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Wei J, Gao C, Lu C, Wang L, Dong D, Sun M. The E2F family: a ray of dawn in cardiomyopathy. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05063-4. [PMID: 38985251 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are a group of heterogeneous diseases, characterized by abnormal structure and function of the myocardium. For many years, it has been a hot topic because of its high morbidity and mortality as well as its complicated pathogenesis. The E2Fs, a group of transcription factors found extensively in eukaryotes, play a crucial role in governing cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, meanwhile their deregulated activity can also cause a variety of diseases. Based on accumulating evidence, E2Fs play important roles in cardiomyopathies. In this review, we describe the structural and functional characteristics of the E2F family and its role in cardiomyocyte processes, with a focus on how E2Fs are associated with the onset and development of cardiomyopathies. Moreover, we discuss the great potential of E2Fs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, aiming to provide a reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Wei
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, No.36 Jinqiansong East Road, Shenyang, 110102, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Gao
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, No.36 Jinqiansong East Road, Shenyang, 110102, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxu Lu
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, No.36 Jinqiansong East Road, Shenyang, 110102, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110033, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Dong
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingli Sun
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, No.36 Jinqiansong East Road, Shenyang, 110102, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Li F, Yan J, Leng J, Yu T, Zhou H, Liu C, Huang W, Sun Q, Zhao W. Expression patterns of E2Fs identify tumor microenvironment features in human gastric cancer. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16911. [PMID: 38371373 PMCID: PMC10870925 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective E2F transcription factors are associated with tumor development, but their underlying mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. This study explored whether E2Fs determine the prognosis or immune and therapy responses of GC patients. Methods E2F regulation patterns from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were systematically investigated and E2F patterns were correlated with the characteristics of cellular infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). A principal component analysis was used to construct an E2F scoring model based on prognosis-related differential genes to quantify the E2F regulation of a single tumor. This scoring model was then tested in patient cohorts to predict effects of immunotherapy. Results Based on the expression profiles of E2F transcription factors in GC, two different regulatory patterns of E2F were identified. TME and survival differences emerged between the two clusters. Lower survival rates in the Cluster2 group were attributed to limited immune function due to stromal activation. The E2F scoring model was then constructed based on the E2F-related prognostic genes. Evidence supported the E2F score as an independent and effective prognostic factor and predictor of immunotherapy response. A gene-set analysis correlated E2F score with the characteristics of immune cell infiltration within the TME. The immunotherapy cohort database showed that patients with a higher E2F score demonstrated better survival and immune responses. Conclusions This study found that differences in GC prognosis might be related to the E2F patterns in the TME. The E2F scoring system developed in this study has practical value as a predictor of survival and treatment response in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanni Li
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Leng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianyu Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huayou Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenbo Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Hung MJ, Yeh CT, Kounis NG, Koniari I, Hu P, Hung MY. Coronary Artery Spasm-Related Heart Failure Syndrome: Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087530. [PMID: 37108691 PMCID: PMC10145866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome that becomes worse over time, certain cases can be reversed with appropriate treatments. While coronary artery spasm (CAS) is still underappreciated and may be misdiagnosed, ischemia due to coronary artery disease and CAS is becoming the single most frequent cause of HF worldwide. CAS could lead to syncope, HF, arrhythmias, and myocardial ischemic syndromes such as asymptomatic ischemia, rest and/or effort angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden death. Albeit the clinical significance of asymptomatic CAS has been undervalued, affected individuals compared with those with classic Heberden's angina pectoris are at higher risk of syncope, life-threatening arrhythmias, and sudden death. As a result, a prompt diagnosis implements appropriate treatment strategies, which have significant life-changing consequences to prevent CAS-related complications, such as HF. Although an accurate diagnosis depends mainly on coronary angiography and provocative testing, clinical characteristics may help decision-making. Because the majority of CAS-related HF (CASHF) patients present with less severe phenotypes than overt HF, it underscores the importance of understanding risk factors correlated with CAS to prevent the future burden of HF. This narrative literature review summarises and discusses separately the epidemiology, clinical features, pathophysiology, and management of patients with CASHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jui Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung City 24201, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Continuing Education Program of Food Biotechnology Applications, College of Science and Engineering, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Nicholas G Kounis
- Department of Cardiology, University of Patras Medical School, 26221 Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Koniari
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK
| | - Patrick Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Riverside Medical Clinic, Riverside, CA 92506, USA
| | - Ming-Yow Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
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4
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Yildiz E, El Alam G, Perino A, Jalil A, Denechaud PD, Huber K, Fajas L, Auwerx J, Sorrentino G, Schoonjans K. Hepatic lipid overload triggers biliary epithelial cell activation via E2Fs. eLife 2023; 12:81926. [PMID: 36876915 PMCID: PMC10030116 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During severe or chronic hepatic injury, biliary epithelial cells (BECs) undergo rapid activation into proliferating progenitors, a crucial step required to establish a regenerative process known as ductular reaction (DR). While DR is a hallmark of chronic liver diseases, including advanced stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the early events underlying BEC activation are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that BECs readily accumulate lipids during high-fat diet feeding in mice and upon fatty acid treatment in BEC-derived organoids. Lipid overload induces metabolic rewiring to support the conversion of adult cholangiocytes into reactive BECs. Mechanistically, we found that lipid overload activates the E2F transcription factors in BECs, which drive cell cycle progression while promoting glycolytic metabolism. These findings demonstrate that fat overload is sufficient to reprogram BECs into progenitor cells in the early stages of NAFLD and provide new insights into the mechanistic basis of this process, revealing unexpected connections between lipid metabolism, stemness, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Yildiz
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gaby El Alam
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Jalil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Katharina Huber
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- INSERM, Occitanie, Montpellier, France
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Cellular signals integrate cell cycle and metabolic control in cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:397-423. [PMID: 37061338 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors are the small peptides that can promote growth, differentiation, and survival of most living cells. However, aberrant activation of receptor tyrosine kinases by GFs can generate oncogenic signals, resulting in oncogenic transformation. Accumulating evidence support a link between GF/RTK signaling through the major signaling pathways, Ras/Erk and PI3K/Akt, and cell cycle progression. In response to GF signaling, the quiescent cells in the G0 stage can re-enter the cell cycle and become the proliferative stage. While in the proliferative stage, tumor cells undergo profound changes in their metabolism to support biomass production and bioenergetic requirements. Accumulating data show that the cell cycle regulators, specifically cyclin D, cyclin B, Cdk2, Cdk4, and Cdk6, and anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C-Cdh1) play critical roles in modulating various metabolic pathways. These cell cycle regulators can regulate metabolic enzyme activities through post-translational mechanisms or the transcriptional factors that control the expression of the metabolic genes. This fine-tune control allows only the relevant metabolic pathways to be active in a particular phase of the cell cycle, thereby providing suitable amounts of biosynthetic precursors available during the proliferative stage. The imbalance of metabolites in each cell cycle phase can induce cell cycle arrest followed by p53-induced apoptosis.
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Jing Z, Liu Q, He X, Jia Z, Xu Z, Yang B, Liu P. NCAPD3 enhances Warburg effect through c-myc and E2F1 and promotes the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:198. [PMID: 35689245 PMCID: PMC9188166 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
NCAPD3 is one of the three non-SMC subunits of condensin II complex, which plays an important role in the chromosome condensation and segregation during mitosis. Notably, elevated levels of NCAPD3 are found in many somatic cancers. However, the clinical role, biological functions of NCAPD3 in cancers especially in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly elucidated.
Methods
Clinical CRC and adjacent normal tissues were used to confirm the expression of NCAPD3. The association of NCAPD3 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and patient outcomes were analyzed by using online database. In vivo subcutaneous tumor xenograft model, NCAPD3 gene knockout following azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced tumor mouse model, Co-IP, western blot, qRT-PCR, IHC, ChIP assays and cell functional assays were used to investigate the biological functions of NCAPD3 in CRC and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Results
NCAPD3 was overexpressed in CRC tissues and positively correlated with poor prognosis of CRC patients. NCAPD3 knockout suppressed CRC development in AOM/DSS induced and xenograft mice models. Moreover, we found that NCAPD3 promoted aerobic glycolysis in CRC. Mechanistically, NCAPD3 up-regulated the level of c-Myc and interacted with c-Myc to recruit more c-Myc to the gene promoter of its downstream glycolytic regulators GLUT1, HK2, ENO1, PKM2 and LDHA, and finally enhanced cellular aerobic glycolysis. Also, NCAPD3 increased the level of E2F1 and interacted with E2F1 to recruit more E2F1 to the promoter regions of PDK1 and PDK3 genes, which resulted in the inhibition of PDH activity and TCA cycle.
Conclusions
Our data demonstrated that NCAPD3 promoted glucose metabolism reprogramming and enhanced Warburg effect in colorectal tumorigenesis and CRC progression. These findings reveal a novel mechanism underlying NCAPD3 mediated CRC cell growth and provide new targets for CRC treatment.
