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Li W, Zou L, Huang S, Miao H, Liu K, Geng Y, Liu Y, Wu W. The anticancer activity of bile acids in drug discovery and development. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1362382. [PMID: 38444942 PMCID: PMC10912613 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1362382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) constitute essential components of cholesterol metabolites that are synthesized in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and excreted into the intestine through the biliary system. They play a crucial role in nutrient absorption, lipid and glucose regulation, and the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. In additional, BAs have demonstrated the ability to attenuate disease progression such as diabetes, metabolic disorders, heart disease, and respiratory ailments. Intriguingly, recent research has offered exciting evidence to unveil their potential antitumor properties against various cancer cell types including tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, gastric cancer, colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, gallbladder cancer, neuroblastoma, and others. Up to date, multiple laboratories have synthesized novel BA derivatives to develop potential drug candidates. These derivatives have exhibited the capacity to induce cell death in individual cancer cell types and display promising anti-tumor activities. This review extensively elucidates the anticancer activity of natural BAs and synthetic derivatives in cancer cells, their associated signaling pathways, and therapeutic strategies. Understanding of BAs and their derivatives activities and action mechanisms will evidently assist anticancer drug discovery and devise novel treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zou
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijie Miao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Geng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenguang Wu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
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Tang JL, Zhao MC, Chen H, Zhao BE, Wang YY, Guo YC, Wang TT, Cheng X, Ruan HR, Zhang JT, Wang HB. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GL001 alleviates jejunal oxidative damage induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by influencing jejunal tissue metabolism through the improvement of jejunal microbial composition. Life Sci 2023; 334:122234. [PMID: 37931744 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) injury is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, yet its precise mechanisms remain not fully understood. IIR injury is closely linked to the gut microbiota and its metabolites. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum are specific to IIR. In our study, we conducted a 30-day pre-treatment of SD rats with both a standard strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GL001. After a 7-day cessation of treatment, we induced an IIR injury model to investigate the mechanisms by which Lactiplantibacillus plantarum alleviates IIR damage. The results demonstrate that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum effectively mitigates the inflammatory and oxidative stress damage induced by IIR. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GL001 can improve the gut microbiota by reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria and increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria. In IIR intestinal tissue, the levels of secondary bile acids are elevated. The content of the bacterial metabolite Calcimycin increases. Annotations of metabolic pathways suggest that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GL001 can alleviate IIR damage by modulating calcium-phosphorus homeostasis through the regulation of parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, and action. Microbiota-metabolite correlation analysis reveals a significant negative correlation between calcimycin and Lactonacillus and a significant positive correlation between calcimycin and Shigella. There is also a significant positive correlation between calcimycin and secondary bile acids. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GL001 can alleviate oxidative damage induced by IIR through improvements in gut microbiota and intestinal tissue metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Lang Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Ming-Chao Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Bing-Er Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Ying-Chao Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Hong-Ri Ruan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Jian-Tao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Hong-Bin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China.
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Yang L, Chen Y, Ji H, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Li J, Wang Y, Xie Z, Yuan W, Liang H, Miao M. Per- and Poly-fluoroalkyl Substances and Bile Acid Profiles in Pregnant Women. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15869-15881. [PMID: 37821457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in bile acid (BA) profiles are closely associated with adverse outcomes in pregnant women and their offspring and may be one potential pathway underlying the related metabolic effects of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure. However, evidence of associations between PFAS exposure and BA profiles in pregnant women is scarce. This study examined the associations of individual PFAS and PFAS mixture with BA profiles of pregnant women. We obtained quantitative data on the plasma concentrations of 13 PFAS and 15 BAs in 645 pregnant women from the Jiashan birth cohort. In Bayesian kernel machine regression models, the PFAS mixture was associated with increased plasma CA, TCA, TCDCA, and GLCA levels but with decreased GCA and LCA concentrations. Furthermore, the PFAS mixture was associated with increased concentrations of total BAs and the secondary/primary BA ratio but with decreased conjugated/unconjugated and glycine/taurine-conjugated BA ratios. PFHxS, PFUdA, PFOS, PFNA, and PFDA were the dominant contributors. The results of the linear regression analysis of individual PFAS were generally similar. Our findings provide the first epidemiological evidence for the associations of a PFAS mixture with BA profiles in pregnant women and may provide explanatory insights into the biological pathways underlying the related metabolic effects of PFAS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglei Ji
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Toxicology, National Reference Laboratory of Dioxin, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Hospital of SIPPR, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
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Huang F, Mariani N, Pariante CM, Borsini A. From dried bear bile to molecular investigation of differential effects of bile acids in ex vivo and in vitro models of myocardial dysfunction: Relevance for neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 32:100674. [PMID: 37593199 PMCID: PMC10430170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids have been known to have both beneficial and detrimental effects on heart function, and as a consequence this can affect the brain. Inflammation is a key factor linking the heart and the brain, bile acids can reduce inflammation in the heart and, as a consequence, neuroinflammation, which may be due to the activation of different peripheral and central cellular and molecular mechanisms. Herein, we compile data published so far and summarise evidence demonstrating the effects of bile acids on myocardial cell viability and function, and its related mechanisms, in ex vivo and in vitro studies conducted in homeostatic state or in models of cardiovascular diseases. Studies show that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) do not affect the viability or contraction of cardiomyocytes in homeostatic state, and while UDCA has the capability to prevent the effect of hypoxia on reduced cell viability and beating rate, TUDCA can protect endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis and cardiac contractile dysfunction. In contrast, deoxycholic acid (DCA) decreases contraction rate in homeostatic state, but it also prevents hypoxia-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, whereas lithocholic acid (LCA) can rescue doxazosin-induced apoptosis. Moreover, glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) and taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) decrease contraction, whereas CDCA decreases cell viability in homeostatic conditions. The mechanisms underlying the aforementioned contrasting effects involve a differential regulation of the TGR5, M2R and FXR receptors, as well as the cAMP signalling pathway. Overall, this review confirms the therapeutic potential of certain types of bile acids: UDCA, TUDCA, and potentially LCA, in cardiovascular diseases. By reducing inflammation in the heart, bile acids can improve heart-brain communication and promote overall health. Additional investigations are required to better elucidate mechanisms of action and more personalized clinical therapeutic doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, PR China
| | - Nicole Mariani
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | - Carmine M. Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
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Abramczyk J, Milkiewicz M, Hula B, Milkiewicz P, Kempinska-Podhorodecka A. The Role of hsa-miR-125b-5p Interaction with S1P/Ceramide Axis in the Potential Development of Inflammation-Associated Colon Cancer in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119175. [PMID: 37298127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterised by the co-occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases, particularly ulcerative colitis (UC). We investigated how the interaction of miR-125b with the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/ceramide axis may predispose patients with PSC, PSC/UC, and UC to carcinogenesis in the ascending and sigmoid colons. The overexpression of miR-125b was accompanied by the upregulation of S1P, ceramide synthases, ceramide kinases, and the downregulation of AT-rich interaction domain 2 in the ascending colon of PSC/UC, which contributed to the progression of high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) colorectal carcinoma. We also showed that the overexpression of sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2) and the genes involved in the glycolytic pathway in the sigmoid colon of UC led to the upregulation of Interleukin 17 (IL-17). In vitro stimulation of human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2, HT-29, and NCM460D) with lipopolysaccharide suppressed miR-125b and increased proinflammatory cytokines, whereas the induction of miR-125b activity by either a miR-125b mimetic or lithocholic acid resulted in the inhibition of miR-125b targets. In summary, miR-125b overexpression was associated with an imbalance in the S1P/ceramide axis that can lead to MSI-H cancer progression in PSC/UC. Furthermore, SPHK2 overexpression and a change in the cellular metabolic flux are important players in inflammation-associated colon cancer in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Abramczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Milkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Hula
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Potential Role of ROS in Butyrate- and Dietary Fiber-Mediated Growth Inhibition and Modulation of Cell Cycle-, Apoptosis- and Antioxidant-Relevant Proteins in LT97 Colon Adenoma and HT29 Colon Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020440. [PMID: 36672389 PMCID: PMC9857069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to chemopreventive effects of fermentation supernatants (FS) of different dietary fibers (Synergy1®, oat-, barley-, yeast β-glucan, Curdlan) and butyrate as a fermentation metabolite. LT97 and HT29 cells were treated with butyrate and FS alone or with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and their impact on ROS formation, cell growth, and protein expression (Cyclin D2, p21, PARP, Bid, GPx2) was investigated. Butyrate and FS significantly decreased cell growth. ROS levels were significantly increased, particularly in LT97 cells, while co-treatment with NAC decreased ROS formation and growth inhibitory effects in both cell lines. After treatment with butyrate and FS, Cyclin D2 expression was reduced in LT97 cells and p21 expression was increased in both cell lines. Levels of full-length PARP and Bid were decreased, while levels of cleaved PARP were enhanced. GPx2 expression was significantly reduced by fiber FS in HT29 cells. A notable effect of NAC on butyrate- and FS-modulated protein expression was observed exclusively for PARP and Bid in HT29 cells. From the present results, a contribution of ROS to growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of butyrate and FS on LT97 and HT29 cells cannot be excluded.
