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Jiao C, Ruan J, Sun W, Zhang X, Liu X, Sun G, Liu C, Sun C, Tian X, Yang D, Chen L, Wang Z. Molecular characterization, expression and antibacterial function of a macin, HdMac, from Haliotis discus hannai. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 204:108113. [PMID: 38631559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Macins are a family of antimicrobial peptides, which play multiple roles in the elimination of invading pathogens. In the present study, a macin was cloned and characterized from Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai (Designated as HdMac). Analysis of the conserved domain suggested that HdMac was a new member of the macin family. In non-stimulated abalones, HdMac transcripts were constitutively expressed in all five tested tissues, especially in hemocytes. After Vibrio harveyi stimulation, the expression of HdMac mRNA in hemocytes was significantly up-regulated at 12 hr (P < 0.01). RNAi-mediated knockdown of HdMac transcripts affected the survival rates of abalone against V. harveyi. Moreover, recombinant protein of HdMac (rHdMac) exhibited high antibacterial activities against invading bacteria, especially for Vibrio anguillarum. In addition, rHdMac possessed binding activities towards glucan, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and peptidoglycan (PGN), but not chitin in vitro. Membrane integrity analysis revealed that rHdMac could increase the membrane permeability of bacteria. Meanwhile, both the phagocytosis and chemotaxis ability of hemocytes could be significantly enhanced by rHdMac. Overall, the results showed that HdMac could function as a versatile molecule involved in immune responses of H. discus hannai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Jiao
- Yantai Center for Food and Drug Control, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jian Ruan
- Yantai Center for Food and Drug Control, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China
| | - Xinze Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China
| | - Guodong Sun
- Tianjin Xiqing District Agriculture and Rural Development Service Center, Tianjin 300380, PR China
| | - Caili Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China
| | - Xiuhui Tian
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China.
| | - Zhongquan Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China.
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2
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Klimovich A, Bosch TCG. Novel technologies uncover novel 'anti'-microbial peptides in Hydra shaping the species-specific microbiome. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230058. [PMID: 38497265 PMCID: PMC10945409 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The freshwater polyp Hydra uses an elaborate innate immune machinery to maintain its specific microbiome. Major components of this toolkit are conserved Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated immune pathways and species-specific antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Our study harnesses advanced technologies, such as high-throughput sequencing and machine learning, to uncover a high complexity of the Hydra's AMPs repertoire. Functional analysis reveals that these AMPs are specific against diverse members of the Hydra microbiome and expressed in a spatially controlled pattern. Notably, in the outer epithelial layer, AMPs are produced mainly in the neurons. The neuron-derived AMPs are secreted directly into the glycocalyx, the habitat for symbiotic bacteria, and display high selectivity and spatial restriction of expression. In the endodermal layer, in contrast, endodermal epithelial cells produce an abundance of different AMPs including members of the arminin and hydramacin families, while gland cells secrete kazal-type protease inhibitors. Since the endodermal layer lines the gastric cavity devoid of symbiotic bacteria, we assume that endodermally secreted AMPs protect the gastric cavity from intruding pathogens. In conclusion, Hydra employs a complex set of AMPs expressed in distinct tissue layers and cell types to combat pathogens and to maintain a stable spatially organized microbiome. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Klimovich
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Thomas C. G. Bosch
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, Kiel 24118, Germany
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3
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Maritan E, Quagliariello A, Frago E, Patarnello T, Martino ME. The role of animal hosts in shaping gut microbiome variation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230071. [PMID: 38497257 PMCID: PMC10945410 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Millions of years of co-evolution between animals and their associated microbial communities have shaped and diversified the nature of their relationship. Studies continue to reveal new layers of complexity in host-microbe interactions, the fate of which depends on a variety of different factors, ranging from neutral processes and environmental factors to local dynamics. Research is increasingly integrating ecosystem-based approaches, metagenomics and mathematical modelling to disentangle the individual contribution of ecological factors to microbiome evolution. Within this framework, host factors are known to be among the dominant drivers of microbiome composition in different animal species. However, the extent to which they shape microbiome assembly and evolution remains unclear. In this review, we summarize our understanding of how host factors drive microbial communities and how these dynamics are conserved and vary across taxa. We conclude by outlining key avenues for research and highlight the need for implementation of and key modifications to existing theory to fully capture the dynamics of host-associated microbiomes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maritan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Quagliariello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Enric Frago
- CIRAD, UMR CBGP, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Université Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Tomaso Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Martino
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy
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4
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Lee PC, Yen CF, Lin CC, Lung FDT. Designing the antimicrobial peptide with centrosymmetric and amphipathic characterizations for improving antimicrobial activity. J Pept Sci 2023; 29:e3510. [PMID: 37151189 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are becoming a serious health issue and will cause 10 million deaths per year by 2050. As a result, the development of new antimicrobial agents is urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found in the innate immune systems of various organisms to effectively fend off invading pathogens. In this study, we designed a series of AMPs (THL-2-1 to THL-2-9) with centrosymmetric and amphipathic properties, through substituting different amino acids on the hydrophobic side and at the centrosymmetric position to improve their antimicrobial activity. The results showed that leucine as a residue on the hydrophobic side of the peptide could enhance its antimicrobial activity and that glutamic acid as a centrosymmetric residue could increase the salt resistance of the peptide. Thus, the THL-2-3 peptide (KRLLRELKRLL-NH2 ) showed the greatest antimicrobial activity (MIC90 of 16 μM) against Gram-negative bacteria and had the highest salt resistance and cell selectivity among all the designed peptides. In summary, the results of this study provide useful references for the design of AMPs to enhance antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chien Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fang Yen
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Di T Lung
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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5
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Gualandi N, Fracarossi D, Riommi D, Sollitto M, Greco S, Mardirossian M, Pacor S, Hori T, Pallavicini A, Gerdol M. Unveiling the Impact of Gene Presence/Absence Variation in Driving Inter-Individual Sequence Diversity within the CRP-I Gene Family in Mytilus spp. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040787. [PMID: 37107545 PMCID: PMC10138031 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mussels (Mytilus spp.) tolerate infections much better than other species living in the same marine coastal environment thanks to a highly efficient innate immune system, which exploits a remarkable diversification of effector molecules involved in mucosal and humoral responses. Among these, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are subjected to massive gene presence/absence variation (PAV), endowing each individual with a potentially unique repertoire of defense molecules. The unavailability of a chromosome-scale assembly has so far prevented a comprehensive evaluation of the genomic arrangement of AMP-encoding loci, preventing an accurate ascertainment of the orthology/paralogy relationships among sequence variants. Here, we characterized the CRP-I gene cluster in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, which includes about 50 paralogous genes and pseudogenes, mostly packed in a small genomic region within chromosome 5. We further reported the occurrence of widespread PAV within this family in the Mytilus species complex and provided evidence that CRP-I peptides likely adopt a knottin fold. We functionally characterized the synthetic peptide sCRP-I H1, assessing the presence of biological activities consistent with other knottins, revealing that mussel CRP-I peptides are unlikely to act as antimicrobial agents or protease inhibitors, even though they may be used as defense molecules against infections from eukaryotic parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Gualandi
- Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies, 34136 Trieste, Italy;
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.F.); (D.R.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (M.M.); (S.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Davide Fracarossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.F.); (D.R.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (M.M.); (S.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Damiano Riommi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.F.); (D.R.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (M.M.); (S.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Marco Sollitto
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.F.); (D.R.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (M.M.); (S.P.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Samuele Greco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.F.); (D.R.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (M.M.); (S.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Mario Mardirossian
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.F.); (D.R.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (M.M.); (S.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Sabrina Pacor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.F.); (D.R.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (M.M.); (S.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Tiago Hori
- Atlantic Aqua Farms Ltd., Vernon Bridge, PE C0A 2E0, Canada;
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.F.); (D.R.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (M.M.); (S.P.); (A.P.)
