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Drzyzga Ł, Śpiewak D, Dorecka M, Wyględowska-Promieńska D. Available Therapeutic Options for Corneal Neovascularization: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5479. [PMID: 38791518 PMCID: PMC11121997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Corneal neovascularization can impair vision and result in a poor quality of life. The pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of angiogenic factors, notably vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This review provides a comprehensive overview of potential therapies for corneal neovascularization, covering tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) inhibitors, interleukin-1L receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms, galectin-3 inhibitors, retinal pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor inhibitors, and surgical treatments. Conventional treatments include anti-VEGF therapy and laser interventions, while emerging therapies such as immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporine and rapamycin) have been explored. Losartan and decorin are potential antifibrotic agents that mitigate TGF-β-induced fibrosis. Ocular nanosystems are innovative drug-delivery platforms that facilitate the targeted release of therapeutic agents. Gene therapies, such as small interfering RNA and antisense oligonucleotides, are promising approaches for selectively inhibiting angiogenesis-related gene expression. Aganirsen is efficacious in reducing the corneal neovascularization area without significant adverse effects. These multifaceted approaches underscore the corneal neovascularization management complexity and highlight ideas for enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, the importance of combination therapies and the need for further research to develop specific inhibitors while considering their therapeutic efficacy and potential adverse effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Drzyzga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prof. K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Clinical Ophthalmology Center Okolux, 40-754 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorota Śpiewak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prof. K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Clinical Ophthalmology Center Okolux, 40-754 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mariola Dorecka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prof. K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorota Wyględowska-Promieńska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prof. K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
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Wang X, Tazearslan C, Kim S, Guo Q, Contreras D, Yang J, Hudgins AD, Suh Y. In vitro heterochronic parabiosis identifies pigment epithelium-derived factor as a systemic mediator of rejuvenation by young blood. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.02.592258. [PMID: 38746475 PMCID: PMC11092633 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.592258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Several decades of heterochronic parabiosis (HCPB) studies have demonstrated the restorative impact of young blood, and deleterious influence of aged blood, on physiological function and homeostasis across tissues, although few of the factors responsible for these observations have been identified. Here we develop an in vitro HCPB system to identify these circulating factors, using replicative lifespan (RLS) of primary human fibroblasts as an endpoint of cellular health. We find that RLS is inversely correlated with serum donor age and sensitive to the presence or absence of specific serum components. Through in vitro HCPB, we identify the secreted protein pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) as a circulating factor that extends RLS of primary human fibroblasts and declines with age in mammals. Systemic administration of PEDF to aged mice reverses age-related functional decline and pathology across several tissues, improving cognitive function and reducing hepatic fibrosis and renal lipid accumulation. Together, our data supports PEDF as a systemic mediator of the effect of young blood on organismal health and homeostasis and establishes our in vitro HCPB system as a valuable screening platform for the identification of candidate circulating factors involved in aging and rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhe Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Cagdas Tazearslan
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Seungsoo Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Qinghua Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniela Contreras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jiping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Adam D. Hudgins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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Qarawani A, Naaman E, Ben-Zvi Elimelech R, Harel M, Itzkovich C, Safuri S, Dahan N, Henkin J, Zayit-Soudry S. PEDF-derived peptide protects against Amyloid-β toxicity in vitro and prevents retinal dysfunction in rats. Exp Eye Res 2024; 242:109861. [PMID: 38522635 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ), a family of aggregation-prone and neurotoxic peptides, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We have previously shown that oligomeric and fibrillar species of Aβ42 exerted retinal toxicity in rats, but while the consequences of exposure to amyloid were related to intracellular effects, the mechanism of Aβ42 internalization in the retina is not well characterized. In the brain, the 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR) participates in Aβ-related neuronal cell death. A short peptide derived from pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), formerly designated PEDF-335, was found to mitigate experimental models of ischemic retinopathy via targeting of 67LR. In the present study, we hypothesized that 67LR mediates the uptake of pathogenic Aβ42 assemblies in the retina, and that targeting of this receptor by PEDF-335 may limit the internalization of Aβ, thereby ameliorating its retinotoxicity. To test this assumption ARPE-19 cells in culture were incubated with PEDF-335 before treatment with fibrillar or oligomeric structures of Aβ42. Immunostaining confirmed that PEDF-335 treatment substantially prevented amyloid internalization into ARPE-19 cells and maintained their viability in the presence of toxic oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ42 entities in vitro. FRET competition assay was performed and confirmed the binding of PEDF-335 to 67LR in RPE-like cells. Wild-type rats were treated with intravitreal PEDF-335 in the experimental eye 2 days prior to administration of retinotoxic Aβ42 oligomers or fibrils to both eyes. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography through 6 weeks post injection. The ERG responses in rats treated with oligomeric or fibrillar Aβ42 assemblies were near-normal in eyes previously treated with intravitreal PEDF-335, whereas those measured in the control eyes treated with injection of the Aβ42 assemblies alone showed pathologic attenuation of the retinal function through 6 weeks. The retinal presence of 67LR was determined ex vivo by immunostaining and western blotting. Retinal staining demonstrated the constitutional expression of 67LR mainly in the retinal nuclear layers. In the presence of Aβ42, the levels of 67LR were increased, although its retinal distribution remained largely unaltered. In contrast, no apparent differences in the retinal expression level of 67LR were noted following exposure to PEDF-335 alone, and its pattern of localization in the retina remained similarly concentrated primarily in the inner and outer nuclear layers. In summary, we found that PEDF-335 confers protection against Aβ42-mediated retinal toxicity, with significant effects noted in cells as well as in vivo in rats. The effects of PEDF-335 in the retina are potentially mediated via binding to 67LR and by at least partial inhibition of Aβ42 internalization. These results suggest that PEDF-335 may merit further consideration in the development of targeted inhibition of amyloid-related toxicity in the retina. More broadly, our observations provide evidence on the importance of extracellular versus intracellular Aβ42 in the retina and suggest concepts on the molecular mechanism of Aβ retinal pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Qarawani
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Efrat Naaman
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rony Ben-Zvi Elimelech
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Harel
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Chen Itzkovich
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shadi Safuri
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nitsan Dahan
- Life Sciences and Engineering (LS&E) Infrastructure Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jack Henkin
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Shiri Zayit-Soudry
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
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Elmi M, Dass JH, Dass CR. The Various Roles of PEDF in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:510. [PMID: 38339261 PMCID: PMC10854708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a natural immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumour growth and anti-metastasis factor, which can enhance tumour response to PEDF but can also conversely have pro-cancerous effects. Inflammation is a major cause of cancer, and it has been proven that PEDF has anti-inflammatory properties. PEDF's functional activity can be investigated through measuring metastatic and metabolic biomarkers that will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Elmi
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (M.E.); (J.H.D.)
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Joshua H. Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (M.E.); (J.H.D.)
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Crispin R. Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (M.E.); (J.H.D.)
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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Guo N, Zhou H, Zhang Q, Fu Y, Jia Q, Gan X, Wang Y, He S, Li C, Tao Z, Liu J, Jia E. Exploration and bioinformatic prediction for profile of mRNA bound to circular RNA BTBD7_hsa_circ_0000563 in coronary artery disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:71. [PMID: 38267845 PMCID: PMC10809658 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a novel circRNA, BTBD7_hsa_circ_0000563 has not been fully investigated in coronary artery disease (CAD). Our aim is to reveal the possible functional role and regulatory pathway of BTBD7_hsa_circ_0000563 in CAD via exploring genes combined with BTBD7_hsa_circ_0000563. METHODS A total of 45 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples of CAD patients were enrolled. The ChIRP-RNAseq assay was performed to directly explore genes bound to BTBD7_hsa_circ_0000563. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were conducted to reveal possible functions of these genes. The interaction network was constructed by the STRING database and the Cytoscape software. The Cytoscape software were used again to identify clusters and hub genes of genes bound to BTBD7_hsa_circ_0000563. The target miRNAs of hub genes were predicted via online databases. RESULTS In this study, a total of 221 mRNAs directly bound to BTBD7_hsa_circ_0000563 were identified in PBMCs of CAD patients via ChIRP-RNAseq. The functional enrichment analysis revealed that these mRNAs may participate in translation and necroptosis. Moreover, the interaction network showed that there may be a close relationship between these mRNAs. Eight clusters can be further subdivided from the interaction network. RPS3 and RPSA were identified as hub genes and hsa-miR-493-5p was predicted to be the target miRNA of RPS3. CONCLUSIONS BTBD7_hsa_circ_0000563 and mRNAs directly bound to it may influence the initiation and progression of CAD, among which RPS3 and RPSA may be hub genes. These findings may provide innovative ideas for further research on CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Guo
- Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Suzhou, 215101, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hanxiao Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yahong Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiaowei Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiongkang Gan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengxian Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jurong City People's Hospital, Ersheng Road 66, Jurong, 212400, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Enzhi Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Sun Z, Li X, Li G, Xu Y, Meng J, Meng W, He S. Potential application value of pigment epithelium-derived factor in sensorineural hearing loss. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1302124. [PMID: 38164244 PMCID: PMC10757943 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1302124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The inner ear is a complex and precise auditory perception system responsible for receiving and converting sound signals into neural signals, enabling us to perceive and understand sound. However, the occurrence and development of inner ear diseases and auditory disorders, such as sensorineural hearing loss, remain a global problem. In recent years, there has been increasing research on the treatment of inner ear diseases and auditory regeneration. Among these treatments, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), as a multifunctional secretory protein, exhibits diverse biological activities and functions through various mechanisms, and has shown potential applications in the inner ear. This minireview comprehensively evaluates the performance of PEDF in sensorineural hearing loss in inner ear and its potential targets and therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Tongren ENT Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Tongren ENT Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Tongren ENT Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Tongren ENT Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Tongren ENT Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuangba He
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Tongren ENT Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Abooshahab R, Hooshmand K, Salami HA, Dass CR. The Impact of Pigment-Epithelium-Derived Factor on MCF-7 Cell Metabolism in the Context of Glycaemic Condition. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2140. [PMID: 37631354 PMCID: PMC10459545 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that pigment-epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a robust inhibitor of tumour growth and development, implying that this may serve as a promising target for therapeutic intervention. However, the precise impact of PEDF on cancerous cell metabolic pathways remains uncertain despite ongoing research. In this light, this study aimed to employ a metabolomics approach for understanding the metabolic reprogramming events in breast cancer across different glycaemic loads and their response to PEDF. Gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/Q-MS) analysis revealed metabolic alterations in ER+ human cell line MCF-7 cells treated with PEDF under varying glycaemic conditions. The identification of significantly altered metabolites was accomplished through MetaboAnalyst (v.5.0) and R packages, which enabled both multivariate and univariate analyses. Out of the 48 metabolites identified, 14 were chosen based on their significant alterations in MCF-7 cells under different glycaemic conditions and PEDF treatment (p < 0.05, VIP > 0.8). Dysregulation in pathways associated with amino acid metabolism, intermediates of the TCA cycle, nucleotide metabolism, and lipid metabolism were detected, and they exhibited different responses to PEDF. Our results suggest that PEDF has a diverse influence on the metabolism of MCF-7 cells in both normo- and hyperglycaemic environments, thereby warranting studies using patient samples to correlate our findings with clinical response in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Abooshahab
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (R.A.); (H.-A.S.)
