1
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Wu KC, Leong IL, Leung YM. Ca 2+-sensing receptor-TRP channel-mediated Ca 2+ signaling: Functional diversity and pharmacological complexity. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176717. [PMID: 38857682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor activated by elevated concentrations of extracellular Ca2+, and was initially known for its regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) release. Ubiquitous expression of CaSR in different tissues and organs was later noted and CaSR participation in various physiological functions was demonstrated. Accumulating evidence has suggested that CaSR functionally interacts with transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which are mostly non-selective cation channels involved in sensing temperature, pain and stress. This review describes the interactions of CaSR with TRP channels in diverse cell types to trigger a variety of biological responses. CaSR has been known to interact with different types of G proteins. Possible involvements of G proteins, other signaling and scaffolding protein intermediates in CaSR-TRP interaction are discussed. In addition, an attempt will be made to extend the current understanding of biased agonism of CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- King-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan; Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Iat-Lon Leong
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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2
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Zuo H, Park J, Frangaj A, Ye J, Lu G, Manning JJ, Asher WB, Lu Z, Hu GB, Wang L, Mendez J, Eng E, Zhang Z, Lin X, Grassucci R, Hendrickson WA, Clarke OB, Javitch JA, Conigrave AD, Fan QR. Promiscuous G-protein activation by the calcium-sensing receptor. Nature 2024; 629:481-488. [PMID: 38632411 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The human calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) detects fluctuations in the extracellular Ca2+ concentration and maintains Ca2+ homeostasis1,2. It also mediates diverse cellular processes not associated with Ca2+ balance3-5. The functional pleiotropy of CaSR arises in part from its ability to signal through several G-protein subtypes6. We determined structures of CaSR in complex with G proteins from three different subfamilies: Gq, Gi and Gs. We found that the homodimeric CaSR of each complex couples to a single G protein through a common mode. This involves the C-terminal helix of each Gα subunit binding to a shallow pocket that is formed in one CaSR subunit by all three intracellular loops (ICL1-ICL3), an extended transmembrane helix 3 and an ordered C-terminal region. G-protein binding expands the transmembrane dimer interface, which is further stabilized by phospholipid. The restraint imposed by the receptor dimer, in combination with ICL2, enables G-protein activation by facilitating conformational transition of Gα. We identified a single Gα residue that determines Gq and Gs versus Gi selectivity. The length and flexibility of ICL2 allows CaSR to bind all three Gα subtypes, thereby conferring capacity for promiscuous G-protein coupling.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Calcium/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/chemistry
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/chemistry
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/chemistry
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Binding
- Protein Multimerization
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/chemistry
- Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Substrate Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zuo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinseo Park
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aurel Frangaj
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianxiang Ye
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guanqi Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie J Manning
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wesley B Asher
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guo-Bin Hu
- Laboratory for BioMolecular Structure, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Laboratory for BioMolecular Structure, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Mendez
- National Center for Cryo-EM Access and Training, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward Eng
- National Center for Cryo-EM Access and Training, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhening Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Grassucci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wayne A Hendrickson
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver B Clarke
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Arthur D Conigrave
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Qing R Fan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Khan S, Mosvi SN, Vohra S, Poddar NK. Implication of calcium supplementations in health and diseases with special focus on colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38456354 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2322565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Calcium is a fundamental and integrative element and helps to ensure optimal health by regulating various physiological and pathological processes. While there is substantiated evidence confirming the beneficial effects of calcium in the treatment, management, and prevention of various health conditions, including cancer, conflicting studies are imperative to acknowledge the potential negative role of calcium supplementation. The studies on calcium supplementation showed that a specific dose can help in the maintenance of good human health, and in the control of different types of diseases, including cancer. Calcium alone and when combined with vitamin D, emerges as a promising therapeutic option for efficiently managing cancer growth, when used with chemotherapy. Combination therapy is considered a more effective approach for treating advanced types of colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, several challenges drastically influence the treatment of cancer, such as individual discrepancy, drug resistance, and stage of cancer, among others. Henceforth, novel preventive, reliable therapeutic modalities are essential to control and reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a pivotal role in calcium homeostasis, metabolism, and regulation of oncogenesis. Numerous studies have underscored the potential of CaSR, a G protein-coupled receptor, as a potential biomarker and target for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. The multifaceted involvement of CaSR in anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic processes paves the way for its utilization in the diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer. The current review highlights the important role of supplemental calcium in overall health and disease, along with the exploration of intricate mechanisms of CaSR pathways in the management and prevention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahanavaj Khan
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Indian Institute of Health and Technology (IIHT), Deoband, Saharanpur, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Needa Mosvi
- Department of Biosciences, Shri Ram Group of College (SRGC), Muzaffarnagar, India
| | - Saeed Vohra
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Kelleher SL. The ins and outs of mammary gland calcium and zinc transport: A brief review. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:240-244. [PMID: 37360130 PMCID: PMC10285217 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Milk is an excellent source of all macrominerals and trace elements, which are essential for proper function of a wide variety of vital processes. The concentrations of minerals in milk are influenced by numerous factors, including stage of lactation, time of day, nutritional and health status of the mother, as well as maternal genotype and environmental exposures. Additionally, tight regulation of mineral transport within the secretory mammary epithelial cell itself is critical for the production and secretion of milk. In this brief review, we focus on the current understanding of how the essential divalent cations calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) are transported in the mammary gland (MG) with a focus on molecular regulation and the consequence of genotype. A deeper grasp of mechanisms and factors affecting Ca and Zn transport in the MG is important to understanding milk production, mineral output, and MG health to inform intervention design and novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in production animals and humans.
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5
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Nguyen TG, Truong DTT, Le PH, Kim Vo TC, Ikeda S, Tran Le N. Calcium Intake Contributed by Whole Foods and Gastric Cancer in Viet Nam: A Case‑Control Study. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:1243-1253. [PMID: 36927374 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2187721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies revealed the potential tumor-suppressive effects of calcium. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary calcium intake contributed by whole foods and gastric cancer. METHODS 466 gastric cancer cases and 1531 controls were extracted from the completed case-control studies in hospitals in Hanoi from 2017 to 2019. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain data via face-to-face interviews with the trained interviewer. Calcium intake was calculated based on the food frequency intake per year. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS The study participants consumed less than 50% of 700 mg/day compared to the recommended calcium intake. With increasing calcium intake, we found a reduction in gastric cancer in both genders, men and women (adjusted OR and 95%CI, 5th vs. 1st quintile: 0.50 (0.36, 0.70), p_trend 0.000; 0.62 (0.42, 0.92), p_trend 0.019; and 0.30 (0.16, 0.57), p_trend 0.000, respectively). The inverse association remained in the subgroups of never-smokers and those with positive H. pylori infection. CONCLUSION We observed substantial benefits of calcium intake from whole foods against gastric cancer in the Vietnamese population with a low nutritious status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinh Gia Nguyen
- School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita City, Japan
| | - Dung Thuy Thi Truong
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.,Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita City, Japan
| | - Phuoc Hong Le
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Tuyen Cat Kim Vo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Shunya Ikeda
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita City, Japan
| | - Ngoan Tran Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam.,Department of Occupational Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi city, Viet Nam
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6
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Gorvin CM. Recent advances in calcium-sensing receptor structures and signaling pathways. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 195:121-135. [PMID: 36707151 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a class C GPCR that has a fundamental role in extracellular calcium homeostasis by regulating parathyroid hormone release and urinary calcium excretion. Germline mutations in the receptor cause disorders of calcium homeostasis and studies of the functional effects of these mutations has facilitated understanding of CaSR signaling and how allosteric modulators affect these responses. In the past year, five cryo-EM structures of the near full-length CaSR have been published, demonstrating how agonist-binding transmits changes in the CaSR extracellular domain to the transmembrane region to activate G proteins, and how allosteric modulators affect these structural dynamics. Additionally, several recent studies have identified CaSR interacting proteins that regulate CaSR signaling and trafficking and contribute to understanding how the receptor achieves rapid and diverse physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Gorvin
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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7
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Hannan FM, Elajnaf T, Vandenberg LN, Kennedy SH, Thakker RV. Hormonal regulation of mammary gland development and lactation. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:46-61. [PMID: 36192506 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lactation is critical to infant short-term and long-term health and protects mothers from breast cancer, ovarian cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mammary gland is a dynamic organ, regulated by the coordinated actions of reproductive and metabolic hormones. These hormones promote gland development from puberty onwards and induce the formation of a branched, epithelial, milk-secreting organ by the end of pregnancy. Progesterone withdrawal following placental delivery initiates lactation, which is maintained by increased pituitary secretion of prolactin and oxytocin, and stimulated by infant suckling. After weaning, local cytokine production and decreased prolactin secretion trigger large-scale mammary cell loss, leading to gland involution. Here, we review advances in the molecular endocrinology of mammary gland development and milk synthesis. We discuss the hormonal functions of the mammary gland, including parathyroid hormone-related peptide secretion that stimulates maternal calcium mobilization for milk synthesis. We also consider the hormonal composition of human milk and its associated effects on infant health and development. Finally, we highlight endocrine and metabolic diseases that cause lactation insufficiency, for example, monogenic disorders of prolactin and prolactin receptor mutations, maternal obesity and diabetes mellitus, interventions during labour and delivery, and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as polyfluoroalkyl substances in consumer products and other oestrogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadil M Hannan
