+2+2], [3+3], [4+3] and [3+2+3] annulations of electron-deficient alkenes, allenes, alkynes and Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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11
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Manaswiyoungkul P, de Araujo ED, Gunning PT. Targeting prenylation inhibition through the mevalonate pathway. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:51-71. [PMID: 33479604 PMCID: PMC7485146 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00442d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein prenylation is a critical mediator in several diseases including cancer and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Therapeutic intervention has focused primarily on directly targeting the prenyltransferase enzymes, FTase and GGTase I and II. To date, several drugs have advanced to clinical trials and while promising, they have yet to gain approval in a medical setting due to off-target effects and compensatory mechanisms activated by the body which results in drug resistance. While the development of dual inhibitors has mitigated undesirable side effects, potency remains sub-optimal for clinical development. An alternative approach involves antagonizing the upstream mevalonate pathway enzymes, FPPS and GGPPS, which mediate prenylation as well as cholesterol synthesis. The development of these inhibitors presents novel opportunities for dual inhibition of cancer-driven prenylation as well as cholesterol accumulation. Herein, we highlight progress towards the development of inhibitors against the prenylation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimyupa Manaswiyoungkul
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Elvin D de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Rd N. , Mississauga , Ontario L5L 1C6 , Canada .
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Rd N. , Mississauga , Ontario L5L 1C6 , Canada .
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
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12
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Shaikh AC, Kwon O. Discussion Addendum for: Phosphine-Catalyzed [4 + 2] Annulation: Synthesis of Ethyl 6-Phenyl-1-tosyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate. ORGANIC SYNTHESES; AN ANNUAL PUBLICATION OF SATISFACTORY METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS 2019; 96:110-123. [PMID: 31736515 PMCID: PMC6857787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aslam C Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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Abstract
The hallmark of nucleophilic phosphine catalysis is the initial nucleophilic addition of a phosphine to an electrophilic starting material, producing a reactive zwitterionic intermediate, generally under mild conditions. In this Review, we classify nucleophilic phosphine catalysis reactions in terms of their electrophilic components. In the majority of cases, these electrophiles possess carbon-carbon multiple bonds: alkenes (section 2), allenes (section 3), alkynes (section 4), and Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) alcohol derivatives (MBHADs; section 5). Within each of these sections, the reactions are compiled based on the nature of the second starting material-nucleophiles, dinucleophiles, electrophiles, and electrophile-nucleophiles. Nucleophilic phosphine catalysis reactions that occur via the initial addition to starting materials that do not possess carbon-carbon multiple bonds are collated in section 6. Although not catalytic in the phosphine, the formation of ylides through the nucleophilic addition of phosphines to carbon-carbon multiple bond-containing compounds is intimately related to the catalysis and is discussed in section 7. Finally, section 8 compiles miscellaneous topics, including annulations of the Hüisgen zwitterion, phosphine-mediated reductions, iminophosphorane organocatalysis, and catalytic variants of classical phosphine oxide-generating reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yi Chiao Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Zhanhu Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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Joachimiak Ł, Marchwicka A, Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Błażewska KM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Imidazole-Bearing α-Phosphonocarboxylates as Inhibitors of Rab Geranylgeranyl Transferase (RGGT). ChemMedChem 2018; 13:842-851. [PMID: 29498238 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (RGGT) is an interesting therapeutic target, as it ensures proper functioning of Rab GTPases, a class of enzymes responsible for the regulation of vesicle trafficking. Relying on our previous studies, we synthesized a set of new α-phosphonocarboxylic acids as potential RGGT inhibitors, with emphasis on the elaboration of imidazole-containing analogues. We identified two compounds with activity similar to that of previously reported RGGT inhibitors, showing structural similarity to imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-containing analogues in terms of their substitution pattern. Interestingly, analogues of the N-series, derived from another phosphonocarboxylate RGGT inhibitor, 2-fluoro-3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-2-phosphonopropanoic acid, turned out to be inactive in our model, indicating that an additional substituent localized at positions C2 or C4 of the imidazole ring, may adversely affect the potency against the targeted enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Joachimiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Żeromskiego Str. 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Marchwicka
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Stefanowskiego Str. 4/10, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Stefanowskiego Str. 4/10, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M Błażewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Żeromskiego Str. 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
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15
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Marín-Ramos NI, Ortega-Gutiérrez S, López-Rodríguez ML. Blocking Ras inhibition as an antitumor strategy. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 54:91-100. [PMID: 29409706 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ras proteins are among the most frequently mutated drivers in human cancer and remain an elusive pharmaceutical targeting. Previous studies have improved the understanding of Ras structure, processing, and signaling pathways in cancer cells and have opened new possibilities for inhibiting Ras function. In this review we discuss the most recent advances towards inhibiting Ras activity with small molecules, highlighting the two approaches: (i) compounds that bind directly to Ras protein and (ii) inhibitors of the enzymes involved in the post-translational modifications of Ras. In the former, we analyze the most recent contributions in each of the main classes of Ras direct binders, including the different types of nucleotide exchange inhibitors, allosteric compounds, and molecules that interfere with the interaction between Ras and its effectors. In the latter, we examine the compounds that inhibit Ras activation by blocking any of its post-translational modifications. Also, a special focus is made on those molecules that have progressed the farthest from medicinal chemistry and drug development points of view. Finally, the current scene regarding the clinical trials of Ras inhibitors, together with the future promising avenues for further development of the challenging Ras field are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagore I Marín-Ramos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Silvia Ortega-Gutiérrez
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María L López-Rodríguez
