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Liu J, Kang R, Tang D. Lipopolysaccharide delivery systems in innate immunity. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:274-287. [PMID: 38494365 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a key component of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), is widely recognized for its crucial role in mammalian innate immunity and its link to mortality in intensive care units. While its recognition via the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 receptor on cell membranes is well established, the activation of the cytosolic receptor caspase-11 by LPS is now known to lead to inflammasome activation and subsequent induction of pyroptosis. Nevertheless, a fundamental question persists regarding the mechanism by which LPS enters host cells. Recent investigations have identified at least four primary pathways that can facilitate this process: bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs); the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2; host-secreted proteins; and host extracellular vesicles (EVs). These delivery systems provide new avenues for therapeutic interventions against sepsis and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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2
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Mierke SK, Rapier KL, Method AM, King BA, Kingma PS. Intravenous surfactant protein D inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation. Ann Anat 2023; 247:152048. [PMID: 36690045 PMCID: PMC9992088 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an innate host defense protein that clears infectious pathogens from the lung and regulates pulmonary host defense cells. SP-D is also detected in lower concentrations in plasma and many other non-pulmonary tissues. Plasma levels of SP-D increase during infection and other proinflammatory states; however, the source and functions of SP-D in the systemic circulation are largely unknown. We hypothesized that systemic SP-D may clear infectious pathogens and regulate host defense cells in extrapulmonary systems. METHODS To determine if SP-D inhibited inflammation induced by systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS), E.coli LPS was administered to mice via tail vein injection with and without SP-D and the inflammatory response was measured. RESULTS Systemic SP-D has a circulating half-life of 6 h. Systemic IL-6 levels in mice lacking the SP-D gene were similar to wild type mice at baseline but were significantly higher than wild type mice following LPS treatment (38,000 vs 29,900 ng/ml for 20 mg/kg LPS and 100,700 vs 73,700 ng/ml for 40 mg/kg LPS). In addition, treating wild type mice with purified intravenous SP-D inhibited LPS induced secretion of IL-6 and TNFα in a concentration dependent manner. Inhibition of LPS induced inflammation by SP-D correlated with SP-D LPS binding suggesting SP-D mediated inhibition of systemic LPS requires direct SP-D LPS interactions. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the above results suggest that circulating SP-D decreases systemic inflammation and raise the possibility that a physiological purpose of increasing systemic SP-D levels during infection is to scavenge systemic infectious pathogens and limit inflammation-induced tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Mierke
- The Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelsey L Rapier
- The Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anna M Method
- The Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brooke A King
- The Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Paul S Kingma
- The Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Cincinnati Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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3
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An evolutionary medicine perspective on the cetacean pulmonary immune system - The first identification of SP-D and LBP in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 312:104038. [PMID: 36871862 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary medicine expresses the present status of biomolecules affected by past evolutionary events. To clarify the whole picture of cetacean pneumonia, which is a major threat to cetaceans, their pulmonary immune system should be studied from the perspective of evolutionary medicine. In this in silico study, we focused on cetacean surfactant protein D (SP-D) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) as two representative molecules of the cetacean pulmonary immune system. Sequencing and analyzing SP-D and LBP in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) lung and liver tissue collected post-mortem elucidated not only basic physicochemical properties but also their evolutionary background. This is the first study to report the sequences and expression of SP-D and LBP in the bottlenose dolphin. Besides, our findings also suggest the direction of an evolutionary arms race in the cetacean pulmonary immune system. These results have important positive implications for cetacean clinical medicine.
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4
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Brücksken KA, Loreto Palacio P, Hanschmann EM. Thiol Modifications in the Extracellular Space-Key Proteins in Inflammation and Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932525. [PMID: 35833136 PMCID: PMC9271835 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) allow to control molecular and cellular functions in response to specific signals and changes in the microenvironment of cells. They regulate structure, localization, stability, and function of proteins in a spatial and temporal manner. Among them, specific thiol modifications of cysteine (Cys) residues facilitate rapid signal transduction. In fact, Cys is unique because it contains the highly reactive thiol group that can undergo different reversible and irreversible modifications. Upon inflammation and changes in the cellular microenvironment, many extracellular soluble and membrane proteins undergo thiol modifications, particularly dithiol-disulfide exchange, S-glutathionylation, and S-nitrosylation. Among others, these thiol switches are essential for inflammatory signaling, regulation of gene expression, cytokine release, immunoglobulin function and isoform variation, and antigen presentation. Interestingly, also the redox state of bacterial and viral proteins depends on host cell-mediated redox reactions that are critical for invasion and infection. Here, we highlight mechanistic thiol switches in inflammatory pathways and infections including cholera, diphtheria, hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Hou X, Zhang X, Zhang Z. Role of surfactant protein-D in ocular bacterial infection. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 42:3611-3623. [PMID: 35639299 PMCID: PMC9151998 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Our review explains the role of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in different kinds of bacterial infection based on its presence in different ocular surface tissues. We discuss the potential role of SP-D against invasion by pathogens, with the aim of identifying new prospects for the possible mechanism of SP-D-mediated immune processes, and the diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment of ocular bacterial infection. Methods We reviewed articles about the role of SP-D in various ocular bacterial infections or infection-related ocular diseases through PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Web of Science databases. Results SP-D acts as an important immune factor that can resemble molecules in different polymerization states and that defends against pathogen invasion. The increased SP-D production and secretion in tear fluid and the cornea after ocular bacterial infections such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis, and infection-related ocular diseases, was shown to have potential anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanisms of SP-D’s action against ocular bacterial infections include presenting, aggregating, opsonizing, and phagocytizing antigens, as well as regulating anti-bacterial immunity processes, including toll-like receptor-5 (TLR-5) pathway and IL-8 effect, TLR-4 and TLR-2 pathways and other possible ways remained to be elucidated in more detail. The findings demonstrate the potential of SP-D as an important clinical diagnostic biomarker prognosis predictor, and target for ocular immunotherapy. Conclusion SP-D participates in invasion by different ocular bacteria and infection-related ocular diseases through multiple immune mechanisms. This finding provides new prospects for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of ocular bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Hou
- The Second Affiliated College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Second Affiliated College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- The Second Affiliated College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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6
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DePietro M, Salzberg M. Commentary: Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:815168. [PMID: 35154131 PMCID: PMC8826256 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.815168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Li D, Pan L, Zhang X, Jiang Z. Lower Oligomeric Form of Surfactant Protein D in Murine Acute Lung Injury Induces M1 Subtype Macrophages Through Calreticulin/p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687506. [PMID: 34484184 PMCID: PMC8415422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) plays an important role in innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we found that the expression of total and de-oligomerized SP-D was significantly elevated in mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). To investigate the role of the lower oligomeric form of SP-D in the pathogenesis of ALI, we treated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with ALI-derived bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and found that SP-D in ALI BAL predominantly bound to calreticulin (CALR) on macrophages, subsequently increasing the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and expression of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-10, and CD80. However, anti-SP-D (aSP-D) and anti-calreticulin (aCALR) pretreatment reversed the SP-D binding and activation of macrophages induced by ALI BAL or de-oligomerized recombinant murine SP-D (rSP-D). Lack of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)6 in STAT6-/- macrophages resulted in resistance to suppression by aCALR. Further studies in an ALI mouse model showed that blockade of pulmonary