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Yang Y, Du Y, Ivanov D, Niu C, Clare R, Smith JW, Nazy I, Kaltashov IA. Molecular architecture and platelet-activating properties of small immune complexes assembled on heparin and platelet factor 4. Commun Biol 2024; 7:308. [PMID: 38467823 PMCID: PMC10928113 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse reaction to heparin leading to a reduction in circulating platelets with an increased risk of thrombosis. It is precipitated by polymerized immune complexes consisting of pathogenic antibodies that recognize a small chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4) bound to heparin. Characterization of these immune complexes is extremely challenging due to the enormous structural heterogeneity of such macromolecular assemblies and their constituents. Native mass spectrometry demonstrates that up to three PF4 tetramers can be assembled on a heparin chain, consistent with the molecular modeling studies showing facile polyanion wrapping along the polycationic belt on the PF4 surface. Although these assemblies can accommodate a maximum of only two antibodies, the resulting immune complexes are capable of platelet activation despite their modest size. Taken together, these studies provide further insight into molecular mechanisms of HIT and other immune disorders where anti-PF4 antibodies play a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Daniil Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Chendi Niu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Rumi Clare
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - James W Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ishac Nazy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Igor A Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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2
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Yang Y, Du Y, Ivanov D, Niu C, Clare R, Smith JW, Nazy I, Kaltashov IA. Molecular architecture and platelet-activating properties of small immune complexes assembled on intact heparin and their possible involvement in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.11.528150. [PMID: 36798284 PMCID: PMC9934687 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.11.528150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse reaction to heparin leading to a reduction in circulating platelets with an increased risk of thrombosis. It is precipitated by polymerized immune complexes consisting of pathogenic antibodies that recognize a small chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4) bound to heparin, which trigger platelet activation and a hypercoagulable state. Characterization of these immune complexes is extremely challenging due to the enormous structural heterogeneity of such macromolecular assemblies and their constituents (especially heparin). We use native mass spectrometry to characterize small immune complexes formed by PF4, heparin and monoclonal HIT-specific antibodies. Up to three PF4 tetramers can be assembled on a heparin chain, consistent with the results of molecular modeling studies showing facile polyanion wrapping along the polycationic belt on the PF4 surface. Although these assemblies can accommodate a maximum of only two antibodies, the resulting immune complexes are capable of platelet activation despite their modest size. Taken together, these studies provide further insight into molecular mechanisms of HIT and other immune disorders where anti-PF4 antibodies play a central role.
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3
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Zappe A, Miller RL, Struwe WB, Pagel K. State-of-the-art glycosaminoglycan characterization. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:1040-1071. [PMID: 34608657 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous acidic polysaccharides involved in a range of biological functions. They have a significant influence on the regulation of cellular processes and the development of various diseases and infections. To fully understand the functional roles that GAGs play in mammalian systems, including disease processes, it is essential to understand their structural features. Despite having a linear structure and a repetitive disaccharide backbone, their structural analysis is challenging and requires elaborate preparative and analytical techniques. In particular, the extent to which GAGs are sulfated, as well as variation in sulfate position across the entire oligosaccharide or on individual monosaccharides, represents a major obstacle. Here, we summarize the current state-of-the-art methodologies used for GAG sample preparation and analysis, discussing in detail liquid chromatograpy and mass spectrometry-based approaches, including advanced ion activation methods, ion mobility separations and infrared action spectroscopy of mass-selected species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zappe
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Centre for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kevin Pagel
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Frey LJ. Informatics Ecosystems to Advance the Biology of Glycans. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2303:655-673. [PMID: 34626414 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1398-6_50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycomics researchers have identified the need for integrated database systems for collecting glycomics information in a consistent format. The goal is to create a resource for knowledge discovery and dissemination to wider research communities. This has the potential and has exhibited initial success, to extend the research community to include biologists, clinicians, chemists, and computer scientists. This chapter discusses the technology and approach needed to create integrated data resources and informatics ecosystems to empower the broader community to leverage extant glycomics data. The focus is on glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) and proteoglycan research, but the approach can be generalized. The methods described span the development of glycomics standards from CarbBank to Glyco Connection Tables. Integrated data sets provide a foundation for novel methods of analysis such as machine learning and deep learning for knowledge discovery. The implications of predictive analysis are examined in relation to disease biomarker to expand the target audience of GAG and proteoglycan research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Frey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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5
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Ramadan S, Su G, Baryal K, Hsieh-Wilson LC, Liu J, Huang X. Automated Solid Phase Assisted Synthesis of a Heparan Sulfate Disaccharide Library. Org Chem Front 2022; 9:2910-2920. [PMID: 36212917 PMCID: PMC9536483 DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00439a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) regulates a wide range of biological events, including blood coagulation, cancer development, cell differentiation, and viral infections. It is generally recognized that structures of HS can critically...
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qaliobiya 13518, Egypt
| | - Guowei Su
- Glycan Therapeutics, 617 Hutton Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
| | - Kedar Baryal
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Linda C Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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6
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Derler R, Kitic N, Gerlza T, Kungl AJ. Isolation and Characterization of Heparan Sulfate from Human Lung Tissues. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185512. [PMID: 34576979 PMCID: PMC8469465 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans are a class of linear, highly negatively charged, O-linked polysaccharides that are involved in many (patho)physiological processes. In vitro experimental investigations of such processes typically involve porcine-derived heparan sulfate (HS). Structural information about human, particularly organ-specific heparan sulfate, and how it compares with HS from other organisms, is very limited. In this study, heparan sulfate was isolated from human lung tissues derived from five donors and was characterized for their overall size distribution and disaccharide composition. The expression profiles of proteoglycans and HS-modifying enzymes was quantified in order to identify the major core proteins for HS. In addition, the binding affinities of human HS to two chemokines—CXCL8 and CCL2—were investigated, which represent important inflammatory mediators in lung pathologies. Our data revealed that syndecans are the predominant proteoglycan class in human lungs and that the disaccharide composition varies among individuals according to sex, age, and health stage (one of the donor lungs was accidentally discovered to contain a solid tumor). The compositional difference of the five human lung HS preparations affected chemokine binding affinities to various degrees, indicating selective immune cell responses depending on the relative chemokine–glycan affinities. This represents important new insights that could be translated into novel therapeutic concepts for individually treating lung immunological disorders via HS targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Derler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1/1, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.D.); (N.K.); (T.G.)
- Antagonis Biotherapeutics GmbH, Strasserhofweg 77a, 8045 Graz, Austria
| | - Nikola Kitic
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1/1, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.D.); (N.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Tanja Gerlza
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1/1, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.D.); (N.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Andreas J. Kungl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1/1, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.D.); (N.K.); (T.G.)