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Jiang H, Zhang X, Chen X, Aramsangtienchai P, Tong Z, Lin H. Protein Lipidation: Occurrence, Mechanisms, Biological Functions, and Enabling Technologies. Chem Rev 2018; 118:919-988. [PMID: 29292991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein lipidation, including cysteine prenylation, N-terminal glycine myristoylation, cysteine palmitoylation, and serine and lysine fatty acylation, occurs in many proteins in eukaryotic cells and regulates numerous biological pathways, such as membrane trafficking, protein secretion, signal transduction, and apoptosis. We provide a comprehensive review of protein lipidation, including descriptions of proteins known to be modified and the functions of the modifications, the enzymes that control them, and the tools and technologies developed to study them. We also highlight key questions about protein lipidation that remain to be answered, the challenges associated with answering such questions, and possible solutions to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiao Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Pornpun Aramsangtienchai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhen Tong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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17
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Kaźmierczak A, Kusy D, Niinivehmas SP, Gmach J, Joachimiak Ł, Pentikäinen OT, Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Błażewska KM. Identification of the Privileged Position in the Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine Ring of Phosphonocarboxylates for Development of Rab Geranylgeranyl Transferase (RGGT) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8781-8800. [PMID: 28953373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Rab GTPase family are master regulators of vesicle trafficking. When disregulated, they are associated with a number of pathological states. The inhibition of RGGT, an enzyme responsible for post-translational geranylgeranylation of Rab GTPases represents one way to control the activity of these proteins. Because the number of molecules modulating RGGT is limited, we combined molecular modeling with biological assays to ascertain how modifications of phosphonocarboxylates, the first reported RGGT inhibitors, rationally improve understanding of their structure-activity relationship. We have identified the privileged position in the core scaffold of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring, which can be modified without compromising compounds' potency. Thus modified compounds are micromolar inhibitors of Rab11A prenylation, simultaneously being inactive against Rap1A/Rap1B modification, with the ability to inhibit proliferation of the HeLa cancer cell line. These findings were rationalized by molecular docking, which recognized interaction of phosphonic and carboxylic groups as decisive in phosphonocarboxylate localization in the RGGT binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kaźmierczak
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology , Stefanowskiego Street 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Damian Kusy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology , Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Sanna P Niinivehmas
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science & Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä , P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Joanna Gmach
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology , Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Łukasz Joachimiak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology , Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Olli T Pentikäinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science & Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä , P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku , FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology , Stefanowskiego Street 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M Błażewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology , Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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18
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Abdullah MI, Abed MN, Richardson A. Inhibition of the mevalonate pathway augments the activity of pitavastatin against ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8090. [PMID: 28808351 PMCID: PMC5556066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08649-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Only 40% of patients with advanced ovarian cancer survive more than 5 years. We have previously shown that pitavastatin induces regression of ovarian cancer xenografts in mice. To evaluate whether the response of ovarian cancer cells to pitavastatin is potentiated by farnesyl diphosphate synthase inhibitors or geranylgeraniol transferase I inhibitors, we evaluated combinations of pitavastatin with zoledronic acid, risedronate and GGTI-2133 in a panel of ovarian cancer cells. Pitavastatin (IC50 = 0.6–14 μM), zoledronic acid (IC50 = 21–57 μM), risedronate (IC50 > 100 μM) or GGTI-2133 (IC50 > 25 μM) inhibited the growth of ovarian cancer cell cultures. Combinations of pitavastatin with zoledronic acid displayed additive or synergistic effects in cell growth assays in 10 of 11 cell lines evaluated as well as in trypan blue exclusion, cellular ATP or caspase 3/7, 8 and 9 assays. Pitavastatin reduced levels of GGT-IIβ and the membrane localization of several small GTPases and this was potentiated by zoledronic acid. siRNA to GGT-Iβ and GGT-IIβ used in combination, but not when used individually, significantly increased the sensitivity of cells to pitavastatin. These data suggest that zoledronic acid, a drug already in clinical use, may be usefully combined with pitavastatin in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Ibrahim Abdullah
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornborrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Mohammed Najim Abed
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornborrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Alan Richardson
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornborrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. .,School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom.
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19
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High resolution mass spectrometry based method applicable for a wide range of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors in blood serum including intermediates and products of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1489:86-94. [PMID: 28209347 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Statins belong to the major class of hypolipidemic drugs. They act as competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. This inhibition not only leads to the depletion of cholesterol and its fatty acid esters, but also to the depletion of the intermediates of this metabolic pathway (mainly pyrophosphates), which can play an important role in tumor proliferation. The aim of the current study was to establish a versatile multi-analyte method capable of quantitative determination of various currently-used statins, together with free cholesterol (FC), cholesterol esters (CEs), and some key intermediates of the mevalonate pathway occurring in human serum. Various methods of sample preparation were examined in order to minimize the content of potentially interfering serum proteins, and simultaneously to assure acceptable recovery of the target analytes. Following protein precipitation with 2-propanol, separation of the sample components using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem high resolution mass spectrometry (U-HPLC-HRMS/MS) was performed, employing a hyphenated quadrupole Orbitrap mass analyzer. The potential of the developed method was validated on human serum samples from patients treated with statins. This versatile method possesses wide applicability, in both clinical and experimental medicine.
