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Lysikova T, Tomascova A, Kovalska M, Lehotsky J, Leskova Majdova K, Kaplan P, Tatarkova Z. Dynamics in Redox-Active Molecules Following Ischemic Preconditioning in the Brain. Neurol Int 2024; 16:533-550. [PMID: 38804479 PMCID: PMC11130914 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the brain is quite vulnerable to oxidative stress, initiating neuronal loss after ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. A potent protective mechanism is ischemic preconditioning (IPC), where proteins are among the primary targets. This study explores redox-active proteins' role in preserving energy supply. Adult rats were divided into the control, IR, and IPC groups. Protein profiling was conducted to identify modified proteins and then verified through activity assays, immunoblot, and immunohistochemical analyses. IPC protected cortex mitochondria, as evidenced by a 2.26-fold increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Additionally, stable core subunits of respiratory chain complexes ensured sufficient energy production, supported by a 16.6% increase in ATP synthase activity. In hippocampal cells, IPC led to the downregulation of energy-related dehydrogenases, while a significantly higher level of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRX6) was observed. Notably, IPC significantly enhanced glutathione reductase activity to provide sufficient glutathione to maintain PRX6 function. Astrocytes may mobilize PRX6 to protect neurons during initial ischemic events, by decreased PRX6 positivity in astrocytes, accompanied by an increase in neurons following both IR injury and IPC. Maintained redox signaling via astrocyte-neuron communication triggers IPC's protective state. The partnership among PRX6, SOD, and glutathione reductase appears essential in safeguarding and stabilizing the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezia Lysikova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Anna Tomascova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Maria Kovalska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Jan Lehotsky
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Katarina Leskova Majdova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Peter Kaplan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Zuzana Tatarkova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
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2
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Duarte-Jurado AP, Loera-Arias MDJ, Saucedo-Cardenas O, Montes de Oca-Luna R, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Garcia-Garcia A. Peroxiredoxin 5 overexpression decreases oxidative stress and dopaminergic cell death mediated by paraquat. Cells Dev 2023; 175:203860. [PMID: 37270067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prdxs) are thiol-dependent enzymes that scavenge peroxides. Previously, we found that Prdxs were hyperoxidized in a Parkinson's disease model induced by paraquat (PQ), which led to their inactivation, perpetuating reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Herein, we evaluated the redox state of the typical 2-Cys-Prx subgroup. We found that PQ induces ROS compartmentalization in different organelles, reflected by the 2-Cys-Prdx hyperoxidation pattern detected by redox eastern blotting. 2-Cys Prdxs are most vulnerable to hyperoxidation, while atypical 2-Cys Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5) is resistant and is expressed in multiple organelles, such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, and cytoplasm. Therefore, we overexpressed human Prdx5 in the dopaminergic SHSY-5Y cell line using the adenoviral vector Ad-hPrdx5. Prdx5 overexpression was confirmed by western blotting and immunofluorescence (IF) and effectively decreased PQ-mediated mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ROS assessed with a mitochondrial superoxide indicator and DHE through IF or flow cytometry. Decreased ROS mediated by Prdx5 in the main subcellular compartments led to overall cell protection against PQ-induced cell death, which was demonstrated by flow cytometry using Annexin V labeling and 7-AAD. Therefore, Prdx5 is an attractive therapeutic target for PD, as its overexpression protects dopaminergic cells from ROS and death, which warrants further experimental animal studies for its subsequent application in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patricia Duarte-Jurado
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Maria de Jesus Loera-Arias
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cardenas
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
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3
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Martinez-Banaclocha MA. Targeting the Cysteine Redox Proteome in Parkinson's Disease: The Role of Glutathione Precursors and Beyond. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1373. [PMID: 37507913 PMCID: PMC10376658 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Encouraging recent data on the molecular pathways underlying aging have identified variants and expansions of genes associated with DNA replication and repair, telomere and stem cell maintenance, regulation of the redox microenvironment, and intercellular communication. In addition, cell rejuvenation requires silencing some transcription factors and the activation of pluripotency, indicating that hidden molecular networks must integrate and synchronize all these cellular mechanisms. Therefore, in addition to gene sequence expansions and variations associated with senescence, the optimization of transcriptional regulation and protein crosstalk is essential. The protein cysteinome is crucial in cellular regulation and plays unexpected roles in the aging of complex organisms, which show cumulative somatic mutations, telomere attrition, epigenetic modifications, and oxidative dysregulation, culminating in cellular senescence. The cysteine thiol groups are highly redox-active, allowing high functional versatility as structural disulfides, redox-active disulfides, active-site nucleophiles, proton donors, and metal ligands to participate in multiple regulatory sites in proteins. Also, antioxidant systems control diverse cellular functions, including the transcription machinery, which partially depends on the catalytically active cysteines that can reduce disulfide bonds in numerous target proteins, driving their biological integration. Since we have previously proposed a fundamental role of cysteine-mediated redox deregulation in neurodegeneration, we suggest that cellular rejuvenation of the cysteine redox proteome using GSH precursors, like N-acetyl-cysteine, is an underestimated multitarget therapeutic approach that would be particularly beneficial in Parkinson's disease.
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4
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Deus CM, Teixeira J, Raimundo N, Tucci P, Borges F, Saso L, Oliveira PJ. Modulation of cellular redox environment as a novel therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13820. [PMID: 35638352 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable neurodegenerative movement disorder. PD affects 2% of the population above 65 years old; however, with the growing number of senior citizens, PD prevalence is predicted to increase in the following years. Pathologically, PD is characterized by dopaminergic cell neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra, resulting in decreased dopamine levels in the nigrostriatal pathway, triggering motor symptoms. Although the pathological mechanisms leading to PD are still unclear, large evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays an important role, not only because it increases with age which is the most significant risk factor for PD development, but also as a result of alterations in several processes, particularly mitochondria dysfunction. The modulation of oxidative stress, especially using dietary mitochondriotropic antioxidants, represents a promising approach to prevent or treat PD. Although most mitochondria-targeted antioxidants with beneficial effects in PD-associated models have failed to show any therapeutic benefit in clinical trials, several questions remain to be clarified. Hereby, we review the role played by oxidative stress in PD pathogenesis, emphasizing mitochondria as reactive oxygen species (ROS) producers and as targets for oxidative stress-related dysfunctional mechanisms. In addition, we also describe the importance of using dietary-based mitochondria-targeted antioxidants as a valuable strategy to counteract the deleterious effects of ROS in pre-clinical and/or clinical trials of PD, pointing out their significance to slow, and possibly halt, the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia M Deus
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Multidisciplinary Institute of Ageing (MIA), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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5
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Lim HS, Park G. Resilin, an insect-derived elastomeric protein, protects dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson disease models. Neurosci Lett 2022; 781:136667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Martinez-Banaclocha M. N-Acetyl-Cysteine: Modulating the Cysteine Redox Proteome in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020416. [PMID: 35204298 PMCID: PMC8869501 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last twenty years, significant progress in understanding the pathophysiology of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases has been made. However, the prevention and treatment of these diseases remain without clinically significant therapeutic advancement. While we still hope for some potential genetic therapeutic approaches, the current reality is far from substantial progress. With this state of the issue, emphasis should be placed on early diagnosis and prompt intervention in patients with increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases to slow down their progression, poor prognosis, and decreasing quality of life. Accordingly, it is urgent to implement interventions addressing the psychosocial and biochemical disturbances we know are central in managing the evolution of these disorders. Genomic and proteomic studies have shown the high molecular intricacy in neurodegenerative diseases, involving a broad spectrum of cellular pathways underlying disease progression. Recent investigations indicate that the dysregulation of the sensitive-cysteine proteome may be a concurrent pathogenic mechanism contributing to the pathophysiology of major neurodegenerative diseases, opening new therapeutic opportunities. Considering the incidence and prevalence of these disorders and their already significant burden in Western societies, they will become a real pandemic in the following decades. Therefore, we propose large-scale investigations, in selected groups of people over 40 years of age with decreased blood glutathione levels, comorbidities, and/or mild cognitive impairment, to evaluate supplementation of the diet with low doses of N-acetyl-cysteine, a promising and well-tolerated therapeutic agent suitable for long-term use.