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Bile acids and their receptors in regulation of gut health and diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101210. [PMID: 36577494 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that bile acids play important roles in lipid metabolism. In recent decades, bile acids have also been shown to function as signaling molecules via interacting with various receptors. Bile acids circulate continuously through the enterohepatic circulation and go through microbial transformation by gut microbes, and thus bile acids metabolism has profound effects on the liver and intestinal tissues as well as the gut microbiota. Farnesoid X receptor and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 are two pivotal bile acid receptors that highly expressed in the intestinal tissues, and they have emerged as pivotal regulators in bile acids metabolism, innate immunity and inflammatory responses. There is considerable interest in manipulating the metabolism of bile acids and the expression of bile acid receptors as this may be a promising strategy to regulate intestinal health and disease. This review aims to summarize the roles of bile acids and their receptors in regulation of gut health and diseases.
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Jiang S, Miao Z. High-fat diet induces intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in ulcerative colitis: emerging mechanisms and dietary intervention perspective. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:653-677. [PMID: 36915785 PMCID: PMC10006746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is increasing worldwide, but its pathogenesis remains largely unclear. The intestinal mucosa is a barrier that maintains the stability of the body's internal environment, and dysfunction of this barrier leads to the occurrence and aggravation of UC. A high-fat diet (HFD) contains more animal fat and low fiber, and accumulating evidence has shown that long-term intake of an HFD is associated with UC. The mechanism linking an HFD with intestinal mucosal barrier disruption is multifactorial, and it typically involves microbiota dysbiosis and altered metabolism of fatty acids, bile acids, and tryptophan. Dysbiosis-induced metabolic changes can enhance intestinal permeability through multiple pathways. These changes modulate the programmed death of intestinal epithelial cells, inhibit the secretion of goblet cells and Paneth cells, and impair intercellular interactions. Gut metabolites can also induce intestinal immune imbalance by stimulating multiple proinflammatory signaling pathways and decreasing the effect of anti-inflammatory immune cells. In this review, we critically analyze the molecular mechanisms by which an HFD disrupts the intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) and contributes to the development of UC. We also discuss the application and future direction of dietary intervention in the treatment of the IMB and prevention of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Jiang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiwei Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Mechanism of Bile Acid-Induced Programmed Cell Death and Drug Discovery against Cancer: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137184. [PMID: 35806184 PMCID: PMC9266679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are major signaling molecules that play a significant role as emulsifiers in the digestion and absorption of dietary lipids. Bile acids are amphiphilic molecules produced by the reaction of enzymes with cholesterol as a substrate, and they are the primary metabolites of cholesterol in the body. Bile acids were initially considered as tumor promoters, but many studies have deemed them to be tumor suppressors. The tumor-suppressive effect of bile acids is associated with programmed cell death. Moreover, based on this fact, several synthetic bile acid derivatives have also been used to induce programmed cell death in several types of human cancers. This review comprehensively summarizes the literature related to bile acid-induced programmed cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis, and the status of drug development using synthetic bile acid derivatives against human cancers. We hope that this review will provide a reference for the future research and development of drugs against cancer.
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In vitro protoscolicidal effects of lithocholic acid on protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus and its mechanism. Exp Parasitol 2022; 239:108280. [PMID: 35594934 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Surgery has been found to be the best choice of treatment for hydatidosis. However, leakage of cyst contents during surgery is the foremost reason for recurrence of hydatidosis. In this study, we investigated the in vitro efficacy of lithocholic acid (LCA) against Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. The protoscoleces were divided into a control group, an albendazole (ABZ) positive control group and LCA intervention groups at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mmol/L and stained with 0.1% eosin for observation using an inverted microscope; the protoscolecal ultrastructure was examined with SEM and TEM; the activities of ROS, SOD, and caspase-3 were investigated using an ROS kit, SOD kit, and caspase-3 kit, respectively; the contents of HO-1 and NQO-1 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; and the expression level of cytochrome c (Ctyc) was analyzed by western blotting. Results: As the concentration of LCA increased, the survival rate of protoscoleces gradually decreased. The microstructure shows that the external shape and internal structure were gradually deformed and collapse. SOD, GSH, HO-1 and NQO-1 decreased more significantly in the 3 mmol/L LCA group. However, ROS levels gradually increased. LCA treatment for 3 days at all concentrations significantly increased caspase-3 activity and expression in a dose-dependent manner. LCA decreased the level of Ctyc protein in vitro. LCA demonstrated a parasiticidal effect on the protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro. LCA may induce apoptosis of E. granulosus protoscoleces by oxidative stress and mitochondrial pathways.
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Abstract
In recent years, the role of gut microbial metabolites on the inhibition and progression of cancer has gained significant interest in anticancer research. It has been established that the gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in the development, treatment and prognosis of different cancer types which is often mediated through the gut microbial metabolites. For instance, gut microbial metabolites including bacteriocins, short-chain fatty acids and phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites have displayed direct and indirect anticancer activities through different molecular mechanisms. Despite the reported anticancer activity, some gut microbial metabolites including secondary bile acids have exhibited pro-carcinogenic properties. This review draws a critical summary and assessment of the current studies demonstrating the carcinogenic and anticancer activity of gut microbial metabolites and emphasises the need to further investigate the interactions of these metabolites with the immune system as well as the tumour microenvironment in molecular mechanistic and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Jaye
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia,CONTACT Deep Jyoti Bhuyan ; NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW2751, Australia
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Camilleri M. Bile acid detergency: permeability, inflammation, and effects of sulfation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G480-G488. [PMID: 35258349 PMCID: PMC8993532 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00011.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids are amphipathic, detergent molecules. The detergent effects of di-α-hydroxy-bile acids are relevant to several colonic diseases. The aims were to review the concentrations of bile acids reaching the human colon in health and disease, the molecular structure of bile acids that determine detergent functions and the relationship to human diseases (neuroendocrine tumors, microscopic colitis, active celiac disease, and ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and ileal resection), the relationship to bacterial uptake into the mucosa, mucin depletion, and epithelial damage, the role of bile acids in mucosal inflammation and microscopic colitis, and the role of sulfation of bile salts in detoxification or prevention of the detergent effects of bile acids. The concentrations of bile acids reaching the human colon range from 2 to 10 mM; di-α-hydroxy bile acids are the only bile acids with detergent effects that include mucin depletion, mucosal damage, bacterial uptake, and microscopic inflammation that may be manifest in diseases associated with no overt inflammation of the mucosa, such as bile acid diarrhea, ileal diseases such as neuroendocrine tumors, ileal resection, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Sulfation inactivates colonic secretion due to primary bile acids, but it may render secondary bile acids proinflammatory in the colon. Other evidence in preclinical models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suggests reduced sulfation causes barrier dysfunction, inflammation, or carcinogenesis. These advances emphasize relevance and opportunities afforded by greater understanding of the chemistry and metabolism of bile acids, which stands to be further enhanced by research into the metabolic interactions of microbiota with bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Shen D, Zeng Y, Zhang W, Li Y, Zhu J, Liu Z, Yan Z, Huang JA. Chenodeoxycholic acid inhibits lung adenocarcinoma progression via the integrin α5β1/FAK/p53 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 923:174925. [PMID: 35364069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide and is classified into non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC accounts for approximately 80%-85% of all lung cancer cases. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), a primary bile acid, has been reported to inhibit carcinoma cell proliferation. Here, we aimed to determine the effects and mechanism of action of CDCA against lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the protein and mRNA expression levels in LUAD cell lines, respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 and clone formation assays were performed to evaluate the proliferation ability of different cell types in vitro. Tumor cell motility was evaluated using Transwell assays. The transcriptional profile of A549 cells treated with CDCA was determined through RNA sequencing analysis. A xenograft model was established to evaluate the effects of CDCA on LUAD progression in vivo. RESULTS CDCA inhibited LUAD cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, it promoted apoptosis in LUAD cells. Mechanistically, CDCA inhibited the integrin α5β1 signaling pathway in LUAD cells by inhibiting the expression of the α5 and β1 subunits of integrin and phosphorylated FAK. Moreover, CDCA induced an increase in the levels of p53, a downstream gene of the integrin α5β1/FAK pathway. In addition, CDCA significantly decreased tumor volume in mice without inducing significant toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that CDCA attenuates LUAD pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo via the integrin α5β1/FAK/p53 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jianjie Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Zhaowei Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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14