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Kourosh Hooshmand
- System Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Hani-Al Salami
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (R.A.); (H.-A.S.)
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Crispin R. Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (R.A.); (H.-A.S.)
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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Qiu F, Jiang B, Lin Y, Li H, Li D, Luo M, Hui H, Miao H, Zhang Y. Dual Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor and Hepatocyte Growth Factor Overexpression: A New Therapy for Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:87-98. [PMID: 37094101 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0459oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease characterized by advanced pulmonary vasculature remodeling that is thought to be curable only through lung transplantation. The application of angiogenic hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is reported to be protective in PH through its anti-vascular remodeling effect, but excessive HGF-mediated immature neovascularization is not conducive to the restoration of pulmonary perfusion because of apparent vascular leakage. As a canonical antiangiogenic molecule, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) inhibits angiogenesis and reduces vascular permeability in a variety of diseases. However, the effect of PEDF on HGF-based PH treatment remains to be determined. In this study, monocrotaline-induced PH rats and endothelial cells isolated from rat and human PH lung tissues were used. We assessed PH progression, right cardiac function, and pulmonary perfusion in HGF- and/or PEDF-treated rats with PH. Additionally, the receptor and mechanism responsible for the role of PEDF in HGF-based PH therapy were investigated. In this study, we found that HGF and PEDF jointly prevent PH development and improve right cardiac function in rats with PH. Moreover, PEDF delivery increases the pulmonary perfusion in PH lungs and inhibits immature angiogenesis and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin junction disintegration induced by HGF without affecting the therapeutic inhibition of pulmonary vascular remodeling by HGF. Mechanistically, PEDF targets VE growth factor receptor 2 and suppresses its phosphorylation at Y951 and Y1175 but not Y1214. Finally, VE growth factor receptor 2/VE protein tyrosine phosphatase/VE-cadherin complex formation and Akt and Erk1/2 inactivation were observed in rat and human PH lung endothelial cells. Collectively, our data indicate that PEDF additively enhances the efficacy of HGF against PH, which may provide new insights into treatment strategies for clinical PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Yangui Lin
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Huaming Li
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Dan Li
- Community Health Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | | | - Haoran Miao
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Yiqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
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Jones IC, Dass CR. Roles of pigment epithelium-derived factor in cardiomyocytes: implications for use as a cardioprotective therapeutic. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023:7146108. [PMID: 37104852 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, with patients having limited options for treatment. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous multifunctional protein with several mechanisms of action. Recently, PEDF has emerged as a potential cardioprotective agent in response to myocardial infarction. However, PEDF is also associated with pro-apoptotic effects, complicating its role in cardioprotection. This review summarises and compares knowledge of PEDF's activity in cardiomyocytes with other cell types and draws links between them. Following this, the review offers a novel perspective of PEDF's therapeutic potential and recommends future directions to understand the clinical potential of PEDF better. KEY FINDINGS PEDF's mechanisms as a pro-apoptotic and pro-survival protein are not well understood, despite PEDF's implication in several physiological and pathological activities. However, recent evidence suggests that PEDF may have significant cardioprotective properties mediated by key regulators dependent on cell type and context. CONCLUSIONS While PEDF's cardioprotective activity shares some key regulators with its apoptotic activity, cellular context and molecular features likely allow manipulation of PEDF's cellular activity, highlighting the importance of further investigation into its activities and its potential to be applied as a therapeutic to mitigate damage from a range of cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel C Jones
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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10
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Li H, Ma Q, Ren J, Guo W, Feng K, Li Z, Huang T, Cai YD. Immune responses of different COVID-19 vaccination strategies by analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing data from multiple tissues using machine learning methods. Front Genet 2023; 14:1157305. [PMID: 37007947 PMCID: PMC10065150 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1157305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple types of COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to be highly effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and in reducing post-infection symptoms. Almost all of these vaccines induce systemic immune responses, but differences in immune responses induced by different vaccination regimens are evident. This study aimed to reveal the differences in immune gene expression levels of different target cells under different vaccine strategies after SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters. A machine learning based process was designed to analyze single-cell transcriptomic data of different cell types from the blood, lung, and nasal mucosa of hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2, including B and T cells from the blood and nasal cavity, macrophages from the lung and nasal cavity, alveolar epithelial and lung endothelial cells. The cohort was divided into five groups: non-vaccinated (control), 2*adenovirus (two doses of adenovirus vaccine), 2*attenuated (two doses of attenuated virus vaccine), 2*mRNA (two doses of mRNA vaccine), and mRNA/attenuated (primed by mRNA vaccine, boosted by attenuated vaccine). All genes were ranked using five signature ranking methods (LASSO, LightGBM, Monte Carlo feature selection, mRMR, and permutation feature importance). Some key genes that contributed to the analysis of immune changes, such as RPS23, DDX5, PFN1 in immune cells, and IRF9 and MX1 in tissue cells, were screened. Afterward, the five feature sorting lists were fed into the feature incremental selection framework, which contained two classification algorithms (decision tree [DT] and random forest [RF]), to construct optimal classifiers and generate quantitative rules. Results showed that random forest classifiers could provide relative higher performance than decision tree classifiers, whereas the DT classifiers provided quantitative rules that indicated special gene expression levels under different vaccine strategies. These findings may help us to develop better protective vaccination programs and new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qinglan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxin Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhandong Li
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Xu M, Chen X, Yu Z, Li X. Receptors that bind to PEDF and their therapeutic roles in retinal diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1116136. [PMID: 37139333 PMCID: PMC10149954 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1116136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal neovascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory diseases represented by diabetic retinopathy are the main types of blinding eye disorders that continually cause the increased burden worldwide. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous factor with multiple effects including neurotrophic activity, anti-angiogenesis, anti-tumorigenesis, and anti-inflammatory activity. PEDF activity depends on the interaction with the proteins on the cell surface. At present, seven independent receptors, including adipose triglyceride lipase, laminin receptor, lipoprotein receptor-related protein, plexin domain-containing 1, plexin domain-containing 2, F1-ATP synthase, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, have been demonstrated and confirmed to be high affinity receptors for PEDF. Understanding the interactions between PEDF and PEDF receptors, their roles in normal cellular metabolism and the response the initiate in disease will be accommodating for elucidating the ways in which inflammation, angiogenesis, and neurodegeneration exacerbate disease pathology. In this review, we firstly introduce PEDF receptors comprehensively, focusing particularly on their expression pattern, ligands, related diseases, and signal transduction pathways, respectively. We also discuss the interactive ways of PEDF and receptors to expand the prospective understanding of PEDF receptors in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases.