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Visceral Adipose Tissue E2F1-miRNA206/210 Pathway Associates with Type 2 Diabetes in Humans with Extreme Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193046. [PMID: 36231008 PMCID: PMC9562862 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Up-regulated expression of transcription-factor E2F1 in human visceral adipose tissue (VAT) characterizes a dysmetabolic obesity sub-phenotype. An E2F1-miRNA network has been described in multiple cancers. Here we investigated whether elevated VAT-E2F1 in obesity is associated with VAT-miRNA alterations similar to, or distinct from, those described in cancer. Furthermore, we assessed if E2F1-associated miRNA changes may contribute to the link between high- VAT-E2F1 and a dysmetabolic obesity phenotype. Methods: We assembled a cohort of patients with obesity and high-VAT-E2F1, matched by age, sex, ±BMI to patients with low-VAT-E2F1, with and without obesity (8 patients/groupX3 groups). We performed Nanostring©-based miRNA profiling of VAT samples from all 24 patients. Candidate E2F1-related miRNAs were validated by qPCR in an independent cohort of patients with extreme obesity, with or without type-2-diabetes (T2DM) (n = 20). Bioinformatic tools and manipulation of E2F1 expression in cells were used to establish the plausibility of the functional VAT-E2F1-miRNA network in obesity. Results: Among n = 798 identified miRNAs, 17 were differentially expressed in relation to E2F1 and not to obesity itself. No evidence for the cancer-related E2F1-miRNA network was identified in human VAT in obesity. In HEK293-cells, overexpression/downregulation of E2F1 correspondingly altered the expression of miRNA-206 and miRNA-210-5p, two miRNAs with reported metabolic functions consistent with those of E2F1. In VAT from both cohorts, the expression of both miRNA-206 and 210-5p intercorrelated, and correlated with the expression of E2F1. In cohort 1 we did not detect significant associations with biochemical parameters. In cohort 2 of patients with extreme obesity, all those with high VAT-E2F1 showed a diabetes-complicated obesity phenotype and higher expression of miRNA-206 and miRNA-210-5p, which also correlated with fasting glucose levels (both miRNAs) and fasting insulin (miRNA-210-5p). Conclusions: Whilst the previously described cancer-related E2F1-miRNA network does not appear to operate in VAT in obesity, miRNAs-206 and 210-5p may link high-E2F1 expression in VAT with diabetes-complicated extreme obesity phenotype.
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8
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Liu YH, Hu CM, Hsu YS, Lee WH. Interplays of glucose metabolism and KRAS mutation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:817. [PMID: 36151074 PMCID: PMC9508091 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and deadliest cancer worldwide. The primary reasons for this are the lack of early detection methods and targeted therapy. Emerging evidence highlights the metabolic addiction of cancer cells as a potential target to combat PDAC. Oncogenic mutations of KRAS are the most common triggers that drive glucose uptake and utilization via metabolic reprogramming to support PDAC growth. Conversely, high glucose levels in the pancreatic microenvironment trigger genome instability and de novo mutations, including KRASG12D, in pancreatic cells through metabolic reprogramming. Here, we review convergent and diverse metabolic networks related to oncogenic KRAS mutations between PDAC initiation and progression, emphasizing the interplay among oncogenic mutations, glucose metabolic reprogramming, and the tumor microenvironment. Recognizing cancer-related glucose metabolism will provide a better strategy to prevent and treat the high risk PDAC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huei Liu
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.411508.90000 0004 0572 9415Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Sheng Hsu
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hwa Lee
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
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Yao Y, Gu X, Xu X, Ge S, Jia R. Novel insights into RB1 mutation. Cancer Lett 2022; 547:215870. [PMID: 35964818 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1) decades ago, RB1 has been regarded as a prototype tumor suppressor gene providing a paradigm for tumor genetic research. Constant research has updated the understanding of RB1-related pathways and their impact on tumor and nontumor diseases. Mutation of RB1 gene has been observed in multiple types of malignant tumors including prostate cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and almost every familial and sporadic case of retinoblastoma. Even if well-known and long-investigated, the application potential of RB1 mutation has not been fully tapped. In this review, we focus on the mechanism underlying RB1 mutation during oncogenesis. Therapeutically, we have further discussed potential clinical strategies by targeting RB1-mutated cancers. The unsolved problems and prospects of RB1 mutation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
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Lin WH, Jacobs-Wagner C. Connecting single-cell ATP dynamics to overflow metabolism, cell growth, and the cell cycle in Escherichia coli. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3911-3924.e4. [PMID: 35961315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an abundant and essential metabolite that cells consume and regenerate in large amounts to support growth. Although numerous studies have inferred the intracellular concentration of ATP in bacterial cultures, what happens in individual bacterial cells under stable growth conditions is less clear. Here, we use the QUEEN-2m biosensor to quantify ATP dynamics in single Escherichia coli cells in relation to their growth rate, metabolism, cell cycle, and cell lineage. We find that ATP dynamics are more complex than expected from population studies and are associated with growth-rate variability. Under stable nutrient-rich condition, cells can display large fluctuations in ATP level that are partially coordinated with the cell cycle. Abrogation of aerobic acetate fermentation (overflow metabolism) through genetic deletion considerably reduces both the amplitude of ATP level fluctuations and the cell-cycle trend. Similarly, growth in media in which acetate fermentation is lower or absent results in the reduction of ATP level fluctuation and cell-cycle trend. This suggests that overflow metabolism exhibits temporal dynamics, which contributes to fluctuating ATP levels during growth. Remarkably, at the single-cell level, growth rate negatively correlates with the amplitude of ATP fluctuation for each tested condition, linking ATP dynamics to growth-rate heterogeneity in clonal populations. Our work highlights the importance of single-cell analysis in studying metabolism and its implication to phenotypic diversity and cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Chemistry, Engineering, Medicine for Human Health Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christine Jacobs-Wagner
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Chemistry, Engineering, Medicine for Human Health Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
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Mandigo AC, Shafi AA, McCann JJ, Yuan W, Laufer TS, Bogdan D, Gallagher L, Dylgjeri E, Semenova G, Vasilevskaya IA, Schiewer MJ, McNair CM, de Bono JS, Knudsen KE. Novel Oncogenic Transcription Factor Cooperation in RB-Deficient Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:221-234. [PMID: 34625422 PMCID: PMC9397633 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) is a critical regulator of E2F-dependent transcription, controlling a multitude of protumorigenic networks including but not limited to cell-cycle control. Here, genome-wide assessment of E2F1 function after RB loss in isogenic models of prostate cancer revealed unexpected repositioning and cooperation with oncogenic transcription factors, including the major driver of disease progression, the androgen receptor (AR). Further investigation revealed that observed AR/E2F1 cooperation elicited novel transcriptional networks that promote cancer phenotypes, especially as related to evasion of cell death. These observations were reflected in assessment of human disease, indicating the clinical relevance of the AR/E2F1 cooperome in prostate cancer. Together, these studies reveal new mechanisms by which RB loss induces cancer progression and highlight the importance of understanding the targets of E2F1 function. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies that RB loss in prostate cancer drives cooperation between AR and E2F1 as coregulators of transcription, which is linked to the progression of advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Mandigo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ayesha A Shafi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer J McCann
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Yuan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Talya S Laufer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Denisa Bogdan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lewis Gallagher
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emanuela Dylgjeri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Galina Semenova
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Irina A Vasilevskaya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chris M McNair
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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12
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Mandigo AC, Tomlins SA, Kelly WK, Knudsen KE. Relevance of pRB Loss in Human Malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:255-264. [PMID: 34407969 PMCID: PMC9306333 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRB) is a known regulator of cell-cycle control; however, recent studies identified critical functions for pRB in regulating cancer-associated gene networks that influence the DNA damage response, apoptosis, and cell metabolism. Understanding the impact of these pRB functions on cancer development and progression in the clinical setting will be essential, given the prevalence of pRB loss of function across disease types. Moreover, the current state of evidence supports the concept that pRB loss results in pleiotropic effects distinct from tumor proliferation. Here, the implications of pRB loss (and resultant pathway deregulation) on disease progression and therapeutic response will be reviewed, based on clinical observation. Developing a better understanding of the pRB-regulated pathways that underpin the aggressive features of pRB-deficient tumors will be essential for further developing pRB as a biomarker of disease progression and for stratifying pRB-deficient tumors into more effective treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Mandigo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott A. Tomlins
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - William K. Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen E. Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Corresponding Author: Karen E. Knudsen, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, BLSB 1050, Philadelphia, PA 19107. Phone: 215-503-5692; E-mail:
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13
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Jane EP, Premkumar DR, Rajasundaram D, Thambireddy S, Reslink MC, Agnihotri S, Pollack IF. Reversing tozasertib resistance in glioma through inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:219-249. [PMID: 34058053 PMCID: PMC8732347 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents limits their effectiveness and can cause cancer treatment to fail. Because enzymes in the aurora kinase family are vital regulators of several mitotic events, we reasoned that targeting these kinases with tozasertib, a pan-aurora kinase inhibitor, would not only cause cytokinesis defects, but also induce cell death in high-grade pediatric and adult glioma cell lines. We found that tozasertib induced cell cycle arrest, increased mitochondrial permeability and reactive oxygen species generation, inhibited cell growth and migration, and promoted cellular senescence and pro-apoptotic activity. However, sustained exposure to tozasertib at clinically relevant concentrations conferred resistance, which led us to examine the mechanistic basis for the emergence of drug resistance. RNA-sequence analysis revealed a significant upregulation of the gene encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 4 (PDK4), a pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) inhibitory kinase that plays a crucial role in the control of metabolic flexibility under various physiological conditions. Upregulation of PDK1, PDK2, PDK3, or PDK4 protein levels was positively correlated with tozasertib-induced resistance through inhibition of PDH activity. Tozasertib-resistant cells exhibited increased mitochondrial mass as measured by 10-N-nonyl-Acridine Orange. Inhibition of PDK with dichloroacetate resulted in increased mitochondrial permeability and cell death in tozasertib-resistant glioma cell lines. Based on these results, we believe that PDK is a selective target for the tozasertib resistance phenotype and should be considered for further preclinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther P Jane
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Daniel R Premkumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, PA, USA
| | | | - Swetha Thambireddy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Matthew C Reslink
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, PA, USA
| | - Ian F Pollack
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, PA, USA
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14
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p107 mediated mitochondrial function controls muscle stem cell proliferative fates. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5977. [PMID: 34645816 PMCID: PMC8514468 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle diseases and aging are associated with impaired myogenic stem cell self-renewal and fewer proliferating progenitors (MPs). Importantly, distinct metabolic states induced by glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation have been connected to MP proliferation and differentiation. However, how these energy-provisioning mechanisms cooperate remain obscure. Herein, we describe a mechanism by which mitochondrial-localized transcriptional co-repressor p107 regulates MP proliferation. We show p107 directly interacts with the mitochondrial DNA, repressing mitochondrial-encoded gene transcription. This reduces ATP production by limiting electron transport chain complex formation. ATP output, controlled by the mitochondrial function of p107, is directly associated with the cell cycle rate. Sirt1 activity, dependent on the cytoplasmic glycolysis product NAD+, directly interacts with p107, impeding its mitochondrial localization. The metabolic control of MP proliferation, driven by p107 mitochondrial function, establishes a cell cycle paradigm that might extend to other dividing cell types. The connection between cell cycle, metabolic state and mitochondrial activity is unclear. Here, the authors show that p107 represses mitochondrial transcription and ATP output in response to glycolytic byproducts, causing metabolic control of the cell cycle rate in myogenic progenitors.