- Anton Dohrn Zoological Station, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.F.); (D.R.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (M.M.); (S.P.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Antimicrobial peptides from freshwater invertebrate species: potential for future applications. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9797-9811. [PMID: 35716292 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Invertebrates are a significant source of antimicrobial peptides because they lack an adaptive immune system and must rely on their innate immunity to survive in a pathogen-infested environment. Various antimicrobial peptides that represent major components of invertebrate innate immunity have been described in a number of investigations over the last few decades. In freshwater invertebrates, antimicrobial peptides have been identified in arthropods, annelids, molluscs, crustaceans, and cnidarians. Freshwater invertebrate species contain antimicrobial peptides from the families astacidin, macin, defensin, and crustin, as well as other antimicrobial peptides that do not belong to these families. They show broad spectrum activities greatly directed against bacteria and to a less extent against fungi and viruses. This review focuses on antimicrobial peptides found in freshwater invertebrates, highlighting their features, structure-activity connections, antimicrobial processes, and possible applications in the food industry, animal husbandry, aquaculture, and medicine. The methods for their synthesis, purification, and characterization, as well as the obstacles and strategies for their development and application, are also discussed.
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7
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Lousada MB, Lachnit T, Edelkamp J, Paus R, Bosch TCG. Hydra and the hair follicle - An unconventional comparative biology approach to exploring the human holobiont. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100233. [PMID: 35261041 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome of human hair follicles (HFs) has emerged as an important player in different HF and skin pathologies, yet awaits in-depth exploration. This raises questions regarding the tightly linked interactions between host environment, nutrient dependency of host-associated microbes, microbial metabolism, microbe-microbe interactions and host immunity. The use of simple model systems facilitates addressing generally important questions and testing overarching, therapeutically relevant principles that likely transcend obvious interspecies differences. Here, we evaluate the potential of the freshwater polyp Hydra, to dissect fundamental principles of microbiome regulation by the host, that is the human HF. In particular, we focus on therapeutically targetable host-microbiome interactions, such as nutrient dependency, microbial interactions and host defence. Offering a new lens into the study of HF - microbiota interactions, we argue that general principles of how Hydra manages its microbiota can inform the development of novel, microbiome-targeting therapeutic interventions in human skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B Lousada
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin & Hair Research, Münster, Germany.,Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Lachnit
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Janin Edelkamp
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin & Hair Research, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin & Hair Research, Münster, Germany.,Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas C G Bosch
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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8
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Xue R, Han Y, Li F, Chen L, Yang D, Zhao J. Identification, antibacterial activities and action mode of two macins from manila clam Venerupis philippinarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:411-420. [PMID: 34571157 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two macins were identified from clam Venerupis philippinarum (designated as VpMacin-1 and VpMacin-2). They showed 64.71% similarity with each other. The highest mRNA expression of VpMacin-1 and VpMacin-2 was detected in gills and hepatopancreas, respectively, in non-stimulated clams, and their expression could be induced significantly in hemocytes after Vibrio anguillarum infection. Silencing of VpMacin-1 and VpMacin-2 led to 22% and 49% mortality 6 days post infection. Escherichia coli cells were killed by recombinant protein rVpMacin-1 and rVpMacin-2 within 1000 and 400 min, respectively, at a concentration of 1.0 × MIC. Compared with rVpMacin-1, rVpMacin-2 not only showed higher broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities towards Vibrio strains, but possessed stronger abilities to inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilm. Both membrane integrity and electrochemical assay indicated that rVpMacins were capable of causing bacterial membrane permeabilization, especially for rVpMacin-2. Besides, rVpMacin-1 significantly induced both phagocytic (0.1 and 1.0 × MIC, p < 0.05) and chemotactic effects (0.1 × MIC, p < 0.01) of hemocytes, while there was no significant increase for rVpMacin-2. Overall, our results suggested that VpMacin-1 and VpMacin-2 play important roles in host defense against invasive pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xue
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Yijing Han
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Fan Li
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, PR China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, PR China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
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9
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Baldassarre L, Levy S, Bar-Shalom R, Steindler L, Lotan T, Fraune S. Contribution of Maternal and Paternal Transmission to Bacterial Colonization in Nematostella vectensis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:726795. [PMID: 34707584 PMCID: PMC8544946 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.726795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities confer multiple beneficial effects to their multicellular hosts. To evaluate the evolutionary and ecological implications of the animal-microbe interactions, it is essential to understand how bacterial colonization is secured and maintained during the transition from one generation to the next. However, the mechanisms of symbiont transmission are poorly studied for many species, especially in marine environments, where the surrounding water constitutes an additional source of microbes. Nematostella vectensis, an estuarine cnidarian, has recently emerged as model organism for studies on host-microbes interactions. Here, we use this model organism to study the transmission of bacterial colonizers, evaluating the contribution of parental and environmental transmission to the establishment of bacterial communities of the offspring. We induced spawning in adult male and female polyps of N. vectensis and used their gametes for five individual fertilization experiments. While embryos developed into primary polyps, we sampled each developmental stage and its corresponding medium samples. By analyzing the microbial community compositions of all samples through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we showed that all host tissues harbor microbiota significantly different from the surrounding medium. Interestingly, oocytes and sperms are associated with distinct bacterial communities, indicating the specific vertical transmission of bacterial colonizers by the gametes. These differences were consistent among all the five families analyzed. By overlapping the identified bacterial ASVs associated with gametes, offspring and parents, we identified specific bacterial ASVs that are well supported candidates for vertical transmission via mothers and fathers. This is the first study investigating bacteria transmission in N. vectensis, and among few on marine spawners that do not brood larvae. Our results shed light on the consistent yet distinct maternal and paternal transfer of bacterial symbionts along the different life stages and generations of an aquatic invertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baldassarre
- Institute for Zoology and Organismic Interactions, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Sezione di Oceanografia, Trieste, Italy
| | - Shani Levy
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rinat Bar-Shalom
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Laura Steindler
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Lotan
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sebastian Fraune
- Institute for Zoology and Organismic Interactions, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short and generally positively charged peptides found in a wide variety of life forms from microorganisms to humans. Their wide range of activity against pathogens, including Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and enveloped viruses makes them a fundamental component of innate immunity. Marra et al. (A. Marra, M. A. Hanson, S. Kondo, B. Erkosar, B. Lemaitre, mBio 12:e0082421, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00824-21) use the analytical potential of Drosophila to show that AMPs and lysozymes play a direct role in controlling the composition and abundance of the beneficial gut microbiome. By comparing mutant and wild-type flies, they demonstrated that the specific loss of AMPs and lysozyme production results in changes in microbiome abundance and composition. Furthermore, they established that AMPs and lysozyme are particularly essential in aging flies. Studies of early emerging metazoans, other invertebrates, and humans support the view of an ancestral function of AMPs in controlling microbial colonization.