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12
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Ho TC, Fan NW, Yeh SI, Chen SL, Tsao YP. The Therapeutic Effects of a PEDF-Derived Short Peptide on Murine Experimental Dry Eye Involves Suppression of MMP-9 and Inflammation. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:12. [PMID: 36201200 PMCID: PMC9554226 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.10.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of a pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF)-derived short peptide 29-mer, on the treatment and prevention of experimental dry eye (EDE). Methods C57BL/6 mice were housed in a low humidity controlled environment chamber for 14 days to induce EDE. The 29-mer was administered topically to their eyes, for treatment or dosing, from the point of housing in the controlled environment chamber. The efficacy of the 29-mer on EDE was evaluated in terms of corneal epithelial integrity, tear secretion, and the density of conjunctival goblet cells. PEDF and inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and macrophage infiltration, were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunostaining. The involvement of the PEDF receptor/PNPLA2 on the 29-mer effects was evaluated by a specific inhibitor, atglistatin. Rabbit corneal epithelial cells were exposed to hyperosmotic medium to induce inflammatory responses. Results The levels of PEDF protein increased in the corneal epithelium of EDE, compared with the nonstressed mice. The 29-mer showed a therapeutic effect on EDE and prevented the development of EDE, accompanied by amelioration of the inflammatory factors. The 29-mer effects of inflammatory relief were dramatically reversed by atglistatin. The 29-mer also suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and proinflammatory cytokines in rabbit corneal epithelial cells induced by hyperosmolarity. Conclusions Through this animal study, we provide a proof of concept of the anti-inflammatory domain of PEDF having potential to treat dry eye disease. Translational Relevance This study shows the 29-mer has novel potential as an ophthalmic drop treatment for dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chuan Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shu-I Yeh
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Show-Li Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Ping Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Ma R, Chu X, Jiang Y, Xu Q. Pigment epithelium-derived factor, an anti-VEGF factor, delays ovarian cancer progression by alleviating polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1332-1341. [PMID: 35246611 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most dangerous gynecological malignancies with no effective treatment so far. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) has been reported to have ideal anti-tumor effects, but its relationship with the regulation of tumor-associated macrophage polarization is currently unclear. In this study, the mRNA expression of PEDF and macrophage markers were determined in OC tissues from clinic patients and five OC (A2780, SKOV3, CAOV3, OVCAR3, and OVCA433) cell lines through quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Afterwards, tumor growth, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and macrophage polarization in OC tumor-bearing mice with PEDF overexpression were recorded and investigated. Finally, the polarization of macrophages was explored in the presence of lentiviral PEDF overexpression, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and laminin receptor (LR) knockdown, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibition. Our results suggest that PEDF mRNA level is significantly decreased in OC tissues and cells and has a significant negative correlation with OC progression and the level of tumor-related macrophage markers. Furthermore, OC tumors overexpressing PEDF show suppressed growth viability and increased apoptosis rate. The fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis reveals that PEDF can promote macrophage polarization in OC tumors towards M1 subtype. Mechanistically, we found that ATGL and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling are involved in the regulation of macrophage polarization in OC tumors by PEDF. Taken together, these data indicate that the role of PEDF in regulating the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages may make it a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiaolin Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yiting Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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14
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Shahbazi B, Arab SS, Mafakher L, Azadmansh K, Teimoori-Toolabi L. Computational assessment of pigment epithelium-derived factor as an anti-cancer protein during its interaction with the receptors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35510592 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2069863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) with antiangiogenic, anti-tumorigenic, antioxidant, anti-atherosclerosis, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. The PEDF can bind to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), laminin (LR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and ATP synthase β-subunit receptors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the structural basis of the interaction between PEDF and its receptors using bioinformatics approaches to identify the critical amino acids for designing anticancer peptides. The human ATP synthase β-subunit was predicted by homology modeling. The molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and Molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) were used to study this protein-receptor complex. The molecular docking showed PEDF could bind to the Laminin and VEGFR2 much stronger than ATP synthase β-subunit, VEGFR1, and LRP6. The PEDF could effectively interact with various receptors during the simulation. The N-terminal of PEDF has an important role in the interaction with the receptors. The MM/PBSA showed the electrostatic (ΔEElec) and van der Waals interactions (ΔEVdW) contributed positively to the binding process of the complexes. The critical amino acids in the binding interaction of PEDF to its receptors in the MD simulation were determined. The interaction mode of 34-mer PEDF to laminin, VEGFR2, and LRP6 were different from VEGFR1, ATP synthase β-subunit. The 34-mer PEDF has an important role in the interaction with different receptors and these critical amino acids can be used for designing peptides for future therapeutic aims.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Shahbazi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahriar Arab
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Mafakher
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Ho TC, Yeh SI, Chen SL, Chu TW, Tsao YP. A short peptide derived from pigment epithelial-derived factor exhibits an angioinhibitory effect. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:88. [PMID: 35193548 PMCID: PMC8864869 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF), a 50 kDa secreted glycoprotein, exhibits distinct effects on a range of cell types. PEDF has been shown to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis and widely accepted as a promising agent for treatment eye diseases related to neovascularization. A pool of short peptide fragments derived from PEDF reportedly manifests angioinhibitory activity. This study aims to determine the minimal PEDF fragment which can exert the anti-VEGF effect. Methods A series of shorter synthetic peptides, derived from the 34-mer (PEDF amino acid positions Asp44-Asn77), were synthesized. An MTT assay was used to evaluate the ability of the 34-mer-derived peptides to inhibit VEGF-induced proliferation of multiple myeloma RPMI8226 cells. Cell apoptosis was monitored by annexin V-FITC staining. Western blot analysis was used to detect phosphorylated kinases, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins, including p53, bax and caspase-3. VEGF-mediated angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), rat aortic ring and mouse cornea were used to detect the angioinhibitory activity of the PEDF-derived peptides. Results The MTT assay showed that the anti-VEGF effect of a 7-mer (Asp64-Ser70) was 1.5-fold greater than the 34-mer. In addition, massive apoptosis (37%) was induced by 7-mer treatment. The 7-mer induced JNK phosphorylation in RPMI8226 cells. Cell apoptosis and apoptosis-associated proteins induced by the 7-mer were blocked by pharmacological inhibition of JNK, but not p38 MAPK. Moreover, the 7-mer prevented VEGF-mediated angiogenesis of endothelial cells (ECs), including tube formation, aortic EC spreading and corneal neovascularization in mice. Conclusions This is the first study to show that the PEDF 7-mer peptide manifests anti-VEGF activity, further establishing its potential as an anti-angiogenic agent. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-022-02295-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chuan Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 45, Minsheng Rd., Tamsui District, New Taipei City, 25160, Taiwan
| | - Shu-I Yeh
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Show-Li Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 7F, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Ping Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 45, Minsheng Rd., Tamsui District, New Taipei City, 25160, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan.
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16
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Häussler S, Sadri H, Ghaffari MH, Sauerwein H. Symposium review: Adipose tissue endocrinology in the periparturient period of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3648-3669. [PMID: 35181138 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of adipose tissue (AT) in metabolism is not limited to energy storage but turned out to be much more complex. We now know that in addition to lipid metabolism, AT is important in glucose homeostasis and AA metabolism and also has a role in inflammatory processes. With the discovery of leptin in 1994, the concept of AT being able to secrete messenger molecules collectively termed as adipokines, and acting in an endo-, para-, and autocrine manner emerged. Moreover, based on its asset of receptors, many stimuli from other tissues reaching AT via the bloodstream can also elicit distinct responses and thus integrate AT as a control element in the regulatory circuits of the whole body's functions. The protein secretome of human differentiated adipocytes was described to comprise more than 400 different proteins. However, in dairy cows, the characterization of the physiological time course of adipokines in AT during the transition from pregnancy to lactation is largely limited to the mRNA level; for the protein level, the analytical methods are limited and available assays often lack sound validation. In addition to proteinaceous adipokines, small compounds such as steroids can also be secreted from AT. Due to the lipophilic nature of steroids, they are stored in AT, but during the past years, AT became also known as being able to metabolize and even to generate steroid hormones de novo. In high-yielding dairy cows, AT is substantially mobilized due to increased energy requirements related to lactation. As to whether the steroidogenic system in AT is affected and may change during the common loss of body fat is largely unknown. Moreover, most research about AT in transition dairy cows is based on subcutaneous AT, whereas other depots have scarcely been investigated. This contribution aims to review the changes in adipokine mRNA and-where available-protein expression with time relative to calving in high-yielding dairy cows at different conditions, including parity, body condition, diet, specific feed supplements, and health disorders. In addition, the review provides insights into steroidogenic pathways in dairy cows AT, and addresses differences between fat depots where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Häussler
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Hassan Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 516616471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Helga Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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17
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Kuriyama S, Tanaka G, Takagane K, Itoh G, Tanaka M. Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor Is Involved in the Late Phase of Osteosarcoma Metastasis by Increasing Extravasation and Cell-Cell Adhesion. Front Oncol 2022; 12:818182. [PMID: 35174090 PMCID: PMC8842676 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.818182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ tropism of metastatic cells is not well understood. To determine the key factors involved in the selection of a specific organ upon metastasis, we established metastatic cell lines and analyzed their homing to specific tissues. Toward this, 143B osteosarcoma cells were injected intracardially until the kidney-metastasizing sub-cell line Bkid was established, which significantly differed from the parental 143B cells. The candidate genes responsible for kidney metastasis were validated, and SerpinF1/Pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) was identified as the primary target. Bkid cells with PEDF knockdown injected intracardially did not metastasize to the kidneys. In contrast, PEDF overexpressing 143B cells injected into femur metastasized to the lungs and kidneys. PEDF triggered mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in vitro as well as in vivo. Based on these results, we hypothesized that the MET might be a potential barrier to extravasation. PEDF overexpression in various osteosarcoma cell lines increased their extravasation to the kidneys and lungs. Moreover, when cultured close to the renal endothelial cell line TKD2, Bkid cells disturbed the TKD2 layer and hindered wound healing via the PEDF-laminin receptor (lamR) axis. Furthermore, novel interactions were observed among PEDF, lamR, lysyl oxidase-like 1 (Loxl1), and SNAI3 (Snail-like transcription factor) during endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). Collectively, our results show that PEDF induces cancer cell extravasation by increasing the permeability of kidney and lung vasculature acting via lamR and its downstream genes. We also speculate that PEDF promotes extravasation via inhibiting EndoMT, and this warrants investigation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Kuriyama
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita City, Japan
| | - Gentaro Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita City, Japan.,Department of Lifescience, Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University, Akita City, Japan
| | - Kurara Takagane
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita City, Japan
| | - Go Itoh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita City, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita City, Japan
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18
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Zhao F, Fei W, Li Z, Yu H, Xi L. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor-Loaded PEGylated Nanoparticles as a New Antiangiogenic Therapy for Neovascularization. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:1193760. [PMID: 35493608 PMCID: PMC9054434 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1193760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological neovascularization, which involves a disruption in the balance between angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors under pathological conditions, is the basis of many intraocular diseases. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a potent natural, endogenous inhibitor of neovascularization because of its antiangiogenic and neuroprotective benefits. However, its application is restricted by its instability and short half-life. The present study is aimed at investigating the cytotoxicity and antiangiogenic effects of PEDF-loaded PEGylated nanoparticles (NP-PEG-PEDF) on high glucose-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS In this study, NP-PEG-PEDF were fabricated using the multiple emulsion method for the first time. HUVECs were cultured in a high concentration of glucose (30 mmol/L D-glucose), simulating diabetic conditions. The antiangiogenic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pure PEDF, and NP-PEG-PEDF on proliferation, migration, and tube formation were evaluated. VEGF secretion in high glucose-stimulated HUVECs was further tested in vitro. RESULTS NP-PEG-PEDF exhibited low cytotoxicity in HUVECs. Our results indicated that in vitro, NP-PEG-PEDF attenuated diabetes-induced HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation and suppressed VEGF secretion. The apoptosis of diabetes-induced HUVECs occurred in a dose-dependent manner, which showed a statistically significant difference compared with the PEDF treatment group. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to demonstrate that NP-PEG-PEDF exert antiangiogenic effects on high glucose-stimulated HUVECs and have the potential to alleviate microvascular dysfunction. These data suggest that the NP-PEG-PEDF delivery system may offer an innovative therapeutic strategy for preventing neovascularization of the fundus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenlei Fei
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhouyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Xi
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Liu X, Bennison SA, Robinson L, Toyo-oka K. Responsible Genes for Neuronal Migration in the Chromosome 17p13.3: Beyond Pafah1b1(Lis1), Crk and Ywhae(14-3-3ε). Brain Sci 2021; 12:brainsci12010056. [PMID: 35053800 PMCID: PMC8774252 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The 17p13.3 chromosome region is often deleted or duplicated in humans, resulting in severe neurodevelopmental disorders such as Miller–Dieker syndrome (MDS) and 17p13.3 duplication syndrome. Lissencephaly can also be caused by gene mutations or deletions of a small piece of the 17p13.3 region, including a single gene or a few genes. PAFAH1B1 gene, coding for LIS1 protein, is a responsible gene for lissencephaly and MDS and regulates neuronal migration by controlling microtubules (MTs) and cargo transport along MTs via dynein. CRK is a downstream regulator of the reelin signaling pathways and regulates neuronal migration. YWHAE, coding for 14-3-3ε, is also responsible for MDS and regulates neuronal migration by binding to LIS1-interacting protein, NDEL1. Although these three proteins are known to be responsible for neuronal migration defects in MDS, there are 23 other genes in the MDS critical region on chromosome 17p13.3, and little is known about their functions in neurodevelopment, especially in neuronal migration. This review will summarize the recent progress on the functions of LIS1, CRK, and 14-3-3ε and describe the recent findings of other molecules in the MDS critical regions in neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA;
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (S.A.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Sarah A. Bennison
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (S.A.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Lozen Robinson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (S.A.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (S.A.B.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(215)-991-8288
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20
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OM-MSCs Alleviate the Golgi Apparatus Stress Response following Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via the PEDF-PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4805040. [PMID: 34815829 PMCID: PMC8606042 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4805040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of Golgi apparatus (GA) stress responses mediated by GOLPH3 has been widely studied in ischemic stroke, and the neuroprotection effect of olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs) against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) has been preliminarily presented. However, the exact role of OM-MSCs in the GA stress response following cerebral IRI remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we used an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model and reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to simulate cerebral IRI in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that the level of GOLPH3 protein, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Ca2+ was upregulated, SPCA1 level was downregulated, and GA fragmentation was increased in ischemic stroke models, and OM-MSC treatment clearly ameliorated these GA stress responses in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, the knockdown of PEDF in OM-MSCs using PEDF-specific siRNA further demonstrated that secretion of PEDF in OM-MSCs protected OGD/R-treated N2a cells and MCAO rats from GA stress response. Additionally, rescue experiment using specific pathway inhibitors suggested that OM-MSCs could promote the phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, thereby mitigating OGD/R-induced GA stress response and excessive autophagy. In conclusion, OM-MSCs minimized the GA stress response following cerebral IRI, at least partially, through the PEDF-PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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21
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Abooshahab R, Al-Salami H, Dass CR. The increasing role of pigment epithelium-derived factor in metastasis: from biological importance to a promising target. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114787. [PMID: 34571004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a non-inhibitory member of the serpin (serine protease inhibitor) family and is a well-known potent anti-tumor factor in a variety of cancers. It has been ascertained that PEDF regulates multiple metastatic processes through various plausible mechanisms, including inhibiting angiogenesis, inducing apoptosis, stimulating extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and suppressing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Although PEDF has been recognized as an anti-metastatic marker in most studies, its role remains controversial with conflicting reports of PEDF as a metastatic marker. The emerging insights into the mechanism(s) of PEDF in tumor progression and its therapeutic effects are discussed systematically in this review, aiming to improve our understanding in the context of metastasis and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Abooshahab
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia.