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20
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Huang Z, Chen Q, Yang X, Liu Y, Zhang L, Lu T, Zhou Q. Phosphine-mediated domino reactions of phthalimidomalonates with allenoates or but-2-ynoate: facile entry into highly functionalized pyrroloisoindolinone derivatives. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00775a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A phosphine-mediated γ-umpolung/Wittig/γ-umpolung reaction between phthalimidomalonates and allenoates/but-2-ynoate furnishes highly functionalized pyrroloisoindolinone derivatives in synthetically useful yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhusheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Xiuqin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Qingfa Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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21
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Pyrazole-based potent inhibitors of GGT1: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:666-676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Han X, Chan WL, Yao W, Wang Y, Lu Y. Phosphine-mediated Highly Enantioselective Spirocyclization with Ketimines as Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical & Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering/School of Light Industry; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; No. 318 Liuhe Road Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore (NUS); 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Weijun Yao
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore (NUS); 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Yongjiang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical & Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering/School of Light Industry; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; No. 318 Liuhe Road Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore (NUS); 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
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23
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Han X, Chan WL, Yao W, Wang Y, Lu Y. Phosphine-mediated Highly Enantioselective Spirocyclization with Ketimines as Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6492-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical & Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering/School of Light Industry; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; No. 318 Liuhe Road Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore (NUS); 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Weijun Yao
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore (NUS); 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Yongjiang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical & Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering/School of Light Industry; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; No. 318 Liuhe Road Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore (NUS); 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
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Joachimiak Ł, Janczewski Ł, Ciekot J, Boratyński J, Błażewska K. Applying the prodrug strategy to α-phosphonocarboxylate inhibitors of Rab GGTase--synthesis and stability studies. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:6844-56. [PMID: 26018626 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00281h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen novel prodrug-like analogs of two highly ionic phosphonocarboxylate inhibitors of Rab geranylgeranyl transferase were synthesized and preliminary assessment of their chemical and enzymatic stability was evaluated in buffers (pH 6.5 and 7.4) and rat intestinal homogenate (pH 6.5). Both acidic groups in phosphonocarboxylates were subject to modification. Phosphonic acid was protected either as bis(acyloxyalkyl) ester or phosphonodiamidate derived from amino acids. The carboxylic acid group was either left unchanged or was studied as ethyl ester. The compounds exhibited favorable stability in physiologically relevant pH (t1/2 above 18 h), while in intestinal homogenate they showed a large variety of half-lives (from 5 minutes to over 150 hours). LC MS studies have shown that the main product of decomposition under studied conditions resulted from cleavage of one of the ester (for acyloxyalkyl analogs) or amide (for phosphonodiamidate) bonds with phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Joachimiak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
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Xiao Y, Guo H, Kwon O. Nucleophilic Chiral Phosphines: Powerful and Versatile Catalysts for Asymmetric Annulations. ALDRICHIMICA ACTA 2016; 49:3-13. [PMID: 28077882 PMCID: PMC5222341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in chiral-phosphine-catalyzed asymmetric annulation reactions; including annulations of allenes, alkynes, Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) carbonates, and ketenes; and their applications in the synthesis of bioactive molecules and natural products are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Xiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Hongchao Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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26
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Lu J, Yoshimura K, Goto K, Lee C, Hamura K, Kwon O, Tamanoi F. Nanoformulation of Geranylgeranyltransferase-I Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy: Liposomal Encapsulation and pH-Dependent Delivery to Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137595. [PMID: 26352258 PMCID: PMC4564137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors against protein geranylgeranyltransferase-I such as P61A6 have been shown to inhibit proliferation of a variety of human cancer cells and exhibit antitumor activity in mouse models. Development of these inhibitors could be dramatically accelerated by conferring tumor targeting and controlled release capability. As a first step towards this goal, we have encapsulated P61A6 into a new type of liposomes that open and release cargos only under low pH condition. These low pH-release type liposomes were prepared by adjusting the ratio of two types of phospholipid derivatives. Loading of geranylgeranyltransferase-I inhibitor (GGTI) generated liposomes with average diameter of 50–100 nm. GGTI release in solution was sharply dependent on pH values, only showing release at pH lower than 6. Release of cargos in a pH-dependent manner inside the cell was demonstrated by the use of a proton pump inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 that Increased lysosomal pH and inhibited the release of a dye carried in the pH-liposome. Delivery of GGTI to human pancreatic cancer cells was demonstrated by the inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation inside the cell and this effect was blocked by Bafilomycin A1. In addition, GGTI delivered by pH-liposomes induced proliferation inhibition, G1 cell cycle arrest that is associated with the expression of cell cycle regulator p21CIP1/WAF1. Proliferation inhibition was also observed with various lung cancer cell lines. Availability of nanoformulated GGTI opens up the possibility to combine with other types of inhibitors. To demonstrate this point, we combined the liposomal-GGTI with farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) to inhibit K-Ras signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. Our results show that the activated K-Ras signaling in these cells can be effectively inhibited and that synergistic effect of the two drugs is observed. Our results suggest a new direction in the use of GGTI for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Kohei Yoshimura
