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Khalil JS, Law R, Raslan Z, Cheah LT, Hindle MS, Aburima AA, Kearney MT, Naseem KM. Protein Kinase A Regulates Platelet Phosphodiesterase 3A through an A-Kinase Anchoring Protein Dependent Manner. Cells 2024; 13:1104. [PMID: 38994957 PMCID: PMC11240354 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation is critical for haemostasis, but if unregulated can lead to pathological thrombosis. Endogenous platelet inhibitory mechanisms are mediated by prostacyclin (PGI2)-stimulated cAMP signalling, which is regulated by phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A). However, spatiotemporal regulation of PDE3A activity in platelets is unknown. Here, we report that platelets possess multiple PDE3A isoforms with seemingly identical molecular weights (100 kDa). One isoform contained a unique N-terminal sequence that corresponded to PDE3A1 in nucleated cells but with negligible contribution to overall PDE3A activity. The predominant cytosolic PDE3A isoform did not possess the unique N-terminal sequence and accounted for >99% of basal PDE3A activity. PGI2 treatment induced a dose and time-dependent increase in PDE3A phosphorylation which was PKA-dependent and associated with an increase in phosphodiesterase enzymatic activity. The effects of PGI2 on PDE3A were modulated by A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) disruptor peptides, suggesting an AKAP-mediated PDE3A signalosome. We identified AKAP7, AKAP9, AKAP12, AKAP13, and moesin expressed in platelets but focussed on AKAP7 as a potential PDE3A binding partner. Using a combination of immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation techniques, and activity assays, we identified a novel PDE3A/PKA RII/AKAP7 signalosome in platelets that integrates propagation and termination of cAMP signalling through coupling of PKA and PDE3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad S. Khalil
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (J.S.K.); (Z.R.); (L.T.C.); (M.S.H.); (M.T.K.)
| | - Robert Law
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7EL, UK; (R.L.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Zaher Raslan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (J.S.K.); (Z.R.); (L.T.C.); (M.S.H.); (M.T.K.)
| | - Lih T. Cheah
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (J.S.K.); (Z.R.); (L.T.C.); (M.S.H.); (M.T.K.)
| | - Matthew S. Hindle
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (J.S.K.); (Z.R.); (L.T.C.); (M.S.H.); (M.T.K.)
| | - Ahmed A. Aburima
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7EL, UK; (R.L.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Mark T. Kearney
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (J.S.K.); (Z.R.); (L.T.C.); (M.S.H.); (M.T.K.)
| | - Khalid M. Naseem
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (J.S.K.); (Z.R.); (L.T.C.); (M.S.H.); (M.T.K.)
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2
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Allen MF, Hutchinson JL, Keith M, Mallah S, Corey RA, Trory JS, Jing C, Fang H, Wei L, Bennett SH, Aggarwal VK, Mundell SJ, Hers I. Difluorinated thromboxane A 2 reveals crosstalk between platelet activatory and inhibitory pathways by targeting both the TP and IP receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38840293 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a prostanoid produced during platelet activaton, important in enhancing platelet reactivity by activation of TP receptors. However, due to the short half-life, studying TXA2 signalling is challenging. To enhance our understanding of TP receptor-mediated platelet biology, we therefore synthesised mono and difluorinated TXA2 analogues and explored their pharmacology on heterologous and endogenously expressed TP receptor function. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Platelet functional and signalling responses were studied using aggregometry, Ca2+ mobilisation experiments and immunoblotting and compared with an analogue of the TXA2 precursor prostaglandin H2, U46619. Gαq/Gαs receptor signalling was determined using a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay in a cell line overexpression system. KEY RESULTS BRET studies revealed that F-TXA2 and F2-TXA2 promoted receptor-stimulated TP receptor G-protein activation similarly to U46619. Unexpectedly, F2-TXA2 caused reversible aggregation in platelets, whereas F-TXA2 and U46619 induced sustained aggregation. Blocking the IP receptor switched F2-TXA2-mediated reversible aggregation into sustained aggregation. Further BRET studies confirmed F2-TXA2-mediated IP receptor activation. F2-TXA2 rapidly and potently stimulated platelet TP receptor-mediated protein kinase C/P-pleckstrin, whereas IP-mediated protein kinase A/P-vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein was more delayed. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS F-TXA2 is a close analogue to TXA2 used as a selective tool for TP receptor platelet activation. In contrast, F2-TXA2 acts on both TP and IP receptors differently over time, resulting in an initial wave of TP receptor-mediated platelet aggregation followed by IP receptor-induced reversibility of aggregation. This study reveals the potential difference in the temporal aspects of stimulatory and inhibitory pathways involved in platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan F Allen
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - James L Hutchinson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael Keith
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Shahida Mallah
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Robin A Corey
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Justin S Trory
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Huaquan Fang
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Liang Wei
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Stuart J Mundell
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ingeborg Hers
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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3
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Abstract
CD36 (also known as platelet glycoprotein IV) is expressed by a variety of different cell entities, where it possesses functions as a signaling receptor, but additionally acts as a transporter for long-chain fatty acids. This dual function of CD36 has been investigated for its relevance in immune and nonimmune cells. Although CD36 was first identified on platelets, the understanding of the role of CD36 in platelet biology remained scarce for decades. In the past few years, several discoveries have shed a new light on the CD36 signaling activity in platelets. Notably, CD36 has been recognized as a sensor for oxidized low-density lipoproteins in the circulation that mitigates the threshold for platelet activation under conditions of dyslipidemia. Thus, platelet CD36 transduces atherogenic lipid stress into an increased risk for thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The underlying pathways that are affected by CD36 are the inhibition of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways and simultaneously the induction of activatory signaling events. Furthermore, thrombospondin-1 secreted by activated platelets binds to CD36 and furthers paracrine platelet activation. CD36 also serves as a binding hub for different coagulation factors and, thus, contributes to the plasmatic coagulation cascade. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent findings on platelet CD36 and presents CD36 as a relevant target for the prevention of thrombotic events for dyslipidemic individuals with an elevated risk for thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Bendas
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Schlesinger
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
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4
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Zhang W, Lai CK, Huang W, Li W, Wu S, Kong Q, Hopkinson AC, Fernie AR, Siu KWM, Yan S. An eco-friendly, low-cost, and automated strategy for phosphoproteome profiling. GREEN CHEMISTRY 2022; 24:9697-9708. [DOI: 10.1039/d2gc02345h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
An automated, online analysis platform using a reusable phos-trap column helps reduce organic solvent, plastic consumables, waste, and labor costs in phosphoproteomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Cheuk-Kuen Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shaowen Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qian Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Alan C. Hopkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - K. W. Michael Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Shijuan Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Belleville-Rolland T, Leuci A, Mansour A, Decouture B, Martin F, Poirault-Chassac S, Rouaud M, Guerineau H, Dizier B, Pidard D, Gaussem P, Bachelot-Loza C. Role of Membrane Lipid Rafts in MRP4 (ABCC4) Dependent Regulation of the cAMP Pathway in Blood Platelets. Thromb Haemost 2021; 121:1628-1636. [PMID: 33851387 DOI: 10.1055/a-1481-2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet cytosolic cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels are balanced by synthesis, degradation, and efflux. Efflux can occur via multidrug resistant protein-4 (MRP4; ABCC4) present on dense granule and/or plasma membranes. As lipid rafts have been shown to interfere on cAMP homeostasis, we evaluated the relationships between the distribution and activity of MRP4 in lipid rafts and cAMP efflux. METHODS Platelet activation and cAMP homeostasis were analyzed in human and wild-type or MRP4-deleted mouse platelets in the presence of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MßCD) to disrupt lipid rafts, and of activators of the cAMP signalling pathways. Human platelet MRP4 and effector proteins of the cAMP pathway were analyzed by immunoblots in lipid rafts isolated by differential centrifugation. RESULTS MßCD dose dependently inhibited human and mouse platelet aggregation without affecting per se cAMP levels. An additive inhibitory effect existed between the adenylate cyclase (AC) activator forskolin and MßCD that was accompanied by an overincrease of cAMP, and which was significantly enhanced upon MRP4 deletion. Finally, an efflux of cAMP out of resting platelets incubated with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was observed that was partly dependent on MRP4. Lipid rafts contained a small fraction (≈15%) of MRP4 and most of the inhibitory G-protein Gi, whereas Gs protein, AC3, and phosphodiesterases PDE2 and PDE3A were all present as only trace amounts. CONCLUSION Our results are in favour of part of MRP4 present at the platelet surface, including in lipid rafts. Lipid raft integrity is necessary for cAMP signalling regulation, although MRP4 and most players of cAMP homeostasis are essentially located outside rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Belleville-Rolland
- Service d'hématologie biologique, AH-HP, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM U1140, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Leuci
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM U1140, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mansour
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM U1140, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Decouture
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM U1140, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Martin
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM U1140, Paris, France
| | | | - Margot Rouaud
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM U1140, Paris, France
| | - Hippolyte Guerineau
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM U1140, Paris, France
| | - Blandine Dizier
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM U1140, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Pidard
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM U1140, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Gaussem
- Service d'hématologie biologique, AH-HP, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM U1140, Paris, France
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6
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Aburima A, Berger M, Spurgeon BEJ, Webb BA, Wraith KS, Febbraio M, Poole AW, Naseem KM. Thrombospondin-1 promotes hemostasis through modulation of cAMP signaling in blood platelets. Blood 2021; 137:678-689. [PMID: 33538796 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is released by platelets upon activation and can increase platelet activation, but its role in hemostasis in vivo is unclear. We show that TSP-1 is a critical mediator of hemostasis that promotes platelet activation by modulating inhibitory cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling. Genetic deletion of TSP-1 did not affect platelet activation in vitro, but in vivo models of hemostasis and thrombosis showed that TSP-1-deficient mice had prolonged bleeding, defective thrombosis, and increased sensitivity to the prostacyclin mimetic iloprost. Adoptive transfer of wild-type (WT) but not TSP-1-/- platelets ameliorated the thrombotic phenotype, suggesting a key role for platelet-derived TSP-1. In functional assays, TSP-1-deficient platelets showed an increased sensitivity to cAMP signaling, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and arrest under flow by prostacyclin (PGI2). Plasma swap experiments showed that plasma TSP-1 did not correct PGI2 hypersensitivity in TSP-1-/- platelets. By contrast, incubation of TSP-1-/- platelets with releasates from WT platelets or purified TSP-1, but not releasates from TSP-1-/- platelets, reduced the inhibitory effects of PGI2. Activation of WT platelets resulted in diminished cAMP accumulation and downstream signaling, which was associated with increased activity of the cAMP hydrolyzing enzyme phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A). PDE3A activity and cAMP accumulation were unaffected in platelets from TSP-1-/- mice. Platelets deficient in CD36, a TSP-1 receptor, showed increased sensitivity to PGI2/cAMP signaling and diminished PDE3A activity, which was unaffected by platelet-derived or purified TSP-1. This scenario suggests that the release of TSP-1 regulates hemostasis in vivo through modulation of platelet cAMP signaling at sites of vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aburima
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Berger
- Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany A Webb
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katie S Wraith
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Febbraio
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; and
| | - Alastair W Poole
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid M Naseem
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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7
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Kim YR, Yi M, Cho SA, Kim WY, Min J, Shin JG, Lee SJ. Identification and functional study of genetic polymorphisms in cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A). Ann Hum Genet 2020; 85:80-91. [PMID: 33249558 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) is an enzyme that plays an important role in the regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated intracellular signaling in cardiac myocytes and platelets. PDE3A hydrolyzes cAMP, which results in a decrease in intracellular cAMP levels and leads to platelet activation. Whole-exome sequencing of 50 DNA samples from a healthy Korean population revealed a total of 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms including five missense variants, D12N, Y497C, H504Q, C707R, and A980V. Recombinant proteins for the five variants of PDE3A (and wild-type protein) were expressed in a FreeStyle 293 expression system with site-directed mutagenesis. The expression of the recombinant PDE3A proteins was confirmed with Western blotting. Catalytic activity of the PDE3A missense variants and wild-type enzyme was measured with a PDE-based assay. Effects of the missense variants on the inhibition of PDE3A activity by cilostazol were also investigated. All variant proteins showed reduced activity (33-53%; p < .0001) compared to the wild-type protein. In addition, PDE3A activity was inhibited by cilostazol in a dose-dependent manner and was further suppressed in the missense variants. Specifically, the PDE3A Y497C showed significantly reduced activity, consistent with the predictions of in silico analyses. The present study provides evidence that individuals carrying the PDE3A Y497C variant may have lower enzyme activity for cAMP hydrolysis, which could cause interindividual variation in cAMP-mediated physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Ran Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - MyeongJin Yi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.,Pharmacogenetics Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sun-Ah Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Woo-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - JungKi Min