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Oxford Centre for the Endocrinology of Human Lactation, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Taha Elajnaf
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Oxford Centre for the Endocrinology of Human Lactation, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Stephen H Kennedy
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Oxford Centre for the Endocrinology of Human Lactation, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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8
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Leong IL, Yu CM, Shiao LR, Chan P, Wu KC, Leung YM. Sensitivity of Ca 2+-sensing receptor-transient receptor potential-mediated Ca 2+ influx to extracellular acidity in bEND.3 endothelial cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2022; 65:277-281. [PMID: 36588353 DOI: 10.4103/0304-4920.365460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSRs) are G protein-coupled receptors activated by elevated concentrations of extracellular Ca2+. In our previous works, we showed protein and functional expression of CaSR in mouse cerebral endothelial cell (EC) (bEND.3); the CaSR response (high Ca2+-elicited cytosolic [Ca2+] elevation) was unaffected by suppression of phospholipase C but in part involved Ca2+ influx through transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) channels. In this work, we investigated if extracellular acidity affected CaSR-mediated Ca2+ influx triggered by high (3 mM) Ca2+ (CaSR agonist), 3 mM spermine (CaSR agonist), and 10 mM cinacalcet (positive allosteric modulator of CaSR). Extracellular acidosis (pH 6.8 and pH 6.0) strongly suppressed cytosolic [Ca2+] elevation triggered by high Ca2+, spermine, and cinacalcet; acidosis also inhibited Mn2+ influx stimulated by high Ca2+ and cinacalcet. Purinoceptor-triggered Ca2+ response, however, was not suppressed by acidosis. Extracellular acidity also did not affect membrane potential, suggesting suppressed CaSR-mediated Ca2+ influx in acidity did not result from the reduced electrical driving force for Ca2+. Our results suggest Ca2+ influx through a putative CaSR-TRP complex in bEND.3 EC was sensitive to extracellular pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iat-Lon Leong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macau, China
| | - Chung-Ming Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Ru Shiao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - King-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi; Department of Information Management, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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9
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Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR)-Mediated Intracellular Communication in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193075. [PMID: 36231037 PMCID: PMC9562006 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is a cell-surface-located receptor that can induce highly diffusible messengers (IP3, Ca2+, cAMP) in the cytoplasm to activate various cellular responses. Recently, it has also been suggested that the CaSR mediates the intracellular communications between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, nucleus, protease/proteasome, and autophagy-lysosome, which are involved in related cardiovascular diseases. The complex intracellular signaling of this receptor challenges it as a valuable therapeutic target. It is, therefore, necessary to understand the mechanisms behind the signaling characteristics of this receptor in intracellular communication. This review provides an overview of the recent research progress on the various regulatory mechanisms of the CaSR in related cardiovascular diseases and the heart-kidney interaction; the associated common causes are also discussed.
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10
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Filip-Psurska B, Zachary H, Strzykalska A, Wietrzyk J. Vitamin D, Th17 Lymphocytes, and Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153649. [PMID: 35954312 PMCID: PMC9367508 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The effect of vitamin D3 on the development of breast cancer (favorable, ineffective, or even unfavorable) depends on many factors, such as age, menopausal status, or obesity. The immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D may be unfavorable in case of breast cancer progression. The effect of vitamin D on Th17 cells may depend on disease type and patients’ age. Our goal was to summarize the data available and to find indications of vitamin D treatment failure or success. Therefore, in this review, we present data describing the effects of vitamin D3 on Th17 cells, mainly in breast cancer. Abstract Vitamin D3, which is well known to maintain calcium homeostasis, plays an important role in various cellular processes. It regulates the proliferation and differentiation of several normal cells, including immune and neoplastic cells, influences the cell cycle, and stimulates cell maturation and apoptosis through a mechanism dependent on the vitamin D receptor. The involvement of vitamin D3 in breast cancer development has been observed in numerous clinical studies. However, not all studies support the protective effect of vitamin D3 against the development of this condition. Furthermore, animal studies have revealed that calcitriol or its analogs may stimulate tumor growth or metastasis in some breast cancer models. It has been postulated that the effect of vitamin D3 on T helper (Th) 17 lymphocytes is one of the mechanisms promoting metastasis in these murine models. Herein we present a literature review on the existing data according to the interplay between vitamin D, Th17 cell and breast cancer. We also discuss the effects of this vitamin on Th17 lymphocytes in various disease entities known to date, due to the scarcity of scientific data on Th17 lymphocytes and breast cancer. The presented data indicate that the effect of vitamin D3 on breast cancer development depends on many factors, such as age, menopausal status, or obesity. According to that, more extensive clinical trials and studies are needed to assess the importance of vitamin D in breast cancer, especially when no correlations seem to be obvious.
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11
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Orduña-Castillo LB, Del-Río-Robles JE, García-Jiménez I, Zavala-Barrera C, Beltrán-Navarro YM, Hidalgo-Moyle JJ, Ramírez-Rangel I, Hernández-Bedolla MA, Reyes-Ibarra AP, Valadez-Sánchez M, Vázquez-Prado J, Reyes-Cruz G. Calcium sensing receptor stimulates breast cancer cell migration via the Gβγ-AKT-mTORC2 signaling pathway. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:239-252. [PMID: 34854057 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium sensing receptor, a pleiotropic G protein coupled receptor, activates secretory pathways in cancer cells and putatively exacerbates their metastatic behavior. Here, we show that various CaSR mutants, identified in breast cancer patients, differ in their ability to stimulate Rac, a small Rho GTPase linked to cytoskeletal reorganization and cell protrusion, but are similarly active on the mitogenic ERK pathway. To investigate how CaSR activates Rac and drives cell migration, we used invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We revealed, by pharmacological and knockdown strategies, that CaSR activates Rac and cell migration via the Gβγ-PI3K-mTORC2 pathway. These findings further support current efforts to validate CaSR as a relevant therapeutic target in metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennis Beatriz Orduña-Castillo
- Department of Cell Biology, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Eduardo Del-Río-Robles
- Department of Cell Biology, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irving García-Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César Zavala-Barrera
- Department of Cell Biology, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Joseline Janai Hidalgo-Moyle
- Department of Cell Biology, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Marco A Hernández-Bedolla
- Department of Cell Biology, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.,Licenciatura en Enfermería, Escuela Superior de Huejutla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo, México
| | - Alma P Reyes-Ibarra
- Department of Cell Biology, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margarita Valadez-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Department of Cell Biology, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
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12
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Lines KE, Gluck AK, Thongjuea S, Bountra C, Thakker RV, Gorvin CM. The bromodomain inhibitor JQ1+ reduces calcium-sensing receptor activity in pituitary cell lines. J Mol Endocrinol 2021; 67:83-94. [PMID: 34223822 PMCID: PMC8345903 DOI: 10.1530/jme-21-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Corticotrophinomas represent 10% of all surgically removed pituitary adenomas, however, current treatment options are often not effective, and there is a need for improved pharmacological treatments. Recently, JQ1+, a bromodomain inhibitor that promotes gene transcription by binding acetylated histone residues and recruiting transcriptional machinery, has been shown to reduce proliferation in a murine corticotroph cell line, AtT20. RNA-Seq analysis of AtT20 cells following treatment with JQ1+ identified the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) gene as significantly downregulated, which was subsequently confirmed using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. CaSR is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays a central role in calcium homeostasis but can elicit non-calcitropic effects in multiple tissues, including the anterior pituitary where it helps regulate hormone secretion. However, in AtT20 cells, CaSR activates a tumour-specific cAMP pathway that promotes ACTH and PTHrP hypersecretion. We hypothesised that the Casr promoter may harbour binding sites for BET proteins, and using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing demonstrated that the BET protein Brd3 binds to the promoter of the Casr gene. Assessment of CaSR signalling showed that JQ1+ significantly reduced Ca2+e-mediated increases in intracellular calcium (Ca2+i) mobilisation and cAMP signalling. However, the CaSR-negative allosteric modulator, NPS-2143, was unable to reduce AtT20 cell proliferation, indicating that reducing CaSR expression rather than activity is likely required to reduce pituitary cell proliferation. Thus, these studies demonstrate that reducing CaSR expression may be a viable option in the treatment of pituitary tumours. Moreover, current strategies to reduce CaSR activity, rather than protein expression for cancer treatments, may be ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Lines
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford,UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to K E Lines or C M Gorvin: or
| | - Anna K Gluck
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford,UK
| | - Supat Thongjuea
- Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chas Bountra
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford,UK
| | - Caroline M Gorvin
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford,UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to K E Lines or C M Gorvin: or
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13
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Ion Channels, Transporters, and Sensors Interact with the Acidic Tumor Microenvironment to Modify Cancer Progression. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 182:39-84. [PMID: 34291319 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors, including breast carcinomas, are heterogeneous but typically characterized by elevated cellular turnover and metabolism, diffusion limitations based on the complex tumor architecture, and abnormal intra- and extracellular ion compositions particularly as regards acid-base equivalents. Carcinogenesis-related alterations in expression and function of ion channels and transporters, cellular energy levels, and organellar H+ sequestration further modify the acid-base composition within tumors and influence cancer cell functions, including cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Cancer cells defend their cytosolic pH and HCO3- concentrations better than normal cells when challenged with the marked deviations in extracellular H+, HCO3-, and lactate concentrations typical of the tumor microenvironment. Ionic gradients determine the driving forces for ion transporters and channels and influence the membrane potential. Cancer and stromal cells also sense abnormal ion concentrations via intra- and extracellular receptors that modify cancer progression and prognosis. With emphasis on breast cancer, the current review first addresses the altered ion composition and the changes in expression and functional activity of ion channels and transporters in solid cancer tissue. It then discusses how ion channels, transporters, and cellular sensors under influence of the acidic tumor microenvironment shape cancer development and progression and affect the potential of cancer therapies.