- DDS Research Laboratory, NOF CORPORATION, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210–0865, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Craig Lee
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Ken Hamura
- DDS Research Laboratory, NOF CORPORATION, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210–0865, Japan
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
- Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rho GTPases are master regulators of actomyosin structure and dynamics and play pivotal roles in a variety of cellular processes including cell morphology, gene transcription, cell cycle progression, and cell adhesion. Because aberrant Rho GTPase signaling activities are widely associated with human cancer, key components of Rho GTPase signaling pathways have attracted increasing interest as potential therapeutic targets. Similar to Ras, Rho GTPases themselves were, until recently, deemed "undruggable" because of structure-function considerations. Several approaches to interfere with Rho GTPase signaling have been explored and show promise as new ways for tackling cancer cells. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the recent progress in targeting the signaling activities of three prototypical Rho GTPases, that is, RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42. The authors describe the involvement of these Rho GTPases, their key regulators and effectors in cancer. Furthermore, the authors discuss the current approaches for rationally targeting aberrant Rho GTPases along their signaling cascades, upstream and downstream of Rho GTPases, and posttranslational modifications at a molecular level. EXPERT OPINION To date, while no clinically effective drugs targeting Rho GTPase signaling for cancer treatment are available, tool compounds and lead drugs that pharmacologically inhibit Rho GTPase pathways have shown promise. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting Rho GTPase signaling may add new treatment options for future precision cancer therapy, particularly in combination with other anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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Zhou X, Born EJ, Allen C, Holstein SA, Wiemer DF. N-Oxide derivatives of 3-(3-pyridyl)-2-phosphonopropanoic acids as potential inhibitors of Rab geranylgeranylation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2331-4. [PMID: 25935643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The N-oxide derivatives of [2-(3-pyridinyl)-1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-phosphonocarboxylic acid (or PEHPC) and [2-(3-pyridinyl)-1-ethylidene-1,1-phosphonocarboxylic acid (or PEPC) have been prepared and evaluated for their activity against several enzymes which utilize isoprenoids. The parent pyridines are known inhibitors of GGTase II, but the N-oxide derivatives show no improvement in biological activity in assays with the isolated enzyme. However, the PEHPC N-oxide did induce significant accumulation of intracellular light chain in myeloma cells, consistent with inhibition of Rab geranylgeranylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1294, USA
| | - Ella J Born
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1294, USA
| | - Cheryl Allen
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sarah A Holstein
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - David F Wiemer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1294, USA.
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29
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Mortazavi F, Lu J, Phan R, Lewis M, Trinidad K, Aljilani A, Pezeshkpour G, Tamanoi F. Significance of KRAS/PAK1/Crk pathway in non-small cell lung cancer oncogenesis. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:381. [PMID: 25956913 PMCID: PMC4477307 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Key effector(s) of mutated KRAS in lung cancer progression and metastasis are unknown. Here we investigated the role of PAK1/Crk axis in transduction of the oncogenic KRAS signal in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We used NSCLC clinical specimens to examine the correlation among KRAS mutations (codon 12, 13 and 61); PAK1/Crk axis activation [p-PAK1(Thr423), p-Crk(Ser41)]; and adhesion molecules expression by immunohistochemistry. For assessing the role of proto-oncogene c-Crk as a KRAS effector, we inhibited KRAS in NSCLC cells by a combination of farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) and geranylgeranyltransferase inhibitor (GGTI) and measured p-Crk-II(Ser41) by western blotting. Finally, we disrupted the signaling network downstream of KRAS by blocking KRAS/PAK1/Crk axis with PAK1 inhibitors (i.e., IPA-3, FRAX597 or FRAX1036) along with partial inhibition of all other KRAS effectors by prenylation inhibitors (FTI + GGTI) and examined the motility, morphology and proliferation of the NSCLC cells. Results Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated an inverse correlation between PAK1/Crk phosphorylation and E-cadherin/p120-catenin expression. Furthermore, KRAS mutant tumors expressed higher p-PAK1(Thr423) compared to KRAS wild type. KRAS prenylation inhibition by (FTI + GGTI) completely dephosphorylated proto-oncogene c-Crk on Serine 41 while Crk phosphorylation did not change by individual prenylation inhibitors or diluent. Combination of PAK1 inhibition and partial inhibition of all other KRAS effectors by (FTI + GGTI) dramatically altered morphology, motility and proliferation of H157 and A549 cells. Conclusions Our data provide evidence that proto-oncogene c-Crk is operative downstream of KRAS in NSCLC. Previously we demonstrated that Crk receives oncogenic signals from PAK1. These data in conjunction with the work of others that have specified the role of PAK1 in transduction of KRAS signal bring forward the importance of KRAS/PAK1/Crk axis as a prominent pathway in the oncogenesis of KRAS mutant lung cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1360-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Mortazavi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, West Los Angeles VA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Microbiology Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California
- , Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Ryan Phan
- Department of Pathology, West Los Angeles VA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Michael Lewis
- Department of Pathology, West Los Angeles VA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Kenny Trinidad
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, West Los Angeles VA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Amir Aljilani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, West Los Angeles VA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | - Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California
- , Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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30