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jae-Gook Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, 47392, South Korea
| | - Su-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
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8
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Wu X, Schnitzler GR, Gao GF, Diamond B, Baker AR, Kaplan B, Williamson K, Westlake L, Lorrey S, Lewis TA, Garvie CW, Lange M, Hayat S, Seidel H, Doench J, Cherniack AD, Kopitz C, Meyerson M, Greulich H. Mechanistic insights into cancer cell killing through interaction of phosphodiesterase 3A and schlafen family member 12. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3431-3446. [PMID: 32005668 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic molecules can kill cancer cells by disrupting critical cellular processes or by inducing novel activities. 6-(4-(Diethylamino)-3-nitrophenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one (DNMDP) is a small molecule that kills cancer cells by generation of novel activity. DNMDP induces complex formation between phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) and schlafen family member 12 (SLFN12) and specifically kills cancer cells expressing elevated levels of these two proteins. Here, we examined the characteristics and covariates of the cancer cell response to DNMDP. On average, the sensitivity of human cancer cell lines to DNMDP is correlated with PDE3A expression levels. However, DNMDP could also bind the related protein, PDE3B, and PDE3B supported DNMDP sensitivity in the absence of PDE3A expression. Although inhibition of PDE3A catalytic activity did not account for DNMDP sensitivity, we found that expression of the catalytic domain of PDE3A in cancer cells lacking PDE3A is sufficient to confer sensitivity to DNMDP, and substitutions in the PDE3A active site abolish compound binding. Moreover, a genome-wide CRISPR screen identified the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP), a co-chaperone protein, as required for response to DNMDP. We determined that AIP is also required for PDE3A-SLFN12 complex formation. Our results provide mechanistic insights into how DNMDP induces PDE3A-SLFN12 complex formation, thereby killing cancer cells with high levels of PDE3A and SLFN12 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wu
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | | | - Galen F Gao
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Brett Diamond
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Andrew R Baker
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Bethany Kaplan
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | | | | | - Selena Lorrey
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Timothy A Lewis
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Colin W Garvie
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Martin Lange
- Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sikander Hayat
- Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Seidel
- Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - John Doench
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Andrew D Cherniack
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Charlotte Kopitz
- Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Heidi Greulich
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.
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9
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Li D, Chen J, Ai Y, Gu X, Li L, Che D, Jiang Z, Li L, Chen S, Huang H, Wang J, Cai T, Cao Y, Qi X, Wang X. Estrogen-Related Hormones Induce Apoptosis by Stabilizing Schlafen-12 Protein Turnover. Mol Cell 2019; 75:1103-1116.e9. [PMID: 31420216 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis is controlled by the ratio of anti- and pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. The molecular events underlying how a given physiological stimulus changes this ratio to trigger apoptosis remains unclear. We report here that human 17-β-estradiol (E2) and its related steroid hormones induce apoptosis by binding directly to phosphodiesterase 3A, which in turn recruits and stabilizes an otherwise fast-turnover protein Schlafen 12 (SLFN12). The elevated SLFN12 binds to ribosomes to exclude the recruitment of signal recognition particles (SRPs), thereby blocking the continuous protein translation occurring on the endoplasmic reticulum of E2-treated cells. These proteins include Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, whose ensuing decrease triggers apoptosis. The SLFN12 protein and an apoptosis activation marker were co-localized in syncytiotrophoblast of human placentas, where levels of estrogen-related hormones are high, and dynamic cell turnover by apoptosis is critical for successful implantation and placenta development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianrong Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Youwei Ai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China; Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Di Che
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaodi Jiang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - She Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huangwei Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Cai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbin Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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10
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Berger M, Raslan Z, Aburima A, Magwenzi S, Wraith KS, Spurgeon BEJ, Hindle MS, Law R, Febbraio M, Naseem KM. Atherogenic lipid stress induces platelet hyperactivity through CD36-mediated hyposensitivity to prostacyclin: the role of phosphodiesterase 3A. Haematologica 2019; 105:808-819. [PMID: 31289200 PMCID: PMC7049344 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.213348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin (PGI2) controls platelet activation and thrombosis through a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling cascade. However, in patients with cardiovascular diseases this protective mechanism fails for reasons that are unclear. Using both pharmacological and genetic approaches we describe a mechanism by which oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL) associated with dyslipidemia promote platelet activation through impaired PGI2 sensitivity and diminished cAMP signaling. In functional assays using human platelets, oxLDL modulated the inhibitory effects of PGI2, but not a phosphodiesterase (PDE)-insensitive cAMP analog, on platelet aggregation, granule secretion and in vitro thrombosis. Examination of the mechanism revealed that oxLDL promoted the hydrolysis of cAMP through the phosphorylation and activation of PDE3A, leading to diminished cAMP signaling. PDE3A activation by oxLDL required Src family kinases, Syk and protein kinase C. The effects of oxLDL on platelet function and cAMP signaling were blocked by pharmacological inhibition of CD36, mimicked by CD36-specific oxidized phospholipids and ablated in CD36−/− murine platelets. The injection of oxLDL into wild-type mice strongly promoted FeCl3-induced carotid thrombosis in vivo, which was prevented by pharmacological inhibition of PDE3A. Furthermore, blood from dyslipidemic mice was associated with increased oxidative lipid stress, reduced platelet sensitivity to PGI2ex vivo and diminished PKA signaling. In contrast, platelet sensitivity to a PDE-resistant cAMP analog remained normal. Genetic deletion of CD36 protected dyslipidemic animals from PGI2 hyposensitivity and restored PKA signaling. These data suggest that CD36 can translate atherogenic lipid stress into platelet hyperactivity through modulation of inhibitory cAMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Berger
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Zaher Raslan
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ahmed Aburima
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Simbarashe Magwenzi
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Katie S Wraith
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew S Hindle
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Robert Law
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Maria Febbraio
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khalid M Naseem
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK .,Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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11
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12
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Chen M, Yan R, Zhou K, Li X, Zhang Y, Liu C, Jiang M, Ye H, Meng X, Pang N, Zhao L, Liu J, Xiao W, Hu R, Cui Q, Zhong W, Zhao Y, Zhu M, Lin A, Ruan C, Dai K. Akt-mediated platelet apoptosis and its therapeutic implications in immune thrombocytopenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10682-E10691. [PMID: 30337485 PMCID: PMC6233141 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808217115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by low platelet count which can cause fatal hemorrhage. ITP patients with antiplatelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX autoantibodies appear refractory to conventional treatments, and the mechanism remains elusive. Here we show that the platelets undergo apoptosis in ITP patients with anti-GPIbα autoantibodies. Consistent with these findings, the anti-GPIbα monoclonal antibodies AN51 and SZ2 induce platelet apoptosis in vitro. We demonstrate that anti-GPIbα antibody binding activates Akt, which elicits platelet apoptosis through activation of phosphodiesterase (PDE3A) and PDE3A-mediated PKA inhibition. Genetic ablation or chemical inhibition of Akt or blocking of Akt signaling abolishes anti-GPIbα antibody-induced platelet apoptosis. We further demonstrate that the antibody-bound platelets are removed in vivo through an apoptosis-dependent manner. Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on apoptotic platelets results in phagocytosis of platelets by macrophages in the liver. Notably, inhibition or genetic ablation of Akt or Akt-regulated apoptotic signaling or blockage of PS exposure protects the platelets from clearance. Therefore, our findings reveal pathogenic mechanisms of ITP with anti-GPIbα autoantibodies and, more importantly, suggest therapeutic strategies for thrombocytopenia caused by autoantibodies or other pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Rong Yan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China;
| | - Kangxi Zhou
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Chunliang Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Mengxiao Jiang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Honglei Ye
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xingjun Meng
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Ningbo Pang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Weiling Xiao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Renping Hu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Qingya Cui
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Mingqing Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Anning Lin
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Kesheng Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboraotry of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China;
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13
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Nagy Z, Smolenski A. Cyclic nucleotide-dependent inhibitory signaling interweaves with activating pathways to determine platelet responses. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:558-571. [PMID: 30046761 PMCID: PMC6046581 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are regulated by extracellular cues that impact on intracellular signaling. The endothelium releases prostacyclin and nitric oxide which stimulate the synthesis of cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP leading to platelet inhibition. Other inhibitory mechanisms involve immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif-containing receptors, intracellular receptors and receptor desensitization. Inhibitory cyclic nucleotide pathways are traditionally thought to represent a passive background system keeping platelets in a quiescent state. In contrast, cyclic nucleotides are increasingly seen to be dynamically involved in most aspects of platelet regulation. This review focuses on crosstalk between activating and cyclic nucleotide-mediated inhibitory pathways highlighting emerging new hub structures and signaling mechanisms. In particular, interactions of plasma membrane receptors like P2Y12 and GPIb/IX/V with the cyclic nucleotide system are described. Furthermore, differential regulation of the RGS18 complex, second messengers, protein kinases, and phosphatases are presented, and control over small G-proteins by guanine-nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins are outlined. Possible clinical implications of signaling crosstalk are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Nagy
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Albert Smolenski
- UCD School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
- UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
- Irish Centre for Vascular BiologyRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
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14
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cUMP hydrolysis by PDE3B. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:891-905. [PMID: 29808231 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous results indicate that the phosphodiesterase PDE3B hydrolyzes cUMP. Also, almost 50 years ago, cUMP-hydrolytic activity was observed in rat adipose tissue. We intended to characterize the enzyme kinetics of PDE3B-mediated cUMP hydrolysis, to determine the PDE3B binding mode of cUMP, and to analyze cUMP hydrolysis in adipocyte preparations. Educts (cNMPs) and products (NMPs) of the PDE reactions as well as intracellular cNMPs were quantitated by HPLC-coupled tandem mass spectrometry. PDE3B expression was determined by qPCR and Western blot. Docking studies were performed with the PDE3B crystal structure PDB ID 1SO2 (complex with a dihydropyridazine inhibitor). PDE3B hydrolyzed cUMP (Km ~ 550 μM, Vmax ~ 76 μmol/min/mg) and cAMP (Km ~ 0.7 μM, Vmax ~ 4.3 μmol/min/mg) in a milrinone (PDE3-selective inhibitor)-sensitive manner (Ki for inhibition of cUMP hydrolysis: 205 nM). cUMP forms one hydrogen bond with PDE3B (uracil 3-NH with side chain oxygen of Q988). Two hydrogen bonds stabilize cAMP binding. cCMP does not interact with PDE3B. Possibly, the cytosine base cannot form hydrogen bonds with PDE3B, and the 4-NH2 group clashes with L987 of the enzyme. Adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 MBX cells increased mRNA of PDE3B, but not of PDE3A. Significant amounts of cUMP were detected in differentiated and undifferentiated 3T3-L1 MBX cells. 3T3-L1 MBX adipocyte lysates and rat epididymal adipose tissue membranes contained milrinone-sensitive cUMP-hydrolytic activity. PDE3B is a low-affinity and high-velocity phosphodiesterase for cUMP. The cUMP-hydrolyzing activity described almost 50 years ago for rat adipose tissue is caused by PDE3, probably by the isoform PDE3B.
