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Ye J, Wan H, Chen S, Liu GP. Targeting tau in Alzheimer's disease: from mechanisms to clinical therapy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1489-1498. [PMID: 38051891 PMCID: PMC10883484 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease affecting older adults. Primary features of Alzheimer's disease include extracellular aggregation of amyloid-β plaques and the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles, formed by tau protein, in the cells. While there are amyloid-β-targeting therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, these therapies are costly and exhibit potential negative side effects. Mounting evidence suggests significant involvement of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease-related neurodegeneration. As an important microtubule-associated protein, tau plays an important role in maintaining the stability of neuronal microtubules and promoting axonal growth. In fact, clinical studies have shown that abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein occurs before accumulation of amyloid-β in the brain. Various therapeutic strategies targeting tau protein have begun to emerge, and are considered possible methods to prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, abnormalities in post-translational modifications of the tau protein, including aberrant phosphorylation, ubiquitination, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)ylation, acetylation, and truncation, contribute to its microtubule dissociation, misfolding, and subcellular missorting. This causes mitochondrial damage, synaptic impairments, gliosis, and neuroinflammation, eventually leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. This review summarizes the recent findings on the underlying mechanisms of tau protein in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease and discusses tau-targeted treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwang Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huali Wan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sihua Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gong-Ping Liu
- Co-innovation Center of Neurodegeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Astillero‐Lopez V, Villar‐Conde S, Gonzalez‐Rodriguez M, Flores‐Cuadrado A, Ubeda‐Banon I, Saiz‐Sanchez D, Martinez‐Marcos A. Proteomic analysis identifies HSP90AA1, PTK2B, and ANXA2 in the human entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer's disease: Potential role in synaptic homeostasis and Aβ pathology through microglial and astroglial cells. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13235. [PMID: 38247340 PMCID: PMC11189773 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, is clinically characterized by cognitive deficits. Neuropathologically, AD brains accumulate deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins. Furthermore, these misfolded proteins can propagate from cell to cell in a prion-like manner and induce native proteins to become pathological. The entorhinal cortex (EC) is among the earliest areas affected by tau accumulation along with volume reduction and neurodegeneration. Neuron-glia interactions have recently come into focus; however, the role of microglia and astroglia in the pathogenesis of AD remains unclear. Proteomic approaches allow the determination of changes in the proteome to better understand the pathology underlying AD. Bioinformatic analysis of proteomic data was performed to compare ECs from AD and non-AD human brain tissue. To validate the proteomic results, western blot, immunofluorescence, and confocal studies were carried out. The findings revealed that the most disturbed signaling pathway was synaptogenesis. Because of their involvement in synapse function, relationship with Aβ and tau proteins and interactions in the pathway analysis, three proteins were selected for in-depth study: HSP90AA1, PTK2B, and ANXA2. All these proteins showed colocalization with neurons and/or astroglia and microglia and with pathological Aβ and tau proteins. In particular, ANXA2, which is overexpressed in AD, colocalized with amoeboid microglial cells and Aβ plaques surrounded by astrocytes. Taken together, the evidence suggests that unbalanced expression of HSP90AA1, PTK2B, and ANXA2 may play a significant role in synaptic homeostasis and Aβ pathology through microglial and astroglial cells in the human EC in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Astillero‐Lopez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha (UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla‐La Mancha (IDISCAM)Castilla‐La ManchaSpain
| | - Sandra Villar‐Conde
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha (UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla‐La Mancha (IDISCAM)Castilla‐La ManchaSpain
| | - Melania Gonzalez‐Rodriguez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha (UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla‐La Mancha (IDISCAM)Castilla‐La ManchaSpain
| | - Alicia Flores‐Cuadrado
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha (UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla‐La Mancha (IDISCAM)Castilla‐La ManchaSpain
| | - Isabel Ubeda‐Banon
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha (UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla‐La Mancha (IDISCAM)Castilla‐La ManchaSpain
| | - Daniel Saiz‐Sanchez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha (UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla‐La Mancha (IDISCAM)Castilla‐La ManchaSpain