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Chang JW, Zuhl AM, Speers AE, Niessen S, Brown SJ, Mulvihill MM, Fan YC, Spicer TP, Southern M, Scampavia L, Fernandez-Vega V, Dix MM, Cameron MD, Hodder PS, Rosen H, Nomura DK, Kwon O, Hsu KL, Cravatt BF. Selective inhibitor of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolases 1b2 and 1b3 that impairs cancer cell survival. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:925-32. [PMID: 25602368 DOI: 10.1021/cb500893q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolases (PAFAHs) 1b2 and 1b3 are poorly characterized serine hydrolases that form a complex with a noncatalytic protein (1b1) to regulate brain development, spermatogenesis, and cancer pathogenesis. Determining physiological substrates and biochemical functions for the PAFAH1b complex would benefit from selective chemical probes that can perturb its activity in living systems. Here, we report a class of tetrahydropyridine reversible inhibitors of PAFAH1b2/3 discovered using a fluorescence polarization-activity-based protein profiling (fluopol-ABPP) screen of the NIH 300,000+ compound library. The most potent of these agents, P11, exhibited IC50 values of ∼40 and 900 nM for PAFAH1b2 and 1b3, respectively. We confirm selective inhibition of PAFAH1b2/3 in cancer cells by P11 using an ABPP protocol adapted for in situ analysis of reversible inhibitors and show that this compound impairs tumor cell survival, supporting a role for PAFAH1b2/3 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Melinda M. Mulvihill
- Department
of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 127 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yi Chiao Fan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel K. Nomura
- Department
of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 127 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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31
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Najumudeen AK, Guzmán C, Posada IMD, Abankwa D. Rab-NANOPS: FRET biosensors for Rab membrane nanoclustering and prenylation detection in mammalian cells. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1298:29-45. [PMID: 25800830 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2569-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rab proteins constitute the largest subfamily of Ras-like small GTPases. They are central to vesicular transport and organelle definition in eukaryotic cells. Unlike their Ras counterparts, they are not a hallmark of cancer. However, a number of diseases, including cancer, show a misregulation of Rab protein activity. As for all membrane-anchored signaling proteins, correct membrane organization is critical for Rabs to operate. In this chapter, we provide a detailed protocol for the use of a flow cytometry-based Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-biosensors assay, which allows to detect changes in membrane anchorage, subcellular distribution, and of the nanoscale organization of Rab-GTPases in mammalian cell lines. This assay is high-throughput amenable and can therefore be utilized in chemical-genomic and drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arafath Kaja Najumudeen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland
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32
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Shen M, Pan P, Li Y, Li D, Yu H, Hou T. Farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase I: structures, mechanism, inhibitors and molecular modeling. Drug Discov Today 2014; 20:267-76. [PMID: 25450772 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Farnesyltransferase (FTase) and geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I) have crucial roles in the post-translational modifications of Ras proteins and, therefore, they are promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of various Ras-induced cancers and several other kinds of diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the structures and biological functions of FTase and GGTase-I. Then, we summarize the typical inhibitors of FTase and GGTase-I, and highlight the drug candidates in clinical trials. In addition, we survey some recent advances in computer-aided drug design (CADD) and molecular modeling studies of FTase and GGTase-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyun Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Peichen Pan
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huidong Yu
- Crystal Pharmatech, 707 Alexander Road Building 2, Suite 208, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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33
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Henry CE, Xu Q, Fan YC, Martin TJ, Belding L, Dudding T, Kwon O. Hydroxyproline-derived pseudoenantiomeric [2.2.1] bicyclic phosphines: asymmetric synthesis of (+)- and (-)-pyrrolines. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11890-3. [PMID: 25099350 PMCID: PMC4151783 DOI: 10.1021/ja505592h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared two new diastereoisomeric 2-aza-5-phosphabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes from naturally occurring trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline in six chemical operations. These syntheses are concise and highly efficient, with straightforward purification. When we used these chiral phosphines as catalysts for reactions of γ-substituted allenoates with imines, we obtained enantiomerically enriched pyrrolines in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities. These two diastereoisomeric phosphines functioned as pseudoenantiomers, providing their chiral pyrrolines with opposite absolute configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Henry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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34
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Coxon FP, Joachimiak L, Najumudeen AK, Breen G, Gmach J, Oetken-Lindholm C, Way R, Dunford JE, Abankwa D, Błażewska KM. Synthesis and characterization of novel phosphonocarboxylate inhibitors of RGGT. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:77-89. [PMID: 25016230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phosphonocarboxylate (PC) analogs of the anti-osteoporotic drugs, bisphosphonates, represent the first class of selective inhibitors of Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (RabGGTase, RGGT), an enzyme implicated in several diseases including ovarian, breast and skin cancer. Here we present the synthesis and biological characterization of an extended set of this class of compounds, including lipophilic derivatives of the known RGGT inhibitors. From this new panel of PCs, we have identified an inhibitor of RGGT that is of similar potency as the most active published phosphonocarboxylate, but of higher selectivity towards this enzyme compared to prenyl pyrophosphate synthases. New insights into structural requirements are also presented, showing that only PC analogs of the most potent 3rd generation bisphosphonates inhibit RGGT. In addition, the first phosphonocarboxylate-derived GGPPS inhibitor is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser P Coxon
- Musculoskeletal Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB252ZD, UK
| | - Lukasz Joachimiak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Arafath Kaja Najumudeen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - George Breen