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15
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Blair TA, Moore SF, Walsh TG, Hutchinson JL, Durrant TN, Anderson KE, Poole AW, Hers I. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110α negatively regulates thrombopoietin-mediated platelet activation and thrombus formation. Cell Signal 2018; 50:111-120. [PMID: 29793021 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays an important role in platelet function and contributes to platelet hyperreactivity induced by elevated levels of circulating peptide hormones, including thrombopoietin (TPO). Previous work established an important role for the PI3K isoform; p110β in platelet function, however the role of p110α is still largely unexplored. Here we sought to investigate the role of p110α in TPO-mediated hyperactivity by using a conditional p110α knockout (KO) murine model in conjunction with platelet functional assays. We found that TPO-mediated enhancement of collagen-related peptide (CRP-XL)-induced platelet aggregation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) secretion were significantly increased in p110α KO platelets. Furthermore, TPO-mediated enhancement of thrombus formation by p110α KO platelets was elevated over wild-type (WT) platelets, suggesting that p110α negatively regulates TPO-mediated priming of platelet function. The enhancements were not due to increased flow through the PI3K pathway as phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) formation and phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) were comparable between WT and p110α KO platelets. In contrast, extracellular responsive kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and thromboxane (TxA2) formation were significantly enhanced in p110α KO platelets, both of which were blocked by the MEK inhibitor PD184352, whereas the p38 MAPK inhibitor VX-702 and p110α inhibitor PIK-75 had no effect. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) blocked the enhancement of thrombus formation by TPO in both WT and p110α KO mice. Together, these results demonstrate that p110α negatively regulates TPO-mediated enhancement of platelet function by restricting ERK phosphorylation and TxA2 synthesis in a manner independent of its kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Blair
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S F Moore
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - T G Walsh
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - J L Hutchinson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - T N Durrant
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - K E Anderson
- Inositide Laboratory, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A W Poole
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - I Hers
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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16
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Sánchez G, Estrada O, Acha G, Cardozo A, Peña F, Ruiz MC, Michelangeli F, Alvarado-Castillo C. The norpurpureine alkaloid from Annona purpurea inhibits human platelet activation in vitro. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2018; 23:15. [PMID: 29713353 PMCID: PMC5905151 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The leaves of Annona purpurea have yielded several alkaloids with anti-aggregation activities against rabbit platelets. This is promising in the search for agents that might act against platelets and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Since significant differences in platelet function have been reported between human and animal platelets, a study focusing on the effect of A. purpurea extracts against human platelet activation is necessary. Methods The compounds in an A. purpurea ethanolic extract underwent bio-guided fractionation and were used for in vitro human platelet aggregation assays to isolate the compounds with anti-platelet activity. The bioactive compounds were identified by spectroscopic analysis. Additional platelet studies were performed to characterize their action as inhibitors of human platelet activation. Results The benzylisoquinoline alkaloid norpurpureine was identified as the major anti-platelet compound. The IC50 for norpurpureine was 80 μM against platelets when stimulated with adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP), collagen and thrombin. It was pharmacologically effective from 20 to 220 μM. Norpurpureine (220 μM) exhibited its in vitro effectiveness in samples from 30 healthy human donors who did not take any drugs during the 2 weeks prior to the collection. Norpurpureine also gradually inhibited granule secretion and adhesion of activated platelets to immobilized fibrinogen. At the intra-platelet level, norpurpureine prevented agonist-stimulated calcium mobilization and cAMP reduction. Structure–activity relationship analysis indicates that the lack of a methyl group at the nitrogen seems to be key in the ability of the compound to interact with its molecular target. Conclusion Norpurpureine displays a promising in vitro pharmacological profile as an inhibitor of human platelet activation. Its molecular target could be a common effector between Ca2+ and cAMP signaling, such as the PLC-PKC-Ca2+ pathway and PDEs. This needs further evaluation at the protein isoform level. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s11658-018-0082-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Sánchez
- 1Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica (CBB), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| | - Omar Estrada
- 1Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica (CBB), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| | - Giovana Acha
- 1Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica (CBB), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| | - Alfonso Cardozo
- 2Laboratorio de Botánica Sistemática, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Maracay, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| | - Franshelle Peña
- 1Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica (CBB), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| | - Marie Christine Ruiz
- 1Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica (CBB), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| | - Fabián Michelangeli
- 1Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica (CBB), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| | - Claudia Alvarado-Castillo
- 1Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica (CBB), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.,3Laboratorio de Hemostasia y Genética Vascular, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 20632, K11 de la Carretera Panamericana, Caracas, 1020-A Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
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17
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14-3-3 proteins in platelet biology and glycoprotein Ib-IX signaling. Blood 2018; 131:2436-2448. [PMID: 29622550 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-09-742650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the 14-3-3 family of proteins function as adapters/modulators that recognize phosphoserine/phosphothreonine-based binding motifs in many intracellular proteins and play fundamental roles in signal transduction pathways of eukaryotic cells. In platelets, 14-3-3 plays a wide range of regulatory roles in phosphorylation-dependent signaling pathways, including G-protein signaling, cAMP signaling, agonist-induced phosphatidylserine exposure, and regulation of mitochondrial function. In particular, 14-3-3 interacts with several phosphoserine-dependent binding sites in the major platelet adhesion receptor, the glycoprotein Ib-IX complex (GPIb-IX), regulating its interaction with von Willebrand factor (VWF) and mediating VWF/GPIb-IX-dependent mechanosignal transduction, leading to platelet activation. The interaction of 14-3-3 with GPIb-IX also plays a critical role in enabling the platelet response to low concentrations of thrombin through cooperative signaling mediated by protease-activated receptors and GPIb-IX. The various functions of 14-3-3 in platelets suggest that it is a possible target for the treatment of thrombosis and inflammation.
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18
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Makhoul S, Walter E, Pagel O, Walter U, Sickmann A, Gambaryan S, Smolenski A, Zahedi RP, Jurk K. Effects of the NO/soluble guanylate cyclase/cGMP system on the functions of human platelets. Nitric Oxide 2018; 76:71-80. [PMID: 29550521 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are circulating sentinels of vascular integrity and are activated, inhibited, or modulated by multiple hormones, vasoactive substances or drugs. Endothelium- or drug-derived NO strongly inhibits platelet activation via activation of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and cGMP elevation, often in synergy with cAMP-elevation by prostacyclin. However, the molecular mechanisms and diversity of cGMP effects in platelets are poorly understood and sometimes controversial. Recently, we established the quantitative human platelet proteome, the iloprost/prostacyclin/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)-regulated phosphoproteome, and the interactions of the ADP- and iloprost/prostacyclin-affected phosphoproteome. We also showed that the sGC stimulator riociguat is in vitro a highly specific inhibitor, via cGMP, of various functions of human platelets. Here, we review the regulatory role of the cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) system in human platelet function, and our current approaches to establish and analyze the phosphoproteome after selective stimulation of the sGC/cGMP pathway by NO donors and riociguat. Present data indicate an extensive and diverse NO/riociguat/cGMP phosphoproteome, which has to be compared with the cAMP phosphoproteome. In particular, sGC/cGMP-regulated phosphorylation of many membrane proteins, G-proteins and their regulators, signaling molecules, protein kinases, and proteins involved in Ca2+ regulation, suggests that the sGC/cGMP system targets multiple signaling networks rather than a limited number of PKG substrate proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Makhoul
- University Medical Center Mainz, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Walter
- University Medical Center Mainz, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Pagel
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e. V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ulrich Walter
- University Medical Center Mainz, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Mainz, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e. V., Dortmund, Germany; Ruhr Universität Bochum, Medizinisches Proteom Center, Medizinische Fakultät, Bochum, Germany; Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Stepan Gambaryan
- University Medical Center Mainz, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Mainz, Germany; Russian Academy of Sciences, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia; St. Petersburg State University, Department of Cytology and Histology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Albert Smolenski
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, Univ. College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - René P Zahedi
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H4A 3T2, Canada; Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- University Medical Center Mainz, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Mainz, Germany.