| | - Alino Martinez‐Marcos
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha (UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla‐La Mancha (IDISCAM)Castilla‐La ManchaSpain
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Ramos-Campoy O, Comas-Albertí A, Hervás D, Borrego-Écija S, Bosch B, Sandoval J, Fort-Aznar L, Moreno-Izco F, Fernández-Villullas G, Molina-Porcel L, Balasa M, Lladó A, Sánchez-Valle R, Antonell A. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation in Early-Onset-Dementia Patients Brain Tissue and Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5445. [PMID: 38791483 PMCID: PMC11121630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics, a potential underlying pathogenic mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases, has been in the scope of several studies performed so far. However, there is a gap in regard to analyzing different forms of early-onset dementia and the use of Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). We performed a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis on sixty-four samples (from the prefrontal cortex and LCLs) including those taken from patients with early-onset forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and healthy controls. A beta regression model and adjusted p-values were used to obtain differentially methylated positions (DMPs) via pairwise comparisons. A correlation analysis of DMP levels with Clariom D array gene expression data from the same cohort was also performed. The results showed hypermethylation as the most frequent finding in both tissues studied in the patient groups. Biological significance analysis revealed common pathways altered in AD and FTD patients, affecting neuron development, metabolism, signal transduction, and immune system pathways. These alterations were also found in LCL samples, suggesting the epigenetic changes might not be limited to the central nervous system. In the brain, CpG methylation presented an inverse correlation with gene expression, while in LCLs, we observed mainly a positive correlation. This study enhances our understanding of the biological pathways that are associated with neurodegeneration, describes differential methylation patterns, and suggests LCLs are a potential cell model for studying neurodegenerative diseases in earlier clinical phases than brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Ramos-Campoy
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Comas-Albertí
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Hervás
- Department of Applied Statistics and Operations Research and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergi Borrego-Écija
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bosch
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Sandoval
- Epigenomics Core Facility, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Fort-Aznar
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fermín Moreno-Izco
- Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biogipuzkoa, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Fernández-Villullas
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Neurological Tissue Bank, Biobank-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mircea Balasa
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Lladó
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Antonell
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Bischof L, Schweitzer F, Heinisch JJ. Functional Conservation of the Small GTPase Rho5/Rac1-A Tale of Yeast and Men. Cells 2024; 13:472. [PMID: 38534316 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases are molecular switches that participate in many essential cellular processes. Amongst them, human Rac1 was first described for its role in regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell migration, with a close relation to carcinogenesis. More recently, the role of Rac1 in regulating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), both as a subunit of NADPH oxidase complexes and through its association with mitochondrial functions, has drawn attention. Malfunctions in this context affect cellular plasticity and apoptosis, related to neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. Some of these features of Rac1 are conserved in its yeast homologue Rho5. Here, we review the structural and functional similarities and differences between these two evolutionary distant proteins and propose yeast as a useful model and a device for high-throughput screens for specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnet Bischof
- AG Genetik, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Franziska Schweitzer
- AG Genetik, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Heinisch
- AG Genetik, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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5