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Lajczak-McGinley NK, Porru E, Fallon CM, Smyth J, Curley C, McCarron PA, Tambuwala MM, Roda A, Keely SJ. The secondary bile acids, ursodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, protect against intestinal inflammation by inhibition of epithelial apoptosis. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14456. [PMID: 32562381 PMCID: PMC7305237 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased epithelial permeability is a key feature of IBD pathogenesis and it has been proposed that agents which promote barrier function may be of therapeutic benefit. We have previously reported the secondary bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), to be protective in a mouse model of colonic inflammation and that its bacterial metabolism is required for its beneficial effects. The current study aimed to compare the effects of UDCA, LCA, and a non‐metabolizable analog of UDCA, 6‐methyl‐UDCA (6‐MUDCA), on colonic barrier function and mucosal inflammation in a mouse model of colonic inflammation. Bile acids were administered daily to C57Bl6 mice by intraperitoneal injection. Colonic inflammation, induced by addition of DSS (2.5%) to the drinking water, was measured as disease activity index (DAI) and histological score. Epithelial permeability and apoptosis were assessed by measuring FITC‐dextran uptake and caspase‐3 cleavage, respectively. Cecal bile acids were measured by HPLC‐MS/MS. UDCA and LCA, but not 6‐MUDCA, were protective against DSS‐induced increases in epithelial permeability and colonic inflammation. Furthermore, UDCA and LCA inhibited colonic epithelial caspase‐3 cleavage both in DSS‐treated mice and in an in vitro model of cytokine‐induced epithelial injury. HPLC‐MS/MS analysis revealed UDCA administration to increase colonic LCA levels, whereas LCA administration did not alter UDCA levels. UDCA, and its primary metabolite, LCA, protect against intestinal inflammation in vivo, at least in part, by inhibition of epithelial apoptosis and promotion of barrier function. These data suggest that clinical trials of UDCA in IBD patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia K Lajczak-McGinley
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Emanule Porru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ciara M Fallon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jessica Smyth
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Caitriona Curley
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paul A McCarron
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Aldo Roda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,INBB, National Institute of Bio structures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
| | - Stephen J Keely
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
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15
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Xu W, Che Y, Zhang Q, Huang H, Ding C, Wang Y, Wang G, Cao L, Hao H. Apaf-1 Pyroptosome Senses Mitochondrial Permeability Transition. Cell Metab 2021; 33:424-436.e10. [PMID: 33308446 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-4 is an intracellular sensor for cytosolic bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and underlies infection-elicited pyroptosis. It is unclear whether and how caspase-4 detects host-derived factors to trigger pyroptosis. Here we show that mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) activates caspase-4 by promoting the assembly of a protein complex, which we term the Apaf-1 pyroptosome, for the execution of facilitated pyroptosis. MPT, when induced by bile acids, calcium overload, or an adenine nucleotide translocator 1 (ANT1) activator, triggers assembly of the pyroptosome comprised of Apaf-1 and caspase-4 with a stoichiometry ratio of 7:2. Unlike the direct cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD) by caspase-4 upon LPS ligation, caspase-4 activated in the Apaf-1 pyroptosome proceeds to cleave caspase-3 and thereby GSDME to induce pyroptosis. Caspase-4-initiated and GSDME-executed pyroptosis underlies cholestatic liver failure. These findings identify Apaf-1 pyroptosome as a pivotal machinery for cells sensing MPT signals and may shed light on understanding how cells execute intrinsic pyroptosis under sterile conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Che
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chujie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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16
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Gong X, Zhang Q, Ruan Y, Hu M, Liu Z, Gong L. Chronic Alcohol Consumption Increased Bile Acid Levels in Enterohepatic Circulation and Reduced Efficacy of Irinotecan. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 55:264-277. [PMID: 32232424 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of ethanol intake on the whole enterohepatic circulation (EHC) of bile acids (BAs) and, more importantly, on pharmacokinetics of irinotecan. METHODS The present study utilized a mouse model administered by gavage with 0 (control), 240 mg/100 g (30%, v/v) and 390 mg/100 g (50%, v/v) ethanol for 6 weeks, followed by BA profiles in the whole EHC (including liver, gallbladder, intestine and plasma) and colon using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Pharmacokinetic parameters of irinotecan were measured after administration of irinotecan (i.v. 5 mg/kg) on alcohol-treated mice. RESULTS The results showed that compared with the control group, concentrations of most free-BAs, total amount of the three main forms of BAs (free-BA, taurine-BA and glycine-BA) and total BAs (TBAs) in 50% ethanol intake group were significantly increased, which are mostly attributed to the augmentation of free-BAs and taurine-BAs. Additionally, the TBAs in liver and gallbladder and the BA pool were markedly increased in the 30% ethanol intake group. Importantly, ethanol intake upregulated the expression of BA-related enzymes (Cyp7a1, Cyp27a1, Cyp8b1 and Baat) and transporters (Bsep, Mrp2, P-gp and Asbt) and downregulated the expression of transporter Ntcp and nuclear receptor Fxr in the liver and ileum, respectively. Additionally, 50% ethanol intake caused fairly distinct liver injury. Furthermore, the AUC0-24 h of irinotecan and SN38 were significantly reduced but their clearance was significantly increased in the disrupted EHC of BA by 50% ethanol intake. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that ethanol intake altered the expression of BA-related synthetases and transporters. The BA levels, especially the toxic BAs (chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid), in the whole EHC were significantly increased by ethanol intake, which may provide a potential explanation to illuminate the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. Most importantly, chronic ethanol consumption had a significant impact on the pharmacokinetics (AUC0-24 h and clearance) of irinotecan and SN38; hence colon cancer patients with chronic alcohol consumption treated with irinotecan deserve our close attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Gong
- 232 Waihuan Donglu, Guangzhou Daxuecheng, Panyu District, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Qisong Zhang
- 232 Waihuan Donglu, Guangzhou Daxuecheng, Panyu District, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Yanjiao Ruan
- 232 Waihuan Donglu, Guangzhou Daxuecheng, Panyu District, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Ming Hu
- 232 Waihuan Donglu, Guangzhou Daxuecheng, Panyu District, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.,Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Huston, 1441 Moursund St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- 232 Waihuan Donglu, Guangzhou Daxuecheng, Panyu District, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Lingzhi Gong
- 232 Waihuan Donglu, Guangzhou Daxuecheng, Panyu District, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
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17
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Dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum modified gut microbiota, bile acid profile and glucose homoeostasis in weaning piglets. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:797-808. [PMID: 32436488 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) have emerged as signalling molecules regulating intestinal physiology. The importance of intestinal microbiota in production of secondary BA, for example, lithocholic acid (LCA) which impairs enterocyte proliferation and permeability, triggered us to determine the effects of oral probiotics on intestinal BA metabolism. Piglets were weaned at 28 d of age and allocated into control (CON, n 14) or probiotic (PRO, n 14) group fed 50 mg of Lactobacillus plantarum daily, and gut microbiota and BA profile were determined. To test the potential interaction of LCA with bacteria endotoxins in inducing damage of enterocytes, IPEC-J2 cells were treated with LCA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LCA + LPS and expressions of genes related to inflammation, antioxidant capacity and nutrient transport were determined. Compared with the CON group, the PRO group showed lower total LCA level in the ileum and higher relative abundance of the Lactobacillus genus in faeces. In contrast, the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Parabacteroides and Ruminococcus_1, important bacteria genera in BA biotransformation, were all lower in the PRO than in the CON group. Moreover, PRO piglets had lower postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 level, while higher glucose level than CON piglets. Co-administration of LPS and LCA led to down-regulated expression of glucose and peptide transporter genes in IPEC-J2 cells. Altogether, oral L. plantarum altered BA profile probably by modulating relative abundances of gut microbial genera that play key roles in BA metabolism and might consequently impact glucose homoeostasis. The detrimental effect of LCA on nutrient transport in enterocytes might be aggravated under LPS challenge.