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22
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Ko VH, Yu LJ, Secor JD, Pan A, Mitchell PD, Kishikawa H, Puder M. Deficiency in pigment epithelium-derived factor accelerates pulmonary growth and development in a compensatory lung growth model. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21850. [PMID: 34569654 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002661rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Children with hypoplastic lung disease associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) continue to suffer significant morbidity and mortality secondary to progressive pulmonary disease. Recently published work from our lab demonstrated the potential of Roxadustat (FG-4592), a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, as a treatment for CDH-associated pulmonary hypoplasia. Treatment with Roxadustat led to significantly accelerated compensatory lung growth (CLG) through downregulation of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), an anti-angiogenic factor, rather than upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). PEDF and its role in pulmonary development is a largely unexplored field. In this study, we sought to further evaluate the role of PEDF in accelerating CLG. PEDF-deficient mice demonstrated significantly increased lung volume, total lung capacity, and alveolarization compared to wild type controls following left pneumonectomy without increased VEGF expression. Furthermore, Roxadustat administration in PEDF-deficient mice did not further accelerate CLG. Human microvascular endothelial lung cells (HMVEC-L) and human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEC) similarly demonstrated decreased PEDF expression with Roxadustat administration. Additionally, downregulation of PEDF in Roxadustat-treated HMVEC-L and HPAEC, a previously unreported finding, speaks to the potential translatability of Roxadustat from small animal studies. Taken together, these findings further suggest that PEDF downregulation is the primary mechanism by which Roxadustat accelerates CLG. More importantly, these data highlight the critical role PEDF may have in pulmonary growth and development, a previously unexplored field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria H Ko
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lumeng J Yu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jordan D Secor
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Pan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul D Mitchell
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiroko Kishikawa
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Shi W, Li J, Zhou J, Li Y, Lin H, Qian H, Fan W. Exploration of novel anti-angiogenic PEDF-derived peptides with improved activitives by inhibiting proliferation, suppressing migration, and inducing 67LR internalization. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105323. [PMID: 34482170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains high incidence and accounts for severe impact on vision in diabetics, but its mechanism is still poorly understood. Abnormal migration and proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) drive neovascular retinopathies, which has an important role in promoting the occurrence and development of DR. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of PEDF-derived peptides as angiogenesis inhibitors. Especially, compound G24 significantly inhibited the cell proliferation in VEGF-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with IC50 values of 2.88 ± 0.19 μM. Further biological evaluation demonstrated that compound G24 exhibited strong inducing-effects on cell apoptosis and internalization of 67LR, and advanced inhibitory potency in cell migration and angiogenesis formed by HUVECs in vitro. In summary, the optimal compound G24 as a novel angiogenesis inhibitor showed the potentiality in the further research for the treatment for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jiuhui Li
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Wen Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
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24
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Blazejewski SM, Bennison SA, Ha NT, Liu X, Smith TH, Dougherty KJ, Toyo-Oka K. Rpsa Signaling Regulates Cortical Neuronal Morphogenesis via Its Ligand, PEDF, and Plasma Membrane Interaction Partner, Itga6. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:770-795. [PMID: 34347028 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromorphological defects underlie neurodevelopmental disorders and functional defects. We identified a function for Rpsa in regulating neuromorphogenesis using in utero electroporation to knockdown Rpsa, resulting in apical dendrite misorientation, fewer/shorter extensions, and decreased spine density with altered spine morphology in upper neuronal layers and decreased arborization in upper/lower cortical layers. Rpsa knockdown disrupts multiple aspects of cortical development, including radial glial cell fiber morphology and neuronal layering. We investigated Rpsa's ligand, PEDF, and interacting partner on the plasma membrane, Itga6. Rpsa, PEDF, and Itga6 knockdown cause similar phenotypes, with Rpsa and Itga6 overexpression rescuing morphological defects in PEDF-deficient neurons in vivo. Additionally, Itga6 overexpression increases and stabilizes Rpsa expression on the plasma membrane. GCaMP6s was used to functionally analyze Rpsa knockdown via ex vivo calcium imaging. Rpsa-deficient neurons showed less fluctuation in fluorescence intensity, suggesting defective subthreshold calcium signaling. The Serpinf1 gene coding for PEDF is localized at chromosome 17p13.3, which is deleted in patients with the neurodevelopmental disorder Miller-Dieker syndrome. Our study identifies a role for Rpsa in early cortical development and for PEDF-Rpsa-Itga6 signaling in neuromorphogenesis, thus implicating these molecules in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders like Miller-Dieker syndrome and identifying them as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Blazejewski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Sarah A Bennison
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Ngoc T Ha
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Trevor H Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Kimberly J Dougherty
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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25
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Nemerovsky L, Bar-Joseph H, Eldar-Boock A, Miller I, Ben-Ami I, Shalgi R. Pigment epithelium-derived factor negates oxidative stress in mouse oocytes. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21637. [PMID: 33948995 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002443rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular changes, caused by various environmental factors, affect the quality and developmental potential of oocytes. Oxidative stress (OS) is a major factor involved in various gynecologic disorders and/or in aging. Recent studies suggest that elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) hamper oocyte quality and future embryonic development. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a pleiotropic protein, known for its antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties. Our previous findings demonstrate the antioxidative role of rPEDF in maintaining granulosa cell viability. In the current study, we examined the ability of PEDF to negate the adverse impact of OS on oocytes. Maturation rate of oocytes exposed to OS was significantly lower than that of control oocytes. The number of mtDNA copies in OS-exposed oocytes was significantly higher than in control oocytes (>3 times), whereas ATP concentration was significantly lower. Oocytes exposed to OS demonstrated impaired chromosome arrangement at the metaphase plate. PEDF significantly improved maturation rate of untreated OS-exposed oocytes. Moreover, mtDNA copy number, ATP concentration, and chromosome arrangement at the metaphase plate in rPEDF-treated OS-exposed oocytes were restored to the level of control oocytes. Our findings demonstrate that OS hampers the ability of oocytes to undergo proper in vitro maturation. The energetic balance of OS-exposed oocyte is characterized by excessive mtDNA replication and reduced ATP concentration; it hampers the ability of oocytes to perform high fidelity chromosome segregation. PEDF alleviates this damage, improves the rate of oocyte maturation, and preserves mtDNA level and ATP content, thus enabling oocytes to form proper metaphase plate and improve oocyte competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Nemerovsky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadas Bar-Joseph
- The TMCR Unit, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Eldar-Boock
- The TMCR Unit, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Miller
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Ben-Ami
- IVF and Infertility Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, The Hebrew University Medical School of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Shalgi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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26
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Abooshahab R, Dass CR. The biological relevance of pigment epithelium-derived factor on the path from aging to age-related disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111478. [PMID: 33812881 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenously produced protein that contributes to cell growth arrest, and reduced levels of PEDF are associated with the progression of cellular senescence and the aging process. However, the mechanisms underlying PEDF regulation of these events are not completely clear. Increased PEDF activity may induce anti-aging processes, suggesting the potential therapeutic value of PEDF as an anti-aging and age-related disease. In this review, we recapitulate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging following the characteristics and specific roles of the PEDF in cell cycle arrest and its relevance to cellular senescence and aging pathways. In this context, the discovery and fluctuations of PEDF in age-related diseases are summarised. In light of the importance of PEDF in cellular senescence and aging processes, better comprehension of the mechanism(s) of PEDF in the regulation of cell cycle and the aging process can conceivably facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for diseases that occur with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Abooshahab
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia; Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Crispin R Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, 6102, Australia.