- Musculoskeletal Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB252ZD, UK
| | - Joanna Gmach
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Rebecca Way
- Musculoskeletal Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB252ZD, UK
| | - James E Dunford
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Center, UK
| | - Daniel Abankwa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Katarzyna M Błażewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
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35
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Tamanoi F. [Recent developments in targeted therapy for cancers and drug discovery]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2014; 143:236-242. [PMID: 24813794 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.143.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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36
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Yang LJ, Li S, Wang S, Nie J, Ma JA. Nucleophilic Lewis Base Dependent Addition Reactions of Allenoates with Trifluoromethylated Cyclic Ketimines. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3547-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500356t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (The Ministry
of Education), Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shen Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (The Ministry
of Education), Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (The Ministry
of Education), Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (The Ministry
of Education), Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (The Ministry
of Education), Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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37
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Fan YC, Kwon O. Advances in nucleophilic phosphine catalysis of alkenes, allenes, alkynes, and MBHADs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:11588-619. [PMID: 24196409 PMCID: PMC3896345 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47368f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In nucleophilic phosphine catalysis, tertiary phosphines undergo conjugate additions to activated carbon-carbon multiple bonds to form β-phosphonium enolates, β-phosphonium dienolates, β-phosphonium enoates, and vinyl phosphonium ylides as intermediates. When these reactive zwitterionic species react with nucleophiles and electrophiles, they may generate carbo- and heterocycles with multifarious molecular architectures. This article describes the reactivities of these phosphonium zwitterions, the applications of phosphine catalysis in the syntheses of biologically active compounds and natural products, and recent developments in the enantioselective phosphine catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chiao Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA.
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38
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Yang Z, Yu H, Zhang L, Wei H, Xiao Y, Chen L, Guo H. PPh3-Catalyzed Ring-Expansion Reactions of Sulfamate-Derived Cyclic Imines with Acetylenedicarboxylates. Chem Asian J 2013; 9:313-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Tamanoi F, Lu J. Recent progress in developing small molecule inhibitors designed to interfere with ras membrane association: toward inhibiting K-Ras and N-Ras functions. Enzymes 2013; 34 Pt. B:181-200. [PMID: 25034105 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420146-0.00008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
K-Ras and N-Ras are mutated in a wide range of human cancers, thus making these proteins attractive targets of anticancer drug development. However, no effective compounds have been obtained so far. One of the approaches taken to inhibit the function of K-Ras and N-Ras is to interfere with their membrane association. Various attempts have been taken. In the first example, we examine the approach conceived in early 1990s to inhibit protein prenylation that is required for their membrane association. The initial premise that the inhibition of Ras farnesylation leads to the inhibition of Ras was not realized, mainly due to alternative prenylation of K-Ras and N-Ras proteins. This led to the idea that the combined inhibition of FTase and GGTase-I can block membrane association of K-Ras and N-Ras. Dual specificity inhibitors of FTase and GGTase-I (DPIs) were also developed. These compounds were tested in preclinical and clinical studies. It appears that sufficiently high concentration of the drug to inhibit K-Ras was not achieved in previous attempts. In addition, dose-limiting toxicity has been observed and this was primarily ascribed to GGTase-I inhibition. Strategies to confer cancer targeting capabilities to the inhibitors may overcome the dose-limiting toxicity. In the second approach, postprenylation events were exploited. This led to the development of various inhibitors including the ICMT inhibitors. Finally, recent identification of compounds that inhibit the interaction between K-Ras and PDE-δ is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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40
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Yang LJ, Wang S, Nie J, Li S, Ma JA. Bisphosphine-Triggered One-Pot Sequential [3 + 2]/[3 + 2] Annulation of Allenoates with Cyclic Ketimines. Org Lett 2013; 15:5214-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402364t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (The Ministry of Education), State Synergetic Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (The Ministry of Education), State Synergetic Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (The Ministry of Education), State Synergetic Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (The Ministry of Education), State Synergetic Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (The Ministry of Education), State Synergetic Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
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41
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Yu H, Zhang L, Yang Z, Li Z, Zhao Y, Xiao Y, Guo H. Phosphine-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Sulfamate-Derived Cyclic Imines with Allenoate: Synthesis of Sulfamate-Fused Dihydropyrroles. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8427-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401107v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhilin Yang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yumei Xiao
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hongchao Guo
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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42
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Supiot S, Gouraud W, Campion L, Jezéquel P, Buecher B, Charrier J, Heymann MF, Mahé MA, Rio E, Chérel M. Early dynamic transcriptomic changes during preoperative radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer: A feasibility study. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:3249-3254. [PMID: 23745026 PMCID: PMC3671076 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i21.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To develop novel biomarkers of rectal radiotherapy, we measured gene expression profiles on biopsies taken before and during preoperative radiotherapy.