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18
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Wong WM, Cao J, Zhang X, Doyle WI, Mercado LL, Gautron L, Meeks JP. Physiology-forward identification of bile acid-sensitive vomeronasal receptors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz6868. [PMID: 32523992 PMCID: PMC7259934 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz6868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mouse accessory olfactory system (AOS) supports social and reproductive behavior through the sensation of environmental chemosignals. A growing number of excreted steroids have been shown to be potent AOS cues, including bile acids (BAs) found in feces. As is still the case with most AOS ligands, the specific receptors used by vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) to detect BAs remain unknown. To identify VSN BA receptors, we first performed a deep analysis of VSN BA tuning using volumetric GCaMP6f/s Ca2+ imaging. These experiments revealed multiple populations of BA-receptive VSNs with submicromolar sensitivities. We then developed a new physiology-forward approach for identifying AOS ligand-receptor interactions, which we call Fluorescence Live Imaging for Cell Capture and RNA sequencing, or FLICCR-seq. FLICCR-seq analysis revealed five specific V1R family receptors enriched in BA-sensitive VSNs. These studies introduce a powerful new approach for ligand-receptor matching and reveal biological mechanisms underlying mammalian BA chemosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Mai Wong
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Xingjian Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Wayne I. Doyle
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Luis L. Mercado
- Division of Hypothalamic Research and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Laurent Gautron
- Division of Hypothalamic Research and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Julian P. Meeks
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas, USA
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19
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Lin S, Yang X, Yuan P, Yang J, Wang P, Zhong H, Zhang X, Che L, Feng B, Li J, Zhuo Y, Lin Y, Xu S, Wu D, Burrin DG, Fang Z. Undernutrition Shapes the Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Profile in Association with Altered Gut-Liver FXR Signaling in Weaning Pigs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3691-3701. [PMID: 30864445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids, synthesized in the liver and metabolized by microbiota, have emerged as important signaling molecules regulating immune responses and cell proliferation. However, the crosstalk among nutrition, microbiota, and bile acids remains unclear. Our study indicated that undernutrition in weaning piglets led to intestinal atrophy, increased colonic production, and systemic accumulation of lithocholic acid (LCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), or their conjugated forms, which might be associated with decreased Lactobacillus abundance. Moreover, undernutrition led to increased portal fibroblast growth factor 19 ( FGF19) level, upregulated hepatic heterodimer partner ( SHP), and downregulated cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase ( CYP7A1) expression. The detrimental effects of DCA and LCA on proliferation and barrier function were confirmed in porcine enterocytes, whereas their roles in weaning piglets warrant further research. In summary, undernutrition in weaning piglets led to increased secondary bile acids production, which might be related to altered gut microbiome and enhanced farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling while CYP7A1 expression was suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peiqiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiameng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Heju Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Douglas G Burrin
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
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20
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Ma H, Kang Q, Wang T, Xiao J, Yu L. Liquid crystals-based sensor for the detection of lithocholic acid coupled with competitive host-guest inclusion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 173:178-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Arlia-Ciommo A, Leonov A, Mohammad K, Beach A, Richard VR, Bourque SD, Burstein MT, Goldberg AA, Kyryakov P, Gomez-Perez A, Koupaki O, Titorenko VI. Mechanisms through which lithocholic acid delays yeast chronological aging under caloric restriction conditions. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34945-34971. [PMID: 30405886 PMCID: PMC6201858 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
All presently known geroprotective chemical compounds of plant and microbial origin are caloric restriction mimetics because they can mimic the beneficial lifespan- and healthspan-extending effects of caloric restriction diets without the need to limit calorie supply. We have discovered a geroprotective chemical compound of mammalian origin, a bile acid called lithocholic acid, which can delay chronological aging of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under caloric restriction conditions. Here, we investigated mechanisms through which lithocholic acid can delay chronological aging of yeast limited in calorie supply. We provide evidence that lithocholic acid causes a stepwise development and maintenance of an aging-delaying cellular pattern throughout the entire chronological lifespan of yeast cultured under caloric restriction conditions. We show that lithocholic acid stimulates the aging-delaying cellular pattern and preserves such pattern because it specifically modulates the spatiotemporal dynamics of a complex cellular network. We demonstrate that this cellular network integrates certain pathways of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, some intercompartmental communications, mitochondrial morphology and functionality, and liponecrotic and apoptotic modes of aging-associated cell death. Our findings indicate that lithocholic acid prolongs longevity of chronologically aging yeast because it decreases the risk of aging-associated cell death, thus increasing the chance of elderly cells to survive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Leonov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karamat Mohammad
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam Beach
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent R Richard
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon D Bourque
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Pavlo Kyryakov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Olivia Koupaki
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Peroxisomes and cancer: The role of a metabolic specialist in a disease of aberrant metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:103-121. [PMID: 30012421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is irrevocably linked to aberrant metabolic processes. While once considered a vestigial organelle, we now know that peroxisomes play a central role in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species, bile acids, ether phospholipids (e.g. plasmalogens), very-long chain, and branched-chain fatty acids. Immune system evasion is a hallmark of cancer, and peroxisomes have an emerging role in the regulation of cellular immune responses. Investigations of individual peroxisome proteins and metabolites support their pro-tumorigenic functions. However, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding how individual functions of proteins and metabolites of the peroxisome orchestrate its potential role as a pro-tumorigenic organelle. This review highlights new advances in our understanding of biogenesis, enzymatic functions, and autophagic degradation of peroxisomes (pexophagy), and provides evidence linking these activities to tumorigenesis. Finally, we propose avenues that may be exploited to target peroxisome-related processes as a mode of combatting cancer.
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23
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Thakare R, Alamoudi JA, Gautam N, Rodrigues AD, Alnouti Y. Species differences in bile acids I. Plasma and urine bile acid composition. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1323-1335. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhishikesh Thakare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Jawaher Abdullah Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - A. David Rodrigues
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc.; Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
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24
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Luu TH, Bard JM, Carbonnelle D, Chaillou C, Huvelin JM, Bobin-Dubigeon C, Nazih H. Lithocholic bile acid inhibits lipogenesis and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 41:13-24. [PMID: 28993998 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has amply been documented that mammary tumor cells may exhibit an increased lipogenesis. Biliary acids are currently recognized as signaling molecules in the intestine, in addition to their classical roles in the digestion and absorption of lipids. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of lithocholic acid (LCA) on the lipogenesis of breast cancer cells. The putative cytotoxic effects of LCA on these cells were also examined. METHODS The effects of LCA on breast cancer-derived MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were studied using MTT viability assays, Annexin-FITC and Akt phosphorylation assays to evaluate anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties, qRT-PCR and Western blotting assays to assess the expression of the bile acid receptor TGR5 and the estrogen receptor ERα, and genes and proteins involved in apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2, p53) and lipogenesis (SREBP-1c, FASN, ACACA). Intracellular lipid droplets were visualized using Oil Red O staining. RESULTS We found that LCA induces TGR5 expression and exhibits anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Also, an increase in pro-apoptotic p53 protein expression and a decrease in anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression were observed after LCA treatment of MCF-7 cells. In addition, we found that LCA reduced Akt phosphorylation in MCF-7 cells, but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. We also noted that LCA reduced the expression of SREBP-1c, FASN and ACACA in both breast cancer-derived cell lines and that cells treated with LCA contained low numbers of lipid droplets compared to untreated control cells. Finally, a decrease in ERα expression was observed in MCF-7 cells treated with LCA. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a potential therapeutic role of lithocholic acid in breast cancer cells through a reversion of lipid metabolism deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang H Luu
- Faculté de Pharmacie, EA 2160 MMS - Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH Ouest), ULB Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Bard
- Faculté de Pharmacie, EA 2160 MMS - Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH Ouest), ULB Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- ICO René Gauducheau, Unicancer, St Herblain, France
| | - Delphine Carbonnelle
- Faculté de Pharmacie, EA 2160 MMS - Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH Ouest), ULB Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Chloé Chaillou
- Faculté de Pharmacie, EA 2160 MMS - Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH Ouest), ULB Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Michel Huvelin
- Faculté de Pharmacie, EA 2160 MMS - Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH Ouest), ULB Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Christine Bobin-Dubigeon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, EA 2160 MMS - Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH Ouest), ULB Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- ICO René Gauducheau, Unicancer, St Herblain, France
| | - Hassan Nazih
- Faculté de Pharmacie, EA 2160 MMS - Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH Ouest), ULB Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
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Magiera K, Tomala M, Kubica K, De Cesare V, Trost M, Zieba BJ, Kachamakova-Trojanowska N, Les M, Dubin G, Holak TA, Skalniak L. Lithocholic Acid Hydroxyamide Destabilizes Cyclin D1 and Induces G 0/G 1 Arrest by Inhibiting Deubiquitinase USP2a. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:458-470.e18. [PMID: 28343940 PMCID: PMC5404848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