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27
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Chen Z, Che D, Gu X, Lin J, Deng J, Jiang P, Xu K, Xu B, Zhang T. Upregulation of PEDF Predicts a Poor Prognosis and Promotes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression by Modulating the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:625612. [PMID: 33718190 PMCID: PMC7953146 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.625612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis represent the primary causes of therapeutic failure in patients diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The lack of effective treatment strategies for metastatic ESCC is the major cause of the low survival rate. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying ESCC metastasis and identify potential biomarkers for targeted therapy. Herein, we reported that PEDF is significantly correlated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis in ESCC. The high expression of PEDF is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for ESCC patients’ overall survival (OS). We successfully developed and verified a nomogram to predict the preoperative OS of ESCC patients, and the actual and nomogram-predicted 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates had good consistency. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) values for 1-, 3- and 5- survival were 0.764, 0.871, and 0.91, respectively. Overexpression of PEDF significantly promoted the migration and invasion of ESCC cells in vitro, while silencing PEDF yielded the opposite effects. Elevated levels of PEDF altered the expression of proteins involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), as indicated by the upregulation of N-cadherin and the downregulation of α-catenin and E-cadherin in ESCC cells. Mechanistically, PEDF promoted tumor cell motility and EMT by activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results reveal that PEDF is involved in ESCC metastasis and could act as a prognostic factor for ESCC. Our research provides a fresh perspective into the mechanism of ESCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Che
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixiong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Banglao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Quan X, Liu X, Qin X, Wang Y, Sun T, Li Z, Zhu L, Chen J, Zhou Y, Singh S, Dong H, Zhang Z, Zhang H. The role of LR-TIMAP/PP1c complex in the occurrence and development of no-reflow. EBioMedicine 2021; 65:103251. [PMID: 33639401 PMCID: PMC7921471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of no-reflow can increase the risk of major adverse cardiac events and is widely regarded as an important sign of serious prognosis. Previous studies show that laminin receptor (LR) is closely related to the morphology and function of microvessels. However, whether LR is involved in the occurrence and development of no-reflow is still unknown. METHODS In vivo, positron emission tomography (PET) perfusion imaging was performed to detect the effects of intramyocardial gene (LR-AAV and LR-siRNA-AAV) delivery treatment on the degree of no-reflow. In vitro, LC-MS/MS analysis was conducted to identify the LR phosphorylation sites of human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 4 h. Western blot analyses were used to evaluate the phosphorylation levels of LR at residues Tyr47 (phospho-Tyr47-LR/pY47-LR) and Thr125 (phospho-Thr125-LR/pT125-LR) and their effects on the phosphorylation of VE-cadherin residue Ser665 (phospho-Ser665-VE-cad). FINDINGS LR over-expression, LRT125A (phosphonull) and LRY47A (phosphonull) treatments were found to reduce the level of phospho-Ser665-VE-cad, and subsequently maintain adherent junctions and endothelial barrier integrity in hypoxic environments. Mechanistically, TIMAP/PP1c can combine with LR on the cell membrane to form a novel LR-TIMAP/PP1c complex. The level of pY47-LR determined the stability of LR-TIMAP/PP1c complex. The binding of TIMAP/PP1c on LR activated the protein phosphatase activity of PP1c and regulated the level of pT125-LR. INTERPRETATION This study demonstrates that low level of phospho-LR reduces no-reflow area through stabilizing the LR-TIMAP/PP1c complex and promoting the stability of adherens junctions, and may help identify new therapeutic targets for the treatment of no-reflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Quan
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, the First College of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Xiucheng Liu
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, the First College of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Xichun Qin
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, the First College of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Teng Sun
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, the First College of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Lidong Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Yeqing Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Sandeep Singh
- School of International Education, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Hongyan Dong
- Morphological Research Experiment Center, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, the First College of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China.
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29
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Khedr S, Klotzsche‐von Ameln A, Khedr M, Elsayed MH, Sudha T, Mousa SA, Deussen A, Martin M. Characterization of tryptophan-containing dipeptides for anti-angiogenic effects. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13556. [PMID: 32894635 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In the pathogenesis of several diseases, neo-angiogenesis is increased (e.g. tumour growth). The peptide L-glutamyl-L-tryptophan (EW/IM862) has been claimed to exhibit inhibitory effects on tumour growth in vivo. However, the potential role of natural peptides with respect to anti-angiogenic properties is unsettled. The current study explores anti-angiogenic effects of the dipeptides WL, EW, IW and WE. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a bottom-up strategy, we first evaluated the effects of the peptides on VEGFR-2 signalling and quantified their effects in different angiogenesis assays. WL consistently had the strongest effects on phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 and downstream signalling. Therefore, this peptide was chosen in comparison with EW to further assess anti-angiogenic properties. However, sprout formation in three-dimensional (3D) fibrin gel bead assay was significantly inhibited by EW only. Furthermore, vessel sprouting in the mouse aortic ring assay was decreased by the presence of WL and EW compared to control. Results from a chorioallantoic membrane assay showed that under vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation WL and EW decreased the number of blood vessels versus control. These results were in line with those obtained in a matrigel plug assay. The VEGF-induced increase in the haemoglobin content was nearly abolished when treatment was combined with either WL or EW application. In the murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, WL exhibited a small albeit significant anti-angiogenic effect. CONCLUSION Comprehensive screening of WL suggests an anti-angiogenic effect, demonstrated in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. Thus, WL is a dipeptide with potential anti-angiogenic effects and is worthy for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Khedr
- Institute of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
- Physiology Department Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Maha Khedr
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Rensselaer NY USA
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Department of Clinical Pathology Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Elsayed
- Physiology Department Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Thangirala Sudha
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Rensselaer NY USA
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Rensselaer NY USA
| | - Andreas Deussen
- Institute of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Melanie Martin
- Institute of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
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30
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Bagdadi N, Sawaied A, AbuMadighem A, Lunenfeld E, Huleihel M. The Expression Levels and Cellular Localization of Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor (PEDF) in Mouse Testis: Its Possible Involvement in the Differentiation of Spermatogonial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1147. [PMID: 33498962 PMCID: PMC7865766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional secretory soluble glycoprotein that belongs to the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family. It was reported to have neurotrophic, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic activity. Recently, PEDF was found in testicular peritubular cells and it was assumed to be involved in the avascular nature of seminiferous tubules. The aim of this study was to determine the cellular origin, expression levels and target cells of PEDF in testicular tissue of immature and adult mice under physiological conditions, and to explore its possible role in the process of spermatogenesis in vitro. Using immunofluorescence staining, we showed that PEDF was localized in spermatogenic cells at different stages of development as well as in the somatic cells of the testis. Its protein levels in testicular homogenates and Sertoli cells supernatant showed a significant decrease with age. PEDF receptor (PEDF-R) was localized within the seminiferous tubule cells and in the interstitial cells compartment. Its RNA expression levels showed an increase with age until 8 weeks followed by a decrease. RNA levels of PEDF-R showed the opposite trend of the protein. Addition of PEDF to cultures of isolated cells from the seminiferous tubules did not changed their proliferation rate, however, a significant increase was observed in number of meiotic/post meiotic cells at 1000 ng/mL of PEDF; indicating an in vitro differentiation effect. This study may suggest a role for PEDF in the process of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noy Bagdadi
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (N.B.); (A.S.); (A.A.)
- The Center of Advanced Research and Education in Reproduction (CARER), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Alaa Sawaied
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (N.B.); (A.S.); (A.A.)
- The Center of Advanced Research and Education in Reproduction (CARER), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Ali AbuMadighem
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (N.B.); (A.S.); (A.A.)
- The Center of Advanced Research and Education in Reproduction (CARER), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Eitan Lunenfeld
- The Center of Advanced Research and Education in Reproduction (CARER), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel;
- Department of OB/GYN, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Huleihel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (N.B.); (A.S.); (A.A.)
- The Center of Advanced Research and Education in Reproduction (CARER), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel;
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31
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Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) plays anti-inflammatory roles in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease. Ocul Surf 2021; 20:70-85. [PMID: 33412338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in ocular surface in dry eye disease (DED) and its anti-inflammatory roles and mechanisms, clinically and by experiments in vivo and in vitro. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to detect the expression of PEDF in tears of dry eye patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using dry eye mouse model and human corneal epithelial cells (hCECs) stimulated by hyperosmolarity or inflammatory cytokines, expression of PEDF in corneal epithelial cells, stroma and conjunctiva was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction, ELISA and Western blot. Next, either dry eye mice or hyperosmotic hCECs were treated with recombinant PEDF or neutralizing antibodies, and the expressions of inflammatory cytokines and immune cells were detected. Finally, Western blot was performed on MAPK and NF-κB to investigate the signaling pathways by which PEDF played its roles. RESULTS Concentrations of PEDF were increased in tears of dry eye patients. Increased PEDF was observed in corneal epithelial cells (CECs) rather than corneal stroma or conjunctiva in dry eye mice. Furthermore, hCECs exposed to hyperosmolarity showed upregulation of PEDF. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that PEDF suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17A, as well as the percentage of Th17 cells in DED. Further investigation showed that PEDF inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and JNK in hyperosmotic hCECs. CONCLUSIONS CECs derived PEDF is increased in DED. PEDF plays anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory roles in the pathogenesis of DED.
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Bürger S, Meng J, Zwanzig A, Beck M, Pankonin M, Wiedemann P, Eichler W, Unterlauft JD. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) Receptors Are Involved in Survival of Retinal Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E369. [PMID: 33396450 PMCID: PMC7795132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The demise of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is characteristic of diseases of the retina such as glaucoma and diabetic or ischemic retinopathies. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional secreted protein that mediates neuroprotection and inhibition of angiogenesis in the retina. We have studied expression and regulation of two of several receptors for PEDF, patatin-like phospholipase 2 gene product/PEDF-R and laminin receptor (LR), in serum-starved RGC under normoxia and hypoxia and investigated their involvement in the survival of retinal neuronal cells. We show that PEDF-R and LR are co-expressed in RGC and R28 retinal precursor cells. Expression of both receptors was enhanced in the presence of complex secretions from retinal glial (Müller) cells and upregulated by VEGF and under hypoxic conditions. PEDF-R- and LR-knocked-down cells demonstrated a markedly attenuated expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) and neuroprotective mediators (PEDF, VEGF, BDNF) suggesting that both PEDF-R and LR mediate pro-survival effects of PEDF on RGC. While this study does not provide evidence for a differential survival-promoting influence of either PEDF-R or LR, it nevertheless highlights the importance of both PEDF receptors for the viability of retinal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wolfram Eichler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 10-14, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.B.); (J.M.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (P.W.); (J.D.U.)