METHODS: Six patients presenting with a locally advanced rectal cancer (T>T2, N0/Nx, M0) eligible for preoperative radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions) were selected in a pilot study. Six tumor and 3 normal tissues biopsies were taken before and during radiotherapy, after a dose of 7.2 Gy at a median time of 1 h following irradiation (0:27-2:12). Tumor or normal tissue purity was assessed by a pathologist prior to RNA extraction. Mean RNA content was 23 μg/biopsy (14-37) before radiotherapy and 22.7 μg/biopsy (12-35) during radiotherapy. After RNA amplification, biopsies were analysed with 54K HG-U133A Plus 2.0 Affymetrix expression micro-arrays. Data were normalized according to MAS5 algorithm. A gene expression ratio was calculated as: (gene expression during radiotherapy - gene expression before radiotherapy)/gene expression before radiotherapy. Were selected genes that showed a ratio higher than ± 0.5 in all 6 patients.
RESULTS: Microarray analysis showed that preoperative radiotherapy significantly up-regulated 31 genes and down-regulated 6 genes. According to the Gene Ontology project classification, these genes are involved in protein metabolism (ADAMDEC1; AKAP7; CAPN5; CLIC5; CPE; CREB3L1; NEDD4L; RAB27A), ion transport (AKAP7; ATP2A3; CCL28; CLIC5; F2RL2; NEDD4L; SLC6A8), transcription (AKAP7; CREB3L1; ISX; PABPC1L; TXNIP), signal transduction (CAPN5; F2RL2; RAB27A; TNFRSF11A), cell adhesion (ADAMDEC1; PXDN; SPON1; S100A2), immune response (CCL28; PXDN; TNFRSF11A) and apoptosis (ITM2C; PDCD4; PVT1). Up-regulation of 3 genes (CCL28; CLIC5; PDCD4) was detected by 2 different probes and up-regulation of 2 genes (RAB27A; TXNIP) by 3 probes.
CONCLUSION: Micro-arrays can efficiently assess early transcriptomic changes during preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer, and may help better understand tumor radioresistance.
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43
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Zimonjic DB, Chan LN, Tripathi V, Lu J, Kwon O, Popescu NC, Lowy DR, Tamanoi F. In vitro and in vivo effects of geranylgeranyltransferase I inhibitor P61A6 on non-small cell lung cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:198. [PMID: 23607551 PMCID: PMC3639152 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Therapies against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are particularly needed, as this type of cancer is relatively insensitive to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. We recently identified GGTI compounds that are designed to block geranylgeranylation and membrane association of signaling proteins including the Rho family G-proteins. One of the GGTIs is P61A6 which inhibits proliferation of human cancer cells, causes cell cycle effects with G1 accumulation and exhibits tumor-suppressing effects with human pancreatic cancer xenografts. In this paper, we investigated effects of P61A6 on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods Three non-small cell lung cancer cell lines were used to test the ability of P61A6 to inhibit cell proliferation. Further characterization involved analyses of geranylgeranylation, membrane association and activation of RhoA, and anchorage-dependent and –independent growth, as well as cell cycle effects and examination of cell cycle regulators. We also generated stable cells expressing RhoA-F, which bypasses the geranylgeranylation requirement of wild type RhoA, and examined whether the proliferation inhibition by P61A6 is suppressed in these cells. Tumor xenografts of NSCLC cells growing in nude mice were also used to test P61A6’s tumor-suppressing ability. Results P61A6 was shown to inhibit proliferation of NSCLC lines H358, H23 and H1507. Detailed analysis of P61A6 effects on H358 cells showed that P61A6 inhibited geranylgeranylation, membrane association of RhoA and caused G1 accumulation associated with decreased cyclin D1/2. The effects of P61A6 to inhibit proliferation could mainly be ascribed to RhoA, as expression of the RhoA-F geranylgeranylation bypass mutant rendered the cells resistant to inhibition by P61A6. We also found that P61A6 treatment of H358 tumor xenografts growing in nude mice reduced their growth as well as the membrane association of RhoA in the tumors. Conclusion Thus, P61A6 inhibits proliferation of NSCLC cells and causes G1 accumulation associated with decreased cyclin D1/2. The result with the RhoA-F mutant suggests that the effect of P61A6 to inhibit proliferation is mainly through the inhibition of RhoA. P61A6 also shows efficacy to inhibit growth of xenograft tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drazen B Zimonjic
- Molecular Cytogenetics Section, Lab. of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ochocki JD, Distefano MD. Prenyltransferase Inhibitors: Treating Human Ailments from Cancer to Parasitic Infections. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013; 4:476-492. [PMID: 25530833 DOI: 10.1039/c2md20299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The posttranslational modification of protein prenylation is a covalent lipid modification on the C-terminus of substrate proteins that serves to enhance membrane affinity. Oncogenic proteins such as Ras have this modification and significant effort has been placed into developing inhibitors of the prenyltransferase enzymes for clinical therapy. In addition to cancer therapy, prenyltransferase inhibitors have begun to find important therapeutic uses in other diseases, including progeria, hepatitis C and D, parasitic infections, and other maladies. This review will trace the evolution of prenyltransferase inhibitors from their initial use as cancer therapeutics to their expanded applications for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Ochocki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
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Gomez C, Betzer JF, Voituriez A, Marinetti A. Phosphine Organocatalysis in the Synthesis of Natural Products and Bioactive Compounds. ChemCatChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Stigter EA, Guo Z, Bon RS, Wu YW, Choidas A, Wolf A, Menninger S, Waldmann H, Blankenfeldt W, Goody RS. Development of Selective, Potent RabGGTase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8330-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300624s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Anouk Stigter