USP2a is a deubiquitinase responsible for stabilization of cyclin D1, a crucial regulator of cell-cycle progression and a proto-oncoprotein overexpressed in numerous cancer types. Here we report that lithocholic acid (LCA) derivatives are inhibitors of USP proteins, including USP2a. The most potent LCA derivative, LCA hydroxyamide (LCAHA), inhibits USP2a, leading to a significant Akt/GSK3β-independent destabilization of cyclin D1, but does not change the expression of p27. This leads to the defects in cell-cycle progression. As a result, LCAHA inhibits the growth of cyclin D1-expressing, but not cyclin D1-negative cells, independently of the p53 status. We show that LCA derivatives may be considered as future therapeutics for the treatment of cyclin D1-addicted p53-expressing and p53-defective cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Magiera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Tomala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kubica
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Virginia De Cesare
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthias Trost
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Bartosz J Zieba
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Neli Kachamakova-Trojanowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Les
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Zhang YM, Xu X, Yu Q, Liu YH, Zhang YH, Chen LX, Liu Y. Reversing the Cytotoxicity of Bile Acids by Supramolecular Encapsulation. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3266-3274. [PMID: 28398754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular encapsulation has been developed into a powerful tool in clearance of toxic substances and hazardous waste from living body and external environments. Herein we tested the special efficacy of tyramine-modified β-cyclodextrin (1) in inhibiting and reversing of the inherent cytotoxicity of deoxycholic acid (DCA). The decarboxylation from tyrosine to tyramine in 1 is crucial to the mutual electrostatic communication, ultimately leading to great enhancement in binding affinity and molecular selectivity toward bile acids. As a result, the DCA-mediated cytotoxicity could be largely eliminated by the biocompatible 1. Meanwhile, the excess DCA could be rapidly excreted by 1 via rat urinary clearance, thus facilitating the decrease of DCA concentration in blood. This study presents a proof of principle that the supramolecular encapsulation with functional cyclodextrin derivatives can efficiently modulate the cell progression and remove the cytotoxic DCA, which provides a practical approach to prevent or treat bile acid-involved diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Hua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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Marchionatti AM, Pérez A, Rivoira MA, Rodríguez VA, Tolosa de Talamoni NG. Lithocholic acid: a new emergent protector of intestinal calcium absorption under oxidant conditions. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:273-279. [PMID: 28318299 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LCA and 1,25(OH)2D3 are vitamin D receptor ligands with different binding affinity. The secosteroid stimulates intestinal Ca2+ absorption. Whether LCA alters this process remains unknown. The aim of our work was to determine the effect of LCA on intestinal Ca2+ absorption in the absence or presence of NaDOC, bile acid that inhibits the cation transport. The data show that LCA by itself did not alter intestinal Ca2+ absorption, but prevented the inhibitory effect of NaDOC. The concomitant administration of LCA avoided the reduction of intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity caused by NaDOC. In addition, LCA blocked a decrease caused by NaDOC on gene and protein expression of molecules involved in the transcellular pathway of intestinal Ca2+ absorption. The oxidative stress and apoptosis triggered by NaDOC were abrogated by LCA co-treatment. In conclusion, LCA placed in the intestinal lumen protects intestinal Ca2+ absorption against the inhibitory effects caused by NaDOC. LCA avoids the reduction of the transcellular Ca2+ movement, apparently by blocking the oxidative stress and apoptosis triggered by NaDOC, normalizing the gene and protein expression of molecules involved in Ca2+ movement. Therefore, LCA might become a possible treatment to improve intestinal calcium absorption under oxidant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Marchionatti
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Pérez
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María A Rivoira
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Valeria A Rodríguez
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nori G Tolosa de Talamoni
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Liu N, Zhao J, Wang J, Teng H, Fu Y, Yuan H. Farnesoid X receptor ligand CDCA suppresses human prostate cancer cells growth by inhibiting lipid metabolism via targeting sterol response element binding protein 1. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:5118-5124. [PMID: 27904713 PMCID: PMC5126355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM A wealth of studies have demonstrated that abnormal cellular lipid metabolism plays an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) development. Therefore, manipulating lipid metabolism is a potential PCa therapy strategy. In this study, our goal is to investigate the role of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in regulating the proliferation and lipid metabolism of human PCa cells following its ligand chenodexycholic acid (CDCA) treatment. METHODS Oil Red O was used to stain lipid contents in PCa cells, and siRNA knockdown was performed to deplete FXR expression. To study the cell proliferation when treated by CDCA or FXR knockdown, cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) was adopted to evaluate tumor cell growth. Western blot was used for protein analysis. RESULTS Our data suggest that activation of FXR by CDCA reduces lipid accumulation and significantly inhibits cells proliferation in prostate tumor cells. Instead, CDCA treatment doesn't affect normal prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cells growth in vitro. FXR activation decreases mRNA and protein levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and some other key regulators involved in lipid metabolism. Depletion of FXR by siRNA attenuates the inhibitory effects. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that activation of FXR inhibits lipid metabolism via SREBP1 pathway and further suppresses prostate tumor growth in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Jinguo Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Haolin Teng
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Yaowen Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
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29
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Gafar AA, Draz HM, Goldberg AA, Bashandy MA, Bakry S, Khalifa MA, AbuShair W, Titorenko VI, Sanderson JT. Lithocholic acid induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in human prostate cancer cells. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2445. [PMID: 27896021 PMCID: PMC5119235 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithocholic acid (LCA) is a secondary bile acid that is selectively toxic to human neuroblastoma, breast and prostate cancer cells, whilst sparing normal cells. We previously reported that LCA inhibited cell viability and proliferation and induced apoptosis and necrosis of androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in the toxicity of LCA in PC-3 and autophagy deficient, androgen-independent DU-145 cells. LCA induced ER stress-related proteins, such as CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2-alpha (p-eIF2α) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK) in both cancer cell-types. The p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and B cell lymphoma-like protein 11 (BIM) levels were decreased at overtly toxic LCA concentrations, although PUMA levels increased at lower LCA concentrations in both cell lines. LCA induced autophagy-related conversion of microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3BI-LC3BII), and autophagy-related protein ATG5 in PC-3 cells, but not in autophagy-deficient DU-145 cells. LCA (>10 µM) increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration-dependently in PC-3 cells, whereas ROS levels were not affected in DU-145 cells. Salubrinal, an inhibitor of eIF2α dephosphorylation and ER stress, reduced LCA-induced CHOP levels slightly in PC-3, but not DU-145 cells. Salubrinal pre-treatment increased the cytotoxicity of LCA in PC-3 and DU-145 cells and resulted in a statistically significant loss of cell viability at normally non-toxic concentrations of LCA. The late-stage autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 exacerbated LCA toxicity at subtoxic LCA concentrations in PC-3 cells. The antioxidant α-tocotrienol strongly inhibited the toxicity of LCA in PC-3 cells, but not in DU-145 cells. Collectively, although LCA induces autophagy and ER stress in PC-3 cells, these processes appear to be initially of protective nature and subsequently consequential to, but not critical for the ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity of LCA. The full mechanism of LCA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity in the similarly sensitive DU-145 cells remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Gafar
- Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, QC, Canada; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam M Draz
- Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alexander A Goldberg
- Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, QC, Canada; McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed A Bashandy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Sayed Bakry
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Khalifa
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Walid AbuShair
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | | | - J Thomas Sanderson
- Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) , Laval , QC , Canada
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30
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Wang X, Zhang Z, He X, Mao W, Zhou L, Li P. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid induces NR8383 cells apoptosis via PKC/JNK-dependent pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 786:109-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Shi H, Lei Y, Wang B, Wang Z, Xing G, Lv H, Jiang Y. Protoscolicidal effects of chenodeoxycholic acid on protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus. Exp Parasitol 2016; 167:76-82. [PMID: 27207732 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dissemination of protoscoleces-rich fluid during surgical operation for cystic echinococcosis is a major cause of its recurrence. Instillation of a scolicidal agent into hydatid cysts to reduce the risk of spillage of viable protoscoleces is an integral part of the surgical technique employed by many surgeons. In this study, the protoscolicidal effect of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was investigated. Freshly isolated protoscoleces were subjected to CDCA treatment (500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 μmol/L), and the effects on protoscoleces were investigated with the help of 0.1% eosin staining, electron microscopy, and colorimetric assay of caspase-3 like activity. Dose-dependent mortality of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces was observed within a few days of CDCA treatment. The treated protoscoleces showed loss of viability, and morphological changes such as contraction of the soma region, formation of blebs, rostellar disorganization, loss of hooks, destruction of microtriches, and formation of vesicles, lipid droplets, and lamellar bodies. Apoptosis was evident in the treated protoscoleces, as compared to the control group, which were cultivated for nearly 3 months. Our study indicates a therapeutic potential for CDCA as a protoscolicidal agent against E. granulosus. However, further studies are needed to test the long-term effects of CDCA in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Shi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832008, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Ying Lei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832008, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832008, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832008, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Guoqiang Xing
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832008, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Hailong Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832008, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832008, Xinjiang, China.