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15
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Zappia MP, Guarner A, Kellie-Smith N, Rogers A, Morris R, Nicolay B, Boukhali M, Haas W, Dyson NJ, Frolov MV. E2F/Dp inactivation in fat body cells triggers systemic metabolic changes. eLife 2021; 10:67753. [PMID: 34251339 PMCID: PMC8298092 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The E2F transcription factors play a critical role in controlling cell fate. In Drosophila, the inactivation of E2F in either muscle or fat body results in lethality, suggesting an essential function for E2F in these tissues. However, the cellular and organismal consequences of inactivating E2F in these tissues are not fully understood. Here, we show that the E2F loss exerts both tissue-intrinsic and systemic effects. The proteomic profiling of E2F-deficient muscle and fat body revealed that E2F regulates carbohydrate metabolism, a conclusion further supported by metabolomic profiling. Intriguingly, animals with E2F-deficient fat body had a lower level of circulating trehalose and reduced storage of fat. Strikingly, a sugar supplement was sufficient to restore both trehalose and fat levels, and subsequently rescued animal lethality. Collectively, our data highlight the unexpected complexity of E2F mutant phenotype, which is a result of combining both tissue-specific and systemic changes that contribute to animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Guarner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
| | | | - Alice Rogers
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Robert Morris
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
| | - Brandon Nicolay
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
| | - Myriam Boukhali
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
| | - Wilhelm Haas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
| | - Nicholas J Dyson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
| | - Maxim V Frolov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
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16
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Prusinkiewicz MA, Mymryk JS. Metabolic Control by DNA Tumor Virus-Encoded Proteins. Pathogens 2021; 10:560. [PMID: 34066504 PMCID: PMC8148605 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses co-opt a multitude of host cell metabolic processes in order to meet the energy and substrate requirements for successful viral replication. However, due to their limited coding capacity, viruses must enact most, if not all, of these metabolic changes by influencing the function of available host cell regulatory proteins. Typically, certain viral proteins, some of which can function as viral oncoproteins, interact with these cellular regulatory proteins directly in order to effect changes in downstream metabolic pathways. This review highlights recent research into how four different DNA tumor viruses, namely human adenovirus, human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's associated-sarcoma herpesvirus, can influence host cell metabolism through their interactions with either MYC, p53 or the pRb/E2F complex. Interestingly, some of these host cell regulators can be activated or inhibited by the same virus, depending on which viral oncoprotein is interacting with the regulatory protein. This review highlights how MYC, p53 and pRb/E2F regulate host cell metabolism, followed by an outline of how each of these DNA tumor viruses control their activities. Understanding how DNA tumor viruses regulate metabolism through viral oncoproteins could assist in the discovery or repurposing of metabolic inhibitors for antiviral therapy or treatment of virus-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe S. Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
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17
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Mandigo AC, Yuan W, Xu K, Gallagher P, Pang A, Guan YF, Shafi AA, Thangavel C, Sheehan B, Bogdan D, Paschalis A, McCann JJ, Laufer TS, Gordon N, Vasilevskaya IA, Dylgjeri E, Chand SN, Schiewer MJ, Domingo-Domenech J, Den RB, Holst J, McCue PA, de Bono JS, McNair C, Knudsen KE. RB/E2F1 as a Master Regulator of Cancer Cell Metabolism in Advanced Disease. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2334-2353. [PMID: 33879449 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor protein is a critical step in reprogramming biological networks that drive cancer progression, although mechanistic insight has been largely limited to the impact of RB loss on cell-cycle regulation. Here, isogenic modeling of RB loss identified disease stage-specific rewiring of E2F1 function, providing the first-in-field mapping of the E2F1 cistrome and transcriptome after RB loss across disease progression. Biochemical and functional assessment using both in vitro and in vivo models identified an unexpected, prominent role for E2F1 in regulation of redox metabolism after RB loss, driving an increase in the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione, specific to advanced disease. These E2F1-dependent events resulted in protection from reactive oxygen species in response to therapeutic intervention. On balance, these findings reveal novel pathways through which RB loss promotes cancer progression and highlight potentially new nodes of intervention for treating RB-deficient cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies stage-specific consequences of RB loss across cancer progression that have a direct impact on tumor response to clinically utilized therapeutics. The study herein is the first to investigate the effect of RB loss on global metabolic regulation and link RB/E2F1 to redox control in multiple advanced diseases.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2113.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Mandigo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Yuan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kexin Xu
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Peter Gallagher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Angel Pang
- School of Medical Sciences and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yi Fang Guan
- School of Medical Sciences and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ayesha A Shafi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chellappagounder Thangavel
- Departments of Urology, Medical Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Beshara Sheehan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Denisa Bogdan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alec Paschalis
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer J McCann
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Talya S Laufer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicolas Gordon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Irina A Vasilevskaya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emanuela Dylgjeri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saswati N Chand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Robert B Den
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Departments of Urology, Medical Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeff Holst
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter A McCue
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher McNair
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Departments of Urology, Medical Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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18
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Song X, Liu J, Kuang F, Chen X, Zeh HJ, Kang R, Kroemer G, Xie Y, Tang D. PDK4 dictates metabolic resistance to ferroptosis by suppressing pyruvate oxidation and fatty acid synthesis. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108767. [PMID: 33626342 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although induction of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, has emerged as an anticancer strategy, the metabolic basis of ferroptotic death remains poorly elucidated. Here, we show that glucose determines the sensitivity of human pancreatic ductal carcinoma cells to ferroptosis induced by pharmacologically inhibiting system xc-. Mechanistically, SLC2A1-mediated glucose uptake promotes glycolysis and, thus, facilitates pyruvate oxidation, fuels the tricyclic acid cycle, and stimulates fatty acid synthesis, which finally facilitates lipid peroxidation-dependent ferroptotic death. Screening of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) library targeting metabolic enzymes leads to identification of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) as the top gene responsible for ferroptosis resistance. PDK4 inhibits ferroptosis by blocking pyruvate dehydrogenase-dependent pyruvate oxidation. Inhibiting PDK4 enhances the anticancer activity of system xc- inhibitors in vitro and in suitable preclinical mouse models (e.g., a high-fat diet diabetes model). These findings reveal metabolic reprogramming as a potential target for overcoming ferroptosis resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Diet, High-Fat
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Energy Metabolism
- Fatty Acids/biosynthesis
- Ferroptosis/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glucose Transporter Type 1/genetics
- Glucose Transporter Type 1/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase/genetics
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase/metabolism
- Pyruvic Acid/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Song
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Feimei Kuang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1138, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yangchun Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China.
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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19
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CDK2 limits the highly energetic secretory program of mature β cells by restricting PEP cycle-dependent K ATP channel closure. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108690. [PMID: 33503433 PMCID: PMC7882066 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hallmarks of mature β cells are restricted proliferation and a highly energetic secretory state. Paradoxically, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is synthesized throughout adulthood, its cytosolic localization raising the likelihood of cell cycle-independent functions. In the absence of any changes in β cell mass, maturity, or proliferation, genetic deletion of Cdk2 in adult β cells enhanced insulin secretion from isolated islets and improved glucose tolerance in vivo. At the single β cell level, CDK2 restricts insulin secretion by increasing KATP conductance, raising the set point for membrane depolarization in response to activation of the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) cycle with mitochondrial fuels. In parallel with reduced β cell recruitment, CDK2 restricts oxidative glucose metabolism while promoting glucose-dependent amplification of insulin secretion. This study provides evidence of essential, non-canonical functions of CDK2 in the secretory pathways of quiescent β cells. Despite loss of proliferative capacity with age, mature β cells continually synthesize CDK2. Sdao et al. demonstrate that CDK2 depletion in adult β cells improves glucose tolerance in vivo. By augmenting PEP cycle-dependent KATP channel closure, CDK2 inactivation lowers the set point for membrane depolarization, augmenting oxidative metabolism and insulin secretion.