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Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and PEDF 335 Peptide, 67LR Activators, Attenuate Vasogenic Edema, and Astroglial Degeneration Following Status Epilepticus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090854. [PMID: 32933011 PMCID: PMC7555521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-integrin 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) is involved in cell adherence to the basement membrane, and it regulates the interactions between laminin and other receptors. The dysfunction of 67LR leads to serum extravasation via blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Polyphenol (–)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) bind to 67LR and inhibit neovascularization. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effects of EGCG and NU335, a PEDF-derive peptide, on BBB integrity and their possible underlying mechanisms against vasogenic edema formation induced by status epilepticus (SE, a prolonged seizure activity). Following SE, both EGCG and NU335 attenuated serum extravasation and astroglial degeneration in the rat piriform cortex (PC). Both EGCG and NU335 reversely regulated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT–eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) mediated BBB permeability and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression in endothelial cells and astrocytes through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways, respectively. Furthermore, EGCG and NU335 decreased p47Phox (a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit) expression in astrocytes under physiological and post-SE conditions. Therefore, we suggest that EGCG and PEDF derivatives may activate 67LR and its downstream effectors, and they may be considerable anti-vasogenic edema agents.
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de Diego-Otero Y, Giráldez-Pérez RM, Lima-Cabello E, Heredia-Farfan R, Calvo Medina R, Sanchez-Salido L, Pérez Costillas L. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and PEDF-receptor in the adult mouse brain: Differential spatial/temporal localization pattern. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:141-158. [PMID: 32427349 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional protein which was initially described in the retina, although it is also present in other tissues. It functions as an antioxidant agent promoting neuronal survival. Recently, a PEDF receptor has shown an elevated binding affinity for PEDF. There are no relevant data regarding the distribution of both proteins in the brain, therefore the main goal of this work was to investigate the spatiotemporal presence of PEDF and PEDFR in the adult mouse brain, and to determine the PEDF blood level in mouse and human. The localization of both proteins was analyzed by different experimental methods such as immunohistochemistry, western-blotting, and also by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Differential expression was found in some telencephalic structures and positive signals for both proteins were detected in the cerebellum. The magnitude of the PEDFR labeling pattern was higher than PEDF and included some cortical and subventricular areas. Age-dependent changes in intensity of both protein immunoreactions were found in the cortical and hippocampal areas with greater reactivity between 4 and 8 months of age, whilst others, like the subventricular zones, these differences were more evident for PEDFR. Although ubiquitous presence was not found in the brain for these two proteins, their relevant functions must not be underestimated. It has been described that PEDF plays an important role in neuroprotection and data provided in the present work represents the first extensive study to understand the relevance of these two proteins in specific brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda de Diego-Otero
- Research Laboratory, Hospital Civil, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.,Mental Health Clinic Unit, .Regional University Hospital, Hospital Civil, Málaga, Spain.,Research Unit, International Institute of Innovation and Attention to Neurodevelopment and Language, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa María Giráldez-Pérez
- Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, University of Cordoba, Edificio Charles Darwin, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elena Lima-Cabello
- Research Laboratory, Hospital Civil, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Raúl Heredia-Farfan
- Research Laboratory, Hospital Civil, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Rocío Calvo Medina
- Pediatric Clinic Unit. Regional University Hospital, Hospital Materno-Infantil Avd, Arroyo de los Angeles, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sanchez-Salido
- Research Laboratory, Hospital Civil, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Lucía Pérez Costillas
- Mental Health Clinic Unit, .Regional University Hospital, Hospital Civil, Málaga, Spain.,Psychiatry and Physiotherapy Department, University of Malaga. Medical School, Málaga, Spain
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Sheibani N, Zaitoun IS, Wang S, Darjatmoko SR, Suscha A, Song YS, Sorenson CM, Shifrin V, Albert DM, Melgar-Asensio I, Kandela I, Henkin J. Inhibition of retinal neovascularization by a PEDF-derived nonapeptide in newborn mice subjected to oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2020; 195:108030. [PMID: 32272114 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a growing cause of lifelong blindness and visual defects as improved neonatal care worldwide increases survival in very-low-birthweight preterm newborns. Advancing ROP is managed by laser surgery or a single intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF, typically at 33-36 weeks gestational age. While newer methods of scanning and telemedicine improve monitoring ROP, the above interventions are more difficult to deliver in developing countries. There is also concern as to laser-induced detachment and adverse developmental effects in newborns of anti-VEGF treatment, spurring a search for alternative means of mitigating ROP. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a potent angiogenesis inhibitor appears late in gestation, is undetected in 25-28 week vitreous, but present at full term. Its absence may contribute to ROP upon transition from high-to-ambient oxygen environment or with intermittent hypoxia. We recently described antiangiogenic PEDF-derived small peptides which inhibit choroidal neovascularization, and suggested that their target may be laminin receptor, 67LR. The latter has been implicated in oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy (OIR). Here we examined the effect of a nonapeptide, PEDF 336, in a newborn mouse OIR model. Neovascularization was significantly decreased in a dose-responsive manner by single intravitreal (IVT) injections of 1.25-7.5 μg/eye (1.0-6.0 nmol/eye). By contrast, anti-mouse VEGFA164 was only effective at 25 ng/eye, with limited dose-response. Combination of anti-VEGFA164 with PEDF 336 gave only the poorer anti-VEGF response while abrogating the robust inhibition seen with peptide-alone, suggesting a need for VEGF in sensitizing the endothelium to the peptide. VEGF stimulated 67LR presentation on endothelial cells, which was decreased in the presence of PEDF 336. Mouse and rabbit eyes showed no histopathology or inflammation after IVT peptide injection. Thus, PEDF 336 is a potential ROP therapeutic, but is not expected to be beneficial in combination with anti-VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Sheibani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ismail S Zaitoun
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shoujian Wang
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Soesiawati R Darjatmoko
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew Suscha
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yong-Seok Song
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christine M Sorenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Daniel M Albert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA
| | | | - Irawati Kandela
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jack Henkin
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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Brook N, Brook E, Dharmarajan A, Chan A, Dass CR. Pigment epithelium-derived factor regulation of neuronal and stem cell fate. Exp Cell Res 2020; 389:111891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor as a Possible Treatment Agent for Choroidal Neovascularization. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8941057. [PMID: 32215180 PMCID: PMC7079215 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8941057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a sight-threatening disease and is characterized by the formation of pathological neovascularization in the choroid which extends into the subretinal space. Exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the formation of CNV in the macular area which leads to irreversible blindness. Continuous leakage and hemorrhage of the CNV lesion may eventually result in scarring or later fibrosis, which could result in photoreceptor cell atrophy. The current strategy for treating CNV is the use of antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. Many studies have demonstrated the efficacy of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy. Other studies have also reported the side effects of single anti-VEGF treatment. And long-term inhibition of a single system may result in collateral damage to other visual elements. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a 50 kDa protein that was first isolated from the conditioned medium of human RPE cells. PEDF has both antiangiogenesis and neuroprotective functions for photoreceptor cells. It may be a potential ocular antiangiogenic agent. This review outlines the distribution of PEDF in the eye, the mechanism of antiangiogenesis, the protective effect on the retina, and the relationship between PEDF and VEGF.