- Fakultät Chemie, Fachbereich Chemische
Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Axel Choidas
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexander Wolf
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Herbert Waldmann
- Fakultät Chemie, Fachbereich Chemische
Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Watanabe M, Abe N, Oshikiri Y, Stanbridge EJ, Kitagawa T. Selective growth inhibition by glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors in tumorigenic HeLa hybrid cells is mediated through NF-κB-dependent GLUT3 expression. Oncogenesis 2012; 1:e21. [PMID: 23552737 PMCID: PMC3412655 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2012.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis and cancer progression, driven by mutations in oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, result in biological differences between normal and cancer cells in various cellular processes. Specific genes and signaling molecules involved in such cellular processes may be potential therapeutic targets of agents that specifically interact with the key factors in cancer cells. Increased glucose uptake is fundamental to many solid tumors and well associated with increases in glycolysis and the overexpression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) such as GLUT1 and GLUT3 at the plasma membrane. Here, we used cell-based screening to identify glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitors that selectively target GLUT3-expressing tumorigenic HeLa cell hybrids as compared with non-tumorigenic hybrids that express GLUT1 alone. The GSK-3 inhibitors as well as GSK-3β RNAi suppressed GLUT3 expression at the level of transcription, leading to apoptosis. This suppression was associated with NF-κB in a p53-independent manner. Furthermore, GSK-3 inhibitors exhibited a synergistic effect with anticancer agents such as adriamycin and camptothecin in GULT3-overexpressing colon cancer cells, but little effect in non-producing A431 cells. These results suggest a potential use of GSK-3 inhibitors to selectively kill cancer cells that overexpress GLUT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Watanabe
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Pathology, Iwate Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Yahaba, Japan
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48
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Andrews IP, Blank BR, Kwon O. Phosphine-catalyzed intramolecular γ-umpolung addition of α-aminoalkylallenic esters: facile synthesis of 3-carbethoxy-2-alkyl-3-pyrrolines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5373-5. [PMID: 22526463 PMCID: PMC4128507 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31347b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An array of N-tosylated α-aminoalkylallenic esters was prepared and their cyclization under the influence of nucleophilic phosphine catalysts was explored. The α-aminoalkylallenic esters were prepared through aza-Baylis-Hillman reactions or novel DABCO-mediated decarboxylative rearrangements of allenylic carbamates. Conversion of these substrates to 3-carbethoxy-2-alkyl-3-pyrrolines was facilitated through Ph(3)P-catalyzed intramolecular γ-umpolung addition.
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Deraeve C, Guo Z, Bon RS, Blankenfeldt W, DiLucrezia R, Wolf A, Menninger S, Stigter EA, Wetzel S, Choidas A, Alexandrov K, Waldmann H, Goody RS, Wu YW. Psoromic acid is a selective and covalent Rab-prenylation inhibitor targeting autoinhibited RabGGTase. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7384-91. [PMID: 22480322 DOI: 10.1021/ja211305j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational attachment of geranylgeranyl isoprenoids to Rab GTPases, the key organizers of intracellular vesicular transport, is essential for their function. Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (RabGGTase) is responsible for prenylation of Rab proteins. Recently, RabGGTase inhibitors have been proposed to be potential therapeutics for treatment of cancer and osteoporosis. However, the development of RabGGTase selective inhibitors is complicated by its structural and functional similarity to other protein prenyltransferases. Herein we report identification of the natural product psoromic acid (PA) that potently and selectively inhibits RabGGTase with an IC(50) of 1.3 μM. Structure-activity relationship analysis suggested a minimal structure involving the depsidone core with a 3-hydroxyl and 4-aldehyde motif for binding to RabGGTase. Analysis of the crystal structure of the RabGGTase:PA complex revealed that PA forms largely hydrophobic interactions with the isoprenoid binding site of RabGGTase and that it attaches covalently to the N-terminus of the α subunit. We found that in contrast to other protein prenyltransferases, RabGGTase is autoinhibited through N-terminal (α)His2 coordination with the catalytic zinc ion. Mutation of (α)His dramatically enhances the reaction rate, indicating that the activity of RabGGTase is likely regulated in vivo. The covalent binding of PA to the N-terminus of the RabGGTase α subunit seems to potentiate its interaction with the active site and explains the selectivity of PA for RabGGTase. Therefore, psoromic acid provides a new starting point for the development of selective RabGGTase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Deraeve
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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50
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Andrews IP, Kwon O. PHOSPHINE-CATALYZED [3 + 2] ANNULATION: SYNTHESIS OF ETHYL 5-( tert-BUTYL)-2-PHENYL-1-TOSYL-3-PYRROLINE-3-CARBOXYLATE. ORGANIC SYNTHESES; AN ANNUAL PUBLICATION OF SATISFACTORY METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS 2012; 2012. [PMID: 25484470 DOI: 10.1002/0471264229.os088.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
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