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20
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Maixner N, Pecht T, Haim Y, Chalifa-Caspi V, Goldstein N, Tarnovscki T, Liberty IF, Kirshtein B, Golan R, Berner O, Monsonego A, Bashan N, Blüher M, Rudich A. A TRAIL-TL1A Paracrine Network Involving Adipocytes, Macrophages, and Lymphocytes Induces Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Downstream of E2F1 in Human Obesity. Diabetes 2020; 69:2310-2323. [PMID: 32732304 PMCID: PMC7576574 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated expression of E2F1 in adipocyte fraction of human visceral adipose tissue (hVAT) associates with a poor cardiometabolic profile. We hypothesized that beyond directly activating autophagy and MAP3K5 (ASK)-MAP kinase signaling, E2F1 governs a distinct transcriptome that contributes to adipose tissue and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. We performed RNA sequencing of hVAT samples from age-, sex-, and BMI-matched patients, all obese, whose visceral E2F1 protein expression was either high (E2F1high) or low (E2F1low). Tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) members, including TRAIL (TNFSF10), TL1A (TNFSF15), and their receptors, were enriched in E2F1high While TRAIL was equally expressed in adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction (SVF), TL1A was mainly expressed in SVF, and TRAIL-induced TL1A was attributed to CD4+ and CD8+ subclasses of hVAT T cells. In human adipocytes, TL1A enhanced basal and impaired insulin-inhibitable lipolysis and altered adipokine secretion, and in human macrophages it induced foam cell biogenesis and M1 polarization. Two independent human cohorts confirmed associations between TL1A and TRAIL expression in hVAT and higher leptin and IL6 serum concentrations, diabetes status, and hVAT-macrophage lipid content. Jointly, we propose an intra-adipose tissue E2F1-associated TNFSF paracrine loop engaging lymphocytes, macrophages, and adipocytes, ultimately contributing to adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitzan Maixner
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tal Pecht
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yulia Haim
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Vered Chalifa-Caspi
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nir Goldstein
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tania Tarnovscki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Idit F Liberty
- The Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Soroka Academic Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Boris Kirshtein
- The Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Soroka Academic Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Rachel Golan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Omer Berner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Monsonego
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nava Bashan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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21
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Boon R, Silveira GG, Mostoslavsky R. Nuclear metabolism and the regulation of the epigenome. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1190-1203. [PMID: 33046909 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism has emerged as a major biological node governing cellular behaviour. Metabolic pathways fuel cellular energy needs, providing basic chemical molecules to sustain cellular homeostasis, proliferation and function. Changes in nutrient consumption or availability therefore can result in complete reprogramming of cellular metabolism towards stabilizing core metabolite pools, such as ATP, S-adenosyl methionine, acetyl-CoA, NAD/NADP and α-ketoglutarate. Because these metabolites underlie a variety of essential metabolic reactions, metabolism has evolved to operate in separate subcellular compartments through diversification of metabolic enzyme complexes, oscillating metabolic activity and physical separation of metabolite pools. Given that these same core metabolites are also consumed by chromatin modifiers in the establishment of epigenetic signatures, metabolite consumption on and release from chromatin directly influence cellular metabolism and gene expression. In this Review, we highlight recent studies describing the mechanisms determining nuclear metabolism and governing the redistribution of metabolites between the nuclear and non-nuclear compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Boon
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giorgia G Silveira
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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22
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Ertosun MG, DİlmaÇ S, Hapİl FZ, TanriÖver G, KÖksoy S, ÖzeŞ ON. Regulation of E2F1 activity via PKA-mediated phosphorylations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 44:215-229. [PMID: 33110360 PMCID: PMC7585165 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
E2F1 becomes activated during the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and posttranslational modifications modulate its activity. Activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) by many ligands induces the activation of adenylate cyclases and the production of cAMP, which activates the PKA enzyme. Activated PKA elicits its biological effect by phosphorylating the target proteins containing serine or threonine amino acids in the RxxS/T motif. Since PKA activation negatively regulates cell proliferation, we thought that activated PKA would negatively affect the activity of E2F1. In line with this, when we analyzed the amino acid sequence of E2F1, we found 3 hypothetical consensus PKA phosphorylation sites located at 127-130, 232-235, and 361-364 positions and RYET, RLLS, and RMGS sequences. After showing the binding and phosphorylation of E2F1 by PKA, we converted the codons of Threonine-130, Serine-235, and Serine-364 to Alanine and Glutamic acid codons on the eukaryotic E2F1 expression vector we had previously created. We confirmed the phosphorylation of T130, S235, and S364 by developing monoclonal antibodies against phospho-specific forms of these sites and showed that their phosphorylation is cell cycle-dependent. According to our results, PKA-mediated phosphorylation of E2F1 by PKA inhibits proliferation and glucose uptake and induces caspase-3 activation and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gökhan Ertosun
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya Turkey
| | - Sayra DİlmaÇ
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya Turkey
| | - Fatma Zehra Hapİl
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya Turkey
| | - Gamze TanriÖver
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya Turkey
| | - Sadi KÖksoy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya Turkey
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Huber K, Mestres-Arenas A, Fajas L, Leal-Esteban LC. The multifaceted role of cell cycle regulators in the coordination of growth and metabolism. FEBS J 2020; 288:3813-3833. [PMID: 33030287 PMCID: PMC8359344 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adapting to changes in nutrient availability and environmental conditions is a fundamental property of cells. This adaptation requires a multi‐directional coordination between metabolism, growth, and the cell cycle regulators (consisting of the family of cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), their regulatory subunits known as cyclins, CDK inhibitors, the retinoblastoma family members, and the E2F transcription factors). Deciphering the mechanisms accountable for this coordination is crucial for understanding various patho‐physiological processes. While it is well established that metabolism and growth affect cell division, this review will focus on recent observations that demonstrate how cell cycle regulators coordinate metabolism, cell cycle progression, and growth. We will discuss how the cell cycle regulators directly regulate metabolic enzymes and pathways and summarize their involvement in the endolysosomal pathway and in the functions and dynamics of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Huber
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Liu M, Liu W, Qin Y, Xu X, Yu X, Zhuo Q, Ji S. Regulation of metabolic reprogramming by tumor suppressor genes in pancreatic cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pancreatic cancer continues to be one of the most aggressive malignant tumors. Work in recent years in cancer molecular biology has revealed that metabolic reprogramming is an additional hallmark of cancer that is involved in the pathogenesis of cancers, and is intricately linked to gene mutations.
Main text
However, though oncogenes such as KRAS and c-Myc play important roles in the process, and have been extensively studied, no substantial improvements in the prognosis of pancreatic cancer have seen. Therefore, some scientists have tried to explain the mechanisms of abnormal cancer metabolism from the perspective of tumor suppressor genes. In this paper, we reviewed researches about how metabolic reprogramming was regulated by tumor suppressor genes in pancreatic cancer and their clinical implications.
Conclusion
Abnormal metabolism and genetic mutations are mutually causal and complementary in tumor initiation and development. A clear understanding of how metabolic reprogramming is regulated by the mutated genes would provide important insights into the pathogenesis and ultimately treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Zhao Z, Ji M, Wang Q, He N, Li Y. miR-16-5p/PDK4-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming Is Involved in Chemoresistance of Cervical Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 17:509-517. [PMID: 32577500 PMCID: PMC7301169 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in women worldwide. Therefore, investigation about molecular pathogenesis and related therapy targets of cervical cancer is an emergency. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the chemoresistance of cervical cancer were investigated by the use of doxorubicin (Dox)-resistant HeLa/Dox and SiHa/Dox cells. Our data showed that chemoresistant cells exhibited significantly higher glucose consumption, lactate production rate, and ATP levels than that of their parental cells. Among metabolic and glycolytic related genes, the expression of PDK4 was upregulated in Dox-resistant cells. Knockdown of PDK4 can decrease glucose consumption, lactate production rate, and ATP levels and further sensitize resistant cervical cancer cells to Dox treatment. By screening microRNAs (miRNAs), which can regulate expression of PDK4, we found that miR-16-5p was downregulated in chemoresistant cells. Overexpression of miR-16-5p can decrease the expression of PDK4 and sensitize the resistant cells to Dox treatment. Xenograft models confirmed that knockdown of PDK4 can increase chemotherapy efficiency for in vivo tumor growth. Collectively, our data suggested that miR-16-5p/PDK4-mediated metabolic reprogramming is involved in chemoresistance of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Mei Ji
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qianqing Wang
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Nannan He
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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26
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Tripathy A, Thakurela S, Sahu MK, Uthansingh K, Singh A, Narayan J, Ajay AK, Singh V, Kumari R. Fatty changes associated with N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma: a role of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Genes Cancer 2020; 11:66-82. [PMID: 32577158 PMCID: PMC7289904 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds and Aims: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality across the world. Non-viral etiological factors including obesity and metabolic syndrome have now become prevalent cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway is activated in hepatocellular carcinoma but its role in regulation of lipogenic molecules during the hepatocarcinogenesis is not known. The aim of present study is to explore the role of SHH pathway in fatty changes associated with hepatocarcinogenesis at different stages and to further correlate the expression of SHH with lipogenic pathways. Results: Our results demonstrated significant increase in lipidosis and fibrosis in DEN+CCl4 treated animals. It was simultaneously associated with the enhanced expression level of SHH, E2F1, adiponectin, and lipogenic molecules in DEN+CCl4 treated animals. These results were also corroborated with the similar findings in higher stage patients’ biospecimens. Methods: N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) and Carbon TetraChloride (CCl4) induced hepatocellular acrcinoma model in male Wistar rats were established to study the expression level of SHH pathway and associated fatty changes during different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. The expression levels of SHH, E2F1, and lipogenic molecules were checked at different stages of hepatocellular carcinoma. These results were further compared with biospecimens of hepatocellular carcinoma patients of different stages. Conclusions: Our results revealed an unknown aspect of SHH pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis via its control over lipogenesis. It gives insight into the lipogenic properties of DEN+CCl4 induced rodent hepatocarcinogenesis model and how SHH pathway operate to arbitrate this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Tripathy
- Disease Biology Laboratory, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sudhir Thakurela
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Sahu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kanishka Uthansingh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ayaskanta Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jimmy Narayan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Vinay Singh
- Disease Biology Laboratory, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ratna Kumari
- Disease Biology Laboratory, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
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Loss of Rb1 Enhances Glycolytic Metabolism in Kras-Driven Lung Tumors In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010237. [PMID: 31963621 PMCID: PMC7016860 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated metabolism is a hallmark of cancer cells and is driven in part by specific genetic alterations in various oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is a tumor suppressor that canonically regulates cell cycle progression; however, recent studies have highlighted a functional role for pRb in controlling cellular metabolism. Here, we report that loss of the gene encoding pRb (Rb1) in a transgenic mutant Kras-driven model of lung cancer results in metabolic reprogramming. Our tracer studies using bolus dosing of [U-13C]-glucose revealed an increase in glucose carbon incorporation into select glycolytic intermediates. Consistent with this result, Rb1-depleted tumors exhibited increased expression of key glycolytic enzymes. Interestingly, loss of Rb1 did not alter mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation compared to lung tumors with intact Rb1. Additional tracer studies using [U-13C,15N]-glutamine and [U-13C]-lactate demonstrated that loss of Rb1 did not alter glutaminolysis or utilization of circulating lactate within the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) in vivo. Taken together, these data suggest that the loss of Rb1 promotes a glycolytic phenotype, while not altering pyruvate oxidative metabolism or glutamine anaplerosis in Kras-driven lung tumors.