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Younas A, Younas N, Iqbal MJ, Ferrer I, Zerr I. Comparative interactome mapping of Tau-protein in classical and rapidly progressive Alzheimer's disease identifies subtype-specific pathways. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2024; 50:e12964. [PMID: 38374702 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Tau is a key player in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other Tauopathies. Tau pathology in the brain directly correlates with neurodegeneration in AD. The recent identification of a rapid variant of AD demands an urgent need to uncover underlying mechanisms leading to differential progression in AD. Accordingly, we aimed to dissect the underlying differential mechanisms of toxicity associated with the Tau protein in AD subtypes and to find out subtype-dependent biomarkers and therapeutic targets. METHODS To identify and characterise subtype-specific Tau-associated mechanisms of pathology, we performed comparative interactome mapping of Tau protein in classical AD (cAD) and rapidly progressive AD (rpAD) cases using co-immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometry data were extensively analysed using several bioinformatics approaches. RESULTS The comparative interactome mapping of Tau protein revealed distinct and unique interactors (DPYSL4, ARHGEF2, TUBA4A and UQCRC2) in subtypes of AD. Interestingly, an analysis of the Tau-interacting proteins indicated enrichment of mitochondrial organisation processes, including negative regulation of mitochondrion organisation, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation involved in programmed cell death, regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion and necroptotic processes, specifically in the rpAD interactome. While, in cAD, the top enriched processes were related to oxidation-reduction process, transport and monocarboxylic acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results provide a comprehensive map of Tau-interacting protein networks in a subtype-dependent manner and shed light on differential functions/pathways in AD subtypes. This comprehensive map of the Tau-interactome has provided subsets of disease-related proteins that can serve as novel biomarkers/biomarker panels and new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Younas
- National Reference Center for Surveillance of TSE, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Neelam Younas
- National Reference Center for Surveillance of TSE, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Javed Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Inga Zerr
- National Reference Center for Surveillance of TSE, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Wang Y, Yang Z, Wang R, Zheng Y, Han Z, Fan J, Yan F, Liu P, Luo Y. Annexin A6 mitigates neurological deficit in ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting synaptic plasticity. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14639. [PMID: 38380783 PMCID: PMC10880127 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alleviating neurological dysfunction caused by acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains intractable. Given Annexin A6 (ANXA6)'s potential in promoting axon branching and repairing cell membranes, the study aimed to explore ANXA6's potential in alleviating AIS-induced neurological dysfunction. METHODS A mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established. Brain and plasma ANXA6 levels were detected at different timepoints post ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). We overexpressed and down-regulated brain ANXA6 and evaluated infarction volume, neurological function, and synaptic plasticity-related proteins post I/R. Plasma ANXA6 levels were measured in patients with AIS and healthy controls, investigating ANXA6 expression's clinical significance. RESULTS Brain ANXA6 levels initially decreased, gradually returning to normal post I/R; plasma ANXA6 levels showed an opposite trend. ANXA6 overexpression significantly decreased the modified neurological severity score (p = 0.0109) 1 day post I/R and the infarction area at 1 day (p = 0.0008) and 7 day (p = 0.0013) post I/R, and vice versa. ANXA6 positively influenced synaptic plasticity, upregulating synaptophysin (p = 0.006), myelin basic protein (p = 0.010), neuroligin (p = 0.078), and tropomyosin-related kinase B (p = 0.150). Plasma ANXA6 levels were higher in patients with AIS (1.969 [1.228-3.086]) compared to healthy controls (1.249 [0.757-2.226]) (p < 0.001), that served as an independent risk factor for poor AIS outcomes (2.120 [1.563-3.023], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to suggest that ANXA6 enhances synaptic plasticity and protects against transient cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhenhong Yang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Rongliang Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yangmin Zheng
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ziping Han
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Junfen Fan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yumin Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
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Giusti V, Kaur G, Giusto E, Civiero L. Brain clearance of protein aggregates: a close-up on astrocytes. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:5. [PMID: 38229094 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding and accumulation defines a prevailing feature of many neurodegenerative disorders, finally resulting in the formation of toxic intra- and extracellular aggregates. Intracellular aggregates can enter the extracellular space and be subsequently transferred among different cell types, thus spreading between connected brain districts.Although microglia perform a predominant role in the removal of extracellular aggregated proteins, mounting evidence suggests that astrocytes actively contribute to the clearing process. However, the molecular mechanisms used by astrocytes to remove misfolded proteins are still largely unknown.Here we first provide a brief overview of the progressive transition from soluble monomers to insoluble fibrils that characterizes amyloid proteins, referring to α-Synuclein and Tau as archetypical examples. We then highlight the mechanisms at the basis of astrocyte-mediated clearance with a focus on their potential ability to recognize, collect, internalize and digest extracellular protein aggregates. Finally, we explore the potential of targeting astrocyte-mediated clearance as a future therapeutic approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by protein misfolding and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gurkirat Kaur
