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Qiu Y, Gan M, Wang X, Liao T, Chen Q, Lei Y, Chen L, Wang J, Zhao Y, Niu L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zhu L, Shen L. The global perspective on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in ectopic fat deposition: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127042. [PMID: 37742894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Excessive expansion of adipocytes can have unhealthy consequences as excess free fatty acids enter other tissues and cause ectopic fat deposition by resynthesizing triglycerides. This lipid accumulation in various tissues is harmful and can increase the risk of related metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that play a key role in energy metabolism as fatty acid metabolism sensors, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is the main subtype responsible for fat cell differentiation and adipogenesis. In this paper, we introduce the main structure and function of PPARγ and its regulatory role in the process of lipogenesis in the liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and pancreas. This information can serve as a reference for further understanding the regulatory mechanisms and measures of the PPAR family in the process of ectopic fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Qiu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mailin Gan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianci Liao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiuyang Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhang Lei
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Linyuan Shen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Mishra M, Jiang H, Wei Q. New insights on the differential interaction of sulfiredoxin with members of the peroxiredoxin family revealed by protein-protein docking and experimental studies. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 954:175873. [PMID: 37353187 PMCID: PMC10426277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Sulfiredoxin (Srx) is the enzyme that restores the peroxidase activity of peroxiredoxins (Prxs) through catalyzing the reduction of hyperoxidized Prxs back to their active forms. This process involves protein-protein interaction in an enzyme-substrate binding manner. The integrity of the Srx-Prx axis contributes to the pathogenesis of various oxidative stress related human disorders including cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. The purpose of this study is to understand the structural and molecular biology of the Srx-Prx interaction, which may be of significance for prediction of target site for the novel drug-discovery. Homology modeling and protein-protein docking approaches were applied to examine the Srx-Prx interaction using online platforms including ITASSER, Phyre2, Swissmodel, AlphaFold, MZDOCK and ZDOCK. By in-silico studies, A 26-amino acid motif at the C-terminus of Prx1 was predicted to cause a steric hindrance for the kinetics of the Srx-Prx1 interaction. These predictions were tested in-vitro using purified recombinant proteins including Srx, full-length Prxs, and C-terminus deleted Prxs. We confirmed that deletion of the C-terminus of Prxs significantly enhanced its rate of association with Srx (i.e. >1000 fold increase in the ka of the Srx-Prx1 interaction) with minimal effect on the rate of dissociation (kd). Differential interaction of Srx with individual members of the Prx family was further examined in cultured cells. Taken together, these data add novel molecular and structural insights critical for the understanding of the biology of the Srx-Prx interaction that may be of value for the development of targeted therapy for human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murli Mishra
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, USA
| | - Qiou Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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3
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Kim SR, Park JW, Lee BH, Lim KM, Chang TS. Peroxiredoxin V Protects against UVB-Induced Damage of Keratinocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1435. [PMID: 37507973 PMCID: PMC10376850 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage exposed skin cells. Mitochondria and NADPH oxidase are the two principal producers of ROS in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. Peroxiredoxin V (PrxV) is a mitochondrial and cytosolic cysteine-dependent peroxidase enzyme that robustly removes H2O2. We investigated PrxV's role in protecting epidermal keratinocytes against UVB-induced ROS damage. We separated mitochondrial and cytosolic H2O2 levels from other types of ROS using fluorescent H2O2 indicators. Upon UVB irradiation, PrxV-knockdown HaCaT human keratinocytes showed higher levels of mitochondrial and cytosolic H2O2 than PrxV-expressing controls. PrxV depletion enhanced hyperoxidation-mediated inactivation of mitochondrial PrxIII and cytosolic PrxI and PrxII in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. PrxV-depleted keratinocytes exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and were more susceptible to apoptosis through decreased oxygen consumption rate, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cardiolipin oxidation, cytochrome C release, and caspase activation. Our findings show that PrxV serves to protect epidermal keratinocytes from UVB-induced damage such as mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, not only by directly removing mitochondrial and cytosolic H2O2 but also by indirectly improving the catalytic activity of mitochondrial PrxIII and cytosolic PrxI and PrxII. It is possible that strengthening PrxV defenses could aid in preventing UVB-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Ri Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong-Shin Chang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Cardozo G, Mastrogiovanni M, Zeida A, Viera N, Radi R, Reyes AM, Trujillo M. Mitochondrial Peroxiredoxin 3 Is Rapidly Oxidized and Hyperoxidized by Fatty Acid Hydroperoxides. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020408. [PMID: 36829967 PMCID: PMC9952270 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human peroxiredoxin 3 (HsPrx3) is a thiol-based peroxidase responsible for the reduction of most hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite formed in mitochondria. Mitochondrial disfunction can lead to membrane lipoperoxidation, resulting in the formation of lipid-bound fatty acid hydroperoxides (LFA-OOHs) which can be released to become free fatty acid hydroperoxides (fFA-OOHs). Herein, we report that HsPrx3 is oxidized and hyperoxidized by fFA-OOHs including those derived from arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid peroxidation at position 15 with remarkably high rate constants of oxidation (>3.5 × 107 M-1s-1) and hyperoxidation (~2 × 107 M-1s-1). The endoperoxide-hydroperoxide PGG2, an intermediate in prostanoid synthesis, oxidized HsPrx3 with a similar rate constant, but was less effective in causing hyperoxidation. Biophysical methodologies suggest that HsPrx3 can bind hydrophobic structures. Indeed, molecular dynamic simulations allowed the identification of a hydrophobic patch near the enzyme active site that can allocate the hydroperoxide group of fFA-OOHs in close proximity to the thiolate in the peroxidatic cysteine. Simulations performed using available and herein reported kinetic data indicate that HsPrx3 should be considered a main target for mitochondrial fFA-OOHs. Finally, kinetic simulation analysis support that mitochondrial fFA-OOHs formation fluxes in the range of nM/s are expected to contribute to HsPrx3 hyperoxidation, a modification that has been detected in vivo under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Cardozo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Ari Zeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Viera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Aníbal M. Reyes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (A.M.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (A.M.R.); (M.T.)
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Mitochondrial Peroxiredoxin III Protects against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Caused by a Methionine-Choline Deficient Diet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010009. [PMID: 36670871 PMCID: PMC9855157 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. In addition, NAFLD may increase the risk of cardiovascular and liver-related diseases, and displays features of metabolic syndrome. In NAFLD, oxidative stress is primarily caused by excessive free fatty acids. The oxidation of fatty acids is usually caused by β-oxidation of mitochondria under normal conditions, resulting in the production of energy. However, when the inflow of fatty acids in NAFLD becomes excessive, the β-oxidation of mitochondria becomes saturated and the oxidation process increases at sites including peroxisomes and microsomes, thereby increasing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, hepatic mitochondrial ROS play an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Eliminating mitochondrial ROS may improve NAFLD, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We examined the effect of mitochondrial ROS on NAFLD by focusing on peroxiredoxin (Prx), an antioxidant protein that can remove hydrogen peroxide. The protective effect and pathological phenomenon of mitochondrial peroxiredoxin in methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD)-induced liver injury was assessed in a mouse model of NAFLD. In these mice, mitochondrial peroxiredoxin deficiency significantly increased hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. In addition, ablation of Prx III enhances susceptibility to MCD diet-induced oxidative stress and exacerbates NAFLD progression by promoting inflammation. The binding assay results also showed that Prx III-deficient mice had more severe liver damage than Prx III-abundant mice in MCD diet liver injury models. The present data suggest that mitochondrial peroxiredoxin III could be a therapeutic target for preventing and suppressing diet-induced NAFLD.