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Abid HA, Inoue A, Gorvin CM. Heterogeneity of G protein activation by the calcium-sensing receptor. J Mol Endocrinol 2021; 67:41-53. [PMID: 34077389 PMCID: PMC8240730 DOI: 10.1530/jme-21-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays a fundamental role in extracellular calcium (Ca2+e) homeostasis by regulating parathyroid hormone release and urinary calcium excretion. The CaSR has been described to activate all four G protein subfamilies (Gαq/11, Gαi/o, Gα12/13, Gαs), and mutations in the receptor that cause hyper/hypocalcaemia, have been described to bias receptor signalling. However, many of these studies are based on measurements of second messengers or gene transcription that occurs many steps downstream of receptor activation and can represent convergence points of several signalling pathways. Therefore, to assess CaSR-mediated G protein activation directly, we took advantage of a recently described NanoBiT G protein dissociation assay system. Our studies, performed in HEK293 cells stably expressing CaSR, demonstrate that Ca2+e stimulation activates all Gαq/11 family and several Gαi/o family proteins, although Gαz was not activated. CaSR stimulated dissociation of Gα12/13 and Gαs from Gβ-subunits, but this occurred at a slower rate than that of other Gα-subunits. Investigation of cDNA expression of G proteins in three tissues abundantly expressing CaSR, the parathyroids, kidneys and pancreas, showed Gα11, Gαz, Gαi1 and Gα13 genes were highly expressed in parathyroid tissue, indicating CaSR most likely activates Gα11 and Gαi1 in parathyroids. In kidney and pancreas, the majority of G proteins were similarly expressed, suggesting CaSR may activate multiple G proteins in these cells. Thus, these studies validate a single assay system that can be used to robustly assess CaSR variants and biased signalling and could be utilised in the development of new pharmacological compounds targeting CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnat Ali Abid
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Caroline M Gorvin
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to C M Gorvin:
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15
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Leong IL, Tsai TY, Shiao LR, Zhang YM, Wong KL, Chan P, Leung YM. Characterization of Ca 2+-Sensing Receptor-Mediated Ca 2+ Influx in Microvascular bEND.3 Endothelial Cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:80-87. [PMID: 33938818 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_93_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSR), activated by elevated concentrations of extracellular Ca2+, have been known to regulate functions of thyroid cells, neurons, and endothelial cells (EC). In this report, we studied CaSR-mediated Ca2+ influx in mouse cerebral microvascular EC (bEND.3 cells). Cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration and Mn2+ influx were measured by fura-2 microfluorometry. High (3 mM) Ca2+ (CaSR agonist), 3 mM spermine (CaSR agonist), and 10 μM cinacalcet (positive allosteric modulator of CaSR) all triggered Ca2+ influx; however, spermine, unlike high Ca2+ and cinacalcet, did not promote Mn2+ influx and its response was poorly sensitive to SKF 96365, a TRP channel blocker. Consistently, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and ruthenium red (two other general TRP channel blockers) suppressed Ca2+ influx triggered by cinacalcet and high Ca2+ but not by spermine. Ca2+ influx triggered by high Ca2+, spermine, and cinacalcet was similarly suppressed by A784168, a potent and selective TRPV1 antagonist. Our results suggest that CaSR activation triggered Ca2+ influx via TRPV1 channels; intriguingly, pharmacological, and permeability properties of such Ca2+ influx depended on the stimulating ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iat-Lon Leong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macau, China
| | - Tien-Yao Tsai
- Cardiovascular Division, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City; Department of Cardiology, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan County, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Ru Shiao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Zhang
- VIP Department, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kar-Lok Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital; Department of Anesthesiology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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16
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Zavala-Barrera C, Del-Río-Robles JE, García-Jiménez I, Egusquiza-Alvarez CA, Hernández-Maldonado JP, Vázquez-Prado J, Reyes-Cruz G. The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) promotes Rab27B expression and activity to control secretion in breast cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119026. [PMID: 33845096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotactic and angiogenic factors secreted within the tumor microenvironment eventually facilitate the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) activates secretory pathways in breast cancer cells via a mechanism driven by vesicular trafficking of this receptor. However, it remains to be elucidated how endosomal proteins in secretory vesicles are controlled by CaSR. In the present study, we demonstrate that CaSR promotes expression of Rab27B and activates this secretory small GTPase via PI3K, PKA, mTOR and MADD, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, also known as DENN/Rab3GEP. Active Rab27B leads secretion of various cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, IP-10 and RANTES. Expression of Rab27B is stimulated by CaSR in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast epithelial cancer cells, but not in non-cancerous MCF-10A cells. This regulatory mechanism also occurs in HeLa and PC3 cells. Our findings provide insightful information regarding how CaSR activates a Rab27B-dependent mechanism to control secretion of factors known to intervene in paracrine communication circuits within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Zavala-Barrera
- Departments of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Eduardo Del-Río-Robles
- Departments of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irving García-Jiménez
- Departments of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - José Vázquez-Prado
- Departments of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Departments of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
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17
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Diao J, DeBono A, Josephs TM, Bourke JE, Capuano B, Gregory KJ, Leach K. Therapeutic Opportunities of Targeting Allosteric Binding Sites on the Calcium-Sensing Receptor. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:666-679. [PMID: 33860192 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The CaSR is a class C G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that acts as a multimodal chemosensor to maintain diverse homeostatic functions. The CaSR is a clinical therapeutic target in hyperparathyroidism and has emerged as a putative target in several other diseases. These include hyper- and hypocalcaemia caused either by mutations in the CASR gene or in genes that regulate CaSR signaling and expression, and more recently in asthma. The development of CaSR-targeting drugs is complicated by the fact that the CaSR possesses many different binding sites for endogenous and exogenous agonists and allosteric modulators. Binding sites for endogenous and exogenous ligands are located throughout the large CaSR protein and are interconnected in ways that we do not yet fully understand. This review summarizes our current understanding of CaSR physiology, signaling, and structure and how the many different binding sites of the CaSR may be targeted to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Diao
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Aaron DeBono
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Tracy M Josephs
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jane E Bourke
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 9 Ancora Imparo Way, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ben Capuano
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 9 Ancora Imparo Way, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 9 Ancora Imparo Way, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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18
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Tuffour A, Kosiba AA, Zhang Y, Peprah FA, Gu J, Shi H. Role of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in cancer metastasis to bone: Identifying a potential therapeutic target. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188528. [PMID: 33640382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide due to its ability to evade immune surveillance and metastasize from its origin to a secondary point of contact. Though several treatment techniques have been developed to suppress or manage cancer spread, a strategy for total control over the disease continues to evade researchers. In considering ways to control or prevent cancer from metastasizing to the bone, we analyze the impact of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), whose primary role is to maintain calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis in cellular and systemic physiological processes. CaSR is a pleiotropic receptor capable of enhancing the proliferation of some cancers such as breast, lung, prostate and kidney cancers at its primary site(s) and stimulating bone metastasis, while exerting a suppressive effect in others such as colon cancer. The activity of CaSR not only increases cancer cell proliferation, migration and suppression of apoptosis in the organs indicated, but also increases the secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and epiregulin, which induce osteolytic activity and osteoblastic suppression. In addition, released cytokines and Ca2+ from bone resorption are critical factors that further promote cancer proliferation. In this review, we seek to highlight previous viewpoints on CaSR, discuss its role in a new context, and consider its potential clinical application in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Tuffour
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | | | - Yao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Frank Addai Peprah
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jie Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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19
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Ahmad R, Dalziel JE. G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Taste Physiology and Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:587664. [PMID: 33390961 PMCID: PMC7774309 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.587664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest receptor family in mammals and are responsible for the regulation of most physiological functions. Besides mediating the sensory modalities of olfaction and vision, GPCRs also transduce signals for three basic taste qualities of sweet, umami (savory taste), and bitter, as well as the flavor sensation kokumi. Taste GPCRs reside in specialised taste receptor cells (TRCs) within taste buds. Type I taste GPCRs (TAS1R) form heterodimeric complexes that function as sweet (TAS1R2/TAS1R3) or umami (TAS1R1/TAS1R3) taste receptors, whereas Type II are monomeric bitter taste receptors or kokumi/calcium-sensing receptors. Sweet, umami and kokumi receptors share structural similarities in containing multiple agonist binding sites with pronounced selectivity while most bitter receptors contain a single binding site that is broadly tuned to a diverse array of bitter ligands in a non-selective manner. Tastant binding to the receptor activates downstream secondary messenger pathways leading to depolarization and increased intracellular calcium in TRCs, that in turn innervate the gustatory cortex in the brain. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between agonist binding and the conformational changes required for receptor activation, several major challenges and questions remain in taste GPCR biology that are discussed in the present review. In recent years, intensive integrative approaches combining heterologous expression, mutagenesis and homology modeling have together provided insight regarding agonist binding site locations and molecular mechanisms of orthosteric and allosteric modulation. In addition, studies based on transgenic mice, utilizing either global or conditional knock out strategies have provided insights to taste receptor signal transduction mechanisms and their roles in physiology. However, the need for more functional studies in a physiological context is apparent and would be enhanced by a crystallized structure of taste receptors for a more complete picture of their pharmacological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raise Ahmad
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Julie E Dalziel
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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20
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21