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Laura Civiero
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
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Gonzalez‐Rodriguez M, Villar‐Conde S, Astillero‐Lopez V, Villanueva‐Anguita P, Ubeda‐Banon I, Flores‐Cuadrado A, Martinez‐Marcos A, Saiz‐Sanchez D. Human amygdala involvement in Alzheimer's disease revealed by stereological and dia-PASEF analysis. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13180. [PMID: 37331354 PMCID: PMC10467039 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of pathological amyloid-β (Aβ) and Tau proteins. According to the prion-like hypothesis, both proteins can seed and disseminate through brain regions through neural connections and glial cells. The amygdaloid complex (AC) is involved early in the disease, and its widespread connections with other brain regions indicate that it is a hub for propagating pathology. To characterize changes in the AC as well as the involvement of neuronal and glial cells in AD, a combined stereological and proteomic analysis was performed in non-Alzheimer's disease and AD human samples. The synaptic alterations identified by proteomic data analysis could be related to the volume reduction observed in AD by the Cavalieri probe without neuronal loss. The pathological markers appeared in a gradient pattern with the medial region (cortical nucleus, Co) being more affected than lateral regions, suggesting the relevance of connections in the distribution of the pathology among different brain regions. Generalized astrogliosis was observed in every AC nucleus, likely related to deposits of pathological proteins. Astrocytes might mediate phagocytic microglial activation, whereas microglia might play a dual role since protective and toxic phenotypes have been described. These results highlight the potential participation of the amygdala in the disease spreading from/to olfactory areas, the temporal lobe and beyond. Proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD038322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Gonzalez‐Rodriguez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad RealSpain
| | - Sandra Villar‐Conde
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad RealSpain
| | - Veronica Astillero‐Lopez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad RealSpain
| | - Patricia Villanueva‐Anguita
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad RealSpain
| | - Isabel Ubeda‐Banon
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad RealSpain
| | - Alicia Flores‐Cuadrado
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad RealSpain
| | - Alino Martinez‐Marcos
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad RealSpain
| | - Daniel Saiz‐Sanchez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaCiudad RealSpain
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9
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Shama Bhat G, Shaik Mohammad F. Computational Fragment-Based Design of Phytochemical Derivatives as EGFR Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300681. [PMID: 37399183 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a potential target with disease modifying benefits against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Repurposing of FDA approved drugs against EGFR have shown beneficial effect against AD but are confined to quinazoline, quinoline and aminopyrimidines. Futuristically, the possibility of acquiring drug resistance mutation as seen in the case of cancer could also hamper AD treatment. To identify novel chemical scaffolds, we rooted on phytochemicals identified from plants such as Acorus calamus, Bacopa monnieri, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Tinospora cordifloia, and Withania somnifera that have well-established records in the treatment of brain disorders. The rationale was to mimic the biosynthetic metabolite extension process observed in the plants for synthesizing new phytochemical derivates. Thus, novel compounds were designed computationally by fragment-based method followed by extensive in silico analysis to pick potential phytochemical derivates. PCD1, 8 and 10 were predicted to have better blood brain barrier permeability. ADMET and SoM analysis suggested that these PCDs exhibited druglike properties. Further simulation studies showed that PCD1 and PCD8 stably interact with EGFR and have the potential to be used even in cases of drug-resistance mutations. With further experimental evidence, these PCDs could be leveraged as potential inhibitors of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Shama Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Fayaz Shaik Mohammad
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
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10