- Antagonis Biotherapeutics GmbH, Strasserhofweg 77a, 8045 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
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7
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Casasnovas J, Damron CL, Jarrell J, Orr KS, Bone RN, Archer-Hartmann S, Azadi P, Kua KL. Offspring of Obese Dams Exhibit Sex-Differences in Pancreatic Heparan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans and Islet Insulin Secretion. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:658439. [PMID: 34108935 PMCID: PMC8181410 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.658439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Offspring of obese mothers suffer higher risks of type 2 diabetes due to increased adiposity and decreased β cell function. To date, the sex-differences in offspring islet insulin secretion during early life has not been evaluated extensively, particularly prior to weaning at postnatal day 21 (P21). To determine the role of maternal obesity on offspring islet insulin secretion, C57BL/6J female dams were fed chow or western diet from 4 weeks prior to mating to induce maternal obesity. First, offspring of chow-fed and obese dams were evaluated on postnatal day 21 (P21) prior to weaning for body composition, glucose and insulin tolerance, and islet phasic insulin-secretion. Compared to same-sex controls, both male and female P21 offspring born to obese dams (MatOb) had higher body adiposity and exhibited sex-specific differences in glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. The male MatOb offspring developed the highest extent of glucose intolerance and lowest glucose-induced insulin secretion. In contrast, P21 female offspring of obese dams had unimpaired insulin secretion. Using SAX-HPLC, we found that male MatOb had a decrease in pancreatic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan, which is a macromolecule critical for islet health. Notably, 8-weeks-old offspring of obese dams continued to exhibit a similar pattern of sex-differences in glucose intolerance and decreased islet insulin secretion. Overall, our study suggests that maternal obesity induces sex-specific changes to pancreatic HSG in offspring and a lasting effect on offspring insulin secretion, leading to the sex-differences in glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Casasnovas
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Christopher Luke Damron
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - James Jarrell
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kara S. Orr
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Robert N. Bone
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kok Lim Kua
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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8
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Bergwik J, Kristiansson A, Larsson J, Ekström S, Åkerström B, Allhorn M. Binding of the human antioxidation protein α 1-microglobulin (A1M) to heparin and heparan sulfate. Mapping of binding site, molecular and functional characterization, and co-localization in vivo and in vitro. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101892. [PMID: 33607500 PMCID: PMC7900767 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear sulfated disaccharide polymers. Heparin is found mainly in mast cells, while heparan sulfate is found in connective tissue, extracellular matrix and on cell membranes in most tissues. α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a ubiquitous protein with thiol-dependent antioxidant properties, protecting cells and matrix against oxidative damage due to its reductase activities and radical- and heme-binding properties. In this work, it was shown that A1M binds to heparin and HS and can be purified from human plasma by heparin affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The binding strength is inversely dependent of salt concentration and proportional to the degree of sulfation of heparin and HS. Potential heparin binding sites, located on the outside of the barrel-shaped A1M molecule, were determined using hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). Immunostaining of endothelial cells revealed pericellular co-localization of A1M and HS and the staining of A1M was almost completely abolished after treatment with heparinase. A1M and HS were also found to be co-localized in vivo in the lungs, aorta, kidneys and skin of mice. The redox-active thiol group of A1M was unaffected by the binding to HS, and the cell protection and heme-binding abilities of A1M were slightly affected. The discovery of the binding of A1M to heparin and HS provides new insights into the biological role of A1M and represents the basis for a novel method for purification of A1M from plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Bergwik
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Amanda Kristiansson
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Larsson
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Simon Ekström
- Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry (BioMS), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Allhorn
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Wu J, Chopra P, Boons GJ, Zaia J. Influence of saccharide modifications on heparin lyase III substrate specificities. Glycobiology 2021; 32:208-217. [PMID: 33822051 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of 23 synthetic heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharides, varying in chain length, types and positions of modifications, was used to analyze the substrate specificities of heparin lyase III enzymes from both Flavobacterium heparinum and Bacteroides eggerthii. The influence of specific modifications, including N-substitution, 2-O sulfation, 6-O sulfation and 3-O sulfation on lyase III digestion was examined systematically. It was demonstrated that lyase III from both sources can completely digest oligosaccharides lacking O-sulfates. 2-O Sulfation completely blocked cleavage at the corresponding site; 6-O and 3-O sulfation on glucosamine residues inhibited enzyme activity. We also observed that there are differences in substrate specificities between the two lyase III enzymes for highly sulfated oligosaccharides. These findings will facilitate obtaining and analyzing the functional sulfated domains from large HS polymer, to better understand their structure/function relationships in biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Pradeep Chopra
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.,Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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10
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Hinchliffe JD, Parassini Madappura A, Syed Mohamed SMD, Roy I. Biomedical Applications of Bacteria-Derived Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1081. [PMID: 33805506 PMCID: PMC8036740 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastics have found widespread use in the fields of cosmetic, engineering, and medical sciences due to their wide-ranging mechanical and physical properties, as well as suitability in biomedical applications. However, in the light of the environmental cost of further upscaling current methods of synthesizing many plastics, work has recently focused on the manufacture of these polymers using biological methods (often bacterial fermentation), which brings with them the advantages of both low temperature synthesis and a reduced reliance on potentially toxic and non-eco-friendly compounds. This can be seen as a boon in the biomaterials industry, where there is a need for highly bespoke, biocompatible, processable polymers with unique biological properties, for the regeneration and replacement of a large number of tissue types, following disease. However, barriers still remain to the mass-production of some of these polymers, necessitating new research. This review attempts a critical analysis of the contemporary literature concerning the use of a number of bacteria-derived polymers in the context of biomedical applications, including the biosynthetic pathways and organisms involved, as well as the challenges surrounding their mass production. This review will also consider the unique properties of these bacteria-derived polymers, contributing to bioactivity, including antibacterial properties, oxygen permittivity, and properties pertaining to cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Finally, the review will select notable examples in literature to indicate future directions, should the aforementioned barriers be addressed, as well as improvements to current bacterial fermentation methods that could help to address these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (J.D.H.); (A.P.M.); (S.M.D.S.M.)
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11
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Shanthamurthy CD, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Kumar NV, Yehuda S, Amon R, Woods RJ, Padler-Karavani V, Kikkeri R. Heparan Sulfate Mimetics Differentially Affect Homologous Chemokines and Attenuate Cancer Development. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3367-3380. [PMID: 33683903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Achieving selective inhibition of chemokine activity by structurally well-defined heparan sulfate (HS) or HS mimetic molecules can provide important insights into their roles in individual physiological and pathological cellular processes. Here, we report a novel tailor-made HS mimetic, which furnishes an exclusive iduronic acid (IdoA) scaffold with different sulfation patterns and oligosaccharide chain lengths as potential ligands to target chemokines. Notably, highly sulfated-IdoA tetrasaccharide (I-45) exhibited strong binding to CCL2 chemokine thereby blocking CCL2/CCR2-mediated in vitro cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Taken together, IdoA-based HS mimetics offer an alternative HS substrate to generate selective and efficient inhibitors for chemokines and pave the way to a wide range of new therapeutic applications in cancer biology and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan D Shanthamurthy
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, the Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | - Sharon Yehuda
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, the Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ron Amon
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, the Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens 306062 Georgia, United States
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, the Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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12
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Pepi LE, Sanderson P, Stickney M, Amster IJ. Developments in Mass Spectrometry for Glycosaminoglycan Analysis: A Review. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100025. [PMID: 32938749 PMCID: PMC8724624 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r120.002267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers recent developments in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) analysis via mass spectrometry (MS). GAGs participate in a variety of biological functions, including cellular communication, wound healing, and anticoagulation, and are important targets for structural characterization. GAGs exhibit a diverse range of structural features due to the variety of O- and N-sulfation modifications and uronic acid C-5 epimerization that can occur, making their analysis a challenging target. Mass spectrometry approaches to the structure assignment of GAGs have been widely investigated, and new methodologies remain the subject of development. Advances in sample preparation, tandem MS techniques (MS/MS), online separations, and automated analysis software have advanced the field of GAG analysis. These recent developments have led to remarkable improvements in the precision and time efficiency for the structural characterization of GAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Pepi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Morgan Stickney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - I Jonathan Amster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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13
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Lin J, Zheng L, Liang Q, Jiang L, Wei Z. Preparation and characterization of partial de-O-sulfation of heparin oligosaccharide library. Carbohydr Res 2021; 499:108226. [PMID: 33401230 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The O-sulfation, including 2-O- and 6-O-sulfation, in heparan sulfate (HS) have important biological and pathophysiological roles. Therefore, the ability to chemically generate a series of oligosaccharides, which have a similar structure to the naturally-occurring, 2-O- and 6-O-sulfating oligosaccharides from HS, would greatly contribute to investigating their natural role in HS. In this study, a heparin oligosaccharide library, including dp2, dp4 and dp6, were prepared from the chemical modification of the fully sulfated dp2, dp4 and dp6. Chemical reaction conditions were optimized to generate different patterns of 2-O- and 6-O-sulfated oligosaccharides, then the disaccharide composition and structure of the library was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF/MS) analysis. This provides a foundation for further structural and functional studies of O-sulfated groups in HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Lin
- College of Chemistry, Fu Zhou University, FuZhou, 350002, PR China; Institute of Glycobiochemistry, National Engineering Research Centre of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fu Zhou University, FuZhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Liyang Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Fu Zhou University, FuZhou, 350002, PR China; Institute of Glycobiochemistry, National Engineering Research Centre of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fu Zhou University, FuZhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Quntao Liang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fu Zhou University, FuZhou, 350002, PR China.
| | - Lilong Jiang
- Institute of Glycobiochemistry, National Engineering Research Centre of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fu Zhou University, FuZhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Institute of Glycobiochemistry, National Engineering Research Centre of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fu Zhou University, FuZhou, 350002, PR China.