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11
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Sharma R, Shrivastava S, Kumar Singh S, Kumar A, Saxena S, Kumar Singh R. AniAMPpred: artificial intelligence guided discovery of novel antimicrobial peptides in animal kingdom. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6320952. [PMID: 34259329 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With advancements in genomics, there has been substantial reduction in the cost and time of genome sequencing and has resulted in lot of data in genome databases. Antimicrobial host defense proteins provide protection against invading microbes. But confirming the antimicrobial function of host proteins by wet-lab experiments is expensive and time consuming. Therefore, there is a need to develop an in silico tool to identify the antimicrobial function of proteins. In the current study, we developed a model AniAMPpred by considering all the available antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of length $\in $[10 200] from the animal kingdom. The model utilizes a support vector machine algorithm with deep learning-based features and identifies probable antimicrobial proteins (PAPs) in the genome of animals. The results show that our proposed model outperforms other state-of-the-art classifiers, has very high confidence in its predictions, is not biased and can classify both AMPs and non-AMPs for a diverse peptide length with high accuracy. By utilizing AniAMPpred, we identified 436 PAPs in the genome of Helobdella robusta. To further confirm the functional activity of PAPs, we performed BLAST analysis against known AMPs. On detailed analysis of five selected PAPs, we could observe their similarity with antimicrobial proteins of several animal species. Thus, our proposed model can help the researchers identify PAPs in the genome of animals and provide insight into the functional identity of different proteins. An online prediction server is also developed based on the proposed approach, which is freely accessible at https://aniamppred.anvil.app/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Sharma
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sameer Shrivastava
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonal Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Former Director & Vice Chancellor, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Mason B, Cooke I, Moya A, Augustin R, Lin MF, Satoh N, Bosch TCG, Bourne DG, Hayward DC, Andrade N, Forêt S, Ying H, Ball EE, Miller DJ. AmAMP1 from Acropora millepora and damicornin define a family of coral-specific antimicrobial peptides related to the Shk toxins of sea anemones. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103866. [PMID: 32937163 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A candidate antimicrobial peptide (AmAMP1) was identified by searching the whole genome sequence of Acropora millepora for short (<125AA) cysteine-rich predicted proteins with an N-terminal signal peptide but lacking clear homologs in the SwissProt database. It resembled but was not closely related to damicornin, the only other known AMP from a coral, and was shown to be active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These proteins define a family of AMPs present in corals and their close relatives, the Corallimorpharia, and are synthesised as preproproteins in which the C-terminal mature peptide contains a conserved arrangement of six cysteine residues. Consistent with the idea of a common origin for AMPs and toxins, this Cys motif is shared between the coral AMPs and the Shk neurotoxins of sea anemones. AmAMP1 is expressed at late stages of coral development, in ectodermal cells that resemble the "ganglion neurons" of Hydra, in which it has recently been demonstrated that a distinct AMP known as NDA-1 is expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mason
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Queensland, Australia; Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - I Cooke
- Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Moya
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Queensland, Australia; Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - R Augustin
- Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - M-F Lin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Queensland, Australia; Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Queensland, Australia; Evolutionary Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 904-0495, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - N Satoh
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 904-0495, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - T C G Bosch
- Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - D G Bourne
- Department of Marine Ecosystems and Impacts, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - D C Hayward
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - N Andrade
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Forêt
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Queensland, Australia; Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - H Ying
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - E E Ball
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Queensland, Australia; Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - D J Miller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Queensland, Australia; Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 904-0495, Onna, Okinawa, Japan.
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13
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Joo MS, Choi KM, Cho DH, Choi HS, Min EY, Han HJ, Cho MY, Bae JS, Park CI. The molecular characterization, expression analysis and antimicrobial activity of theromacin from Asian polychaeta (Perinereis linea). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 112:103773. [PMID: 32634521 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are molecular factors in innate immunity and are believed to play a key role in invertebrate host defence. We identified theromacin (TM) from an Asian polychaeta, Perinereis linea, using de novo RNA-seq analysis. TM, a typical AMP of invertebrates, is a cysteine-rich AMP with five disulfide bonds consisting of ten cysteine residues. In gene expression analysis, TM genes were constantly upregulated after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. In contrast, after peptidoglycan (PGN) stimulation, it was upregulated initially and downregulated after 12 h. We synthesized a peptide based on the macin AMP in the TM amino acid sequence. The synthetic peptide showed antibacterial activity against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the AMPs of P. linea might have broad roles in host defence and exhibit different degrees of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Soo Joo
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Choi
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Cho
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sung Choi
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Min
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Han
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Cho
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sol Bae
- National Fishery Products Quality Management Service (NFQS), 337, Yeongdo-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Shen B, Cao Z, Wu Y, Yi W, Zhu Z, Lv Z, Zhu C, Yu Y. Purlisin, a toxin‐like defensin derived from clinical pathogenic fungus
Purpureocillium lilacinum
with both antimicrobial and potassium channel inhibitory activities. FASEB J 2020; 34:15093-15107. [PMID: 32918769 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000029rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingzheng Shen
- Department of Pharmacy Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Zhijian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Zhanyong Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Zhihua Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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15
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Yang D, Han Y, Chen L, Cao R, Wang Q, Dong Z, Liu H, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Zhao J. A macin identified from Venerupis philippinarum: Investigation on antibacterial activities and action mode. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:897-904. [PMID: 31302284 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a macin was cloned and characterized from clam Venerupis philippinarum (designed as VpMacin). The full-length cDNA of VpMacin was of 579 bp, encoding a peptide of 87 amino acids with the predicted molecular weight of 9.7 kDa. Analysis of the conserved domain suggested that VpMacin was a new member of the macin family. In non-stimulated clams, VpMacin transcripts exhibited different tissue expression pattern, and highly expressed in the tissues of gills and hepatopancreas. Generally, the temporal expression of VpMacin transcripts was significantly induced in hemocytes of clams post Vibrio anguillarum challenge. Moreover, the recombinant VpMacin protein (rVpMacin) showed obvious antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. After incubated with 40 μM rVpMacin, all detected Escherichia coli could be killed within 60 min. Membrane integrity analysis revealed that rVpMacin could increase the membrane permeability of bacteria and then resulted in cell death. Overall, our results suggested that VpMacin had an important function in host defense against invasive pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinglong Yang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Yijing Han
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, PR China
| | - Ruiwen Cao
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Zhijun Dong
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China.
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16
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Bruno R, Maresca M, Canaan S, Cavalier JF, Mabrouk K, Boidin-Wichlacz C, Olleik H, Zeppilli D, Brodin P, Massol F, Jollivet D, Jung S, Tasiemski A. Worms' Antimicrobial Peptides. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090512. [PMID: 31470685 PMCID: PMC6780910 DOI: 10.3390/md17090512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural antibiotics produced by all living organisms. In metazoans, they act as host defense factors by eliminating microbial pathogens. But they also help to select the colonizing bacterial symbionts while coping with specific environmental challenges. Although many AMPs share common structural characteristics, for example having an overall size between 10-100 amino acids, a net positive charge, a γ-core motif, or a high content of cysteines, they greatly differ in coding sequences as a consequence of multiple parallel evolution in the face of pathogens. The majority of AMPs is specific of certain taxa or even typifying species. This is especially the case of annelids (ringed worms). Even in regions with extreme environmental conditions (polar, hydrothermal, abyssal, polluted, etc.), worms have colonized all habitats on Earth and dominated in biomass most of them while co-occurring with a large number and variety of bacteria. This review surveys the different structures and functions of AMPs that have been so far encountered in annelids and nematodes. It highlights the wide diversity of AMP primary structures and their originality that presumably mimics the highly diverse life styles and ecology of worms. From the unique system that represents marine annelids, we have studied the effect of abiotic pressures on the selection of AMPs and demonstrated the promising sources of antibiotics that they could constitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Bruno
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, F-13013 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Canaan
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | | | - Kamel Mabrouk
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7273, ICR, F-13013Marseille, France
| | - Céline Boidin-Wichlacz
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Hamza Olleik
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, F-13013 Marseille, France
| | - Daniela Zeppilli
- IFREMER Centre Brest REM/EEP/LEP, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS10070, F-29280Plouzané, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - François Massol
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Didier Jollivet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 AD2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier CS90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Sascha Jung
- Department of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aurélie Tasiemski
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, F-59000 Lille, France.