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Bulgart HR, Goncalves I, Weisleder N. Leveraging Plasma Membrane Repair Therapeutics for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:1660. [PMID: 37371130 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane repair is an essential cellular mechanism that reseals membrane disruptions after a variety of insults, and compromised repair capacity can contribute to the progression of many diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are marked by membrane damage from many sources, reduced membrane integrity, elevated intracellular calcium concentrations, enhanced reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and widespread neuronal death. While the toxic intracellular effects of these changes in cellular physiology have been defined, the specific mechanism of neuronal death in certain neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear. An abundance of recent evidence indicates that neuronal membrane damage and pore formation in the membrane are key contributors to neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. In this review, we have outlined evidence supporting the hypothesis that membrane damage is a contributor to neurodegenerative diseases and that therapeutically enhancing membrane repair can potentially combat neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Bulgart
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Isabella Goncalves
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Noah Weisleder
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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11
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Wainberg M, Andrews SJ, Tripathy SJ. Shared genetic risk loci between Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:113. [PMID: 37328865 PMCID: PMC10273745 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have indicated moderate genetic overlap between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), neurodegenerative disorders traditionally considered etiologically distinct. However, the specific genetic variants and loci underlying this overlap remain almost entirely unknown. METHODS We leveraged state-of-the-art GWAS for ADRD, PD, and ALS. For each pair of disorders, we examined each of the GWAS hits for one disorder and tested whether they were also significant for the other disorder, applying Bonferroni correction for the number of variants tested. This approach rigorously controls the family-wise error rate for both disorders, analogously to genome-wide significance. RESULTS Eleven loci with GWAS hits for one disorder were also associated with one or both of the other disorders: one with all three disorders (the MAPT/KANSL1 locus), five with ADRD and PD (near LCORL, CLU, SETD1A/KAT8, WWOX, and GRN), three with ADRD and ALS (near GPX3, HS3ST5/HDAC2/MARCKS, and TSPOAP1), and two with PD and ALS (near GAK/TMEM175 and NEK1). Two of these loci (LCORL and NEK1) were associated with an increased risk of one disorder but decreased risk of another. Colocalization analysis supported a shared causal variant between ADRD and PD at the CLU, WWOX, and LCORL loci, between ADRD and ALS at the TSPOAP1 locus, and between PD and ALS at the NEK1 and GAK/TMEM175 loci. To address the concern that ADRD is an imperfect proxy for AD and that the ADRD and PD GWAS have overlapping participants (nearly all of which are from the UK Biobank), we confirmed that all our ADRD associations had nearly identical odds ratios in an AD GWAS that excluded the UK Biobank, and all but one remained nominally significant (p < 0.05) for AD. CONCLUSIONS In one of the most comprehensive investigations to date of pleiotropy between neurodegenerative disorders, we identify eleven genetic risk loci shared among ADRD, PD, and ALS. These loci support lysosomal/autophagic dysfunction (GAK/TMEM175, GRN, KANSL1), neuroinflammation/immunity (TSPOAP1), oxidative stress (GPX3, KANSL1), and the DNA damage response (NEK1) as transdiagnostic processes underlying multiple neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wainberg
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Shea J Andrews
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143, USA
| | - Shreejoy J Tripathy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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12
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Pinzi L, Bisi N, Sorbi C, Franchini S, Tonali N, Rastelli G. Insights into the Structural Conformations of the Tau Protein in Different Aggregation Status. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114544. [PMID: 37299020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau is a protein characterized by large structural portions displaying extended conformational changes. Unfortunately, the accumulation of this protein into toxic aggregates in neuronal cells leads to a number of severe pathologies, collectively named tauopathies. In the last decade, significant research advancements were achieved, including a better understanding of Tau structures and their implication in different tauopathies. Interestingly, Tau is characterized by a high structural variability depending on the type of disease, the crystallization conditions, and the formation of pathologic aggregates obtained from in vitro versus ex vivo samples. In this review, we reported an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of Tau structures reported in the Protein Data Bank, with a special focus on discussing the connections between structural features, different tauopathies, different crystallization conditions, and the use of in vitro or ex vivo samples. The information reported in this article highlights very interesting links between all these aspects, which we believe may be of particular relevance for a more informed structure-based design of compounds able to modulate Tau aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pinzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicolò Bisi