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Mahendru D, Jain A, Bansal S, Malik D, Dhir N, Sharma AR, Sarma P, Prakash A, Nahar U, Bhatia A, Bhattacharyya S, Medhi B. Neuroprotective effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell secretome in 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease. Regen Med 2021; 16:915-930. [PMID: 34553608 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of bone marrow stem cell secretome in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of Parkinson's disease. Materials & methods: Secretome prepared from mesenchymal stem cells of 3-month-old rats was injected daily for 7 days between days 7 and 14 after 6-OHDA administration. After 14 days, various neurobehavioral parameters were conducted. These behavioral parameters were further correlated with biochemical and molecular findings. Results & conclusion: Impaired neurobehavioral parameters and increased inflammatory, oxidative stress and apoptotic markers in the 6-OHDA group were significantly modulated by secretome-treated rats. In conclusion, mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome could be further explored for the management of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Mahendru
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Seema Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Deepti Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.,Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, 174001, India
| | - Neha Dhir
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Amit Raj Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Phulen Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Uma Nahar
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Shalmoli Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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8
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Chung Y, Kim Y, Yun N, Oh YJ. Dysregulated autophagy is linked to BAX oligomerization and subsequent cytochrome c release in 6-hydroxydopmaine-treated neuronal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 548:20-26. [PMID: 33631669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are essential physiological pathways that are required to maintain cellular homeostasis. Therefore, it is suggested that dysregulation in both pathways is linked to several disease states. Moreover, the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis plays an important role in pathophysiological processes associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. We have previously reported that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces dysregulated autophagy, and that a dysregulated autophagic flux contributes to caspase-dependent neuronal apoptosis. Based on our previous findings, we specifically aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the potential role of dysregulated autophagy in apoptotic neurodegeneration. The disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) cross-linking assay and immunological analyses indicated that exposure of several types of cells to 6-OHDA resulted in BAX activation and subsequent oligomerization. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic perturbation of autophagy prevented 6-OHDA-induced BAX oligomerization and subsequent release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol and caspase activation. These events were independent of expression levels of XIAP. Taken together, our results suggest that BAX oligomerization comprises a critical step by which 6-OHDA-induced dysregulated autophagy mediates neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhyun Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Young J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Identification of Targets from LRRK2 Rescue Phenotypes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010076. [PMID: 33466414 PMCID: PMC7824855 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative condition. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations are the most frequent cause of sporadic and autosomal dominant PD. The exact role of LRRK2 protective variants (R1398H, N551K) together with a pathogenic mutant (G2019S) in aging and neurodegeneration is unknown. We generated the following myc-tagged UAS-LRRK2 transgenic Drosophila: LRRK2 (WT), N551K, R1398H, G2019S single allele, and double-mutants (N551K/G2019S or R1398H/G2019S). The protective variants alone were able to suppress the phenotypic effects caused by the pathogenic LRRK2 mutation. Next, we conducted RNA-sequencing using mRNA isolated from dopaminergic neurons of these different groups of transgenic Drosophila. Using pathway enrichment analysis, we identified the top 10 modules (p < 0.05), with “LRRK2 in neurons in Parkinson’s disease” among the candidates. Further dissection of this pathway identified the most significantly modulated gene nodes such as eEF1A2, ACTB, eEF1A, and actin cytoskeleton reorganization. The induction of the pathway was successfully restored by the R1398H protective variant and R1398H-G2019S or N551K-G2019S rescue experiments. The oxidoreductase family of genes was also active in the pathogenic mutant and restored in protective and rescue variants. In summary, we provide in vivo evidence supporting the neuroprotective effects of LRRK2 variants. RNA sequencing of dopaminergic neurons identified upregulation of specific gene pathways in the Drosophila carrying the pathogenic variant, and this was restored in the rescue phenotypes. Using protective gene variants, our study identifies potential new targets and provides proof of principle of a new therapeutic approach that will further our understanding of aging and neurodegeneration in PD.
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10
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Szeliga M. Peroxiredoxins in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1203. [PMID: 33265993 PMCID: PMC7761365 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that oxidative/nitrosative stress contributes to the neurodegenerative diseases. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are one of the enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms neutralizing reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Since mammalian PRDXs were identified 30 years ago, their significance was long overshadowed by the other well-studied ROS/RNS defense systems. An increasing number of studies suggests that these enzymes may be involved in the neurodegenerative process. This article reviews the current knowledge on the expression and putative roles of PRDXs in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szeliga
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Department of Neurotoxicology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Martinez-Banaclocha M. Proteomic Complexity in Parkinson's Disease: A Redox Signaling Perspective of the Pathophysiology and Progression. Neuroscience 2020; 453:287-300. [PMID: 33212217 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disorder that results in the progressive impairment of motor and cognitive functions. The majority of PD cases are sporadic, and only 5% of patients are associated with mutations in a few genes, which cause the early onset or familial PD. Environmental toxic substances and the individual genetic susceptibility play a role in sporadic cases, but despite significant efforts to treat and prevent the disease, the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to its onset and progress are not fully understood. In the last decade, genomic and proteomic studies have shown an increasing molecular complexity of sporadic PD, suggesting that a broad spectrum of biochemical pathways underlie its progression. Recent investigations and the literature review suggest the potential role of deregulation of the sensitive-cysteine proteome as a convergent pathogenic mechanism that may contribute to this complexity, opening new therapeutic opportunities.
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12
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RING-finger protein 166 plays a novel pro-apoptotic role in neurotoxin-induced neurodegeneration via ubiquitination of XIAP. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:939. [PMID: 33130818 PMCID: PMC7603511 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dopaminergic neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), has been widely utilized to establish experimental models of Parkinson disease and to reveal the critical molecules and pathway underlying neuronal death. The profile of gene expression changes following 6-OHDA treatment of MN9D dopaminergic neuronal cells was investigated using a TwinChip Mouse-7.4K microarray. Functional clustering of altered sets of genes identified RING-finger protein 166 (RNF166). RNF166 is composed of an N-terminal RING domain and C-terminal ubiquitin interaction motif. RNF166 localized in the cytosol and nucleus. At the tissue level, RNF166 was widely expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral organs. In the cerebral cortex, its expression decreased over time. In certain conditions, overexpression of RNF166 accelerates the naturally occurring neuronal death and 6-OHDA-induced MN9D cell death as determined by TUNEL and annexin-V staining, and caspase activation. Consequently, 6-OHDA-induced apoptotic cell death was attenuated in RNF166-knockdown cells. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism underlying this pro-apoptotic activity, binding protein profiles were assessed using the yeast two-hybrid system. Among several potential binding candidates, RNF166 was shown to interact with the cytoplasmic X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), inducing ubiquitin-dependent degradation of XIAP and eventually accelerating caspase activation following 6-OHDA treatment. RNF166's interaction with and resulting inhibition of the XIAP anti-caspase activity was further enhanced by XIAP-associated factor-1 (XAF-1). Consequently, depletion of RNF166 suppressed 6-OHDA-induced caspase activation and apoptotic cell death, which was reversed by XIAP knockdown. In summary, our data suggest that RNF166, a novel E3 ligase, plays a pro-apoptotic role via caspase activation in neuronal cells.