SP-D by intratracheal (i.t.), but not intraperitoneal (i.p.), administration of aSP-D attenuated the severity of ALI, accompanied by lower neutrophil infiltrates and expression of IL-1beta and IL-6. Furthermore, i.t. administration of de-oligomerized rSP-D exacerbated the severity of ALI in association with more pro-inflammatory CD45+Siglec-F(-) M1 subtype macrophages and production of IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-18. The results indicated that SP-D in the lungs of murine ALI was de-oligomerized and participated in the pathogenesis of ALI by predominantly binding to CALR on macrophages and subsequently activating the pro-inflammatory downstream signaling pathway. Targeting de-oligomerized SP-D is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ALI and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyue Pan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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He S, Yang L, Xiao Z, Tang K, Xu D. Identification of key carcinogenic genes in Wilms' tumor. Genes Genet Syst 2021; 96:141-149. [PMID: 34334530 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.21-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to probe carcinogenic genes and pathways associated with Wilms' tumor (WT) onset and malignancy progression. After screening, three datasets acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and GO functional enrichment, KEGG pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) were analyzed. The DEGs with top fold change values or top protein interaction scores were used to analyze overall survival based on the TARGET WT dataset. Together, 866 up-regulated genes in GDS1791, 585 up-regulated genes in GDS2010, and 277 down-regulated genes in GDS4802 were found, from which 46 key DEGs were selected for further analysis. In the PPI network, hub positions included COL5A1, COL4A1, ARPP21, SPARCL1, CD86, LY96 and PPP1R12B. The top DEGs (ARPP21, SYNPO, PRRC2B, PPP1R12B, EFCAB2 and LY96) were selected for survival analysis, and they consistently showed a significantly positive correlation with poor survival. Together, five key carcinogenic genes (SYNPO, PRRC2B, PPP1R12B, EFCAB2 and LY96) were highly associated with WT onset and patient survival. These risk genes, interaction networks and enrichments should improve our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms in WT development and help clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital
| | | | - Zhixiang Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital
| | - Kunbin Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital
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Arroyo R, Grant SN, Colombo M, Salvioni L, Corsi F, Truffi M, Ottolina D, Hurst B, Salzberg M, Prosperi D, Kingma PS. Full-Length Recombinant hSP-D Binds and Inhibits SARS-CoV-2. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1114. [PMID: 34439781 PMCID: PMC8393632 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection of host cells is driven by binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike-(S)-protein to lung type II pneumocytes, followed by virus replication. Surfactant protein SP-D, member of the front-line immune defense of the lungs, binds glycosylated structures on invading pathogens such as viruses to induce their clearance from the lungs. The objective of this study is to measure the pulmonary SP-D levels in COVID-19 patients and demonstrate the activity of SP-D against SARS-CoV-2, opening the possibility of using SP-D as potential therapy for COVID-19 patients. Pulmonary SP-D concentrations were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by anti-SP-D ELISA. Binding assays were performed by ELISAs. Protein bridge and aggregation assays were performed by gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining and band densitometry. Viral replication was evaluated in vitro using epithelial Caco-2 cells. Results indicate that COVID-19 patients (n = 12) show decreased pulmonary levels of SP-D (median = 68.9 ng/mL) when compared to levels reported for healthy controls in literature. Binding assays demonstrate that SP-D binds the SARS-CoV-2 glycosylated spike-(S)-protein of different emerging clinical variants. Binding induces the formation of protein bridges, the critical step of viral aggregation to facilitate its clearance. SP-D inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in Caco-2 cells (EC90 = 3.7 μg/mL). Therefore, SP-D recognizes and binds to the spike-(S)-protein of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, initiates the aggregation, and inhibits viral replication in cells. Combined with the low levels of SP-D observed in COVID-19 patients, these results suggest that SP-D is important in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and that rhSP-D supplementation has the potential to be a novel class of anti-viral that will target SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Arroyo
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Shawn N. Grant
- Airway Therapeutics Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45249, USA; (S.N.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Miriam Colombo
- NanoBio laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (L.S.); (D.P.)
| | - Lucia Salvioni
- NanoBio laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (L.S.); (D.P.)
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Marta Truffi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Davide Ottolina
- Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milano, Italy;
| | - Brett Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA;
| | - Marc Salzberg
- Airway Therapeutics Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45249, USA; (S.N.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Davide Prosperi
- NanoBio laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (L.S.); (D.P.)
| | - Paul S. Kingma
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Arroyo R, Kingma PS. Surfactant protein D and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a new way to approach an old problem. Respir Res 2021; 22:141. [PMID: 33964929 PMCID: PMC8105703 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a collectin protein synthesized by alveolar type II cells in the lungs. SP-D participates in the innate immune defense of the lungs by helping to clear infectious pathogens and modulating the immune response. SP-D has shown an anti-inflammatory role by down-regulating the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in different signaling pathways such as the TLR4, decreasing the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lung, and modulating the oxidative metabolism in the lungs. Recombinant human SP-D (rhSP-D) has been successfully produced mimicking the structure and functions of native SP-D. Several in vitro and in vivo experiments using different animal models have shown that treatment with rhSP-D reduces the lung inflammation originated by different insults, and that rhSP-D could be a potential treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a rare disease for which there is no effective therapy up to date. BPD is a complex disease in preterm infants whose incidence increases with decreasing gestational age at birth. Lung inflammation, which is caused by different prenatal and postnatal factors like infections, lung hyperoxia and mechanical ventilation, among others, is the key player in BPD. Exacerbated inflammation causes lung tissue injury that results in a deficient gas exchange in the lungs of preterm infants and frequently leads to long-term chronic lung dysfunction during childhood and adulthood. In addition, low SP-D levels and activity in the first days of life in preterm infants have been correlated with a worse pulmonary outcome in BPD. Thus, SP-D mediated functions in the innate immune response could be critical aspects of the pathogenesis in BPD and SP-D could inhibit lung tissue injury in this preterm population. Therefore, administration of rhSP-D has been proposed as promising therapy that could prevent BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Arroyo
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. ML7029, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Paul S Kingma
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. ML7029, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA. .,Airway Therapeutics Inc, Cincinnati, OH, 45249, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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Arroyo R, Grant SN, Gouwens KR, Miller DM, Kingma PS. Evaluation of recombinant human SP-D in the rat premature lung model. Ann Anat 2021; 235:151670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Hsieh IN, White M, Hoeksema M, Deluna X, Hartshorn K. Histone H4 potentiates neutrophil inflammatory responses to influenza A virus: Down-modulation by H4 binding to C-reactive protein and Surfactant protein D. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247605. [PMID: 33635872 PMCID: PMC7909658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils participate in the early phase of the innate response to uncomplicated influenza A virus (IAV) infection but also are a major component in later stages of severe IAV or COVID 19 infection where neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and associated cell free histones are highly pro-inflammatory. It is likely that IAV interacts with histones during infection. We show that histone H4 binds to IAV and aggregates viral particles. In addition, histone H4 markedly potentiates IAV induced neutrophil respiratory burst responses. Prior studies have shown reactive oxidants to be detrimental during severe IAV infection. C reactive protein (CRP) and surfactant protein D (SP-D) rise during IAV infection. We now show that both of these innate immune proteins bind to histone H4 and significantly down regulate respiratory burst and other responses to histone H4. Isolated constructs composed only of the neck and carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D also bind to histone H4 and partially limit neutrophil responses to it. These studies indicate that complexes formed of histones and IAV are a potent neutrophil activating stimulus. This finding could account for excess inflammation during IAV or other severe viral infections. The ability of CRP and SP-D to bind to histone H4 may be part of a protective response against excessive inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ni Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mitchell White
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Xavier Deluna
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevan Hartshorn