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Leach K, Hannan FM, Josephs TM, Keller AN, Møller TC, Ward DT, Kallay E, Mason RS, Thakker RV, Riccardi D, Conigrave AD, Bräuner-Osborne H. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CVIII. Calcium-Sensing Receptor Nomenclature, Pharmacology, and Function. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:558-604. [PMID: 32467152 PMCID: PMC7116503 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.018531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a class C G protein-coupled receptor that responds to multiple endogenous agonists and allosteric modulators, including divalent and trivalent cations, L-amino acids, γ-glutamyl peptides, polyamines, polycationic peptides, and protons. The CaSR plays a critical role in extracellular calcium (Ca2+ o) homeostasis, as demonstrated by the many naturally occurring mutations in the CaSR or its signaling partners that cause Ca2+ o homeostasis disorders. However, CaSR tissue expression in mammals is broad and includes tissues unrelated to Ca2+ o homeostasis, in which it, for example, regulates the secretion of digestive hormones, airway constriction, cardiovascular effects, cellular differentiation, and proliferation. Thus, although the CaSR is targeted clinically by the positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) cinacalcet, evocalcet, and etelcalcetide in hyperparathyroidism, it is also a putative therapeutic target in diabetes, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The CaSR is somewhat unique in possessing multiple ligand binding sites, including at least five putative sites for the "orthosteric" agonist Ca2+ o, an allosteric site for endogenous L-amino acids, two further allosteric sites for small molecules and the peptide PAM, etelcalcetide, and additional sites for other cations and anions. The CaSR is promiscuous in its G protein-coupling preferences, and signals via Gq/11, Gi/o, potentially G12/13, and even Gs in some cell types. Not surprisingly, the CaSR is subject to biased agonism, in which distinct ligands preferentially stimulate a subset of the CaSR's possible signaling responses, to the exclusion of others. The CaSR thus serves as a model receptor to study natural bias and allostery. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a complex G protein-coupled receptor that possesses multiple orthosteric and allosteric binding sites, is subject to biased signaling via several different G proteins, and has numerous (patho)physiological roles. Understanding the complexities of CaSR structure, function, and biology will aid future drug discovery efforts seeking to target this receptor for a diversity of diseases. This review summarizes what is known to date regarding key structural, pharmacological, and physiological features of the CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Fadil M Hannan
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Tracy M Josephs
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Andrew N Keller
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Thor C Møller
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Donald T Ward
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Daniela Riccardi
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Arthur D Conigrave
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
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22
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Das S, Clézardin P, Kamel S, Brazier M, Mentaverri R. The CaSR in Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer: A New Target for Early Stage Bone Metastases. Front Oncol 2020; 10:69. [PMID: 32117726 PMCID: PMC7013091 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a class-C G protein-coupled receptor which plays a pivotal role in calciotropic processes, primarily in regulating parathyroid hormone secretion to maintain systemic calcium homeostasis. Among its non-calciotropic roles, where the CaSR sits at the intersection of myriad processes, it has steadily garnered attention as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in different organs. In maternal breast tissues the CaSR promotes lactation but in breast cancer it acts as an oncoprotein and has been shown to drive the pathogenesis of skeletal metastases from breast cancer. Even though research has made great strides in treating primary breast cancer, there is an unmet need when it comes to treatment of metastatic breast cancer. This review focuses on how the CaSR leads to the pathogenesis of breast cancer by contrasting its role in healthy tissues and tumorigenesis, and by drawing brief parallels with the tissues where it has been implicated as an oncogene. A class of compounds called calcilytics, which are CaSR antagonists, have also been surveyed in the instances where they have been used to target the receptor in cancerous tissues and constitute a proof of principle for repurposing them. Current clinical therapies for treating bone metastases from breast cancer are limited to targeting osteoclasts and a deeper understanding of the CaSR signaling nexus in this context can bolster them or lead to novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Das
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Philippe Clézardin
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Said Kamel
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Michel Brazier
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Romuald Mentaverri
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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23
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Sensing Extracellular Calcium - An Insight into the Structure and Function of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:1031-1063. [PMID: 31646544 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays a key role in calcium homeostasis, by sensing free calcium levels in blood and regulating parathyroid hormone secretion in response. The CaSR is highly expressed in parathyroid gland and kidney where its role is well characterised, but also in other tissues where its function remains to be determined. The CaSR can be activated by a variety of endogenous ligands, as well as by synthetic modulators such as Cinacalcet, used in the clinic to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease. The CaSR couples to multiple G proteins, in a tissue-specific manner, activating several signalling pathways and thus regulating diverse intracellular events. The multifaceted nature of this receptor makes it a valuable therapeutic target for calciotropic and non-calciotropic diseases. It is therefore essential to understand the complexity behind the pharmacology, trafficking, and signalling characteristics of this receptor. This review provides an overview of the latest knowledge about the CaSR and discusses future hot topics in this field.
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24
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Hatina J, Kripnerova M, Khazov N, Krimpeni MS, Drbal K, Schwarz S. Molecules of Life and Mutations: a new course of advanced pathophysiology combining several modern didactic approaches. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2019; 43:537-540. [PMID: 31642707 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00071.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Hatina
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Institute of Biology, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kripnerova
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Institute of Biology, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Nikita Khazov
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Institute of Biology, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Martha Sardeli Krimpeni
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Institute of Biology, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Drbal
- Faculty of Science, Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Siegfried Schwarz
- Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Innsbruck Medical University, Biocenter, Innsbruck, Austria
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25
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Mortezaee K, Potes Y, Mirtavoos-Mahyari H, Motevaseli E, Shabeeb D, Musa AE, Najafi M, Farhood B. Boosting immune system against cancer by melatonin: A mechanistic viewpoint. Life Sci 2019; 238:116960. [PMID: 31629760 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of high complexity. Resistance to therapy is a major challenge in cancer targeted therapies. Overcoming this resistance requires a deep knowledge of the cellular interactions within tumor. Natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are the main anti-cancer immune cells, while T regulatory cells (Tregs) and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) facilitate immune escape of cancer cells. Melatonin is a natural agent with anti-cancer functions that has also been suggested as an adjuvant in combination with cancer therapy modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and tumor vaccination. One of the main effects of melatonin is regulation of immune responses against cancer cells. Melatonin has been shown to potentiate the activities of anti-cancer immune cells, as well as attenuating the activities of Tregs and CAFs. It also has a potent effect on the mitochondria, which may change immune responses against cancer. In this review, we explain the mechanisms of immune regulation by melatonin involved in its anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Hanifeh Mirtavoos-Mahyari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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26
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Capiod T, Barry Delongchamps N, Pigat N, Souberbielle JC, Goffin V. Do dietary calcium and vitamin D matter in men with prostate cancer? Nat Rev Urol 2019; 15:453-461. [PMID: 29765146 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-018-0015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Active surveillance (AS) is an attractive alternative to immediate treatment for men with low-risk prostate cancer. Thus, the identification of environmental factors that promote the progression of indolent disease towards aggressive stages is critical to optimize clinical management. Epidemiological studies suggest that calcium-rich diets contribute to an increased risk of developing prostate cancer and that vitamin D reduces this risk. However, the potential effect of these nutrients on the progression of early-stage prostate tumours is uncertain, as studies in this setting are scarce and have not provided unambiguous conclusions. By contrast, the results of a preclinical study from our own group demonstrate that a diet high in calcium dose-dependently accelerated the progression of early-stage prostate tumours and that dietary vitamin D prevented this effect. The extent to which the conclusions of preclinical and epidemiological studies support a role for calcium and vitamin D and the relevance of monitoring and adjustment of calcium and/or vitamin D intake in patients on AS require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Capiod
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Barry Delongchamps
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Urology Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Natascha Pigat
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Souberbielle
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Physiology Department, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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27
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Mortezaee K, Najafi M, Farhood B, Ahmadi A, Potes Y, Shabeeb D, Musa AE. Modulation of apoptosis by melatonin for improving cancer treatment efficiency: An updated review. Life Sci 2019; 228:228-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Anract J, Baures M, Barry Delongchamps N, Capiod T. Microcalcifications, calcium-sensing receptor, and cancer. Cell Calcium 2019; 82:102051. [PMID: 31276858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calcium stones and calculi are observed in numerous human tissues. They are the result of deposition of calcium salts and are due to high local calcium concentrations. Prostatic calculi are usually classified as endogenous or extrinsic stones. Endogenous stones are commonly caused by obstruction of the prostatic ducts around an enlarged prostate resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia or from chronic inflammation. The latter occurs mainly around the urethra and is generally caused by reflux of urine into the prostate. Calcium concentrations higher than in the plasma at sites of infection may induce the chemotactic response that eventually leads to recruitment of inflammatory cells. The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) may be crucial for this recruitment as its expression and activity are increased by cytokines such as IL-6 and high extracellular calcium concentrations, respectively. The links between calcium calculi, inflammation, calcium supplementation, and CaSR functions in prostate cancer patients will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Anract
- INSERM Unit 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France; Urology Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75014, France
| | - Manon Baures
- INSERM Unit 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Nicolas Barry Delongchamps
- INSERM Unit 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France; Urology Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75014, France
| | - Thierry Capiod
- INSERM Unit 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France.