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Yamagishi SI, Koga Y, Sotokawauchi A, Hashizume N, Fukahori S, Matsui T, Yagi M. Therapeutic Potential of Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor in Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:313-324. [PMID: 30892156 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190319112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is one of the serine protease inhibitors with multifunctional properties, which is produced by various types of organs and tissues. There is an accumulating body of evidence that PEDF plays an important role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Indeed, PEDF not only works as an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, but also suppresses oxidative stress, inflammatory and thrombotic reactions in cell culture systems, animal models, and humans. Furthermore, we, along with others, have found that PEDF inhibits proliferation of, and induces apoptotic cell death in, numerous kinds of tumors. In addition, circulating as well as tumor expression levels of PEDF have been inversely associated with tumor growth and metastasis. These observations suggest that supplementation of PEDF proteins and/or enhancement of endogenous PEDF expression could be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. Therefore, in this paper, we review the effects of PEDF on diverse types of cancer, and discuss its therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho-Ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Koga
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ami Sotokawauchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashizume
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Suguru Fukahori
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Minoru Yagi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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Zhu Z, Li W, Zhang X, Wang C, Gao L, Yang F, Cao W, Li K, Tian H, Liu X, Zhang K, Zheng H. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Capsid Protein VP1 Interacts with Host Ribosomal Protein SA To Maintain Activation of the MAPK Signal Pathway and Promote Virus Replication. J Virol 2020; 94:e01350-19. [PMID: 31694957 PMCID: PMC7000977 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01350-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the causative agent of foot-and-mouth disease, a highly contagious, economically important viral disease. The structural protein VP1 plays significant roles during FMDV infection. Here, we identified that VP1 interacted with host ribosomal protein SA (RPSA). RPSA is a viral receptor for dengue virus and classical swine fever virus infections. However, the incubation of susceptible cells using the anti-RPSA antibodies did not block the infection of FMDV. Overexpression of porcine RPSA in the insusceptible cells could not trigger FMDV infection, suggesting that RPSA was not responsible for FMDV entry and infection. On the contrary, we found that overexpression of RPSA suppressed FMDV replication, and knockdown of RPSA enhanced FMDV replication. We further determined that FMDV infection activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and demonstrated that MAPK pathway activation was critically important for FMDV replication. RPSA negatively regulated MAPK pathway activation during FMDV infection and displayed an antiviral function. FMDV VP1 interacted with RPSA to abrogate the RPSA-mediated suppressive role in MAPK pathway activation. Together, our study indicated that MAPK pathway activation was required for FMDV replication and that host RPSA played a negatively regulatory role on MAPK pathway activation to suppress FMDV replication. FMDV VP1 bound to RPSA to promote viral replication by repressing RPSA-mediated function and maintaining the activation of MAPK signal pathway.IMPORTANCE Identification of virus-cell interactions is essential for making strategies to limit virus replication and refine the models of virus replication. This study demonstrated that FMDV utilized the MAPK pathway for viral replication. The host RPSA protein inhibited FMDV replication by suppressing the activation of the MAPK pathway during FMDV infection. FMDV VP1 bound to RPSA to repress the RPSA-mediated regulatory effect on MAPK pathway activation. This study revealed an important implication of the MAPK pathway for FMDV infection and identified a novel mechanism by which FMDV VP1 has evolved to interact with RPSA and maintain the activation of the MAPK pathway, elucidating new information regarding the signal reprogramming of host cells by FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangle Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lili Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kangli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Michalczyk ER, Chen L, Maia MB, DiPietro LA. A Role for Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 6 in Blood Vessel Regression in Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020; 9:1-8. [PMID: 31871825 PMCID: PMC6918844 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The healing of skin wounds is typified by a pattern of robust angiogenesis followed by vascular regression. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a recognized endogenous antiangiogenic protein, regulates vascular regression in resolving wounds through an unknown receptor. Among the multiple receptors for PEDF that have been identified, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (Lrp6) has been described as a regulator of angiogenesis in multiple systems. The purpose of the current study was to determine if the Lrp6 receptor plays a role in vessel regression in wounds. Approach: Excisional skin wounds were prepared on C57BL/6 mice. RT-PCR and immunoblots were performed to measure Lrp6 expression over a time course of wound healing. Immunohistochemistry was performed to localize Lrp6 in both recombinant PEDF (rPEDF)-treated and control wounds. To examine whether Lrp6 is critical to the regulation of capillary regression in vivo, wounds were treated with Lrp6 siRNA to minimize its presence in wounds. Immunohistochemistry for CD31 was performed to quantify blood vessel density. Results: PCR and immunoblots revealed significant increases in Lrp6 expression during the vascular regression phase of wound healing. Lrp6 was found to colocalize with CD31+ endothelial cells in wounds. The addition of rPEDF to wounds caused an increase in Lrp6-CD31+ endothelial cell colocalization. Inhibition of Lrp6 by siRNA impeded the vascular regression phase of healing. Innovation: This study is the first to demonstrate an association between Lrp6 and vessel regression in wound healing. Conclusion: Lrp6 is expressed in wounds in a temporal and spatial manner that suggests it may be a receptor for PEDF during vascular regression. PEDF increases Lrp6 expression in the wound vasculature, and inhibition of Lrp6 blocked vascular regression in wounds. The results suggest that Lrp6 is important to vascular regression in wounds, possibly through direct interaction with PEDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Michalczyk
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lin Chen
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mariana B. Maia
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Luisa A. DiPietro
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Brook N, Brook E, Dharmarajan A, Chan A, Dass CR. The role of pigment epithelium-derived factor in protecting against cellular stress. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1166-1180. [PMID: 31760841 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1697809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery as a neurotrophic factor in retinal pigmented epithelium cells in the late 1980s, there has been an increase in understanding of the role that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) plays in cellular functions. PEDF plays an important role in mediating cellular protection during exposure to oxidative stress and inflammation by preventing stress-induced angiogenesis and apoptosis. PEDF acts to reduce oxidative stress by promoting mitochondrial stability and by regulating the expression of enzymes involved in ROS accumulation and clearance. PEDF protects against the negative effects of oxidative stress by regulating cell survival pathways and the expression of inflammatory and proangiogenic mediators. PEDF-mediated cellular protection may be of clinical importance in diseases characterised by oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and pathological neovascularization, indicating that targeting PEDF may be a potential focus for therapeutic interventions in chronic diseases. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on the discoveries of PEDF interactions and functions, and discuss recent in vitro, in vivo and clinical findings to provide a current summary of the important protective effects following cellular exposure to stress stimuli and future clinical potential of PEDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Brook
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, Australia
| | - Emily Brook
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Arlene Chan
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Hollywood Private Hospital, Breast Clinical Trials Unit, Breast Cancer Research Centre-Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, Australia
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Sheibani N, Wang S, Darjatmoko SR, Fisk DL, Shahi PK, Pattnaik BR, Sorenson CM, Bhowmick R, Volpert OV, Albert DM, Melgar-Asensio I, Henkin J. Novel anti-angiogenic PEDF-derived small peptides mitigate choroidal neovascularization. Exp Eye Res 2019; 188:107798. [PMID: 31520600 PMCID: PMC7032632 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal migration and proliferation of endothelial cells (EC) drive neovascular retinopathies. While anti-VEGF treatment slows progression, pathology is often supported by decrease in intraocular pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis. A surface helical 34-mer peptide of PEDF, comprising this activity, is efficacious in animal models of neovascular retina disease but remains impractically large for therapeutic use. We sought smaller fragments within this sequence that mitigate choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Expecting rapid intravitreal (IVT) clearance, we also developed a method to reversibly attach peptides to nano-carriers for extended delivery. Synthetic fragments of 34-mer yielded smaller anti-angiogenic peptides, and N-terminal capping with dicarboxylic acids did not diminish activity. Charge restoration via substitution of an internal aspartate by asparagine improved potency, achieving low nM apoptotic response in VEGF-activated EC. Two optimized peptides (PEDF 335, 8-mer and PEDF 336, 9-mer) were tested in a mouse model of laser-induced CNV. IVT injection of either peptide, 2-5 days before laser treatment, gave significant CNV decrease at day +14 post laser treatment. The 8-mer also decreased CNV, when administered as eye drops. Also examined was a nanoparticle-conjugate (NPC) prodrug of the 9-mer, having positive zeta potential, expected to display longer intraocular residence. This NPC showed extended efficacy, even when injected 14 days before laser treatment. Neither inflammatory cells nor other histopathologic abnormalities were seen in rabbit eyes harvested 14 days following IVT injection of PEDF 336 (>200 μg). No rabbit or mouse eye irritation was observed over 12-17 days of PEDF 335 eye drops (10 mM). Viability was unaffected in 3 retinal and 2 choroidal cell types by PEDF 335 up to 100 μM, PEDF 336 (100 μM) gave slight growth inhibition only in choroidal EC. A small anti-angiogenic PEDF epitope (G-Y-D-L-Y-R-V) was identified, variants (adipic-Sar-Y-N-L-Y-R-V) mitigate CNV, with clinical potential in treating neovascular retinopathy. Their shared active motif, Y - - - R, is found in laminin (Ln) peptide YIGSR, which binds Ln receptor 67LR, a known high-affinity ligand of PEDF 34-mer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shoujian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Soesiawati R Darjatmoko
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Debra L Fisk
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Pawan K Shahi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bikash R Pattnaik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christine M Sorenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Reshma Bhowmick
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Olga V Volpert
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel M Albert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Jack Henkin
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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43
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Fan NW, Ho TC, Wu CW, Tsao YP. Pigment epithelium-derived factor peptide promotes limbal stem cell proliferation through hedgehog pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4759-4769. [PMID: 31066230 PMCID: PMC6584522 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansion of limbal epithelial stem cells (LSCs) is crucial for the success of limbal transplantation. Previous studies showed that pigment epithelium‐derived peptide (PEDF) short peptide 44‐mer could effectively expand LSCs and maintain them in a stem‐cell state, but the mechanism remained unclear. In the current study, we found that pharmacological inhibition of Sonic Hedgehog (SHh) activity reduced the LSC holoclone number and suppressed LSC proliferation in response to 44‐mer. In mice subjected to focal limbal injury, 44‐mer facilitated the restoration of the LSC population in damaged limbus, and such effect was impeded by the SHh or ATGL (a PEDF receptor) inhibitor. Furthermore, we showed that 44‐mer increased nuclear translocation of Gli1 and Gli3 in LSCs. Knockdown of Gli1 or Gli3 suppressed the ability of 44‐mer to induce cyclin D1 expression and LSC proliferation. In addition, ATGL inhibitor suppressed the 44‐mer‐induced phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr705 in LSC. Both inhibitors for ATGL and STAT3 attenuated 44‐mer‐induced SHh activation and LSC proliferation. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that SHh‐Gli pathway driven by ATGL/STAT3 signalling accounts for the 44‐mer‐mediated LSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Wen Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chuan Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Ping Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Honrubia-Gómez P, López-Garrido MP, Gil-Gas C, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Alvarez-Simon C, Cuenca-Escalona J, Perez AF, Arias E, Moreno R, Sánchez-Sánchez F, Ramirez-Castillejo C. Pedf derived peptides affect colorectal cancer cell lines resistance and tumour re-growth capacity. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2973-2986. [PMID: 31105879 PMCID: PMC6508205 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse after chemotherapy treatment depends on the cancer initiating cells (CICs). PEDF (Pigmented Epithelium Derived Factor) is an anti-angiogenic, neurotrophic and self-renewal regulator molecule, also involved in CICs biology. Acute and chronic exposition of colon cancer cell lines to CT/CTE PEDF-derived peptides decreased drug-resistance to conventional colorectal cancer treatments, such as oxaliplatin or irinotecan. We confirmed a reduction in the irinotecan and oxaliplatin IC50 doses for all tested tumour cell lines. After xenograft transplantation, CT/CTE treatments also produced a reduction in resistance to conventional chemotherapy treatments as in culture-assays. Metastatic capacity of these treated cell lines was also depleted. The PEDF signaling pathway could be a future therapeutic tool for use as an adjuvant therapy that decreases IC50 dosis, adverse effects and treatment costs. This pathway could also be involved in an increase of the time relapse in patients, decreased tumourigenicity, and decreased capacity to produce metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María-Pilar López-Garrido
