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Gupta R, Dittmeier M, Wohlleben G, Nickl V, Bischler T, Luzak V, Wegat V, Doll D, Sodmann A, Bady E, Langlhofer G, Wachter B, Havlicek S, Gupta J, Horn E, Lüningschrör P, Villmann C, Polat B, Wischhusen J, Monoranu CM, Kuper J, Blum R. Atypical cellular responses mediated by intracellular constitutive active TrkB (NTRK2) kinase domains and a solely intracellular NTRK2-fusion oncogene. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00809-0. [PMID: 39039193 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Trk (NTRK) receptor and NTRK gene fusions are oncogenic drivers of a wide variety of tumors. Although Trk receptors are typically activated at the cell surface, signaling of constitutive active Trk and diverse intracellular NTRK fusion oncogenes is barely investigated. Here, we show that a high intracellular abundance is sufficient for neurotrophin-independent, constitutive activation of TrkB kinase domains. In HEK293 cells, constitutive active TrkB kinase and an intracellular NTRK2-fusion oncogene (SQSTM1-NTRK2) reduced actin filopodia dynamics, phosphorylated FAK, and altered the cell morphology. Atypical cellular responses could be mimicked with the intracellular kinase domain, which did not activate the Trk-associated MAPK/ERK pathway. In glioblastoma-like U87MG cells, expression of TrkB or SQSTM1-NTRK2 reduced cell motility and caused drastic changes in the transcriptome. Clinically approved Trk inhibitors or mutating Y705 in the kinase domain, blocked the cellular effects and transcriptome changes. Atypical signaling was also seen for TrkA and TrkC. Moreover, hallmarks of atypical pTrk kinase were found in biopsies of Nestin-positive glioblastoma. Therefore, we suggest Western blot-like immunoassay screening of NTRK-related (brain) tumor biopsies to identify patients with atypical panTrk or phosphoTrk signals. Such patients could be candidates for treatment with NTRK inhibitors such as Larotrectinhib or Entrectinhib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Gupta
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Dittmeier
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gisela Wohlleben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vera Nickl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bischler
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Luzak
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Biomedizinisches Zentrum, Planegg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Wegat
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Grenzflächen- und Bioverfahrenstechnik IGB, Bio- Elektro- und Chemokatalyse BioCat, Straubing, Germany
| | - Dennis Doll
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annemarie Sodmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elena Bady
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Langlhofer
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Britta Wachter
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Steven Havlicek
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Neurona Therapeutics, 170 Harbor Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jahnve Gupta
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Evi Horn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lüningschrör
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Villmann
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bülent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Wischhusen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camelia M Monoranu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Kuper
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Structural Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Grant CE, Flis AL, Toulabi L, Zingone A, Rossi E, Aploks K, Sheppard H, Ryan BM. DRD1 suppresses cell proliferation and reduces EGFR activation and PD-L1 expression in NSCLC. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1631-1648. [PMID: 38572507 PMCID: PMC11161724 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) acts in various key neurological and physiological processes as both a neurotransmitter and circulating hormone. Over the past several decades, the DA signaling network has been shown to regulate the progression of several types of solid tumors, and considerable evidence has shown it is a druggable pathway in the cancer cell context. However, the specific activity and effect of these pathway components appears to be tissue-type and cell-context-dependent. In the present study, expression and methylation of dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) were measured using RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples, and validated using publicly available datasets, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In vitro and in vivo functional experiments were performed for cell proliferation and tumor growth, respectively. Mechanistic analyses of the transcriptome and kinome in DRD1-modulated cells informed further experiments, which characterized the effects on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) proteins. Through these experiments, we identified the DRD1 gene as a negative regulator of disease progression in NSCLC. We show that DRD1, as well as other DA pathway components, are expressed in normal human lung tissue, and that loss of DRD1 expression through promoter hypermethylation is a common feature in NSCLC patients and is associated with worse survival. At the cellular level, DRD1 affects proliferation by inhibiting the activation of EGFR and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Interestingly, we also found that DRD1 regulates the expression of PD-L1 in lung cancer cells. Taken together, these results suggest that DRD1 methylation may constitute a biomarker of poor prognosis in NSCLC patients while other components of this pathway could be targeted to improve response to EGFR- and PD-L1-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Grant
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Amy L. Flis
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Leila Toulabi
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Adriana Zingone
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Emily Rossi
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Krist Aploks
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Heather Sheppard
- Veterinary Pathology CoreSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Bríd M. Ryan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
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Wang Y, Liang J, Xu B, Yang J, Wu Z, Cheng L. TrkB/BDNF signaling pathway and its small molecular agonists in CNS injury. Life Sci 2024; 336:122282. [PMID: 38008209 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most prevalent neurotrophic factors in the central nervous system (CNS), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a significant role in CNS injury by binding to its specific receptor Tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB). The BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway is crucial for neuronal survival, structural changes, and plasticity. BDNF acts as an axonal growth and extension factor, a pro-survival factor, and a synaptic modulator in the CNS. BDNF also plays an important role in the maintenance and plasticity of neuronal circuits. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of BDNF in the treatment and recovery of neurodegenerative and neurotraumatic disorders. By undertaking in-depth study on the mechanism of BDNF/TrkB function, important novel therapeutic strategies for treating neuropsychiatric disorders have been discovered. In this review, we discuss the expression patterns and mechanisms of the TrkB/BDNF signaling pathway in CNS damage and introduce several intriguing small molecule TrkB receptor agonists produced over the previous several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Wang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200072, China; Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200072, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Boyu Xu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200072, China; Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200072, China; Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhourui Wu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200072, China.
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Ayon-Olivas M, Wolf D, Andreska T, Granado N, Lüningschrör P, Ip CW, Moratalla R, Sendtner M. Dopaminergic Input Regulates the Sensitivity of Indirect Pathway Striatal Spiny Neurons to Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1360. [PMID: 37887070 PMCID: PMC10604681 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) is closely linked to the dopaminergic depletion of striatal neurons and altered synaptic plasticity at corticostriatal synapses. Dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) stimulation is a crucial step in the formation of long-term potentiation (LTP), whereas dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) stimulation is needed for the formation of long-term depression (LTD) in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) and its ligand brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are centrally involved in plasticity regulation at the corticostriatal synapses. DRD1 activation enhances TrkB's sensitivity for BDNF in direct pathway spiny projection neurons (dSPNs). In this study, we showed that the activation of DRD2 in cultured striatal indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (iSPNs) and cholinergic interneurons causes the retraction of TrkB from the plasma membrane. This provides an explanation for the opposing synaptic plasticity changes observed upon DRD1 or DRD2 stimulation. In addition, TrkB was found within intracellular structures in dSPNs and iSPNs from Pitx3-/- mice, a genetic model of PD with early onset dopaminergic depletion in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS). This dysregulated BDNF/TrkB signaling might contribute to the pathophysiology of direct and indirect pathway striatal projection neurons in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurilyn Ayon-Olivas
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wolf
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Andreska
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Noelia Granado
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick Lüningschrör
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
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Lüningschrör P, Andreska T, Veh A, Wolf D, Giridhar NJ, Moradi M, Denzel A, Sendtner M. Calnexin controls TrkB cell surface transport and ER-phagy in mouse cerebral cortex development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1733-1747.e6. [PMID: 37506696 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Transactivation of Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) by EGF leads to cell surface transport of TrkB, promoting its signaling responsiveness to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a critical process for proper cortical plate development. However, the mechanisms that regulate the transport of TrkB to the cell surface are not fully understood. Here, we identified Calnexin as a regulator for targeting TrkB either to the cell surface or toward autophagosomal processing. Calnexin-deficient mouse embryos show impaired cortical plate formation and elevated levels of transactivated TrkB. In Calnexin-depleted mouse neuronal precursor cells, we detected an impaired cell surface transport of TrkB in response to EGF and an impaired delivery to autophagosomes. Mechanistically, we show that Calnexin facilitates the interaction of TrkB with the ER-phagy receptor Fam134b, thereby targeting TrkB to ER-phagy. This mechanism appears as a critical process for fine-tuning the sensitivity of neurons to BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lüningschrör
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Andreska
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Veh
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wolf
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Neha Jadhav Giridhar
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mehri Moradi
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Denzel
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund now Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
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6
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Pelosi A, Nakamura Y, Girault JA, Hervé D. BDNF/TrkB pathway activation in D1 receptor-expressing striatal projection neurons plays a protective role against L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106238. [PMID: 37495178 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a frequent adverse side effect of L-DOPA treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD). Understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of these motor disorders is needed to reduce or prevent them. We investigated the role of TrkB receptor in LID, in hemiparkinsonian mice treated by chronic L-DOPA administration. Repeated L-DOPA treatment for 10 days specifically increased full-length TrkB receptor mRNA and protein levels in the dopamine-depleted dorsal striatum (DS) compared to the contralateral non-lesioned DS or to the DS of sham-operated animals. Dopamine depletion alone or acute L-DOPA treatment did not significantly increase TrkB protein levels. In addition to increasing TrkB protein levels, chronic L-DOPA treatment activated the TrkB receptor as evidenced by its increased tyrosine phosphorylation. Using specific agonists for the D1 or D2 receptors, we found that TrkB increase is D1 receptor-dependent. To determine the consequences of these effects, the TrkB gene was selectively deleted in striatal neurons expressing the D1 receptor. Mice with TrkB floxed gene were injected with Cre-expressing adeno-associated viruses or crossed with Drd1-Cre transgenic mice. After unilateral lesion of dopamine neurons in these mice, we found an aggravation of axial LID compared to the control groups. In contrast, no change was found when TrkB deletion was induced in the indirect pathway D2 receptor-expressing neurons. Our study suggests that BDNF/TrkB signaling plays a protective role against the development of LID and that agonists specifically activating TrkB could reduce the severity of LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Pelosi
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Science and Engineering Faculty, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Yukari Nakamura
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Science and Engineering Faculty, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Science and Engineering Faculty, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Denis Hervé
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Science and Engineering Faculty, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.