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32
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Abstract
The ubiquitin–proteasome system has been recognized as fundamental toward protein turnover in eukaryotic cells. The system comprises the ubiquitin conjugation machinery consisting of an enzyme cascade of E1, E2, and E3 enzymes, the deubiquitinases (DUBs) and the proteasome, a multisubunit protease complex acting through an N-terminal threonine protease mechanism. A number of natural product inhibitors of the proteasome have been studied in detail and these inhibitors and their derivatives have been highly valuable in developing our understanding of this system. These efforts culminated in the successful development of bortezomib as a pharmacological agent used clinically as a cancer therapeutic in the treatment of multiple myeloma. This review is focused on natural product inhibitors of the enzymes involved in intracellular ubiquitin conjugation (ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, ubiquitin ligase E3) and ubiquitin deconjugation (DUBs). Members of both of these enzyme systems have been proposed as pharmacological targets for cancer therapy and several other diseases. Furthermore compounds with activities toward enzymes from the analogous ubiquitin-like (Ubl) protein families have been identified for SUMO and NEDD8. To date natural product inhibitors have been described for members of each of these protein families and were isolated from plant, fungal, animal, and microbial sources. Insights into the mechanism of action of natural products and their derivatives will enhance our understanding of this complex system and will improve our ability to rationally design novel inhibitors. The increased availability of assays and research tools for the study of protein ubiquitination, deubiquitination, and Ubl proteins will contribute to the discovery of more potent and selective compounds. We expect that these studies will stimulate development of further potential pharmacological agents in this area.
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Right colon carcinoma infiltrating the alimentary limb in a patient with biliopancreatic diversion. Int Surg 2015; 99:354-8. [PMID: 25058764 DOI: 10.9738/intsurg-d-12-00017.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) has excellent results, with the average patient losing 60% to 80% of the excess weight in the first 2 years. However, the BPD works by malabsorption and malabsorptive problems may be experienced with the operation. Therefore, monitoring is necessary for life. In the recent literature there is some debate over the possibility that this technique can increase the risk of colon cancer secondary to the action of the unabsorbed food and bile acid on colonic mucosa. We report the case of a 42-year-old patient with a previous bariatric surgery (BPD with 50 cm common channel; 300 cm alimentary limb) who developed a very aggressive right colon cancer 6 years after the operation. We also review our series of 330 patients operated on during a 14-year period to try to answer if there is any relationship between BPD and colon cancer.
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34
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Kundu S, Kumar S, Bajaj A. Cross-talk between bile acids and gastrointestinal tract for progression and development of cancer and its therapeutic implications. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:514-23. [PMID: 26177921 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing incidences of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer are linked to changes in lifestyle with excess of red meat/fat consumption, and elevated secretion of bile acids. Bile acids are strong signaling molecules that control various physiological processes. Failure in bile acid regulation has detrimental effects, often linked with development and promotion of cancer of digestive tract including esophagus, stomach, liver, and intestine. Excessive concentration of bile acids especially lipophillic secondary bile acids are cytotoxic causing apoptosis and reactive oxygen species-mediated damage to the cells. Resistance to this apoptosis and accumulation of mutations leads to progression of cancer. Cytotoxicity of bile acids is contingent on their chemical structure. In this review, we discuss the chemistry of bile acids, bile acid mediated cellular signaling processes, their role in GI cancer progression, and therapeutic potential of synthetic bile acid derivatives for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanath Kundu
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.,Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.,Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
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Penney NC, Kinross J, Newton RC, Purkayastha S. The role of bile acids in reducing the metabolic complications of obesity after bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1565-74. [PMID: 26081915 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is currently the most efficacious treatment for obesity and its associated metabolic co-morbidities, such as diabetes. The metabolic improvements occur through both weight-dependent and weight-independent mechanisms. Bile acids (BAs) have emerged as key signalling molecules that have a central role in modulating many of the physiological effects seen after bariatric surgery. This systematic review assesses the evidence from both human and animal studies for the role of BAs in reducing the metabolic complications of obesity following bariatric surgery. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of Medline and Embase databases to identify all articles investigating the role of BAs in mediating the metabolic changes observed following bariatric surgery in both animal and human studies. Boolean logic was used with relevant search terms, including the following MeSH terms: 'bile acids and salts', 'bariatric surgery', 'metabolic surgery', 'gastrointestinal tract/surgery' and 'obesity/surgery'. RESULTS Following database searches (n=1197), inclusion from bibliography searches (n=2) and de-duplication (n=197), 1002 search results were returned. Of these, 132 articles were selected for full-text review, of which 38 articles were deemed relevant and included in the review. The findings support the effects of BAs on satiety, lipid and cholesterol metabolism, incretins and glucose homoeostasis, energy metabolism, gut microbiota and endoplasmic reticulum stress following bariatric surgery. Many of these metabolic effects are modulated through the BA receptors FXR and TGR5. We also explore a possible link between BAs and carcinogenesis following bariatric surgery. CONCLUSIONS Overall there is good evidence to support the role of BAs in the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery through the above mechanisms. BAs could serve as a novel therapeutic pharmacological target for the treatment of obesity and its associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Penney
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Kinross
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R C Newton
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Purkayastha
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Gankhuyag N, Singh B, Maharjan S, Choi YJ, Cho CS, Cho MH. Galactosylated poly(ethyleneglycol)-lithocholic Acid selectively kills hepatoma cells, while sparing normal liver cells. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:777-87. [PMID: 25657071 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Delivering drugs selectively to cancer cells but not to nearby normal cells is a major obstacle in drug therapy. In this study, lithocholic acid (LCA), a potent anti-cancer drug, is converted to two forms of poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) conjugates, viz., PEG-LCA (PL) and lactobionic acid (LBA) conjugated PEG-LCA (LPL). The latter form contains a galactose ligand in LBA to target the hepatocytes. Both forms are self-assembled to form nanoparticle formulation, and they have high potency than LCA to kill HepG2 cancer cells, sparing normal LO2 cells. Besides, LPL has high specificity to mouse liver cells in vivo. Western blot results confirm that the cell death is occurred through apoptosis induced by LPL nanoparticles. In conclusion, the induction of apoptosis and cell death is much more efficient with LPL nanoparticles than LCA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomundelger Gankhuyag
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Bijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Sushila Maharjan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea.
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
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Bile acid signaling through farnesoid X and TGR5 receptors in hepatobiliary and intestinal diseases. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2015; 14:18-33. [PMID: 25655287 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(14)60307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The well-known functions of bile acids (BAs) are the emulsification and absorption of lipophilic xenobiotics. However, the emerging evidences in the past decade showed that BAs act as signaling molecules that not only autoregulate their own metabolism and enterohepatic recirculation, but also as important regulators of integrative metabolism by activating nuclear and membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptors. The present review was to get insight into the role of maintenance of BA homeostasis and BA signaling pathways in development and management of hepatobiliary and intestinal diseases. DATA SOURCES Detailed and comprehensive search of PubMed and Scopus databases was carried out for original and review articles. RESULTS Disturbances in BA homeostasis contribute to the development of several hepatobiliary and intestinal disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis, cholesterol gallstone disease, intestinal diseases and both hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma. CONCLUSION Further efforts made in order to advance the understanding of sophisticated BA signaling network may be promising in developing novel therapeutic strategies related not only to hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal but also systemic diseases.