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13
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Chua LL, Ho P, Toh J, Tan EK. Chetomin rescues pathogenic phenotype of LRRK2 mutation in drosophila. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:18561-18570. [PMID: 32990658 PMCID: PMC7585092 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a complex protein kinase involved in a diverse set of functions. Mutations in LRRK2 are a common cause of autosomal dominant familial Parkinson's disease. Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) belongs to a family of anti-oxidants that protect cells from oxidative stress. Importantly, PRDX2 is a cytoplasmic protein, similar to Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, which localizes predominantly in the cytosol. Here, we demonstrated that Leurice-rich repeat kinase 2 phosphorylates PRDX2 in Drosophila, leading to a loss of dopaminergic neurons, climbing ability and shortened lifespan. These pathogenic phenotypes in the LRRK2 Drosophila were rescued with transgenic expression of PRDX2. Chetomin, a PRDX2 mimic, belongs to a class of epidithio-diketopiperazine fungal secondary metabolites (containing a dithiol group that has hydrogen peroxide-reducing activity). As proof of principle, we demonstrated that Chetomin recapitulated the rescue in these mutant Drosophila. Our findings suggest that Chetomin can be a potential therapeutic compound in LRRK2 linked Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ling Chua
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Patrick Ho
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Joanne Toh
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore,Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital Singapore 169856, Singapore,Neuroscience Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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14
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Van Laar VS, Chen J, Zharikov AD, Bai Q, Di Maio R, Dukes AA, Hastings TG, Watkins SC, Greenamyre JT, St Croix CM, Burton EA. α-Synuclein amplifies cytoplasmic peroxide flux and oxidative stress provoked by mitochondrial inhibitors in CNS dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101695. [PMID: 32905883 PMCID: PMC7486459 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Convergent evidence implicates impaired mitochondrial function and α-Synuclein accumulation as critical upstream events in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, but comparatively little is known about how these factors interact to provoke neurodegeneration. We previously showed that α-Synuclein knockdown protected rat substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons from systemic exposure to the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone. Here we show that motor abnormalities prior to neuronal loss in this model are associated with extensive α-Synuclein-dependent cellular thiol oxidation. In order to elucidate the underlying events in vivo we constructed novel transgenic zebrafish that co-express, in dopaminergic neurons: (i) human α-Synuclein at levels insufficient to provoke neurodegeneration or neurobehavioral abnormalities; and (ii) genetically-encoded ratiometric fluorescent biosensors to detect cytoplasmic peroxide flux and glutathione oxidation. Live intravital imaging of the intact zebrafish CNS at cellular resolution showed unequivocally that α-Synuclein amplified dynamic cytoplasmic peroxide flux in dopaminergic neurons following exposure to the mitochondrial complex I inhibitors MPP+ or rotenone. This effect was robust and clearly evident following either acute or prolonged exposure to each inhibitor. In addition, disturbance of the resting glutathione redox potential following exogenous hydrogen peroxide challenge was augmented by α-Synuclein. Together these data show that α-Synuclein is a critical determinant of the redox consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction in dopaminergic neurons. The findings are important because the mechanisms underlying α-Synuclein-dependent reactive oxygen species fluxes and antioxidant suppression might provide a pharmacological target in Parkinson's disease to prevent progression from mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress to cell death. Extensive neuronal thiol oxidation in a rat PD model is α-Synuclein-dependent. Peroxide flux and glutathione oxidation can be imaged in live transgenic zebrafish. α-Synuclein amplifies cytosolic peroxide flux in dopaminergic neurons. α-Synuclein exacerbates dynamic disturbances of the glutathione redox potential. The underlying molecular mechanisms may provide therapeutic targets in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor S Van Laar
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jianming Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alevtina D Zharikov
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qing Bai
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roberto Di Maio
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - April A Dukes
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Teresa G Hastings
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Timothy Greenamyre
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edward A Burton
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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15
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Willis CM, Nicaise AM, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S. The neural stem cell secretome and its role in brain repair. Brain Res 2020; 1729:146615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Teixeira FG, Vilaça-Faria H, Domingues AV, Campos J, Salgado AJ. Preclinical Comparison of Stem Cells Secretome and Levodopa Application in a 6-Hydroxydopamine Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020315. [PMID: 32012897 PMCID: PMC7072263 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized by the massive loss of dopaminergic neurons, leading to the appearance of several motor impairments. Current pharmacological treatments, such as the use of levodopa, are yet unable to cure the disease. Therefore, there is a need for novel strategies, particularly those that can combine in an integrated manner neuroprotection and neuroregeneration properties. In vitro and in vivo models have recently revealed that the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) holds a promising potential for treating PD, given its effects on neural survival, proliferation, differentiation. In the present study, we aimed to access the impact of human bone marrow MSCs (hBM-MSCs) secretome in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) PD model when compared to levodopa administration, by addressing animals' motor performance, and substantia nigra (SN), and striatum (STR) histological parameters by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression. Results revealed that hBM-MSCs secretome per se appears to be a modulator of the dopaminergic system, enhancing TH-positive cells expression (e.g., dopaminergic neurons) and terminals both in the SN and STR when compared to the untreated group 6-OHDA. Such finding was positively correlated with a significant amelioration of the motor outcomes of 6-OHDA PD animals (assessed by the staircase test). Thus, the present findings support hBM-MSCs secretome administration as a potential therapeutic tool in treating PD, and although we suggest candidate molecules (Trx1, SEMA7A, UCHL1, PEDF, BDNF, Clusterin, SDF-1, CypA, CypB, Cys C, VEGF, DJ-1, Gal-1, GDNF, CDH2, IL-6, HSP27, PRDX1, UBE3A, MMP-2, and GDN) and possible mechanisms of hBM-MSCs secretome-mediated effects, further detailed studies are needed to carefully and clearly define which players may be responsible for its therapeutic actions. By doing so, it will be reasonable to presume that potential treatments that can, per se, or in combination modulate or slow PD may lead to a rational design of new therapeutic or adjuvant strategies for its functional modeling and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio G. Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.V.-F.); (J.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: (F.G.T.); (A.J.S.); Tel.: +351-253-60-48-71 (F.G.T.); +351-253-60-49-47 (A.J.S.)
| | - Helena Vilaça-Faria
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.V.-F.); (J.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana V. Domingues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.V.-F.); (J.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jonas Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.V.-F.); (J.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J. Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.V.-F.); (J.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: (F.G.T.); (A.J.S.); Tel.: +351-253-60-48-71 (F.G.T.); +351-253-60-49-47 (A.J.S.)
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17
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Peroxiredoxin 5 Silencing Sensitizes Dopaminergic Neuronal Cells to Rotenone via DNA Damage-Triggered ATM/p53/PUMA Signaling-Mediated Apoptosis. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010022. [PMID: 31861721 PMCID: PMC7016837 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a family of thioredoxin peroxidases. Accumulating evidence suggests that changes in the expression of Prxs may be involved in neurodegenerative diseases pathology. However, the expression and function of Prxs in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unclear. Here, we showed that Prx5 was the most downregulated of the six Prx subtypes in dopaminergic (DA) neurons in rotenone-induced cellular and rat models of PD, suggesting possible roles in regulating their survival. Depletion of Prx5 sensitized SH-SY5Y DA neuronal cells to rotenone-induced apoptosis. The extent of mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation was increased by Prx5 loss. Furthermore, Prx5 knockdown enhanced the induction of PUMA by rotenone through a p53-dependent mechanism. Using RNA interference approaches, we demonstrated that the p53/PUMA signaling was essential for Prx5 silencing-exacerbated mitochondria-driven apoptosis. Additionally, downregulation of Prx5 augmented rotenone-induced DNA damage manifested as induction of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) and activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase. The pharmacological inactivation of ATM revealed that ATM was integral to p53 activation by DNA damage. These findings provided a novel link between Prx5 and DNA damage-triggered ATM/p53/PUMA signaling in a rotenone-induced PD model. Thus, Prx5 might play an important role in protection against rotenone-induced DA neurodegeneration.