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Tk F, Rao RJ, S S, Prabhu S, Rudresh V, Oradiyath D. Comparative analysis of sulfiredoxin and total oxidative stress levels in diabetic individuals with periodontitis: A case-control study. J Periodontol 2022. [PMID: 36542371 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The delicate balance between oxidative stress and its antioxidant system can be disrupted in diabetes mellitus (DM), making the tissue susceptible to injury. Hence, this case-control study aims to estimate and correlate the gingival tissue sulfiredoxin and crevicular total oxidative stress (TOS) levels in generalized periodontitis Stage II individuals Grade C (PSII) with and without type II DM. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 72 individuals were grouped based on their glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and clinical parameters: group I, periodontally healthy non-diabetic (HbA1c < 5.7%) (n = 24); group II, non-diabetic with PSII (n = 24); and group III, diabetic individuals (HbA1c > 6.5%) with PSII (n = 24). Gingival tissues and crevicular fluid samples were collected. The samples with adequate protein concentrations (n = 72) were further estimated for sulfiredoxin and TOS levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and calorimetric method, respectively. RESULTS Tissue sulfiredoxin and crevicular TOS levels are increased significantly in the periodontitis group compared to the non-periodontitis group (p < 0.001).The tissue sulfiredoxin levels did not vary significantly between the two periodontitis groups (p < 0.179). The TOS levels are significantly higher in the diabetic compared to non-diabetic periodontitis group (p < 0.001). Correlation statistics showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.65 and p < 0.005) between sulfiredoxin and TOS levels in diabetes with PSII group, however, no such significant correlation was observed in the non-diabetic PSII group (r = 0.255 and p < 0.422). CONCLUSION Diabetic individuals showed inadequate sulfiredoxin-mediated antioxidant response to an increase in oxidative stress levels in periodontitis Stage II Grade C individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayiza Tk
- Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Postgraduate, Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi J Rao
- Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Postgraduate, Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Srirangarajan S
- Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Postgraduate, Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Srikumar Prabhu
- Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Postgraduate, Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinaya Rudresh
- Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Postgraduate, Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepika Oradiyath
- Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Postgraduate, Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Morris G, Walder K, Berk M, Carvalho AF, Marx W, Bortolasci CC, Yung AR, Puri BK, Maes M. Intertwined associations between oxidative and nitrosative stress and endocannabinoid system pathways: Relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 114:110481. [PMID: 34826557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) appears to regulate metabolic, cardiovascular, immune, gastrointestinal, lung, and reproductive system functions, as well as the central nervous system. There is also evidence that neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with ECS abnormalities as well as oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways. The goal of this mechanistic review is to investigate the mechanisms underlying the ECS's regulation of redox signalling, as well as the mechanisms by which activated oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways may impair ECS-mediated signalling. Cannabinoid receptor (CB)1 activation and upregulation of brain CB2 receptors reduce oxidative stress in the brain, resulting in less tissue damage and less neuroinflammation. Chronically high levels of oxidative stress may impair CB1 and CB2 receptor activity. CB1 activation in peripheral cells increases nitrosative stress and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) activity, reducing mitochondrial activity. Upregulation of CB2 in the peripheral and central nervous systems may reduce iNOS, nitrosative stress, and neuroinflammation. Nitrosative stress may have an impact on CB1 and CB2-mediated signalling. Peripheral immune activation, which frequently occurs in response to nitro-oxidative stress, may result in increased expression of CB2 receptors on T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages, reducing the production of inflammatory products and limiting the duration and intensity of the immune and oxidative stress response. In conclusion, high levels of oxidative and nitrosative stress may compromise or even abolish ECS-mediated redox pathway regulation. Future research in neuropsychiatric disorders like mood disorders and deficit schizophrenia should explore abnormalities in these intertwined signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wolf Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Alison R Yung
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Health Science, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Basant K Puri
- University of Winchester, UK, and C.A.R., Cambridge, UK.
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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8
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Cano M, Datta S, Wang L, Liu T, Flores‐Bellver M, Sachdeva M, Sinha D, Handa JT. Nrf2 deficiency decreases NADPH from impaired IDH shuttle and pentose phosphate pathway in retinal pigmented epithelial cells to magnify oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13444. [PMID: 34313391 PMCID: PMC8373343 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor‐2 (Nrf2), a major antioxidant transcription factor, is decreased in several age‐related diseases including age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of blindness among the elderly in western society. Since Nrf2’s mito‐protective response is understudied, we investigated its antioxidant response on mitochondria. Control and Nrf2‐deficient retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells were compared after treating with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Mitochondrial antioxidant abundance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified. Mitochondrial function was assessed by TMRM assay, NADPH, electron transport chain activity, and Seahorse. Results were corroborated in Nrf2−/− mice and relevance to AMD was provided by immunohistochemistry of human globes. CSE induced mitochondrial ROS to impair mitochondrial function. H2O2 increase in particular, was magnified by Nrf2 deficiency, and corresponded with exaggerated mitochondrial dysfunction. While Nrf2 did not affect mitochondrial antioxidant abundance, oxidized PRX3 was magnified by Nrf2 deficiency due to decreased NADPH from decreased expression of IDH2 and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) genes. With severe CSE stress, intrinsic apoptosis was activated to increase cell death. PPP component TALDO1 immunolabeling was decreased in dysmorphic RPE of human AMD globes. Despite limited regulation of mitochondrial antioxidant expression, Nrf2 influences PPP and IDH shuttle activity that indirectly supplies NADPH for the TRX2 system. These results provide insight into how Nrf2 deficiency impacts the mitochondrial antioxidant response, and its role in AMD pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Cano
- Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Sayantan Datta
- Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Tongyun Liu
- Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | | | - Mira Sachdeva
- Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - James T. Handa
- Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
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9
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Specificity of Human Sulfiredoxin for Reductant and Peroxiredoxin Oligomeric State. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060946. [PMID: 34208049 PMCID: PMC8230665 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human peroxiredoxins (Prx) are a family of antioxidant enzymes involved in a myriad of cellular functions and diseases. During the reaction with peroxides (e.g., H2O2), the typical 2-Cys Prxs change oligomeric structure between higher order (do)decamers and disulfide-linked dimers, with the hyperoxidized inactive state (-SO2H) favoring the multimeric structure of the reduced enzyme. Here, we present a study on the structural requirements for the repair of hyperoxidized 2-Cys Prxs by human sulfiredoxin (Srx) and the relative efficacy of physiological reductants hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and glutathione (GSH) in this reaction. The crystal structure of the toroidal Prx1-Srx complex shows an extended active site interface. The loss of this interface within engineered Prx2 and Prx3 dimers yielded variants more resistant to hyperoxidation and repair by Srx. Finally, we reveal for the first time Prx isoform-dependent use of and potential cooperation between GSH and H2S in supporting Srx activity.
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10
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Zhang Y, Park J, Han SJ, Park I, Huu TN, Kim JS, Woo HA, Lee SR. The critical role of redox regulation of PTEN and peroxiredoxin III in alcoholic fatty liver. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:141-148. [PMID: 33249138 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis and subsequent fatty liver disease are developed in response to alcohol consumption. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to play an important role in the alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD). However, the molecular targets of ROS and the underlying cellular mechanisms are unknown. Here, we investigate roles of peroxiredoxin III and redox regulation of phosphatase and tension homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in the alcoholic fatty liver. Alcohol-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress was found to contribute to reversible oxidation of PTEN, which results in Akt and MAPK hyperactivation with elevated levels of the lipogenesis regulators SREBP1c and PPARγ. Moreover, mitochondrial peroxiredoxin III was found to have antagonistic effects on lipogenesis via the redox regulation of PTEN by removing ROS, upon alcohol exposure. This study demonstrated that redox regulation of PTEN and peroxiredoxin III play crucial roles in the development of AFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jiyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jeong Han
- COTDE Inc. 19-3, Ugakgol-gil, Susin-myeon, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-882, South Korea
| | - Iha Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 501-190, South Korea
| | - Thang Nguyen Huu
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 501-190, South Korea
| | - Jong-Suk Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 560-182, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea.
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 501-190, South Korea.
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11