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7
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Zhong M, Wang Y, Lin G, Liao FF, Zhou FM. Dopamine-independent development and maintenance of mouse striatal medium spiny neuron dendritic spines. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106096. [PMID: 37001611 PMCID: PMC10864017 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and striatal dopamine (DA) innervation are profoundly important for brain function such as motor control and cognition. A widely accepted theory posits that striatal DA loss causes (or leads to) MSN dendritic atrophy. However, examination of the literature indicates that the data from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and animal PD models were contradictory among studies and hard to interpret. Here we have re-examined the potential effects of DA activity on MSN morphology or lack thereof. We found that in 15-day, 4- and 12-month old Pitx3 null mutant mice that have severe DA denervation in the dorsal striatum while having substantial residual DA innervation in the ventral striatum, MSN dendrites and spine numbers were similar in dorsal and ventral striatum, and also similar to those in normal mice. In 15-day, 4- and 12-month old tyrosine hydroxylase knockout mice that cannot synthesize L-dopa and thus have no endogenous DA in the entire brain, MSN dendrites and spine numbers were also indistinguishable from age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, in adult WT mice, unilateral 6-OHDA lesion at 12 months of age caused an almost complete striatal DA denervation in the lesioned side, but MSN dendrites and spine numbers were similar in the lesioned and control sides. Taken together, our data indicate that in mice, the development and maintenance of MSN dendrites and spines are DA-independent such that DA depletion does not trigger MSN dendritic atrophy; our data also suggest that the reported MSN dendritic atrophy in PD may be a component of neurodegeneration in PD rather than a consequence of DA denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Zhong
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China; Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Geng Lin
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiments, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Francesca-Fang Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Fu-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.
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Burk K. The endocytosis, trafficking, sorting and signaling of neurotrophic receptors. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 196:141-165. [PMID: 36813356 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins are soluble factors secreted by neurons themselves as well as by post-synaptic target tissues. Neurotrophic signaling regulates several processes such as neurite growth, neuronal survival and synaptogenesis. In order to signal, neurotrophins bind to their receptors, the tropomyosin receptor tyrosine kinase (Trk), which causes internalization of the ligand-receptor complex. Subsequently, this complex is routed into the endosomal system from where Trks can start their downstream signaling. Depending on their endosomal localization, co-receptors involved, but also due to the expression patterns of adaptor proteins, Trks regulate a variety of mechanisms. In this chapter, I provide an overview of the endocytosis, trafficking, sorting and signaling of neurotrophic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Burk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany.
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Channer B, Matt SM, Nickoloff-Bybel EA, Pappa V, Agarwal Y, Wickman J, Gaskill PJ. Dopamine, Immunity, and Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:62-158. [PMID: 36757901 PMCID: PMC9832385 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function, regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also regulates critical functions in peripheral organs, such as blood pressure, renal activity, and intestinal motility. Beyond these functions, a growing body of evidence indicates that dopamine is an important immunoregulatory factor. Most types of immune cells express dopamine receptors and other dopaminergic proteins, and many immune cells take up, produce, store, and/or release dopamine, suggesting that dopaminergic immunomodulation is important for immune function. Targeting these pathways could be a promising avenue for the treatment of inflammation and disease, but despite increasing research in this area, data on the specific effects of dopamine on many immune cells and disease processes remain inconsistent and poorly understood. Therefore, this review integrates the current knowledge of the role of dopamine in immune cell function and inflammatory signaling across systems. We also discuss the current understanding of dopaminergic regulation of immune signaling in the CNS and peripheral tissues, highlighting the role of dopaminergic immunomodulation in diseases such as Parkinson's disease, several neuropsychiatric conditions, neurologic human immunodeficiency virus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and others. Careful consideration is given to the influence of experimental design on results, and we note a number of areas in need of further research. Overall, this review integrates our knowledge of dopaminergic immunology at the cellular, tissue, and disease level and prompts the development of therapeutics and strategies targeted toward ameliorating disease through dopaminergic regulation of immunity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Canonically, dopamine is recognized as a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of movement, cognition, and reward. However, dopamine also acts as an immune modulator in the central nervous system and periphery. This review comprehensively assesses the current knowledge of dopaminergic immunomodulation and the role of dopamine in disease pathogenesis at the cellular and tissue level. This will provide broad access to this information across fields, identify areas in need of further investigation, and drive the development of dopaminergic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breana Channer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Stephanie M Matt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Emily A Nickoloff-Bybel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Jason Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Peter J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
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10
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Mitre M, Saadipour K, Williams K, Khatri L, Froemke RC, Chao MV. Transactivation of TrkB Receptors by Oxytocin and Its G Protein-Coupled Receptor. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:891537. [PMID: 35721318 PMCID: PMC9201241 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.891537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) binds to the TrkB tyrosine kinase receptor, which dictates the sensitivity of neurons to BDNF. A unique feature of TrkB is the ability to be activated by small molecules in a process called transactivation. Here we report that the brain neuropeptide oxytocin increases BDNF TrkB activity in primary cortical neurons and in the mammalian neocortex during postnatal development. Oxytocin produces its effects through a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), however, the receptor signaling events that account for its actions have not been fully defined. We find oxytocin rapidly transactivates TrkB receptors in bath application of acute brain slices of 2-week-old mice and in primary cortical culture by increasing TrkB receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. The effects of oxytocin signaling could be distinguished from the related vasopressin receptor. The transactivation of TrkB receptors by oxytocin enhances the clustering of gephyrin, a scaffold protein responsible to coordinate inhibitory responses. Because oxytocin displays pro-social functions in maternal care, cognition, and social attachment, it is currently a focus of therapeutic strategies in autism spectrum disorders. Interestingly, oxytocin and BDNF are both implicated in the pathophysiology of depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, and cognition. These results imply that oxytocin may rely upon crosstalk with BDNF signaling to facilitate its actions through receptor transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Mitre
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Departments of Cell Biology, Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Khalil Saadipour
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kevin Williams
- Departments of Biology and Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Latika Khatri
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert C. Froemke
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Moses V. Chao
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Departments of Cell Biology, Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Moses V. Chao
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11
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Koshimizu H, Matsuoka H, Nakajima Y, Kawai A, Ono J, Ohta K, Miki T, Sunagawa M, Adachi N, Suzuki S. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor predominantly regulates the expression of synapse-related genes in the striatum: Insights from in vitro transcriptomics. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2021; 41:485-495. [PMID: 34529365 PMCID: PMC8698681 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The striatum, a main component of the basal ganglia, is a critical part of the motor and reward systems of the brain. It consists of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons and receives projections of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic neurons from other brain regions. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays multiple roles in the central nervous system, and striatal BDNF has been suggested to be involved in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the transcriptomic impact of BDNF on the striatum remains largely unknown. In the present study, we performed transcriptomic profiling of striatal cells stimulated with BDNF to identify enriched gene sets (GSs) and their novel target genes in vitro. Methods We carried out RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) of messenger RNA extracted from primary dissociated cultures of rat striatum stimulated with BDNF and conducted Generally Applicable Gene‐set Enrichment (GAGE) analysis on 10599 genes. Significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined by differential expression analysis for sequence count data 2 (DESeq2). Results GAGE analysis identified significantly enriched GSs that included GSs related to regulation and dysregulation of synaptic functions, such as synaptic vesicle cycle and addiction to nicotine and morphine, respectively. It also detected GSs related to various types of synapses, including not only GABAergic and cholinergic synapses but also dopaminergic and glutamatergic synapses. DESeq2 revealed 72 significant DEGs, among which the highest significance was observed in the apolipoprotein L domain containing 1 (Apold1). Conclusions The present study indicates that BDNF predominantly regulates the expression of synaptic‐function‐related genes and that BDNF promotes synaptogenesis in various subtypes of neurons in the developing striatum. Apold1 may represent a unique target gene of BDNF in the striatum. In the present study, we performed transcriptomic profiling of striatal cells stimulated with BDNF to identify enriched gene sets (GSs) in vitro. Generally Applicable Gene‐set Enrichment (GAGE) analysis followed by differential expression analysis for sequence count data 2 (DESeq2) suggested that BDNF predominantly regulates the expression of synaptic‐function‐related genes and that BDNF promotes synaptogenesis in various subtypes of neurons in the developing striatum.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisatsugu Koshimizu