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28
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Ali Beg MM, Verma AK, Saleem M, Saud Alreshidi F, Alenazi F, Ahmad H, Joshi PC. Role and Significance of Circulating Biomarkers: miRNA and E2F1 mRNA Expression and Their Association with Type-2 Diabetic Complications. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:6279168. [PMID: 32884568 PMCID: PMC7455836 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6279168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as an epidemic affecting more than four hundred million people throughout the world. It is a multifactorial disease with range of environmental and genetic factors responsible for its prevalence. In search of novel biomarkers for recording progress of various metabolic diseases, small noncoding RNA in general and microRNAs (miRNAs) in particular have emerged as the most promising biomarkers for diagnosing variety of diseases including diabetes. An increasing number of studies have been published, reporting the quantification of miRNAs in blood of subjects with diabetes and mostly aimed at identifying miRNA modulation in chronic diabetic complications. Due to its association with immune system homeostasis and potential capability to predict diabetes development, the profile of circulating miRNAs may also provide useful information about diabetes pathogenic mechanisms. Thus, the present study aimed to understand the role and expression of microRNA330 and E2F1 mRNA expression in patients with T2DM. Methodology. The present study includes a total of 200 individuals: 100 "individuals with T2DM referred to as "cases" and 100 healthy individuals referred to as "controls". Extracted RNA was used to synthesise the cDNA for microRNA-330 and E2F1 mRNA expression. Taqman assay method has been used to analyse the microRNA-330 expression in the cases and controls and SYBR green dye was used to study the E2F1 mRNA expression. RESULTS Statistically significant difference was observed in all the selected 5 biochemical parameters among T2DM cases and healthy controls. Risk factors like hypertension were observed to be significantly associated with reduced HDL (p=0.01), increased TG (p=0.0008), and cholesterol (p < 0.0001) in hypertensive T2DM cases as compared to nonhypertensive T2DM cases. Obese patients showed significant increase in TG (p=0.01) and cholesterol (p < 0.0001) as compared to nonobese patients. Similarly, increased TG (p=0.001) and cholesterol (p < 0.0001) was observed in the case of alcoholic patients as compared to nonalcoholic patients. Also, patients with smoking habit showed increased TG (p=0.009p = 0.009), cholesterol (p < 0.0001), and VLDL (p=0.01) as compared to nonsmokers and differences among them was found to be statistically significant. Besides this, significant impact of risk factors like hypertension, obesity, alcoholism, and smoking were observed on microRNA-330 expression and E2F1 mRNA expression. A 7.72-fold increased microRNA-330 and 0.05-fold decreased E2F1 mRNA expression was observed among T2DM cases as compared to healthy controls. Increased expression of microRNA-330 was observed in hypertensive cases (9.61-fold, p < 0.0001), obese cases (9.33-fold, p=0.0008, alcoholic cases (9.07-fold, p < 0.0001), and smoking cases (8.41-fold, p=0.01) as compared to nonhypertensive, nonobese nonalcoholic, and nonsmoking cases, and differences among them were found to be significant. Decreased expression of E2F1 mRNA expression was observed in patients with alcoholism (0.03-fold, p=0.002) and smoking (0.03fold, p < 0.0001) while patients who were nonalcoholic and nonsmokers showed 0.07-fold increase in expression, and differences among them were found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that increased level of microRNA-330 and decreased level of E2F1 mRNA expression were found to be associated with pathogenesis of T2DM patients. Risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, alcoholism, and smoking may be were found to be associated with microRNA-330 and E2F1 mRNA expressions, and it can prove a reliable biomarker for T2DM disease progression could be linked to chronic diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Masroor Ali Beg
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, GKV, Haridwar, India
| | - Mohd Saleem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Saud Alreshidi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahaad Alenazi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Ahmad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Prakash C. Joshi
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, GKV, Haridwar, India
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29
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Coller HA. The paradox of metabolism in quiescent stem cells. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2817-2839. [PMID: 31531979 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The shift between a proliferating and a nonproliferating state is associated with significant changes in metabolic needs. Proliferating cells tend to have higher metabolic rates, and their metabolic profiles facilitate biosynthesis, as compared to those of nondividing cells of the same sort. Recent studies have elucidated specific molecules that control metabolic changes while cells shift between proliferation and quiescence. Embryonic stem cells, which are rapidly proliferating, tend to have metabolic patterns that are similar to those of nonstem cells in a proliferative state. Moreover, although adult stem cells tend to be quiescent, their metabolic profiles have been reported in multiple organs to more closely resemble those of proliferating than those of nondividing cells in some respects. The findings raise questions about whether there are metabolic profiles that are required for stemness, and whether these profiles relate to the metabolic properties that may be required for quiescence. Here, we review the literature on how metabolism changes upon commitment to proliferation and compare the proliferating and nonproliferating metabolic states of differentiated cells and embryonic and adult stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Coller
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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30
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Mitochondria as playmakers of apoptosis, autophagy and senescence. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:139-153. [PMID: 31154010 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the key energy-producing organelles and cellular source of reactive species. They are responsible for managing cell life and death by a balanced homeostasis passing through a network of structures, regulated principally via fission and fusion. Herein we discuss about the most advanced findings considering mitochondria as dynamic biophysical systems playing compelling roles in the regulation of energy metabolism in both physiologic and pathologic processes controlling cell death and survival. Precisely, we focus on the mitochondrial commitment to the onset, maintenance and counteraction of apoptosis, autophagy and senescence in the bioenergetic reprogramming of cancer cells. In this context, looking for a pharmacological manipulation of cell death processes as a successful route for future targeted therapies, there is major biotechnological challenge in underlining the location, function and molecular mechanism of mitochondrial proteins. Based on the critical role of mitochondrial functions for cellular health, a better knowledge of the main molecular players in mitochondria disfunction could be decisive for the therapeutical control of degenerative diseases, including cancer.