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19
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Movsesian M, Ahmad F, Hirsch E. Functions of PDE3 Isoforms in Cardiac Muscle. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5010010. [PMID: 29415428 PMCID: PMC5872358 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoforms in the PDE3 family of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases have important roles in cyclic nucleotide-mediated signalling in cardiac myocytes. These enzymes are targeted by inhibitors used to increase contractility in patients with heart failure, with a combination of beneficial and adverse effects on clinical outcomes. This review covers relevant aspects of the molecular biology of the isoforms that have been identified in cardiac myocytes; the roles of these enzymes in modulating cAMP-mediated signalling and the processes mediated thereby; and the potential for targeting these enzymes to improve the profile of clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Movsesian
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 841132, USA.
| | - Faiyaz Ahmad
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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20
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Zhou HS, Li M, Sui BD, Wei L, Hou R, Chen WS, Li Q, Bi SH, Zhang JZ, Yi DH. Lipopolysaccharide impairs permeability of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells via Connexin40. Microvasc Res 2018; 115:58-67. [PMID: 28870649 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary endothelial barrier disruption is a key pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying LPS-impaired permeability of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) are not fully understood. Gap junctions, particularly Connexin40 (Cx40), are necessary for the maintenance of normal vascular function. In this study, we for the first time investigated the role of Cx40 in LPS-impaired permeability of PMVECs and provided potential therapeutic approaches based on mechanistic findings of Cx40 regulation by LPS stimuli. Rat PMVECs were isolated, cultured and identified with cell morphology, specific markers, ultrastructural characteristics and functional tests. Western blot analysis demonstrated that Cx40 is the major connexin highly expressed in PMVECs. Furthermore, by inhibiting Cx40 in a time-dependent manner, LPS impaired gap junction function and induced permeability injury of PMVECs. The key role of Cx40 decline in mediating detrimental effects of LPS was further confirmed in rescue experiments through Cx40 overexpression. Mechanistically, LPS stress on PMVECs inhibited the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, which may synergize with the inflammatory nuclear factor kappaB (NFκB) signaling activation in suppressing Cx40 expression level and phosphorylation. Moreover, through pharmacological PKC activation or NFκB inhibition, Cx40 activity in PMVECs could be restored, leading to maintained barrier function under LPS stress. Our findings uncover a previously unrecognized role of Cx40 and its regulatory mechanisms in impaired endothelial integrity under endotoxin and inflammation, shedding light on intervention approaches to improve pulmonary endothelial barrier function in ALI and ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Song Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lei Wei
- Xi'an Satellite Control Centre Clinic, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710043, China
| | - Rui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Sheng-Hui Bi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Ding-Hua Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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21
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Pakhomov N, Pustovit K, Potekhina V, Filatova T, Kuzmin V, Abramochkin D. Negative inotropic effects of diadenosine tetraphosphate are mediated by protein kinase C and phosphodiesterases stimulation in the rat heart. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 820:97-105. [PMID: 29233660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular diadenosine polyphosphates (ApnA) are recently considered as an endogenous signaling compounds with transmitter-like activity which present in numerous tissues, including heart. It has been demonstrated previously that extracellular ApnA cause alteration of the heart functioning via purine receptors in different mammalian species. Nevertheless, principal intracellular pathways which underlie ApnA action in the heart remain unknown. In the present study the role of the P2Y-associated intracellular regulatory pathway in the mediation of diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) effects in the rat heart has been investigated for the first time. Extracellular Ap4A caused significant decreasing of the ventricular inotropy. Ap4A evoked reduction of the left ventricle contractility in the isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts, decreasing of the Ca2+ transients in the enzymatically isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes and induced shortening of action potentials in the ventricle multicellular preparations. The inhibitory effects of Ap4A in the rat heart were significantly attenuated by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerythrine but these effects were not affected by NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME and guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor ODQ. In addition, substantial attenuation of Ap4A-caused negative inotropy in the left ventricle was produced by nonselective phsophodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor IBMX, while PDE type 2 inhibitor EHNA was ineffective. In conclusion, our results allow suggesting that Ap4A-induced inhibitory effects in the rat heart are mediated by PKC, but not by NO/sGC/PKG-related signaling pathway. In addition, PDE stimulation may contribute to Ap4A-caused inhibition of the rat heart contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Pakhomov
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.
| | - Ksenia Pustovit
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Victoria Potekhina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Tatiana Filatova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Vladislav Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Denis Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
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22
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Endogenous Gαq-Coupled Neuromodulator Receptors Activate Protein Kinase A. Neuron 2017; 96:1070-1083.e5. [PMID: 29154125 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) integrates inputs from G-protein-coupled neuromodulator receptors to modulate synaptic and cellular function. Gαs signaling stimulates PKA activity, whereas Gαi inhibits PKA activity. Gαq, on the other hand, signals through phospholipase C, and it remains unclear whether Gαq-coupled receptors signal to PKA in their native context. Here, using two independent optical reporters of PKA activity in acute mouse hippocampus slices, we show that endogenous Gαq-coupled muscarinic acetylcholine receptors activate PKA. Mechanistically, this effect is mediated by parallel signaling via either calcium or protein kinase C. Furthermore, multiple Gαq-coupled receptors modulate phosphorylation by PKA, a classical Gαs/Gαi effector. Thus, these results highlight PKA as a biochemical integrator of three major types of GPCRs and necessitate reconsideration of classic models used to predict neuronal signaling in response to the large family of Gαq-coupled receptors.
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23
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Malhotra N, Karthikeyan S, Chakraborti PK. Phosphorylation of mycobacterial phosphodiesterase by eukaryotic-type Ser/Thr kinase controls its two distinct and mutually exclusive functionalities. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17362-17374. [PMID: 28855253 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.784124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation-mediated negative feedback regulation of cAMP levels by phosphodiesterase is well-established in eukaryotic cells. However, such a mechanism remains unexplored in prokaryotes. We report here the involvement of eukaryotic-type Ser/Thr kinases, particularly PknA in trans-phosphorylating phosphodiesterase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (mPDE), that resulted in decreased enzyme turnover rate compared with its unphosphorylated counterpart. To elucidate the role of mPDE phosphorylation in hydrolyzing cellular cAMP, we utilized a phosphodiesterase knock-out Escherichia coli strain, ΔcpdA, where interference of endogenous eukaryotic-type Ser/Thr kinases could be excluded. Interestingly, the mPDE-complemented ΔcpdA strain showed enhanced cAMP levels in the presence of PknA, and this effect was antagonized by PknA-K42N, a kinase-dead variant. Structural analysis of mPDE revealed that four Ser/Thr residues (Ser-20, Thr-22, Thr-182, and Thr-240) were close to the active site, indicating their possible role in phosphorylation-mediated alteration in enzymatic activity. Mutation of these residues one at a time to alanine or a combination of all four (mPDE-4A) affected catalytic activity of mPDE. Moreover, mPDE-4A protein in kinase assays exhibited reduction in its phosphorylation compared with mPDE. In consonance, phosphoproteins obtained after co-expression of PknA with mPDE/S20A/T240A/4A displayed decreased phospho-signal intensities in immunoblotting with anti-phosphoserine/phosphothreonine antibodies. Furthermore, unlike mPDE, phospho-ablated mPDE-T309A protein exhibited impaired cell wall localization in Mycobacterium smegmatis, whereas mPDE-4A behaved similarly as wild type. Taken together, our findings establish mutually exclusive dual functionality of mPDE upon PknA-mediated phosphorylation, where Ser-20/Thr-240 influence enzyme activity and Thr-309 endorses its cell wall localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Malhotra
- From the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160 036, India
| | - Subramanian Karthikeyan
- From the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160 036, India
| | - Pradip K Chakraborti
- From the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160 036, India
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24
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Maass PG, Glažar P, Memczak S, Dittmar G, Hollfinger I, Schreyer L, Sauer AV, Toka O, Aiuti A, Luft FC, Rajewsky N. A map of human circular RNAs in clinically relevant tissues. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1179-1189. [PMID: 28842720 PMCID: PMC5660143 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Cellular circular RNAs (circRNAs) are generated by head-to-tail splicing and are present in all multicellular organisms studied so far. Recently, circRNAs have emerged as a large class of RNA which can function as post-transcriptional regulators. It has also been shown that many circRNAs are tissue- and stage-specifically expressed. Moreover, the unusual stability and expression specificity make circRNAs important candidates for clinical biomarker research. Here, we present a circRNA expression resource of 20 human tissues highly relevant to disease-related research: vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), human umbilical vein cells (HUVECs), artery endothelial cells (HUAECs), atrium, vena cava, neutrophils, platelets, cerebral cortex, placenta, and samples from mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. In eight different samples from a single donor, we found highly tissue-specific circRNA expression. Circular-to-linear RNA ratios revealed that many circRNAs were expressed higher than their linear host transcripts. Among the 71 validated circRNAs, we noticed potential biomarkers. In adenosine deaminase-deficient, severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID) patients and in Wiskott-Aldrich-Syndrome (WAS) patients’ samples, we found evidence for differential circRNA expression of genes that are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of both phenotypes. Our findings underscore the need to assess circRNAs in mechanisms of human disease. Key messages circRNA resource catalog of 20 clinically relevant tissues. circRNA expression is highly tissue-specific. circRNA transcripts are often more abundant than their linear host RNAs. circRNAs can be differentially expressed in disease-associated genes.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-017-1582-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp G Maass
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Petar Glažar
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Memczak
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Hollfinger
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Schreyer
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aisha V Sauer
- Scientific Institute HS Raffaele, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Okan Toka
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschge Strasse 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,The German Registry for Congenital Heart Defects, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- Scientific Institute HS Raffaele, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), 20132, Milan, Italy.,Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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25