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Hidetada Matsuoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical ScienceYokohama University of PharmacyYokohamaJapan
- School of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakajima
- Health Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TakamatsuJapan
| | - Anna Kawai
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyFaculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
| | - Junichiro Ono
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyFaculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
| | - Ken‐ichi Ohta
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyFaculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
| | - Takanori Miki
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyFaculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
| | - Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of PhysiologyShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Adachi
- Department of PhysiologyShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Mental Disorder ResearchNational Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP)TokyoJapan
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Health Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TakamatsuJapan
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyFaculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
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12
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Zainullina LF, Vakhitova YV, Lusta AY, Gudasheva TA, Seredenin SB. Dimeric mimetic of BDNF loop 4 promotes survival of serum-deprived cell through TrkB-dependent apoptosis suppression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7781. [PMID: 33833366 PMCID: PMC8032782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the regulation of neuronal cell growth, differentiation, neuroprotection and synaptic plasticity. Although aberrant BDNF/TrkB signaling is implicated in several neurological, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, neurotrophin-based therapy is challenging and is limited by improper pharmacokinetic properties of BDNF. Dimeric dipeptide compound GSB-106 (bis-(N-monosuccinyl-L-seryl-L-lysine) hexamethylenediamide) has earlier been designed to mimic the TrkB-interaction 4 loop of BDNF. It displayed protective effect in various cell-damaging models in vitro. Animal studies uncovered antidepressive and neuroprotective properties upon GSB-106 per os administration. Current study shows that GSB-106 acts similarly to BDNF, promoting survival of serum-deprived neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells. 100 nmol concentration of GSB-106 provided maximum neurotrophic effect, which corresponds to about 37% of the maximum effect provided by BDNF. Protective properties of GSB-106 arise from its ability to counteract cell apoptosis via activation of TrkB-dependent pro-survival mechanisms, including inactivation of pro-apoptotic BAD protein and suppression of caspases 9 and 3/7. Thus, our study has characterized neurotrophic activity of small dimeric compound GSB-106, which mimics certain biological functions of BDNF and neurotrophin-specific protective mechanisms. GSB-106 also displays similarities to some known low weight peptide and non-peptide TrkB ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Zainullina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", 125315, Baltiyskaya str. 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu V Vakhitova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", 125315, Baltiyskaya str. 8, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A Yu Lusta
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", 125315, Baltiyskaya str. 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Gudasheva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", 125315, Baltiyskaya str. 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - S B Seredenin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", 125315, Baltiyskaya str. 8, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Ferrini F, Salio C, Boggio EM, Merighi A. Interplay of BDNF and GDNF in the Mature Spinal Somatosensory System and Its Potential Therapeutic Relevance. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:1225-1245. [PMID: 33200712 PMCID: PMC8719296 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666201116143422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth factors BDNF and GDNF are gaining more and more attention as modulators of synaptic transmission in the mature central nervous system (CNS). The two molecules undergo a regulated secretion in neurons and may be anterogradely transported to terminals where they can positively or negatively modulate fast synaptic transmission. There is today a wide consensus on the role of BDNF as a pro-nociceptive modulator, as the neurotrophin has an important part in the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory, chronic, and/or neuropathic pain at the peripheral and central level. At the spinal level, BDNF intervenes in the regulation of chloride equilibrium potential, decreases the excitatory synaptic drive to inhibitory neurons, with complex changes in GABAergic/glycinergic synaptic transmission, and increases excitatory transmission in the superficial dorsal horn. Differently from BDNF, the role of GDNF still remains to be unraveled in full. This review resumes the current literature on the interplay between BDNF and GDNF in the regulation of nociceptive neurotransmission in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We will first discuss the circuitries involved in such a regulation, as well as the reciprocal interactions between the two factors in nociceptive pathways. The development of small molecules specifically targeting BDNF, GDNF and/or downstream effectors is opening new perspectives for investigating these neurotrophic factors as modulators of nociceptive transmission and chronic pain. Therefore, we will finally consider the molecules of (potential) pharmacological relevance for tackling normal and pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Chiara Salio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elena M. Boggio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Adalberto Merighi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
- National Institute of Neuroscience, Grugliasco, Italy
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14
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Miguel PM, Deniz BF, Confortim HD, de Almeida W, Bronauth LP, Vieira MC, Bertoldi K, Siqueira IR, Silveira PP, Pereira LO. Methylphenidate treatment increases hippocampal BDNF levels but does not improve memory deficits in hypoxic-ischemic rats. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:750-758. [PMID: 32255391 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120913153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylphenidate (MPH) is a stimulant drug mainly prescribed to treat cognitive impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We demonstrated that neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) induced attentional deficits in rats and MPH administration reversed these deficits. However, MPH effects on memory deficits after the HI procedure have not been evaluated yet. AIMS We aimed to analyze learning and memory performance of young hypoxic-ischemic rats after MPH administration and associate their performance with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=11-13/group): control saline (CTS), control MPH (CTMPH), HI saline (HIS) and HIMPH. The HI procedure was conducted at post-natal day (PND) 7 and memory tasks between PND 30 and 45. MPH administration (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) occurred 30 min prior to each behavioral session and daily, for 15 days, for the BDNF assay (n=5-7/group). RESULTS As expected, hypoxic-ischemic animals demonstrated learning and memory deficits in the novel-object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. However, MPH treatment did not improve learning and memory deficits of these animals in the MWM-and even disrupted the animals' performance in the NOR task. Increased BDNF levels were found in the hippocampus of HIMPH animals, which seem to have been insufficient to improve memory deficits observed in this group. CONCLUSIONS The MPH treatment was not able to improve memory deficits resulting from the HI procedure considering a dose of 2.5 mg/kg. Further studies investigating different MPH doses would be necessary to determine a dose-response relationship in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Maidana Miguel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ferrary Deniz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Deola Confortim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Wellington de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Loise Peres Bronauth
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Milene Cardoso Vieira
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karine Bertoldi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ionara Rodrigues Siqueira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology at McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lenir Orlandi Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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15
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Regulation of TrkB cell surface expression-a mechanism for modulation of neuronal responsiveness to brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:5-14. [PMID: 32556728 PMCID: PMC7529634 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophin signaling via receptor tyrosine kinases is essential for the development and function of the nervous system in vertebrates. TrkB activation and signaling show substantial differences to other receptor tyrosine kinases of the Trk family that mediate the responses to nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3. Growing evidence suggests that TrkB cell surface expression is highly regulated and determines the sensitivity of neurons to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This translocation of TrkB depends on co-factors and modulators of cAMP levels, N-glycosylation, and receptor transactivation. This process can occur in very short time periods and the resulting rapid modulation of target cell sensitivity to BDNF could represent a mechanism for fine-tuning of synaptic plasticity and communication in complex neuronal networks. This review focuses on those modulatory mechanisms in neurons that regulate responsiveness to BDNF via control of TrkB surface expression.
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16
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Abstract
Dendritic spines are tiny membrane specialization forming the postsynaptic part of most excitatory synapses. They have been suggested to play a crucial role in regulating synaptic transmission during development and in adult learning processes. Changes in their number, size, and shape are correlated with processes of structural synaptic plasticity and learning and memory and also with neurodegenerative diseases, when spines are lost. Thus, their alterations can correlate with neuronal homeostasis, but also with dysfunction in several neurological disorders characterized by cognitive impairment. Therefore, it is important to understand how different stages in the life of a dendritic spine, including formation, maturation, and plasticity, are strictly regulated. In this context, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), belonging to the NGF-neurotrophin family, is among the most intensively investigated molecule. This review would like to report the current knowledge regarding the role of BDNF in regulating dendritic spine number, structure, and plasticity concentrating especially on its signaling via its two often functionally antagonistic receptors, TrkB and p75NTR. In addition, we point out a series of open points in which, while the role of BDNF signaling is extremely likely conclusive, evidence is still missing.