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abdel-Razek O, Liu T, Chen X, Wang Q, Vanga G, Wang G. Role of Surfactant Protein D in Experimental Otitis Media. J Innate Immun 2021; 13:197-210. [PMID: 33556949 DOI: 10.1159/000513605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a C-type collectin and plays an important role in innate immunity and homeostasis in the lung. This study studied SP-D role in the nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi)-induced otitis media (OM) mouse model. Wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) and SP-D knockout (KO) mice were used in this study. Mice were injected in the middle ear (ME) with 5 μL of NTHi bacterial solution (3.5 × 105 CFU/ear) or with the same volume of sterile saline (control). Mice were sacrificed at 3 time points, days 1, 3, and 7, after treatment. We found SP-D expression in the Eustachian tube (ET) and ME mucosa of WT mice but not in SP-D KO mice. After infection, SP-D KO mice showed more intense inflammatory changes evidenced by the increased mucosal thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration in the ME and ET compared to WT mice (p < 0.05). Increased bacterial colony-forming units and cytokine (IL-6 and IL-1β) levels in the ear washing fluid of infected SP-D KO mice were compared to infected WT mice. Molecular analysis revealed higher levels of NF-κB and NLRP3 activation in infected SP-D KO compared to WT mice (p < 0.05). In vitro studies demonstrated that SP-D significantly induced NTHi bacterial aggregation and enhanced bacterial phagocytosis by macrophages (p < 0.05). Furthermore, human ME epithelial cells showed a dose-dependent increased expression of NLRP3 and SP-D proteins after LPS treatment. We conclude that SP-D plays a critical role in innate immunity and disease resolution through enhancing host defense and regulating inflammatory NF-κB and NLRP3 activation in experimental OM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Abdel-Razek
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Xinghua Chen
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Qiushi Wang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Gautam Vanga
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA, .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA,
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Watson A, Madsen J, Clark HW. SP-A and SP-D: Dual Functioning Immune Molecules With Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Properties. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622598. [PMID: 33542724 PMCID: PMC7851053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are soluble innate immune molecules which maintain lung homeostasis through their dual roles as anti-infectious and immunomodulatory agents. SP-A and SP-D bind numerous viruses including influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), enhancing their clearance from mucosal points of entry and modulating the inflammatory response. They also have diverse roles in mediating innate and adaptive cell functions and in clearing apoptotic cells, allergens and other noxious particles. Here, we review how the properties of these first line defense molecules modulate inflammatory responses, as well as host-mediated immunopathology in response to viral infections. Since SP-A and SP-D are known to offer protection from viral and other infections, if their levels are decreased in some disease states as they are in severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), this may confer an increased risk of viral infection and exacerbations of disease. Recombinant molecules of SP-A and SP-D could be useful in both blocking respiratory viral infection while also modulating the immune system to prevent excessive inflammatory responses seen in, for example, RSV or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Recombinant SP-A and SP-D could have therapeutic potential in neutralizing both current and future strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus as well as modulating the inflammation-mediated pathology associated with COVID-19. A recombinant fragment of human (rfh)SP-D has recently been shown to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Further work investigating the potential therapeutic role of SP-A and SP-D in COVID-19 and other infectious and inflammatory diseases is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Watson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Madsen
- Neonatology, EGA Institute for Women’s Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Howard William Clark
- Neonatology, EGA Institute for Women’s Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospital (UCLH), University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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Takamiya R, Takahashi M, Maeno T, Saito A, Kato M, Shibata T, Uchida K, Ariki S, Nakano M. Acrolein in cigarette smoke attenuates the innate immune responses mediated by surfactant protein D. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129699. [PMID: 32738274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surfactant proteins (SP) A and D belong to collectin family proteins, which play important roles in innate immune response in the lung. We previously demonstrated that cigarette smoke (CS) increases the acrolein modification of SP-A, thereby impairing the innate immune abilities of this protein. In this study, we focused on the effects of CS and its component, acrolein, on the innate immunity role of another collectin, SP-D. METHODS To determine whether aldehyde directly affects SP-D, we examined the lungs of mice exposed to CS for 1 week and detected aldehyde-modified SP-D using an aldehyde reactive probe. The structural changes in CS extract (CSE) or acrolein-exposed recombinant human (h)SP-D were determined by western blot, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, and blue native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses. Innate immune functions of SP-D were determined by bacteria growth and macrophage phagocytosis. RESULTS Aldehyde-modified SP-D as well as SP-A was detected in the lungs of mice exposed to CS for 1 week. Exposure of hSP-D to CSE or acrolein induced an increased higher-molecular -weight of hSP-D and acrolein induced modification of five lysine residues in hSP-D. These modifications led to disruption of the multimer structure of SP-D and attenuated its ability to inhibit bacterial growth and activate macrophage phagocytosis. CONCLUSION CS induced acrolein modification in SP-D, which in turn induced structural and functional defects in SP-D. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that CS-induced structural and functional defects in SP-D contribute to the dysfunction of innate immune responses in the lung following CS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Takamiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Motoko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Maeno
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaki Kato
- Data Knowledge Organization Unit, Head Office for Information Systems and Cybersecurity, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ariki
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Miyako Nakano
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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Madan T, Kishore U. Surfactant Protein D Recognizes Multiple Fungal Ligands: A Key Step to Initiate and Intensify the Anti-fungal Host Defense. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:229. [PMID: 32547959 PMCID: PMC7272678 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With limited therapeutic options and associated severe adverse effects, fungal infections are a serious threat to human health. Innate immune response mediated by pattern recognition proteins is integral to host defense against fungi. A soluble pattern recognition protein, Surfactant protein D (SP-D), plays an important role in immune surveillance to detect and eliminate human pathogens. SP-D exerts its immunomodulatory activity via direct interaction with several receptors on the epithelial cells lining the mucosal tracts, as well as on innate and adaptive immune cells. Being a C-type lectin, SP-D shows calcium- and sugar-dependent interactions with several glycosylated ligands present on fungal cell walls. The interactome includes cell wall polysaccharides such as 1,3-β-D-glucan, 1,6-β-D-glucan, Galactosaminogalactan Galactomannan, Glucuronoxylomannan, Mannoprotein 1, and glycosylated proteins such as gp45, gp55, major surface glycoprotein complex (gpA). Recently, binding of a recombinant fragment of human SP-D to melanin on the dormant conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus was demonstrated that was not inhibited by sugars, suggesting a likely protein-protein interaction. Interactions of the ligands on the fungal spores with the oligomeric forms of full-length SP-D resulted in formation of spore-aggregates, increased uptake by phagocytes and rapid clearance besides a direct fungicidal effect against C. albicans. Exogenous administration of SP-D showed significant therapeutic potential in murine models of allergic and invasive mycoses. Altered susceptibility of SP-D gene-deficient mice to various fungal infections emphasized relevance of SP-D as an important sentinel of anti-fungal immunity. Levels of SP-D in the serum or lung lavage were significantly altered in the murine models and patients of fungal infections and allergies. Here, we review the cell wall ligands of clinically relevant fungal pathogens and allergens that are recognized by SP-D and their impact on the host defense. Elucidation of the molecular interactions between innate immune humoral such as SP-D and fungal pathogens would facilitate the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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17
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Lipid-Protein and Protein-Protein Interactions in the Pulmonary Surfactant System and Their Role in Lung Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103708. [PMID: 32466119 PMCID: PMC7279303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid/protein complex synthesized by the alveolar epithelium and secreted into the airspaces, where it coats and protects the large respiratory air–liquid interface. Surfactant, assembled as a complex network of membranous structures, integrates elements in charge of reducing surface tension to a minimum along the breathing cycle, thus maintaining a large surface open to gas exchange and also protecting the lung and the body from the entrance of a myriad of potentially pathogenic entities. Different molecules in the surfactant establish a multivalent crosstalk with the epithelium, the immune system and the lung microbiota, constituting a crucial platform to sustain homeostasis, under health and disease. This review summarizes some of the most important molecules and interactions within lung surfactant and how multiple lipid–protein and protein–protein interactions contribute to the proper maintenance of an operative respiratory surface.