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Pellerin D, Lortie A, Corbin F. Platelets as a surrogate disease model of neurodevelopmental disorders: Insights from Fragile X Syndrome. Platelets 2017; 29:113-124. [PMID: 28660769 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1317733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability and the leading monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Despite a large number of therapeutics developed in past years, there is currently no targeted treatment approved for FXS. In fact, translation of the positive and very promising preclinical findings from animal models to human subjects has so far fallen short owing in part to the low predictive validity of the Fmr1 ko mouse, an overly simplistic model of the complex human disease. This issue stresses the critical need to identify new surrogate human peripheral cell models of FXS, which may in fact allow for the identification of novel and more efficient therapies. Of all described models, blood platelets appear to be one of the most promising and appropriate disease models of FXS, in part owing to their close biochemical similarities with neurons. Noteworthy, they also recapitulate some of FXS neuron's core molecular dysregulations, such as hyperactivity of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways, elevated enzymatic activity of MMP9 and decreased production of cAMP. Platelets might therefore help furthering our understanding of FXS pathophysiology and might also lead to the identification of disease-specific biomarkers, as was shown in several psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, there is additional evidence suggesting that platelet signaling may assist with prediction of cognitive phenotype and could represent a potent readout of drug efficacy in clinical trials. Globally, given the neurobiological overlap between different forms of intellectual disability, platelets may be a valuable window to access the molecular underpinnings of ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) sharing similar synaptic plasticity defects with FXS. Platelets are indeed an attractive model for unraveling pathophysiological mechanisms involved in NDD as well as to search for diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pellerin
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , QC , Canada.,b Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Audrey Lortie
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , QC , Canada
| | - François Corbin
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , QC , Canada
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26
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Sumbria RK, Vasilevko V, Grigoryan MM, Paganini-Hill A, Kim R, Cribbs DH, Fisher MJ. Effects of phosphodiesterase 3A modulation on murine cerebral microhemorrhages. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:114. [PMID: 28583195 PMCID: PMC5460510 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) are MRI-demonstrable cerebral microhemorrhages (CMH) which commonly coexist with ischemic stroke. This creates a challenging therapeutic milieu, and a strategy that simultaneously protects the vessel wall and provides anti-thrombotic activity is an attractive potential approach. Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) inhibition is known to provide cerebral vessel wall protection combined with anti-thrombotic effects. As an initial step in the development of a therapy that simultaneously treats CMB and ischemic stroke, we hypothesized that inhibition of the PDE3A pathway is protective against CMH development. METHODS The effect of PDE3A pathway inhibition was studied in the inflammation-induced and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)-associated mouse models of CMH. The PDE3A pathway was modulated using two approaches: genetic deletion of PDE3A and pharmacological inhibition of PDE3A by cilostazol. The effects of PDE3A pathway modulation on H&E- and Prussian blue (PB)-positive CMH development, BBB function (IgG, claudin-5, and fibrinogen), and neuroinflammation (ICAM-1, Iba-1, and GFAP) were investigated. RESULTS Robust development of CMH in the inflammation-induced and CAA-associated spontaneous mouse models was observed. Inflammation-induced CMH were associated with markers of BBB dysfunction and inflammation, and CAA-associated spontaneous CMH were associated primarily with markers of neuroinflammation. Genetic deletion of the PDE3A gene did not alter BBB function, microglial activation, or CMH development, but significantly reduced endothelial and astrocyte activation in the inflammation-induced CMH mouse model. In the CAA-associated CMH mouse model, PDE3A modulation via pharmacological inhibition by cilostazol did not alter BBB function, neuroinflammation, or CMH development. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of the PDE3A pathway, either by genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition, does not alter CMH development in an inflammation-induced or in a CAA-associated mouse model of CMH. The role of microglial activation and BBB injury in CMH development warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vitaly Vasilevko
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald Kim
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David H Cribbs
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mark J Fisher
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,UC Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Shanbrom Hall, Room 121, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
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27
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Battram AM, Durrant TN, Agbani EO, Heesom KJ, Paul DS, Piatt R, Poole AW, Cullen PJ, Bergmeier W, Moore SF, Hers I. The Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) Binder Rasa3 Regulates Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent Integrin αIIbβ3 Outside-in Signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:1691-1704. [PMID: 27903653 PMCID: PMC5290945 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.746867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The class I PI3K family of lipid kinases plays an important role in integrin αIIbβ3 function, thereby supporting thrombus growth and consolidation. Here, we identify Ras/Rap1GAP Rasa3 (GAP1IP4BP) as a major phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-binding protein in human platelets and a key regulator of integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling. We demonstrate that cytosolic Rasa3 translocates to the plasma membrane in a PI3K-dependent manner upon activation of human platelets. Expression of wild-type Rasa3 in integrin αIIbβ3-expressing CHO cells blocked Rap1 activity and integrin αIIbβ3-mediated spreading on fibrinogen. In contrast, Rap1GAP-deficient (P489V) and Ras/Rap1GAP-deficient (R371Q) Rasa3 had no effect. We furthermore show that two Rasa3 mutants (H794L and G125V), which are expressed in different mouse models of thrombocytopenia, lack both Ras and Rap1GAP activity and do not affect integrin αIIbβ3-mediated spreading of CHO cells on fibrinogen. Platelets from thrombocytopenic mice expressing GAP-deficient Rasa3 (H794L) show increased spreading on fibrinogen, which in contrast to wild-type platelets is insensitive to PI3K inhibitors. Together, these results support an important role for Rasa3 in PI3K-dependent integrin αIIbβ3-mediated outside-in signaling and cell spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Battram
- From the School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Tom N Durrant
- From the School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Ejaife O Agbani
- From the School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Kate J Heesom
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - David S Paul
- the McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Raymond Piatt
- the McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Alastair W Poole
- From the School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- the McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Samantha F Moore
- From the School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Ingeborg Hers
- From the School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
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28
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Palygin O, Ilatovskaya DV, Staruschenko A. Protease-activated receptors in kidney disease progression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F1140-F1144. [PMID: 27733370 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00460.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are members of a well-known family of transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Four PARs have been identified to date, of which PAR1 and PAR2 are the most abundant receptors, and have been shown to be expressed in the kidney vascular and tubular cells. PAR signaling is mediated by an N-terminus tethered ligand that can be unmasked by serine protease cleavage. The receptors are activated by endogenous serine proteases, such as thrombin (acts on PARs 1, 3, and 4) and trypsin (PAR2). PARs can be involved in glomerular, microvascular, and inflammatory regulation of renal function in both normal and pathological conditions. As an example, it was shown that human glomerular epithelial and mesangial cells express PARs, and these receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of crescentic glomerulonephritis, glomerular fibrin deposition, and macrophage infiltration. Activation of these receptors in the kidney also modulates renal hemodynamics and glomerular filtration rate. Clinical studies further demonstrated that the concentration of urinary thrombin is associated with glomerulonephritis and type 2 diabetic nephropathy; thus, molecular and functional mechanisms of PARs activation can be directly involved in renal disease progression. We briefly discuss here the recent literature related to activation of PAR signaling in glomeruli and the kidney in general and provide some examples of PAR1 signaling in glomeruli podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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29
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Movsesian M. Novel approaches to targeting PDE3 in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 163:74-81. [PMID: 27108947 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of PDE3, a family of dual-specificity cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, are used clinically to increase cardiac contractility by raising intracellular cAMP content in cardiac myocytes and to reduce vascular resistance by increasing intracellular cGMP content in vascular smooth muscle myocytes. When used in the treatment of patients with heart failure, PDE3 inhibitors are effective in the acute setting but increase sudden cardiac death with long-term administration, possibly reflecting pro-apoptotic and pro-hypertrophic consequences of increased cAMP-mediated signaling in cardiac myocytes. cAMP-mediated signaling in cardiac myocytes is highly compartmentalized, and different phosphodiesterases, by controlling cAMP content in functionally discrete intracellular microcompartments, regulate different cAMP-mediated pathways. Four variants/isoforms of PDE3 (PDE3A1, PDE3A2, PDE3A3, and PDE3B) are expressed in cardiac myocytes, and new experimental results have demonstrated that these isoforms, which are differentially localized intracellularly through unique protein-protein interactions, control different physiologic responses. While the catalytic regions of these isoforms may be too similar to allow the catalytic activity of each isoform to be selectively inhibited, targeting their unique protein-protein interactions may allow desired responses to be elicited without the adverse consequences that limit the usefulness of existing PDE3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Movsesian
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Pellerin D, Çaku A, Fradet M, Bouvier P, Dubé J, Corbin F. Lovastatin corrects ERK pathway hyperactivation in fragile X syndrome: potential of platelet’s signaling cascades as new outcome measures in clinical trials. Biomarkers 2016; 21:497-508. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2016.1160289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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New pharmacologic interventions to increase cardiac contractility: challenges and opportunities. Curr Opin Cardiol 2015; 30:285-91. [PMID: 25807221 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The most extensively studied inotropic agents in patients with heart failure are phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 inhibitors, which increase contractility by raising intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate content. In clinical trials, the inotropic benefits of these agents have been outweighed by an increase in sudden cardiac death. Here, I review recent findings that help explain what are likely to be distinct mechanisms involved in the beneficial and adverse effects of PDE3 inhibition. RECENT FINDINGS The proapoptotic consequences of PDE3 inhibition are becoming more apparent. Moreover, it has also become clear that individual PDE3 isoforms in cardiac myocytes are selectively regulated to interact with different proteins in different intracellular compartments. The beneficial and adverse effects of PDE3 inhibition may thus be attributable to the inhibition of different isoforms in different intracellular domains. In particular, PDE3A1 has been shown to interact directly with sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca ATPase (SERCA2) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum through a phosphorylation of a site in its unique N-terminal domain, making it possible that this isoform can be selectively targeted to increase intracellular Ca cycling. SUMMARY Conventional PDE3 inhibitors target several functionally distinct isoforms of these enzymes. Isoform-selective and/or compartment-selective targeting of PDE3, through its protein-protein interactions, may produce the inotropic benefits of PDE3 inhibition without the adverse consequences.