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17
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Morella I, Hallum H, Brambilla R. Dopamine D1 and Glutamate Receptors Co-operate With Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and TrkB to Modulate ERK Signaling in Adult Striatal Slices. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:564106. [PMID: 33304241 PMCID: PMC7701236 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.564106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the striatum, the input nucleus of the basal ganglia, the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, necessary for various forms of behavioral plasticity, is triggered by the combined engagement of dopamine D1 and ionotropic glutamate receptors. In this study, we investigated the potential crosstalk between glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-TrkB inputs to ERK cascade by using an ex vivo model of mouse striatal slices. Our results confirmed that the concomitant stimulation of D1 and glutamate receptors is necessary to activate ERK in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Moreover, we found that ERK activation is significantly enhanced when BDNF is co-applied either with glutamate or the D1 agonist SKF38393, supporting the idea of possible integration between BDNF, glutamate, and D1R-mediated signaling. Interestingly, ERK activation via BDNF-TrkB is upregulated upon blockade of either AMPAR/NMDAR or D1 receptors, suggesting a negative regulatory action of these two neurotransmitter systems on BDNF-mediated signaling. However, the observed enhancement of ERK1/2 phosphorylation does not result in corresponding downstream signaling changes at the nuclear level. Conversely, the TrkB antagonist cyclotraxin B partially prevents glutamate- and D1-mediated ERK activation. Altogether, these results suggest a complex and unexpected interaction among dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and BDNF receptor systems to modulate the ERK pathway in striatal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Morella
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet Hallum
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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18
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Pradhan J, Noakes PG, Bellingham MC. The Role of Altered BDNF/TrkB Signaling in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:368. [PMID: 31456666 PMCID: PMC6700252 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is well recognized for its neuroprotective functions, via activation of its high affinity receptor, tropomysin related kinase B (TrkB). In addition, BDNF/TrkB neuroprotective functions can also be elicited indirectly via activation of adenosine 2A receptors (A2aRs), which in turn transactivates TrkB. Evidence suggests that alterations in BDNF/TrkB, including TrkB transactivation by A2aRs, can occur in several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although enhancing BDNF has been a major goal for protection of dying motor neurons (MNs), this has not been successful. Indeed, there is emerging in vitro and in vivo evidence suggesting that an upregulation of BDNF/TrkB can cause detrimental effects on MNs, making them more vulnerable to pathophysiological insults. For example, in ALS, early synaptic hyper-excitability of MNs is thought to enhance BDNF-mediated signaling, thereby causing glutamate excitotoxicity, and ultimately MN death. Moreover, direct inhibition of TrkB and A2aRs has been shown to protect MNs from these pathophysiological insults, suggesting that modulation of BDNF/TrkB and/or A2aRs receptors may be important in early disease pathogenesis in ALS. This review highlights the relevance of pathophysiological actions of BDNF/TrkB under certain circumstances, so that manipulation of BDNF/TrkB and A2aRs may give rise to alternate neuroprotective therapeutic strategies in the treatment of neural diseases such as ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonu Pradhan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter G Noakes
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark C Bellingham
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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19
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Hu L, Li D, Ge C, Liao H, Wang Y, Xu H. Natural Killer Cells may Exert Antidepressant-like Effects in Mice by Controlling the Release of Inflammatory Factors. Neuroscience 2019; 401:59-72. [PMID: 30641114 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Depression or stress is reportedly related to the overflow of inflammatory factors in the body and T cells were reported to play important roles in balancing the release of inflammatory factors through vagus nerve circuit. However, few works have been conducted to find if natural killer (NK) cells can also exert the similar function in the reported vagus nerve circuit as T cells and if there was any relationship between depression and this function. In the present study, the behavioral tests on BALB/c mice indicated that the depressant-like symptoms could be improved and simultaneously the concentrations of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood could be reduced significantly by adoptively transferring NK cells into stressed BALB/c mice. The results revealed that NK cells could control the release of inflammatory factors secreted by macrophages and β2-AR (β2-adrenergic receptor) on the NK cells were of great importance. Behavioral tests on NCG mice indicated that the antidepressant-like effects of NK cells notably declined after adoptively transferring NK cells with β2-AR deficiency or with ChAT (choline acetyltransferase) deficiency into stressed NCG mice. Simultaneously, the anti-inflammatory effects also declined significantly both in vivo and in vitro, which indicated that the antidepressant-like property of NK cells may be related to its ability of controlling the release of inflammatory factors. Taken together, we find that NK cells may balance the release of inflammatory factors in our body by transporting the information between the terminal vagal branches and macrophages, which is the mechanism that NK cells may exert antidepressant-like effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Hu
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Dongping Li
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Chuang Ge
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China; State Key Laboratory of National Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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20
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Vecchio LM, Meng Y, Xhima K, Lipsman N, Hamani C, Aubert I. The Neuroprotective Effects of Exercise: Maintaining a Healthy Brain Throughout Aging. Brain Plast 2018; 4:17-52. [PMID: 30564545 PMCID: PMC6296262 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-180069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity plays an essential role in maintaining a healthy body, yet it also provides unique benefits for the vascular and cellular systems that sustain a healthy brain. While the benefit of exercise has been observed in humans of all ages, the availability of preclinical models has permitted systematic investigations into the mechanisms by which exercise supports and protects the brain. Over the past twenty-five years, rodent models have shown that increased physical activity elevates neurotrophic factors in the hippocampal and cortical areas, facilitating neurotransmission throughout the brain. Increased physical activity (such as by the voluntary use of a running wheel or regular, timed sessions on a treadmill) also promotes proliferation, maturation and survival of cells in the dentate gyrus, contributing to the process of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In this way, rodent studies have tremendous value as they demonstrate that an 'active lifestyle' has the capacity to ameliorate a number of age-related changes in the brain, including the decline in adult neurogenesis. Moreover, these studies have shown that greater physical activity may protect the brain health into advanced age through a number of complimentary mechanisms: in addition to upregulating factors in pro-survival neurotrophic pathways and enhancing synaptic plasticity, increased physical activity promotes brain health by supporting the cerebrovasculature, sustaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, increasing glymphatic clearance and proteolytic degradation of amyloid beta species, and regulating microglia activation. Collectively, preclinical studies demonstrate that exercise initiates diverse and powerful neuroprotective pathways that may converge to promote continued brain health into old age. This review will draw on both seminal and current literature that highlights mechanisms by which exercise supports the functioning of the brain, and aids in its protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Vecchio
- Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ying Meng
- Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristiana Xhima
- Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Physical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, ON, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Aubert
- Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Naderi M, Ferrari MCO, Chivers DP, Niyogi S. Maternal Exposure to Dietary Selenium Causes Dopaminergic Hyperfunction and Cognitive Impairment in Zebrafish Offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13574-13583. [PMID: 30335985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to environmental contaminants is a predisposing factor for neurodevelopmental disorders with associated cognitive and social deficits in offspring. In this study, we investigated the effects of maternal exposure to selenium (Se), a contaminant of potential environmental concern in aquatic ecosystems, on cognitive performance and the underlying mechanisms in F1-generation adult zebrafish. Adult female zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations of dietary Se (3.5, 11.1, or 27.4 μg Se/g dry weight) for a period of 60 days. Fish were subsequently bred, and their offspring were collected and raised for 6 months on a normal diet. Maternal exposure to all concentrations of dietary Se induced learning impairment in F1-zebrafish tested in a latent learning task. The results also showed a hyperfunctioning dopaminergic system in fish exhibiting the learning deficit. The hyperfunction of the dopaminergic system was associated with enhanced oxidative stress and alterations in the mRNA abundance of several immediate early and late response genes in the zebrafish brain. Taken together, these results suggest that maternal exposure to dietary Se via alterations in the dopaminergic system leads to persistent neurobehavioral deficits in F1-generation adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naderi
- Department of Biology , University of Saskatchewan , 112 Science Place , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Maud C O Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , 52 Campus Drive , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5B4 , Canada
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology , University of Saskatchewan , 112 Science Place , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology , University of Saskatchewan , 112 Science Place , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5E2 , Canada
- Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5B3 , Canada
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22
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Gower A, Tiberi M. The Intersection of Central Dopamine System and Stroke: Potential Avenues Aiming at Enhancement of Motor Recovery. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018; 10:18. [PMID: 30034335 PMCID: PMC6043669 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine, a major neurotransmitter, plays a role in a wide range of brain sensorimotor functions. Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia are two major human neuropsychiatric disorders typically associated with dysfunctional dopamine activity levels, which can be alleviated through the druggability of the dopaminergic systems. Meanwhile, several studies suggest that optimal brain dopamine activity levels are also significantly impacted in other serious neurological conditions, notably stroke, but this has yet to be fully appreciated at both basic and clinical research levels. This is of utmost importance as there is a need for better treatments to improve recovery from stroke. Here, we discuss the state of knowledge regarding the modulation of dopaminergic systems following stroke, and the use of dopamine boosting therapies in animal stroke models to improve stroke recovery. Indeed, studies in animals and humans show stroke leads to changes in dopamine functioning. Moreover, evidence from animal stroke models suggests stimulation of dopamine receptors may be a promising therapeutic approach for enhancing motor recovery from stroke. With respect to the latter, we discuss the evidence for several possible receptor-linked mechanisms by which improved motor recovery may be mediated. One avenue of particular promise is the subtype-selective stimulation of dopamine receptors in conjunction with physical therapy. However, results from clinical trials so far have been more mixed due to a number of potential reasons including, targeting of the wrong patient populations and use of drugs which modulate a wide array of receptors. Notwithstanding these issues, it is hoped that future research endeavors will assist in the development of more refined dopaminergic therapeutic approaches to enhance stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Gower
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience Program), Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mario Tiberi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience Program), Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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23
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Ishii T, Warabi E, Mann GE. Circadian control of p75 neurotrophin receptor leads to alternate activation of Nrf2 and c-Rel to reset energy metabolism in astrocytes via brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:34-44. [PMID: 29374533 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clock genes regulate energy metabolism partly through neurotrophins in the body. The low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75NTR is a clock component directly regulated by the transcriptional factor Clock:Bmal1 complex. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is expressed in the brain and plays a key role in coordinating metabolic interactions between neurons and astrocytes. BDNF transduces signals through TrkB and p75NTR receptors. This review highlights a novel molecular mechanism by which BDNF via circadian control of p75NTR leads to daily resetting of glucose and glycogen metabolism in brain astrocytes to accommodate their functional interaction with neurons. Astrocytes store glycogen as an energy reservoir to provide active neurons with the glycolytic metabolite lactate. Astrocytes predominantly express the truncated receptor TrkB.T1 which lacks an intracellular receptor tyrosine kinase domain. TrkB.T1 retains the capacity to regulate cell morphology through regulation of Rho GTPases. In contrast, p75NTR mediates generation of the bioactive lipid ceramide upon stimulation with BDNF and inhibits PKA activation. As ceramide directly activates PKCζ, we discuss the importance of the TrkB.T1-p75NTR-ceramide-PKCζ signaling axis in the stimulation of glycogen and lipid synthesis and activation of RhoA. Ceramide-PKCζ-casein kinase 2 signaling activates Nrf2 to support oxidative phosphorylation via upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. In the absence of p75NTR, TrkB.T1 functionally interacts with adenosine A2AR and dopamine D1R receptors to enhance cAMP-PKA signaling and activate Rac1 and NF-κB c-Rel, favoring glycogen hydrolysis, gluconeogenesis and aerobic glycolysis. Thus, diurnal changes in p75NTR levels in astrocytes resets energy metabolism via BDNF to accommodate their metabolic interaction with neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishii
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0863, Japan.