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31
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Zhang H, Shen L, Li Y, Xu Z, Zhang X, Yu J, Cao Z, Luan P. Genome-wide association study for plasma very low-density lipoprotein concentration in chicken. J Anim Breed Genet 2019; 136:351-361. [PMID: 31037768 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The plasma very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration is an effective blood biochemical indicator that could be used to select lean chicken lines. In the current study, we used Genome-wide association study (GWAS) method to detect SNPs with significant effects on plasma VLDL concentration. As a result, 38 SNPs significantly associated with plasma VLDL concentration were identified using at least one of the three mixed linear model (MLM) packages, including GRAMMAR, EMMAX and GEMMA. Nearly, all these SNPs with significant effects on plasma VLDL concentration (except Gga_rs16160897) have significantly different allele frequencies between lean and fat lines. The 1-Mb regions surrounding these 38 SNPs were extracted, and twelve important regions were obtained after combining the overlaps. A total of 122 genes in these twelve important regions were detected. Among these genes, LRRK2, ABCD2, TLR4, E2F1, SUGP1, NCAN, KLF2 and RAB8A were identified as important genes for plasma VLDL concentration based on their basic functions. The results of this study may supply useful information to select lean chicken lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Linyong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yumao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zichun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Luan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Wang J, Qian Y, Gao M. Overexpression of PDK4 is associated with cell proliferation, drug resistance and poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 11:251-262. [PMID: 30636897 PMCID: PMC6307676 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s185015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ovarian cancer is a major type of gynecological malignancy which characterized by the chemoresistance, heterogeneity and highly metastasis. However, the mechanism underlying the progression of ovarian cancer remains elusive. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase family plays critical roles in tumorigenesis, and PDK4 has been demonstrated to be an oncogene in many types of cancers. The aim of this study was to identify the role of PDK4 in ovarian cancer. Methods We explored the PDK4 expression according to the public database containing patients with different effect of chemotherapy. Cell proliferation and invasion assays were used to determine the function of PDK4. Mice xenograft experiment was conducted to test the pro-tumorigenesis function of PDK4 in vivo. Cell apoptosis under treatment of chemo drugs was detected by flow cytometry and TUNEL analysis. Spheroid formation assay and CD133+ cell population were used to determine the PDK4-induced stem-like traits. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to test the expression of PDK4 in ovarian cancer tissues, and Kaplan– Meier curve with log-rank test was performed to determine the association between PDK4 expression and ovarian cancer patients’ prognosis. Results Overexpression of PDK4 markedly promoted cell proliferation, invasion and tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, PDK4 confers cell resistant to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Mechanically, we demonstrated that PDK4 induced stem-like traits. Meanwhile, PDK4 expression was significantly evaluated in ovarian cancer tissues compared to that in adjacent non-cancer tissues, and high expression of PDK4 was associated with poor overall survival and progression-free survival of ovarian cancer patients. Conclusion These results identify a novel role of PDK4 in regulating cell stem-like trait, which directly enhances the cell proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer, and targeting PDK4 could be a potential approach for ovarian cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Meiyan Gao
- Department of Biotherapy, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China,
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Fukushima A, Zhang L, Huqi A, Lam VH, Rawat S, Altamimi T, Wagg CS, Dhaliwal KK, Hornberger LK, Kantor PF, Rebeyka IM, Lopaschuk GD. Acetylation contributes to hypertrophy-caused maturational delay of cardiac energy metabolism. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99239. [PMID: 29769443 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A dramatic increase in cardiac fatty acid oxidation occurs following birth. However, cardiac hypertrophy secondary to congenital heart diseases (CHDs) delays this process, thereby decreasing cardiac energetic capacity and function. Cardiac lysine acetylation is involved in modulating fatty acid oxidation. We thus investigated what effect cardiac hypertrophy has on protein acetylation during maturation. Eighty-four right ventricular biopsies were collected from CHD patients and stratified according to age and the absence (n = 44) or presence of hypertrophy (n = 40). A maturational increase in protein acetylation was evident in nonhypertrophied hearts but not in hypertrophied hearts. The fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes, long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) and β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (βHAD), were hyperacetylated and their activities positively correlated with their acetylation after birth in nonhypertrophied hearts but not hypertrophied hearts. In line with this, decreased cardiac fatty acid oxidation and reduced acetylation of LCAD and βHAD occurred in newborn rabbits subjected to cardiac hypertrophy due to an aortocaval shunt. Silencing the mRNA of general control of amino acid synthesis 5-like protein 1 reduced acetylation of LCAD and βHAD as well as fatty acid oxidation rates in cardiomyocytes. Thus, hypertrophy in CHDs prevents the postnatal increase in myocardial acetylation, resulting in a delayed maturation of cardiac fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Fukushima
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alda Huqi
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Victoria H Lam
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sonia Rawat
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tariq Altamimi
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cory S Wagg
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Khushmol K Dhaliwal
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lisa K Hornberger
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul F Kantor
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ivan M Rebeyka
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Palomer X, Pizarro-Delgado J, Vázquez-Carrera M. Emerging Actors in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Heartbreaker Biomarkers or Therapeutic Targets? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:452-467. [PMID: 29605388 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The diabetic heart is characterized by metabolic disturbances that are often accompanied by local inflammation, oxidative stress, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Overall changes result in contractile dysfunction, concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, and dilated cardiomyopathy, that together affect cardiac output and eventually lead to heart failure, the foremost cause of death in diabetic patients. There are currently several validated biomarkers for the diagnosis and risk assessment of cardiac diseases, but none is capable of discriminating patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). In this review we point to several novel candidate biomarkers from new activated molecular pathways (including microRNAs) with the potential to detect or prevent DCM in its early stages, or even to treat it once established. The prospective use of selected biomarkers that integrate inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and metabolic dysregulation is widely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Pizarro-Delgado
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Xu S, Tao J, Yang L, Zhang E, Boriboun C, Zhou J, Sun T, Cheng M, Huang K, Shi J, Dong N, Liu Q, Zhao TC, Qiu H, Harris RA, Chandel NS, Losordo DW, Qin G. E2F1 Suppresses Oxidative Metabolism and Endothelial Differentiation of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells. Circ Res 2018; 122:701-711. [PMID: 29358228 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The majority of current cardiovascular cell therapy trials use bone marrow progenitor cells (BM PCs) and achieve only modest efficacy; the limited potential of these cells to differentiate into endothelial-lineage cells is one of the major barriers to the success of this promising therapy. We have previously reported that the E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) is a repressor of revascularization after ischemic injury. OBJECTIVE We sought to define the role of E2F1 in the regulation of BM PC function. METHODS AND RESULTS Ablation of E2F1 (E2F1 deficient) in mouse BM PCs increases oxidative metabolism and reduces lactate production, resulting in enhanced endothelial differentiation. The metabolic switch in E2F1-deficient BM PCs is mediated by a reduction in the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2; overexpression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 reverses the enhancement of oxidative metabolism and endothelial differentiation. Deletion of E2F1 in the BM increases the amount of PC-derived endothelial cells in the ischemic myocardium, enhances vascular growth, reduces infarct size, and improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a novel mechanism by which E2F1 mediates the metabolic control of BM PC differentiation, and strategies that inhibit E2F1 or enhance oxidative metabolism in BM PCs may improve the effectiveness of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Xu
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.)
| | - Jun Tao
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.)
| | - Liu Yang
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.)
| | - Eric Zhang
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.)
| | - Chan Boriboun
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.)
| | - Junlan Zhou
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.)
| | - Tianjiao Sun
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.)
| | - Min Cheng
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.)
| | - Kai Huang
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.)
| | - Jiawei Shi
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.)
| | - Nianguo Dong
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.)
| | - Qinghua Liu
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.)
| | - Ting C Zhao
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.)
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.)
| | - Robert A Harris
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.)
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.)
| | - Douglas W Losordo
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.)
| | - Gangjian Qin
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Cardiology Program, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (S.X., L.Y., E.Z., C.B., G.Q.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.X., J.Z., T.S., D.W.L., G.Q.) and Department of Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.S.C.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.X., J.T.); Department of Cardiology (L.Y., M.C., K.H.) and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.S., N.D.), Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China; Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China (Q.L.); Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, RI (T.C.Z.); Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (H.Q.); and Roudebush VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.A.H.).