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Mun YC, Ahn JY, Yoo ES, Lee KE, Nam EM, Huh J, Woo HA, Rhee SG, Seong CM. Peroxiredoxin 3 Has Important Roles on Arsenic Trioxide Induced Apoptosis in Human Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line via Hyperoxidation of Mitochondrial Specific Reactive Oxygen Species. Mol Cells 2020; 43:813-820. [PMID: 32975211 PMCID: PMC7528683 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NB4 cell, the human acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell line, was treated with various concentrations of arsenic trioxide (ATO) to induce apoptosis, measured by staining with 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) by flow cytometry. 2', 7'-dichlorodihydro-fluorescein-diacetate (DCF-DA) and MitoSOXTM Red mitochondrial superoxide indicator were used to detect intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). The steady-state level of SO2 (Cysteine sulfinic acid, Cys-SO2H) form for peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3) was measured by a western blot. To evaluate the effect of sulfiredoxin 1 depletion, NB4 cells were transfected with small interfering RNA and analyzed for their influence on ROS, redox enzymes, and apoptosis. The mitochondrial ROS of NB4 cells significantly increased after ATO treatment. NB4 cell apoptosis after ATO treatment increased in a time-dependent manner. Increased SO2 form and dimeric PRX3 were observed as a hyperoxidation reaction in NB4 cells post-ATO treatment, in concordance with mitochondrial ROS accumulation. Sulfiredoxin 1 expression is downregulated by small interfering RNA transfection, which potentiated mitochondrial ROS generation and cell growth arrest in ATO-treated NB4 cells. Our results indicate that ATO-induced ROS generation in APL cell mitochondria is attributable to PRX3 hyperoxidation as well as dimerized PRX3 accumulation, subsequently triggering apoptosis. The downregulation of sulfiredoxin 1 could amplify apoptosis in ATO-treated APL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeung-Chul Mun
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Jee Young Ahn
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Eun Sun Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Kyoung Eun Lee
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Nam
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Jungwon Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Sue Goo Rhee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chu Myong Seong
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
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12
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Ugbode C, Garnham N, Fort-Aznar L, Evans GJO, Chawla S, Sweeney ST. JNK signalling regulates antioxidant responses in neurons. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101712. [PMID: 32949970 PMCID: PMC7502373 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during physiological bouts of synaptic activity and as a consequence of pathological conditions in the central nervous system. How neurons respond to and distinguish between ROS in these different contexts is currently unknown. In Drosophila mutants with enhanced JNK activity, lower levels of ROS are observed and these animals are resistant to both changes in ROS and changes in synapse morphology induced by oxidative stress. In wild type flies, disrupting JNK-AP-1 signalling perturbs redox homeostasis suggesting JNK activity positively regulates neuronal antioxidant defense. We validated this hypothesis in mammalian neurons, finding that JNK activity regulates the expression of the antioxidant gene Srxn-1, in a c-Jun dependent manner. We describe a conserved ‘adaptive’ role for neuronal JNK in the maintenance of redox homeostasis that is relevant to several neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Ugbode
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Nathan Garnham
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Laura Fort-Aznar
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gareth J O Evans
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sangeeta Chawla
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Sean T Sweeney
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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13
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Stein KT, Moon SJ, Nguyen AN, Sikes HD. Kinetic modeling of H2O2 dynamics in the mitochondria of HeLa cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008202. [PMID: 32925922 PMCID: PMC7515204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) promotes a range of phenotypes depending on its intracellular concentration and dosing kinetics, including cell death. While this qualitative relationship has been well established, the quantitative and mechanistic aspects of H2O2 signaling are still being elucidated. Mitochondria, a putative source of intracellular H2O2, have recently been demonstrated to be particularly vulnerable to localized H2O2 perturbations, eliciting a dramatic cell death response in comparison to similar cytosolic perturbations. We sought to improve our dynamic and mechanistic understanding of the mitochondrial H2O2 reaction network in HeLa cells by creating a kinetic model of this system and using it to explore basal and perturbed conditions. The model uses the most current quantitative proteomic and kinetic data available to predict reaction rates and steady-state concentrations of H2O2 and its reaction partners within individual mitochondria. Time scales ranging from milliseconds to one hour were simulated. We predict that basal, steady-state mitochondrial H2O2 will be in the low nM range (2-4 nM) and will be inversely dependent on the total pool of peroxiredoxin-3 (Prx3). Neglecting efflux of H2O2 to the cytosol, the mitochondrial reaction network is expected to control perturbations well up to H2O2 generation rates ~50 μM/s (0.25 nmol/mg-protein/s), above which point the Prx3 system would be expected to collapse. Comparison of these results with redox Western blots of Prx3 and Prx2 oxidation states demonstrated reasonable trend agreement at short times (≤ 15 min) for a range of experimentally perturbed H2O2 generation rates. At longer times, substantial efflux of H2O2 from the mitochondria to the cytosol was evidenced by peroxiredoxin-2 (Prx2) oxidation, and Prx3 collapse was not observed. A refined model using Monte Carlo parameter sampling was used to explore rates of H2O2 efflux that could reconcile model predictions of Prx3 oxidation states with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassi T. Stein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Sun Jin Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Athena N. Nguyen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Hadley D. Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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14
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Park J, Lee EG, Yi HJ, Kim NH, Rhee SG, Woo HA. Ablation of Peroxiredoxin V Exacerbates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Kidney Injury in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080769. [PMID: 32824836 PMCID: PMC7464645 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is one of the major causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) and associated with increased mortality and progression to chronic kidney injury (CKI). Molecular mechanisms underlying I/R injury involve the production and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Peroxiredoxin (Prx) V, a cysteine-dependent peroxidase, is located in the cytosol, mitochondria, and peroxisome and has an intensive ROS scavenging activity. Therefore, we focused on the role of Prx V during I/R-induced AKI using Prx V knockout (KO) mice. Ablation of Prx V augmented tubular damage, apoptosis, and declined renal function. Prx V deletion also showed higher susceptibility to I/R injury with increased markers for oxidative stress, ER stress, and inflammation in the kidney. Overall, these results demonstrate that Prx V protects the kidneys against I/R-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea; (J.P.); (E.G.L.); (N.H.K.)
| | - Eun Gyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea; (J.P.); (E.G.L.); (N.H.K.)
| | - Ho Jin Yi
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Applied Science and Technology for Skin Health and Aesthetics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea;
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea; (J.P.); (E.G.L.); (N.H.K.)
| | - Sue Goo Rhee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea;
- Biochemistryand Biophysics Center, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea; (J.P.); (E.G.L.); (N.H.K.)
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Applied Science and Technology for Skin Health and Aesthetics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3277-4654
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15
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The interplay between oxidative stress and bioenergetic failure in neuropsychiatric illnesses: can we explain it and can we treat it? Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5587-5620. [PMID: 32564227 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitro-oxidative stress and lowered antioxidant defences play a key role in neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The first part of this paper details mitochondrial antioxidant mechanisms and their importance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, including details of NO networks, the roles of H2O2 and the thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin system, and the relationship between mitochondrial respiration and NADPH production. The second part highlights and identifies the causes of the multiple pathological sequelae arising from self-amplifying increases in mitochondrial ROS production and bioenergetic failure. Particular attention is paid to NAD+ depletion as a core cause of pathology; detrimental effects of raised ROS and reactive nitrogen species on ATP and NADPH generation; detrimental effects of oxidative and nitrosative stress on the glutathione and thioredoxin systems; and the NAD+-induced signalling cascade, including the roles of SIRT1, SIRT3, PGC-1α, the FOXO family of transcription factors, Nrf1 and Nrf2. The third part discusses proposed therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating such pathology, including the use of the NAD+ precursors nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside, both of which rapidly elevate levels of NAD+ in the brain and periphery following oral administration; coenzyme Q10 which, when given with the aim of improving mitochondrial function and reducing nitro-oxidative stress in the brain, may be administered via the use of mitoquinone, which is in essence ubiquinone with an attached triphenylphosphonium cation; and N-acetylcysteine, which is associated with improved mitochondrial function in the brain and produces significant decreases in oxidative and nitrosative stress in a dose-dependent manner.
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16
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Upregulation of Mitochondrial Redox Sensitive Proteins in LPS-Treated Stefin B-Deficient Macrophages. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121476. [PMID: 31766320 PMCID: PMC6952955 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stefin B (cystatin B) is an intracellular inhibitor of cysteine cathepsins and mutations in the stefin B gene, resulting in the development of Unverricht–Lundborg disease, which is a form of myoclonic epilepsy. It was suggested that a key mechanism behind stefin B-mediated disease progression was impaired redox homeostasis. Stefin B-deficient mice were found more sensitive to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis as a consequence of increased expression of caspase-11 and Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, Leucine rich Repeat and Pyrin domain containing (NLRP nflammasome activation and higher levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, we investigated if LPS-triggered oxidative stress affected the protein levels and redox status of redox sensitive proteins—thioredoxin, peroxiredoxins, and superoxide dismutases in macrophages and spleens of LPS-injected mice. LPS challenge was found to result in a marked elevation in mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3), sulfiredoxin, and superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) in stefin B-deficient macrophages and spleens. We determined that sulfiredoxin is targeted to mitochondria after LPS challenge. In conclusion, the upregulation of mitochondrial redox-sensitive proteins Prx3 and Sod2 in stefin B-deficient cells implies a protective role of stefin B in mitochondrial function.