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18
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Park KA, Yun N, Oh YJ. Anamorsin attenuates cupric chloride-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Abruzzo PM, Matté A, Bolotta A, Federti E, Ghezzo A, Guarnieri T, Marini M, Posar A, Siciliano A, De Franceschi L, Visconti P. Plasma peroxiredoxin changes and inflammatory cytokines support the involvement of neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Transl Med 2019; 17:332. [PMID: 31578139 PMCID: PMC6775664 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2076-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been established that children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are affected by oxidative stress, the origin of which is still under investigation. In the present work, we evaluated inflammatory and pro-oxidant soluble signature in non-syndromic ASD and age-matched typically developing (TD) control children. METHODS We analyzed leukocyte gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and inflammation/oxidative-stress related molecules in 21 ASD and 20 TD children. Moreover, in another-comparable-group of non-syndromic ASD (N = 22) and TD (N = 21) children, we analyzed for the first time the protein expression of the four members of the antioxidant enzyme family of peroxiredoxins (Prx) in both erythrocyte membranes and in plasma. RESULTS The gene expression of IL6 and of HSP70i, a stress protein, was increased in ASD children. Moreover, gene expression of many inflammatory cytokines and inflammation/oxidative stress-related proteins correlated with clinical features, and appeared to be linked by a complex network of inter-correlations involving the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor signaling pathway. In addition, when the study of inter-correlations within the expression pattern of these molecules was extended to include the healthy subjects, the intrinsic physiological relationships of the inflammatory/oxidative stress network emerged. Plasma levels of Prx2 and Prx5 were remarkably increased in ASD compared to healthy controls, while no significant differences were found in red cell Prx levels. CONCLUSIONS Previous findings reported elevated inflammatory cytokines in the plasma of ASD children, without clearly pointing to the presence of neuro-inflammation. On the other hand, the finding of microglia activation in autoptic specimens was clearly suggesting the presence of neuro-inflammation in ASD. Given the role of peroxiredoxins in the protection of brain cells against oxidative stress, the whole of our results, using peripheral data collected in living patients, support the involvement of neuro-inflammation in ASD, and generate a rational for neuro-inflammation as a possible therapeutic target and for plasma Prx5 as a novel indicator of ASD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Abruzzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via A. Capecelatro, 66, 20148, Milan, Italy
| | - A Matté
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - A Bolotta
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via A. Capecelatro, 66, 20148, Milan, Italy
| | - E Federti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - A Ghezzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - T Guarnieri
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Marini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy. .,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via A. Capecelatro, 66, 20148, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Posar
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123, Bologna, Italy.,Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura, 3, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Siciliano
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - L De Franceschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - P Visconti
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura, 3, 40139, Bologna, Italy
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20
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Ramirez-Moreno MJ, Duarte-Jurado AP, Gopar-Cuevas Y, Gonzalez-Alcocer A, Loera-Arias MJ, Saucedo-Cardenas O, Montes de Oca-Luna R, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Garcia-Garcia A. Autophagy Stimulation Decreases Dopaminergic Neuronal Death Mediated by Oxidative Stress. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8136-8156. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Chung Y, Lee J, Jung S, Lee Y, Cho JW, Oh YJ. Dysregulated autophagy contributes to caspase-dependent neuronal apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1189. [PMID: 30538224 PMCID: PMC6289995 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a regulated, intracellular degradation process that delivers unnecessary or dysfunctional cargo to the lysosome. Autophagy has been viewed as an adaptive survival response to various stresses, whereas in other cases, it promotes cell death. Therefore, both deficient and excessive autophagy may lead to cell death. In this study, we specifically attempted to explore whether and how dysregulated autophagy contributes to caspase-dependent neuronal cell death induced by the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Ultrastructural and biochemical analyses indicated that MN9D neuronal cells and primary cultures of cortical neurons challenged with 6-OHDA displayed typical features of autophagy. Cotreatment with chloroquine and monitoring autophagic flux by a tandem mRFP-EGFP-tagged LC3 probe indicated that the autophagic phenomena were primarily caused by dysregulated autophagic flux. Consequently, cotreatment with an antioxidant but not with a pan-caspase inhibitor significantly blocked 6-OHDA-stimulated dysregulated autophagy. These results indicated that 6-OHDA-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) played a critical role in triggering neuronal death by causing dysregulated autophagy and subsequent caspase-dependent apoptosis. The results of the MTT reduction, caspase-3 activation, and TUNEL assays indicated that pharmacological inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine or deletion of the autophagy-related gene Atg5 significantly inhibited 6-OHDA-induced cell death. Taken together, our results suggest that abnormal induction of autophagic flux promotes apoptotic neuronal cell death, and that the treatments limiting dysregulated autophagy may have a strong neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhyun Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Juhyung Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Shinae Jung
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Yangsin Lee
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.,Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Young J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.
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22
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Mendes-Pinheiro B, Teixeira FG, Anjo SI, Manadas B, Behie LA, Salgado AJ. Secretome of Undifferentiated Neural Progenitor Cells Induces Histological and Motor Improvements in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:829-838. [PMID: 30238668 PMCID: PMC6216452 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results from the death of dopamine (DA) neurons. Over recent years, differentiated or undifferentiated neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation has been widely used as a means of cell replacement therapy. However, compelling evidence has brought attention to the array of bioactive molecules produced by stem cells, defined as secretome. As described in the literature, other cell populations have a high‐neurotrophic activity, but little is known about NSCs. Moreover, the exploration of the stem cell secretome is only in its initial stages, particularly as applied to neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, we have characterized the secretome of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) through proteomic analysis and investigated its effects in a 6‐hydroxidopamine (6‐OHDA) rat model of PD in comparison with undifferentiated hNPCs transplantation. Results revealed that the injection of hNPCs secretome potentiated the histological recovery of DA neurons when compared to the untreated group 6‐OHDA and those transplanted with cells (hNPCs), thereby supporting the functional motor amelioration of 6‐OHDA PD animals. Additionally, hNPCs secretome proteomic characterization has revealed that these cells have the capacity to secrete a wide range of important molecules with neuroregulatory actions, which are most likely support the effects observed. Overall, we have concluded that the use of hNPCs secretome partially modulate DA neurons cell survival and ameliorate PD animals’ motor deficits, disclosing improved results when compared to cell transplantation approaches, indicating that the secretome itself could represent a route for new therapeutic options for PD regenerative medicine. stem cells translational medicine2018;7:829–838
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Mendes-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fábio G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Anjo
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leo A Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
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23
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Henderson LE, Abdelmegeed MA, Yoo SH, Rhee SG, Zhu X, Smith MA, Nguyen RQ, Perry G, Song BJ. Enhanced Phosphorylation of Bax and Its Translocation into Mitochondria in the Brains of Individuals Affiliated with Alzheimer's Disease. Open Neurol J 2017; 11:48-58. [PMID: 29290835 PMCID: PMC5738752 DOI: 10.2174/1874205x01711010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite increased neuronal death, senile plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles observed in patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the detailed mechanism of cell death in AD is still poorly understood. Method: We hypothesized that p38 kinase activates and then phosphorylates Bax, leading to its translocation to mitochondria in AD brains compared to controls. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of p38 kinase in phosphorylation and sub-cellular localization of pro-apoptotic Bax in the frontal cortex of the brains from AD and control subjects. Increased oxidative stress in AD individuals compared to control was evaluated by measuring the levels of carbonylated proteins and oxidized peroxiredoxin, an antioxidant enzyme. The relative amounts of p38 kinase and phospho-Bax in mitochondria in AD brains and controls were determined by immunoblot analysis using the respective antibody against each protein following immunoprecipitation. Results: Our results showed that the levels of oxidized peroxiredoxin-SO3 and carbonylated proteins are significantly elevated in AD brains compared to controls, demonstrating the increased oxidative stress. Conclusion: The amount of phospho-p38 kinase is increased in AD brains and the activated p38 kinase appears to phosphorylate Thr residue(s) of Bax, which leads to its mitochondrial translocation, contributing to apoptosis and ultimately, neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Henderson
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9410, USA
| | - M A Abdelmegeed
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9410, USA
| | - S H Yoo
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9410, USA
| | - S G Rhee
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - X Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - M A Smith
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - R Q Nguyen
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - G Perry
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - B J Song
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9410, USA
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Anandhan A, Jacome MS, Lei S, Hernandez-Franco P, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Powers R, Franco R. Metabolic Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Bioenergetics, Redox Homeostasis and Central Carbon Metabolism. Brain Res Bull 2017; 133:12-30. [PMID: 28341600 PMCID: PMC5555796 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the accumulation of protein inclusions (Lewy bodies) are the pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is triggered by genetic alterations, environmental/occupational exposures and aging. However, the exact molecular mechanisms linking these PD risk factors to neuronal dysfunction are still unclear. Alterations in redox homeostasis and bioenergetics (energy failure) are thought to be central components of neurodegeneration that contribute to the impairment of important homeostatic processes in dopaminergic cells such as protein quality control mechanisms, neurotransmitter release/metabolism, axonal transport of vesicles and cell survival. Importantly, both bioenergetics and redox homeostasis are coupled to neuro-glial central carbon metabolism. We and others have recently established a link between the alterations in central carbon metabolism induced by PD risk factors, redox homeostasis and bioenergetics and their contribution to the survival/death of dopaminergic cells. In this review, we focus on the link between metabolic dysfunction, energy failure and redox imbalance in PD, making an emphasis in the contribution of central carbon (glucose) metabolism. The evidence summarized here strongly supports the consideration of PD as a disorder of cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadurai Anandhan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Maria S Jacome
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States
| | - Shulei Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Pablo Hernandez-Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Robert Powers
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States.