| | - Eiji Warabi
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0863, Japan
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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24
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Wang Y, Jiang H, Meng H, Lu J, Li J, Zhang X, Yang X, Zhao B, Sun Y, Bao T. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of hippocampus in rats indicated that TLR/NLR signaling pathway was involved in the pathogenisis of depressive disorder induced by chronic restraint stress. Brain Res Bull 2017; 134:195-204. [PMID: 28780410 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Data from clinical investigations and laboratory fundings have provided preliminary evidence for the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture therapy in depression. However, the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant response of acupuncture are not fully elucidated. To elucidate the potential effects of acupuncture for depression on the hippocampal genome-wide transcriptome at the molecular level, we evaluated the transcriptomic profile of depression rats under treatment of acupuncture, and fluoxetine. We identified a very significant effect of acupucture intervention, with 107 genes differentially expressed in acupuncture vs. model group; while 41 genes between fluoxetine vs. model group. Notably, the 54 differentially expressed genes between acupuncture and fluoxetine showed the significantly different effect between acupuncture and fluoxetine. Through GO (gene ontology) functional term and KEGG (kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway analysis, we identified that the upregulation of gene sets were related to inflammatory response, innate immunity and immune response. We found that toll-like receptor signalling pathway and NOD like receptor signalling pathway were associated with the function of inflammatory response, innate immunity and immune response. Importantly, acupuncture reversed the upregulation of gene sets that were related to inflammatory response, innate immunity and immune response (including toll-like receptor signalling pathway and NOD like receptor signalling pathway), which might be critical for the pathogenesis of depression and provide evidence for the antidepressive effects of acupuncture by regulating inflammatory response, innate immunity and immune response via toll-like receptor signalling pathway and NOD like receptor signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huili Jiang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinjing Yang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bingcong Zhao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tuya Bao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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25
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Mechanisms Underlying the Antidepressant Response of Acupuncture via PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:4135164. [PMID: 28523193 PMCID: PMC5412208 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4135164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein signaling pathway, contributing to impaired neurogenesis parallel to depressive-like behaviors, has been identified as the crucial factor involved in the antidepressant response of acupuncture. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with antidepressant response of acupuncture, neurogenesis, and depressive-like behaviors ameliorating remain unexplored. The objective was to identify the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant response of acupuncture through PKA signaling pathway in depression rats by employing the PKA signaling pathway inhibitor H89 in in vivo experiments. Our results indicated that the expression of hippocampal PKA-α and p-CREB was significantly downregulated by chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) procedures. Importantly, acupuncture reversed the downregulation of PKA-α and p-CREB. The expression of PKA-α was upregulated by fluoxetine, but not p-CREB. No significant difference was found between Acu and FLX groups on the expression of PKA-α and p-CREB. Interestingly, H89 inhibited the effects of acupuncture or fluoxetine on upregulating the expression of p-CREB, but not PKA-α. There was no significant difference in expression of CREB among the groups. Conclusively, our findings further support the hypothesis that acupuncture could ameliorate depressive-like behaviors by regulating PKA/CREB signaling pathway, which might be mainly mediated by regulating the phosphorylation level of CREB.
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26
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Sasi M, Vignoli B, Canossa M, Blum R. Neurobiology of local and intercellular BDNF signaling. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:593-610. [PMID: 28280960 PMCID: PMC5438432 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family of secreted proteins. Signaling cascades induced by BDNF and its receptor, the receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB, link neuronal growth and differentiation with synaptic plasticity. For this reason, interference with BDNF signaling has emerged as a promising strategy for potential treatments in psychiatric and neurological disorders. In many brain circuits, synaptically released BDNF is essential for structural and functional long-term potentiation, two prototypical cellular models of learning and memory formation. Recent studies have revealed an unexpected complexity in the synaptic communication of mature BDNF and its precursor proBDNF, not only between local pre- and postsynaptic neuronal targets but also with participation of glial cells. Here, we consider recent findings on local actions of the BDNF family of ligands at the synapse and discuss converging lines of evidence which emerge from per se conflicting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Sasi
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice Vignoli
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Povo, TN, Italy
| | - Marco Canossa
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Povo, TN, Italy.,European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) "Rita Levi-Montalcini", 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Blum
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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27
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Mitre M, Mariga A, Chao MV. Neurotrophin signalling: novel insights into mechanisms and pathophysiology. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:13-23. [PMID: 27908981 PMCID: PMC5295469 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are prominent regulators of neuronal survival, growth and differentiation during development. While trophic factors are viewed as well-understood but not innovative molecules, there are many lines of evidence indicating that BDNF plays an important role in the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative disorders, depression, anxiety and other psychiatric disorders. In particular, lower levels of BDNF are associated with the aetiology of Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases. A major challenge is to explain how neurotrophins are able to induce plasticity, improve learning and memory and prevent age-dependent cognitive decline through receptor signalling. This article will review the mechanism of action of neurotrophins and how BDNF/tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor signaling can dictate trophic responses and change brain plasticity through activity-dependent stimulation. Alternative approaches for modulating BDNF/TrkB signalling to deliver relevant clinical outcomes in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Mitre
- Neuroscience and Physiology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A.
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Abigail Mariga
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
- Departments of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
| | - Moses V Chao
- Neuroscience and Physiology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
- Departments of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A
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28
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Mariga A, Mitre M, Chao MV. Consequences of brain-derived neurotrophic factor withdrawal in CNS neurons and implications in disease. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 97:73-79. [PMID: 27015693 PMCID: PMC5295364 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factor withdrawal has been studied across different species and has been shown to have dramatic consequences on cell survival. In the nervous system, withdrawal of nerve growth factor (NGF) from sympathetic and sensory neurons results in substantial neuronal cell death, signifying a requirement for NGF for the survival of neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In contrast to the PNS, withdrawal of central nervous system (CNS) enriched brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has little effect on cell survival but is indispensible for synaptic plasticity. Given that most early events in neuropsychiatric disorders are marked by a loss of synapses, lack of BDNF may thus be an important part of a cascade of events that leads to neuronal degeneration. Here we review reports on the effects of BDNF withdrawal on CNS neurons and discuss the relevance of the loss in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Mariga
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, United States; Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Mariela Mitre
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, United States; Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Moses V Chao
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, United States; Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, United States
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29
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Abstract
The variety of physiological functions controlled by dopamine in the brain and periphery is mediated by the D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 dopamine GPCRs. Drugs acting on dopamine receptors are significant tools for the management of several neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and Parkinson's disease. Recent investigations of dopamine receptor signalling have shown that dopamine receptors, apart from their canonical action on cAMP-mediated signalling, can regulate a myriad of cellular responses to fine-tune the expression of dopamine-associated behaviours and functions. Such signalling mechanisms may involve alternate G protein coupling or non-G protein mechanisms involving ion channels, receptor tyrosine kinases or proteins such as β-arrestins that are classically involved in GPCR desensitization. Another level of complexity is the growing appreciation of the physiological roles played by dopamine receptor heteromers. Applications of new in vivo techniques have significantly furthered the understanding of the physiological functions played by dopamine receptors. Here we provide an update of the current knowledge regarding the complex biology, signalling, physiology and pharmacology of dopamine receptors.
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30
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Collo G, Cavalleri L, Spano P. Structural plasticity in mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons produced by drugs of abuse: critical role of BDNF and dopamine. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:259. [PMID: 25505416 PMCID: PMC4243500 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons were suggested to be a critical physiopathology substrate for addiction disorders. Among neuroadaptive processes to addictive drugs, structural plasticity has attracted attention. While structural plasticity occurs at both pre- and post-synaptic levels in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, the present review focuses only on dopaminergic neurons. Exposures to addictive drugs determine two opposite structural responses, hypothrophic plasticity produced by opioids and cannabinoids (in particular during the early withdrawal phase) and hypertrophic plasticity, mostly driven by psychostimulants and nicotine. In vitro and in vivo studies identified BDNF and extracellular dopamine as two critical factors in determining structural plasticity, the two molecules sharing similar intracellular pathways involved in cell soma and dendrite growth, the MEK-ERK1/2 and the PI3K-Akt-mTOR, via preferential activation of TrkB and dopamine D3 receptors, respectively. At present information regarding specific structural changes associated to the various stages of the addiction cycle is incomplete. Encouraging neuroimaging data in humans indirectly support the preclinical evidence of hypotrophic and hypertrophic effects, suggesting a possible differential engagement of dopamine neurons in parallel and partially converging circuits controlling motivation, stress, and emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginetta Collo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Cavalleri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Brescia, Italy
| | - PierFranco Spano
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Brescia, Italy
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31
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Samarajeewa A, Goldemann L, Vasefi MS, Ahmed N, Gondora N, Khanderia C, Mielke JG, Beazely MA. 5-HT7 receptor activation promotes an increase in TrkB receptor expression and phosphorylation. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:391. [PMID: 25426041 PMCID: PMC4224134 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin (5-HT) type 7 receptor is expressed throughout the CNS including the cortex and hippocampus. We have previously demonstrated that the application of 5-HT7 receptor agonists to primary hippocampal neurons and SH-SY5Y cells increases platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor expression and promotes neuroprotection against N-methyl-D-aspartate-(NMDA)-induced toxicity. The tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor is one of the receptors for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and is associated with neurodevelopmental and neuroprotective effects. Application of LP 12 to primary cerebral cortical cultures, SH-SY5Y cells, as well as the retinal ganglion cell line, RGC-5, increased both the expression of full length TrkB as well as its basal phosphorylation state at tyrosine 816. The increase in TrkB expression and phosphorylation was observed as early as 30 min after 5-HT7 receptor activation. In addition to full-length TrkB, kinase domain-deficient forms may be expressed and act as dominant-negative proteins toward the full length receptor. We have identified distinct patterns of TrkB isoform expression across our cell lines and cortical cultures. Although TrkB receptor expression is regulated by cyclic AMP and Gαs-coupled GPCRs in several systems, we demonstrate that, depending on the model system, pathways downstream of both Gαs and Gα12 are involved in the regulation of TrkB expression by 5-HT7 receptors. Given the number of psychiatric and degenerative diseases associated with TrkB/BDNF deficiency and the current interest in developing 5-HT7 receptor ligands as pharmaceuticals, identifying signaling relationships between these two receptors will aid in our understanding of the potential therapeutic effects of 5-HT7 receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maryam S Vasefi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo Kitchener, ON, Canada
| | - Nawaz Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo Kitchener, ON, Canada
| | - Nyasha Gondora
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo Kitchener, ON, Canada
| | | | - John G Mielke
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON, Canada
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32
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Qiu H, Lee S, Shang Y, Wang WY, Au KF, Kamiya S, Barmada SJ, Finkbeiner S, Lui H, Carlton CE, Tang AA, Oldham MC, Wang H, Shorter J, Filiano AJ, Roberson ED, Tourtellotte WG, Chen B, Tsai LH, Huang EJ. ALS-associated mutation FUS-R521C causes DNA damage and RNA splicing defects. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:981-99. [PMID: 24509083 DOI: 10.1172/jci72723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant mutations of the RNA/DNA binding protein FUS are linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS); however, it is not clear how FUS mutations cause neurodegeneration. Using transgenic mice expressing a common FALS-associated FUS mutation (FUS-R521C mice), we found that mutant FUS proteins formed a stable complex with WT FUS proteins and interfered with the normal interactions between FUS and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). Consequently, FUS-R521C mice exhibited evidence of DNA damage as well as profound dendritic and synaptic phenotypes in brain and spinal cord. To provide insights into these defects, we screened neural genes for nucleotide oxidation and identified brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) as a target of FUS-R521C-associated DNA damage and RNA splicing defects in mice. Compared with WT FUS, mutant FUS-R521C proteins formed a more stable complex with Bdnf RNA in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Stabilization of the FUS/Bdnf RNA complex contributed to Bdnf splicing defects and impaired BDNF signaling through receptor TrkB. Exogenous BDNF only partially restored dendrite phenotype in FUS-R521C neurons, suggesting that BDNF-independent mechanisms may contribute to the defects in these neurons. Indeed, RNA-seq analyses of FUS-R521C spinal cords revealed additional transcription and splicing defects in genes that regulate dendritic growth and synaptic functions. Together, our results provide insight into how gain-of-function FUS mutations affect critical neuronal functions.