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Paris-Saclay, BioCIS, Bat. Henri Moissan, 17 Av. des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Claudia Sorbi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Franchini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicolò Tonali
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Paris-Saclay, BioCIS, Bat. Henri Moissan, 17 Av. des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
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13
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Rike WA, Stern S. Proteins and Transcriptional Dysregulation of the Brain Extracellular Matrix in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087435. [PMID: 37108598 PMCID: PMC10138539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the brain is a dynamic structure made up of a vast network of bioactive macromolecules that modulate cellular events. Structural, organizational, and functional changes in these macromolecules due to genetic variation or environmental stressors are thought to affect cellular functions and may result in disease. However, most mechanistic studies to date usually focus on the cellular aspects of diseases and pay less attention to the relevance of the processes governing the dynamic nature of the extracellular matrix in disease pathogenesis. Thus, due to the ECM's diversified biological roles, increasing interest in its involvement in disease, and the lack of sufficient compiled evidence regarding its relationship with Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology, we aimed to compile the existing evidence to boost the current knowledge on the area and provide refined guidance for the future research. Here, in this review, we gathered postmortem brain tissue and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-related studies from PubMed and Google Scholar to identify, summarize and describe common macromolecular alterations in the expression of brain ECM components in Parkinson's disease (PD). A literature search was conducted up until 10 February 2023. The overall hits from the database and manual search for proteomic and transcriptome studies were 1243 and 1041 articles, respectively. Following a full-text review, 10 articles from proteomic and 24 from transcriptomic studies were found to be eligible for inclusion. According to proteomic studies, proteins such as collagens, fibronectin, annexins, and tenascins were recognized to be differentially expressed in Parkinson's disease. Transcriptomic studies displayed dysregulated pathways including ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and cell adhesion molecules in Parkinson's disease. A limited number of relevant studies were accessed from our search, indicating that much work remains to be carried out to better understand the roles of the ECM in neurodegeneration and Parkinson's disease. However, we believe that our review will elicit focused primary studies and thus support the ongoing efforts of the discovery and development of diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic agents for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wote Amelo Rike
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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14
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Bridel C, van Gils JHM, Miedema SSM, Hoozemans JJM, Pijnenburg YAL, Smit AB, Rozemuller AJM, Abeln S, Teunissen CE. Clusters of co-abundant proteins in the brain cortex associated with fronto-temporal lobar degeneration. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:59. [PMID: 36949537 PMCID: PMC10035199 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is characterized pathologically by neuronal and glial inclusions of hyperphosphorylated tau or by neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions of TDP43. This study aimed at deciphering the molecular mechanisms leading to these distinct pathological subtypes. METHODS To this end, we performed an unbiased mass spectrometry-based proteomic and systems-level analysis of the middle frontal gyrus cortices of FTLD-tau (n = 6), FTLD-TDP (n = 15), and control patients (n = 5). We validated these results in an independent patient cohort (total n = 24). RESULTS The middle frontal gyrus cortex proteome was most significantly altered in FTLD-tau compared to controls (294 differentially expressed proteins at FDR = 0.05). The proteomic modifications in FTLD-TDP were more heterogeneous (49 differentially expressed proteins at FDR = 0.1). Weighted co-expression network analysis revealed 17 modules of co-regulated proteins, 13 of which were dysregulated in FTLD-tau. These modules included proteins associated with oxidative phosphorylation, scavenger mechanisms, chromatin regulation, and clathrin-mediated transport in both the frontal and temporal cortex of FTLD-tau. The most strongly dysregulated subnetworks identified cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) as key players in the disease process. Dysregulation of 9 of these modules was confirmed in independent validation data sets of FLTD-tau and control temporal and frontal cortex (total n = 24). Dysregulated modules were primarily associated with changes in astrocyte and endothelial cell protein abundance levels, indicating pathological changes in FTD are not limited to neurons. CONCLUSIONS Using this innovative workflow and zooming in on the most strongly dysregulated proteins of the identified modules, we were able to identify disease-associated mechanisms in FTLD-tau with high potential as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bridel