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17
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Mergaert P. Role of antimicrobial peptides in controlling symbiotic bacterial populations. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:336-356. [PMID: 29393944 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2018 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been known for well over three decades as crucial mediators of the innate immune response in animals and plants, where they are involved in the killing of infecting microbes. However, AMPs have now also been found to be produced by eukaryotic hosts during symbiotic interactions with bacteria. These symbiotic AMPs target the symbionts and therefore have a more subtle biological role: not eliminating the microbial symbiont population but rather keeping it in check. The arsenal of AMPs and the symbionts' adaptations to resist them are in a careful balance, which contributes to the establishment of the host-microbe homeostasis. Although in many cases the biological roles of symbiotic AMPs remain elusive, for a number of symbiotic interactions, precise functions have been assigned or proposed to the AMPs, which are discussed here. The microbiota living on epithelia in animals, from the most primitive ones to the mammals, are challenged by a cocktail of AMPs that determine the specific composition of the bacterial community as well as its spatial organization. In the symbiosis of legume plants with nitrogen-fixing rhizobium bacteria, the host deploys an extremely large panel of AMPs - called nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides - that drive the bacteria into a terminally differentiated state and manipulate the symbiont physiology to maximize the benefit for the host. The NCR peptides are used as tools to enslave the bacterial symbionts, limiting their reproduction but keeping them metabolically active for nitrogen fixation. In the nutritional symbiotic interactions of insects and protists that have vertically transmitted bacterial symbionts with reduced genomes, symbiotic AMPs could facilitate the integration of the endosymbiont and host metabolism by favouring the flow of metabolites across the symbiont membrane through membrane permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mergaert
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, UMR9198, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, CEA, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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18
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Tissue distribution and functional characterization of mytimacin-4 in Mytilus galloprovincialis. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 166:107215. [PMID: 31299225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play fundamental roles in the innate immunity of invertebrates. Mytimacin-4 is a kind of AMP gene previously sequenced from Mytilus galloprovincialis based on an identified EST sequence in our lab. In the present study, the tissue distribution and antimicrobial activities of mytimacin-4 were further investigated. A qRT-PCR analysis revealed that mytimacin-4 transcripts were constitutively expressed in all of the tested tissues of M. galloprovincialis, with the highest expression level in the posterior adductor muscle. After challenge by Vibrio anguillarum, the expression level of mytimacin-4 gene was significantly increased at 24 h (P < 0.05) in the mantle and increased at 48 h (P < 0.05) in the posterior adductor muscle. This finding suggested that mytimacin-4 transcripts were inducible upon pathogen infection. A minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay indicated that recombinant mytimacin-4 protein had potent antimicrobial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Among the tested microorganisms, mytimacin-4 protein exhibited strong inhibition activities against Bacillus subtilis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus with MICs of 0.315 μM and 0.62 μM, respectively. This study provides for the first time direct evidence of antimicrobial action of mytimacin-4 in M. galloprovincialis.
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19
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Grafskaia EN, Nadezhdin KD, Talyzina IA, Polina NF, Podgorny OV, Pavlova ER, Bashkirov PV, Kharlampieva DD, Bobrovsky PA, Latsis IA, Manuvera VA, Babenko VV, Trukhan VM, Arseniev AS, Klinov DV, Lazarev VN. Medicinal leech antimicrobial peptides lacking toxicity represent a promising alternative strategy to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:143-153. [PMID: 31302447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance has necessitated the development of alternative strategies for the treatment of infectious diseases. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), components of the innate immune response in various organisms, are promising next-generation drugs against bacterial infections. The ability of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis to store blood for months with little change has attracted interest regarding the identification of novel AMPs in this organism. In this study, we employed computational algorithms to the medicinal leech genome assembly to identify amino acid sequences encoding potential AMPs. Then, we synthesized twelve candidate AMPs identified by the algorithms, determined their secondary structures, measured minimal inhibitory concentrations against three bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Chlamydia thrachomatis), and assayed cytotoxic and haemolytic activities. Eight of twelve candidate AMPs possessed antimicrobial activity, and only two of them, 3967 (FRIMRILRVLKL) and 536-1 (RWRLVCFLCRRKKV), exhibited inhibition of growth of all tested bacterial species at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 10 μmol. Thus, we evidence the utility of the developed computational algorithms for the identification of AMPs with low toxicity and haemolytic activity in the medicinal leech genome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Grafskaia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia.
| | - K D Nadezhdin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia; M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - I A Talyzina
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - N F Polina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - O V Podgorny
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia; Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - E R Pavlova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
| | - P V Bashkirov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - D D Kharlampieva
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - P A Bobrovsky
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - I A Latsis
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - V A Manuvera
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
| | - V V Babenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - V M Trukhan
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119146, Russia
| | - A S Arseniev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia; M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - D V Klinov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - V N Lazarev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
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20
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Mitchell ML, Shafee T, Papenfuss AT, Norton RS. Evolution of cnidarian
trans
‐defensins: Sequence, structure and exploration of chemical space. Proteins 2019; 87:551-560. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela L. Mitchell
- Medicinal Chemistry Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Bioinformatics Division Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Victoria Australia
- Marine Invertebrates, Museum Victoria Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Biodiversity and Geosciences, Queensland Museum South Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Thomas Shafee
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Animal Plant, and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Anthony T. Papenfuss
- Bioinformatics Division Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Victoria Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Raymond S. Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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21
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Ding A, Shi H, Guo Q, Liu F, Wang J, Cheng B, Wei W, Xu C. Gene cloning and expression of a partial sequence of Hirudomacin, an antimicrobial protein that is increased in leech (Hirudo nipponica Whitman) after a blood meal. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 231:75-86. [PMID: 30794960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The novel antimicrobial gene Hirudomacin (Hmc), with a 249-bp cDNA, encodes a mature protein of 61 amino acids and a 22-amino acid signal peptide. Hmc exhibits the highest similarity, at 90.1%, with macin family members found in the salivary gland of the leech Hirudo nipponica Whitman. A mature Hmc protein concentration of 219 μg/mL was detected using the Bradford method. The mature Hmc protein is 6862.82 Da and contains 8 cysteine residues. Antimicrobial assays showed a minimum bactericidal concentration and 50% lethal dose of 1.56 μg/mL and 0.78 μg/mL, respectively, for Staphylococcus aureus and 0.39 μg/mL and 0.195 μg/mL, respectively, for Bacillus subtilis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed membrane integrity disruption in S. aureus and B. subtilis, which resulted in bacterial lysis. The level of Hmc mRNA in the salivary gland during three blood meal stages indicated a remarkable trend of increase (P < .05), and western blotting demonstrated that among the three blood meal stages, expression of the mature Hmc protein was highest in both the salivary gland and intestine at the fed stage (P < .05). Immunofluorescence further showed the mature Hmc protein to be localized outside the cell nucleus, with the signal intensity in the salivary gland peaking at the fed stage (P < .05). In conclusion, the mature Hmc protein exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and a blood meal upregulates Hmc gene and protein expression in H. nipponica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andong Ding
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongzhuan Shi
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiaosheng Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Boxing Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiwei Wei
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chengfeng Xu
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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22
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Stabili L, Rizzo L, Fanizzi FP, Angilè F, Del Coco L, Girelli CR, Lomartire S, Piraino S, Basso L. The Jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo (Cnidaria): Biochemical Composition of Ovaries and Antibacterial Lysozyme-like Activity of the Oocyte Lysate. Mar Drugs 2018; 17:E17. [PMID: 30597935 PMCID: PMC6356739 DOI: 10.3390/md17010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish outbreaks in marine coastal areas represent an emergent problem worldwide, with negative consequences on human activities and ecosystem functioning. However, potential positive effects of jellyfish biomass proliferation may be envisaged as a natural source of bioactive compounds of pharmaceutical interest. We investigated the biochemical composition of mature female gonads and lysozyme antibacterial activity of oocytes in the Mediterranean barrel jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo. Chemical characterization was performed by means of multinuclear and multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. The ovaries of R. pulmo were mainly composed of water (93.7 ± 1.9% of wet weight), with organic matter (OM) and dry weight made respectively of proteins (761.76 ± 25.11 µg mg-1 and 45.7 ± 1.5%), lipids (192.17 ± 10.56 µg mg-1 and 9.6 ± 0.6%), and carbohydrates (59.66 ± 2.72 µg mg-1 and 3.7 ± 0.3%). The aqueous extract of R. pulmo gonads contained free amino acids, organic acids, and derivatives; the lipid extract was composed of triglycerides (TG), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), diunsaturated fatty acids (DUFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and minor components such as sterols and phospholipids. The R. pulmo oocyte lysate exhibited an antibacterial lysozyme-like activity (mean diameter of lysis of 9.33 ± 0.32 mm corresponding to 1.21 mg/mL of hen egg-white lysozyme). The occurrence of defense molecules is a crucial mechanism to grant healthy development of mature eggs and fertilized embryos (and the reproductive success of the species) by preventing marine bacterial overgrowth. As a corollary, these results call for future investigations for an exploitation of R. pulmo biomasses as a resource of bioactive metabolites of biotechnological importance including pharmaceuticals and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Stabili
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
- Water Research Institute (IRSA) of the National Research Council, S.S. Talassografico of Taranto, Via Roma 3, 74122 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Lucia Rizzo
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 00196, 9- Roma, Italy.
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Federica Angilè
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Chiara Roberta Girelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Silvia Lomartire
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 00196, 9- Roma, Italy.
| | - Lorena Basso
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 00196, 9- Roma, Italy.