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Money KM, Stanwood GD. Developmental origins of brain disorders: roles for dopamine. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:260. [PMID: 24391541 PMCID: PMC3867667 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, such as dopamine, participate in a wide range of behavioral and cognitive functions in the adult brain, including movement, cognition, and reward. Dopamine-mediated signaling plays a fundamental neurodevelopmental role in forebrain differentiation and circuit formation. These developmental effects, such as modulation of neuronal migration and dendritic growth, occur before synaptogenesis and demonstrate novel roles for dopaminergic signaling beyond neuromodulation at the synapse. Pharmacologic and genetic disruptions demonstrate that these effects are brain region- and receptor subtype-specific. For example, the striatum and frontal cortex exhibit abnormal neuronal structure and function following prenatal disruption of dopamine receptor signaling. Alterations in these processes are implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, and emerging studies of neurodevelopmental disruptions may shed light on the pathophysiology of abnormal neuronal circuitry in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli M Money
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA ; Vanderbilt Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gregg D Stanwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA ; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA
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Ambjørn M, Dubreuil V, Miozzo F, Nigon F, Møller B, Issazadeh-Navikas S, Berg J, Lees M, Sap J. A loss-of-function screen for phosphatases that regulate neurite outgrowth identifies PTPN12 as a negative regulator of TrkB tyrosine phosphorylation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65371. [PMID: 23785422 PMCID: PMC3681791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in function of the neurotrophin BDNF are associated with neurodegeneration, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disorders. BDNF promotes axonal outgrowth and branching, regulates dendritic tree morphology and is important for axonal regeneration after injury, responses that largely result from activation of its tyrosine kinase receptor TrkB. Although intracellular neurotrophin (NT) signaling presumably reflects the combined action of kinases and phosphatases, little is known about the contributions of the latter to TrkB regulation. The issue is complicated by the fact that phosphatases belong to multiple independently evolved families, which are rarely studied together. We undertook a loss-of-function RNA-interference-based screen of virtually all known (254) human phosphatases to understand their function in BDNF/TrkB-mediated neurite outgrowth in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. This approach identified phosphatases from diverse families, which either positively or negatively modulate BDNF-TrkB-mediated neurite outgrowth, and most of which have little or no previously established function related to NT signaling. “Classical” protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) accounted for 13% of the candidate regulatory phosphatases. The top classical PTP identified as a negative regulator of BDNF-TrkB-mediated neurite outgrowth was PTPN12 (also called PTP-PEST). Validation and follow-up studies showed that endogenous PTPN12 antagonizes tyrosine phosphorylation of TrkB itself, and the downstream activation of ERK1/2. We also found PTPN12 to negatively regulate phosphorylation of p130cas and FAK, proteins with previously described functions related to cell motility and growth cone behavior. Our data provide the first comprehensive survey of phosphatase function in NT signaling and neurite outgrowth. They reveal the complexity of phosphatase control, with several evolutionarily unrelated phosphatase families cooperating to affect this biological response, and hence the relevance of considering all phosphatase families when mining for potentially druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Ambjørn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Véronique Dubreuil
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, University of Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Federico Miozzo
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, University of Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Nigon
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, University of Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bente Møller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Berg
- Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Michael Lees
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Sap
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, University of Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Jeanneteau F, Chao MV. Are BDNF and glucocorticoid activities calibrated? Neuroscience 2013; 239:173-95. [PMID: 23022538 PMCID: PMC3581703 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
One hypothesis to account for the onset and severity of neurological disorders is the loss of trophic support. Indeed, changes in the levels and activities of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) occur in numerous neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. A deficit promotes vulnerability whereas a gain of function facilitates recovery by enhancing survival, synapse formation and synaptic plasticity. Implementation of 'BDNF therapies', however, faces numerous methodological and pharmacokinetic issues. Identifying BDNF mimetics that activate the BDNF receptor or downstream targets of BDNF signaling represent an alternative approach. One mechanism that shows great promise is to study the interplay of BDNF and glucocorticoid hormones, a major class of natural steroid secreted during stress reactions and in synchrony with circadian rhythms. While small amounts of glucocorticoids support normal brain function, excess stimulation by these steroid hormones precipitates stress-related affective disorders. To date, however, because of the paucity of knowledge of underlying cellular mechanisms, deleterious effects of glucocorticoids are not prevented following extreme stress. In the present review, we will discuss the complementary roles shared by BDNF and glucocorticoids in synaptic plasticity, and delineate possible signaling mechanisms mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jeanneteau
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Puehringer D, Orel N, Lüningschrör P, Subramanian N, Herrmann T, Chao MV, Sendtner M. EGF transactivation of Trk receptors regulates the migration of newborn cortical neurons. Nat Neurosci 2013; 16:407-15. [PMID: 23416450 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of neuronal networks in the neocortex depends on control mechanisms for mitosis and migration that allow newborn neurons to find their accurate position. Multiple mitogens, neurotrophic factors, guidance molecules and their corresponding receptors are involved in this process, but the mechanisms by which these signals are integrated are only poorly understood. We found that TrkB and TrkC, the receptors for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), are activated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling rather than by BDNF or NT-3 in embryonic mouse cortical precursor cells. This transactivation event regulated migration of early neuronal cells to their final position in the developing cortex. Transactivation by EGF led to membrane translocation of TrkB, promoting its signaling responsiveness. Our results provide genetic evidence that TrkB and TrkC activation in early cortical neurons do not depend on BDNF and NT-3, but instead on transactivation by EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Puehringer
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Dunleavy M, Provenzano G, Henshall DC, Bozzi Y. Kainic acid-induced seizures modulate Akt (SER473) phosphorylation in the hippocampus of dopamine D2 receptor knockout mice. J Mol Neurosci 2012. [PMID: 23188702 PMCID: PMC3532719 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) signalling has been shown to modulate seizure-induced hippocampal cell death. D2R knockout (D2R−/−) mice are more susceptible to kainic acid (KA)-induced excitotoxicity, displaying cell death in the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus at KA doses not damaging in wild-type (WT) animals. Absence of D2R signalling in the hippocampus leads to activation (dephosphorylation) of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) after KA (20 mg/kg), which is not associated with a change in the phosphorylation of the GSK-3β regulator Akt at the canonical threonine 308 residue. In the present study, we investigated alternative pathways responsible for the activation of GSK-3β in the hippocampus of the D2R−/− mice 24 h following KA-induced seizures. Here, we show that phosphorylation of Akt occurs at serine 473 (Ser473) in the CA3 region of WT but not D2R−/− mice following KA. Moreover, the CA1 subregion, which does not undergo neurodegeneration in either WT or D2R−/− mice, displays a strong induction of Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation after KA. Additionally, the vulnerability in the CA3 is not associated with changes to p38MAPK and Dishevelled activation, and β-catenin does not appear to be a downstream target of the GSK-3β. Thus, we propose that GSK-3β phosphorylation-mediated hippocampal cell survival may depend on Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation; loss of D2R-mediated signalling in the CA3 region of D2R−/− mice leads to reduced Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation rendering neurons more vulnerable to apoptosis. Further investigation is required to fully elucidate the GSK-3β targets involved in D2R-dependent response to excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dunleavy
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, Mattarello, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Giovanni Provenzano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, Mattarello, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - David C. Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yuri Bozzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, Mattarello, 38123 Trento, Italy
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Mendieta L, Bautista E, Sánchez A, Guevara J, Herrando-Grabulosa M, Moran J, Martínez R, Aguilera J, Limón ID. The C-terminal domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin given by intramuscular injection causes neuroprotection and improves the motor behavior in rats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine. Neurosci Res 2012; 74:156-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Boulle F, Kenis G, Cazorla M, Hamon M, Steinbusch HWM, Lanfumey L, van den Hove DLA. TrkB inhibition as a therapeutic target for CNS-related disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 98:197-206. [PMID: 22705453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) with its tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) is involved in fundamental cellular processes including neuronal proliferation, differentiation and survival as well as neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. TrkB signaling has been widely associated with beneficial, trophic effects and many commonly used psychotropic drugs aim to increase BDNF levels in the brain. However, it is likely that a prolonged increased TrkB activation is observed in many pathological conditions, which may underlie the development and course of clinical symptoms. Interestingly, genetic and pharmacological studies aiming at decreasing TrkB activation in rodent models mimicking human pathology have demonstrated a promising therapeutic landscape for TrkB inhibitors in the treatment of various diseases, e.g. central nervous system (CNS) disorders and several types of cancer. Up to date, only a few selective and potent TrkB inhibitors have been developed. As such, the use of crystallography and in silico approaches to model BDNF-TrkB interaction and to generate relevant pharmacophores represent powerful tools to develop novel compounds targeting the TrkB receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Boulle
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, European Graduate School for Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Ehrlich ME. Huntington's disease and the striatal medium spiny neuron: cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms of disease. Neurotherapeutics 2012; 9:270-84. [PMID: 22441874 PMCID: PMC3337013 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-012-0112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the protein huntingtin on chromosome 4. The mutation is an expanded CAG repeat in the first exon, encoding a polyglutamine tract. If the polyglutamine tract is > 40, penetrance is 100% and death is inevitable. Despite the widespread expression of huntingtin, HD has long been considered primarily as a disease of the striatum. It is characterized by selective vulnerability with dysfunction followed by death of the medium size spiny neuron. Considerable effort is being expended to determine whether striatal damage is cell-autonomous, non-cell-autonomous, requiring cell-cell and region to region communication, or both. We review data supporting both mechanisms. We also attempt to organize the data into common mechanisms that may arise outside the medium, spiny neuron, but ultimately have their greatest impact in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Ehrlich
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Annenberg 14-44, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10019, USA.