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29
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Antagonism of Ca 2+-sensing receptors by NPS 2143 is transiently masked by p38 activation in mouse brain bEND.3 endothelial cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:823-832. [PMID: 30826858 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSR) are G protein-coupled receptors which are activated by a rise in extracellular Ca2+. CaSR activation has been known to inhibit parathyroid hormone release and stimulate calcitonin release from parathyroid glands and thyroid parafollicular C cells, respectively. The roles of CaSR in other cell types including endothelial cells (EC) are much less understood. In this work, we demonstrated protein and functional expression of CaSR in mouse cerebral EC (bEND.3). Unexpectedly, CaSR response (high Ca2+-elicited cytosolic [Ca2+] elevation) was unaffected by edelfosine or U73122 but strongly suppressed by SK&F 96365, ruthenium red, and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), suggesting involvement of TRPV and TRPC channels but not Gq-phospholipase C. Acute application of NPS2143, a negative allosteric modulator of CaSR, suppressed CaSR response. However, a 40-min NPS2143 pre-treatment surprisingly enhanced CaSR response. After 4-24 h of application, this enhancement faded away and suppression of CaSR response was observed again. Similar results were obtained when La3+ and Sr2+ were used as CaSR agonists. The transient NPS 2143 enhancement effect was abolished by SB203580, a p38 inhibitor. Consistently, NPS 2143 triggered a transient p38 activation. Taken together, results suggest that in bEND.3 cells, NPS 2143 caused acute suppression of CaSR response, but then elicited a transient enhancement of CaSR response in a p38-dependent manner. NPS 2143 effects on CaSR in bEND.3 cells therefore depended on drug exposure time. These findings warrant cautious use of this agent as a CaSR modulator and potential cardiovascular drug.
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30
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Boga JA, Caballero B, Potes Y, Perez-Martinez Z, Reiter RJ, Vega-Naredo I, Coto-Montes A. Therapeutic potential of melatonin related to its role as an autophagy regulator: A review. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12534. [PMID: 30329173 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There are several pathologies, syndromes, and physiological processes in which autophagy is involved. This process of self-digestion that cells trigger as a survival mechanism is complex and tightly regulated, according to the homeostatic conditions of the organ. However, in all cases, its relationship with oxidative stress alterations is evident, following a pathway that suggests endoplasmic reticulum stress and/or mitochondrial changes. There is accumulating evidence of the beneficial role that melatonin has in the regulation and restoration of damaged autophagic processes. In this review, we focus on major physiological changes such as aging and essential pathologies including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, viral infections and obesity, and document the essential role of melatonin in the regulation of autophagy in each of these different situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Boga
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Zulema Perez-Martinez
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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31
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Hannan FM, Kallay E, Chang W, Brandi ML, Thakker RV. The calcium-sensing receptor in physiology and in calcitropic and noncalcitropic diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 15:33-51. [PMID: 30443043 PMCID: PMC6535143 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-018-0115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a dimeric family C G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in calcitropic tissues such as the parathyroid glands and the kidneys and signals via G proteins and β-arrestin. The CaSR has a pivotal role in bone and mineral metabolism, as it regulates parathyroid hormone secretion, urinary Ca2+ excretion, skeletal development and lactation. The importance of the CaSR for these calcitropic processes is highlighted by loss-of-function and gain-of-function CaSR mutations that cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia and autosomal dominant hypocalcaemia, respectively, and also by the fact that alterations in parathyroid CaSR expression contribute to the pathogenesis of primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Moreover, the CaSR is an established therapeutic target for hyperparathyroid disorders. The CaSR is also expressed in organs not involved in Ca2+ homeostasis: it has noncalcitropic roles in lung and neuronal development, vascular tone, gastrointestinal nutrient sensing, wound healing and secretion of insulin and enteroendocrine hormones. Furthermore, the abnormal expression or function of the CaSR is implicated in cardiovascular and neurological diseases, as well as in asthma, and the CaSR is reported to protect against colorectal cancer and neuroblastoma but increase the malignant potential of prostate and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadil M Hannan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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32
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Gutiérrez-López TY, Orduña-Castillo LB, Hernández-Vásquez MN, Vázquez-Prado J, Reyes-Cruz G. Calcium sensing receptor activates the NLRP3 inflammasome via a chaperone-assisted degradative pathway involving Hsp70 and LC3-II. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:1121-1127. [PMID: 30316511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) activates the NLRP3 inflammasome with consequences on homeostatic responses. However, little is known about how this process is orchestrated. Since proteolysis of critical regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome contribute to its activation, we aimed to understand how CaSR stimulates proteolytic pathways to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. We found that proteasome and lysosome-dependent mechanisms are activated by CaSR to promote the degradation of important regulators of NLRP inflammasome. The pathway involves Gαq/PLC/PKC and Gβγ/PI3K signaling cascades and IRAK1 ubiquitination. In addition, CaSR stimulates Hsp70 expression activating a chaperone-assisted protein degradation that dictates the fate of ASC, NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family protein 3), IRAK1 and TRAF6 proteins, turning on the NLRP3 inflammasome. In response to CaSR signaling, these proteins are degraded through the combination of CUPS (chaperone-assisted ubiquitin proteasome pathway) and CAEMI (chaperone-assisted endosomal microautophagy) systems being integrated by autophagosomes (chaperone-assisted macroautophagy, CAMA), as indicated by LC3-II, a classical marker for autophagy, that is induced in the process. Furthermore, CaSR triggers the proteolytic cleavage of pro-IL-1β (IL-1β, 31 kDa) into mature IL-1β (IL-1β, 17 kDa), via the proteasome. Taken together, our results indicate that CaSR promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation and proteolytic maturation of IL-1β by inducing CUPS and CAEMI, chaperone-assisted degradation pathways. Overall, these results support the inclusion of CaSR as an activator of homeostasis-altering molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Yareli Gutiérrez-López
- Departments of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - José Vázquez-Prado
- Departments of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Departments of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
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33
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Iamartino L, Elajnaf T, Kallay E, Schepelmann M. Calcium-sensing receptor in colorectal inflammation and cancer: Current insights and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4119-4131. [PMID: 30271078 PMCID: PMC6158479 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i36.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is best known for its action in the parathyroid gland and kidneys where it controls body calcium homeostasis. However, the CaSR has different roles in the gastrointestinal tract, where it is ubiquitously expressed. In the colon, the CaSR is involved in controlling multiple mechanisms, including fluid transport, inflammation, cell proliferation and differentiation. Although the expression pattern and functions of the CaSR in the colonic microenvironment are far from being completely understood, evidence has been accumulating that the CaSR might play a protective role against both colonic inflammation and colorectal cancer. For example, CaSR agonists such as dipeptides have been suggested to reduce colonic inflammation, while dietary calcium was shown to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. CaSR expression is lost in colonic malignancies, indicating that the CaSR is a biomarker for colonic cancer progression. This dual anti-inflammatory and anti-tumourigenic role of the CaSR makes it especially interesting in colitis-associated colorectal cancer. In this review, we describe the clinical and experimental evidence for the role of the CaSR in colonic inflammation and colorectal cancer, the intracellular signalling pathways which are putatively involved in these actions, and the possibilities to exploit these actions of the CaSR for future therapies of colonic inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Iamartino
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Taha Elajnaf