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18
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Arroyo R, Khan MA, Echaide M, Pérez-Gil J, Palaniyar N. SP-D attenuates LPS-induced formation of human neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), protecting pulmonary surfactant inactivation by NETs. Commun Biol 2019; 2:470. [PMID: 31872075 PMCID: PMC6915734 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An exacerbated amount of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can cause dysfunction of systems during inflammation. However, host proteins and factors that suppress NET formation (NETosis) are not clearly identified. Here we show that an innate immune collectin, pulmonary surfactant protein-D (SP-D), attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated NETosis in human neutrophils by binding to LPS. SP-D deficiency in mice (Sftpd-/-) leads to excess NET formation in the lungs during LPS-mediated inflammation. In the absence of SP-D, NETs inhibit the surface-active properties of lung surfactant, essential to prevent the collapse of alveoli, the air breathing structures of the lungs. SP-D reverses NET-mediated inhibition of surfactant and restores the biophysical properties of surfactant. To the best of our knowledge, this study establishes for the first time that (i) SP-D suppresses LPS-mediated NETosis, (ii) NETs inhibit pulmonary surfactant function in the absence of SP-D, and (iii) SP-D can restore NET-mediated inhibition of the surfactant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Arroyo
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)", 28041 Madrid, Spain
- 3Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Meraj Alam Khan
- 3Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- 4Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Mercedes Echaide
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)", 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pérez-Gil
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)", 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- 3Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- 4Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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19
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Du J, Abdel-Razek O, Shi Q, Hu F, Ding G, Cooney RN, Wang G. Surfactant protein D attenuates acute lung and kidney injuries in pneumonia-induced sepsis through modulating apoptosis, inflammation and NF-κB signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15393. [PMID: 30337682 PMCID: PMC6193952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia and sepsis are major risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI). Patients with pneumonia and AKI are at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) expressed in lung and kidney plays important roles in innate immunity. However, little is known about the role of organ-specific SP-D in the sepsis. The current study uses wild type (WT), SP-D knockout (KO), and humanized SP-D transgenic (hTG, lung-specific SP-D expression) mice to study organ-specific role of SP-D in pneumonia-induced sepsis. Analyses demonstrated differential lung and kidney injury among three-type mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After infection, KO mice showed higher injurious scores in both lung and kidney, and decreased renal function than WT and hTG mice. hTG mice exhibited comparable lung injury but more severe kidney injury compared to WT mice. Increased renal tubular apoptosis, NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokines in the kidney of KO mice were found when compared with WT and hTG mice. Furthermore, in vitro primary proximal tubular epithelial cells from KO mice showed more apoptosis with higher level of activated caspase-3 than those from WT mice after LPS treatment. Collectively, SP-D attenuates AKI in the sepsis by modulating renal apoptosis, inflammation and NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Osama Abdel-Razek
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Qiao Shi
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Fengqi Hu
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Guohua Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert N Cooney
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.
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20
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21
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Sorensen GL. Surfactant Protein D in Respiratory and Non-Respiratory Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:18. [PMID: 29473039 PMCID: PMC5809447 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a multimeric collectin that is involved in innate immune defense and expressed in pulmonary, as well as non-pulmonary, epithelia. SP-D exerts antimicrobial effects and dampens inflammation through direct microbial interactions and modulation of host cell responses via a series of cellular receptors. However, low protein concentrations, genetic variation, biochemical modification, and proteolytic breakdown can induce decomposition of multimeric SP-D into low-molecular weight forms, which may induce pro-inflammatory SP-D signaling. Multimeric SP-D can decompose into trimeric SP-D, and this process, and total SP-D levels, are partly determined by variation within the SP-D gene, SFTPD. SP-D has been implicated in the development of respiratory diseases including respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, allergic asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Disease-induced breakdown or modifications of SP-D facilitate its systemic leakage from the lung, and circulatory SP-D is a promising biomarker for lung injury. Moreover, studies in preclinical animal models have demonstrated that local pulmonary treatment with recombinant SP-D is beneficial in these diseases. In recent years, SP-D has been shown to exert antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in various non-pulmonary organs and to have effects on lipid metabolism and pro-inflammatory effects in vessel walls, which enhance the risk of atherosclerosis. A common SFTPD polymorphism is associated with atherosclerosis and diabetes, and SP-D has been associated with metabolic disorders because of its effects in the endothelium and adipocytes and its obesity-dampening properties. This review summarizes and discusses the reported genetic associations of SP-D with disease and the clinical utility of circulating SP-D for respiratory disease prognosis. Moreover, basic research on the mechanistic links between SP-D and respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases is summarized. Perspectives on the development of SP-D therapy are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grith L Sorensen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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22
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Hyaluronan interactions with innate immunity in lung biology. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:84-99. [PMID: 29410190 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Innate immune responses in the lung play a central role in the pathogenesis of lung disease and the maintenance of lung health, and thus it is crucial to understand factors that regulate them. Hyaluronan is ubiquitous in the lung, and its expression is increased following lung injury and in disease states. Furthermore, hyaladherins like inter-α-inhibitor, tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6, pentraxin 3 and versican are also induced and help form a dynamic hyaluronan matrix in injured lung. This review synthesizes present knowledge about the interactions of hyaluronan and its associated hyaladherins with the lung immune system, and the implications of these interactions for lung biology and disease.
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23
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Janga H, Cassidy L, Wang F, Spengler D, Oestern-Fitschen S, Krause MF, Seekamp A, Tholey A, Fuchs S. Site-specific and endothelial-mediated dysfunction of the alveolar-capillary barrier in response to lipopolysaccharides. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:982-998. [PMID: 29210175 PMCID: PMC5783864 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) challenge the functional properties of the alveolar‐capillary barrier (ACB) in the lung. In this study, we analyse the site‐specific effects of LPS on the ACB and reveal the effects on the individual cell types and the ACB as a functional unit. Monocultures of H441 epithelial cells and co‐cultures of H441 with endothelial cells cultured on Transwells® were treated with LPS from the apical or basolateral compartment. Barrier properties were analysed by the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), by transport assays, and immunostaining and assessment of tight junctional molecules at protein level. Furthermore, pro‐inflammatory cytokines and immune‐modulatory molecules were evaluated by ELISA and semiquantitative real‐time PCR. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based proteomics (LS‐MS) was used to identify proteins and effector molecules secreted by endothelial cells in response to LPS. In co‐cultures treated with LPS from the basolateral compartment, we noticed a significant reduction of TEER, increased permeability and induction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Conversely, apical treatment did not affect the barrier. No changes were noticed in H441 monoculture upon LPS treatment. However, LPS resulted in an increased expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐6 in OEC and in turn induced the reduction of TEER and an increase in SP‐A expression in H441 monoculture, and H441/OEC co‐cultures after LPS treatment from basolateral compartment. LS‐MS‐based proteomics revealed factors associated with LPS‐mediated lung injury such as ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, Angiopoietin 2, complement factors and cathepsin S, emphasizing the role of epithelial–endothelial crosstalk in the ACB in ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshavardhan Janga
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Experimental Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Liam Cassidy
- Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fanlu Wang
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Experimental Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dietmar Spengler
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig- Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Oestern-Fitschen
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Experimental Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin F Krause