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14
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Dong C, Choi YK, Lee J, Zhang XF, Honerkamp-Smith A, Widmalm G, Lowe-Krentz LJ, Im W. Structure, Dynamics, and Interactions of GPI-Anchored Human Glypican-1 with Heparan Sulfates in a Membrane. Glycobiology 2020; 31:593-602. [PMID: 33021626 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glypican-1 and its heparan sulfate (HS) chains play important roles in modulating many biological processes including growth factor signaling. Glypican-1 is bound to a membrane surface via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor. In this study, we used all-atom molecular modeling and simulation to explore the structure, dynamics, and interactions of GPI-anchored glypican-1, three HS chains, membranes, and ions. The folded glypican-1 core structure is stable, but has substantial degrees of freedom in terms of movement and orientation with respect to the membrane due to the long unstructured C-terminal region linking the core to the GPI-anchor. With unique structural features depending on the extent of sulfation, high flexibility of HS chains can promote multi-site interactions with surrounding molecules near and above the membrane. This study is a first step toward all-atom molecular modeling and simulation of the glycocalyx, as well as its modulation of interactions between growth factors and their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Dong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanicss, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - Yeol Kyo Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - Jumin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - X Frank Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanicss, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | | | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda J Lowe-Krentz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
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15
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Wang J, Bhalla A, Ullman JC, Fang M, Ravi R, Arguello A, Thomsen E, Tsogtbaatar B, Guo JL, Skuja LL, Dugas JC, Davis SS, Poda SB, Gunasekaran K, Costanzo S, Sweeney ZK, Henry AG, Harris JM, Henne KR, Astarita G. High-Throughput Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Quantification of Glycosaminoglycans as Biomarkers of Mucopolysaccharidosis II. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155449. [PMID: 32751752 PMCID: PMC7432392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently developed a blood–brain barrier (BBB)-penetrating enzyme transport vehicle (ETV) fused to the lysosomal enzyme iduronate 2-sulfatase (ETV:IDS) and demonstrated its ability to reduce glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation in the brains of a mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) II. To accurately quantify GAGs, we developed a plate-based high-throughput enzymatic digestion assay coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to simultaneously measure heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate derived disaccharides in tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and individual cell populations isolated from mouse brain. The method offers ultra-high sensitivity enabling quantitation of specific GAG species in as low as 100,000 isolated neurons and a low volume of CSF. With an LOD at 3 ng/mL and LLOQs at 5–10 ng/mL, this method is at least five times more sensitive than previously reported approaches. Our analysis demonstrated that the accumulation of CSF and brain GAGs are in good correlation, supporting the potential use of CSF GAGs as a surrogate biomarker for brain GAGs. The bioanalytical method was qualified through the generation of standard curves in matrix for preclinical studies of CSF, demonstrating the feasibility of this assay for evaluating therapeutic effects of ETV:IDS in future studies and applications in a wide variety of MPS disorders.
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16
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Raghunathan R, Hogan JD, Labadorf A, Myers RH, Zaia J. A glycomics and proteomics study of aging and Parkinson's disease in human brain. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12804. [PMID: 32733076 PMCID: PMC7393382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on Parkinson’s disease mechanisms have shown dysregulated extracellular transport of α-synuclein and growth factors in the extracellular space. In the human brain these consist of perineuronal nets, interstitial matrices, and basement membranes, each composed of a set of collagens, non-collagenous glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and hyaluronan. The manner by which amyloidogenic proteins spread extracellularly, become seeded, oligomerize, and are taken up by cells, depends on intricate interactions with extracellular matrix molecules. We sought to assess the alterations to structure of glycosaminoglycans and proteins that occur in PD brain relative to controls of similar age. We found that PD differs markedly from normal brain in upregulation of extracellular matrix structural components including collagens, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycan binding molecules. We also observed that levels of hemoglobin chains, possibly related to defects in iron metabolism, were enriched in PD brains. These findings shed important new light on disease processes that occur in association with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Raghunathan
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, USA
| | - John D Hogan
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Boston, 02118, USA
| | - Adam Labadorf
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Boston, 02118, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, USA
| | - Richard H Myers
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, USA.,Bioinformatics Program, Boston University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Boston, 02118, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, USA
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany St., Rm. 509, Boston, 02118, USA. .,Bioinformatics Program, Boston University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Boston, 02118, USA.
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17
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Yu Y, Bruzdoski K, Kostousov V, Hensch L, Hui SK, Siddiqui F, Farooqui A, Kouta A, Zhang F, Fareed J, Teruya J, Linhardt RJ. Structural characterization of a clinically described heparin-like substance in plasma causing bleeding. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 244:116443. [PMID: 32536393 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Heparin-like substances (HLS) have been described in various clinical situations, including in settings of liver disease associated with infection, transplant, and metastasis. HLS are generally attributed to circulating glycosaminoglycans. Initial results for this patient showed coagulopathy due to liver disease without HLS. Two weeks after liver transplantation, a 10 year-old female with liver failure patient began to bleed from catheter insertion sites, mouth, and nares and HLS was suspected. The patient subsequently died and these clinical samples resulted in the isolation of a single heparan sulfate (HS) present at high concentrations in the plasma. Analysis of this HS showed it had an intermediate between heparin and HS with low antithrombin-mediated anticoagulant activity. We speculate that this 10-year old patient might have a platelet function defect influenced by this unusual HS. Endothelial defects not measurable by our methods might have also contributed to the observed bleeding complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Karen Bruzdoski
- Division of Transfusion Medicine & Coagulation, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vadim Kostousov
- Division of Transfusion Medicine & Coagulation, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa Hensch
- Division of Transfusion Medicine & Coagulation, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiu-Ki Hui
- Division of Transfusion Medicine & Coagulation, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fakiha Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Amber Farooqui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Ahmed Kouta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Jun Teruya
- Division of Transfusion Medicine & Coagulation, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA; Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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18
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Anand S, Mardhekar S, Raigawali R, Mohanta N, Jain P, D. Shanthamurthy C, Gnanaprakasam B, Kikkeri R. Continuous-Flow Accelerated Sulfation of Heparan Sulfate Intermediates. Org Lett 2020; 22:3402-3406. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Anand
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411 008, India
| | - Sandhya Mardhekar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411 008, India
| | - Rakesh Raigawali
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411 008, India
| | - Nirmala Mohanta
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411 008, India
| | - Prashant Jain
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411 008, India
| | | | - Boopathy Gnanaprakasam
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411 008, India
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411 008, India
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19
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Sethi MK, Downs M, Zaia J. Serial in-solution digestion protocol for mass spectrometry-based glycomics and proteomics analysis. Mol Omics 2020; 16:364-376. [PMID: 32309832 DOI: 10.1039/d0mo00019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advancement in mass spectrometry has revolutionized the field of proteomics. However, there remains a gap in the analysis of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), particularly for glycosylation. Glycosylation, the most common form of PTM, is involved in most biological processes; thus, analysis of glycans along with proteins is crucial to answering important biologically relevant questions. Of particular interest is the brain extracellular matrix (ECM), which has been called the "final Frontier" in neuroscience, which consists of highly glycosylated proteins. Among these, proteoglycans (PGs) contain large glycan structures called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that form crucial ECM components, including perineuronal nets (PNNs), shown to be altered in neuropsychiatric diseases. Thus, there is a growing need for high-throughput methods that combine GAG (glycomics) and PGs (proteomics) analysis to unravel the complete biological picture. The protocol presented here integrates glycomics and proteomics to analyze multiple classes of biomolecules. We use a filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) type serial in-solution digestion of GAG classes, including hyaluronan (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS), followed by peptides. The GAGs and peptides are then cleaned and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This protocol is an efficient and economical way of processing tissue or cell lysates to isolate various GAG classes and peptides from the same sample. The method is more efficient (single-pot) than available parallel (multi-pot) release methods, and removal of GAGs facilitates the identification of the proteins with higher peptide-coverage than using conventional-proteomics. Overall, we demonstrate a high-throughput & efficient protocol for mass spectrometry-based glycomic and proteomic analysis (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017513).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manveen K Sethi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Department of Biochemistry, Boston, 02118, USA.