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17
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Elko EA, Cunniff B, Seward DJ, Chia SB, Aboushousha R, van de Wetering C, van der Velden J, Manuel A, Shukla A, Heintz NH, Anathy V, van der Vliet A, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Peroxiredoxins and Beyond; Redox Systems Regulating Lung Physiology and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1070-1091. [PMID: 30799628 PMCID: PMC6767868 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The lung is a unique organ, as it is constantly exposed to air, and thus it requires a robust antioxidant defense system to prevent the potential damage from exposure to an array of environmental insults, including oxidants. The peroxiredoxin (PRDX) family plays an important role in scavenging peroxides and is critical to the cellular antioxidant defense system. Recent Advances: Exciting discoveries have been made to highlight the key features of PRDXs that regulate the redox tone. PRDXs do not act in isolation as they require the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase/NADPH, sulfiredoxin (SRXN1) redox system, and in some cases glutaredoxin/glutathione, for their reduction. Furthermore, the chaperone function of PRDXs, controlled by the oxidation state, demonstrates the versatility in redox regulation and control of cellular biology exerted by this class of proteins. Critical Issues: Despite the long-known observations that redox perturbations accompany a number of pulmonary diseases, surprisingly little is known about the role of PRDXs in the etiology of these diseases. In this perspective, we review the studies that have been conducted thus far to address the roles of PRDXs in lung disease, or experimental models used to study these diseases. Intriguing findings, such as the secretion of PRDXs and the formation of autoantibodies, raise a number of questions about the pathways that regulate secretion, redox status, and immune response to PRDXs. Future Directions: Further understanding of the mechanisms by which individual PRDXs control lung inflammation, injury, repair, chronic remodeling, and cancer, and the importance of PRDX oxidation state, configuration, and client proteins that govern these processes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Elko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - David J Seward
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Shi Biao Chia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Reem Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Cheryl van de Wetering
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jos van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Allison Manuel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Nicholas H Heintz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Yvonne M W Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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18
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Chawsheen HA, Jiang H, Ying Q, Ding N, Thapa P, Wei Q. The redox regulator sulfiredoxin forms a complex with thioredoxin domain-containing 5 protein in response to ER stress in lung cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8991-9006. [PMID: 31000628 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfiredoxin (Srx) reduces hyperoxidized 2-cysteine-containing peroxiredoxins (Prxs) and protects cells against oxidative stress. Previous studies have shown that Srx is highly expressed in primary specimens of lung cancer patients and plays a pivotal role in lung tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the oncogenic mechanisms of Srx in cancer are incompletely understood. In this study, we found that Srx knockdown sensitizes lung cancer cells to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cell death. Through MS analysis, we determined that Srx forms a complex with the ER-resident protein thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 (TXNDC5). Using reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence imaging, subcellular fractionation, and domain-mapping assays with site-specific mutagenesis and purified recombinant proteins, we further characterized the Srx-TXNDC5 interaction. In response to ER stress but not to oxidative stress, Srx exhibits an increased association with TXNDC5, facilitating the retention of Srx in the ER. Of note, TXNDC5 knockdown in lung cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation and repressed anchorage-independent colony formation and migration, but increased cell invasion and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Using immunohistochemical staining, we demonstrate that TXNDC5 is highly expressed in patient-derived lung cancer specimens. Bioinformatics analysis of publicly available data sets revealed that those with high Srx levels have significantly shorter survival and that those with high TXNDC5 levels have longer survival. We conclude that the cellular levels of Srx and TXNDC5 may be useful as biomarkers to predict the survival of individuals with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Jiang
- From the Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and
| | - Qi Ying
- From the Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and
| | - Na Ding
- From the Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and
| | - Pratik Thapa
- From the Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and
| | - Qiou Wei
- From the Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and .,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
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19
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Collins JA, Wood ST, Bolduc JA, Nurmalasari NPD, Chubinskaya S, Poole LB, Furdui CM, Nelson KJ, Loeser RF. Differential peroxiredoxin hyperoxidation regulates MAP kinase signaling in human articular chondrocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:139-152. [PMID: 30639614 PMCID: PMC6588440 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The peroxiredoxin (Prx) family of Cys-dependent peroxidases control intracellular levels of H2O2 and can regulate signal transduction. Inhibition of the Prxs, through hyperoxidation amongst other mechanisms, leads to oxidative stress conditions that can alter homeostatic signaling. To determine the effects oxidation of Prx1-Prx3 has on MAP kinase and IGF-1 signaling events in human chondrocytes, this study used 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (menadione) and 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ) as H2O2-generating tools due to their differential mechanisms of action. Menadione and DMNQ generated similar levels of intracellular H2O2 as determined using the biosensor Orp1-roGFP and by measuring Prx redox status. However, menadione generated higher levels of mitochondrial H2O2 associated with Prx3 hyperoxidation and phosphorylation of Prx1 while DMNQ treatment was associated with hyperoxidation of cytosolic Prx1 and Prx2 but not mitochondrial Prx3. Both menadione and DMNQ induced sustained phosphorylation of p38 but only DMNQ activated JNK. Menadione but not DMNQ inhibited IGF-1-induced Akt phosphorylation. Chondrocytes transduced with an adenoviral vector to overexpress Prx3 displayed decreased PrxSO2/3 formation in response to menadione which was associated with restoration of IGF-1-mediated Akt signaling and inhibition of p38 phosphorylation. Prx1 and Prx2 overexpression had no effects on Prx redox status but Prx1 overexpression enhanced basal Akt phosphorylation. These results suggest that hyperoxidation of specific Prx isoforms is associated with distinct cell signaling events and identify Prx3 redox status as an important regulator of anabolic and catabolic signal transduction. Targeted strategies to prevent mitochondrial Prx3 hyperoxidation could be useful in maintaining cellular redox balance and homeostatic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Collins
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott T Wood
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, BioSNTR, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Jesalyn A Bolduc
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - N P Dewi Nurmalasari
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, BioSNTR, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Susan Chubinskaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leslie B Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly J Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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20
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Zingerone Attenuates bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.80098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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21
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Stevens JF, Revel JS, Maier CS. Mitochondria-Centric Review of Polyphenol Bioactivity in Cancer Models. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1589-1611. [PMID: 29084444 PMCID: PMC6207154 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Humans are exposed daily to polyphenols in milligram-to-gram amounts through dietary consumption of fruits and vegetables. Polyphenols are also available as components of dietary supplements for improving general health. Although polyphenols are often advertised as antioxidants to explain health benefits, experimental evidence shows that their beneficial cancer preventing and controlling properties are more likely due to stimulation of pro-oxidant and proapoptotic pathways. Recent Advances: The understanding of the biological differences between cancer and normal cell, and especially the role that mitochondria play in carcinogenesis, has greatly advanced in recent years. These advances have resulted in a wealth of new information on polyphenol bioactivity in cell culture and animal models of cancer. Polyphenols appear to target oxidative phosphorylation and regulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), glycolysis, pro-oxidant pathways, and antioxidant (adaptive) stress responses with greater selectivity in tumorigenic cells. CRITICAL ISSUES The ability of polyphenols to dissipate the MMP (Δψm) by a protonophore mechanism has been known for more than 50 years. However, researchers focus primarily on the downstream molecular effects of Δψm dissipation and mitochondrial uncoupling. We argue that the physicochemical properties of polyphenols are responsible for their anticancer properties by virtue of their protonophoric and pro-oxidant properties rather than their specific effects on downstream molecular targets. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Polyphenol-induced dissipation of Δψm is a physicochemical process that cancer cells cannot develop resistance against by gene mutation. Therefore, polyphenols should receive more attention as agents for cotherapy with cancer drugs to gain synergistic activity. Antioxid. Redox Signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F. Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Johana S. Revel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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22
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Peroxiredoxins (Prxs), a family of thiol-associated peroxidases, are purported to play a major role in sensing and managing hydrogen peroxide concentrations and transducing peroxide-derived signals. Recent Advances: Prxs can act as detoxifying factors and impart effects to cells that can be either sparing or suicidal. Advances have been made to address the qualitative changes in Prx function in response to quantitative changes in the signal level and to understand how Prx activity could be affected by their own substrates. Here we rationalize the basis for both positive and negative effects on signaling pathways and cell physiology, summarizing data from model organisms, including invertebrates. CRITICAL ISSUES Resolving the relationship between the promiscuous behavior of reactive oxygen species and the specificity of Prxs toward different targets in redox-sensitive signaling pathways is a key area of research. Attempts to understand Prx function and underlying mechanisms were conducted in vitro or in vivo under nonphysiological conditions, leaving the physiological relevance yet to be defined. Other issues: Why despite the high degree of homology and similarities in subcellular and tissue distribution between Prxs do they display differential effects on signaling? How is the specificity of post-translational protein modifications determined? Other than chaperone-like activity, how do hyperoxidized Prxs function? FUTURE DIRECTIONS Genetic models with mutated catalytic and resolving cysteines should be further exploited to dissect the functional significance of individual Prxs in their different states together with their alternative reducing partners. Such an analysis may then be extended to help identify Prx-specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Radyuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University , Dallas, Texas
| | - William C Orr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University , Dallas, Texas
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Wu J, Li J, Wang H, Liu CB. Mitochondrial-targeted penetrating peptide delivery for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:951-964. [PMID: 30173542 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1517750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondria are promising targeting organelles for anticancer strategies; however, mitochondria are difficult for antineoplastic drugs to recognize and bind. Mitochondria-penetrating peptides (MPPs) are unique tools to gain access to the cell interior and deliver a bioactive cargo into mitochondria. MPPs have combined or delivered a variety of antitumor cargoes and obviously inhibited the tumor growth in vivo and in vitro. MPPs create new opportunities to develop new treatments for cancer. AREAS COVERED We review the target sites of mitochondria and the target-penetration mechanism of MPPs, different strategies, and various additional strategies decorated MPPs for tumor cell mitochondria targeting, the decorating mattes including metabolism molecules, RNA, DNA, and protein, which exploited considered as therapeutic combined with MPPs and target in human cancer treatment. EXPERT OPINION/COMMENTARY Therapeutic selectivity that preferentially targets the mitochondrial abnormalities in cancer cells without toxic impact on normal cells still need to be deepen. Moreover, it needs appropriate study designs for a correct evaluation of the target delivery outcome and the degradation rate of the drug in the cell. Generally, it is optimistic that the advances in mitochondrial targeting drug delivery by MPPs plasticity outlined here will ultimately help to the discovery of new approaches for the prevention and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wu