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Pires AO, Mendes-Pinheiro B, Teixeira FG, Anjo SI, Ribeiro-Samy S, Gomes ED, Serra SC, Silva NA, Manadas B, Sousa N, Salgado AJ. Unveiling the Differences of Secretome of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells, and Human Umbilical Cord Perivascular Cells: A Proteomic Analysis. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1073-83. [PMID: 27226274 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) has emerged as a possible therapeutic strategy for CNS-related conditions. Research in the last decade strongly suggests that MSC-mediated benefits are closely related with their secretome. Studies published in recent years have shown that the secretome of hMSCs isolated from different tissue sources may present significant variation. With this in mind, the present work performed a comparative proteomic-based analysis through mass spectrometry on the secretome of hMSCs derived from bone marrow (BMSCs), adipose tissue (ASCs), and human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs). The results revealed that BMSCs, ASCs, and HUCPVCs differed in their secretion of neurotrophic, neurogenic, axon guidance, axon growth, and neurodifferentiative proteins, as well as proteins with neuroprotective actions against oxidative stress, apoptosis, and excitotoxicity, which have been shown to be involved in several CNS disorder/injury processes. Although important changes were observed within the secretome of the cell populations that were analyzed, all cell populations shared the capability of secreting important neuroregulatory molecules. The difference in their secretion pattern may indicate that their secretome is specific to a condition of the CNS. Nevertheless, the confirmation that the secretome of MSCs isolated from different tissue sources is rich in neuroregulatory molecules represents an important asset not only for the development of future neuroregenerative strategies but also for their use as a therapeutic option for human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana O Pires
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Barbara Mendes-Pinheiro
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fábio G Teixeira
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Anjo
- 3 Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal .,4 CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Silvina Ribeiro-Samy
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Eduardo D Gomes
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sofia C Serra
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Silva
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- 4 CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Antonio J Salgado
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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26
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Park MH, Jo M, Kim YR, Lee CK, Hong JT. Roles of peroxiredoxins in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 163:1-23. [PMID: 27130805 PMCID: PMC7112520 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are antioxidant enzymes, known to catalyze peroxide reduction to balance cellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, which are essential for cell signaling and metabolism and act as a regulator of redox signaling. Redox signaling is a critical component of cell signaling pathways that are involved in the regulation of cell growth, metabolism, hormone signaling, immune regulation and variety of other physiological functions. Early studies demonstrated that PRDXs regulates cell growth, metabolism and immune regulation and therefore involved in the pathologic regulator or protectant of several cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory diseases. Oxidative stress and antioxidant systems are important regulators of redox signaling regulated diseases. In addition, thiol-based redox systems through peroxiredoxins have been demonstrated to regulate several redox-dependent process related diseases. In this review article, we will discuss recent findings regarding PRDXs in the development of diseases and further discuss therapeutic approaches targeting PRDXs. Moreover, we will suggest that PRDXs could be targets of several diseases and the therapeutic agents for targeting PRDXs may have potential beneficial effects for the treatment of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory diseases. Future research should open new avenues for the design of novel therapeutic approaches targeting PRDXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea, 361-951
| | - MiRan Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea, 361-951
| | - Yu Ri Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea, 361-951
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea, 361-951.
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27
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Lin P, Tian XH, Yi YS, Jiang WS, Zhou YJ, Cheng WJ. Luteolin-induced protection of H₂O₂-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells and the associated pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7699-704. [PMID: 26459830 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to H2O2‑induced nerve injury. This may result in oxidative stress that leads to cell damage or death. Dietary or pharmaceutical augmentation of the endogenous antioxidant defense capacity is a potential means by which to prevent ROS‑induced damage. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of luteolin on H2O2‑induced cell apoptosis in cultured rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) and to investigate the role of the phosphatidylinositol‑3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway on H2O2‑induced apoptosis. The results demonstrated that luteolin was able to inhibit the reduction in cell viability induced by H2O2. In addition, luteolin reduced ROS generation and lactate dehydrogenase release in H2O2‑treated PC12 cells. The levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity were increased following treatment with luteolin, however malondialdehyde levels were observed to be reduced. Additionally, luteolin increased the Bcl‑2/Bax ratio and enhanced Akt phosphorylation. However, these alterations were attenuated by pretreatment with an inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt pathway. In conclusion, luteolin inhibited H2O2‑induced apoptosis via reducing ROS levels and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Han Tian
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Shang Yi
- Department of Neurology, Seaport Hospital Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Shi Jiang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, People's Hospital of Yangshuo County, Yangshuo, Guangxi 541900, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Seaport Hospital Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Cheng
- Department of Neurology, No. 1 People's Hospital of Jining, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
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28
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Zhang M, Niu W, Zhang J, Ge L, Yang J, Sun Z, Tang X. Peroxiredoxin 1 suppresses apoptosis via regulation of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 signaling pathway in human oral leukoplakia. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1841-1847. [PMID: 26622762 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) has a significant role in several malignant types of tumor. However, the role of Prx1 in oral leukoplakia (OLK) has remained to be elucidated. OLK is a common precancerous lesion of the oral mucosa that has a very high malignant transformation rate. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of Prx1, and its association with apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and p38 in OLK. A total of 20 OLK samples and 10 normal oral mucosa samples were obtained from patients at the Beijing Stomatological Hospital (Beijing, China). The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels of Prx1, ASK1 and p38 were determined by polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. The interaction between Prx1 and ASK1 was examined in H2O2-treated DOK cells by glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assays and by co-immunoprecipitation in vitro. Compared with those of the normal oral mucosa, the mRNA levels of Prx1, ASK1 and p38 were elevated in OLK tissues (P<0.05). The protein expression levels of Prx1, phosphorylated-ASK1 (p-ASK1) and p-p38 were also significantly enhanced in OLK tissues compared with those of the normal mucosa (P<0.05). In Prx1-knockdown DOK cells, ASK1 and p38 were activated, leading to enhanced levels of apoptosis in response to H2O2. No clear interaction between Prx1 and ASK1 was detected in H2O2-treated DOK cells. Prx1 was suggested to be involved in OLK pathogenesis by providing resistance against extracellular damages from oxidative stress via inhibition of the ASK1-induced apoptotic signaling pathway. Targeting Prx1 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with OLK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Niu
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Ge
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Tang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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29
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McBean GJ, Aslan M, Griffiths HR, Torrão RC. Thiol redox homeostasis in neurodegenerative disease. Redox Biol 2015; 5:186-194. [PMID: 25974624 PMCID: PMC4434181 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the biochemistry of thiol redox couples and the significance of thiol redox homeostasis in neurodegenerative disease. The discussion is centred on cysteine/cystine redox balance, the significance of the xc− cystine–glutamate exchanger and the association between protein thiol redox balance and neurodegeneration, with particular reference to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and glaucoma. The role of thiol disulphide oxidoreductases in providing neuroprotection is also discussed. An overview of the biochemistry of thiol redox couples. The significance of thiol redox homoeostasis in neurodegenerative disease. The association between the xc− cystine–glutamate exchanger and glutamate-mediated toxicity. The role of thiol disulphide oxidoreductases in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gethin J McBean
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rita C Torrão
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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30
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Yun N, Lee YM, Kim C, Shibayama H, Tanimura A, Hamanaka Y, Kanakura Y, Park IS, Jo A, Shin JH, Ju C, Kim WK, Oh YJ. Anamorsin, a novel caspase-3 substrate in neurodegeneration. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:22183-95. [PMID: 24973211 PMCID: PMC4139231 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.552679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated caspases play a central role in the execution of apoptosis by cleaving endogenous substrates. Here, we developed a high throughput screening method to identify novel substrates for caspase-3 in a neuronal cell line. Critical steps in our strategy consist of two-dimensional electrophoresis-based protein separation and in vitro caspase-3 incubation of immobilized proteins to sort out direct substrates. Among 46 putative substrates identified in MN9D neuronal cells, we further evaluated whether caspase-3-mediated cleavage of anamorsin, a recently recognized cell death-defying factor in hematopoiesis, is a general feature of apoptosis. In vitro and cell-based cleavage assays indicated that anamorsin was specifically cleaved by caspase-3 but not by other caspases, generating 25- and 10-kDa fragments. Thus, in apoptosis of neuronal and non-neuronal cells induced by various stimuli including staurosporine, etoposide, or 6-hydroxydopamine, the cleavage of anamorsin was found to be blocked in the presence of caspase inhibitor. Among four tetrapeptide consensus DXXD motifs existing in anamorsin, we mapped a specific cleavage site for caspase-3 at DSVD(209)↓L. Intriguingly, the 25-kDa cleaved fragment of anamorsin was also detected in post-mortem brains of Alzheimer and Parkinson disease patients. Although the RNA interference-mediated knockdown of anamorsin rendered neuronal cells more vulnerable to staurosporine treatment, reintroduction of full-length anamorsin into an anamorsin knock-out stromal cell line made cells resistant to staurosporine-induced caspase activation, indicating the antiapoptotic function of anamorsin. Taken together, our approach seems to be effective to identify novel substrates for caspases and has the potential to provide meaningful insights into newly identified substrates involved in neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Yun