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20
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Lan Y, Li X, Liu Y, He Y, Hao C, Wang H, Jin L, Zhang G, Zhang S, Zhou A, Zhang L. Pingyangmycin inhibits glycosaminoglycan sulphation in both cancer cells and tumour tissues. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3419-3430. [PMID: 32068946 PMCID: PMC7131950 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pingyangmycin is a clinically used anticancer drug and induces lung fibrosis in certain cancer patients. We previously reported that the negatively charged cell surface glycosaminoglycans are involved in the cellular uptake of the positively charged pingyangmycin. However, it is unknown if pingyangmycin affects glycosaminoglycan structures. Seven cell lines and a Lewis lung carcinoma‐injected C57BL/6 mouse model were used to understand the cytotoxicity of pingyangmycin and its effect on glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. Stable isotope labelling coupled with LC/MS method was used to quantify glycosaminoglycan disaccharide compositions from pingyangmycin‐treated and untreated cell and tumour samples. Pingyangmycin reduced both chondroitin sulphate and heparan sulphate sulphation in cancer cells and in tumours. The effect was persistent at different pingyangmycin concentrations and at different exposure times. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of pingyangmycin was decreased in the presence of soluble glycosaminoglycans, in the glycosaminoglycan‐deficient cell line CHO745, and in the presence of chlorate. A flow cytometry‐based cell surface FGF/FGFR/glycosaminoglycan binding assay also showed that pingyangmycin changed cell surface glycosaminoglycan structures. Changes in the structures of glycosaminoglycans may be related to fibrosis induced by pingyangmycin in certain cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lan
- Systems Biology & Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiulian Li
- Systems Biology & Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Systems Biology & Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanli He
- Systems Biology & Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cui Hao
- Systems Biology & Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Systems Biology & Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liying Jin
- Systems Biology & Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Systems Biology & Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shufeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aimin Zhou
- Clinical Chemistry Program, Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Systems Biology & Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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21
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Robust LC-MS/MS methods for analysis of heparan sulfate levels in CSF and brain for application in studies of MPS IIIA. Bioanalysis 2020; 11:1389-1403. [PMID: 31490106 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Accumulation of heparan sulfate (HS) is associated with the neurodegenerative disorder Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA). Here, we compare HS levels in brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MPS IIIA mice after treatment with a chemically modified sulfamidase (CM-rhSulfamidase). Materials & methods: Two LC-MS/MS methods were adapted from literature methodology, one to measure HS metabolites (HSmet), the other to measure digests of HS after heparinase treatment (HSdig). Results: The HSmet and HSdig methods showed similar relative reduction of HS in brain after CM-rhSulfamidase administration to MPS IIIA mice and the reduction was reflected also in CSF. Conclusion: The results of the two methods correlated and therefore the HSdig method can be used in clinical studies to determine HS levels in CSF from patients with MPS IIIA.
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22
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Zhang N, Li G, Li S, Cai C, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Yu G. Mass spectrometric evidence for the mechanism of free-radical depolymerization of various types of glycosaminoglycans. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 233:115847. [PMID: 32059898 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are large, complex carbohydrate molecules that interact with a wide range of proteins involved in physiological and pathological processes. Several naturally derived GAGs have emerged as potentially useful therapeutics in clinical applications. Natural polysaccharides, however, generally have high molecular weights with a degree of polydispersity, making it difficult to investigate their structural properties. In this study, we establish a free-radical-mediated micro-reaction system and use hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)-Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) to profile the degraded products of various types of GAGs, heparin, chondroitin sulfate A, NS-heparosan, and oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS), to reveal the free-radical degradation mechanism of GAGs. The results show that the bulk fragments of GAGs generated by free-radical degradation can maintain their basic structural units and sulfate substituents. In addition, an abundance of oligomers modified with oxidation at their reducing ends or by dehydration also appeared. We discovered that these modifications were related in terms of the degree of sulfation and the α- or β-linkage of HexNY (Y = SO3- or Ac), and especially that the different linkage of the disaccharide unit is the main factor in modification. In addition, the method based on micro-free-radical reaction and HILIC-FTMS is both effective and sensitive, thus suggesting its broad practical value for the structural characterization and in the biological structure-function studies of GAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Shijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biomedical Engineering, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biomedical Engineering, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China
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23
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Glycosaminoglycans in biological samples – Towards identification of novel biomarkers. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Pawar NJ, Wang L, Higo T, Bhattacharya C, Kancharla PK, Zhang F, Baryal K, Huo C, Liu J, Linhardt RJ, Huang X, Hsieh‐Wilson LC. Expedient Synthesis of Core Disaccharide Building Blocks from Natural Polysaccharides for Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharide Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin J. Pawar
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Takuya Higo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Chandrabali Bhattacharya
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Pavan K. Kancharla
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Chemical and Biological EngineeringCenter for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 USA
| | - Kedar Baryal
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Chang‐Xin Huo
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryEshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Chemical and Biological EngineeringCenter for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Linda C. Hsieh‐Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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25
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Pawar NJ, Wang L, Higo T, Bhattacharya C, Kancharla PK, Zhang F, Baryal K, Huo CX, Liu J, Linhardt RJ, Huang X, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Expedient Synthesis of Core Disaccharide Building Blocks from Natural Polysaccharides for Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharide Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18577-18583. [PMID: 31553820 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The complex sulfation motifs of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HS GAGs) play critical roles in many important biological processes. However, an understanding of their specific functions has been hampered by an inability to synthesize large numbers of diverse, yet defined, HS structures. Herein, we describe a new approach to access the four core disaccharides required for HS/heparin oligosaccharide assembly from natural polysaccharides. The use of disaccharides rather than monosaccharides as minimal precursors greatly accelerates the synthesis of HS GAGs, providing key disaccharide and tetrasaccharide intermediates in about half the number of steps compared to traditional strategies. Rapid access to such versatile intermediates will enable the generation of comprehensive libraries of sulfated oligosaccharides for unlocking the "sulfation code" and understanding the roles of specific GAG structures in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin J Pawar
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Takuya Higo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Chandrabali Bhattacharya
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Pavan K Kancharla
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Kedar Baryal
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Chang-Xin Huo
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Linda C Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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26
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Raghunathan R, Sethi MK, Klein JA, Zaia J. Proteomics, Glycomics, and Glycoproteomics of Matrisome Molecules. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2138-2148. [PMID: 31471497 PMCID: PMC6823855 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r119.001543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The most straightforward applications of proteomics database searching involve intracellular proteins. Although intracellular gene products number in the thousands, their well-defined post-translational modifications (PTMs) makes database searching practical. By contrast, cell surface and extracellular matrisome proteins pass through the secretory pathway where many become glycosylated, modulating their physicochemical properties, adhesive interactions, and diversifying their functions. Although matrisome proteins number only a few hundred, their high degree of complex glycosylation multiplies the number of theoretical proteoforms by orders of magnitude. Given that extracellular networks that mediate cell-cell and cell-pathogen interactions in physiology depend on glycosylation, it is important to characterize the proteomes, glycomes, and glycoproteomes of matrisome molecules that exist in a given biological context. In this review, we summarize proteomics approaches for characterizing matrisome molecules, with an emphasis on applications to brain diseases. We demonstrate the availability of methods that should greatly increase the availability of information on matrisome molecular structure associated with health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Raghunathan
- Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218
| | - Manveen K Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218
| | - Joshua A Klein
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218.