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig- Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Seekamp
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Experimental Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabine Fuchs
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Experimental Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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24
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Christensen AF, Sorensen GL, Junker K, Revald PH, Varnum C, Sorensen FB, Junker P. Localization of surfactant protein-D in the rheumatoid synovial membrane. APMIS 2017; 126:9-13. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Grith Lykke Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Kirsten Junker
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | | | - Claus Varnum
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Lillebaelt Hospital; Vejle Denmark
| | | | - Peter Junker
- Department of Rheumatology; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
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25
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Umeda Y, Hasegawa Y, Otsuka M, Ariki S, Takamiya R, Saito A, Uehara Y, Saijo H, Kuronuma K, Chiba H, Ohnishi H, Sakuma Y, Takahashi H, Kuroki Y, Takahashi M. Surfactant protein D inhibits activation of non-small cell lung cancer-associated mutant EGFR and affects clinical outcomes of patients. Oncogene 2017; 36:6432-6445. [PMID: 28745320 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-sensitive and TKI-resistant mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are associated with lung adenocarcinoma. EGFR mutants were previously shown to exhibit ligand-independent activation. We have previously demonstrated that pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D, SFTPD) suppressed wild-type EGFR signaling by blocking ligand binding to EGFR. We herein demonstrate that SFTPD downregulates ligand-independent signaling in cells harboring EGFR mutations such as TKI-sensitive exon 19 deletion (Ex19del) and L858R mutation as well as TKI-resistant T790M mutation, subsequently suppressing cellular growth and motility. Lectin blotting and ligand blotting in lung cancer cell lines suggested that EGFR mutants express oligomannose-type N-glycans and interact with SFTPD directly. Cross-linking assay indicated that SFTPD inhibits ligand-independent dimerization of EGFR mutants. We also demonstrated that SFTPD reduced dimerization-independent phosphorylation of Ex19del and T790M EGFR mutants using point mutations that disrupted the asymmetric dimer interface. It was confirmed that SFTPD augmented the viability-suppressing effects of EGFR-TKIs. Furthermore, retrospective analysis of 121 patients with lung adenocarcinoma to examine associations between serum SFTPD levels and clinical outcome indicated that in TKI-treated patients with lung cancer harboring EGFR mutations, including Ex19del or L858R, high serum SFTPD levels correlated with a lower number of distant metastases and prolonged overall survival and progression-free survival. These findings suggest that SFTPD downregulates both TKI-sensitive and -resistant EGFR mutant signaling, and SFTPD level is correlated with clinical outcome. These findings illustrate the use of serum SFTPD level as a potential marker to estimate the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Umeda
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Y Hasegawa
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Departments of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - M Otsuka
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - S Ariki
- Departments of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - R Takamiya
- Departments of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - A Saito
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Departments of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Y Uehara
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Departments of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H Saijo
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - K Kuronuma
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H Chiba
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H Ohnishi
- Departments of Public Health, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Y Sakuma
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Y Kuroki
- Departments of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - M Takahashi
- Departments of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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26
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N-glycans of growth factor receptors: their role in receptor function and disease implications. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1781-92. [PMID: 27612953 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous signal-transduction-related molecules are secreted proteins or membrane proteins, and the mechanism by which these molecules are regulated by glycan chains is a very important issue for developing an understanding of the cellular events that transpire. This review covers the functional regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ErbB3 and the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor by N-glycans. This review shows that the N-glycans play important roles in regulating protein conformation and interactions with carbohydrate recognition molecules. These results point to the possibility of a novel strategy for controlling cell signalling and developing novel glycan-based therapeutics.
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Uehara Y, Takahashi M, Murata M, Saito A, Takamiya R, Hasegawa Y, Kuronuma K, Chiba H, Hashimoto J, Sawada N, Takahashi H, Kuroki Y, Ariki S. Surfactant protein A (SP-A) and SP-A-derived peptide attenuate chemotaxis of mast cells induced by human β-defensin 3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:107-112. [PMID: 28188794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) is known to be involved in mast cell activation. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of hBD3-induced mast cell activation have been poorly understood. We previously reported that SP-A and SP-A-derived peptide 01 (SAP01) regulate the function of hBD3. In this study, we focused on the effects of SP-A and SAP01 on the activation of mast cells induced by hBD3. SAP01 directly bound to hBD3. Mast cell-mediated vascular permeability and edema in hBD3 administered rat ears were decreased when injected with SP-A or SAP01. Compatible with the results in rat ear model, both SP-A and SAP01 inhibited hBD3-induced chemotaxis of mast cells in vitro. Direct interaction between SP-A or SAP01 and hBD3 seemed to be responsible for the inhibitory effects on chemotaxis. Furthermore, SAP01 attenuated hBD3-induced accumulation of mast cells and eosinophils in tracheas of the OVA-sensitized inflammatory model. SP-A might contribute to the regulation of inflammatory responses mediated by mast cells during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Uehara
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Motoko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Murata
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rina Takamiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hasegawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Kuronuma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Chiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jiro Hashimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Sawada
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kuroki
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ariki
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Sapporo Medical University Center for Medical Education, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
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Rathe M, Sorensen GL, Wehner PS, Holmskov U, Sangild PT, Schmiegelow K, Müller K, Husby S. Chemotherapeutic treatment reduces circulating levels of surfactant protein-D in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64. [PMID: 27667327 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a host defense molecule of the innate immune system that enhances pathogen clearance and modulates inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that circulating SP-D levels are associated with chemotherapy-induced mucositis and infectious morbidity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PROCEDURE In a prospective study, 43 children receiving treatment for ALL were monitored for mucosal toxicity from diagnosis through the induction phase of treatment. Serial blood draws were taken to determine the levels of SP-D, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein, and white blood cells. Data on fever, antibiotics, and bacteremia were collected. Baseline levels of circulating SP-D were compared with healthy controls. RESULTS Baseline values of circulating SP-D were similar to levels in healthy controls (median: 829 ng/ml vs. 657 ng/ml, respectively, P > 0.05). After initiation of chemotherapy, a significant reduction in SP-D levels was observed at all time points: 704 ng/ml at day 8, 413 ng/ml at day 15, 395 ng/ml at day 22, and 520 ng/ml at day 29 (all, P < 0.05). No significant associations between SP-D values, the occurrence of mucosal toxicity, or infectious morbidity were observed. However, loss of circulating SP-D from days 8 to 15 was associated with more systemic inflammation, and lower SP-D values at day 15 were associated with elevated intestinal mucositis scores (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The current study supports the hypothesis that the detrimental effect of chemotherapy on patients' immune functions includes decreased circulating levels of innate mucosal molecules such as SP-D, potentially aggravating mucosal and systemic inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Rathe
- Department of pediatric hematology and oncology, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Grith L Sorensen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peder S Wehner
- Department of pediatric hematology and oncology, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per T Sangild
- Section of Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Klaus Müller
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, The Institute of Inflammation Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Steffen Husby