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Martin Schepelmann
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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Modarressi T, Levine MA, Tchou J, Khan AN. Gestational Gigantomastia Complicated by PTHrP-Mediated Hypercalcemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3124-3130. [PMID: 30032172 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gestational gigantomastia is an uncommon condition characterized by abnormal and excessive growth of breast tissue during an otherwise uncomplicated pregnancy. Gestational gigantomastia may be accompanied by hypercalcemia, which in some cases has been associated with elevated serum levels of PTHrP. The source of the PTHrP in these cases has been suggested to be the enlarged breasts. OBJECTIVE To describe the rapid resolution of hypercalcemia and normalization of serum PTHrP after elective termination of pregnancy, indicating that the placenta was the source of the PTHrP. DESIGN A retrospective analysis of clinical and biochemical data over a 2-year interval and review of literature. SETTING An academic medical center. PATIENT A 33-year-old G8P4 female who presented at week 8 of pregnancy with gestational gigantomastia and subsequently developed marked hypercalcemia at week 13. Serum levels of PTH were suppressed but circulating PTHrP was elevated. There was no history of hypercalcemia or significant breast growth during previous pregnancies. INTERVENTION Hypercalcemia was poorly responsive to IV saline, prednisone, calcitonin, and cinacalcet. She requested termination of pregnancy at week 20. RESULTS Serum levels of calcium, PTH, and PTHrP normalized within 48 hours of termination of pregnancy. CONCLUSION The rapid resolution of hypercalcemia after termination of pregnancy, despite persistent gigantomastia, provides evidence for a pathologic role of the placenta in the excess production of PTHrP, possibly through an as yet uncharacterized placenta-breast hormonal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher Modarressi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael A Levine
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia Tchou
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amna N Khan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Section of Endocrinology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Weaver SR, Fricke HP, Xie C, Lipinski RJ, Vezina CM, Charles JF, Hernandez LL. Peripartum Fluoxetine Reduces Maternal Trabecular Bone After Weaning and Elevates Mammary Gland Serotonin and PTHrP. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2850-2862. [PMID: 29893816 PMCID: PMC6456925 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been linked to osteopenia and fracture risk; however, their long-term impact on bone health is not well understood. SSRIs are widely prescribed to pregnant and breastfeeding women who might be at particular risk of bone pathology because lactation is associated with considerable maternal bone loss. We used microCT and molecular approaches to test whether the SSRI fluoxetine, administered to C57BL/6 mice from conception through the end of lactation, causes persistent maternal bone loss. We found that peripartum fluoxetine increases serum calcium and reduces circulating markers of bone formation during lactation but does not affect osteoclastic resorption. Peripartum fluoxetine exposure also enhances mammary gland endocrine function during lactation by increasing synthesis of serotonin and PTHrP, a hormone that liberates calcium for milk synthesis and reduces bone mineral volume. Peripartum fluoxetine exposure reduces the trabecular bone volume fraction at 3 months after weaning. These findings raise new questions about the long-term consequences of peripartum SSRI use on maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Weaver
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Hannah P Fricke
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Cynthia Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert J Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Julia F Charles
- Department of Orthopedics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura L Hernandez
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Correspondence: Laura L. Hernandez, PhD, Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. E-mail:
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36
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Bitter tastant quinine modulates glucagon-like peptide-1 exocytosis from clonal GLUTag enteroendocrine L cells via actin reorganization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:723-730. [PMID: 29684353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enteroendocrine L cells in the gastrointestinal tract secrete glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Here we investigated the effect of bitter tastant quinine on GLP-1 secretion using clonal GLUTag mouse enteroendocrine L cells. We found that GLUTag cells expressed putative quinine receptors at mRNA levels. Although application of quinine resulted in an increase of intracellular Ca2+ levels, which was mediated by Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ influx through voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, quinine had little effect on GLP-1 secretion. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and immunocytochemistry revealed that GLP-1-containing vesicles remained unfused with the plasma membrane and facilitated actin polymerization beneath the plasma membrane after application of quinine, respectively. Interestingly, application of forskolin together with quinine induced GLP-1 exocytosis from the cells. These results suggest that quinine does not induce GLP-1 secretion because it facilitates Ca2+ increase and actin reorganization but not cAMP increase, and both Ca2+ and cAMP are essential for GLP-1 secretion.
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Jain RA, Wolman MA, Marsden KC, Nelson JC, Shoenhard H, Echeverry FA, Szi C, Bell H, Skinner J, Cobbs EN, Sawada K, Zamora AD, Pereda AE, Granato M. A Forward Genetic Screen in Zebrafish Identifies the G-Protein-Coupled Receptor CaSR as a Modulator of Sensorimotor Decision Making. Curr Biol 2018; 28:1357-1369.e5. [PMID: 29681477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Animals continuously integrate sensory information and select contextually appropriate responses. Here, we show that zebrafish larvae select a behavioral response to acoustic stimuli from a pre-existing choice repertoire in a context-dependent manner. We demonstrate that this sensorimotor choice is modulated by stimulus quality and history, as well as by neuromodulatory systems-all hallmarks of more complex decision making. Moreover, from a genetic screen coupled with whole-genome sequencing, we identified eight mutants with deficits in this sensorimotor choice, including mutants of the vertebrate-specific G-protein-coupled extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), whose function in the nervous system is not well understood. We demonstrate that CaSR promotes sensorimotor decision making acutely through Gαi/o and Gαq/11 signaling, modulated by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Combined, our results identify the first set of genes critical for behavioral choice modulation in a vertebrate and reveal an unexpected critical role for CaSR in sensorimotor decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan A Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA.
| | - Marc A Wolman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kurt C Marsden
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica C Nelson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hannah Shoenhard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fabio A Echeverry
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Christina Szi
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Hannah Bell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julianne Skinner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emilia N Cobbs
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Keisuke Sawada
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Amy D Zamora
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Alberto E Pereda
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Gerbino A, Colella M. The Different Facets of Extracellular Calcium Sensors: Old and New Concepts in Calcium-Sensing Receptor Signalling and Pharmacology. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E999. [PMID: 29584660 PMCID: PMC5979557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current interest of the scientific community for research in the field of calcium sensing in general and on the calcium-sensing Receptor (CaR) in particular is demonstrated by the still increasing number of papers published on this topic. The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor is the best-known G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) able to sense external Ca2+ changes. Widely recognized as a fundamental player in systemic Ca2+ homeostasis, the CaR is ubiquitously expressed in the human body where it activates multiple signalling pathways. In this review, old and new notions regarding the mechanisms by which extracellular Ca2+ microdomains are created and the tools available to measure them are analyzed. After a survey of the main signalling pathways triggered by the CaR, a special attention is reserved for the emerging concepts regarding CaR function in the heart, CaR trafficking and pharmacology. Finally, an overview on other Ca2+ sensors is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy.
| | - Matilde Colella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy.