- a Affiliated Ren He Hospital of China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China.,b Hubei Key Lab. of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China.,c Medical School , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China
| | - Jason Li
- d Institute for Cell Engineering , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Hu Wang
- b Hubei Key Lab. of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China.,c Medical School , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China.,d Institute for Cell Engineering , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Chang-Bai Liu
- b Hubei Key Lab. of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China.,c Medical School , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China
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Veal EA, Underwood ZE, Tomalin LE, Morgan BA, Pillay CS. Hyperoxidation of Peroxiredoxins: Gain or Loss of Function? Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:574-590. [PMID: 28762774 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In 2003, structural studies revealed that eukaryotic 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prx) have evolved to be sensitive to inactivation of their thioredoxin peroxidase activity by hyperoxidation (sulfinylation) of their peroxide-reacting catalytic cysteine. This was accompanied by the unexpected discovery, that the sulfinylation of this cysteine was reversible in vivo and the identification of a new enzyme, sulfiredoxin, that had apparently co-evolved specifically to reduce hyperoxidized 2-Cys Prx, restoring their peroxidase activity. Together, these findings have provided the impetus for multiple studies investigating the purpose of this reversible, Prx hyperoxidation. Recent Advances: It has been suggested that inhibition of the thioredoxin peroxidase activity by hyperoxidation can both promote and inhibit peroxide signal transduction, depending on the context. Prx hyperoxidation has also been proposed to protect cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage, by preserving reduced thioredoxin and/or by increasing non-peroxidase chaperone or signaling activities of Prx. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we will review the evidence in support of each of these proposed functions, in view of the in vivo contexts in which Prx hyperoxidation occurs, and the role of sulfiredoxin. Thus, we will attempt to explain the basis for seemingly contradictory roles for Prx hyperoxidation in redox signaling. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We provide a rationale, based on modeling and experimental studies, for why Prx hyperoxidation should be considered a suitable, early biomarker for damaging levels of ROS. We discuss the implications that this has for the role of Prx in aging and the detection of hyperoxidized Prx as a conserved feature of circadian rhythms. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 574-590.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Veal
- 1 Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom .,2 Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe E Underwood
- 1 Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom .,2 Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis E Tomalin
- 1 Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom .,2 Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Brian A Morgan
- 1 Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ché S Pillay
- 3 School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Pietermartizburg, South Africa
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Dagnell M, Schmidt EE, Arnér ESJ. The A to Z of modulated cell patterning by mammalian thioredoxin reductases. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:484-496. [PMID: 29278740 PMCID: PMC5771652 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs) are selenocysteine-containing proteins (selenoproteins) that propel a large number of functions through reduction of several substrates including the active site disulfide of thioredoxins (Trxs). Well-known enzymatic systems that in turn are supported by Trxs and TrxRs include deoxyribonucleotide synthesis through ribonucleotide reductase, antioxidant defense through peroxiredoxins and methionine sulfoxide reductases, and redox modulation of a number of transcription factors. Although these functions may be essential for cells due to crucial roles in maintenance of cell viability and proliferation, findings during the last decade reveal that mammals have major redundancy in their cellular reductive systems. The synthesis of glutathione (GSH) and reductive functions of GSH-dependent pathways typically act in parallel with Trx-dependent pathways, with only one of these systems often being sufficient to support viability. Importantly, this does not imply that a modulation of the Trx system will remain without consequences, even when GSH-dependent pathways remain functional. As suggested by several recent findings, the Trx system in general and the TrxRs in particular, function as key regulators of signaling pathways. In this review article we will discuss findings that collectively suggest that modulation in mammalian systems of cytosolic TrxR1 (TXNRD1) or mitochondrial TrxR2 (TXNRD2) influence cell patterning and cellular stress responses. Effects of lower activities include increased adipogenesis, insulin responsiveness, glycogen accumulation, hyperproliferation, and distorted embryonic development, while increased activities correlate with decreased proliferation and extended lifespan, as well as worse cancer prognosis. The molecular mechanisms that underlie these diverse effects, involving regulation of protein phosphorylation cascades and of key transcription factors that guide cellular differentiation pathways, will be discussed. We conclude that the selenium-dependent oxidoreductases TrxR1 and TrxR2 should be considered as key components of signaling pathways that control cell differentiation and cellular stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Dagnell
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edward E Schmidt
- Microbiology & Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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26
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Mundugaru R, Sivanesan S, Udaykumar P, Rao N, Chandra N. Protective Effect of Pluchea lanceolata against Aluminum Chloride-induced Neurotoxicity in Swiss Albino Mice. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S567-S572. [PMID: 29142416 PMCID: PMC5669099 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_124_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is a known potent environmental neurotoxin causing progressive neurodegenerative changes in the brain. The herb Pluchea lanceolata is commonly known as "Rasana" and used as a nerve tonic in neuroinflammatory conditions in Indian system of medicine. Objective To evaluate the neuroprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of P. lanceolata in chronic AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods Albino mice were categorized into four different groups; Group 1served as vehicle control, Group 2 mice were administered with AlCl3, 40 mg/kg body weight by intraperitoneal route for 45 consecutive days. Groups 3 and 4 mice were administered with AlCl3, 40 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal for 45 consecutive days along with hydroalcoholic extract of P. lanceolata at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. Results Chronic administration of AlCl3 resulted in behavioral deficits, triggered lipid peroxidation, increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and histological alterations. Co-administration of hydroalcoholic extract of P. lanceolata attenuated many of the AlCl3-induced alterations such as behavioral, lipid peroxidation, AChE, and histological changes of brain tissue. Conclusion The results of the present study have demonstrated the protective role of hydroalcoholic extract of P. lanceolata against AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. The neuroprotective efficacy of P. lanceolata can help reduce the symptoms caused by toxic protein aggregates in several degenerative diseases. SUMMARY The hydro alcoholic extract of Pluchea lanceolata showed neuroprotective activity in albino mice against AlCl3 toxicityThe benefits of Pluchea lanceolata against AlCl3 toxicity includes reduced lipid peroxidation and acetylcholine esterase activity with improved behavioral functionsThe hydro alcoholic extract of Pluchea lanceolata rendered protection against AlCl3 in forebrain, midbrain, cerebellum and hippocampusTherefore Pluchea lanceolata holds pharmacological potentials for treating diseases associated with neuronal toxicity. Abbreviations used: HAPL: Hydro alcoholic extract of Pluchea lanceolata; CAT: Catalase; GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TBARS: Thio-barbituric acid reactive substances; MDA: Malondialdehyde; AChE: Acetylcholine esterase; AOT: Acute oral toxicity; CNS: Central nervous system; H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide; ML: molecular layer; GL: granular layer; MC: microcytic changes; BV: blood vessels; DG: dentate gyrus; PC: pyramidal cells; LD: Lethal dose; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; SEM: Standard error of mean; PCL: Pyramidal cell layer; OCL: Outer granular layer; BV: blood vessels; PM: Pia mater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Mundugaru
- Department of Pharmacology, S.D.M. Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Padmaja Udaykumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Niranjan Rao
- Department of PG Studies in Panchakarma, S.D.M. College of Ayurveda, Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, S.D.M. Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka, India
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27
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Ferrington DA, Ebeling MC, Kapphahn RJ, Terluk MR, Fisher CR, Polanco JR, Roehrich H, Leary MM, Geng Z, Dutton JR, Montezuma SR. Altered bioenergetics and enhanced resistance to oxidative stress in human retinal pigment epithelial cells from donors with age-related macular degeneration. Redox Biol 2017; 13:255-265. [PMID: 28600982 PMCID: PMC5466586 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness among older adults. It has been suggested that mitochondrial defects in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) underlies AMD pathology. To test this idea, we developed primary cultures of RPE to ask whether RPE from donors with AMD differ in their metabolic profile compared with healthy age-matched donors. Analysis of gene expression, protein content, and RPE function showed that these cultured cells replicated many of the cardinal features of RPE in vivo. Using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer to measure bioenergetics, we observed RPE from donors with AMD exhibited reduced mitochondrial and glycolytic function compared with healthy donors. RPE from AMD donors were also more resistant to oxidative inactivation of these two energy-producing pathways and were less susceptible to oxidation-induced cell death compared with cells from healthy donors. Investigation of the potential mechanism responsible for differences in bioenergetics and resistance to oxidative stress showed RPE from AMD donors had increased PGC1α protein as well as differential expression of multiple genes in response to an oxidative challenge. Based on our data, we propose that cultured RPE from donors phenotyped for the presence or absence of AMD provides an excellent model system for studying "AMD in a dish". Our results are consistent with the ideas that (i) a bioenergetics crisis in the RPE contributes to AMD pathology, and (ii) the diseased environment in vivo causes changes in the cellular profile that are retained in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Ferrington
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Mara C Ebeling
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Rebecca J Kapphahn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Marcia R Terluk
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Cody R Fisher
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Jorge R Polanco
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Heidi Roehrich
- Histology Core for Vision Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Michaela M Leary
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Zhaohui Geng
- Stem Cell Institute and Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - James R Dutton
- Stem Cell Institute and Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Sandra R Montezuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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28
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Lan K, Zhao Y, Fan Y, Ma B, Yang S, Liu Q, Linghu H, Wang H. Sulfiredoxin May Promote Cervical Cancer Metastasis via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050917. [PMID: 28448437 PMCID: PMC5454830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal elevation of sulfiredoxin (Srx/SRXN1)-an antioxidant enzyme whose main function is to protect against oxidative stress-has been shown to be closely correlated with the progression of several types of cancer, including human cervical cancer. However, the molecular mechanism by which Srx promotes tumor progression, especially cancer metastasis in cervical cancer, has not been elucidated. Here, we show that Srx expression gradually increases during the progression of human cervical cancer and its expression level is closely correlated with lymph node metastasis. Our study also reveals a significant positive correlation between the expression of Srx and β-catenin in cervical cancer tissues. Loss-of-function studies demonstrate that Srx knockdown using a lentiviral vector-mediated specific shRNA decreases the migration and invasion capacity in HeLa (human papilloma virus 18 type cervical cancer cell line) and SiHa SiHa (cervical squamous cancer cell line). Notably, the exact opposite effects were observed in gain-of-function experiments in C-33A cells. Mechanistically, downregulation or upregulation of Srx leads to an altered expression of proteins associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, blockage of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway contributed to attenuated Srx expression and resulted in significant inhibition of cell migration and invasion in cervical cancer cell lines. Combined, Srx might be an oncoprotein in cervical cancer, playing critical roles in activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway; it may therefore be a therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyun Lan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yuni Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yue Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Binbin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Hua Linghu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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29