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Singh M, Bansal S, Kundu S, Bhargava P, Singh A, Motiani RK, Shyam R, Sreekanth V, Sengupta S, Bajaj A. Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Mechanistic Investigation of Lithocholic Acid Amphiphiles for Colon Cancer Therapy. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015; 6:192-201. [PMID: 25685308 PMCID: PMC4322782 DOI: 10.1039/c4md00223g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report a structure-activity relationship of lithocholic acid amphiphiles for their anticancer activities against colon cancer. We synthesized ten cationic amphiphiles differing in nature of cationic charged head groups using lithocholic acid. We observed that anticancer activities of these amphiphiles against colon cancer cell lines are contingent on nature of charged head group. Lithocholic acid based amphiphile possessing piperidine head group (LCA-PIP1 ) is ~10 times more cytotoxic as compared to its precursor. Biochemical studies revealed that enhanced activity of LCA-PIP1 as compared to lithocholic acid is due to greater activation of apoptosis.LCA-PIP1 induces sub G0 arrest and causes cleavage of caspases. A single dose of lithocholic acid-piperidine derivative is enough to reduce the tumor burden by 75% in tumor xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Singh
- The Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 180 Udyog Vihar, Phase 1, Gurgaon-122016, Haryana, India
| | - Sandhya Bansal
- The Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 180 Udyog Vihar, Phase 1, Gurgaon-122016, Haryana, India
| | - Somanath Kundu
- The Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 180 Udyog Vihar, Phase 1, Gurgaon-122016, Haryana, India
- Manipal University, Manipal, Karnatka, India.
| | - Priyanshu Bhargava
- The Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 180 Udyog Vihar, Phase 1, Gurgaon-122016, Haryana, India
| | - Ashima Singh
- The Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 180 Udyog Vihar, Phase 1, Gurgaon-122016, Haryana, India
| | - Rajender K. Motiani
- The Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 180 Udyog Vihar, Phase 1, Gurgaon-122016, Haryana, India
| | - Radhey Shyam
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asif Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vedagopuram Sreekanth
- The Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 180 Udyog Vihar, Phase 1, Gurgaon-122016, Haryana, India
- Manipal University, Manipal, Karnatka, India.
| | - Sagar Sengupta
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asif Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- The Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 180 Udyog Vihar, Phase 1, Gurgaon-122016, Haryana, India
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Ruiz-Gaspà S, Dubreuil M, Guañabens N, Combalia A, Peris P, Monegal A, Parés A. Ursodeoxycholic acid decreases bilirubin-induced osteoblast apoptosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:1206-14. [PMID: 25331234 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low bone turnover osteoporosis is common in cholestatic diseases. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) counteracts the damaging effects of bilirubin or lithocholic acid (LCA) on osteoblast viability, proliferation and mineralisation. UDCA is anti-apoptotic in various cell lines, but this effect in bone cells is unknown. Therefore, the consequences of bilirubin and LCA on apoptosis, and whether UDCA has anti-apoptotic effects have been assessed on osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human osteoblasts (hOB) and osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2) were treated with camptothecin as a pro-apoptotic agent, and UDCA, LCA and bilirubin. Apoptosis was determined by DNA fragmentation, flow cytometry, caspase-3 activity and expression of pro-apoptotic (Bcl-2-associated X protein BAX) and anti-apoptotic (BCL2 and BCL2-like 1 protein, BCL2L) genes. RESULTS Both LCA (10 μM) and bilirubin (50 μM) induced apoptosis as indicated by DNA fragmentation (4·7- and 3·7-fold, respectively, P < 0·001), caspase-3 activity and flow cytometry in Saos-2 and hOB. UDCA (10 μM) reduced the apoptotic effects of camptothecin (0·5 μM) by 61%, (P < 0·001) and counteracted the apoptotic effects of LCA and bilirubin determined by DNA fragmentation (56% and 60%, respectively, P < 0·001), cytometry and caspase-3 activity in Saos-2, with lower effects in hOB. UDCA (10 μM) downregulated BAX (75%), upregulated BCL2L (10-fold, P < 0·01) genes, and neutralised BAX upregulation (P < 0·01) and BCL2L downregulation (P < 0·01) induced by LCA and bilirubin. CONCLUSIONS Bilirubin and LCA induce apoptosis in osteoblastic cells. UDCA counteracts the apoptotic consequences of these two substances, and therefore, it may have further beneficial effects on the decreased bone formation in the cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ruiz-Gaspà
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Digestive Diseases Institute, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Májer F, Sharma R, Mullins C, Keogh L, Phipps S, Duggan S, Kelleher D, Keely S, Long A, Radics G, Wang J, Gilmer JF. New highly toxic bile acids derived from deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:256-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Goldberg AA, Titorenko VI, Beach A, Sanderson JT. Bile acids induce apoptosis selectively in androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cells. PeerJ 2013; 1:e122. [PMID: 23940835 PMCID: PMC3740138 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a prevalent age-related disease in North America, accounting for about 15% of all diagnosed cancers. We have previously identified lithocholic acid (LCA) as a potential chemotherapeutic compound that selectively kills neuroblastoma cells while sparing normal human neurons. Now, we report that LCA inhibits the proliferation of androgen-dependent (AD) LNCaP prostate cancer cells and that LCA is the most potent bile acid with respect to inducing apoptosis in LNCaP as well as androgen-independent (AI) PC-3 cells, without killing RWPE-1 immortalized normal prostate epithelial cells. In LNCaP and PC-3 cells, LCA triggered the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis and cell death induced by LCA was partially dependent on the activation of caspase-8 and -3. Moreover, LCA increased cleavage of Bid and Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2, permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane and activation of caspase-9. The cytotoxic actions of LCA occurred despite the inability of this bile acid to enter the prostate cancer cells with about 98% of the nominal test concentrations present in the extracellular culture medium. With our findings, we provide evidence to support a mechanism of action underlying the broad anticancer activity of LCA in various human tissues.
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Salvador JAR, Carvalho JFS, Neves MAC, Silvestre SM, Leitão AJ, Silva MMC, Sá e Melo ML. Anticancer steroids: linking natural and semi-synthetic compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:324-74. [PMID: 23151898 DOI: 10.1039/c2np20082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Steroids, a widespread class of natural organic compounds occurring in animals, plants and fungi, have shown great therapeutic value for a broad array of pathologies. The present overview is focused on the anticancer activity of steroids, which is very representative of a rich structural molecular diversity and ability to interact with various biological targets and pathways. This review encompasses the most relevant discoveries on steroid anticancer drugs and leads through the last decade and comprises 668 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-508, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Deciphering the role of charge, hydration, and hydrophobicity for cytotoxic activities and membrane interactions of bile acid based facial amphiphiles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:1926-37. [PMID: 23590996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized four cationic bile acid based facial amphiphiles featuring trimethyl ammonium head groups. We evaluated the role of these amphiphiles for cytotoxic activities against colon cancer cells and their membrane interactions by varying charge, hydration and hydrophobicity. The singly charged cationic Lithocholic acid based amphiphile (LCA-TMA1) is most cytotoxic, whereas the triply charged cationic Cholic acid based amphiphile (CA-TMA3) is least cytotoxic. Light microscopy and Annexin-FITC assay revealed that these facial amphiphiles caused late apoptosis. In addition, we studied the interactions of these amphiphiles with model membrane systems by Prodan-based hydration, DPH-based anisotropy, and differential scanning calorimetry. LCA-TMA1 is most hydrophobic with a hard charge causing efficient dehydration and maximum perturbations of membranes thereby facilitating translocation and high cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells. In contrast, the highly hydrated and multiple charged CA-TMA3 caused least membrane perturbations leading to low translocation and less cytotoxicity. As expected, Chenodeoxycholic acid and Deoxycholic acid based amphiphiles (CDCA-TMA2, DCA-TMA2) featuring two charged head groups showed intermediate behavior. Thus, we deciphered that charge, hydration, and hydrophobicity of these amphiphiles govern membrane interactions, translocation, and resulting cytoxicity against colon cancer cells.