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27
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Raghunathan R, Sethi MK, Zaia J. On-slide tissue digestion for mass spectrometry based glycomic and proteomic profiling. MethodsX 2019; 6:2329-2347. [PMID: 31660297 PMCID: PMC6807300 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a protocol for glycomic and proteomic profiling that uses serial enzyme digestions from the surface of fresh frozen or fixed tissue slides. The abundances of the extracted glycans and peptides are determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In a typical experiment, our method quantifies 14 heparan sulfate disaccharides, 11 chondroitin sulfate disaccharides, 50 N-glycan compositions and approximately 1200 proteins from a 1.8 mm circle, on the surface of a fresh frozen tissue slide from rat brain. Each enzymatic digestion is incubated overnight with direct application of enzyme on the tissue surface. Overall, the sample preparation process for multiple tissue slides takes a day per biomolecule class. This protocol saves time by simultaneous digestion of large N-glycans and small HS disaccharides and subsequent separation using size exclusion chromatography. Compared to wet tissue analysis, this method requires less time by a factor of two. By comparison, MALDI-imaging provides higher spatial resolution of glycans and proteins but lower depth of coverage. MALDI dissociates fragile glycan substituents including sulfates and is not recommended for analysis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Raghunathan
- Boston University, Molecular and Translational Medicine, Boston, 02118, USA
| | - Manveen K Sethi
- Boston University, Dept. of Biochemistry, Boston, 02118, USA
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Boston University, Molecular and Translational Medicine, Boston, 02118, USA.,Boston University, Dept. of Biochemistry, Boston, 02118, USA
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Jacobsen Á, Shi X, Shao C, Eysturskarδ J, Mikalsen SO, Zaia J. Characterization of Glycosaminoglycans in Gaping and Intact Connective Tissues of Farmed Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar) Fillets by Mass Spectrometry. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15337-15347. [PMID: 31572832 PMCID: PMC6761683 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture industry, gaping (the separation of muscle bundles from the connective tissue) is a major quality problem. This study characterized chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS) in the connective tissue of intact and gaping salmon fillets from 30 salmon by mass spectrometry. Statistical difference was detected between gaping and intact tissues only when comparing pairwise samples from the same individual (n = 10). The gaping tissue had a lower content of monosulfated CS disaccharides (p = 0.027), and the relative distribution of CS disaccharides was significantly different (p < 0.05). The HS chains were short (average = 14.09, SD = 4.91), and the intact tissue seemed to have a more uniform HS chain structure compared to the gaping tissue. Time-series samples from the same individuals are recommended for future research to improve the understanding of reasons and implications of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ása Jacobsen
- Aquaculture
Research Station of the Faroe Islands, Viδ Áir, FO-430 Hvalvík, The Faroe Islands
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, Massachusetats 02118, United States
| | - Chun Shao
- Department
of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, Massachusetats 02118, United States
| | - Jonhard Eysturskarδ
- Aquaculture
Research Station of the Faroe Islands, Viδ Áir, FO-430 Hvalvík, The Faroe Islands
| | - Svein-Ole Mikalsen
- Department
of Science and Technology, University of
the Faroe Islands, Vestara
Bryggja 15, FO-100 Tórshavn, The Faroe Islands
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Department
of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, Massachusetats 02118, United States
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Tóth G, Vékey K, Drahos L, Horváth V, Turiák L. Salt and solvent effects in the microscale chromatographic separation of heparan sulfate disaccharides. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1610:460548. [PMID: 31547957 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of heparan sulfate disaccharides poses a real challenge both from chromatographic and mass spectrometric point of view. This necessitates the constant improvement of their analytical methodology. In the present study, the chromatographic effects of solvent composition, salt concentration, and salt type were systematically investigated in isocratic HILIC-WAX separations of heparan sulfate disaccharides. The combined use of 75% acetonitrile with ammonium formate had overall benefits regarding intensity, detection limits, and peak shape for all salt concentrations investigated. Results obtained with the isocratic measurements suggested the potential use of a salt gradient method in order to maximize separation efficiency. A 3-step gradient from 14 mM to 65 mM ammonium formate concentration proved to be ideal for separation and quantitation. The LOD of the resulting method was 0.8-1.5 fmol for the individual disaccharides and the LOQ was between 2.5-5 fmol. Outstanding linearity could be observed up to 2 pmol. This novel combination provided sufficient sensitivity for disaccharide analysis, which was demonstrated by the analysis of heparan sulfate samples from porcine and bovine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Tóth
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Károly Vékey
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viola Horváth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Szent Gellért tér 4., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Turiák
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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Du J, Liu S, Liang Q, Lin J, Jiang L, Chen F, Wei Z. Analysis of Heparan sulfate/heparin from Colla corii asini by liquid chromatography-electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. Glycoconj J 2019; 36:211-218. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yates EA, Gallagher JT, Guerrini M. Introduction to the Molecules Special Edition Entitled ' Heparan Sulfate and Heparin: Challenges and Controversies': Some Outstanding Questions in Heparan Sulfate and Heparin Research. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071399. [PMID: 30974725 PMCID: PMC6479682 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - John T Gallagher
- University of Manchester and Iduron Ltd, Biohub, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK.
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical research, Via G Colombo 81, Milano 20133, Italy.
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Vanheule V, Crijns H, Poosti F, Ruytinx P, Berghmans N, Gerlza T, Ronsse I, Pörtner N, Matthys P, Kungl AJ, Opdenakker G, Struyf S, Proost P. Anti-inflammatory effects of the GAG-binding CXCL9(74-103) peptide in dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity in mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1333-1344. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Vanheule
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Helena Crijns
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Fariba Poosti
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Pieter Ruytinx
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Nele Berghmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Tanja Gerlza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Graz; Graz Austria
- Antagonis Biotherapeutics GmbH; Graz Austria
| | - Isabelle Ronsse
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Noëmie Pörtner
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Andreas J. Kungl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Graz; Graz Austria
- Antagonis Biotherapeutics GmbH; Graz Austria
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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Wang K, Li M, Xiao Y, Ma M, Hu W, Liang T, Lin ZJ. Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for the quantitation of heparan sulfate in human urine. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4294. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Frontage Laboratories Inc.; Exton PA USA
| | - Ming Li
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc.; New Haven CT USA
| | - Yijin Xiao
- Frontage Laboratories Inc.; Exton PA USA
| | - Mark Ma
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc.; New Haven CT USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc.; New Haven CT USA
| | - Tao Liang
- Frontage Laboratories Inc.; Exton PA USA
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A novel LC-MS/MS assay to quantify dermatan sulfate in cerebrospinal fluid as a biomarker for mucopolysaccharidosis II. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:825-838. [PMID: 29863901 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to develop an LC-MS/MS assay to measure dermatan sulfate (DS) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS & RESULTS DS was quantified by ion pairing LC-MS/MS analysis of the major disaccharides derived from chondroitinase B digestion. Artificial CSF was utilized as a surrogate for calibration curve preparation. The assay was fully validated, with a linear range of 20.0-4000 ng/ml, accuracy within ±20%, and precision of ≤20%. CSF samples from mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) II patients showed an average of 11-fold increase in DS levels compared with controls. CONCLUSION The described assay is capable of differentiating DS levels in the CSF of MPS II patients from controls and can be used to monitor disease progression and therapeutic responses.