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juami H. M. van Gils
- Department of Computer Science, Bioinformatics group, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne S. M. Miedema
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J. M. Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - August B. Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sanne Abeln
- Department of Computer Science, Bioinformatics group, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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MacAinsh M, Zhou H. Partial mimicry of the microtubule binding of tau by its membrane binding. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4581. [PMID: 36710643 PMCID: PMC9926470 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tau, as typical of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), binds to multiple targets including microtubules and acidic membranes. The latter two surfaces are both highly negatively charged, raising the prospect of mimicry in their binding by tau. The tau-microtubule complex was recently determined by cryo-electron microscopy. Here, we used molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the dynamic binding of tau K19 to an acidic membrane. This IDP can be divided into three repeats, each containing an amphipathic helix. The three amphipathic helices, along with flanking residues, tether the protein to the membrane interface. The separation between and membrane positioning of the amphipathic helices in the simulations are validated by published EPR data. The membrane contact probabilities of individual residues in tau show both similarities to and distinctions from native contacts with microtubules. In particular, a Lys that is conserved among the repeats forms similar interactions with membranes and with microtubules, as does a conserved Val. This partial mimicry facilitates both the membrane anchoring of microtubules by tau and the transfer of tau from membranes to microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew MacAinsh
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Huan‐Xiang Zhou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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16
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Direct and Indirect Effects of Filamin A on Tau Pathology in Neuronal Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1021-1039. [PMID: 36399251 PMCID: PMC9849303 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer disease (AD), Tau, an axonal microtubule-associated protein, becomes hyperphosphorylated, detaches from microtubules, accumulates, and self-aggregates in the somatodendritic (SD) compartment. The accumulation of hyperphosphorylated and aggregated Tau is also seen in other neurodegenerative diseases such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-Tau). Previous studies reported a link between filamin A (FLNA), an actin-binding protein found in the SD compartment, and Tau pathology. In the present study, we further explored this link. We confirmed the interaction of Tau with FLNA in neuroblastoma 2a (N2a) cells. This interaction was mediated by a domain located between the 157 and 383 amino acids (a.a.) of Tau. Our results also revealed that the overexpression of FLNA resulted in an intracellular accumulation of wild-type Tau and Tau mutants (P301L, V337M, and R406W) in N2a cells. Tau phosphorylation and cleavage by caspase-3 but not its aggregation were increased upon FLNA overexpression in N2a cells. In the parietal cortex of AD brain, insoluble FLNA was increased compared to control brain, but it did not correlate with Tau pathology. Interestingly, Tau binding to microtubules and F-actin was preserved upon FLNA overexpression in N2a cells. Lastly, our results revealed that FLNA also induced the accumulation of annexin A2, a Tau interacting partner involved in its axonal localization. Collectively, our data indicated that in Tauopathies, FLNA could contribute to Tau pathology by acting on Tau and annexin A2.
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17
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Corsi A, Bombieri C, Valenti MT, Romanelli MG. Tau Isoforms: Gaining Insight into MAPT Alternative Splicing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315383. [PMID: 36499709 PMCID: PMC9735940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau microtubule-associated proteins, encoded by the MAPT gene, are mainly expressed in neurons participating in axonal transport and synaptic plasticity. Six major isoforms differentially expressed during cell development and differentiation are translated by alternative splicing of MAPT transcripts. Alterations in the expression of human Tau isoforms and their aggregation have been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, Pick's disease, and frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. Great efforts have been dedicated in recent years to shed light on the complex regulatory mechanism of Tau splicing, with a perspective to developing new RNA-based therapies. This review summarizes the most recent contributions to the knowledge of Tau isoform expression and experimental models, highlighting the role of cis-elements and ribonucleoproteins that regulate the alternative splicing of Tau exons.