- Department of pediatric hematology and oncology, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Hashimoto J, Takahashi M, Saito A, Murata M, Kurimura Y, Nishitani C, Takamiya R, Uehara Y, Hasegawa Y, Hiyama Y, Sawada N, Takahashi S, Masumori N, Kuroki Y, Ariki S. Surfactant Protein A Inhibits Growth and Adherence of UropathogenicEscherichia coliTo Protect the Bladder from Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2898-2905. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pondman KM, Paudyal B, Sim RB, Kaur A, Kouser L, Tsolaki AG, Jones LA, Salvador-Morales C, Khan HA, Ten Haken B, Stenbeck G, Kishore U. Pulmonary surfactant protein SP-D opsonises carbon nanotubes and augments their phagocytosis and subsequent pro-inflammatory immune response. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1097-1109. [PMID: 27991644 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08807d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are increasingly being developed for use in biomedical applications, including drug delivery. One of the most promising applications under evaluation is in treating pulmonary diseases such as tuberculosis. Once inhaled or administered, the nanoparticles are likely to be recognised by innate immune molecules in the lungs such as hydrophilic pulmonary surfactant proteins. Here, we set out to examine the interaction between surfactant protein D (SP-D), a key lung pattern recognition molecule and CNTs, and possible downstream effects on the immune response via macrophages. We show here that a recombinant form of human SP-D (rhSP-D) bound to oxidised and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coated CNTs via its C-type lectin domain and enhanced phagocytosis by U937 and THP-1 macrophages/monocytic cell lines, together with an increased pro-inflammatory response, suggesting that sequestration of SP-D by CNTs in the lungs can trigger an unwanted and damaging immune response. We also observed that functionalised CNTs, opsonised with rhSP-D, continued to activate complement via the classical pathway, suggesting that C1q, which is the recognition sub-component of the classical pathway, and SP-D have distinct pattern recognition sites on the CNTs. Consistent with our earlier reports, complement deposition on the rhSP-D opsonised CNTs led to dampening of the pro-inflammatory immune response by THP-1 macrophages, as evident from qPCR, cytokine array and NF-κB nuclear translocation analyses. This study highlights the importance of understanding the interplay between innate immune humoral factors including complement in devising nanoparticle based drug delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Pondman
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK. and Neuro Imaging, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Basudev Paudyal
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK. and Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Robert B Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Anuvinder Kaur
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Lubna Kouser
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Anthony G Tsolaki
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Lucy A Jones
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Carolina Salvador-Morales
- Bioengineering Department and Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, 22030 Virginia, USA
| | - Haseeb A Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bennie Ten Haken
- Neuro Imaging, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Stenbeck
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Uday Kishore
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
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Rokade S, Kishore U, Madan T. Surfactant protein D regulates murine testicular immune milieu and sperm functions. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 77. [PMID: 28054406 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Surfactant protein D (SP-D), a pattern recognition protein that regulates inflammation and immune homoeostasis, is expressed by testicular germ cells under the influence of testosterone. This study investigates the role of SP-D in testicular immune privilege and sperm functions. METHOD OF STUDY Testicular levels of cytokines and immunoregulatory molecules were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged SP-D gene knockout mice (SP-D-/- ). Further, sperm functions were assessed by computer-assisted sperm analyser (CASA) and in vitro capacitation. The effect of a recombinant fragment of human SP-D (rhSP-D) on LPS-induced testicular inflammation and sperm motility was assessed in wild-type (WT) mice. RESULT Endogenous absence of SP-D led to significantly increased testicular levels of immunosuppressive molecules, viz. serpina3, TGF-β1 and IL-10, and reduced levels of immune cell activation markers, CD86, IL-2 and ITGAX. These compensatory mechanisms resulted in markedly blunted levels of TNF-α, IL-12p40, MIP-1α, G-CSF and IL-6 in response to LPS challenge. Notably, exogenous supplementation of rhSP-D salvaged the WT mice from LPS-induced pro-inflammatory immune response and impairment of sperm motility by upregulating the levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10. CONCLUSION The study highlights the involvement of SP-D in maintenance of testicular immune privilege and its indirect contribution to male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushama Rokade
- Department of Innate Immunity, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate Immunity, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Parel, Mumbai, India
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Kay S, Madan T. Fertility defects in Surfactant associated protein D knockout female mice: altered ovarian hormone profile. Mol Immunol 2016; 71:87-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Pandit H, Thakur G, Koippallil Gopalakrishnan AR, Dodagatta-Marri E, Patil A, Kishore U, Madan T. Surfactant protein D induces immune quiescence and apoptosis of mitogen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Immunobiology 2016; 221:310-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Expression of surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D in murine decidua and immunomodulatory effects on decidual macrophages. Immunobiology 2016; 221:377-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Saka R, Wakimoto T, Nishiumi F, Sasaki T, Nose S, Fukuzawa M, Oue T, Yanagihara I, Okuyama H. Surfactant protein-D attenuates the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in human intestinal cells overexpressing toll-like receptor 4. Pediatr Surg Int 2016; 32:59-63. [PMID: 26510735 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-015-3812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating inflammatory disease of preterm infants that may depend on overexpression of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) in the immature intestine. Surfactant protein (SP)-D is a member of the collectin family and plays an important role in innate immunity, particularly in the airways. Although SP-D also exists in the intestines, little is known about its function. This study investigated whether SP-D can attenuate the inflammatory response of TLR4-overexpressing embryonal intestinal cells. METHODS All experimental procedures were performed using the human intestinal cell line INT407 originally derived from human embryonal intestines. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), reported to be elevated in NEC patients, was used to induce TLR4 overexpression in the human embryonal intestinal cell line INT407. TLR4 expression was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Inflammatory responses to PAF (5 µM), the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/ml), PAF + LPS, and PAF + LPS following SP-D pretreatment (20 µg/ml) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of interleukin-8 (IL-8) release (in pg/ml). RESULTS Expression of TLR4 mRNA (mean ± SD) was upregulated by PAF (369 % ± 28 %, p < 0.001). Stimulation with PAF + LPS resulted in higher IL-8 release (1959.3 ± 52.3) than control (141.2 ± 12.4), LPS (167.3 ± 65.8), or PAF (1527.2 ± 129.4) treatment (p < 0.05). Release in response to PAF + LPS (1590.1 ± 319.3) was attenuated by SP-D pretreatment (1161.6 ± 131.6; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION SP-D attenuates LPS-induced IL-8 production in TLR4-overexpressing intestinal cells, suggesting that SP-D may have a protective effect in the development of NEC in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Saka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 5650871, Japan.,Department of Developmental Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Japan
| | - Tetsu Wakimoto
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nishiumi
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Satoko Nose
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukuzawa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Japan
| | - Takaharu Oue
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Itaru Yanagihara
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Okuyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 5650871, Japan.
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Innate Immune Molecule Surfactant Protein D Attenuates Sepsis-induced Acute Pancreatic Injury through Modulating Apoptosis and NF-κB-mediated Inflammation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17798. [PMID: 26634656 PMCID: PMC4669466 DOI: 10.1038/srep17798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis causes multiple-organ dysfunction including pancreatic injury, thus resulting in high mortality. Innate immune molecule surfactant protein D (SP-D) plays a critical role in host defense and regulating inflammation of infectious diseases. In this study we investigated SP-D functions in the acute pancreatic injury (API) with C57BL/6 Wild-type (WT) and SP-D knockout (KO) mice in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Our results confirm SP-D expression in pancreatic islets and intercalated ducts and are the first to explore the role of pancreatic SP-D in sepsis. CLP decreased pancreatic SP-D levels and caused severe pancreatic injury with higher serum amylase 24 h after CLP. Apoptosis and neutrophil infiltration were increased in the pancreas of septic KO mice (p < 0.05, vs septic WT mice), with lower Bcl-2 and higher caspase-3 levels in septic KO mice (p < 0.05). Molecular analysis revealed increased NF-κB-p65 and phosphorylated IκB-α levels along with higher serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in septic KO mice compared to septic WT mice (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in vitro islet cultures stimulated with LPS produced higher TNF-α and IL-6 (p < 0.05) from KO mice compared to WT mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate SP-D plays protective roles by inhibiting apoptosis and modulating NF-κB-mediated inflammation in CLP-induced API.