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Shi S, Guo Y, Lou Y, Li Q, Cai X, Zhong X, Li H. Sulfiredoxin involved in the protection of peroxiredoxins against hyperoxidation in the early hyperglycaemia. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:273-280. [PMID: 28202395 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As a direct consequence of hyperglycaemia, the excessive generation of ROS is central to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We hypothesize that stimulation of high glucose (HG) results in an increased sulfiredoxin (Srx) expression, which regulates ROS signaling through reducing the hyperoxidized peroxiredoxins (Prxs). We show that hyperoxidized Prxs were initially reduced in the preliminary stage but then dramatically increased in advanced stage and these changes corresponded to a significant increase of Srx expression in the heart of diabetic rats. These time-dependent changes were also confirmed in neonatal cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells treated with HG. Moreover, the reduction rate of hyperoxidized Prxs was greatly improved in the HG 24h group, which had an elevated expression of Srx. Our data also show that HG-induced AP1 activation and Srx expression were almost abolished by JNK inhibitor and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). In addition, siRNA-Srx suppressed HG-induced ANP and β-MHC gene expression. These observations suggest that activation of AP1 induced by HG is important for the expression of Srx and the reduction of hyperoxidized Prxs in cardiomyocytes. This Srx induction maybe is the pivotal compensatory protection mechanism against oxidative stress in diabetes or hyperglycaemia. Most interestingly, hyperoxidized Prxs/Srx pathway may be involved in the cardiac hypertrophy signaling of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yunqiu Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yanping Lou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Quanfeng Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaona Cai
- Department of Blood transfusion, Jiamusi Central Hospital, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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30
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Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) constitute a major family of peroxidases, with mammalian cells expressing six Prx isoforms (PrxI to PrxVI). Cells produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at various intracellular locations where it can serve as a signaling molecule. Given that Prxs are abundant and possess a structure that renders the cysteine (Cys) residue at the active site highly sensitive to oxidation by H2O2, the signaling function of this oxidant requires extensive and highly localized regulation. Recent findings on the reversible regulation of PrxI through phosphorylation at the centrosome and on the hyperoxidation of the Cys at the active site of PrxIII in mitochondria are described in this review as examples of such local regulation of H2O2 signaling. Moreover, their high affinity for and sensitivity to oxidation by H2O2 confer on Prxs the ability to serve as sensors and transducers of H2O2 signaling through transfer of their oxidation state to bound effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Goo Rhee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea;
| | - In Sup Kil
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea;
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31
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Activation of the Nrf2-Keap 1 Pathway in Short-Term Iodide Excess in Thyroid in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4383652. [PMID: 28133506 PMCID: PMC5241484 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4383652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups of varying iodide intake: normal iodide; 10 times high iodide; and 100 times high iodide on Days 7, 14, and 28. Insignificant changes were observed in thyroid hormone levels (p > 0.05). Urinary iodine concentration and iodine content in the thyroid glands increased after high consumption of iodide from NI to 100 HI (p < 0.05). The urinary iodine concentration of the 100 HI group on Days 7, 14, and 28 was 60–80 times that of the NI group. The mitochondrial superoxide production and expressions of Nrf2, Srx, and Prx 3 all significantly increased, while Keap 1 significantly decreased in the 100 HI group when compared to the NI or 10 HI group on Days 7, 14, and 28 (p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining results showed that Nrf2 was localized in the cytoplasm in NI group. Although Nrf2 was detected in both cytoplasm and nucleus in 10 HI and 100 HI groups, a stronger positive staining was found in the nucleus. We conclude that the activation of the Nrf2-Keap 1 antioxidative defense mechanism may play a crucial role in protecting thyroid function from short-term iodide excess in rats.
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Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a large and conserved family of peroxidases that are considered to be the primary cellular guardians against oxidative stress in all living organisms. Prxs share a thioredoxin fold and contain a highly-reactive peroxidatic cysteine in a specialised active-site environment that is able to reduce their peroxide substrates. The minimal functional unit for Prxs are either monomers or dimers, but many dimers assemble into decameric rings. Ring structures can further form a variety of high molecular weight complexes. Many eukaryotic Prxs contain a conserved GGLG and C-terminal YF motif that confer sensitivity to elevated levels of peroxide, leading to hyperoxidation and inactivation. Inactive forms of Prxs can be re-reduced by the enzyme sulfiredoxin, in an ATP-dependent reaction. Cycles of hyperoxidation and reactivation are considered to play an integral role in a variety of H2O2-mediated cell signalling pathways in both stress and non-stress conditions. Prxs are also considered to exhibit chaperone-like properties when cells are under oxidative or thermal stress. The roles of various types of covalent modifications, e.g. acetylation and phosphorylation are also discussed. The ability of Prxs to assemble into ordered arrays such as nanotubes is currently being exploited in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Cao
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, Davidson Building, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - John Gordon Lindsay
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, Davidson Building, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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33
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Li H, Xu W, Ma Y, Zhou S. Separation and purification of the bovine milk fat globule membrane protein and its effect on improvement of C2C12mouse skeletal muscle cell proliferation. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00560a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel method to improve the proliferation activity of C2C12cells by the bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) protein was established in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Weili Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- School of Life Sciences
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology
- University of BedfordshireLuton
- UK
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34
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Kim J, Lee GR, Kim H, Jo YJ, Hong SE, Lee J, Lee HI, Jang YS, Oh SH, Lee HJ, Lee JS, Jeong W. Effective killing of cancer cells and regression of tumor growth by K27 targeting sulfiredoxin. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:384-392. [PMID: 27825965 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells have been suggested to be more susceptible to oxidative damages and highly dependent on antioxidant capacity in comparison with normal cells, and thus targeting antioxidant enzymes has been a strategy for effective cancer treatment. Sulfiredoxin (Srx) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of sulfinylated peroxiredoxins and thereby reactivates them. In this study we developed a Srx inhibitor, K27 (N-[7-chloro-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-quinazolinyl]-N-(2-phenylethyl)-β-alanine), and showed that it induces the accumulation of sulfinylated peroxiredoxins and oxidative stress, which leads to mitochondrial damage and apoptotic death of cancer cells. The effects of K27 were significantly reversed by ectopic expression of Srx or antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. In addition, K27 led to preferential death of tumorigenic cells over non-tumorigenic cells, and suppressed the growth of xenograft tumor without acute toxicity. Our results suggest that targeting Srx might be an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment through redox-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Gong-Rak Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Hojin Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - You-Jin Jo
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Hong
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Jiae Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Hye In Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Su Jang
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Oh
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Hwa Jeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Woojin Jeong
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea.
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Rhee SG, Kil IS. Mitochondrial H 2O 2 signaling is controlled by the concerted action of peroxiredoxin III and sulfiredoxin: Linking mitochondrial function to circadian rhythm. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:73-80. [PMID: 28236420 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during energy metabolism in most mammalian cells as well as during the oxidation of cholesterol associated with the synthesis of steroid hormones in steroidogenic cells. Some of the H2O2 produced in mitochondria is released into the cytosol, where it serves as a key regulator of various signaling pathways. Given that mitochondria are equipped with several H2O2-eliminating enzymes, however, it had not been clear how mitochondrial H2O2 can escape destruction by these enzymes for such release. Peroxiredoxin III (PrxIII) is the most abundant and efficient H2O2-eliminating enzyme in mitochondria of most cell types. We found that PrxIII undergoes reversible inactivation through hyperoxidation of its catalytic cysteine residue to cysteine sulfinic acid, and that release of mitochondrial H2O2 likely occurs as a result of such PrxIII inactivation. The hyperoxidized form of PrxIII (PrxIII-SO2H) is reduced and reactivated by sulfiredoxin (Srx). We also found that the amounts of PrxIII-SO2H and Srx undergo antiphasic circadian oscillation in mitochondria of the adrenal gland, heart, and brown adipose tissue of mice maintained under normal conditions. Cytosolic Srx was found to be imported into mitochondria via a mechanism that requires formation of a disulfide-linked complex with heat shock protein 90, which is likely promoted by H2O2 released from mitochondria. The imported Srx was found to be degraded by Lon protease in a manner dependent on PrxIII hyperoxidation state. The coordinated import and degradation of Srx underlie Srx oscillation and consequent PrxIII-SO2H oscillation in mitochondria. The rhythmic change in the amount of PrxIII-SO2H suggests that mitochondrial release of H2O2 is also likely a circadian event that conveys temporal information on steroidogenesis in the adrenal gland and on energy metabolism in heart and brown adipose tissue to cytosolic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Goo Rhee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Sup Kil
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
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Yin F, Sancheti H, Patil I, Cadenas E. Energy metabolism and inflammation in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:108-122. [PMID: 27154981 PMCID: PMC5094909 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The high energy demand of the brain renders it sensitive to changes in energy fuel supply and mitochondrial function. Deficits in glucose availability and mitochondrial function are well-known hallmarks of brain aging and are particularly accentuated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. As important cellular sources of H2O2, mitochondrial dysfunction is usually associated with altered redox status. Bioenergetic deficits and chronic oxidative stress are both major contributors to cognitive decline associated with brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroinflammatory changes, including microglial activation and production of inflammatory cytokines, are observed in neurodegenerative diseases and normal aging. The bioenergetic hypothesis advocates for sequential events from metabolic deficits to propagation of neuronal dysfunction, to aging, and to neurodegeneration, while the inflammatory hypothesis supports microglia activation as the driving force for neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, growing evidence suggests that these diverse mechanisms have redox dysregulation as a common denominator and connector. An independent view of the mechanisms underlying brain aging and neurodegeneration is being replaced by one that entails multiple mechanisms coordinating and interacting with each other. This review focuses on the alterations in energy metabolism and inflammatory responses and their connection via redox regulation in normal brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Interaction of these systems is reviewed based on basic research and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089 9121, USA.