- From the Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Young Mook Lee
- From the Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Chiho Kim
- From the Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hirohiko Shibayama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Tanimura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuri Hamanaka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Il-Seon Park
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Areum Jo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, and
| | - Joo-Ho Shin
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, and
| | - Chung Ju
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Won-Ki Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Young J Oh
- From the Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea,
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31
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Lu H, Han YJ, Xu JD, Xing WM, Chen J. Proteomic characterization of acyclovir-induced nephrotoxicity in a mouse model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103185. [PMID: 25055032 PMCID: PMC4108384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyclovir (ACV) is an effective and widely used antiviral agent. However, its clinical application is limited by severe nephrotoxicity. We assessed ACV-induced nephrotoxicity and identified the differentially expressed proteins using mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. In total, 30 ICR mice were intraperitoneally administrated ACV (150 or 600 mg/kg per day) for 9 days. After administration of ACV, levels of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen increased significantly. In addition, mouse kidneys exhibited histopathological changes and reduced expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR2. In the proteomic analysis, more than 1,000 proteins were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and a total of 20 proteins were up- or down-regulated in the ACV group compared with the saline group. Among these, six proteins (MHC class II antigen, glyoxalase 1, peroxiredoxin 1, αB-crystallin, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1-IIIb, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb) were identified in association with ACV-induced nephrotoxicity. These findings were confirmed by Western blotting analysis. The differential expression levels of α-BC, Prx1, Glo I and CcO Vb suggest that oxidative damage and mitochondrial injury may be involved in ACV-induced nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, VEGF and FGF may play a role in tissue repair and the restoration process following ACV nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- School of Pharmacology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ya-Juan Han
- School of Pharmacology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jia-Dong Xu
- School of Pharmacology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wen-Min Xing
- School of Pharmacology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Pharmacology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
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32
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Elyasi L, Eftekhar-Vaghefi SH, Esmaeili-Mahani S. Morphine Protects SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells Against 6-Hydroxydopamine–Induced Cell Damage: Involvement of Anti-Oxidant, Calcium Blocking, and Anti-Apoptotic Properties. Rejuvenation Res 2014; 17:255-63. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Elyasi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center (KNRC), Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Kerman, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Kerman, Iran
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33
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Kim SU, Park YH, Kim JM, Sun HN, Song IS, Huang SM, Lee SH, Chae JI, Hong S, Sik Choi S, Choi SC, Lee TH, Kang SW, Rhee SG, Chang KT, Lee SH, Yu DY, Lee DS. Dominant Role of Peroxiredoxin/JNK Axis in Stemness Regulation During Neurogenesis from Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2014; 32:998-1011. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Redox balance has been suggested as an important determinant of “stemness” in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). In this study, we demonstrate that peroxiredoxin (Prx) plays a pivotal role in maintenance of ESC stemness during neurogenesis through suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive signaling. During neurogenesis, Prx I and Oct4 are expressed in a mutually dependent manner and their expression is abruptly downregulated by an excess of ROS. Thus, in Prx I−/− or Prx II−/− ESCs, rapid loss of stemness can occur due to spontaneous ROS overload, leading to their active commitment into neurons; however, stemness is restored by the addition of an antioxidant or an inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In addition, Prx I and Prx II appear to have a tight association with the mechanism underlying the protection of ESC stemness in developing teratomas. These results suggest that Prx functions as a protector of ESC stemness by opposing ROS/JNK cascades during neurogenesis. Therefore, our findings have important implications for understanding of maintenance of ESC stemness through involvement of antioxidant enzymes and may lead to development of an alternative stem cell-based therapeutic strategy for production of high-quality neurons in large quantity. Stem Cells 2014;32:998–1011
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Uk Kim
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- National Primate Research Center, KRIBB, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- National Primate Research Center, KRIBB, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - In-Sung Song
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Mei Huang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience BK21 plus project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hong
- Division of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choi
- Division of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Cheol Choi
- Division of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Kang
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Goo Rhee
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center, KRIBB, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Lee
- Division of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- College of Natural Sciences BK21 plus project, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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34
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Shin DI, Oh YJ. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Associated Protein 1 (TRAP1) is Released from the Mitochondria Following 6-hydroxydopamine Treatment. Exp Neurobiol 2014; 23:65-76. [PMID: 24737941 PMCID: PMC3984958 DOI: 10.5607/en.2014.23.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Most cases are sporadic and its etiology is incompletely understood. However, increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in mitochondrial protein profiles during dopaminergic neuronal cell death using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in conjunction with mass spectrometry. Several protein spots were found to be significantly altered following treatment of MN9D dopaminergic neuronal cells with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Among several identified candidates, TNF receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1), a mitochondrial molecular chaperone, was released from the mitochondria into the cytosol in MN9D cells as well as primary cultures of dopaminergic neurons following 6-OHDA treatment. This event was drug-specific in that such apoptotic inducers as staurosporine and etoposide did not cause translocation of TRAP1 into the cytosol. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate the drug-induced subcellular translocation of TRAP1 during neurodegeneration. Further studies delineating cellular mechanism associated with this phenomenon and its functional consequence may provide better understanding of dopaminergic neurodegeneration that underlies PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ik Shin
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
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Pasban-Aliabadi H, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Sheibani V, Abbasnejad M, Mehdizadeh A, Yaghoobi MM. Inhibition of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced PC12 cell apoptosis by olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extract is performed by its main component oleuropein. Rejuvenation Res 2014; 16:134-42. [PMID: 23394606 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2012.1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive death of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Most neurodegenerative disease treatments are, at present, palliative. However, some natural herbal products have been shown to rescue neurons from death and apoptosis in some of neurodegenerative diseases. Not only Olea europaea L. olive oil, but also the leaves of this plant have been used for medical purposes. Olive leaf extract (OLE) is being used by people as a drink across the world and as an integral ingredient in their desire to maintain and improve their health. Here, we investigated the effects of OLE and its main phenolic component oleuropein on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced toxicity in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells as an in vitro model of PD. Cell damage was induced by 150 μM 6-OHDA. The cell survival rate was examined by MTT assay. Generation of intra-cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was studied using fluorescence spectrophotometry. Immunoblotting and DNA analysis were also employed to determine the levels of biochemical markers of apoptosis in the cells. The data showed that 6-OHDA could decrease the viability of the cells. In addition, intra-cellular ROS, activated caspase 3, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, as well as DNA fragmentation were significantly increased in 6-OHDA-treated cells. Incubation of cells with OLE (400 and 600 μg/mL) and oleuropein (20 and 25 μg/mL) could decrease cell damage and reduce biochemical markers of cell death. The results suggest that OLE and oleuropein have anti-oxidant protective effects against 6-OHDA-induced PC12 cell damage. The protective effects of OLE and oleuropein are correlative with their anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties and suggest their therapeutic potential in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Pasban-Aliabadi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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JIANG HONG, LI JICHANG, ZHOU TIEZHONG, WANG CHUNHUA, ZHANG HUA, WANG HONGJUN. Colistin-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells: Involvement of the mitochondrial apoptotic and death receptor pathways. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1298-304. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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2-cys peroxiredoxins: emerging hubs determining redox dependency of Mammalian signaling networks. Int J Cell Biol 2014; 2014:715867. [PMID: 24672551 PMCID: PMC3932224 DOI: 10.1155/2014/715867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells have a well-defined set of antioxidant enzymes, which includes superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, and peroxiredoxins. Peroxiredoxins are the most recently identified family of antioxidant enzymes that catalyze the reduction reaction of peroxides, such as H2O2. In particular, typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins are the featured peroxidase enzymes that receive the electrons from NADPH by coupling with thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. These enzymes distribute throughout the cellular compartments and, therefore, are thought to be broad-range antioxidant defenders. However, recent evidence demonstrates that typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins play key signal regulatory roles in the various signaling networks by interacting with or residing near a specific redox-sensitive molecule. These discoveries help reveal the redox signaling landscape in mammalian cells and may further provide a new paradigm of therapeutic approaches based on redox signaling.