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35
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Gupta R, Ponnusamy MP. Analysis of sulfates on low molecular weight heparin using mass spectrometry: structural characterization of enoxaparin. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:503-513. [PMID: 29782806 PMCID: PMC10134193 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1480110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Structural characterization of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is critical to meet biosimilarity standards. In this context, the review focuses on structural analysis of labile sulfates attached to the side-groups of LMWH using mass spectrometry. A comprehensive review of this topic will help readers to identify key strategies for tackling the problem related to sulfate loss. At the same time, various mass spectrometry techniques are presented to facilitate compositional analysis of LMWH, mainly enoxaparin. Areas covered: This review summarizes findings on mass spectrometry application for LMWH, including modulation of sulfates, using enzymology and sample preparation approaches. Furthermore, popular open-source software packages for automated spectral data interpretation are also discussed. Successful use of LC/MS can decipher structural composition for LMWH and help evaluate their sameness or biosimilarity with the innovator molecule. Overall, the literature has been searched using PubMed by typing various search queries such as 'enoxaparin', 'mass spectrometry', 'low molecular weight heparin', 'structural characterization', etc. Expert commentary: This section highlights clinically relevant areas that need improvement to achieve satisfactory commercialization of LMWHs. It also primarily emphasizes the advancements in instrumentation related to mass spectrometry, and discusses building automated software for data interpretation and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohitesh Gupta
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , Nebraska , USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , Nebraska , USA.,b Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Buffett Cancer Center , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , Nebraska , USA
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36
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Wu ZL, Huang X, Ethen CM, Tatge T, Pasek M, Zaia J. Non-reducing end labeling of heparan sulfate via click chemistry and a high throughput ELISA assay for heparanase. Glycobiology 2018; 27:518-524. [PMID: 28025251 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide found in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and on the cell membrane. It plays numerous roles in cellular events, including cell growth, migration and differentiation through binding to various growth factors, cytokines and other ECM proteins. Heparanase (HPSE) is an endoglycosidase that cleaves HS in the ECM and cell membrane. By degrading HS, HPSE not only alters the integrity of the ECM but also releases growth factors and angiogenic factors bound to HS chains, therefore, changes various cellular activities, including cell mobility that is critical for cancer metastasis. Accordingly, HPSE is an ideal drug target for cancer therapeutics. Here, we describe a method for non-reducing end labeling of HS via click chemistry (CC), and further use it in a novel HPSE assay. HS chains on a recombinant human syndecan-4 are first labeled at their non-reducing ends with GlcNAz using dimeric HS polymerase EXT1/EXT2. The labeled sample is then biotinylated through CC, immobilized on a multi-well plate and detected with ELISA. HPSE digestion of the biotinylated sample removes the label and, therefore, reduces the signal in ELISA assay. Non-reducing end labeling avoids the interference in an HPSE reaction caused by any internal labeling of HS. The assay is very sensitive with only 2.5 ng of labeled syndecan-4 needed in each reaction. The assay is also highly reproducible with a Z' > 0.6. Overall, this new method is suitable for high-throughput drug screening on HPSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengliang L Wu
- Department of Enzyme, Bio-Techne, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Department of Enzyme, Bio-Techne, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
| | - Cheryl M Ethen
- Department of Enzyme, Bio-Techne, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
| | - Timothy Tatge
- Department of Enzyme, Bio-Techne, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
| | - Marta Pasek
- Department of Protein Purification, Bio-Techne, R&D Systems, Inc. 614 McKinley Place N.E., Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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37
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Sensitive method for glycosaminoglycan analysis of tissue sections. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1544:41-48. [PMID: 29506752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple, isocratic HPLC method based on HILIC-WAX separation, has been developed for analyzing sulfated disaccharides of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). To our best knowledge, this is the first successful attempt using this special phase in nano-HPLC-MS analysis. Mass spectrometry was based on negative ionization, improving both sensitivity and specificity. Detection limit for most sulfated disaccharides were approximately 1 fmol; quantitation limits 10 fmol. The method was applied for glycosaminoglycan profiling of tissue samples, using surface digestion protocols. This novel combination provides sufficient sensitivity for GAG disaccharide analysis, which was first performed using prostate cancer tissue microarrays. Preliminary results show that GAG analysis may be useful for identifying cancer related changes in small amounts of tissue samples (ca. 10 μg).
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38
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Oshima K, Haeger SM, Hippensteel JA, Herson PS, Schmidt EP. More than a biomarker: the systemic consequences of heparan sulfate fragments released during endothelial surface layer degradation (2017 Grover Conference Series). Pulm Circ 2017; 8:2045893217745786. [PMID: 29199903 PMCID: PMC5731723 DOI: 10.1177/2045893217745786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in tissue fixation and imaging techniques have yielded increasing appreciation for the glycosaminoglycan-rich endothelial glycocalyx and its in vivo manifestation, the endothelial surface layer (ESL). Pathological loss of the ESL during critical illness promotes local endothelial dysfunction and, consequently, organ injury. Glycosaminoglycan fragments, such as heparan sulfate, are released into the plasma of animals and humans after ESL degradation and have thus served as a biomarker of endothelial injury. The development of state-of-the-art glycomic techniques, however, has revealed that these circulating heparan sulfate fragments are capable of influencing growth factor and other signaling pathways distant to the site of ESL injury. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning the local (i.e. endothelial injury) and systemic (i.e. para- or endocrine) consequences of ESL degradation and identifies opportunities for future, novel investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Oshima
- 1 129263 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sarah M Haeger
- 1 129263 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Paco S Herson
- 2 129263 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric P Schmidt
- 1 129263 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.,3 Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
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Antia IU, Mathew K, Yagnik DR, Hills FA, Shah AJ. Analysis of procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate disaccharides in biological samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:131-143. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Antia IU, Yagnik DR, Pantoja Munoz L, Shah AJ, Hills FA. Heparan sulfate disaccharide measurement from biological samples using pre-column derivatization, UPLC-MS and single ion monitoring. Anal Biochem 2017; 530:17-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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41
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Valcarcel J, Novoa-Carballal R, Pérez-Martín RI, Reis RL, Vázquez JA. Glycosaminoglycans from marine sources as therapeutic agents. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:711-725. [PMID: 28739506 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in marine animals are different to those of terrestrial organisms, mainly in terms of molecular weight and sulfation. The therapeutic properties of GAGs are related to their ability to interact with proteins, which is very much influenced by sulfation position and patterns. Since currently GAGs cannot be chemically synthesized, they are sourced from natural products, with high intra- but also inter-species variability, in terms of chain length, disaccharide composition and sulfation pattern. Consequently, sulfated GAGs are the most interesting molecules in the marine environment and constitute the focus of the present review. In particular, chondroitin sulfate (CS) appears as the most promising compound. CS-E chains [GlcA-GalNAc(4S,6S)] extracted from squid possess antiviral and anti-metastatic activities and seem to impart signalling properties and improve the mechanical performance of cartilage engineering constructs; Squid CS-E and octopus CS-K [GlcA(3S)-GalNAc(4S)], dermatan sulfate (DS) from sea squirts [-iK units, IdoA(3S)-GalNAc(4S)] and sea urchins [-iE units, IdoA-GalNAc(4S,6S)] and hybrids CS/DS from sharks (-B/iB [GlcA/IdoA(2S)-GalNAc(4S)], -D/iD [GlcA/IdoA(2S)-GalNAc(6S)] and -E/iE units [GlcA/IdoA-GalNAc(4S,6S)]) promote neurite outgrowth and could be valuable materials for nerve regeneration. Also displaying antiviral and anti-metastatic properties, a rare CS with fucosylated branches isolated from sea cucumbers is an anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory agent. In this same line, marine heparin extracted from shrimp and sea squirt has proven anti-inflammatory properties, with the added advantage of decreased risk of bleeding because of its low anticoagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Valcarcel