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23
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Hornerin contains a Linked Series of Ribosome-Targeting Peptide Antibiotics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16158. [PMID: 30385807 PMCID: PMC6212518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic intrinsically disordered antimicrobial peptides (CIDAMPs) belong to a novel class of epithelial peptide antibiotics with microbicidal activity against various pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Here we show that treatment of distinct bacteria with different hornerin (HRNR)-derived CIDAMPs cause formation of unique cytoplasmic protein aggregates, suggesting a common intracellular mode of action. We further found that, unlike most amphipathic antimicrobial peptides, HRNR traverses bacterial membranes energy-dependently and accumulates within the cytoplasm. Strikingly, certain structurally different, HRNR-based CIDAMPs were found to bind to an identical panel of distinct bacterial ribosomal proteins, thereby manifesting features of several known classes of antibiotics. This may cause the formation of aberrant proteins and toxic protein aggregates in HRNR-treated pathogens which eventually may induce its death. Our study reveals evidence that structurally distinct CIDAMPs of an abundant body surface protein simultaneously target multiple sites of the bacterial protein synthesis machinery.
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24
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Klimovich AV, Bosch TCG. Rethinking the Role of the Nervous System: Lessons From the Hydra Holobiont. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800060. [PMID: 29989180 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Here we evaluate our current understanding of the function of the nervous system in Hydra, a non-bilaterian animal which is among the first metazoans that contain neurons. We highlight growing evidence that the nervous system, with its rich repertoire of neuropeptides, is involved in controlling resident beneficial microbes. We also review observations that indicate that microbes affect the animal's behavior by directly interfering with neuronal receptors. These findings provide new insight into the original role of the nervous system, and suggest that it emerged to orchestrate multiple functions including host-microbiome interactions. The excitement of future research in the Hydra model now relies on uncovering the common rules and principles that govern the interaction between neurons and microbes and the extent to which such laws might apply to other and more complex organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas C G Bosch
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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25
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Al Saiqali M, Tangutur AD, Banoth C, Bhukya B. Antimicrobial and anticancer potential of low molecular weight polypeptides extracted and characterized from leaves of Azadirachta indica. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:906-921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Passarini I, Rossiter S, Malkinson J, Zloh M. In Silico Structural Evaluation of Short Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E72. [PMID: 29933540 PMCID: PMC6160961 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic peptides with antimicrobial properties are ubiquitous in nature and have been studied for many years in an attempt to design novel antibiotics. However, very few molecules are used in the clinic so far, sometimes due to their complexity but, mostly, as a consequence of the unfavorable pharmacokinetic profile associated with peptides. The aim of this work is to investigate cationic peptides in order to identify common structural features which could be useful for the design of small peptides or peptido-mimetics with improved drug-like properties and activity against Gram negative bacteria. Two sets of cationic peptides (AMPs) with known antimicrobial activity have been investigated. The first reference set comprised molecules with experimentally-known conformations available in the protein databank (PDB), and the second one was composed of short peptides active against Gram negative bacteria but with no significant structural information available. The predicted structures of the peptides from the first set were in excellent agreement with those experimentally-observed, which allowed analysis of the structural features of the second group using computationally-derived conformations. The peptide conformations, either experimentally available or predicted, were clustered in an “all vs. all” fashion and the most populated clusters were then analyzed. It was confirmed that these peptides tend to assume an amphipathic conformation regardless of the environment. It was also observed that positively-charged amino acid residues can often be found next to aromatic residues. Finally, a protocol was evaluated for the investigation of the behavior of short cationic peptides in the presence of a membrane-like environment such as dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles. The results presented herein introduce a promising approach to inform the design of novel short peptides with a potential antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Passarini
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.
| | - Sharon Rossiter
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.
| | - John Malkinson
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Mire Zloh
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Business Academy, Trg mladenaca 5, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
- NanoPuzzle Medicines Design, Business & Technology Centre, Bessemer Drive, Stevenage SG1 2DX, UK.
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27
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Gandhi NS, Blancafort P, Mancera RL. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of bioactive engrailed 1 interference peptides (EN1-iPeps). Oncotarget 2018; 9:22383-22397. [PMID: 29854286 PMCID: PMC5976472 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural-specific transcription factor Engrailed 1 - is overexpressed in basal-like breast tumours. Synthetic interference peptides - comprising a cell-penetrating peptide/nuclear localisation sequence and the Engrailed 1-specific sequence from the N-terminus have been engineered to produce a strong apoptotic response in tumour cells overexpressing EN1, with no toxicity to normal or non Engrailed 1-expressing cells. Here scaled molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the conformational dynamics of these interference peptides in aqueous solution to characterise their structure and dynamics. Transitions from disordered to α-helical conformation, stabilised by hydrogen bonds and proline-aromatic interactions, were observed throughout the simulations. The backbone of the wild-type peptide folds to a similar conformation as that found in ternary complexes of anterior Hox proteins with conserved hexapeptide motifs important for recognition of pre-B-cell leukemia Homeobox 1, indicating that the motif may possess an intrinsic preference for helical structure. The predicted NMR chemical shifts of these peptides are consistent with the Hox hexapeptides in solution and Engrailed 2 NMR data. These findings highlight the importance of aromatic residues in determining the structure of Engrailed 1 interference peptides, shedding light on the rational design strategy of molecules that could be adopted to inhibit other transcription factors overexpressed in other cancer types, potentially including other transcription factor families that require highly conserved and cooperative protein-protein partnerships for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha S Gandhi
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Pilar Blancafort
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ricardo L Mancera
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University, Perth WA 6845, Australia
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28
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Mortzfeld BM, Taubenheim J, Fraune S, Klimovich AV, Bosch TCG. Stem Cell Transcription Factor FoxO Controls Microbiome Resilience in Hydra. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:629. [PMID: 29666616 PMCID: PMC5891625 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process is considered to be the result of accumulating cellular deterioration in an individual organism over time. It can be affected by the combined influence of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors including life-style-associated events. In the non-senescent freshwater polyp Hydra, one of the classical model systems for evolutionary developmental biology and regeneration, transcription factor FoxO modulates both stem cell proliferation and innate immunity. This provides strong support for the role of FoxO as a critical rate-of-aging regulator. However, how environmental factors interact with FoxO remains unknown. Here, we find that deficiency in FoxO signaling in Hydra leads to dysregulation of antimicrobial peptide expression and that FoxO loss-of-function polyps are impaired in selection for bacteria resembling the native microbiome and more susceptible to colonization of foreign bacteria. These findings reveal a key role of FoxO signaling in the communication between host and microbiota and embed the evolutionary conserved longevity factor FoxO into the holobiont concept.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Taubenheim
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fraune
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Thomas C G Bosch
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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29
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Grafskaia EN, Polina NF, Babenko VV, Kharlampieva DD, Bobrovsky PA, Manuvera VA, Farafonova TE, Anikanov NA, Lazarev VN. Discovery of novel antimicrobial peptides: A transcriptomic study of the sea anemone Cnidopus japonicus. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2018; 16:1840006. [PMID: 29361893 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720018400061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As essential conservative component of the innate immune systems of living organisms, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) could complement pharmaceuticals that increasingly fail to combat various pathogens exhibiting increased resistance to microbial antibiotics. Among the properties of AMPs that suggest their potential as therapeutic agents, diverse peptides in the venoms of various predators demonstrate antimicrobial activity and kill a wide range of microorganisms. To identify potent AMPs, the study reported here involved a transcriptomic profiling of the tentacle secretion of the sea anemone Cnidopus japonicus. An in silico search algorithm designed to discover toxin-like proteins containing AMPs was developed based on the evaluation of the properties and structural peculiarities of amino acid sequences. The algorithm revealed new proteins of the anemone containing antimicrobial candidate sequences, and 10 AMPs verified using high-throughput proteomics were synthesized. The antimicrobial activity of the candidate molecules was experimentally estimated against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Ultimately, three peptides exhibited antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains, which suggests that the method can be applied to reveal new AMPs in the venoms of other predators as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina N Grafskaia
- * Department of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow 141700, Russia.,† Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a, Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Nadezhda F Polina
- † Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a, Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Vladislav V Babenko
- † Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a, Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Daria D Kharlampieva
- † Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a, Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Pavel A Bobrovsky
- † Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a, Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Valentin A Manuvera
- * Department of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow 141700, Russia.,† Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a, Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Tatyana E Farafonova