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Neckameyer WS, Bhatt P. Neurotrophic actions of dopamine on the development of a serotonergic feeding circuit in Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:26. [PMID: 22413901 PMCID: PMC3364880 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, serotonin functions both as a neurotransmitter to regulate larval feeding, and in the development of the stomatogastric feeding circuit. There is an inverse relationship between neuronal serotonin levels during late embryogenesis and the complexity of the serotonergic fibers projecting from the larval brain to the foregut, which correlate with perturbations in feeding, the functional output of the circuit. Dopamine does not modulate larval feeding, and dopaminergic fibers do not innervate the larval foregut. Since dopamine can function in central nervous system development, separate from its role as a neurotransmitter, the role of neuronal dopamine was assessed on the development, and mature function, of the 5-HT larval feeding circuit. RESULTS Both decreased and increased neuronal dopamine levels in late embryogenesis during development of this circuit result in depressed levels of larval feeding. Perturbations in neuronal dopamine during this developmental period also result in greater branch complexity of the serotonergic fibers innervating the gut, as well as increased size and number of the serotonin-containing vesicles along the neurite length. This neurotrophic action for dopamine is modulated by the D2 dopamine receptor expressed during late embryogenesis in central 5-HT neurons. Animals carrying transgenic RNAi constructs to knock down both dopamine and serotonin synthesis in the central nervous system display normal feeding and fiber architecture. However, disparate levels of neuronal dopamine and serotonin during development of the circuit result in abnormal gut fiber architecture and feeding behavior. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that dopamine can exert a direct trophic influence on the development of a specific neural circuit, and that dopamine and serotonin may interact with each other to generate the neural architecture necessary for normal function of the circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi S Neckameyer
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
| | - Parag Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
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Sillivan SE, Konradi C. Expression and function of dopamine receptors in the developing medial frontal cortex and striatum of the rat. Neuroscience 2011; 199:501-14. [PMID: 22015925 PMCID: PMC3253459 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The timeline of dopamine (DA) system maturation and the signaling properties of DA receptors (DRs) during rat brain development are not fully characterized. We used in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR to map DR mRNA transcripts in the medial frontal cortex (mFC) and striatum (STR) of the rat from embryonic day (E) 15 to E21. The developmental trajectory of DR mRNAs revealed distinct patterns of DA receptors 1 and 2 (DRD1, DRD2) in these brain regions. Whereas the mFC had a steeper increase in DRD1 mRNA, the STR had a steeper increase in DRD2 mRNA. Both DR mRNAs were expressed at a higher level in the STR compared with the mFC. To identify the functional properties of DRs during embryonic development, the phosphorylation states of cyclic AMP response element binding protein, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta were examined after DR stimulation in primary neuronal cultures obtained from E15 and E18 embryos and cultured for 3 days to ensure a stable baseline level. DR-mediated signaling cascades were functional in E15 cultures in both brain regions. Because DA fibers do not reach the mFC by E15, and DA was not present in cultures, these data indicate that DRs can become functional in the absence of DA innervation. Because activation of DR signal transduction pathways can affect network organization of the developing brain, maternal exposure to drugs that affect DR activity may be liable to interfere with fetal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E. Sillivan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Christine Konradi
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
- Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
- Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, USA
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Abstract
Prenatal cocaine exposure impairs brain development and produces lasting alterations in cognitive function. In a prenatal cocaine exposure mouse model, we found that tangential migration of GABA neurons from the basal to the dorsal forebrain and radial neuron migration within the dorsal forebrain were significantly decreased during the embryonic period. The decrease in the tangential migration occurred early in gestation and normalized by late gestation, despite ongoing cocaine exposure. The decrease in radial migration was associated with altered laminar positioning of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex. The cocaine exposure led to transient decreases in the expression of Tbr2 and Tbr1, transcription factors associated with intermediate progenitor cells and newborn neurons of the dorsal forebrain, respectively, although neurogenesis was not significantly altered. Since cocaine can modulate brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the mature brain, we examined whether cocaine can alter BDNF expression in the embryonic brain. We found a transient decrease in BDNF protein expression in the cocaine-exposed embryonic forebrain early in gestation. By late gestation, the BDNF expression recovered to control levels, despite ongoing cocaine exposure. In basal forebrain explants from cocaine-exposed embryos, cell migration was significantly decreased, corroborating the in vivo data on tangential GABA neuron migration. Since BDNF can influence tangential neuronal migration, we added BDNF to the culture medium and observed increased cell migration. Our data suggest that cocaine can alter tangential and radial neuronal migration as well as BDNF expression in the embryonic brain and that decreased BDNF may mediate cocaine's effects on neuronal migration.
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Synergistic activation of dopamine D1 and TrkB receptors mediate gain control of synaptic plasticity in the basolateral amygdala. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26065. [PMID: 22022509 PMCID: PMC3193533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear memory formation is thought to require dopamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and zinc release in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), as well as the induction of long term potentiation (LTP) in BLA principal neurons. However, no study to date has shown any relationship between these processes in the BLA. Here, we have used in vitro whole-cell patch clamp recording from BLA principal neurons to investigate how dopamine, BDNF, and zinc release may interact to modulate the LTP induction in the BLA. LTP was induced by either theta burst stimulation (TBS) protocol or spaced 5 times high frequency stimulation (5xHFS). Significantly, both TBS and 5xHFS induced LTP was fully blocked by the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390. LTP induction was also blocked by the BDNF scavenger, TrkB-FC, the zinc chelator, DETC, as well as by an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), gallardin. Conversely, prior application of the dopamine reuptake inhibitor, GBR12783, or the D1 receptor agonist, SKF39393, induced robust and stable LTP in response to a sub-threshold HFS protocol (2xHFS), which does not normally induce LTP. Similarly, prior activation of TrkB receptors with either a TrkB receptor agonist, or BDNF, also reduced the threshold for LTP-induction, an effect that was blocked by the MEK inhibitor, but not by zinc chelation. Intriguingly, the TrkB receptor agonist-induced reduction of LTP threshold was fully blocked by prior application of SCH23390, and the reduction of LTP threshold induced by GBR12783 was blocked by prior application of TrkB-FC. Together, our results suggest a cellular mechanism whereby the threshold for LTP induction in BLA principal neurons is critically dependent on the level of dopamine in the extracellular milieu and the synergistic activation of postsynaptic D1 and TrkB receptors. Moreover, activation of TrkB receptors appears to be dependent on concurrent release of zinc and activation of MMPs.