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Ito E, Oka R, Ishii T, Korekane H, Kurimoto A, Kizuka Y, Kitazume S, Ariki S, Takahashi M, Kuroki Y, Kida K, Taniguchi N. Fucosylated surfactant protein-D is a biomarker candidate for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Proteomics 2015. [PMID: 26206179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We previously reported that knockout mice for α1,6-fucosyltransferase (Fut8), which catalyzes the biosynthesis of core-fucose in N-glycans, develop emphysema and that Fut8 heterozygous knockout mice are more sensitive to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema than wild-type mice. Moreover, a lower FUT8 activity was found to be associated with a faster decline in lung function among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. These results led us to hypothesize that core-fucosylation levels in a glycoprotein could be used as a biomarker for COPD. We focused on a lung-specific glycoprotein, surfactant protein D (SP-D), which plays a role in immune responses and is present in the distal airways, alveoli, and blood circulation. The results of a glycomic analysis reported herein demonstrate the presence of a core-fucose in an N-glycan on enriched SP-D from pooled human sera. We developed an antibody-lectin enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for assessing fucosylation (core-fucose and α1,3/4 fucose) in COPD patients. The results indicate that fucosylation levels in serum SP-D are significantly higher in COPD patients than in non-COPD smokers. The severity of emphysema was positively associated with fucosylation levels in serum SP-D in smokers. Our findings suggest that increased fucosylation levels in serum SP-D are associated with the development of COPD. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE It has been proposed that serum SP-D concentrations are predictive of COPD pathogenesis, but distinguishing between COPD patients and healthy individuals to establish a clear cut-off value is difficult because smoking status highly affects circulating SP-D levels. Herein, we focused on N-glycosylation in SP-D and examined whether or not N-glycosylation patterns in SP-D are associated with the pathogenesis of COPD. We performed an N-glycomic analysis of human serum SP-D and the results show that a core-fucose is present in its N-glycan. We also found that the N-glycosylation in serum SP-D was indeed altered in COPD, that is, fucosylation levels including core-fucosylation are significantly increased in COPD patients compared with non-COPD smokers. The severity of emphysema was positively associated with fucosylation levels in serum SP-D in smokers. Our findings shed new light on the discovery and/or development of a useful biomarker based on glycosylation changes for diagnosing COPD. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: HUPO 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Ito
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Oka
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeo Ishii
- Respiratory Care Clinic, Nippon Medical School, 4-7-15-8F Kudan-Minami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Korekane
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Ayako Kurimoto
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shinobu Kitazume
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ariki
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Motoko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kuroki
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kozui Kida
- Respiratory Care Clinic, Nippon Medical School, 4-7-15-8F Kudan-Minami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Saka R, Yanagihara I, Sasaki T, Nose S, Takeuchi M, Nakayama M, Okuyama H. Immunolocalization of surfactant protein D in the liver from infants with cholestatic liver disease. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:297-300. [PMID: 25638623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is one of specific surfactant proteins constituting pulmonary surfactant. Recent studies have revealed that SP-D is detected in various non-pulmonary tissues and is involved in the host defense and immunomodulation. However, the relationship between SP-D and liver diseases has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to detect the immunolocalization of SP-D in the livers of infants with cholestatic liver disease. METHODS The expression of immunoreactive SP-D was assessed in infants with cholestasis, including biliary atresia (BA, n=7), neonatal hepatitis (NH, n=2), and paucity of the intrahepatic bile duct (PIBD, n=4). Immunoreactive SP-D was also assessed in six infants who died of non-liver disease as controls. Tissue samples were obtained at liver biopsy, or by post-mortem sampling. The tissue sections were incubated with anti-SP-D polyclonal antibodies and were counterstained with hematoxylin. RESULTS In the normal livers, SP-D was detected in the intrahepatic bile ducts, but was not detected in hepatocytes. In contrast, intense SP-D staining was noted in the hepatocytes from infants with BA, NH, and PIBD. Although SP-D was detected in the intrahepatic bile ducts in the infants with NH, negative or weak staining was seen in the intrahepatic bile ducts in infants with BA. CONCLUSION Our data showed that SP-D is present in the bile ducts of the normal infant liver, and it was found to accumulate in the hepatocytes of cholestatic livers. These results suggest that SP-D is produced in hepatocytes and is secreted into the bile ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Saka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.
| | - Itaru Yanagihara
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Satoko Nose
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Makoto Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health
| | - Masahiro Nakayama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health
| | - Hiroomi Okuyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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39
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Pandit H, Gopal S, Sonawani A, Yadav AK, Qaseem AS, Warke H, Patil A, Gajbhiye R, Kulkarni V, Al-Mozaini MA, Idicula-Thomas S, Kishore U, Madan T. Surfactant protein D inhibits HIV-1 infection of target cells via interference with gp120-CD4 interaction and modulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102395. [PMID: 25036364 PMCID: PMC4103819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant Protein SP-D, a member of the collectin family, is a pattern recognition protein, secreted by mucosal epithelial cells and has an important role in innate immunity against various pathogens. In this study, we confirm that native human SP-D and a recombinant fragment of human SP-D (rhSP-D) bind to gp120 of HIV-1 and significantly inhibit viral replication in vitro in a calcium and dose-dependent manner. We show, for the first time, that SP-D and rhSP-D act as potent inhibitors of HIV-1 entry in to target cells and block the interaction between CD4 and gp120 in a dose-dependent manner. The rhSP-D-mediated inhibition of viral replication was examined using three clinical isolates of HIV-1 and three target cells: Jurkat T cells, U937 monocytic cells and PBMCs. HIV-1 induced cytokine storm in the three target cells was significantly suppressed by rhSP-D. Phosphorylation of key kinases p38, Erk1/2 and AKT, which contribute to HIV-1 induced immune activation, was significantly reduced in vitro in the presence of rhSP-D. Notably, anti-HIV-1 activity of rhSP-D was retained in the presence of biological fluids such as cervico-vaginal lavage and seminal plasma. Our study illustrates the multi-faceted role of human SP-D against HIV-1 and potential of rhSP-D for immunotherapy to inhibit viral entry and immune activation in acute HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrishikesh Pandit
- Department of Innate Immunity, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandhya Gopal
- Department of Innate Immunity, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archana Sonawani
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Yadav
- Department of Innate Immunity, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asif S. Qaseem
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Himangi Warke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seth G S Medical College and K E M Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anushree Patil
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Gajbhiye
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay Kulkarni
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Maha Ahmed Al-Mozaini
- Immunocompromised Host Research Section, Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susan Idicula-Thomas
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Uday Kishore
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate Immunity, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail:
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40
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Hasegawa Y, Takahashi M, Ariki S, Asakawa D, Tajiri M, Wada Y, Yamaguchi Y, Nishitani C, Takamiya R, Saito A, Uehara Y, Hashimoto J, Kurimura Y, Takahashi H, Kuroki Y. Surfactant protein D suppresses lung cancer progression by downregulation of epidermal growth factor signaling. Oncogene 2014; 34:838-45. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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41
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Brogden KA, Johnson GK, Vincent SD, Abbasi T, Vali S. Oral inflammation, a role for antimicrobial peptide modulation of cytokine and chemokine responses. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 11:1097-113. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2013.836059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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O’Hare FM, William Watson R, Molloy EJ. Toll-like receptors in neonatal sepsis. Acta Paediatr 2013; 102:572-8. [PMID: 23419040 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Toll-like receptors are vital transmembrane receptors that initiate the innate immune response to many micro-organisms. The discovery of these receptors has improved our understanding of host-pathogen interactions, and these receptors play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple neonatal conditions such as sepsis and brain injury. Toll-like receptors, especially TLRs 2 and 4, are associated with necrotizing enterocolitis, periventricular leukomalacia and sepsis. CONCLUSION Toll-like receptor modulation may potentially be used as immunomodulators in the management of neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M O’Hare
- Department of Neonatology; National Maternity Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - R William Watson
- School of Medicine & Medical Science; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Eleanor J Molloy
- Department of Neonatology; National Maternity Hospital; Dublin Ireland
- School of Medicine & Medical Science; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics; Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland; Dublin Ireland
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43
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Tolle LB, Standiford TJ. Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in acute lung injury. J Pathol 2013; 229:145-56. [PMID: 23097158 DOI: 10.1002/path.4124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are host-derived molecules that can function to regulate the activation of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). These molecules play a critical role in modulating the lung injury response. DAMPs originate from multiple sources, including injured and dying cells, the extracellular matrix, or exist as immunomodulatory proteins within the airspace and interstitium. DAMPs can function as either toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists or antagonists, and can modulate both TLR and nod-like receptor (NLR) signalling cascades. Collectively, this diverse group of molecules may represent important therapeutic targets in the prevention and/or treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie B Tolle