- Group of Recycling and Valorisation of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; Group of Food Biochemistry, Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Ramon Novoa-Carballal
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Ave Park, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT, Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ricardo I Pérez-Martín
- Group of Food Biochemistry, Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Ave Park, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT, Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - José Antonio Vázquez
- Group of Recycling and Valorisation of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
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Vanheule V, Boff D, Mortier A, Janssens R, Petri B, Kolaczkowska E, Kubes P, Berghmans N, Struyf S, Kungl AJ, Teixeira MM, Amaral FA, Proost P. CXCL9-Derived Peptides Differentially Inhibit Neutrophil Migration In Vivo through Interference with Glycosaminoglycan Interactions. Front Immunol 2017; 8:530. [PMID: 28539925 PMCID: PMC5423902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases are driven by accumulation of activated leukocytes due to enhanced chemokine expression. In addition to specific G protein-coupled receptor-dependent signaling, chemokine-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) interactions are important for chemokine activity in vivo. Therefore, the GAG-chemokine interaction has been explored as target for inhibition of chemokine activity. It was demonstrated that CXCL9(74-103) binds with high affinity to GAGs, competed with active chemokines for GAG binding and thereby inhibited CXCL8- and monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced neutrophil migration to joints. To evaluate the affinity and specificity of the COOH-terminal part of CXCL9 toward different GAGs in detail, we chemically synthesized several COOH-terminal CXCL9 peptides including the shorter CXCL9(74-93). Compared to CXCL9(74-103), CXCL9(74-93) showed equally high affinity for heparin and heparan sulfate (HS), but lower affinity for binding to chondroitin sulfate (CS) and cellular GAGs. Correspondingly, both peptides competed with equal efficiency for CXCL8 binding to heparin and HS but not to cellular GAGs. In addition, differences in anti-inflammatory activity between both peptides were detected in vivo. CXCL8-induced neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity and to the knee joint were inhibited with similar potency by intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of CXCL9(74-103) or CXCL9(74-93), but not by CXCL9(86-103). In contrast, neutrophil extravasation in the MSU crystal-induced gout model, in which multiple chemoattractants are induced, was not affected by CXCL9(74-93). This could be explained by (1) the lower affinity of CXCL9(74-93) for CS, the most abundant GAG in joints, and (2) by reduced competition with GAG binding of CXCL1, the most abundant ELR+ CXC chemokine in this gout model. Mechanistically we showed by intravital microscopy that fluorescent CXCL9(74-103) coats the vessel wall in vivo and that CXCL9(74-103) inhibits CXCL8-induced adhesion of neutrophils to the vessel wall in the murine cremaster muscle model. Thus, both affinity and specificity of chemokines and the peptides for different GAGs and the presence of specific GAGs in different tissues will determine whether competition can occur. In summary, both CXCL9 peptides inhibited neutrophil migration in vivo through interference with GAG interactions in several animal models. Shortening CXCL9(74-103) from the COOH-terminus limited its GAG-binding spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Vanheule
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daiane Boff
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anneleen Mortier
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Janssens
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Björn Petri
- Mouse Phenomics Resource Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Elzbieta Kolaczkowska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Kubes
- Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nele Berghmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas J. Kungl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens Universität, Graz, Austria
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flavio Almeida Amaral
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Miller RL, Guimond SE, Shivkumar M, Blocksidge J, Austin JA, Leary JA, Turnbull JE. Heparin Isomeric Oligosaccharide Separation Using Volatile Salt Strong Anion Exchange Chromatography. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11542-11550. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Miller
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
- Departments
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Scott E. Guimond
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Maitreyi Shivkumar
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Jemma Blocksidge
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Austin
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A. Leary
- Departments
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
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Melleby AO, Strand ME, Romaine A, Herum KM, Skrbic B, Dahl CP, Sjaastad I, Fiane AE, Filmus J, Christensen G, Lunde IG. The Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Glypican-6 Is Upregulated in the Failing Heart, and Regulates Cardiomyocyte Growth through ERK1/2 Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165079. [PMID: 27768722 PMCID: PMC5074531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload is a frequent cause of heart failure. Heart failure affects millions of patients worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Cell surface proteoglycans are emerging as molecular players in cardiac remodeling, and increased knowledge about their regulation and function is needed for improved understanding of cardiac pathogenesis. Here we investigated glypicans (GPC1-6), a family of evolutionary conserved heparan sulfate proteoglycans anchored to the extracellular leaflet of the cell membrane, in experimental and clinical heart failure, and explored the function of glypican-6 in cardiac cells in vitro. In mice subjected to pressure overload by aortic banding (AB), we observed elevated glypican-6 levels during hypertrophic remodeling and dilated, end-stage heart failure. Consistently, glypican-6 mRNA was elevated in left ventricular myocardium from explanted hearts of patients with end-stage, dilated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Glypican-6 levels correlated negatively with left ventricular ejection fraction in patients, and positively with lung weight after AB in mice. Glypican-6 mRNA was expressed in both cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, and the corresponding protein displayed different sizes in the two cell types due to tissue-specific glycanation. Importantly, adenoviral overexpression of glypican-6 in cultured cardiomyocytes increased protein synthesis and induced mRNA levels of the pro-hypertrophic signature gene ACTA1 and the hypertrophy and heart failure signature genes encoding natriuretic peptides, NPPA and NPPB. Overexpression of GPC6 induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and co-treatment with the ERK inhibitor U0126 attenuated the GPC6-induced increase in NPPA, NPPB and protein synthesis. In conclusion, our data suggests that glypican-6 plays a role in clinical and experimental heart failure progression by regulating cardiomyocyte growth through ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne O. Melleby
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Mari E. Strand
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Romaine
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kate M. Herum
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Biljana Skrbic
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christen P. Dahl
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arnt E. Fiane
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorge Filmus
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G. Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Suhovskih AV, Domanitskaya NV, Tsidulko AY, Prudnikova TY, Kashuba VI, Grigorieva EV. Tissue-specificity of heparan sulfate biosynthetic machinery in cancer. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 9:452-9. [PMID: 26120938 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1049801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans are key components of cell microenvironment and fine structure of their polysaccharide HS chains plays an important role in cell-cell interactions, adhesion, migration and signaling. It is formed on non-template basis, so, structure and functional activity of HS biosynthetic machinery is crucial for correct HS biosynthesis and post-synthetic modification. To reveal cancer-related changes in transcriptional pattern of HS biosynthetic system, the expression of HS metabolism-involved genes (EXT1/2, NDST1/2, GLCE, 3OST1/HS3ST1, SULF1/2, HPSE) in human normal (fibroblasts, PNT2) and cancer (MCF7, LNCaP, PC3, DU145, H157, H647, A549, U2020, U87, HT116, KRC/Y) cell lines and breast, prostate, colon tumors was studied. Real-time RT-PCR and Western-blot analyses revealed specific transcriptional patterns and expression levels of HS biosynthetic system both in different cell lines in vitro and cancers in vivo. Balance between transcriptional activities of elongation- and post-synthetic modification- involved genes was suggested as most informative parameter for HS biosynthetic machinery characterization. Normal human fibroblasts showed elongation-oriented HS biosynthesis, while PNT2 prostate epithelial cells had modification-oriented one. However, cancer epithelial cells demonstrated common tendency to acquire fibroblast-like elongation-oriented mode of HS biosynthetic system. Surprisingly, aggressive metastatic cancer cells (U2020, DU145, KRC/Y) retained modification-oriented HS biosynthesis similar to normal PNT2 cells, possibly enabling the cells to keep like-to-normal cell surface glycosylation pattern to escape antimetastatic control. The obtained results show the cell type-specific changes of HS-biosynthetic machinery in cancer cells in vitro and tissue-specific changes in different cancers in vivo, supporting a close involvement of HS biosynthetic system in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Suhovskih