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Sotoyama H, Zheng Y, Iwakura Y, Mizuno M, Aizawa M, Shcherbakova K, Wang R, Namba H, Nawa H. Pallidal hyperdopaminergic innervation underlying D2 receptor-dependent behavioral deficits in the schizophrenia animal model established by EGF. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25831. [PMID: 22022452 PMCID: PMC3192134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is one of the ErbB receptor ligands implicated in schizophrenia neuropathology as well as in dopaminergic development. Based on the immune inflammatory hypothesis for schizophrenia, neonatal rats are exposed to this cytokine and later develop neurobehavioral abnormality such as prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficit. Here we found that the EGF-treated rats exhibited persistent increases in tyrosine hydroxylase levels and dopamine content in the globus pallidus. Furthermore, pallidal dopamine release was elevated in EGF-treated rats, but normalized by subchronic treatment with risperidone concomitant with amelioration of their PPI deficits. To evaluate pathophysiologic roles of the dopamine abnormality, we administered reserpine bilaterally to the globus pallidus to reduce the local dopamine pool. Reserpine infusion ameliorated PPI deficits of EGF-treated rats without apparent aversive effects on locomotor activity in these rats. We also administered dopamine D1-like and D2-like receptor antagonists (SCH23390 and raclopride) and a D2-like receptor agonist (quinpirole) to the globus pallidus and measured PPI and bar-hang latencies. Raclopride (0.5 and 2.0 µg/site) significantly elevated PPI levels of EGF-treated rats, but SCH23390 (0.5 and 2.0 µg/site) had no effect. The higher dose of raclopride induced catalepsy-like changes in control animals but not in EGF-treated rats. Conversely, local quinpirole administration to EGF-untreated control rats induced PPI deficits and anti-cataleptic behaviors, confirming the pathophysiologic role of the pallidal hyperdopaminergic state. These findings suggest that the pallidal dopaminergic innervation is vulnerable to circulating EGF at perinatal and/or neonatal stages and has strong impact on the D2-like receptor-dependent behavioral deficits relevant to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Sotoyama
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yingjun Zheng
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuriko Iwakura
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makoto Mizuno
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Miho Aizawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ksenia Shcherbakova
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Namba
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- * E-mail:
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van Thriel C, Westerink RHS, Beste C, Bale AS, Lein PJ, Leist M. Translating neurobehavioural endpoints of developmental neurotoxicity tests into in vitro assays and readouts. Neurotoxicology 2011; 33:911-24. [PMID: 22008243 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The developing nervous system is particularly vulnerable to chemical insults. Exposure to chemicals can result in neurobehavioural alterations, and these have been used as sensitive readouts to assess neurotoxicity in animals and man. Deconstructing neurobehaviour into relevant cellular and molecular components may allow for detection of specific neurotoxic effects in cell-based systems, which in turn may allow an easier examination of neurotoxic pathways and modes of actions and eventually inform the regulatory assessment of chemicals with potential developmental neurotoxicity. Here, current developments towards these goals are reviewed. Imaging genetics (CB) provides new insights into the neurobiological correlates of cognitive function that are being used to delineate neurotoxic mechanisms. The gaps between in vivo neurobehaviour and real-time in vitro measurements of neuronal function are being bridged by ex vivo measurements of synaptic plasticity (RW). An example of solvent neurotoxicity demonstrates how an in vivo neurological defect can be linked via the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-glutamate receptor as a common target to in vitro readouts (AB). Axonal and dendritic morphology in vitro proved to be good correlates of neuronal connectivity and neurobehaviour in animals exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and organophosphorus pesticides (PJL). Similarly, chemically induced changes in neuronal morphology affected the formation of neuronal networks on structured surfaces. Such network formation may become an important readout for developmental neurotoxicity in vitro (CvT), especially when combined with human neurons derived from embryonic stem cells (ML). We envision that future in vitro test systems for developmental neurotoxicity will combine the above approaches with exposure information, and we suggest a strategy for test system development and cell-based risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph van Thriel
- Neurobehavioural Toxicology and Chemosensation, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
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Murase S, Poser SW, Joseph J, McKay RD. p53 controls neuronal death in the CA3 region of the newborn mouse hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci 2011; 34:374-81. [PMID: 21714817 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It is important to determine the mechanisms controlling the number of neurons in the nervous system. Previously, we reported that neuronal activity plays a central role in controlling neuron number in the neonatal hippocampus of rodents. Neuronal survival requires sustained activation of the serine-threonine kinase Akt, which is initiated by neurotrophins and continued for several hours by neuronal activity and integrin signaling. Here, we focus on the CA3 region to show that neuronal apoptosis requires p53. As in wild-type animals, neuronal death occurs in the first postnatal week and ends by postnatal day (P)10 in p53(-/-) mice. During this period, the CA3 region of p53(-/-) mice contains significantly lower numbers of apoptotic cells, and at the end of the death period, it contains more neurons than the wild type. At P10, the p53(-/-) CA3 region contains a novel subpopulation of neurons with small soma size. These neurons show normal levels of tropomyosin receptor kinase receptor activation, but lower levels of activated Akt than the neurons with somata of normal size. These results suggest that p53 is the key downstream regulator of the novel survival-signaling pathway that regulates the number of CA3 neurons in the first 10 days of postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Murase
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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48
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Iwakura Y, Wang R, Abe Y, Piao YS, Shishido Y, Higashiyama S, Takei N, Nawa H. Dopamine-dependent ectodomain shedding and release of epidermal growth factor in developing striatum: target-derived neurotrophic signaling (Part 2). J Neurochem 2011; 118:57-68. [PMID: 21534959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and structurally related peptides promote neuronal survival and the development of midbrain dopaminergic neurons; however, the regulation of their production has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that the treatment of striatal cells with dopamine agonists enhances EGF release both in vivo and in vitro. We prepared neuron-enriched and non-neuronal cell-enriched cultures from the striatum of rat embryos and challenged those with various neurotransmitters or dopamine receptor agonists. Dopamine and a dopamine D(1) -like receptor agonist (SKF38393) triggered EGF release from neuron-enriched cultures in a dose-dependent manner. A D(2) -like agonist (quinpirole) increased EGF release only from non-neuronal cell-enriched cultures. The EGF release from striatal neurons and non-neuronal cells was concomitant with ErbB1 phosphorylation and/or with the activation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase and matrix metalloproteinase. The EGF release from neurons was attenuated by an a disintegrin and metalloproteinase/matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, GM6001, and a calcium ion chelator, BAPTA/AM. Transfection of cultured striatal neurons with alkaline phosphatase-tagged EGF precursor cDNA confirmed that dopamine D(1) -like receptor stimulation promoted both ectodomain shedding of the precursor and EGF release. Therefore, the activation of striatal dopamine receptors induces shedding and release of EGF to provide a retrograde neurotrophic signal to midbrain dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Iwakura
- Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Japan
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Meitzen J, Mermelstein PG. Estrogen receptors stimulate brain region specific metabotropic glutamate receptors to rapidly initiate signal transduction pathways. J Chem Neuroanat 2011; 42:236-41. [PMID: 21458561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol and other steroid hormones modulate the nervous system and behavior on both acute and long-term time scales. Though estradiol was originally characterized as a regulator of gene expression through the action of nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) that directly bind DNA, research over the past thirty years has firmly established that estradiol can bind to extra-nuclear ERs associated with the cellular membrane, producing changes in neurons through stimulation of various intracellular signaling pathways. Several studies have determined that the classical ERs, ERα and ERβ, mediate some of these fast-acting signaling pathways through activation of G proteins. Since ERα and ERβ are not G protein-coupled receptors, the mechanisms by which ERs can stimulate signal transduction pathways are a focus of recent research. Here we discuss recent studies illustrating one mechanism by which ERα and ERβ initiate these pathways: through direct association with metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Estradiol binding to these membrane-localized estrogen receptors results in mGluR signaling independent of glutamate. ERs are organized with mGluRs into functional signaling microdomains via caveolin proteins. The pairing of ERs to specific mGluRs via caveolins is region specific, with ERs being linked to different mGluRs in hippocampal, striatal, and other neurons. It is becoming clear that ER signaling through mGluRs is one important mechanism by which estrogens can modulate neuron and glial physiology, ultimately impacting various aspects of nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Meitzen
- Dept. of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Meitzen J, Luoma JI, Stern CM, Mermelstein PG. β1-Adrenergic receptors activate two distinct signaling pathways in striatal neurons. J Neurochem 2011; 116:984-95. [PMID: 21143600 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine action in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens plays essential roles in striatal physiology. Although research often focuses on dopamine and its receptors, norepinephrine (NE) and adrenergic receptors are also crucial in regulating striatal function. While noradrenergic neurotransmission has been identified in the striatum, little is known regarding the signaling pathways activated by β-adrenergic receptors in this brain region. Using cultured striatal neurons, we characterized a novel signaling pathway by which activation of β1-adrenergic receptors leads to the rapid phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), a transcription-factor implicated as a molecular switch underlying long-term changes in brain function. NE-mediated CREB phosphorylation requires β1-adrenergic receptor stimulation of a receptor tyrosine kinase, ultimately leading to the activation of a Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK/MSK signaling pathway. Activation of β1-adrenergic receptors also induces CRE-dependent transcription and increased c-fos expression. In addition, stimulation of β1-adrenergic receptors produces cAMP production, but surprisingly, β1-adrenergic receptor activation of adenylyl cyclase was not functionally linked to rapid CREB phosphorylation. These findings demonstrate that activation of β1-adrenergic receptors on striatal neurons can stimulate two distinct signaling pathways. These adrenergic actions can produce long-term changes in gene expression, as well as rapidly modulate cellular physiology. By elucidating the mechanisms by which NE and β1-adrenergic receptor activation affects striatal physiology, we provide the means to more fully understand the role of monoamines in modulating striatal function, specifically how NE and β1-adrenergic receptors may affect striatal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Meitzen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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