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Stacpoole PW. Therapeutic Targeting of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex/Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase (PDC/PDK) Axis in Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3871192. [PMID: 29059435 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) irreversibly decarboxylates pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A, thereby linking glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and defining a critical step in cellular bioenergetics. Inhibition of PDC activity by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)-mediated phosphorylation has been associated with the pathobiology of many disorders of metabolic integration, including cancer. Consequently, the PDC/PDK axis has long been a therapeutic target. The most common underlying mechanism accounting for PDC inhibition in these conditions is post-transcriptional upregulation of one or more PDK isoforms, leading to phosphorylation of the E1α subunit of PDC. Such perturbations of the PDC/PDK axis induce a "glycolytic shift," whereby affected cells favor adenosine triphosphate production by glycolysis over mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cellular proliferation over cellular quiescence. Dichloroacetate is the prototypic xenobiotic inhibitor of PDK, thereby maintaining PDC in its unphosphorylated, catalytically active form. However, recent interest in the therapeutic targeting of the PDC/PDK axis for the treatment of cancer has yielded a new generation of small molecule PDK inhibitors. Ongoing investigations of the central role of PDC in cellular energy metabolism and its regulation by pharmacological effectors of PDKs promise to open multiple exciting vistas into the biochemical understanding and treatment of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stacpoole
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
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Wang LY, Hung CL, Chen YR, Yang JC, Wang J, Campbell M, Izumiya Y, Chen HW, Wang WC, Ann DK, Kung HJ. KDM4A Coactivates E2F1 to Regulate the PDK-Dependent Metabolic Switch between Mitochondrial Oxidation and Glycolysis. Cell Rep 2017; 16:3016-3027. [PMID: 27626669 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone lysine demethylase KDM4A/JMJD2A has been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis through its role in transcriptional regulation. Here, we describe KDM4A as a E2F1 coactivator and demonstrate a functional role for the E2F1-KDM4A complex in the control of tumor metabolism. KDM4A associates with E2F1 on target gene promoters and enhances E2F1 chromatin binding and transcriptional activity, thereby modulating the transcriptional profile essential for cancer cell proliferation and survival. The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) PDK1 and PDK3 are direct targets of KDM4A and E2F1 and modulate the switch between glycolytic metabolism and mitochondrial oxidation. Downregulation of KDM4A leads to elevated activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial oxidation, resulting in excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The altered metabolic phenotypes can be partially rescued by ectopic expression of PDK1 and PDK3, indicating a KDM4A-dependent tumor metabolic regulation via PDK. Our results suggest that KDM4A is a key regulator of tumor metabolism and a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Chiu-Lien Hung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Joy C Yang
- Department of Urology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Junjian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Mel Campbell
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Izumiya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - David K Ann
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
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38
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Ahn E, Kumar P, Mukha D, Tzur A, Shlomi T. Temporal fluxomics reveals oscillations in TCA cycle flux throughout the mammalian cell cycle. Mol Syst Biol 2017; 13:953. [PMID: 29109155 PMCID: PMC5731346 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20177763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolic demands change throughout the cell cycle. Nevertheless, a characterization of how metabolic fluxes adapt to the changing demands throughout the cell cycle is lacking. Here, we developed a temporal‐fluxomics approach to derive a comprehensive and quantitative view of alterations in metabolic fluxes throughout the mammalian cell cycle. This is achieved by combining pulse‐chase LC‐MS‐based isotope tracing in synchronized cell populations with computational deconvolution and metabolic flux modeling. We find that TCA cycle fluxes are rewired as cells progress through the cell cycle with complementary oscillations of glucose versus glutamine‐derived fluxes: Oxidation of glucose‐derived flux peaks in late G1 phase, while oxidative and reductive glutamine metabolism dominates S phase. These complementary flux oscillations maintain a constant production rate of reducing equivalents and oxidative phosphorylation flux throughout the cell cycle. The shift from glucose to glutamine oxidation in S phase plays an important role in cell cycle progression and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyong Ahn
- Department of Computer Science, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Amit Tzur
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tomer Shlomi
- Department of Computer Science, Technion, Haifa, Israel .,Department of Biology, Technion, Haifa, Israel.,Lokey Center for Life Science and Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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A Review of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Development and Progression of Cardiac Remodeling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3920195. [PMID: 28751931 PMCID: PMC5511646 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3920195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathological molecular mechanisms involved in myocardial remodeling contribute to alter the existing structure of the heart, leading to cardiac dysfunction. Among the complex signaling network that characterizes myocardial remodeling, the distinct processes are myocyte loss, cardiac hypertrophy, alteration of extracellular matrix homeostasis, fibrosis, defective autophagy, metabolic abnormalities, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Several pathophysiological stimuli, such as pressure and volume overload, trigger the remodeling cascade, a process that initially confers protection to the heart as a compensatory mechanism. Yet chronic inflammation after myocardial infarction also leads to cardiac remodeling that, when prolonged, leads to heart failure progression. Here, we review the molecular pathways involved in cardiac remodeling, with particular emphasis on those associated with myocardial infarction. A better understanding of cell signaling involved in cardiac remodeling may support the development of new therapeutic strategies towards the treatment of heart failure and reduction of cardiac complications. We will also discuss data derived from gene therapy approaches for modulating key mediators of cardiac remodeling.
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40
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Lai Q, Giralt A, Le May C, Zhang L, Cariou B, Denechaud PD, Fajas L. E2F1 inhibits circulating cholesterol clearance by regulating Pcsk9 expression in the liver. JCI Insight 2017; 2:89729. [PMID: 28515357 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol accumulation in the liver is an early event in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we demonstrate that E2F1 plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular cholesterol homeostasis by regulating cholesterol uptake via proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9), an enzyme that promotes low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) degradation upon activation. E2f1-/- mice display reduced total plasma cholesterol levels and increased cholesterol content in the liver. In this study, we show that E2f1 deletion in cellular and mouse models leads to a marked decrease in Pcsk9 expression and an increase in LDLR expression. In addition to the upregulation of LDLR, we report that E2f1-/- hepatocytes exhibit increased LDL uptake. ChIP-Seq and PCSK9 promoter reporter experiments confirmed that E2F1 binds to and transactivates the PCSK9 promoter. Interestingly, E2f1-/- mice fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) display a fatty liver phenotype and liver fibrosis, which is reversed by reexpression of PCSK9 in the liver. Collectively, these data indicate that E2F1 regulates cholesterol uptake and that the loss of E2F1 leads to abnormal cholesterol accumulation in the liver and the development of fibrosis in response to an HCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Giralt
- Department of Physiology.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Le May
- l'Institut du Thorax, Inserm UMR1087 - CNRS UMR6291, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Ludwig Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- l'Institut du Thorax, Inserm UMR1087 - CNRS UMR6291, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre-Damien Denechaud
- Department of Physiology.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Department of Physiology.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
In this review, Dyson summarizes some recent developments in pRB research and focuses on progress toward answers for the three fundamental questions that sit at the heart of the pRB literature: What does pRB do? How does the inactivation of RB change the cell? How can our knowledge of RB function be exploited to provide better treatment for cancer patients? The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1) was the first tumor suppressor gene to be molecularly defined. RB1 mutations occur in almost all familial and sporadic forms of retinoblastoma, and this gene is mutated at variable frequencies in a variety of other human cancers. Because of its early discovery, the recessive nature of RB1 mutations, and its frequency of inactivation, RB1 is often described as a prototype for the class of tumor suppressor genes. Its gene product (pRB) regulates transcription and is a negative regulator of cell proliferation. Although these general features are well established, a precise description of pRB's mechanism of action has remained elusive. Indeed, in many regards, pRB remains an enigma. This review summarizes some recent developments in pRB research and focuses on progress toward answers for the three fundamental questions that sit at the heart of the pRB literature: What does pRB do? How does the inactivation of RB change the cell? How can our knowledge of RB function be exploited to provide better treatment for cancer patients?
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The RB–IL-6 axis controls self-renewal and endocrine therapy resistance by fine-tuning mitochondrial activity. Oncogene 2017; 36:5145-5157. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Major JL, Dewan A, Salih M, Leddy JJ, Tuana BS. E2F6 Impairs Glycolysis and Activates BDH1 Expression Prior to Dilated Cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170066. [PMID: 28085920 PMCID: PMC5234782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale The E2F pathway plays a critical role in cardiac growth and development, yet its role in cardiac metabolism remains to be defined. Metabolic changes play important roles in human heart failure and studies imply the ketogenic enzyme β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase I (BDH1) is a potential biomarker. Objective To define the role of the E2F pathway in cardiac metabolism and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with a focus on BDH1. Methods and Results We previously developed transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the transcriptional repressor, E2F6, to interfere with the E2F/Rb pathway in post-natal myocardium. These Tg mice present with an E2F6 dose dependent DCM and deregulated connexin-43 (CX-43) levels in myocardium. Using the Seahorse platform, a 22% decrease in glycolysis was noted in neonatal cardiomyocytes isolated from E2F6-Tg hearts. This was associated with a 39% reduction in the glucose transporter GLUT4 and 50% less activation of the regulator of glucose metabolism AKT2. The specific reduction of cyclin B1 (70%) in Tg myocardium implicates its importance in supporting glycolysis in the postnatal heart. No changes in cyclin D expression (known to regulate mitochondrial activity) were noted and lipid metabolism remained unchanged in neonatal cardiomyocytes from Tg hearts. However, E2F6 induced a 40-fold increase of the Bdh1 transcript and 890% increase in its protein levels in hearts from Tg pups implying a potential impact on ketolysis. By contrast, BDH1 expression is not activated until adulthood in normal myocardium. Neonatal cardiomyocytes from Wt hearts incubated with the ketone β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) showed a 100% increase in CX-43 protein levels, implying a role for ketone signaling in gap junction biology. Neonatal cardiomyocyte cultures from Tg hearts exhibited enhanced levels of BDH1 and CX-43 and were not responsive to β-OHB. Conclusions The data reveal a novel role for the E2F pathway in regulating glycolysis in the developing myocardium through a mechanism involving cyclin B1. We reveal BDH1 expression as an early biomarker of heart failure and its potential impact, through ketone signaling, on CX-43 levels in E2F6-induced DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaraf Dewan
- University of Ottawa, Dept. CMM, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maysoon Salih
- University of Ottawa, Dept. CMM, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John J. Leddy
- University of Ottawa, Dept. CMM, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Balwant S. Tuana