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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44
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Hillaire MLB, Haagsman HP, Osterhaus ADME, Rimmelzwaan GF, van Eijk M. Pulmonary surfactant protein D in first-line innate defence against influenza A virus infections. J Innate Immun 2013; 5:197-208. [PMID: 23391661 DOI: 10.1159/000346374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) cause respiratory tract infections annually associated with excess mortality and morbidity. Nonspecific, innate immune mechanisms play a key role in protection against viral invasion at early stages of infection. A soluble protein present in mucosal secretions of the lung, surfactant protein D (SP-D), is an important component of this initial barrier that helps to prevent and limit IAV infections of the respiratory epithelium. This collagenous C-type lectin binds IAVs and thereby inhibits attachment and entry of the virus but also contributes to enhanced clearance of SP-D-opsonized virus via interactions with phagocytic cells. In addition, SP-D modulates the inflammatory response and helps to maintain a balance between effective neutralization/killing of IAV, and protection against alveolar damage resulting from IAV-induced excessive inflammatory responses. The mechanisms of interaction between SP-D and IAV not only depend on the structure and binding properties of SP-D but also on strain-specific features of IAV, and both issues will be discussed. SP-D from pigs exhibits distinct anti-IAV properties and is discussed in more detail. Finally, the potential of SP-D as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic antiviral agent to protect humans against infections by IAV is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine L B Hillaire
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Wong MH, Johnson MD. Differential response of primary alveolar type I and type II cells to LPS stimulation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55545. [PMID: 23383221 PMCID: PMC3561226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The alveolar epithelium serves as a barrier between organism and environment and functions as the first line of protection against potential respiratory pathogens. Alveolar type II (TII) cells have traditionally been considered the immune cells of the alveolar epithelium, as they possess immunomodulatory functions; however, the precise role of alveolar type I (TI) cells, which comprise ∼95% of the alveolar epithelial surface area, in lung immunity is not clear. We sought to determine if there was a difference in the response of TI and TII cells to lung injury and if TI cells could actively participate in the alveolar immune response. TI cells isolated via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) from LPS-injured rats demonstrated greater fold-induction of multiple inflammatory mediators than TII cells isolated in the same manner from the same animals. Levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β from cultured primary rat TI cells after LPS stimulation were significantly increased compared to similarly studied primary rat TII cells. We found that contrary to published reports, cultured TII cells produce relatively small amounts of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β after LPS treatment; the higher levels of cytokine expression from cultured TII cells reported in the literature were likely from macrophage contamination due to traditional non-FACS TII cell isolation methods. Co-culture of TII cells with macrophages prior to LPS stimulation increased TNF-α and IL-6 production to levels reported by other investigators for TII cells, however, co-culture of TI cells and macrophages prior to LPS treatment resulted in marked increases in TNF-α and IL-6 production. Finally, exogenous surfactant blunted the IL-6 response to LPS in cultured TI cells. Taken together, these findings advocate a role for TI cells in the innate immune response and suggest that both TI and TII cells are active players in host defense mechanisms in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandi H. Wong
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Meshell D. Johnson
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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46
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Nishio K, Horie M, Akazawa Y, Shichiri M, Iwahashi H, Hagihara Y, Yoshida Y, Niki E. Attenuation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytotoxicity by tocopherols and tocotrienols. Redox Biol 2013; 1:97-103. [PMID: 24024142 PMCID: PMC3757666 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces host inflammatory responses and tissue injury and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various age-related diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, vascular diseases, and periodontal disease. Antioxidants, particularly vitamin E, have been shown to suppress oxidative stress induced by LPS, but the previous studies with different vitamin E isoforms gave inconsistent results. In the present study, the protective effects of α- and γ-tocopherols and α- and γ-tocotrienols on the oxidative stress induced by LPS against human lung carcinoma A549 cells were studied. They suppressed intracellular reactive oxygen formation, lipid peroxidation, induction of inflammatory mediator cytokines, and cell death. Tocopherols were incorporated into cultured cells much slower than tocotrienols but could suppress LPS-induced oxidative stress at much lower intracellular concentration than tocotrienols. Considering the bioavailability, it was concluded that α-tocopherol may exhibit the highest protective capacity among the vitamin E isoforms against LPS-induced oxidative stress.
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Key Words
- DCFH, Dichlorofluorescein
- DPPP, Diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- Lipid peroxidation
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
- MTT, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]2,5-dipheyltetrazolium bromide
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor-kappaB
- Oxidative stress
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SP-D, Pulmonary surfactant protein D
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor α
- Toc, Tocopherol
- Toc3, Tocotrienol
- Tocopherol
- Tocotrienol
- Vitamin E
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Nishio
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Ikeda 563-8577, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Etsuo Niki
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Ikeda 563-8577, Japan
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47
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Hernansanz-Agustín P, Izquierdo-Álvarez A, García-Ortiz A, Ibiza S, Serrador JM, Martínez-Ruiz A. Nitrosothiols in the immune system: signaling and protection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:288-308. [PMID: 22746191 PMCID: PMC3518543 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In the immune system, nitric oxide (NO) has been mainly associated with antibacterial defenses exerted through oxidative, nitrosative, and nitrative stress and signal transduction through cyclic GMP-dependent mechanisms. However, S-nitrosylation is emerging as a post-translational modification (PTM) involved in NO-mediated cell signaling. RECENT ADVANCES Precise roles for S-nitrosylation in signaling pathways have been described both for innate and adaptive immunity. Denitrosylation may protect macrophages from their own S-nitrosylation, while maintaining nitrosative stress compartmentalized in the phagosomes. Nitrosothiols have also been shown to be beneficial in experimental models of autoimmune diseases, mainly through their role in modulating T-cell differentiation and function. CRITICAL ISSUES Relationship between S-nitrosylation, other thiol redox PTMs, and other NO-signaling pathways has not been always taken into account, particularly in the context of immune responses. Methods for assaying S-nitrosylation in individual proteins and proteomic approaches to study the S-nitrosoproteome are constantly being improved, which helps to move this field forward. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Integrated studies of signaling pathways in the immune system should consider whether S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation processes are among the PTMs influencing the activity of key signaling and adaptor proteins. Studies in pathophysiological scenarios will also be of interest to put these mechanisms into broader contexts. Interventions modulating nitrosothiol levels in autoimmune disease could be investigated with a view to developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hernansanz-Agustín
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
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48
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Abstract
Clinical research in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been hampered by the lack of validated blood biomarkers. The ideal COPD biomarker would have the following characteristics: (1) it would be a lung specific protein that could be assayed in blood; (2) it would change with disease severity or during exacerbations; (3) it would be specific for COPD; and would be responsive to change with effective treatments. One such candidate is the lung specific protein surfactant protein D (SP-D). In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting SP-D as a COPD biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell P Bowler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
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49
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Li Z, Tighe RM, Feng F, Ledford JG, Hollingsworth JW. Genes of innate immunity and the biological response to inhaled ozone. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2012; 27:3-16. [PMID: 23169704 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ambient ozone has a significant impact on human health. We have made considerable progress in understanding the fundamental mechanisms that regulate the biological response to ozone. It is increasingly clear that genes of innate immunity play a central role in both infectious and noninfectious lung disease. The biological response to ambient ozone provides a clinically relevant environmental exposure that allows us to better understand the role of innate immunity in noninfectious airways disease. In this brief review, we focus on (1) specific cell types in the lung modified by ozone, (2) ozone and oxidative stress, (3) the relationship between genes of innate immunity and ozone, (4) the role of extracellular matrix in reactive airways disease, and (5) the effect of ozone on the adaptive immune system. We summarize recent advances in understanding the mechanisms that ozone contributes to environmental airways disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowei Li
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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50
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Surfactant protein D modulates levels of IL-10 and TNF-α in intrauterine compartments during lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth. Cytokine 2012; 60:423-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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