- ‡ Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10, Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Anikanov
- † Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a, Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia.,§ Department of Peptide and Protein Technologies Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic, Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Vassili N Lazarev
- * Department of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow 141700, Russia.,† Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a, Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia
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30
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López Y, Cepas V, Soto SM. The Marine Ecosystem as a Source of Antibiotics. GRAND CHALLENGES IN MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69075-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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31
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Augustin R, Schröder K, Murillo Rincón AP, Fraune S, Anton-Erxleben F, Herbst EM, Wittlieb J, Schwentner M, Grötzinger J, Wassenaar TM, Bosch TCG. A secreted antibacterial neuropeptide shapes the microbiome of Hydra. Nat Commun 2017; 8:698. [PMID: 28951596 PMCID: PMC5614986 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization of body epithelial surfaces with a highly specific microbial community is a fundamental feature of all animals, yet the underlying mechanisms by which these communities are selected and maintained are not well understood. Here, we show that sensory and ganglion neurons in the ectodermal epithelium of the model organism hydra (a member of the animal phylum Cnidaria) secrete neuropeptides with antibacterial activity that may shape the microbiome on the body surface. In particular, a specific neuropeptide, which we call NDA-1, contributes to the reduction of Gram-positive bacteria during early development and thus to a spatial distribution of the main colonizer, the Gram-negative Curvibacter sp., along the body axis. Our findings warrant further research to test whether neuropeptides secreted by nerve cells contribute to the spatial structure of microbial communities in other organisms. Certain neuropeptides, in addition to their neuromodulatory functions, display antibacterial activities of unclear significance. Here, the authors show that a secreted neuropeptide modulates the distribution of bacterial communities on the body surface during development of the model organism Hydra.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Augustin
- Zoological Institute and Interdisciplinary Research Center Kiel Life Science, University of Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Schröder
- Zoological Institute and Interdisciplinary Research Center Kiel Life Science, University of Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea P Murillo Rincón
- Zoological Institute and Interdisciplinary Research Center Kiel Life Science, University of Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fraune
- Zoological Institute and Interdisciplinary Research Center Kiel Life Science, University of Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Friederike Anton-Erxleben
- Zoological Institute and Interdisciplinary Research Center Kiel Life Science, University of Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Herbst
- Zoological Institute and Interdisciplinary Research Center Kiel Life Science, University of Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg Wittlieb
- Zoological Institute and Interdisciplinary Research Center Kiel Life Science, University of Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Schwentner
- Zoological Institute and Interdisciplinary Research Center Kiel Life Science, University of Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany.,Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | | | - Trudy M Wassenaar
- Molecular Microbiology and Genomics Consultancy, 55576, Zotzenheim, Germany
| | - Thomas C G Bosch
- Zoological Institute and Interdisciplinary Research Center Kiel Life Science, University of Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
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32
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Kim CH, Lee YJ, Go HJ, Oh HY, Lee TK, Park JB, Park NG. Defensin-neurotoxin dyad in a basally branching metazoan sea anemone. FEBS J 2017; 284:3320-3338. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Hee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Fisheries Sciences; Pukyong National University; Busan Korea
| | - Ye Jin Lee
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Fisheries Sciences; Pukyong National University; Busan Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Go
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Fisheries Sciences; Pukyong National University; Busan Korea
| | - Hye Young Oh
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Fisheries Sciences; Pukyong National University; Busan Korea
| | - Tae Kwan Lee
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Fisheries Sciences; Pukyong National University; Busan Korea
| | - Ji Been Park
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Fisheries Sciences; Pukyong National University; Busan Korea
| | - Nam Gyu Park
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Fisheries Sciences; Pukyong National University; Busan Korea
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33
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Akers PW, Dingley AJ, Swift S, Nelson ARJ, Martin J, McGillivray DJ. Using Neutron Reflectometry to Characterize Antimicrobial Protein Surface Coatings. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5908-5916. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter W. Akers
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J. Dingley
- Institute of Complex
Systems: Strukturbiochemie (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institut
für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon Swift
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew R. J. Nelson
- Australian
Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South
Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Julie Martin
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Duncan J. McGillivray
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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34
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Logashina YA, Solstad RG, Mineev KS, Korolkova YV, Mosharova IV, Dyachenko IA, Palikov VA, Palikova YA, Murashev AN, Arseniev AS, Kozlov SA, Stensvåg K, Haug T, Andreev YA. New Disulfide-Stabilized Fold Provides Sea Anemone Peptide to Exhibit Both Antimicrobial and TRPA1 Potentiating Properties. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E154. [PMID: 28468269 PMCID: PMC5450702 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9050154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel bioactive peptide named τ-AnmTx Ueq 12-1 (short name Ueq 12-1) was isolated and characterized from the sea anemone Urticina eques. Ueq 12-1 is unique among the variety of known sea anemone peptides in terms of its primary and spatial structure. It consists of 45 amino acids including 10 cysteine residues with an unusual distribution and represents a new group of sea anemone peptides. The 3D structure of Ueq 12-1, determined by NMR spectroscopy, represents a new disulfide-stabilized fold partly similar to the defensin-like fold. Ueq 12-1 showed the dual activity of both a moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and a potentiating activity on the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). Ueq 12-1 is a unique peptide potentiator of the TRPA1 receptor that produces analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. The antinociceptive properties allow us to consider Ueq 12-1 as a potential analgesic drug lead with antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Logashina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine,Trubetskaya str. 8, bld. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Runar Gjerp Solstad
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, NO 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Konstantin S Mineev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskyi per., 9, Dolgoprudnyi, 141700, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yuliya V Korolkova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina V Mosharova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Igor A Dyachenko
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
- Pushchino State Natural-Science Institute, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Victor A Palikov
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
- Pushchino State Natural-Science Institute, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Yulia A Palikova
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
- Pushchino State Natural-Science Institute, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Arkadii N Murashev
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Alexander S Arseniev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey A Kozlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Klara Stensvåg
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, NO 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Tor Haug
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, NO 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Yaroslav A Andreev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine,Trubetskaya str. 8, bld. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Park HG, Yeo MK. Toxic effects against bacteria of silver nanocolloids and silver nanotubes in the presence of hydra cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-017-0004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tarr DEK. Establishing a reference array for the CS-αβ superfamily of defensive peptides. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:490. [PMID: 27863510 PMCID: PMC5116183 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Invertebrate defensins" belong to the cysteine-stabilized alpha-beta (CS-αβ), also known as the scorpion toxin-like, superfamily. Some other peptides belonging to this superfamily of defensive peptides are indistinguishable from "defensins," but have been assigned other names, making it unclear what, if any, criteria must be met to qualify as an "invertebrate defensin." In addition, there are other groups of defensins in invertebrates and vertebrates that are considered to be evolutionarily unrelated to those in the CS-αβ superfamily. This complicates analyses and discussions of this peptide group. This paper investigates the criteria for classifying a peptide as an invertebrate defensin, suggests a reference cysteine array that may be helpful in discussing peptides in this superfamily, and proposes that the superfamily (rather than the name "defensin") is the appropriate context for studying the evolution of invertebrate defensins with the CS-αβ fold. METHODS CS-αβ superfamily sequences were identified from previous literature and BLAST searches of public databases. Sequences were retrieved from databases, and the relevant motifs were identified and used to create a conceptual alignment to a ten-cysteine reference array. Amino acid sequences were aligned in MEGA6 with manual adjustments to ensure accurate alignment of cysteines. Phylogenetic analyses were performed in MEGA6 (maximum likelihood) and MrBayes (Bayesian). RESULTS Across invertebrate taxa, the term "defensin" is not consistently applied based on number of cysteines, cysteine spacing pattern, spectrum of antimicrobial activity, or phylogenetic relationship. The analyses failed to reveal any criteria that unify "invertebrate defensins" and differentiate them from other defensive peptides in the CS-αβ superfamily. Sequences from various groups within the CS-αβ superfamily of defensive peptides can be described by a ten-cysteine reference array that aligns their defining structural motifs. CONCLUSIONS The proposed ten-cysteine reference array can be used in addition to current nomenclature to compare sequences in the CS-αβ superfamily and clarify their features relative to one another. This will facilitate analysis and discussion of "invertebrate defensins" in an appropriate evolutionary context, rather than relying on nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ellen K Tarr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA.