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Bera T, Fang J. Optical detection of lithocholic acid with liquid crystal emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:387-392. [PMID: 23252423 DOI: 10.1021/la303771t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The concentration level of bile acids is a clinical biomarker for the diagnosis of intestinal diseases because individuals suffering from intestinal diseases have a sharply increased concentration of bile acids at micromolar levels. Here, we report the detection of lithocholic acid (LCA) in aqueous solution by using surfactant-stabilized 4-n-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) liquid crystal droplets as an optical probe. We find that the surfactant adsorbed at the 5CB/water interface can be replaced by LCA, triggering a radial-to-bipolar configuration transition of the 5CB in the droplets. By simply observing the LCA-triggered transition with a polarizing optical microscope, micromolar levels of LCA in aqueous solution can be detected. The detection limit and selectivity of surfactant-stabilized 5CB droplets for LCA depend on the chain length and headgroup of the surfactants used for stabilizing 5CB droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Bera
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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Barrasa JI, Olmo N, Lizarbe MA, Turnay J. Bile acids in the colon, from healthy to cytotoxic molecules. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 27:964-77. [PMID: 23274766 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids are natural detergents mainly involved in facilitating the absorption of dietary fat in the intestine. In addition to this absorptive function, bile acids are also essential in the maintenance of the intestinal epithelium homeostasis. To accomplish this regulatory function, bile acids may induce programmed cell death fostering the renewal of the epithelium. Here we first discuss on the different molecular pathways of cell death focusing on apoptosis in colon epithelial cells. Bile acids may induce apoptosis in colonocytes through different mechanisms. In contrast to hepatocytes, the extrinsic apoptotic pathway seems to have a low relevance regarding bile acid cytotoxicity in the colon. On the contrary, these molecules mainly trigger apoptosis through direct or indirect mitochondrial perturbations, where oxidative stress plays a key role. In addition, bile acids may also act as regulatory molecules involved in different cell signaling pathways in colon cells. On the other hand, there is increasing evidence that the continuous exposure to certain hydrophobic bile acids, due to a fat-rich diet or pathological conditions, may induce oxidative DNA damage that, in turn, may lead to colorectal carcinogenesis as a consequence of the appearance of cell populations resistant to bile acid-induced apoptosis. Finally, some bile acids, such as UDCA, or low concentrations of hydrophobic bile acids, can protect colon cells against apoptosis induced by high concentrations of cytotoxic bile acids, suggesting a dual behavior of these agents as pro-death or pro-survival molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Barrasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The proteins MDM2 and MDM4 are key negative regulators of the tumor suppressor protein p53, which are frequently upregulated in cancer cells. They inhibit the transactivation activity of p53 by binding separately or in concert to its transactivation domain. MDM2 is also a ubiquitin ligase that leads to the degradation of p53. Accordingly, MDM2 and MDM4 are important targets for drugs to inhibit their binding to p53. We found from in silico screening and confirmed by experiment that lithocholic acid (LCA) binds to the p53 binding sites of both MDM2 and MDM4 with a fivefold preference for MDM4. LCA is an endogenous steroidal bile acid, variously reported to have both carcinogenic and apoptotic activities. The comparison of LCA effects on apoptosis in HCT116 p53(+/+) vs. p53(-/-) cells shows a predominantly p53-mediated induction of caspase-3/7. The dissociation constants are in the μM region, but only modest inhibition of binding of MDM2 and MDM4 is required to negate their upregulation because they have to compete with transcriptional coactivator p300 for binding to p53. Binding was weakened by structural changes in LCA, and so it may be a natural ligand of MDM2 and MDM4, raising the possibility that MDM proteins may be sensors for specific steroids.
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Baptissart M, Vega A, Maqdasy S, Caira F, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA, Volle DH. Bile acids: from digestion to cancers. Biochimie 2012; 95:504-17. [PMID: 22766017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are cholesterol metabolites that have been extensively studied these last decades. BAs have been classified in two groups. Primary BAs are synthesized in liver, when secondary BAs are produced by intestinal bacteria. Recently, next to their ancestral roles in digestion and fat solubilization, BAs have been described as signaling molecules involved in many physiological functions, such as glucose and energy metabolisms. These signaling pathways involve the activation of the nuclear receptor FXRα or of the G-protein-coupled receptor TGR5. These two receptors have selective affinity to different types of BAs and show different expression patterns, leading to different described roles of BAs. It has been suggested for long that BAs could be molecules linked to tumor processes. Indeed, as many other molecules, regarding analyzed tissues, BAs could have either protective or pro-carcinogen activities. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects have not been characterized yet. It involves either chemical properties or their capacities to activate their specific receptors FXRα or TGR5. This review highlights and discusses the potential links between BAs and cancer diseases and the perspectives of using BAs as potential therapeutic targets in several pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Baptissart
- INSERM U 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Aubiere, France
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Goldberg AA, Beach A, Davies GF, Harkness TAA, Leblanc A, Titorenko VI. Lithocholic bile acid selectively kills neuroblastoma cells, while sparing normal neuronal cells. Oncotarget 2012; 2:761-82. [PMID: 21992775 PMCID: PMC3248158 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the major risk factors of cancer. The onset of cancer can be postponed by pharmacological and dietary anti-aging interventions. We recently found in yeast cellular models of aging that lithocholic acid (LCA) extends longevity. Here we show that, at concentrations that are not cytotoxic to primary cultures of human neurons, LCA kills the neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines BE(2)-m17, SK-n-SH, SK-n-MCIXC and Lan-1. In BE(2)-m17, SK-n-SH and SK-n-MCIXC cells, the LCA anti-tumor effect is due to apoptotic cell death. In contrast, the LCA-triggered death of Lan-1 cells is not caused by apoptosis. While low concentrations of LCA sensitize BE(2)-m17 and SK-n-MCIXC cells to hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic cell death controlled by mitochondria, these LCA concentrations make primary cultures of human neurons resistant to such a form of cell death. LCA kills BE(2)-m17 and SK-n-MCIXC cell lines by triggering not only the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic cell death pathway driven by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and initiator caspase-9 activation, but also the extrinsic (death receptor) pathway of apoptosis involving activation of the initiator caspase-8. Based on these data, we propose a mechanism underlying a potent and selective anti-tumor effect of LCA in cultured human NB cells. Moreover, our finding that LCA kills cultured human breast cancer and rat glioma cells implies that it has a broad anti-tumor effect on cancer cells derived from different tissues and organisms.
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Ignacio Barrasa J, Olmo N, Pérez-Ramos P, Santiago-Gómez A, Lecona E, Turnay J, Antonia Lizarbe M. Deoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic bile acids induce apoptosis via oxidative stress in human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Apoptosis 2012; 16:1054-67. [PMID: 21789651 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The continuous exposure of the colonic epithelium to high concentrations of bile acids may exert cytotoxic effects and has been related to pathogenesis of colon cancer. A better knowledge of the mechanisms by which bile acids induce toxicity is still required and may be useful for the development of new therapeutic strategies. We have studied the effect of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) treatments in BCS-TC2 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Both bile acids promote cell death, being this effect higher for CDCA. Apoptosis is detected after 30 min-2 h of treatment, as observed by cell detachment, loss of membrane asymmetry, internucleosomal DNA degradation, appearance of mitochondrial transition permeability (MPT), and caspase and Bax activation. At longer treatment times, apoptosis is followed in vitro by secondary necrosis due to impaired mitochondrial activity and ATP depletion. Bile acid-induced apoptosis is a result of oxidative stress with increased ROS generation mainly by activation of plasma membrane enzymes, such as NAD(P)H oxidases and, to a lower extent, PLA2. These effects lead to a loss of mitochondrial potential and release of pro-apoptotic factors to the cytosol, which is confirmed by activation of caspase-9 and -3, but not caspase-8. This initial apoptotic steps promote cleavage of Bcl-2, allowing Bax activation and formation of additional pores in the mitochondrial membrane that amplify the apoptotic signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Barrasa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: a role for ursodeoxycholic acid, folate and hormone replacement treatment? Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2011; 25:555-68. [PMID: 22122771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer has been an intense focus of research for many years. Among the possible candidate agents, ursodeoxycholic acid, folate, and hormone replacement therapy have been recently investigated with conflicting data. Experimental evidence shows that UDCA, folate and HRT target critical molecular events important for colon carcinogenesis. In animal models of sporadic, familial and inflammatory-associated cancers, they have shown to reduce colonic neoplasms. Observational studies have shown compelling evidence of possible protective effects of all three agents. However, randomised-controlled studies have yielded disappointing results, raising the issues of possible harm rather than protective effect for some of them. In this review experimental and clinical data on UDCA, folate and HRT as potential chemopreventive agents are discussed.
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