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Raslan Z, Aburima A, Naseem KM. The Spatiotemporal Regulation of cAMP Signaling in Blood Platelets-Old Friends and New Players. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:266. [PMID: 26617518 PMCID: PMC4639615 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherothrombosis, the pathology underlying numerous cardiovascular diseases, is a major cause of death globally. Hyperactive blood platelets play a key role in the atherothrombotic process through the release of inflammatory mediators and formation of thrombi. In healthy blood vessels, excessive platelet activation is restricted by endothelial-derived prostacyclin (PGI2) through cyclic adenosine-5′-monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent mechanisms. Elevation in intracellular cAMP is associated with the control of a number of distinct platelet functions including actin polymerisation, granule secretion, calcium mobilization and integrin activation. Unfortunately, in atherosclerotic disease the protective effects of cAMP are compromised, which may contribute to pathological thrombosis. The cAMP signaling network in platelets is highly complex with the presence of multiple isoforms of adenylyl cyclase (AC), PKA, and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). However, a precise understanding of the relationship between specific AC, PKA, and PDE isoforms, and how individual signaling substrates are targeted to control distinct platelet functions is still lacking. In other cells types, compartmentalisation of cAMP signaling has emerged as a key mechanism to allow precise control of specific cell functions. A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) play an important role in this spatiotemporal regulation of cAMP signaling networks. Evidence of AKAP-mediated compartmentalisation of cAMP signaling in blood platelets has begun to emerge and is providing new insights into the regulation of platelet function. Dissecting the mechanisms that allow cAMP to control excessive platelet activity without preventing effective haemostasis may unleash the possibility of therapeutic targeting of the pathway to control unwanted platelet activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher Raslan
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull-York Medical School, University of Hull , Hull, UK
| | - Ahmed Aburima
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull-York Medical School, University of Hull , Hull, UK
| | - Khalid M Naseem
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull-York Medical School, University of Hull , Hull, UK
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Signorello MG, Leoncini G. Regulation of cAMP Intracellular Levels in Human Platelets Stimulated by 2-Arachidonoylglycerol. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1240-9. [PMID: 26460717 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated that in human platelets the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) decreased dose- and time-dependently cAMP intracellular levels. No effect on cAMP decrease induced by 2-AG was observed in the presence of the adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 as well in platelets pretreated with the thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, SQ29548 or with aspirin, inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism through the cyclooxygenase pathway. An almost complete recovering of cAMP level was measured in platelets pretreated with the specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3A, milrinone. In platelets pretreated with LY294002 or MK2206, inhibitors of PI3K/AKT pathway, and with U73122, inhibitor of phospholipase C pathway, only a partial prevention was shown. cAMP intracellular level depends on synthesis by adenylate cyclase and hydrolysis by PDEs. In 2-AG-stimulated platelets adenylate cyclase activity seems to be unchanged. In contrast PDEs appear to be involved. In particular PDE3A was specifically activated, as milrinone reversed cAMP reduction by 2-AG. 2-AG enhanced PDE3A activity through its phosphorylation. The PI3K/AKT pathway and PKC participate to this PDE3A phosphorylation/activation mechanism as it was greatly inhibited by platelet pretreatment with LY294002, MK2206, U73122, or the PKC specific inhibitor GF109203X. Taken together these data suggest that 2-AG potentiates its power of platelet agonist reducing cAMP intracellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Signorello
- Department of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Lab, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Giuliana Leoncini
- Department of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Lab, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
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Raslan Z, Magwenzi S, Aburima A, Taskén K, Naseem KM. Targeting of type I protein kinase A to lipid rafts is required for platelet inhibition by the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-signaling pathway. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1721-34. [PMID: 26176741 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor (VWF) is modulated by 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling through protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of glycoprotein (GP)Ibβ. A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) are proposed to control the localization and substrate specificity of individual PKA isoforms. However, the role of PKA isoforms in regulating the phosphorylation of GPIbβ and platelet response to VWF is unknown. OBJECTIVES We wished to determine the role of PKA isoforms in the phosphorylation of GPIbβ and platelet activation by VWF as a model for exploring the selective partitioning of cAMP signaling in platelets. RESULTS The two isoforms of PKA in platelets, type I (PKA-I) and type II (PKA-II), were differentially localized, with a small pool of PKA-I found in lipid rafts. Using a combination of Far Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay and cAMP pull-down we identified moesin as an AKAP that potentially localizes PKA-I to rafts. Introduction of cell-permeable anchoring disruptor peptide, RI anchoring disruptor (RIAD-Arg11 ), to block PKA-I/AKAP interactions, uncoupled PKA-RI from moesin, displaced PKA-RI from rafts and reduced kinase activity in rafts. Examination of GPIbβ demonstrated that it was phosphorylated in response to low concentrations of PGI2 in a PKA-dependent manner and occurred primarily in lipid raft fractions. RIAD-Arg11 caused a significant reduction in raft-localized phosphoGPIbβ and diminished the ability of PGI2 to regulate VWF-mediated aggregation and thrombus formation in vitro. CONCLUSION We propose that PKA-I-specific AKAPs in platelets, including moesin, organize a selective localization of PKA-I required for phosphorylation of GPIbβ and contribute to inhibition of platelet VWF interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Raslan
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - S Magwenzi
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - A Aburima
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - K Taskén
- Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K M Naseem
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Toka O, Tank J, Schächterle C, Aydin A, Maass PG, Elitok S, Bartels-Klein E, Hollfinger I, Lindschau C, Mai K, Boschmann M, Rahn G, Movsesian MA, Müller T, Doescher A, Gnoth S, Mühl A, Toka HR, Wefeld-Neuenfeld Y, Utz W, Töpper A, Jordan J, Schulz-Menger J, Klussmann E, Bähring S, Luft FC. Clinical effects of phosphodiesterase 3A mutations in inherited hypertension with brachydactyly. Hypertension 2015; 66:800-8. [PMID: 26283042 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant hypertension with brachydactyly is a salt-independent Mendelian syndrome caused by activating mutations in the gene encoding phosphodiesterase 3A. These mutations increase the protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of phosphodiesterase 3A resulting in enhanced cAMP-hydrolytic affinity and accelerated cell proliferation. The phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein is diminished, and parathyroid hormone-related peptide is dysregulated, potentially accounting for all phenotypic features. Untreated patients die prematurely of stroke; however, hypertension-induced target-organ damage is otherwise hardly apparent. We conducted clinical studies of vascular function, cardiac functional imaging, platelet function in affected and nonaffected persons, and cell-based assays. Large-vessel and cardiac functions indeed seem to be preserved. The platelet studies showed normal platelet function. Cell-based studies demonstrated that available phosphodiesterase 3A inhibitors suppress the mutant isoforms. However, increasing cGMP to indirectly inhibit the enzyme seemed to have particular use. Our results shed more light on phosphodiesterase 3A activation and could be relevant to the treatment of severe hypertension in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan Toka
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Jens Tank
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Carolin Schächterle
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Atakan Aydin
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Philipp G Maass
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Saban Elitok
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Eireen Bartels-Klein
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Irene Hollfinger
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Carsten Lindschau
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Knut Mai
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Michael Boschmann
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Gabriele Rahn
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Matthew A Movsesian
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Thomas Müller
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Andrea Doescher
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Simone Gnoth
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Astrid Mühl
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Hakan R Toka
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Yvette Wefeld-Neuenfeld
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Wolfgang Utz
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Agnieszka Töpper
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Jens Jordan
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Jeanette Schulz-Menger
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Enno Klussmann
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Sylvia Bähring
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.)
| | - Friedrich C Luft
- From the Children's' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (O.T.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.T., J.J.); Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany (C.S., A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., A.M., Y.W.-N., J.S.-M., E.K., S.B., F.C.L.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint co-operation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (A.A., P.G.M., E.B.-K., I.H., C.L., K.M., M.B., G.R., A.M., Y.W.-N., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M., S.B., F.C.L.); Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology/Nephrology, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.E., W.U., A.T., J.S.-M.); Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.L.); Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany (C.L.); Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT (M.A.M.); Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.A.M.); Blood Transfusion Center, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Oldenburg, Germany (T.M., A.D., S.G.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (H.R.T.); Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, VA (H.R.T); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (F.C.L.).
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Abstract
Blood platelet activation must be tightly regulated to ensure a balance between haemostasis and thrombosis. The cAMP signalling pathway is the most powerful endogenous regulator of blood platelet activation. PKA (protein kinase A), the foremost effector of cAMP signalling in platelets, phosphorylates a number of proteins that are thought to modulate multiple aspects of platelet activation. In the present mini-review, we outline our current understanding of cAMP-mediated platelet inhibition and discuss some of the issues that require clarification.
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Maass PG, Aydin A, Luft FC, Schächterle C, Weise A, Stricker S, Lindschau C, Vaegler M, Qadri F, Toka HR, Schulz H, Krawitz PM, Parkhomchuk D, Hecht J, Hollfinger I, Wefeld-Neuenfeld Y, Bartels-Klein E, Mühl A, Kann M, Schuster H, Chitayat D, Bialer MG, Wienker TF, Ott J, Rittscher K, Liehr T, Jordan J, Plessis G, Tank J, Mai K, Naraghi R, Hodge R, Hopp M, Hattenbach LO, Busjahn A, Rauch A, Vandeput F, Gong M, Rüschendorf F, Hübner N, Haller H, Mundlos S, Bilginturan N, Movsesian MA, Klussmann E, Toka O, Bähring S. PDE3A mutations cause autosomal dominant hypertension with brachydactyly. Nat Genet 2015; 47:647-53. [PMID: 25961942 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide, and hypertension is the major risk factor. Mendelian hypertension elucidates mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. Here we report six missense mutations in PDE3A (encoding phosphodiesterase 3A) in six unrelated families with mendelian hypertension and brachydactyly type E (HTNB). The syndrome features brachydactyly type E (BDE), severe salt-independent but age-dependent hypertension, an increased fibroblast growth rate, neurovascular contact at the rostral-ventrolateral medulla, altered baroreflex blood pressure regulation and death from stroke before age 50 years when untreated. In vitro analyses of mesenchymal stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and chondrocytes provided insights into molecular pathogenesis. The mutations increased protein kinase A-mediated PDE3A phosphorylation and resulted in gain of function, with increased cAMP-hydrolytic activity and enhanced cell proliferation. Levels of phosphorylated VASP were diminished, and PTHrP levels were dysregulated. We suggest that the identified PDE3A mutations cause the syndrome. VSMC-expressed PDE3A deserves scrutiny as a therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp G Maass
- 1] Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany. [2] Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Atakan Aydin
- 1] Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany. [2] Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedrich C Luft
- 1] Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany. [2] Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany. [3] Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carolin Schächterle
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Weise
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Sigmar Stricker
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany. [2] Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Lindschau
- 1] Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany. [2] Staatliche Technikerschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Vaegler
- 1] Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany. [2] Department of Urology, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- 1] Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany. [2] Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hakan R Toka
- 1] Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA. [2] Division of Nephrology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Herbert Schulz
- 1] Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany. [2] Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter M Krawitz
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany. [2] Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. [3] Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmitri Parkhomchuk
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany. [2] Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. [3] Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Hecht