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39
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Campos-Verdes LM, Costa-Silva DR, da Silva-Sampaio JP, Barros-Oliveira MDC, Escórcio-Dourado CS, Martins LM, Sampaio FA, Revoredo C, Alves-Ribeiro FA, da Silva BB. Review of Polymorphism of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor Gene and Breast Cancer Risk. Cancer Invest 2018; 36:1-7. [PMID: 29504802 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2018.1430817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphism of the calcium-sensing receptor gene (CaSR or CaR) has been associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. This receptor plays an important role in calcium homeostasis, and has also been detected in several tissues that are unrelated to calcium metabolism, such as the skin, brain, and breast. The calcium-sensing receptor on cellular level, it regulates cell differentiation, proliferation, cell death, and gene expression. In breast cancer cells, CaSR seems to stimulate secretion of the parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), which stimulates cellular proliferation. Likewise, some studies have supported not only an association between calcium receptor gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk, but also a higher aggressiveness and unfavorable outcomes in breast cancer, which led us to make a survey in Pubmed on the subject in the last 10 years. Thus, in the literature there is a paucity of studies on the subject and the aim of this review was to show the role of calcium-sensing receptor and its association with breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysse Maira Campos-Verdes
- a Postgraduate Program of Health in Sciences , Federal University of Piauí , 2280 Frei Serafim Avenue, Teresina , Piauí , Brazil
| | - Danylo Rafhael Costa-Silva
- b Postgraduate Program of the Northeast Network of Biotechnology (RENORBIO) , Federal University of Piauí , Teresina , Brazil
| | - João Paulo da Silva-Sampaio
- a Postgraduate Program of Health in Sciences , Federal University of Piauí , 2280 Frei Serafim Avenue, Teresina , Piauí , Brazil
| | | | - Carla Solange Escórcio-Dourado
- b Postgraduate Program of the Northeast Network of Biotechnology (RENORBIO) , Federal University of Piauí , Teresina , Brazil
| | - Luana Mota Martins
- b Postgraduate Program of the Northeast Network of Biotechnology (RENORBIO) , Federal University of Piauí , Teresina , Brazil
| | - Fabiane Araújo Sampaio
- b Postgraduate Program of the Northeast Network of Biotechnology (RENORBIO) , Federal University of Piauí , Teresina , Brazil
| | - Camila Revoredo
- b Postgraduate Program of the Northeast Network of Biotechnology (RENORBIO) , Federal University of Piauí , Teresina , Brazil
| | - Francisco Adelton Alves-Ribeiro
- b Postgraduate Program of the Northeast Network of Biotechnology (RENORBIO) , Federal University of Piauí , Teresina , Brazil
| | - Benedito Borges da Silva
- a Postgraduate Program of Health in Sciences , Federal University of Piauí , 2280 Frei Serafim Avenue, Teresina , Piauí , Brazil.,b Postgraduate Program of the Northeast Network of Biotechnology (RENORBIO) , Federal University of Piauí , Teresina , Brazil
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40
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Asghari MH, Ghobadi E, Moloudizargari M, Fallah M, Abdollahi M. Does the use of melatonin overcome drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy? Life Sci 2018; 196:143-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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41
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Tajbakhsh A, Pasdar A, Rezaee M, Fazeli M, Soleimanpour S, Hassanian SM, FarshchiyanYazdi Z, Younesi Rad T, Ferns GA, Avan A. The current status and perspectives regarding the clinical implication of intracellular calcium in breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5623-5641. [PMID: 29150934 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+ ) act as second messengers in intracellular signaling. Ca2+ pumps, channels, sensors, and calcium binding proteins, regulate the concentrations of intracellular Ca2+ as a key regulator of important cellular processes such as gene expression, proliferation, differentiation, DNA repair, apoptosis, metastasis, and hormone secretion. Intracellular Ca2+ also influences the functions of several organelles, that include: the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, the Golgi, and cell membrane both in normal and breast cancer cells. In breast cancer, the disruption of intracellular: Ca2+ homeostasis may cause tumor progression by affecting key factors/pathways including phospholipase C (PLC), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), calmodulin (CaM), nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), calpain, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), estrogen, and estrogen receptor. Because the foregoing molecules play crucial roles in breast cancer, the factors/pathways influencing intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are putative targets for cancer treatment, using drugs such as Mephebrindole, Tilapia piscidin 4, Nifetepimine, Paricalcitol, and Prednisolone. We have explored the factors/pathways which are related to breast cancer and Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling in this review, and also discussed their potential as biomarkers for breast cancer staging, prognosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK.,Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rezaee
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Fazeli
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra FarshchiyanYazdi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tayebe Younesi Rad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Gorvin CM, Rogers A, Hastoy B, Tarasov AI, Frost M, Sposini S, Inoue A, Whyte MP, Rorsman P, Hanyaloglu AC, Breitwieser GE, Thakker RV. AP2σ Mutations Impair Calcium-Sensing Receptor Trafficking and Signaling, and Show an Endosomal Pathway to Spatially Direct G-Protein Selectivity. Cell Rep 2018; 22:1054-1066. [PMID: 29420171 PMCID: PMC5792449 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial control of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, which is used by cells to translate complex information into distinct downstream responses, is achieved by using plasma membrane (PM) and endocytic-derived signaling pathways. The roles of the endomembrane in regulating such pleiotropic signaling via multiple G-protein pathways remain unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of disease-causing mutations of the adaptor protein-2 σ subunit (AP2σ) on signaling by the class C GPCR calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). These AP2σ mutations increase CaSR PM expression yet paradoxically reduce CaSR signaling. Hypercalcemia-associated AP2σ mutations reduced CaSR signaling via Gαq/11 and Gαi/o pathways. The mutations also delayed CaSR internalization due to prolonged residency time of CaSR in clathrin structures that impaired or abolished endosomal signaling, which was predominantly mediated by Gαq/11. Thus, compartmental bias for CaSR-mediated Gαq/11 endomembrane signaling provides a mechanistic basis for multidimensional GPCR signaling. Disease-causing AP2σ mutants impair Gαq/11 and Gαi/o signaling by CaSR, a class C GPCR AP2σ mutants impair trafficking of the CaSR The CaSR can signal by a sustained endosomal pathway CaSR differentially uses Gαq/11 and Gαi/o for cell-surface and endosomal signaling
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Gorvin
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Angela Rogers
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benoit Hastoy
- Diabetes Research Laboratory, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- Diabetes Research Laboratory, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Morten Frost
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Silvia Sposini
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Japan Science and Technology (JST) Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Michael P Whyte
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Diabetes Research Laboratory, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aylin C Hanyaloglu
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gerda E Breitwieser
- Geisinger Clinic, Weis Center for Research, Department of Functional and Molecular Genomics, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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43
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Yang Y, Wang B. PTH1R-CaSR Cross Talk: New Treatment Options for Breast Cancer Osteolytic Bone Metastases. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:7120979. [PMID: 30151009 PMCID: PMC6087585 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7120979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (BrCa) is currently incurable despite great improvements in treatment of primary BrCa. The incidence of skeletal metastases in advanced BrCa occurs up to 70%. Recent findings have established that the distribution of BrCa metastases to the skeleton is not a random process but due to the favorable microenvironment for tumor invasion and growth. The complex interplay among BrCa cells, stromal/osteoblastic cells, and osteoclasts in the osseous microenvironment creates a bone-tumor vicious cycle (a feed-forward loop) that results in excessive bone destruction and progressive tumor growth. Both the type 1 PTH receptor (PTH1R) and extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) participate in the vicious cycle and influence the skeletal metastatic niche. Thus, this review focuses on how the PTH1R and CaSR signaling pathways interact and contribute to the pathogenesis of BrCa bone metastases. The effects of intermittent PTH and allosteric modulators of CaSR for the use of bone-anabolic agents and prevention of BrCa bone metastases constitute a proof of principle for therapeutic consideration. Understanding the interplay between PTH1R and CaSR signaling in the development of BrCa bone metastases could lead to a novel therapeutic approach to control both osteolysis and tumor burden in the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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44
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Nicolini A, Ferrari P, Diodati L, Carpi A. Recent Advances in Comprehending the Signaling Pathways Involved in the Progression of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2321. [PMID: 29099748 PMCID: PMC5713290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes recent advances in the comprehension of signaling pathways involved in breast cancer progression. Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), caveolae signaling, signaling referred to hypoxia-inducing factors and disturbances in the apoptotic machinery are related to more general biological mechanisms and are considered first. The others refer to signaling pathways of more specific biological mechanisms, namely the heparin/heparin-sulfate interactome, over-expression of miRNA-378a-5p, restriction of luminal and basal epithelial cells, fatty-acid synthesis, molecular pathways related to epithelial to mesenchimal transition (EMT), HER-2/neu gene amplification and protein expression, and the expression of other members of the epithelial growth factor receptor family. This progress in basic research is fundamental to foster the ongoing efforts that use the new genotyping technologies, and aim at defining new prognostic and predictive biomarkers for a better personalized management of breast cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lucrezia Diodati
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Angelo Carpi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Momen-Heravi F, Masugi Y, Qian ZR, Nishihara R, Liu L, Smith-Warner SA, Keum N, Zhang L, Tchrakian N, Nowak JA, Yang W, Ma Y, Bowden M, da Silva A, Wang M, Fuchs CS, Meyerhardt JA, Ng K, Wu K, Giovannucci E, Ogino S, Zhang X. Tumor expression of calcium sensing receptor and colorectal cancer survival: Results from the nurses' health study and health professionals follow-up study. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2471-2479. [PMID: 28856682 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although experimental evidence suggests calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) as a tumor-suppressor, the prognostic role of tumor CASR expression in colorectal carcinoma remains unclear. We hypothesized that higher tumor CASR expression might be associated with improved survival among colorectal cancer patients. We evaluated tumor expression levels of CASR by immunohistochemistry in 809 incident colorectal cancer patients within the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate multivariable hazard ratio (HR) for the association of tumor CASR expression with colorectal cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. We adjusted for potential confounders including tumor biomarkers such as microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, LINE-1 methylation level, expressions of PTGS2, VDR and CTNNB1 and mutations of KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA. There were 240 colorectal cancer-specific deaths and 427 all-cause deaths. The median follow-up of censored patients was 10.8 years (interquartile range: 7.2, 15.1). Compared with patients with no or weak expression of CASR, the multivariable HRs for colorectal cancer-specific mortality were 0.80 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55-1.16] in patients with moderate CASR expression and 0.50 (95% CI: 0.32-0.79) in patients with intense CASR expression (p-trend = 0.003). The corresponding HRs for overall mortality were 0.85 (0.64-1.13) and 0.81 (0.58-1.12), respectively. Higher tumor CASR expression was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer-specific mortality. This finding needs further confirmation and if confirmed, may lead to better understanding of the role of CASR in colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Pathology, Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center of Princeton, Plainsboro, NJ.,Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ.,Clinical Investigations and Precision Therapeutics Research Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ.,Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Nairi Tchrakian