- University of Ottawa, Dept. CMM, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Denechaud PD, Fajas L, Giralt A. E2F1, a Novel Regulator of Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:311. [PMID: 29176962 PMCID: PMC5686046 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past years, several lines of evidence have shown that cell cycle regulatory proteins also can modulate metabolic processes. The transcription factor E2F1 is a central player involved in cell cycle progression, DNA-damage response, and apoptosis. Its crucial role in the control of cell fate has been extensively studied and reviewed before; however, here, we focus on the participation of E2F1 in the regulation of metabolism. We summarize recent findings about the cell cycle-independent roles of E2F1 in various tissues that contribute to global metabolic homeostasis and highlight that E2F1 activity is increased during obesity. Finally, coming back to the pivotal role of E2F1 in cancer development, we discuss how E2F1 links cell cycle progression with different metabolic adaptations required for cell growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Albert Giralt
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Albert Giralt,
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45
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Tran Q, Lee H, Park J, Kim SH, Park J. Targeting Cancer Metabolism - Revisiting the Warburg Effects. Toxicol Res 2016; 32:177-93. [PMID: 27437085 PMCID: PMC4946416 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2016.32.3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
After more than half of century since the Warburg effect was described, this atypical metabolism has been standing true for almost every type of cancer, exhibiting higher glycolysis and lactate metabolism and defective mitochondrial ATP production. This phenomenon had attracted many scientists to the problem of elucidating the mechanism of, and reason for, this effect. Several models based on oncogenic studies have been proposed, such as the accumulation of mitochondrial gene mutations, the switch from oxidative phosphorylation respiration to glycolysis, the enhancement of lactate metabolism, and the alteration of glycolytic genes. Whether the Warburg phenomenon is the consequence of genetic dysregulation in cancer or the cause of cancer remains unknown. Moreover, the exact reasons and physiological values of this peculiar metabolism in cancer remain unclear. Although there are some pharmacological compounds, such as 2-deoxy-D-glucose, dichloroacetic acid, and 3-bromopyruvate, therapeutic strategies, including diet, have been developed based on targeting the Warburg effect. In this review, we will revisit the Warburg effect to determine how much scientists currently understand about this phenomenon and how we can treat the cancer based on targeting metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quangdon Tran
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seon-Hwan Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Kohno S, Kitajima S, Sasaki N, Takahashi C. Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor functions shared by stem cell and cancer cell strategies. World J Stem Cells 2016; 8:170-84. [PMID: 27114748 PMCID: PMC4835675 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i4.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenic transformation of somatic cells resembles nuclear reprogramming toward the generation of pluripotent stem cells. These events share eternal escape from cellular senescence, continuous self-renewal in limited but certain population of cells, and refractoriness to terminal differentiation while maintaining the potential to differentiate into cells of one or multiple lineages. As represented by several oncogenes those appeared to be first keys to pluripotency, carcinogenesis and nuclear reprogramming seem to share a number of core mechanisms. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor product retinoblastoma (RB) seems to be critically involved in both events in highly complicated manners. However, disentangling such complicated interactions has enabled us to better understand how stem cell strategies are shared by cancer cells. This review covers recent findings on RB functions related to stem cells and stem cell-like behaviors of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Kohno
- Susumu Kohno, Chiaki Takahashi, Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kitajima
- Susumu Kohno, Chiaki Takahashi, Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Nobunari Sasaki
- Susumu Kohno, Chiaki Takahashi, Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Susumu Kohno, Chiaki Takahashi, Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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47
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Kaplon J, van Dam L, Peeper D. Two-way communication between the metabolic and cell cycle machineries: the molecular basis. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:2022-32. [PMID: 26038996 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1044172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between cellular metabolism and the cell cycle machinery is by no means unidirectional. The ability of a cell to enter the cell cycle critically depends on the availability of metabolites. Conversely, the cell cycle machinery commits to regulating metabolic networks in order to support cell survival and proliferation. In this review, we will give an account of how the cell cycle machinery and metabolism are interconnected. Acquiring information on how communication takes place among metabolic signaling networks and the cell cycle controllers is crucial to increase our understanding of the deregulation thereof in disease, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kaplon
- a Division of Molecular Oncology; The Netherlands Cancer Institute ; Amsterdam ; The Netherlands
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48
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Wu M, Seto E, Zhang J. E2F1 enhances glycolysis through suppressing Sirt6 transcription in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11252-63. [PMID: 25816777 PMCID: PMC4484454 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fast proliferation of cancer cells requires reprogramming of its energy metabolism with aerobic glycolysis as a major energy source. Sirt6, a class III histone deacetylase, has been shown to down regulate glycolysis by inhibiting the expression of several key glycolytic genes. Based on the published study on the metabolic phenotype of E2F1 −/− mice and SIRT6 −/− mice, we hypothesize that E2F1 enhances glycolysis and inhibits the expression of Sirt6. Indeed, over-expressing of E2F1, but not its DNA binding deficient mutant, significantly enhanced glucose uptake and lactate production in bladder and prostate cancer cell lines. E2F1 over-expression also suppressed Sirt6 expression and function. Moreover, E2F1 directly bound to Sirt6 promoter and suppressed Sirt6 promoter activity under both normoxic and hypoxic culture conditions. E2F1 siRNA blocked the up-regulation of E2F1 under hypoxia, increased Sirt6 expression and decreased glycolysis compared to those of scrambled siRNA transected cells. Furthermore, HDAC1 deacetylated E2F1 and diminished its transcription suppression of Sirt6 promoter. Treatment with the HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), suppressed Sirt6 promoter activity with increased binding of acetylated E2F1 to Sirt6 promoter. Mutating the E2F1 binding site on the proximal Sirt6 promoter abolished the suppression of Sirt6 transcription by TSA. These data indicate a novel oncogenic role of E2F1, i.e. enhancing glycolysis by suppressing Sirt6 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wu
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology and Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Edward Seto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology and Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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49
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Haim Y, Blüher M, Slutsky N, Goldstein N, Klöting N, Harman-Boehm I, Kirshtein B, Ginsberg D, Gericke M, Guiu Jurado E, Kovsan J, Tarnovscki T, Kachko L, Bashan N, Gepner Y, Shai I, Rudich A. Elevated autophagy gene expression in adipose tissue of obese humans: A potential non-cell-cycle-dependent function of E2F1. Autophagy 2015; 11:2074-2088. [PMID: 26391754 PMCID: PMC4824599 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1094597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy genes' expression is upregulated in visceral fat in human obesity, associating with obesity-related cardio-metabolic risk. E2F1 (E2F transcription factor 1) was shown in cancer cells to transcriptionally regulate autophagy. We hypothesize that E2F1 regulates adipocyte autophagy in obesity, associating with endocrine/metabolic dysfunction, thereby, representing non-cell-cycle function of this transcription factor. E2F1 protein (N=69) and mRNA (N=437) were elevated in visceral fat of obese humans, correlating with increased expression of ATG5 (autophagy-related 5), MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β), but not with proliferation/cell-cycle markers. Elevated E2F1 mainly characterized the adipocyte fraction, whereas MKI67 (marker of proliferation Ki-67) was elevated in the stromal-vascular fraction of adipose tissue. In human visceral fat explants, chromatin-immunoprecipitation revealed body mass index (BMI)-correlated increase in E2F1 binding to the promoter of MAP1LC3B, but not to the classical cell cycle E2F1 target, CCND1 (cyclin D1). Clinically, omental fat E2F1 expression correlated with insulin resistance, circulating free-fatty-acids (FFA), and with decreased circulating ADIPOQ/adiponectin, associations attenuated by adjustment for autophagy genes. Overexpression of E2F1 in HEK293 cells enhanced promoter activity of several autophagy genes and autophagic flux, and sensitized to further activation of autophagy by TNF. Conversely, mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF)-derived adipocytes from e2f1 knockout mice (e2f1−/−) exhibited lower autophagy gene expression and flux, were more insulin sensitive, and secreted more ADIPOQ. Furthermore, e2f1−/− MEF-derived adipocytes, and autophagy-deficient (by Atg7 siRNA) adipocytes were resistant to cytokines-induced decrease in ADIPOQ secretion. Jointly, upregulated E2F1 sensitizes adipose tissue autophagy to inflammatory stimuli, linking visceral obesity to adipose and systemic metabolic-endocrine dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Haim
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology ; Faculty of Health Sciences; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ; Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Matthias Blüher
- b Department of Medicine ; University of Leipzig ; Leipzig , Germany
| | - Noa Slutsky
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology ; Faculty of Health Sciences; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ; Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Nir Goldstein
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology ; Faculty of Health Sciences; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ; Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Nora Klöting
- b Department of Medicine ; University of Leipzig ; Leipzig , Germany
| | - Ilana Harman-Boehm
- c Soroka Academic Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ; Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Boris Kirshtein
- c Soroka Academic Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ; Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Doron Ginsberg
- d The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Science; Bar-Ilan University ; Ramat Gan , Israel
| | - Martin Gericke
- e Institute of Anatomy; University of Leipzig ; Leipzig , Germany
| | | | - Julia Kovsan
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology ; Faculty of Health Sciences; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ; Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Tanya Tarnovscki
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology ; Faculty of Health Sciences; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ; Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Leonid Kachko
- c Soroka Academic Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ; Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Nava Bashan
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology ; Faculty of Health Sciences; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ; Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Yiftach Gepner
- f Department of Epidemiology ; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ; Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Iris Shai
- f Department of Epidemiology ; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ; Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Assaf Rudich
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology ; Faculty of Health Sciences; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ; Beer-Sheva , Israel.,g National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ; Beer-Sheva , Israel
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50
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Denechaud PD, Lopez-Mejia IC, Giralt A, Lai Q, Blanchet E, Delacuisine B, Nicolay BN, Dyson NJ, Bonner C, Pattou F, Annicotte JS, Fajas L. E2F1 mediates sustained lipogenesis and contributes to hepatic steatosis. J Clin Invest 2015; 126:137-50. [PMID: 26619117 DOI: 10.1172/jci81542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F transcription factors are known regulators of the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Here, we reveal that E2F1 plays an essential role in liver physiopathology through the regulation of glycolysis and lipogenesis. We demonstrate that E2F1 deficiency leads to a decrease in glycolysis and de novo synthesis of fatty acids in hepatocytes. We further demonstrate that E2F1 directly binds to the promoters of key lipogenic genes, including Fasn, but does not bind directly to genes encoding glycolysis pathway components, suggesting an indirect effect. In murine models, E2F1 expression and activity increased in response to feeding and upon insulin stimulation through canonical activation of the CDK4/pRB pathway. Moreover, E2F1 expression was increased in liver biopsies from obese, glucose-intolerant humans compared with biopsies from lean subjects. Finally, E2f1 deletion completely abrogated hepatic steatosis in different murine models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In conclusion, our data demonstrate that E2F1 regulates lipid synthesis and glycolysis and thus contributes to the development of liver pathology.
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