| | - Harsh Sancheti
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089 9121, USA
| | - Ishan Patil
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089 9121, USA
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089 9121, USA
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Zhao LX, Du JR, Zhou HJ, Liu DL, Gu MX, Long FY. Differences in Proinflammatory Property of Six Subtypes of Peroxiredoxins and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ligustilide in Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164586. [PMID: 27716839 PMCID: PMC5055302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are proposed to function as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and contribute to post-ischemic neuroinflammation and brain injury by activating Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 at the acute and subacute phases after ischemic stroke. However, there are few studies concerning the inflammatory profiles of six distinct subtypes of Prxs (Prx1-Prx6). Our previous study demonstrated that the protective effect of ligustilide (LIG) against cerebral ischemia was associated with inhibition of neuroinflammatory response and Prx/TLR4 signaling in rats. Herein, the present study explored the inflammatory members of Prxs and the effect of LIG on their inflammatory responses in macrophages. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The murine RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with each of exogenous recombinant Prxs at a range of 1 to 50 nM for 24 h. The WST-1 test showed that Prx3 exhibited a significant cytotoxicity, whereas the rest five Prxs did not affect cellular viability. The quantitative measurements with spectrometry or ELISA indicated that three subtypes, Prx1, Prx2 and Prx4, increased production of proinflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a concentration-dependent manner. Immunostaining demonstrated that 20 nM Prx1, Prx2 or Prx4 significantly increased expression of TLR4 and iNOS and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. However, Prx5 and Prx6 showed no poinflammatory effect in macrophages. Remarkably, LIG treatment effectively inhibited the inflammatory response induced by Prx1, Prx2 and Prx4. CONCLUSION Three members of Prxs, Prx1, Prx2 and Prx4, are inflammatory DAMPs that induce TLR4 activation and inflammatory response in macrophages, which is effectively inhibited by LIG. These results suggest that inflammatory Prxs-activated macrophages may provide a novel cellular model for screening the potential inhibitors of DAMPs-associated inflammatory diseases such as stroke. Moreover, selective blocking strategies targeting the inflammatory subtypes of Prxs probably provide promising therapeutic approaches with a prolonged time window for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Rong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hong-Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong-Ling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Man-Xia Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang-Yi Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Rhee SG, Kil IS. Mitochondrial H 2O 2 signaling is controlled by the concerted action of peroxiredoxin III and sulfiredoxin: Linking mitochondrial function to circadian rhythm. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:120-127. [PMID: 27497909 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during energy metabolism in most mammalian cells as well as during the oxidation of cholesterol associated with the synthesis of steroid hormones in steroidogenic cells. Some of the H2O2 produced in mitochondria is released into the cytosol, where it serves as a key regulator of various signaling pathways. Given that mitochondria are equipped with several H2O2-eliminating enzymes, however, it had not been clear how mitochondrial H2O2 can escape destruction by these enzymes for such release. Peroxiredoxin III (PrxIII) is the most abundant and efficient H2O2-eliminating enzyme in mitochondria of most cell types. We found that PrxIII undergoes reversible inactivation through hyperoxidation of its catalytic cysteine residue to cysteine sulfinic acid, and that release of mitochondrial H2O2 likely occurs as a result of such PrxIII inactivation. The hyperoxidized form of PrxIII (PrxIII-SO2H) is reduced and reactivated by sulfiredoxin (Srx). We also found that the amounts of PrxIII-SO2H and Srx undergo antiphasic circadian oscillation in mitochondria of the adrenal gland, heart, and brown adipose tissue of mice maintained under normal conditions. Cytosolic Srx was found to be imported into mitochondria via a mechanism that requires formation of a disulfide-linked complex with heat shock protein 90, which is likely promoted by H2O2 released from mitochondria. The imported Srx was found to be degraded by Lon protease in a manner dependent on PrxIII hyperoxidation state. The coordinated import and degradation of Srx underlie Srx oscillation and consequent PrxIII-SO2H oscillation in mitochondria. The rhythmic change in the amount of PrxIII-SO2H suggests that mitochondrial release of H2O2 is also likely a circadian event that conveys temporal information on steroidogenesis in the adrenal gland and on energy metabolism in heart and brown adipose tissue to cytosolic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Goo Rhee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Sup Kil
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
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Kong BW, Lassiter K, Piekarski-Welsher A, Dridi S, Reverter-Gomez A, Hudson NJ, Bottje WG. Proteomics of Breast Muscle Tissue Associated with the Phenotypic Expression of Feed Efficiency within a Pedigree Male Broiler Line: I. Highlight on Mitochondria. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155679. [PMID: 27244447 PMCID: PMC4887024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As feed represents 60 to 70% of the cost of raising an animal to market weight, feed efficiency (the amount of dry weight intake to amount of wet weight gain) remains an important genetic trait in animal agriculture. To gain greater understanding of cellular mechanisms of feed efficiency (FE), shotgun proteomics was conducted using in-gel trypsin digestion and tandem mass spectrometry on breast muscle samples obtained from pedigree male (PedM) broilers exhibiting high feed efficiency (FE) or low FE phenotypes (n = 4 per group). The high FE group had greater body weight gain (P = 0.004) but consumed the same amount of feed (P = 0.30) from 6 to 7 wk resulting in higher FE (P < 0.001). Over 1800 proteins were identified, of which 152 were different (P < 0.05) by at least 1.3 fold and ≤ 15 fold between the high and low FE phenotypes. Data were analyzed for a modified differential expression (DE) metric (Phenotypic Impact Factors or PIF) and interpretation of protein expression data facilitated using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) program. In the entire data set, 228 mitochondrial proteins were identified whose collective expression indicates a higher mitochondrial expression in the high FE phenotype (binomial probability P < 0.00001). Within the top up and down 5% PIF molecules in the dataset, there were 15 mitoproteome proteins up-regulated and only 5 down-regulated in the high FE phenotype. Pathway enrichment analysis also identified mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation as the number 1 and 5 differentially expressed canonical pathways (up-regulated in high FE) in the proteomic dataset. Upstream analysis (based on DE of downstream molecules) predicted that insulin receptor, insulin like growth receptor 1, nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2, AMP activated protein kinase (α subunit), progesterone and triiodothyronine would be activated in the high FE phenotype whereas rapamycin independent companion of target of rapamycin, mitogen activated protein kinase 4, and serum response factor would be inhibited in the high FE phenotype. The results provide additional insight into the fundamental molecular landscape of feed efficiency in breast muscle of broilers as well as further support for a role of mitochondria in the phenotypic expression of FE. Funding provided by USDA-NIFA (#2013–01953), Arkansas Biosciences Institute (Little Rock, AR), McMaster Fellowship (AUS to WB) and the Agricultural Experiment Station (Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville).
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Whi Kong
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Kentu Lassiter
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Alissa Piekarski-Welsher
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Antonio Reverter-Gomez
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Nicholas James Hudson
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Walter Gay Bottje
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Park MH, Jo M, Kim YR, Lee CK, Hong JT. Roles of peroxiredoxins in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 163:1-23. [PMID: 27130805 PMCID: PMC7112520 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are antioxidant enzymes, known to catalyze peroxide reduction to balance cellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, which are essential for cell signaling and metabolism and act as a regulator of redox signaling. Redox signaling is a critical component of cell signaling pathways that are involved in the regulation of cell growth, metabolism, hormone signaling, immune regulation and variety of other physiological functions. Early studies demonstrated that PRDXs regulates cell growth, metabolism and immune regulation and therefore involved in the pathologic regulator or protectant of several cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory diseases. Oxidative stress and antioxidant systems are important regulators of redox signaling regulated diseases. In addition, thiol-based redox systems through peroxiredoxins have been demonstrated to regulate several redox-dependent process related diseases. In this review article, we will discuss recent findings regarding PRDXs in the development of diseases and further discuss therapeutic approaches targeting PRDXs. Moreover, we will suggest that PRDXs could be targets of several diseases and the therapeutic agents for targeting PRDXs may have potential beneficial effects for the treatment of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory diseases. Future research should open new avenues for the design of novel therapeutic approaches targeting PRDXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea, 361-951
| | - MiRan Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea, 361-951
| | - Yu Ri Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea, 361-951
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea, 361-951.