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Abstract
Historically, mucosal immunity—i.e., the portion of the immune system that protects an organism’s various mucous membranes from invasion by potentially pathogenic microbes—has been studied in single-cell epithelia in the gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tracts of vertebrates. Phylogenetically, mucosal surfaces appeared for the first time about 560 million years ago in members of the phylum Cnidaria. There are remarkable similarities and shared functions of mucosal immunity in vertebrates and innate immunity in cnidarians, such as Hydra species. Here, we propose a common origin for both systems and review observations that indicate that the ultimately simple holobiont Hydra provides both a new perspective on the relationship between bacteria and animal cells and a new prism for viewing the emergence and evolution of epithelial tissue-based innate immunity. In addition, recent breakthroughs in our understanding of immune responses in Hydra polyps reared under defined short-term gnotobiotic conditions open up the potential of Hydra as an animal research model for the study of common mucosal disorders.
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Balandin SV, Ovchinnikova TV. Antimicrobial peptides of invertebrates. Part 2. biological functions and mechanisms of action. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816201604004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Shafee TMA, Lay FT, Hulett MD, Anderson MA. The Defensins Consist of Two Independent, Convergent Protein Superfamilies. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33:2345-56. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Mariottini GL, Grice ID. Antimicrobials from Cnidarians. A New Perspective for Anti-Infective Therapy? Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E48. [PMID: 27005633 PMCID: PMC4820302 DOI: 10.3390/md14030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of microbes to counter the scientific and therapeutic advancements achieved during the second half of the twentieth century to provide effective disease treatments is currently a significant challenge for researchers in biology and medicine. The discovery of antibiotics, and the subsequent development of synthetic antimicrobial compounds, altered our therapeutic approach towards infectious diseases, and improved the quality and length of life for humans and other organisms. The current alarming rise in cases of antibiotic-resistance has forced biomedical researchers to explore new ways to recognize and/or produce new antimicrobials or to find other approaches for existing therapeutics. Aquatic organisms are known to be a source of compounds having the potential to play a role in fighting the battle against pathogenic microbes. In this connection, cnidarians occupy a pre-eminent role. Over the past few decades several studies have explored the antimicrobial/antibiotic properties of cnidarian extracts with the aim of isolating compounds possessing useful therapeutic features. This paper aims to review the existing data on this subject, taking into account the possible utilization of identified compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luigi Mariottini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, Genova I-16132, Italy.
| | - Irwin Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics and School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport 4222, Queensland, Australia.
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Cadavid LF. RESOLUCIÓN DE CONFLICTOS AL INTERIOR DEL ORGANISMO: EL PAPEL DEL SISTEMA INMUNE. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2016. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v21n1supl.50973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>El sistema inmune de los animales está constituido por una gran variedad de células y moléculas que colectivamente reconocen, neutralizan y eliminan potenciales agentes nocivos, tanto bióticos como abióticos. El estudio del sistema inmune ha estado tradicionalmente sesgado hacía algunas especies de importancia médica o económica, a expensas de la gran mayoría de especies que constituyen la diversidad animal. Con la actual facilidad de secuenciar genomas y transcriptomas, se ha abierto la posibilidad de estudiar los sistemas inmunes de muy variados grupos animales. Uno de estos grupos es los cnidarios, que incluye a los corales, anémonas y medusas, en los que el estudio del sistema inmune ha probado ser de gran utilidad para entender dos tipos de conflictos de relevancia en la supervivencia de estos organismos. El primero es la respuesta de los corales a enfermedades de carácter infeccioso y el segundo hace referencia a las reacciones de histocompatibilidad que median la competencia intraespecífica por el espacio habitable. Este artículo de reflexión trata en detalle el papel del sistema inmune de los cnidarios en la resolución de estos conflictos.</p><p> </p><p>Abstract</p><p>The immune system of animals is constituted by a large diversity of cells and molecules that collectively recognize, neutralize, and eliminate potential damaging agents, both biotic and abiotic. The study of the immune system has been traditionally biased towards some species with medical or economic importance, at the expense of the vast majority of species that constitute the animal diversity. With the current possibility of easily sequencing genomes and transcriptomes, there is an opportunity to study the immune systems of a wide variety of animal groups. One of these groups is the cnidarians, which include corals, anemones and jellyfishes, in which the study of the immune system has proved useful to understand two types of conflicts that are relevant for the survival of these organisms. The first one is the response of corals to diseases of infectious nature and the second relates to histocompatibility reactions, which mediate intraspecific competitions for habitable space. This article details the role of the cnidarian immune system to mediate the resolution of these two conflicts.</p><p> </p>
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Natarajan SB, Kim YS, Hwang JW, Park PJ. Immunomodulatory properties of shellfish derivatives associated with human health. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Some vital components of marine shellfish are documented as an important source for both nutritional and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yon-Suk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology
- Konkuk University
- Chungju 380-701
- Republic of Korea
- Nokyong Research Centre
| | - Jin-Woo Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology
- Konkuk University
- Chungju 380-701
- Republic of Korea
- Nokyong Research Centre
| | - Pyo-Jam Park
- Department of Biotechnology
- Konkuk University
- Chungju 380-701
- Republic of Korea
- Nokyong Research Centre
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Buzgariu W, Al Haddad S, Tomczyk S, Wenger Y, Galliot B. Multi-functionality and plasticity characterize epithelial cells in Hydra. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e1068908. [PMID: 26716072 PMCID: PMC4681288 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2015.1068908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial sheets, a synapomorphy of all metazoans but porifers, are present as 2 layers in cnidarians, ectoderm and endoderm, joined at their basal side by an extra-cellular matrix named mesoglea. In the Hydra polyp, epithelial cells of the body column are unipotent stem cells that continuously self-renew and concomitantly express their epitheliomuscular features. These multifunctional contractile cells maintain homeostasis by providing a protective physical barrier, by digesting nutrients, by selecting a stable microbiota, and by rapidly closing wounds. In addition, epithelial cells are highly plastic, supporting the adaptation of Hydra to physiological and environmental changes, such as long starvation periods where survival relies on a highly dynamic autophagy flux. Epithelial cells also play key roles in developmental processes as evidenced by the organizer activity they develop to promote budding and regeneration. We propose here an integrative view of the homeostatic and developmental aspects of epithelial plasticity in Hydra.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Buzgariu
- Department of Genetics and Evolution; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGe3); Faculty of Sciences; University of Geneva; Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Al Haddad
- Department of Genetics and Evolution; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGe3); Faculty of Sciences; University of Geneva; Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Tomczyk
- Department of Genetics and Evolution; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGe3); Faculty of Sciences; University of Geneva; Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y Wenger
- Department of Genetics and Evolution; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGe3); Faculty of Sciences; University of Geneva; Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Galliot
- Department of Genetics and Evolution; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGe3); Faculty of Sciences; University of Geneva; Geneva, Switzerland
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Hansmann B, Schröder JM, Gerstel U. Skin-Derived C-Terminal Filaggrin-2 Fragments Are Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Directed Antimicrobials Targeting Bacterial Replication. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005159. [PMID: 26371476 PMCID: PMC4570713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil- and waterborne bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa are constantly challenging body surfaces. Since infections of healthy skin are unexpectedly rare, we hypothesized that the outermost epidermis, the stratum corneum, and sweat glands directly control the growth of P. aeruginosa by surface-provided antimicrobials. Due to its high abundance in the upper epidermis and eccrine sweat glands, filaggrin-2 (FLG2), a water-insoluble 248 kDa S100 fused-type protein, might possess these innate effector functions. Indeed, recombinant FLG2 C-terminal protein fragments display potent antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and other Pseudomonads. Moreover, upon cultivation on stratum corneum, P. aeruginosa release FLG2 C-terminus-containing FLG2 fragments from insoluble material, indicating liberation of antimicrobially active FLG2 fragments by the bacteria themselves. Analyses of the underlying antimicrobial mechanism reveal that FLG2 C-terminal fragments do not induce pore formation, as known for many other antimicrobial peptides, but membrane blebbing, suggesting an alternative mode of action. The association of the FLG2 fragment with the inner membrane of treated bacteria and its DNA-binding implicated an interference with the bacterial replication that was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo replication assays. Probably through in situ-activation by soil- and waterborne bacteria such as Pseudomonads, FLG2 interferes with the bacterial replication, terminates their growth on skin surface and thus may contributes to the skin's antimicrobial defense shield. The apparent absence of FLG2 at certain body surfaces, as in the lung or of burned skin, would explain their higher susceptibility towards Pseudomonas infections and make FLG2 C-terminal fragments and their derivatives candidates for new Pseudomonas-targeting antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Hansmann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Gerstel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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Gerdol M, Venier P. An updated molecular basis for mussel immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:17-38. [PMID: 25700785 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-self recognition with the consequent tolerance or immune reaction is a crucial process to succeed as living organisms. At the same time the interactions between host species and their microbiome, including potential pathogens and parasites, significantly contribute to animal life diversity. Marine filter-feeding bivalves, mussels in particular, can survive also in heavily anthropized coastal waters despite being constantly surrounded by microorganisms. Based on the first outline of the Mytilus galloprovincialis immunome dated 2011, the continuously growing transcript data and the recent release of a draft mussel genome, we explored the available sequence data and scientific literature to reinforce our knowledge on the main gene-encoded elements of the mussel immune responses, from the pathogen recognition to its clearance. We carefully investigated molecules specialized in the sensing and targeting of potential aggressors, expected to show greater molecular diversification, and outlined, whenever relevant, the interconnected cascades of the intracellular signal transduction. Aiming to explore the diversity of extracellular, membrane-bound and intracellular pattern recognition receptors in mussel, we updated a highly complex immune system, comprising molecules which are described here in detail for the first time (e.g. NOD-like receptors) or which had only been partially characterized in bivalves (e.g. RIG-like receptors). Overall, our comparative sequence analysis supported the identification of over 70 novel full-length immunity-related transcripts in M. galloprovincialis. Nevertheless, the multiplicity of gene functions relevant to immunity, the involvement of part of them in other vital processes, and also the lack of a refined mussel genome make this work still not-exhaustive and support the development of more specific studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgeri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Paola Venier
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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46
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Recombinant Production of Snakin-2 (an Antimicrobial Peptide from Tomato) in E. coli and Analysis of Its Bioactivity. Molecules 2015; 20:14889-901. [PMID: 26287145 PMCID: PMC6332222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200814889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a diverse group of biologically active molecules that are part of the innate immune systems of a variety of organisms. Their primary function consists of protecting the host organism against invading microorganisms, including pathogens. AMPs show a broad spectrum of secondary structures, which are essential for antimicrobial activity. In this study, we produced snakin-2 (SN2), a 66-amino-acid-(aa)-long AMP from Solanum lycopersicum as a recombinant protein in E. coli. This AMP belongs to the GASA/GAST protein family and possesses a highly conserved 60-aa-long domain with six disulfide bonds in the C-terminus of the peptide. Because of the toxicity of SN2 against its producing E. coli strain, the AMP was attached to an N-terminal fusion protein (thioredoxin A), which was removed after affinity chromatography purification. The total yield of recombinant SN2 was approximately 1 mg/L. The membrane-active SN2 showed a bactericidal and fungicidal bioactivity, which can be explained by perforation of biomembranes of bacteria and fungi.
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Michalek M, Jung S, Shomali MR, Cauchard S, Sönnichsen FD, Grötzinger J. Solution structure and functional studies of the highly potent equine antimicrobial peptide DEFA1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:668-72. [PMID: 25769951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Defensins are small effector molecules of the innate immune system that are present in almost all organisms including plants and animals. These peptides possess antimicrobial activity against a broad range of microbes including bacteria, fungi and viruses and act as endogenous antibiotics. α-Defensins are a subfamily of the defensin family and their expression is limited to specific tissues. Equine DEFA1 is an enteric α-defensin exclusively secreted by Paneth cells and shows an activity against a broad spectrum of microbes, including typical pathogens of the horse such as Rhodococcus equi, various streptococci strains, Salmonella choleraesuis, and Pasteurella multocida. Here, we report the three-dimensional structure of DEFA1 solved by NMR-spectroscopy and demonstrate its specific function of aggregating various phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Michalek
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sascha Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mohammad R Shomali
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Severine Cauchard
- ANSES, Dozulé Laboratory for Equine Diseases, Bacteriology and Parasitology Unit, 14430 Goustranville, France
| | - Frank D Sönnichsen
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Joachim Grötzinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
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Thompson JR, Rivera HE, Closek CJ, Medina M. Microbes in the coral holobiont: partners through evolution, development, and ecological interactions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 4:176. [PMID: 25621279 PMCID: PMC4286716 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, genetic and genomic studies have revealed the astonishing diversity and ubiquity of microorganisms. Emergence and expansion of the human microbiome project has reshaped our thinking about how microbes control host health-not only as pathogens, but also as symbionts. In coral reef environments, scientists have begun to examine the role that microorganisms play in coral life history. Herein, we review the current literature on coral-microbe interactions within the context of their role in evolution, development, and ecology. We ask the following questions, first posed by McFall-Ngai et al. (2013) in their review of animal evolution, with specific attention to how coral-microbial interactions may be affected under future environmental conditions: (1) How do corals and their microbiome affect each other's genomes? (2) How does coral development depend on microbial partners? (3) How is homeostasis maintained between corals and their microbial symbionts? (4) How can ecological approaches deepen our understanding of the multiple levels of coral-microbial interactions? Elucidating the role that microorganisms play in the structure and function of the holobiont is essential for understanding how corals maintain homeostasis and acclimate to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle R. Thompson
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hanny E. Rivera
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Collin J. Closek
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, USA
| | - Mónica Medina
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, USA
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Ocampo ID, Cadavid Gutierrez LF. MECHANISMS OF IMMUNE RESPONSES IN CNIDARIANS. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2014. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v20n2.46728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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50
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Vidal-Dupiol J, Dheilly NM, Rondon R, Grunau C, Cosseau C, Smith KM, Freitag M, Adjeroud M, Mitta G. Thermal stress triggers broad Pocillopora damicornis transcriptomic remodeling, while Vibrio coralliilyticus infection induces a more targeted immuno-suppression response. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107672. [PMID: 25259845 PMCID: PMC4178034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global change and its associated temperature increase has directly or indirectly changed the distributions of hosts and pathogens, and has affected host immunity, pathogen virulence and growth rates. This has resulted in increased disease in natural plant and animal populations worldwide, including scleractinian corals. While the effects of temperature increase on immunity and pathogen virulence have been clearly identified, their interaction, synergy and relative weight during pathogenesis remain poorly documented. We investigated these phenomena in the interaction between the coral Pocillopora damicornis and the bacterium Vibrio coralliilyticus, for which the infection process is temperature-dependent. We developed an experimental model that enabled unraveling the effects of thermal stress, and virulence vs. non-virulence of the bacterium. The physiological impacts of various treatments were quantified at the transcriptome level using a combination of RNA sequencing and targeted approaches. The results showed that thermal stress triggered a general weakening of the coral, making it more prone to infection, non-virulent bacterium induced an ‘efficient’ immune response, whereas virulent bacterium caused immuno-suppression in its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- CNRS, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Nolwenn M. Dheilly
- CNRS, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
| | - Rodolfo Rondon
- CNRS, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
- Reponse Immunitaire des Macroorganismes et Environnement, Ecologie des Systèmes Marins côtiers, UMR 5119 CNRS-Ifremer-UM2, Montpellier, France
| | - Christoph Grunau
- CNRS, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
| | - Céline Cosseau
- CNRS, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
| | - Kristina M. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael Freitag
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Mehdi Adjeroud
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité 227 CoRéUs2 “Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l’Indo-Pacifique”, Laboratoire d’excellence CORAIL, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- CNRS, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
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