- Department of Pathology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Pathology, Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Department of Social Science and Public Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Michaela Bowden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY.,Yale Cancer Center & Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT.,Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Pathology, Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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46
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Boudot C, Hénaut L, Thiem U, Geraci S, Galante M, Saldanha P, Saidak Z, Six I, Clézardin P, Kamel S, Mentaverri R. Overexpression of a functional calcium-sensing receptor dramatically increases osteolytic potential of MDA-MB-231 cells in a mouse model of bone metastasis through epiregulin-mediated osteoprotegerin downregulation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56460-56472. [PMID: 28915604 PMCID: PMC5593575 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aims Osteolytic bone metastases are observed in advanced cases of breast cancer. In vitro data suggest that the activity of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) expressed by metastatic cells could potentiate their osteolytic potential. This study aimed to demonstrate in vivo the involvement of the CaSR in breast cancer cells osteolytic potential and to identify potential targets linked to CaSR activity. Methods and Results MDA-MB-231 stably transfected with plasmids containing either a full-length wild-type CaSR (CaSR-WT), or a functionally inactive dominant negative mutant (CaSR-DN) or an empty vector (EV) were intratibially injected into Balb/c-Nude mice. X-ray analysis performed 19 days after injection showed a dramatic increase of osteolytic lesions in mice injected with CaSR-WT-transfected cells as compared to mice injected with EV- or CaSR-DN-transfected cells. This was associated with decreased BV/TV ratio and increased tumor burden. Epiregulin, an EGF-like ligand, was identified by a DNA microarray as a possible candidate involved in CaSR-mediated osteolysis. Indeed, in vitro, CaSR overexpression increased both epiregulin expression and secretion as compared to EV- or CaSR-DN-transfected cells. Increased epiregulin expression was also detected in osteolytic bone lesions from mice injected with CaSR-WT-transfected MDA-MB-231. In vitro, exposure of osteoblastic cells (HOB and SaOS2) to exogenous epiregulin significantly decreased OPG mRNA expression. Exposure of osteoblastic cells to conditioned media prepared from CaSR-WT-transfected cells also decreased OPG expression. This effect was partially blocked after addition of an anti-epiregulin antibody. Conclusions Overexpression of a functional CaSR in metastatic breast cancer cells dramatically amplifies their osteolytic potential through epiregulin-mediated OPG downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Boudot
- Inserm U1088, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Lucie Hénaut
- Inserm U1088, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Ursula Thiem
- Inserm U1088, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Mariangela Galante
- Inserm U1088, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Paulo Saldanha
- Inserm U1088, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Zuzana Saidak
- Inserm U1088, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Isabelle Six
- Inserm U1088, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Said Kamel
- Inserm U1088, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Romuald Mentaverri
- Inserm U1088, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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47
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Fatty acid and mineral receptors as drug targets for gastrointestinal disorders. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:315-334. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient-sensing receptors, including fatty acid receptors (FFA1–FFA4), Ca2+-sensing receptors and Zn2+-sensing receptors, are involved in several biological processes. These receptors are abundantly expressed in the GI tract, where they have been shown to play crucial roles in regulating GI function. This review provides an overview of the GI functions of fatty acid and mineral receptors, including the regulation of gastric and enteroendocrine functions, GI motility, ion transport and cell growth. Recently, several lines of evidence have implicated these receptors as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of GI disorders, for example, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, metabolic syndrome and diarrheal diseases. A future perspective on drug discovery research targeting these receptors is discussed.
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48
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Müller WE, Tolba E, Ackermann M, Neufurth M, Wang S, Feng Q, Schröder HC, Wang X. Fabrication of amorphous strontium polyphosphate microparticles that induce mineralization of bone cells in vitro and in vivo. Acta Biomater 2017; 50:89-101. [PMID: 28017868 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the fabrication process of amorphous strontium-polyphosphate microparticles ("Sr-a-polyP-MP"). The effects of these particles on growth and gene expression were investigated with SaOS-2 cells as well as with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and compared with those particles prepared of amorphous calcium-polyphosphate ("Ca-a-polyP-MP") and of strontium salt. The results revealed a markedly higher stimulation of growth of MSC by "Sr-a-polyP-MP" compared to "Ca-a-polyP-MP" and a significant increase in mineralization of SaOS-2 cells, as well as an enhanced upregulation of the expression of the genes encoding for alkaline phosphatase and the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), likewise performed with SaOS-2 cells. On the other hand, "Sr-a-polyP-MP" only slightly changes the expression of the osteocyte-specific sclerostin, a negative regulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and an inhibitor of bone cell differentiation as well as of mineralization in SaOS-2 cells. In contrast, "Ca-a-polyP-MP" strongly increased the steady-state expression of the SOST (sclerostin) gene. In animal studies poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microspheres, containing polyP particles, were implanted into critical-size calvarial defects in rats. The results show that the amorphous Sr-polyP-containing microspheres caused an increased healing/mineralization of the bone defect even after short implantation periods of 8-12weeks, if compared to the β-tri-calcium phosphate control as well as to Ca-polyP. It is proposed that "Sr-a-polyP-MP" might elicit suitable properties to be applied as a regeneratively active implant material for bone repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this manuscript, we fabricated amorphous strontium-polyphosphate microparticles ("Sr-a-polyP-MP") and studied their effects on bone mineral formation in vitro as well as in vivo. In vitro, those particles substantially increased the expression of the genes encoding for alkaline phosphatase, the bone morphogenetic protein 2 and the mineralization. In vivo, the "Sr-a-polyP-MP" packed into PLGA microspheres and implanted into critical-size calvarial defects in rats resulted in a speeded up of the healing/mineralization of the bone defect. Those properties qualify Sr-a-polyP as a suitable biomaterial for bone regenerative implants.
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49
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Hernández-Bedolla MA, González-Domínguez E, Zavala-Barrera C, Gutiérrez-López TY, Hidalgo-Moyle JJ, Vázquez-Prado J, Sánchez-Torres C, Reyes-Cruz G. Calcium-sensing-receptor (CaSR) controls IL-6 secretion in metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by a dual mechanism revealed by agonist and inverse-agonist modulators. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 436:159-68. [PMID: 27477783 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
IL-6 is a tightly controlled pleiotropic cytokine with hormone-like properties whose levels are frequently altered in cancer and inflammatory diseases. In highly invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, basal activity of endogenously expressed calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) promotes IL-6 secretion. Interestingly, upon agonist stimulation, CaSR reduces IL-6 levels whereas it promotes secretion of various other cytokines and growth factors, raising intriguing questions about how CaSR signaling modulates IL-6 secretion. Here, using NPS-2143, which acted as an inverse agonist, we show that IL-6 secretion promoted by constitutive activity of CaSR is mechanistically linked to Gαs/PKC, MEK1/2 and mTORC1 signaling pathways, integrated by transactivated EGFR. On the other hand, agonist-stimulated CaSR engages in a Rab11a-dependent trafficking pathway critical to inhibit constitutive IL-6 secretion via the PI3K/AKT and PKC signaling pathways. These results support the emerging potential of CaSR as a therapeutic target in metastatic breast cancer whose pharmacological modulation would reduce IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Hernández-Bedolla
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado postal 14-740, México, D.F., 07360, Mexico
| | - Erika González-Domínguez
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado postal 14-740, México, D.F., 07360, Mexico
| | - Cesar Zavala-Barrera
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado postal 14-740, México, D.F., 07360, Mexico
| | - Tania Yareli Gutiérrez-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado postal 14-740, México, D.F., 07360, Mexico
| | - Joseline Janai Hidalgo-Moyle
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado postal 14-740, México, D.F., 07360, Mexico
| | - José Vázquez-Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado postal 14-740, México, D.F., 07360, Mexico
| | - Carmen Sánchez-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado postal 14-740, México, D.F., 07360, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado postal 14-740, México, D.F., 07360, Mexico.
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50
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Kim W, Wysolmerski JJ. Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Breast Physiology and Cancer. Front Physiol 2016; 7:440. [PMID: 27746743 PMCID: PMC5043011 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in normal breast epithelial cells and in breast cancer cells. During lactation, activation of the CaSR in mammary epithelial cells increases calcium transport into milk and inhibits parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) secretion into milk and into the circulation. The ability to sense changes in extracellular calcium allows the lactating breast to actively participate in the regulation of systemic calcium and bone metabolism, and to coordinate calcium usage with calcium availability during milk production. Interestingly, as compared to normal breast cells, in breast cancer cells, the regulation of PTHrP secretion by the CaSR becomes rewired due to a switch in its G-protein usage such that activation of the CaSR increases instead of decreases PTHrP production. In normal cells the CaSR couples to Gαi to inhibit cAMP and PTHrP production, whereas in breast cancer cells, it couples to Gαs to stimulate cAMP and PTHrP production. Activation of the CaSR on breast cancer cells regulates breast cancer cell proliferation, death and migration, in part, by stimulating PTHrP production. In this article, we discuss the biology of the CaSR in the normal breast and in breast cancer, and review recent findings suggesting that the CaSR activates a nuclear pathway of PTHrP action that stimulates cellular proliferation and inhibits cell death, helping cancer cells adapt to elevated extracellular calcium levels. Understanding the diverse actions mediated by the CaSR may help us better understand lactation physiology, breast cancer progression and osteolytic bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonnam Kim
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John J Wysolmerski
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
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