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Srivastava G, Singh K, Tiwari MN, Singh MP. Proteomics in Parkinson’s disease: current trends, translational snags and future possibilities. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 7:127-39. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.09.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the biphenolic active compound of turmeric. Curcumin has been used for hundreds of years to treat various ailments. Curcumin has been reported to exert numerous pharmacological effects by modulating multiple molecular targets including those involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. Cancer has been characterized as the dysregulation of cell signaling pathways through gradual alteration of regulatory proteins and through gene mutation. Curcumin is a highly pleiotropic molecule that modulates several intracellular signaling pathways in cancer. The pleiotropic activities of curcumin have been attributed to its novel molecular structure. Based on its β-diketone moiety, curcumin exists in keto-enol tautomers, and this tautomerism favors interaction and binding with a wide range of enzymes. Several studies have shown modulation of numerous signaling enzymes by curcumin including, LOX, COX-2, XO, proteasomes, Ca(2+)-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum, MMPs, HAT, HDAC, DNMT1, DNA polymerase λ, ribonucleases, GloI, protein kinases (PKA, PKB, PKC, v-Src, GSK-3β, ErbB2), protein reductases (TrxR1, AR), GSH, ICDHs, peroxidases (Prx1, Prx2, Prx6) by treatment with curcumin. Various biophysical analyses have been reported, which shows the underlying molecular interaction of curcumin with multiple targets in terms of binding affinities. The current chapter describes how curcumin binds and modulates multiple enzymes involved cancer. Published clinical trial studies with curcumin in cancer management will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Shehzad
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sup Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Impaired autophagic flux is critically involved in drug-induced dopaminergic neuronal death. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20 Suppl 1:S162-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(13)70039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Liu X, Yamada N, Osawa T. Amide-type adduct of dopamine - plausible cause of Parkinson diseases. Subcell Biochem 2014; 77:49-60. [PMID: 24374917 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7920-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is the endogenous neurotransmitter produced by nigral neurons. Dopamine loss can trigger not only prominent secondary morphological changes, but also changes in the density and sensitivity of dopamine receptors; therefore, it is a sign of PD development. The reasons for dopamine loss are attributed to dopamine's molecular instability due to it is a member of catecholamine family, whose catechol structure contributes to high oxidative stress through enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation. Oxidative stress in the brain easily leads to the lipid peroxidation reaction due to a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6/ω-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, C18:4/ω-6). Recent studies have shown that lipid hydroperoxides, the primary peroxidative products, could non-specifically react with primary amino groups to form N-acyl-type (amide-linkage) adducts. Therefore, based on the NH2-teminals in dopamine's structure, the aims of this chapter are to describes the possibility that reactive LOOH species derived from DHA/AA lipid peroxidation may modify dopamine to form amide-linkage dopamine adducts, which might be related to etiology of Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebo Liu
- The Laboratory of Food and Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan,
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Kim C, Yun N, Lee YM, Jeong JY, Baek JY, Song HY, Ju C, Youdim MBH, Jin BK, Kim WK, Oh YJ. Gel-based protease proteomics for identifying the novel calpain substrates in dopaminergic neuronal cell. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36717-32. [PMID: 24235151 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.492876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are a family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that are ubiquitously expressed in mammals and play critical roles in neuronal death by catalyzing substrate proteolysis. Here, we developed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based protease proteomics to identify putative calpain substrates. To accomplish this, cellular lysates from neuronal cells were first separated by pI, and the immobilized sample on a gel strip was incubated with a recombinant calpain and separated by molecular weight. Among 25 altered protein spots that were differentially expressed by at least 2-fold, we confirmed that arsenical pump-driving ATPase, optineurin, and peripherin were cleaved by calpain using in vitro and in vivo cleavage assays. Furthermore, we found that all of these substrates were cleaved in MN9D cells treated with either ionomycin or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, both of which cause a calcium-mediated calpain activation. Their cleavage was blocked by calcium chelator or calpain inhibitors. In addition, calpain-mediated cleavage of these substrates and its inhibition by calpeptin were confirmed in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model of cerebral ischemia, as well as a stereotaxic brain injection model of Parkinson disease. Transient overexpression of each protein was shown to attenuate 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced cell death, indicating that these substrates may confer protection of varying magnitudes against dopaminergic injury. Taken together, the data indicate that our protease proteomic method has the potential to be applicable for identifying proteolytic substrates affected by diverse proteases. Moreover, the results described here will help us decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of neurodegenerative disorders where protease activation is critically involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiho Kim
- From the Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Hanschmann EM, Godoy JR, Berndt C, Hudemann C, Lillig CH. Thioredoxins, glutaredoxins, and peroxiredoxins--molecular mechanisms and health significance: from cofactors to antioxidants to redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1539-605. [PMID: 23397885 PMCID: PMC3797455 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs), glutaredoxins (Grxs), and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have been characterized as electron donors, guards of the intracellular redox state, and "antioxidants". Today, these redox catalysts are increasingly recognized for their specific role in redox signaling. The number of publications published on the functions of these proteins continues to increase exponentially. The field is experiencing an exciting transformation, from looking at a general redox homeostasis and the pathological oxidative stress model to realizing redox changes as a part of localized, rapid, specific, and reversible redox-regulated signaling events. This review summarizes the almost 50 years of research on these proteins, focusing primarily on data from vertebrates and mammals. The role of Trx fold proteins in redox signaling is discussed by looking at reaction mechanisms, reversible oxidative post-translational modifications of proteins, and characterized interaction partners. On the basis of this analysis, the specific regulatory functions are exemplified for the cellular processes of apoptosis, proliferation, and iron metabolism. The importance of Trxs, Grxs, and Prxs for human health is addressed in the second part of this review, that is, their potential impact and functions in different cell types, tissues, and various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - José Rodrigo Godoy
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carsten Berndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Hudemann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Horst Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
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Curcumin induces radiosensitivity of in vitro and in vivo cancer models by modulating pre-mRNA processing factor 4 (Prp4). Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:394-402. [PMID: 24144778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy plays a central role in adjuvant strategies for the treatment of both pre- and post-operative human cancers. However, radiation therapy has low efficacy against cancer cells displaying radio-resistant phenotypes. Ionizing radiation has been shown to enhance ROS generation, which mediates apoptotic cell death. Further, concomitant use of sensitizers with radiation improves the efficiency of radiotherapy against a variety of human cancers. Here, the radio-sensitizing effect of curcumin (a derivative of turmeric) was investigated against growth of HCT-15 cells and tumor induction in C57BL/6J mice. Ionizing radiation induced apoptosis through ROS generation and down-regulation of Prp4K, which was further potentiated by curcumin treatment. Flow cytometry revealed a dose-dependent response for radiation-induced cell death, which was remarkably reversed by transfection of cells with Prp4K clone. Over-expression of Prp4K resulted in a significant decrease in ROS production possibly through activation of an anti-oxidant enzyme system. To elucidate an integrated mechanism, Prp4K knockdown by siRNA ultimately restored radiation-induced ROS generation. Furthermore, B16F10 xenografts in C57BL/6J mice were established in order to investigate the radio-sensitizing effect of curcumin in vivo. Curcumin significantly enhanced the efficacy of radiation therapy and reduced tumor growth as compared to control or radiation alone. Collectively, these results suggest a novel mechanism for curcumin-mediated radio-sensitization of cancer based on ROS generation and down-regulation of Prp4K.