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Valek L, Kanngießer M, Häussler A, Agarwal N, Lillig CH, Tegeder I. Redoxins in peripheral neurons after sciatic nerve injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:581-92. [PMID: 26456799 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury causes redox stress in injured neurons by upregulations of pro-oxidative enzymes, but most neurons survive suggesting an activation of endogenous defense against the imbalance. As potential candidates we assessed thioredoxin-fold proteins, called redoxins, which maintain redox homeostasis by reduction of hydrogen peroxide or protein dithiol-disulfide exchange. Using a histologic approach, we show that the peroxiredoxins (Prdx1-6), the glutaredoxins (Glrx1, 2, 3 and 5), thioredoxin (Txn1 and 2) and their reductases (Txnrd1 and 2) are expressed in neurons, glial and/or vascular cells of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and in the spinal cord. They show distinct cellular and subcellular locations in agreement with the GO terms for "cellular component". The expression and localization of Glrx, Txn and Txnrd proteins was not affected by sciatic nerve injury but peroxiredoxins were upregulated in the DRGs, Prdx1 and Prdx6 mainly in non-neuronal cells and Prdx4 and Prdx5 in DRG neurons, the latter associated with an increase of respective mRNAs and protein accumulation in peripheral and/or central fibers. The upregulation of Prdx4 and Prdx5 in DRG neurons was reduced in mice with a cre-loxP mediated deficiency of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) in these neurons. The results identify Prdx4 and Prdx5 as endogenous HIF1α-dependent, transcriptionally regulated defenders of nerve injury evoked redox stress that may be important for neuronal survival and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Valek
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maike Kanngießer
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Annett Häussler
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nitin Agarwal
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Horst Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty of the Ernst-Moritz Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Liu Z, Sancheti H, Cadenas E, Yin F. Energy-Redox Axis in Mitochondria: Interconnection of Energy-Transducing Capacity and Redox Status. OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1201/b19420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kil IS, Ryu KW, Lee SK, Kim JY, Chu SY, Kim JH, Park S, Rhee SG. Circadian Oscillation of Sulfiredoxin in the Mitochondria. Mol Cell 2015; 59:651-63. [PMID: 26236015 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) released from mitochondria regulates various cell signaling pathways. Given that H2O2-eliminating enzymes such as peroxiredoxin III (PrxIII) are abundant in mitochondria, however, it has remained unknown how such release can occur. Active PrxIII-SH undergoes reversible inactivation via hyperoxidation to PrxIII-SO2, which is then reduced by sulfiredoxin. We now show that the amounts of PrxIII-SO2 and sulfiredoxin undergo antiphasic circadian oscillation in the mitochondria of specific tissues of mice maintained under normal conditions. Cytosolic sulfiredoxin was found to be imported into the mitochondria via a mechanism that requires formation of a disulfide-linked complex with heat shock protein 90, which is promoted by H2O2 released from mitochondria. The imported sulfiredoxin is degraded by Lon in a manner dependent on PrxIII hyperoxidation state. The coordinated import and degradation of sulfiredoxin provide the basis for sulfiredoxin oscillation and consequent PrxIII-SO2 oscillation in mitochondria and likely result in an oscillatory H2O2 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sup Kil
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
| | - Keun Woo Ryu
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Se Kyoung Lee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Kim
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Sei Yoon Chu
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Sunjoo Park
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Sue Goo Rhee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
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Mishra M, Jiang H, Wu L, Chawsheen HA, Wei Q. The sulfiredoxin-peroxiredoxin (Srx-Prx) axis in cell signal transduction and cancer development. Cancer Lett 2015; 366:150-9. [PMID: 26170166 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Redox signaling is a critical component of cell signaling pathways that are involved in the regulation of cell growth, metabolism, hormone signaling, immune regulation and variety of other physiological functions. Peroxiredoxin (Prx) is a family of thiol-based peroxidase that acts as a regulator of redox signaling. Members of Prx family can act as antioxidants and chaperones. Sulfiredoxin (Srx) is an antioxidant protein that exclusively reduces over-oxidized typical 2-Cys Prx. Srx has different affinities for individual Prx and it also catalyzes the deglutathionylation of variety of substrates. Individual component of the Srx-Prx system plays critical role in carcinogenesis by modulating cell signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, migration and metastasis. Expression levels of individual component of the Srx-Prx axis have been correlated with patient survival outcome in multiple cancer types. This review will summarize the molecular basis of differences in the affinity of Srx for individual Prx and the role of individual component of the Srx-Prx system in tumor progression and metastasis. This enhanced understanding of molecular aspects of Srx-Prx interaction and its role in cell signal transduction will help define the Srx-Prx system as a future therapeutic target in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murli Mishra
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lisha Wu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hedy A Chawsheen
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Qiou Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Abstract
The cysteine (Cys) proteome is a major component of the adaptive interface between the genome and the exposome. The thiol moiety of Cys undergoes a range of biologic modifications enabling biological switching of structure and reactivity. These biological modifications include sulfenylation and disulfide formation, formation of higher oxidation states, S-nitrosylation, persulfidation, metalation, and other modifications. Extensive knowledge about these systems and their compartmentalization now provides a foundation to develop advanced integrative models of Cys proteome regulation. In particular, detailed understanding of redox signaling pathways and sensing networks is becoming available to allow the discrimination of network structures. This research focuses attention on the need for atlases of Cys modifications to develop systems biology models. Such atlases will be especially useful for integrative studies linking the Cys proteome to imaging and other omics platforms, providing a basis for improved redox-based therapeutics. Thus, a framework is emerging to place the Cys proteome as a complement to the quantitative proteome in the omics continuum connecting the genome to the exposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Joshua D Chandler
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Yu S, Wu J, Chen Y, Zhao Y. Sulfiredoxin-1 exerts anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress-induced injury in rat cortical astrocytes following exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation and hydrogen peroxide. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:43-52. [PMID: 25955519 PMCID: PMC4494579 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfiredoxin 1 (Srxn1), an endogenous antioxidant protein, plays an important neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemia. However, the exact mechanisms of action of Srxn1 in cerebral ischemia have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, in the present study, rat primary cortical astrocytes transfected with a lentiviral vector encoding short hairpin RNA (shRNA) were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 4 h or to 100 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 6 h, in order to construct an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia-induced damage. We found that following exposure to OGD or H2O2, the knockdown of Srxn1 resulted in a decrease in cell viability, as shown by MTS assay, an increase in cell damage, as shown by lactate dehydrogenase assay and an increase in cellular apoptosis, as shown by Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry. Furthermore, we found that following exposure to OGD or H2O2, the knockdown of Srxn1 resulted in a decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm) as indicated by JC-1 staining, an increase in the cytoplasmic expression of cytochrome c (Cyt.C), caspase-3, caspase-9, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and Bax protein at the protein level, but a decrease in the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein; these effects were tightly associated with the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. However, we found that there was no obvious change in the intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) levels and caspase-12 expression following the knockdown of Srxn1. Taken together, the results from the present study demonstrate that Srxn1 protects primary rat cortical astrocytes from OGD- or H2O2-induced apoptosis and that involves the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, which suggests that Srxn1 may be a potential target in the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchuan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jingxian Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Cao Z, McGow DP, Shepherd C, Lindsay JG. Improved Catenated Structures of Bovine Peroxiredoxin III F190L Reveal Details of Ring-Ring Interactions and a Novel Conformational State. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123303. [PMID: 25906064 PMCID: PMC4407889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial 2-cys peroxiredoxin III (PrxIII) is a key player in antioxidant defence reducing locally-generated H2O2 to H2O. A Phe to Leu (F190L) mutation in the C-terminal α-helix of PrxIII, mimicking that found in some bacteria and parasites, increases its resistance to hyperoxidation but has no obvious influence on peroxidase activity. Here we report on the oxidized and reduced crystal structures of bovine PrxIII F190L at 2.4 Å and 2.2 Å, respectively. Both structures exist as two-ring catenanes with their dodecameric rings inclined at 55o to each other, similar to that previously reported for PrxIII C168S. The new higher-resolution structures reveal details of the complex network of H-bonds stabilising the inter-toroid contacts. In addition, Arg123, the key conserved residue, that normally interacts with the catalytic cys (Cp, cys 47) is found in a distinct conformation extending away from the Cp while the characteristic Arg-Glu-Arg network, underpinning the active-site geometry also displays a distinctive arrangement, not observed previously. This novel active-site organisation may provide new insights into the dynamics of the large-scale conformational changes occurring between oxidized and reduced states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Cao
- From the Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, CMVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Donna P. McGow
- From the Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, CMVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Shepherd
- From the Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, CMVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J. Gordon Lindsay
- From the Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, CMVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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The functional role of peroxiredoxin 3 in reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and chemoresistance of cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 141:2071-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-1916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Atmospheric pressure gas plasma-induced colorectal cancer cell death is mediated by Nox2–ASK1 apoptosis pathways and oxidative stress is mitigated by Srx–Nrf2 anti-oxidant system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2827-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Role of sulfiredoxin in systemic diseases influenced by oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2014; 2:1023-8. [PMID: 25460739 PMCID: PMC4215520 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfiredoxin is a recently discovered member of the oxidoreductases family which plays a crucial role in thiol homoeostasis when under oxidative stress. A myriad of systemic disorders have oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species as the key components in their etiopathogenesis. Recent studies have evaluated the role of this enzyme in oxidative stress mediated diseases such as atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a wide array of carcinomas. Its action is responsible for the normal functioning of cells under oxidative stress and the promotion of cell survival in cancerous cells. This review will highlight the cumulative effects of sulfiredoxin in various systemic disorders with a strong emphasis on its target activity and the factors influencing its expression in such conditions.
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