- a Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics SD RAMS ; Novosibirsk , Russia.,b Novosibirsk State University ; Novosibirsk , Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Elvira V Grigorieva
- a Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics SD RAMS ; Novosibirsk , Russia.,b Novosibirsk State University ; Novosibirsk , Russia.,c MTC; Karolinska Institute ; Stockholm , Sweden
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46
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Du JY, Chen LR, Liu S, Lin JH, Liang QT, Lyon M, Wei Z. Ion-pairing liquid chromatography with on-line electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry for the structural analysis of N-unsubstituted heparin/heparan sulfate. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1028:71-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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He Y, Lan Y, Liu Y, Yu H, Han Z, Li X, Zhang L. Pingyangmycin and Bleomycin Share the Same Cytotoxicity Pathway. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070862. [PMID: 27376254 PMCID: PMC6274306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pingyangmycin is an anticancer drug known as bleomycin A5 (A5), discovered in the Pingyang County of Zhejiang Province of China. Bleomycin (BLM) is a mixture of mainly two compounds (A2 and B2), which is on the World Health Organization’s list of essential medicines. Both BLM and A5 are hydrophilic molecules that depend on transporters or endocytosis receptors to get inside of cells. Once inside, the anticancer activities rely on their abilities to produce DNA breaks, thus leading to cell death. Interestingly, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BLMs in different cancer cell lines varies from nM to μM ranges. Different cellular uptake, DNA repair rate, and/or increased drug detoxification might be some of the reasons; however, the molecules and signaling pathways responsible for these processes are largely unknown. In the current study, we purified the A2 and B2 from the BLM and tested the cytotoxicities and the molecular mechanisms of each individual compound or in combination with six different cell lines, including a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line defective in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. Our data suggested that glycosaminoglycans might be involved in the cellular uptake of BLMs. Moreover, both BLM and A5 shared similar signaling pathways and are involved in cell cycle and apoptosis in different cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli He
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Ying Lan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Haibo Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China.
| | - Zhangrun Han
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiulian Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Takase H, Tanaka M, Yamamoto A, Watanabe S, Takahashi S, Nadanaka S, Kitagawa H, Yamada T, Mukai T. Structural requirements of glycosaminoglycans for facilitating amyloid fibril formation of human serum amyloid A. Amyloid 2016; 23:67-75. [PMID: 27097047 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2016.1168292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a precursor protein of amyloid fibrils. Given that heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan (GAG), is detected in amyloid deposits, it has been suggested that GAG is a key component of amyloid fibril formation. We previously reported that heparin (an analog of HS) facilitates the fibril formation of SAA, but the structural requirements remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the structural requirements of GAGs for facilitating the amyloid fibril formation of SAA. Spectroscopic analyses using structurally diverse GAG analogs suggested that the fibril formation of SAA was facilitated irrespective of the backbone structure of GAGs; however, the facilitating effect was strongly correlated with the degree of sulfation. Microscopic analyses revealed that the morphologies of SAA aggregates were modulated by the GAGs. The HS molecule, which is less sulfated than heparin but contains highly sulfated domains, exhibited a relatively high potential to facilitate fibril formation compared to other GAGs. The length dependence of fragmented heparins on the facilitating effect suggested that a high density of sulfate groups is also required. These results indicate that not only the degree of sulfation but also the lengths of sulfated domains in GAG play important roles in fibril formation of SAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroka Takase
- a Department of Biophysical Chemistry , Kobe Pharmaceutical University , Kobe , Japan
| | - Masafumi Tanaka
- a Department of Biophysical Chemistry , Kobe Pharmaceutical University , Kobe , Japan
| | - Aki Yamamoto
- a Department of Biophysical Chemistry , Kobe Pharmaceutical University , Kobe , Japan
| | - Shiori Watanabe
- a Department of Biophysical Chemistry , Kobe Pharmaceutical University , Kobe , Japan
| | - Sanae Takahashi
- a Department of Biophysical Chemistry , Kobe Pharmaceutical University , Kobe , Japan
| | - Satomi Nadanaka
- b Department of Biochemistry , Kobe Pharmaceutical University , Kobe , Japan , and
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- b Department of Biochemistry , Kobe Pharmaceutical University , Kobe , Japan , and
| | - Toshiyuki Yamada
- c Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine , Jichi Medical University , Shimotsuke , Japan
| | - Takahiro Mukai
- a Department of Biophysical Chemistry , Kobe Pharmaceutical University , Kobe , Japan
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A novel LC-MS/MS assay for heparan sulfate screening in the cerebrospinal fluid of mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA patients. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:285-95. [PMID: 26847798 DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heparan sulfate (HS) accumulates in the central nervous system in mucopolysaccharidosis III type A (MPS IIIA). A validated LC-MS/MS assay was developed to measure HS in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS & RESULTS HS was extracted and digested and the resultant disaccharides were derivatized with a novel label, 4-butylaniline, enabling isoform separation and isotope-tagged analog introduction as an internal standard for LC-MS/MS. The assay has a LLOQ for disaccharides of 0.1 μM, ±20% accuracy and ≤20% precision. CSF samples from patients with MPS IIIA showed elevated HS levels (mean 4.9 μM) compared with negative controls (0.37 μM). CONCLUSION This assay detected elevated HS levels in the CSF of patients with MPS IIIA and provides a method to assess experimental therapies.
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50
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Fu L, Suflita M, Linhardt RJ. Bioengineered heparins and heparan sulfates. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:237-49. [PMID: 26555370 PMCID: PMC4753095 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfates are closely related linear anionic polysaccharides, called glycosaminoglycans, which exhibit a number of important biological and pharmacological activities. These polysaccharides, having complex structures and polydispersity, are biosynthesized in the Golgi of animal cells. While heparan sulfate is a widely distributed membrane and extracellular glycosaminoglycan, heparin is found primarily intracellularly in the granules of mast cells. While heparin has historically received most of the scientific attention for its anticoagulant activity, interest has steadily grown in the multi-faceted role heparan sulfate plays in normal and pathophysiology. The chemical synthesis of these glycosaminoglycans is largely precluded by their structural complexity. Today, we depend on livestock animal tissues for the isolation and the annual commercial production of hundred ton quantities of heparin used in the manufacture of anticoagulant drugs and medical device coatings. The variability of animal-sourced heparin and heparan sulfates, their inherent impurities, the limited availability of source tissues, the poor control of these source materials and their manufacturing processes, suggest a need for new approaches for their production. Over the past decade there have been major efforts in the biotechnological production of these glycosaminoglycans, driven by both therapeutic applications and as probes to study their natural functions. This review focuses on the complex biology of these glycosaminoglycans in human health and disease, and the use of recombinant technology in the chemoenzymatic synthesis and metabolic engineering of heparin and heparan sulfates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 121806, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 121806, USA
| | - Matthew Suflita
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 121806, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 121806, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 121806, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 121806, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 121806, USA
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