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Esmaeili-Mahani S, Vazifekhah S, Pasban-Aliabadi H, Abbasnejad M, Sheibani V. Protective effect of orexin-A on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:719-25. [PMID: 24135219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive and selective death of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Pharmacologic treatment of PD can be divided into symptomatic and neuroprotective therapies. Orexin-A (hypocretin-1) is a hypothalamic peptide that exerts its biological effects by stimulation of two specific, membrane-bound orexin receptors. Recent studies have shown that orexin-A has a protective role during neuronal damage. Here, we investigated the effects of orexin-A on 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line as an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease. Cell damage was induced by 150μM 6-OHDA and the cells viability was examined by MTT assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry method. Immunoblotting and DNA analysis were also employed to determine the levels of biochemical markers of apoptosis in the cells. The data showed that 6-OHDA could decrease the viability of the cells. In addition, intracellular ROS, activated caspase 3, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c as well as DNA fragmentation were significantly increased in 6-OHDA-treated cells. Pretreatment of cells with orexin-A (80pM) elicited protective effect and reduced biochemical markers of cell death. The results suggest that orexin-A has protective effects against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity and its protective effects are accompanied by its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties and contribute to our knowledge of the pharmacology of orexin-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
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46
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Kim IK, Lee KJ, Rhee S, Seo SB, Pak JH. Protective effects of peroxiredoxin 6 overexpression on amyloid β-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:836-46. [PMID: 23937564 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.833330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress triggered by amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation contributes substantially to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we examined the involvement of the antioxidant activity of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx 6) in protecting against Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in rat PC12 cells. Treatment of PC12 cells with Aβ25-35 resulted in a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity that was associated with increased accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death, including activation of Caspase 3 and 9, inactivation of poly ADP-ribosyl polymerse (PARP), and dysregulation of Bcl-2 and Bax. This apoptotic signaling machinery was markedly attenuated in PC12 cells that overexpress wild-type Prdx 6, but not in cells that overexpress the C47S catalytic mutant of Prdx 6. This indicates that the peroxidase activity of Prdx 6 protects PC12 cells from Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity. The neuroprotective role of the antioxidant Prdx 6 suggests its therapeutic and/or prophylactic potential to slow the progression of AD and limit the extent of neuronal cell death caused by AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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47
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Dowell JA, Johnson JA. Mechanisms of Nrf2 protection in astrocytes as identified by quantitative proteomics and siRNA screening. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70163. [PMID: 23922950 PMCID: PMC3726381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nrf2 (NF-E2 related factor 2)-ARE (antioxidant response element) pathway controls a powerful array of endogenous cellular antioxidant systems and is an important pathway in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. Using a combination of quantitative proteomics and siRNA screening, we have identified novel protective mechanisms of the Nrf2-ARE pathway against oxidative stress in astrocytes. Studies from our lab and others have shown Nrf2 overexpression protects astrocytes from oxidative stress. However, the exact mechanisms by which Nrf2 elicits these effects are unknown. In this study, we show that induction of Nrf2 reduces levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by various oxidative stressors and results in robust cytoprotection. To identify the enzymes responsible for these effects, we used stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and quantitative shotgun proteomics to identify 72 Nrf2-regulated proteins in astrocytes. We hypothesized a subset of these proteins might play a critical role in Nrf2 protection. In order to identify these critical proteins, we used bioinformatics to narrow our target list of proteins and then systematically screened each candidate with siRNA to assess the role of each in Nrf2 protection. We screened each target against H2O2, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and 4-hydroxynonenal and subsequently identified three enzymes-catalase, prostaglandin reductase-1, and peroxiredoxin-6-that are critical for Nrf2-mediated protection in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Dowell
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Johnson
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Center of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Cimini A, Gentile R, Angelucci F, Benedetti E, Pitari G, Giordano A, Ippoliti R. Neuroprotective effects of PrxI over-expression in an in vitro human Alzheimer's disease model. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:708-15. [PMID: 23060010 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins are ubiquitous proteins that recently attracted major interests in view of the strict correlation observed in several cell lines and/or tissues between different levels of their expression and the increased capacity of cells to survive in different pathophysiological conditions. They are recently considered as the most important enzymes regulating the concentration of hydroperoxides inside the cells. Most of neurodisorders such as Parkinson, Huntington, Alzheimer's diseases, and ischemic injury are characterized by conditions of oxidative stress inside cells. In these pathophysiological conditions, a strict correlation between cell survival and Prx expression has been found. In CNS all the Prx isoforms are present though with different expression pattern depending on cell phenotype. Interestingly, neurons treated with amyloid beta peptide (Aβ), showed an overexpression of PrxI. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of PrxI after Aβ exposure and the underlying mechanisms by which PrxI expression counteracts cell death was investigated in a well established human AD in vitro model. Taking advantage on cells transfected by a construct where human PrxI is fused with a Green fluorescent protein (GFP) at the C-terminus, we report some events at the basis of cell survival after Aβ injury, suggesting possible new signal cascades dealing with the antiapoptotic effect of PrxI. The results obtained indicated a protective role for PrxI in counteracting Aβ injury by increasing cell viability, preserving neurites, and decreasing cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Caspase-3-mediated cleavage of PICOT in apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 432:533-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen ML. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed antipsychotic drugs induced protein expression modulations in C6 glioma cells. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 40:1-11. [PMID: 22960606 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy and side effects of long-term administration of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) may be attributed to drug-induced change in protein expression in brain cells. Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that can provide nutrients and physiological support to neuronal cells. Glial cells are believed to participate in neurotransmission, neurons' early development, and guiding migration of neurons. Accumulated clinical data also indicate relationships between disturbance of glial cells' function and various psychotic diseases including schizophrenia. We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry protein identification to analyze differentially expressed proteins in haloperidol-, risperidone-, and clozapine-treated C6 glioma cells. We found that the expression of pericentrin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1, anionic trypsin-1, peroxiredoxin-1, and parvalbumin were regulated by each of the three APDs. Western blot analysis supported the findings. Real-time quantitative PCR detected changed transcriptions of those proteins. Protein and gene expression of N-cadherin in C6 cells were affected by haloperidol and clozapine but not risperidone. In addition, regulatory effects of clozapine on the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene were observed in C6 cells. This may be the first study to uncover how APD-modulated genes may cause protein expression changes and affect ARHGDIA-mediated regulation of Rho GTPase family proteins in glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Liang Chen
- Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.
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