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany. [2] Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Hollfinger
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvette Wefeld-Neuenfeld
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Eireen Bartels-Klein
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid Mühl
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kann
- 1] Department II of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [2] Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - David Chitayat
- 1] Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. [2] Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin G Bialer
- 1] Division of Medical Genetics, North Shore/LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York, USA. [2] Department of Pediatrics, North Shore/LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Thomas F Wienker
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany. [2] Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürg Ott
- 1] Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] Statistical Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katharina Rittscher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Jordan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ghislaine Plessis
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Cytogénétique Postnatale et Génétique Clinique, Caen, France
| | - Jens Tank
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Knut Mai
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramin Naraghi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Russell Hodge
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxwell Hopp
- Department of Pediatrics, Griffith Base Hospital, Griffith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lars O Hattenbach
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Anita Rauch
- Institute for Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Vandeput
- 1] Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. [2] Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. [3] Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Maolian Gong
- 1] Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany. [2] Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz Rüschendorf
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Hübner
- 1] Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany. [2] DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany. [3] Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany. [2] Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. [3] Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nihat Bilginturan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Matthew A Movsesian
- 1] Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. [2] Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. [3] Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Enno Klussmann
- 1] Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany. [2] DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Okan Toka
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sylvia Bähring
- 1] Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany. [2] Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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Moore SF, Williams CM, Brown E, Blair TA, Harper MT, Coward RJ, Poole AW, Hers I. Loss of the insulin receptor in murine megakaryocytes/platelets causes thrombocytosis and alterations in IGF signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:9-19. [PMID: 25902782 PMCID: PMC4476412 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Patients with conditions that are associated with insulin resistance such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and polycystic ovary syndrome have an increased risk of thrombosis and a concurrent hyperactive platelet phenotype. Our aim was to determine whether insulin resistance of megakaryocytes/platelets promotes platelet hyperactivation. Methods and results We generated a conditional mouse model where the insulin receptor (IR) was specifically knocked out in megakaryocytes/platelets and performed ex vivo platelet activation studies in wild-type (WT) and IR-deficient platelets by measuring aggregation, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and dense and α-granule secretion. Deletion of IR resulted in an increase in platelet count and volume, and blocked the action of insulin on platelet signalling and function. Platelet aggregation, granule secretion, and integrin αIIbβ3 activation in response to the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) agonist collagen-related peptide (CRP) were significantly reduced in platelets lacking IR. This was accompanied by a reduction in the phosphorylation of effectors downstream of GPVI. Interestingly, loss of IR also resulted in a reduction in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)- and insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2)-mediated phosphorylation of IRS-1, Akt, and GSK3β and priming of CRP-mediated platelet activation. Pharmacological inhibition of IR and the IGF-1 receptor in WT platelets recapitulated the platelet phenotype of IR-deficient platelets. Conclusions Deletion of IR (i) increases platelet count and volume, (ii) does not cause platelet hyperactivity, and (iii) reduces GPVI-mediated platelet function and platelet priming by IGF-1 and IGF-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha F Moore
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Medical Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Christopher M Williams
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Medical Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Edward Brown
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Medical Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Thomas A Blair
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Medical Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Matthew T Harper
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Medical Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Richard J Coward
- School of Clinical Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Alastair W Poole
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Medical Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Ingeborg Hers
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Medical Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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Ahmad F, Shen W, Vandeput F, Szabo-Fresnais N, Krall J, Degerman E, Goetz F, Klussmann E, Movsesian M, Manganiello V. Regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) activity by phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) in human myocardium: phosphorylation-dependent interaction of PDE3A1 with SERCA2. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6763-76. [PMID: 25593322 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.638585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3) regulates cAMP-mediated signaling in the heart, and PDE3 inhibitors augment contractility in patients with heart failure. Studies in mice showed that PDE3A, not PDE3B, is the subfamily responsible for these inotropic effects and that murine PDE3A1 associates with sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2 (SERCA2), phospholamban (PLB), and AKAP18 in a multiprotein signalosome in human sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that PDE3A co-localizes in Z-bands of human cardiac myocytes with desmin, SERCA2, PLB, and AKAP18. In human SR fractions, cAMP increased PLB phosphorylation and SERCA2 activity; this was potentiated by PDE3 inhibition but not by PDE4 inhibition. During gel filtration chromatography of solubilized SR membranes, PDE3 activity was recovered in distinct high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) peaks. HMW peaks contained PDE3A1 and PDE3A2, whereas LMW peaks contained PDE3A1, PDE3A2, and PDE3A3. Western blotting showed that endogenous HMW PDE3A1 was the principal PKA-phosphorylated isoform. Phosphorylation of endogenous PDE3A by rPKAc increased cAMP-hydrolytic activity, correlated with shift of PDE3A from LMW to HMW peaks, and increased co-immunoprecipitation of SERCA2, cav3, PKA regulatory subunit (PKARII), PP2A, and AKAP18 with PDE3A. In experiments with recombinant proteins, phosphorylation of recombinant human PDE3A isoforms by recombinant PKA catalytic subunit increased co-immunoprecipitation with rSERCA2 and rat rAKAP18 (recombinant AKAP18). Deletion of the recombinant human PDE3A1/PDE3A2 N terminus blocked interactions with recombinant SERCA2. Serine-to-alanine substitutions identified Ser-292/Ser-293, a site unique to human PDE3A1, as the principal site regulating its interaction with SERCA2. These results indicate that phosphorylation of human PDE3A1 at a PKA site in its unique N-terminal extension promotes its incorporation into SERCA2/AKAP18 signalosomes, where it regulates a discrete cAMP pool that controls contractility by modulating phosphorylation-dependent protein-protein interactions, PLB phosphorylation, and SERCA2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiyaz Ahmad
- From the Cardiovascular Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Weixing Shen
- From the Cardiovascular Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Fabrice Vandeput
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Judith Krall
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Eva Degerman
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Division for Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frank Goetz
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch (MDC), 13125 Germany, and
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch (MDC), 13125 Germany, and DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew Movsesian
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Vincent Manganiello
- From the Cardiovascular Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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40
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Ahmad F, Murata T, Shimizu K, Degerman E, Maurice D, Manganiello V. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: important signaling modulators and therapeutic targets. Oral Dis 2014; 21:e25-50. [PMID: 25056711 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
By catalyzing hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases are critical regulators of their intracellular concentrations and their biological effects. As these intracellular second messengers control many cellular homeostatic processes, dysregulation of their signals and signaling pathways initiate or modulate pathophysiological pathways related to various disease states, including erectile dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, acute refractory cardiac failure, intermittent claudication, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and psoriasis. Alterations in expression of PDEs and PDE-gene mutations (especially mutations in PDE6, PDE8B, PDE11A, and PDE4) have been implicated in various diseases and cancer pathologies. PDEs also play important role in formation and function of multimolecular signaling/regulatory complexes, called signalosomes. At specific intracellular locations, individual PDEs, together with pathway-specific signaling molecules, regulators, and effectors, are incorporated into specific signalosomes, where they facilitate and regulate compartmentalization of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways and specific cellular functions. Currently, only a limited number of PDE inhibitors (PDE3, PDE4, PDE5 inhibitors) are used in clinical practice. Future paths to novel drug discovery include the crystal structure-based design approach, which has resulted in generation of more effective family-selective inhibitors, as well as burgeoning development of strategies to alter compartmentalized cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways by selectively targeting individual PDEs and their signalosome partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ahmad
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Tinti M, Dissanayake K, Synowsky S, Albergante L, MacKintosh C. Identification of 2R-ohnologue gene families displaying the same mutation-load skew in multiple cancers. Open Biol 2014; 4:140029. [PMID: 24806839 PMCID: PMC4042849 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.140029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of signalling pathways was boosted at the origin of the vertebrates, when two rounds of whole genome duplication (2R-WGD) occurred. Those genes and proteins that have survived from the 2R-WGD-termed 2R-ohnologues-belong to families of two to four members, and are enriched in signalling components relevant to cancer. Here, we find that while only approximately 30% of human transcript-coding genes are 2R-ohnologues, they carry 42-60% of the gene mutations in 30 different cancer types. Across a subset of cancer datasets, including melanoma, breast, lung adenocarcinoma, liver and medulloblastoma, we identified 673 2R-ohnologue families in which one gene carries mutations at multiple positions, while sister genes in the same family are relatively mutation free. Strikingly, in 315 of the 322 2R-ohnologue families displaying such a skew in multiple cancers, the same gene carries the heaviest mutation load in each cancer, and usually the second-ranked gene is also the same in each cancer. Our findings inspire the hypothesis that in certain cancers, heterogeneous combinations of genetic changes impair parts of the 2R-WGD signalling networks and force information flow through a limited set of oncogenic pathways in which specific non-mutated 2R-ohnologues serve as effectors. The non-mutated 2R-ohnologues are therefore potential therapeutic targets. These include proteins linked to growth factor signalling, neurotransmission and ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tinti
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Kumara Dissanayake
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Silvia Synowsky
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Luca Albergante
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Division of Computational Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Carol MacKintosh
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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van den Bosch MTJ, Poole AW, Hers I. Cytohesin-2 phosphorylation by protein kinase C relieves the constitutive suppression of platelet dense granule secretion by ADP-ribosylation factor 6. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:726-35. [PMID: 24581425 PMCID: PMC4238808 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein kinase C (PKC) is a major regulator of platelet function and secretion. The underlying molecular pathway from PKC to secretion, however, is poorly understood. By a proteomics screen we identified the guanine nucleotide exchange factor cytohesin-2 as a candidate PKC substrate. OBJECTIVES We aimed to validate cytohesin-2 as a PKC substrate in platelets and to determine its role in granule secretion and other platelet responses. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunoprecipitation was performed with a phosphoserine PKC substrate antibody followed by mass spectrometry, leading to the identification of cytohesin-2. By western blotting we showed that different agonists induced cytohesin-2 phosphorylation by PKC. Protein function was investigated using a pharmacological approach. The cytohesin inhibitor SecinH3 significantly enhanced platelet dense granule secretion and aggregation, as measured by lumi-aggregometry. Flow cytometry data indicate that α-granule release and integrin αII b β3 activation were not affected by cytohesin-2 inhibition. Lysosome secretion was assessed by a colorimetric assay and was also unchanged. As shown by western blotting, ARF6 interacted with cytohesin-2 and was present in an active GTP-bound form under basal conditions. Upon platelet stimulation, this interaction was largely lost and ARF6 activation decreased, both of which could be rescued by PKC inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Cytohesin-2 constitutively suppresses platelet dense granule secretion and aggregation by keeping ARF6 in a GTP-bound state. PKC-mediated phosphorylation of cytohesin-2 relieves this inhibitory effect, thereby promoting platelet secretion and aggregation.