- Genética Médica, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, IDINE, UCLM, Albacete, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil-Gas
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Departamento Ciencias Médicas, CRIB, UCLM, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Alvarez-Simon
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Departamento Ciencias Médicas, CRIB, UCLM, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jorge Cuenca-Escalona
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, HST Group, Biotechnology and V Biology Department, ETSIAAB, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ferrer Perez
- Current address: Oncology Division, Hospital Obispo Polanco, Teruel, Spain
| | - Enrique Arias
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, UCLM, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Sánchez-Sánchez
- Genética Médica, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, IDINE, UCLM, Albacete, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramirez-Castillejo
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Departamento Ciencias Médicas, CRIB, UCLM, Albacete, Spain.,Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, HST Group, Biotechnology and V Biology Department, ETSIAAB, UPM, Madrid, Spain
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45
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Melgar-Asensio I, Kandela I, Aird F, Darjatmoko SR, de Los Rios C, Sorenson CM, Albert DM, Sheibani N, Henkin J. Extended Intravitreal Rabbit Eye Residence of Nanoparticles Conjugated With Cationic Arginine Peptides for Intraocular Drug Delivery: In Vivo Imaging. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:4071-4081. [PMID: 30098194 PMCID: PMC6088811 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Drug delivery by intravitreal injection remains problematic, small agents and macromolecules both clearing rapidly. Typical carriers use microparticles (>2 μm), with size-related liabilities, to slow diffusion. We recently described cationic nanoparticles (NP) where conjugated Arg peptides prolonged residence in rat eyes, through ionic interaction with vitreal poly-anions. Here we extended this strategy to in vivo tracking of NP-conjugate (NPC) clearance from rabbit eyes. Relating t1/2 to zeta potential, and varied dose, we estimated the limits of this charge-based delivery system. Methods NPC carried covalently attached PEG8-2Arg or PEG8-3Arg pentapeptides, having known sequences from human eye proteins. Peptides were conjugated (61–64 per NPC); each NP/NPC also carried a cyanine7 tag (<0.5 dye/particle). In vivo imaging system (IVIS), after intravitreal injection, estimated NPC loss by 800-nm photon emission (745-nm excitation) at 1 to 3-week intervals following initial scan at day 10. Results NPC of 2Arg-peptides or 3Arg-peptides showed clearance t1/2 of 7 days and 17 days respectively, unconjugated NP t1/2 was <<5 days. Doses of 90, 180, and 360 μg of PEG8-2Arg NPC were compared. The lower doses showed dose-proportional day-10 concentration, and similar clearance. Higher early loss was seen with a 360-μg dose, exceeding rabbit vitreal binding capacity. No inflammation was observed. Conclusions This type of cationic NPC can safely increase residence t1/2 in a 1 to 3-week range, with dose <100 μg per mL vitreous. Human drug load may then range from 10 to 100 μg/eye, usefulness depending on individual drug potency and release rate, superimposed on extended intravitreal residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Melgar-Asensio
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States.,Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irawati Kandela
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Fraser Aird
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Soesiawati R Darjatmoko
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Cristobal de Los Rios
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christine M Sorenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Daniel M Albert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jack Henkin
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
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46
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Nawaz IM, Rezzola S, Cancarini A, Russo A, Costagliola C, Semeraro F, Presta M. Human vitreous in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Characterization and translational implications. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 72:100756. [PMID: 30951889 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in the working-age population. DR is a progressive eye disease caused by long-term accumulation of hyperglycaemia-mediated pathological alterations in the retina of diabetic patients. DR begins with asymptomatic retinal abnormalities and may progress to advanced-stage proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), characterized by neovascularization or preretinal/vitreous haemorrhages. The vitreous, a transparent gel that fills the posterior cavity of the eye, plays a vital role in maintaining ocular function. Structural and molecular alterations of the vitreous, observed during DR progression, are consequences of metabolic and functional modifications of the retinal tissue. Thus, vitreal alterations reflect the pathological events occurring at the vitreoretinal interface. These events are caused by hypoxic, oxidative, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and leukostatic conditions that occur during diabetes. Conversely, PDR vitreous can exert pathological effects on the diabetic retina, resulting in activation of a vicious cycle that contributes to disease progression. In this review, we recapitulate the major pathological features of DR/PDR, and focus on the structural and molecular changes that characterize the vitreal structure and composition during DR and progression to PDR. In PDR, vitreous represents a reservoir of pathological signalling molecules. Therefore, in this review we discuss how studying the biological activity of the vitreous in different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models can provide insights into the pathogenesis of PDR. In addition, the vitreous from PDR patients can represent a novel tool to obtain preclinical experimental evidences for the development and characterization of new therapeutic drug candidates for PDR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz M Nawaz
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Cancarini
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy.
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47
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Huang KT, Lin CC, Tsai MC, Chen KD, Chiu KW. Pigment epithelium-derived factor in lipid metabolic disorders. Biomed J 2019; 41:102-108. [PMID: 29866598 PMCID: PMC6138776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a secreted glycoprotein that has anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, neurotrophic and immunomodulatory properties. PEDF has recently emerged as a critical metabolic regulatory protein since the discovery of its modulatory activities in the lipolytic pathway by binding to adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Despite being beneficial in maintaining the homeostasis of hepatic lipid accumulation, PEDF has been uncovered an unfavorable role associated with insulin resistance. The molecular events that connect these two apparent distinct observations have been controversial and remained largely unknown. Therefore in this short review, we attempt to summarize the current findings of PEDF regarding its lipid metabolic functions and provide perspectives in identifying PEDF as a potential therapeutic target in lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Tzu Huang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Che Lin
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chao Tsai
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Den Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - King-Wah Chiu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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48
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Ma S, Wang S, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhu P. The effects of pigment epithelium-derived factor on atherosclerosis: putative mechanisms of the process. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:240. [PMID: 30326915 PMCID: PMC6192115 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is believed to be the major cause of CVD, characterized by atherosclerotic lesion formation and plaque disruption. Although remarkable advances in understanding the mechanisms of atherosclerosis have been made, the application of these theories is still limited in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Therefore, novel and effective strategies to treat high-risk patients with atherosclerosis require further development. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a glycoprotein with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-thrombotic and anti-tumorigenic properties, is of considerable interest in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Accumulating research has suggested that PEDF exerts beneficial effects on atherosclerotic lesions and CVD patients. Our group, along with colleagues, has demonstrated that PEDF may be associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and that the polymorphisms of rs8075977 of PEDF are correlated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Moreover, we have explored the anti-atherosclerosis mechanisms of PEDF, showing that oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) reduced PEDF concentrations through the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that D-4F can protect endothelial cells against ox-LDL-induced injury by preventing the downregulation of PEDF. Additionally, PEDF might alleviate endothelial injury by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These data suggest that PEDF may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In this review, we will summarize the role of PEDF in the development of atherosclerosis, focusing on endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis and cell proliferation. We will also discuss its promising therapeutic implications for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyuan Ma
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Cadre Clinic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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49
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Li F, Cain JD, Tombran-Tink J, Niyibizi C. Pigment epithelium derived factor regulates human Sost/Sclerostin and other osteocyte gene expression via the receptor and induction of Erk/GSK-3beta/beta-catenin signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3449-3458. [PMID: 30076958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in Serpinf1 gene which encodes pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) lead to osteogenesis imperfecta type VI whose hallmark is defective mineralization. We reported that PEDF suppressed expression of Sost/Sclerostin and other osteocyte related genes in mineralizing osteoblast cultures and suggested that this could be part of the mechanisms by which PEDF regulates matrix mineralization (Li et al. J Cellular Phys. 2014). We have used a long-term differentiated mineralizing osteoblast culture (LTD) to define mechanisms by which PEDF regulates osteocyte gene expression. LTD cultures were established by culturing human osteoblasts in an osteogenic medium for 4 months followed by analysis of osteocytes related genes and encoded proteins. LTD cells synthesized Sclerostin, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) and dentin matrix protein (DMP-1) and their synthesis was reduced by treatment with PEDF. Treatment of the cultures with PEDF induced phosphorylation of Erk and glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK-3β), and accumulation of nonphosphorylated β-catenin. Inhibition of Erk activation and neutralizing antibodies to the pigment epithelium derived receptor (PEDF-R) suppressed GSK-3β phosphorylation and accumulation of nonphosphorylated β-catenin in presence of PEDF. Topflash assays demonstrated that PEDF activated luciferase reporter activity and this activity was inhibited by treatment with Erk inhibitor or neutralizing antibodies to PEDF-R. Dickkopf-related protein 1 treatment of the cells in presence of PEDF had minimal effect suggesting that GSK-3β phosphorylation and accumulation of nonphosphorylayted β-catenin may not involve LRP5/6 in osteocytes. Taken together, the data demonstrate that PEDF regulates osteocyte gene expression through its receptor and possible involvement of Erk/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jarret D Cain
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Joyce Tombran-Tink
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Niyibizi
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State college of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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50
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Sadri H, Saremi B, Dänicke S, Rehage J, Mielenz M, Hosseini A, Sauerwein H. Lactation-related changes in tissue expression of PEDF in dairy cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2018; 64:93-101. [PMID: 29758402 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is evolving as metabolic regulatory protein. Albeit mostly considered in only pathological conditions related to excess energy intake resulting in obesity and insulin resistance, PEDF is likely to be involved in other physiological processes such as the homeorhetic adaptation of metabolism to lactation. We aimed to characterize the expression of PEDF and its association to the concomitant mobilization of body reserves during lactation in nonobese subjects. This mobilization is particularly distinct in dairy cows, and we therefore assessed the mRNA expression of PEDF and its putative receptors in different tissues in 2 trials with dairy cows fed with or without conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs). Conjugated linoleic acids depress milk fat synthesis and may thus reduce the drain of energy via milk. In pluriparous cows, the serum PEDF concentrations and the mRNA abundance in subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT), as well as the hepatic and scAT mRNA abundance of the putative receptors, adipose triglyceride lipase, and laminin receptor 1, changed over time of sampling (day -21 until day 252 relative to calving). Conjugated linoleic acid treatment was associated with reduced PEDF concentrations in serum and lower PEDF mRNA abundance in scAT on day 21 postpartum. Comparing different tissues from primiparous cows, PEDF mRNA was highest in the liver, followed by scAT, visceral adipose tissue (AT), and mammary gland, and lowest in the muscle. Significant changes in PEDF expression with time of sampling were limited to AT in primiparous and pluriparous cows. Our data support a regulatory role for PEDF. The similarities between the time course of the serum concentrations of PEDF and its mRNA abundance in scAT may point to a regulatory role for AT rather than the liver for PEDF in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran; Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn 53111, Germany
| | - B Saremi
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn 53111, Germany
| | - S Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - J Rehage
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover 30173, Germany
| | - M Mielenz
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Dummerstorf 18196, Germany
| | - A Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn 53111, Germany.
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