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Moore SF, Hunter RW, Hers I. Protein kinase C and P2Y12 take center stage in thrombin-mediated activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 in human platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:748-60. [PMID: 24612393 PMCID: PMC4238809 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1), reduces platelet spreading, thrombus stability, and clot retraction. Despite an important role of mTORC1 in platelet function, little is known about how it is regulated. The objective of this study was to determine the signaling pathways that regulate mTORC1 in human platelets. METHODS Mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 activation was assessed by measuring the phosphorylation of its downstream substrate ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K). RESULTS Thrombin or the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbal 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulated activation of mTORC1 in a PKC-dependent, Akt-independent manner that correlated with phosphorylation of tuberin/tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2) (Ser939 and Thr1462). In contrast, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)-stimulated TSC2 phosphorylation was completely dependent on phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3 kinase)/Akt but did not result in any detectable mTORC1 activation. Early (Ser939 and Thr1462) and late (Thr1462) TSC2 phosphorylation in response to thrombin were directly PKC dependent, whereas later TSC2 (Ser939) and p70S6K phosphorylation were largely dependent on paracrine signaling through P2Y(12). PKC-mediated adenosine diphosphate (ADP) secretion was essential for thrombin-stimulated mTORC1 activation, as (i) ADP rescued p70S6K phosphorylation in the presence of a PKC inhibitor and (ii) P2Y(12) antagonism prevented thrombin-mediated mTORC1 activation. Rescue of mTORC1 activation with exogenous ADP was completely dependent on the Src family kinases but independent of PI3 kinase/Akt. Interestingly, although inhibition of Src blocked the ADP rescue, it had little effect on thrombin-stimulated p70S6K phosphorylation under conditions where PKC was not inhibited. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that thrombin activates the mTORC1 pathway in human platelets through PKC-mediated ADP secretion and subsequent activation of P2Y(12), in a manner largely independent of the canonical PI3 kinase/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Moore
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Azevedo MF, Faucz FR, Bimpaki E, Horvath A, Levy I, de Alexandre RB, Ahmad F, Manganiello V, Stratakis CA. Clinical and molecular genetics of the phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Endocr Rev 2014; 35:195-233. [PMID: 24311737 PMCID: PMC3963262 DOI: 10.1210/er.2013-1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that have the unique function of terminating cyclic nucleotide signaling by catalyzing the hydrolysis of cAMP and GMP. They are critical regulators of the intracellular concentrations of cAMP and cGMP as well as of their signaling pathways and downstream biological effects. PDEs have been exploited pharmacologically for more than half a century, and some of the most successful drugs worldwide today affect PDE function. Recently, mutations in PDE genes have been identified as causative of certain human genetic diseases; even more recently, functional variants of PDE genes have been suggested to play a potential role in predisposition to tumors and/or cancer, especially in cAMP-sensitive tissues. Mouse models have been developed that point to wide developmental effects of PDEs from heart function to reproduction, to tumors, and beyond. This review brings together knowledge from a variety of disciplines (biochemistry and pharmacology, oncology, endocrinology, and reproductive sciences) with emphasis on recent research on PDEs, how PDEs affect cAMP and cGMP signaling in health and disease, and what pharmacological exploitations of PDEs may be useful in modulating cyclic nucleotide signaling in a way that prevents or treats certain human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa F Azevedo
- Section on Endocrinology Genetics (M.F.A., F.R.F., E.B., A.H., I.L., R.B.d.A., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Section of Endocrinology (M.F.A.), University Hospital of Brasilia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70840-901, Brazil; Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation (F.R.F., R.B.d.A.), Graduate Program in Health Science, Medical School, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil; Cardiovascular Pulmonary Branch (F.A., V.M.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program (C.A.S.), NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Ogawa A, Firth AL, Ariyasu S, Yamadori I, Matsubara H, Song S, Fraidenburg DR, Yuan JXJ. Thrombin-mediated activation of Akt signaling contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00190. [PMID: 24744867 PMCID: PMC3970741 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) has been increasingly recognized as a common source of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary hypertension. It is clear that development of pulmonary thromboemboli is the inciting event for this process, yet it remains unclear why some patients have persistent pulmonary artery occlusion leading to distal pulmonary vascular remodeling and CTEPH. Thrombin, a serine protease, is an integral part of the common coagulation cascade, yet thrombin also has direct cellular effects through interaction with the family of PAR membrane receptors. This study is designed to determine the effects of thrombin on Akt signaling in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) from normal humans and pulmonary hypertension patients. Thrombin treatment of PASMC resulted in a transient increase in Akt phosphorylation and had similar effects on the downstream targets of the Akt/mTOR pathway. Ca2+ is shown to be required for Akt phosphorylation as well as serum starvation, a distinct effect compared to platelet‐derived growth factor. Thrombin treatment was associated with a rise in intracellular [Ca2+] and enhanced store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE). These effects lead to enhanced proliferation, which is more dramatic in both IPAH and CTEPH PASMC. Enhanced proliferation is also shown to be attenuated by inhibition of Akt/mTOR in CTEPH PASMC. Thrombin has direct effects on PASMC increasing intracellular [Ca2+] and PASMC proliferation, an effect attributed to Akt phosphorylation. The current results implicate the effects of thrombin in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and CTEPH, which may potentially be a novel therapeutic target. Thrombin is known to play an important role in thrombotic events including pulmonary embolism. In this manuscript, we show a direct effect of thrombin on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in both normal and diseased states through Akt signaling, which leads to increased store‐operated calcium entry and cellular proliferation. These direct effects of thrombin may play a role in the development and progression of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Ogawa
- Department of Clinical Science, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical CenterTamasu, Kita-kuOkayama, Japan
| | - Amy L Firth
- The Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Sanae Ariyasu
- Clinical Pathology, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, TamasuKita-kuOkayama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yamadori
- Clinical Pathology, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, TamasuKita-kuOkayama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Matsubara
- Department of Clinical Science, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical CenterTamasu, Kita-kuOkayama, Japan
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois ; Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dustin R Fraidenburg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois ; Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois ; Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Time-resolved characterization of cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling reveals that platelet inhibition is a concerted process involving multiple signaling pathways. Blood 2013; 123:e1-e10. [PMID: 24324209 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-07-512384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important physiological platelet inhibitors is endothelium-derived prostacyclin which stimulates the platelet cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA)-signaling cascade and inhibits virtually all platelet-activating key mechanisms. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we analyzed time-resolved phosphorylation patterns in human platelets after treatment with iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analog, for 0, 10, 30, and 60 seconds to characterize key mediators of platelet inhibition and activation in 3 independent biological replicates. We quantified over 2700 different phosphorylated peptides of which 360 were significantly regulated upon stimulation. This comprehensive and time-resolved analysis indicates that platelet inhibition is a multipronged process involving different kinases and phosphatases as well as many previously unanticipated proteins and pathways.
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Fuentes E, Badimon L, Caballero J, Padró T, Vilahur G, Alarcón M, Pérez P, Palomo I. Protective mechanisms of adenosine 5'-monophosphate in platelet activation and thrombus formation. Thromb Haemost 2013; 111:491-507. [PMID: 24306059 DOI: 10.1160/th13-05-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Platelet activation is relevant to a variety of acute thrombotic events. We sought to examine adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) mechanisms of action in preventing platelet activation, thrombus formation and platelet-related inflammatory response. We assessed the effect of AMP on 1) P-selectin expression and GPIIb/IIIa activation by flow cytometry; 2) Platelet aggregation and ATP secretion induced by ADP, collagen, TRAP-6, convulxin and thrombin; 3) Platelet rolling and firm adhesion, and platelet-leukocyte interactions under flow-controlled conditions; and, 4) Platelet cAMP levels, sP-selectin, sCD40L, IL-1β, TGF-β1 and CCL5 release, PDE3A activity and PKA phosphorylation. The effect of AMP on in vivo thrombus formation was also evaluated in a murine model. The AMP docking with respect to A2 adenosine receptor was determined by homology. AMP concentration-dependently (0.1 to 3 mmol/l) inhibited P-selectin expression and GPIIb/IIIa activation, platelet secretion and aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, TRAP-6 and convulxin, and diminished platelet rolling and firm adhesion. Furthermore, AMP induced a marked increase in the rolling speed of leukocytes retained on the platelet surface. At these concentrations AMP significantly decreased inflammatory mediator from platelet, increased intraplatelet cAMP levels and inhibited PDE3A activity. Interestingly, SQ22536, ZM241385 and SCH58261 attenuated the antiplatelet effect of AMP. Docking experiments revealed that AMP had the same orientation that adenosine inside the A2 adenosine receptor binding pocket. These in vitro antithrombotic properties were further supported in an in vivo model of thrombosis. Considering the successful use of combined antiplatelet therapy, AMP may be further developed as a novel antiplatelet agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - I Palomo
- Iván Palomo G., PhD, Immunology and Haematology Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Casilla: 747, Talca, Chile, Tel.: +56 71 200493, Fax: +56 71 20048, E-mail:
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Selective regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase PDE3A isoforms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:19778-83. [PMID: 24248367 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1305427110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) PDE3A have inotropic actions in human myocardium, but their long-term use increases mortality in patients with heart failure. Two isoforms in cardiac myocytes, PDE3A1 and PDE3A2, have identical amino acid sequences except for a unique N-terminal extension in PDE3A1. We expressed FLAG-tagged PDE3A1 and PDE3A2 in HEK293 cells and examined their regulation by PKA- and PKC-mediated phosphorylation. PDE3A1, which is localized to intracellular membranes, and PDE3A2, which is cytosolic, were phosphorylated at different sites within their common sequence. Exposure to isoproterenol led to phosphorylation of PDE3A1 at the 14-3-3-binding site S312, whereas exposure to PMA led to phosphorylation of PDE3A2 at an alternative 14-3-3-binding site, S428. PDE3A2 activity was stimulated by phosphorylation at S428, whereas PDE3A1 activity was not affected by phosphorylation at either site. Phosphorylation of PDE3A1 by PKA and of PDE3A2 by PKC led to shifts in elution on gel-filtration chromatography consistent with increased interactions with other proteins, and 2D electrophoresis of coimmunoprecipitated proteins revealed that the two isoforms have distinct protein interactomes. A similar pattern of differential phosphorylation of endogenous PDE3A1 and PDE3A2 at S312 and S428 is observed in human myocardium. The selective phosphorylation of PDE3A1 and PDE3A2 at alternative sites through different signaling pathways, along with the different functional consequences of phosphorylation for each isoform, suggest they are likely to have distinct roles in cyclic nucleotide-mediated signaling in human myocardium, and raise the possibility that isoform-selective inhibition may allow inotropic responses without an increase in mortality.
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Highly electronegative LDL from patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction triggers platelet activation and aggregation. Blood 2013; 122:3632-41. [PMID: 24030386 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-05-504639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation and aggregation underlie acute thrombosis that leads to ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). L5-highly electronegative low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-is significantly elevated in patients with STEMI. Thus, we examined the role of L5 in thrombogenesis. Plasma LDL from patients with STEMI (n = 30) was chromatographically resolved into 5 subfractions (L1-L5) with increasing electronegativity. In vitro, L5 enhanced adenosine diphosphate-stimulated platelet aggregation twofold more than did L1 and induced platelet-endothelial cell (EC) adhesion. L5 also increased P-selectin expression and glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa activation and decreased cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels (n = 6, P < .01) in platelets. In vivo, injection of L5 (5 mg/kg) into C57BL/6 mice twice weekly for 6 weeks shortened tail bleeding time by 43% (n = 3; P < .01 vs L1-injected mice) and increased P-selectin expression and GPIIb/IIIa activation in platelets. Pharmacologic blockade experiments revealed that L5 signals through platelet-activating factor receptor and lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 to attenuate Akt activation and trigger granule release and GPIIb/IIIa activation via protein kinase C-α. L5 but not L1 induced tissue factor and P-selectin expression in human aortic ECs (P < .01), thereby triggering platelet activation and aggregation with activated ECs. These findings indicate that elevated plasma levels of L5 may promote thrombosis that leads to STEMI.
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Alonso E, Vale C, Vieytes MR, Botana LM. Translocation of PKC by yessotoxin in an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease with improvement of tau and β-amyloid pathology. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:1062-70. [PMID: 23527608 DOI: 10.1021/cn400018y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Yessotoxin is a marine phycotoxin that induces motor alterations in mice after intraperitoneal injection. In primary cortical neurons, yessotoxin treatment induced a caspase-independent cell death with an IC50 of 4.27 nM. This neurotoxicity was enhanced by 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid and partially blocked by amiloride. Unlike previous studies, yessotoxin did not increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels or produce any change in phosphodiesterase 4 steady state expression in triple transgenic neurons. Since phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are engaged in learning and memory, we studied the in vitro effect of the toxin against Alzheimer's disease hallmarks and observed that pretreatment of cortical 3xTg-AD neurons with a low nanomolar concentration of yessotoxin showed a decrease expression of hyperphosphorylated tau isoforms and intracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta. These effects were accompanied with an increase in the level of the inactive isoform of the glycogen synthase kinase 3 and also by a translocation of protein kinase C from cytosol to membrane, pointing to its activation. In fact, inhibition of protein kinase C with GF109203X blocked the effect of yessotoxin over tau protein. The data presented here shows that 1 nM yessotoxin activates protein kinase C with beneficial effects over the main Alzheimer's disease hallmarks, tau and Aβ, in a cellular model obtained from 3xTg-AD fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Alonso
- Departamento de Farmacología and ‡Departamento
de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27003 Lugo,
Spain
| | - Carmen Vale
- Departamento de Farmacología and ‡Departamento
de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27003 Lugo,
Spain
| | - Mercedes R. Vieytes
- Departamento de Farmacología and ‡Departamento
de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27003 Lugo,
Spain
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología and ‡Departamento
de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27003 Lugo,
Spain
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