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18
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Prikas E, Paric E, Asih PR, Stefanoska K, Stefen H, Fath T, Poljak A, Ittner A. Tau target identification reveals NSF-dependent effects on AMPA receptor trafficking and memory formation. EMBO J 2022; 41:e10242. [PMID: 35993331 PMCID: PMC9475529 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau is a central factor in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. However, the physiological functions of tau are unclear. Here, we used proximity-labelling proteomics to chart tau interactomes in primary neurons and mouse brains in vivo. Tau interactors map onto pathways of cytoskeletal, synaptic vesicle and postsynaptic receptor regulation and show significant enrichment for Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and prion disease. We find that tau interacts with and dose-dependently reduces the activity of N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein (NSF), a vesicular ATPase essential for AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) trafficking. Tau-deficient (tau-/- ) neurons showed mislocalised expression of NSF and enhanced synaptic AMPAR surface levels, reversible through the expression of human tau or inhibition of NSF. Consequently, enhanced AMPAR-mediated associative and object recognition memory in tau-/- mice is suppressed by both hippocampal tau and infusion with an NSF-inhibiting peptide. Pathologic mutant tau from mouse models or Alzheimer's disease significantly enhances NSF inhibition. Our results map neuronal tau interactomes and delineate a functional link of tau with NSF in plasticity-associated AMPAR-trafficking and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Prikas
- Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Esmeralda Paric
- Dementia Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Prita R Asih
- Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Kristie Stefanoska
- Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Holly Stefen
- Dementia Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Thomas Fath
- Dementia Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Mark Wainwright Analytical CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Arne Ittner
- Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia
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19
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Macromolecular structures and proteins interacting with the microtubule associated tau protein. Neuroscience 2022; 518:70-82. [PMID: 35609757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies are characterized by the presence of filamentous forms of phosphorylated tau protein inside neurons. However, the causal relationship between the initial symptoms of a particular disease and the molecular events affecting tau and leading to the appearance of tangles of filamentous forms of this protein remains unknown. Even the main function (or functions) of tau inside neurons is debatable and controversial. Tau seems to be a multifunctional protein. I review here some of the most studied interactions of tau with different macromolecules and proteins, which can be classified according to the structural o functional unit within which the interaction works: Microtubule, Nuclear localization and DNA, Synaptic activity, RNA metabolism, Fats transport, Proteostasis, Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis, Mitochondria and Phosphorylation. Although this seems to be a broad spectrum of tau functions, interactome studies of tau reveal hundreds of plausible partners of tau, suggesting that it engages in an extensive network of interconnected regulatory interactions by means of its high capability to interact with all kinds of proteins and complex structures, combined with its vast number of post-translational modifications. I include also some thermodynamic data concerning the interaction of tau with some partners.
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20
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Downs M, Sethi MK, Raghunathan R, Layne MD, Zaia J. Matrisome changes in Parkinson's disease. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3005-3015. [PMID: 35112150 PMCID: PMC8944212 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, collectively known as the matrisome, include collagens, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans. Alterations in the matrisome have been implicated in the neurodegenerative pathologies including Parkinson's disease (PD). In this work, we utilized our previously published PD and control proteomics data from human prefrontal cortex and focused our analysis on the matrisome. Among matrisome proteins, we observed a significant enrichment in the expression of type I collagen in PD vs. control samples. We then performed histological analysis on the same samples used for proteomics study, and examined collagen expression using picrosirius red staining. Interestingly, we observed similar trends in collagen abundance in PD vs. control as in our matrisome analysis; thus, this and other histological analyses will be useful as a complementary technique in the future to study the matrisome in PD with a larger cohort, and it may aid in choosing regions of interest for proteomic analysis. Additionally, collagen hydroxyprolination was less variable in PD compared to controls. Glycoproteomic changes in matrisome molecules were also observed in PD relative to aged individuals, especially related to type VI collagen and versican. We further examined the list of differentially expressed matrisome molecules using network topology-based analysis and found that angiogenesis indicated by alterations in decorin and several members of the collagen family was affected in PD. These findings collectively identified matrisome changes associated with PD; further studies with a larger cohort are required to validate the current results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Downs
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Manveen K Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Rekha Raghunathan
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Matthew D Layne
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University Medical Campus, 670 Albany St., Rm. 509, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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21
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Bowles KR, Pugh DA, Oja LM, Jadow BM, Farrell K, Whitney K, Sharma A, Cherry JD, Raj T, Pereira AC, Crary JF, Goate AM. Dysregulated coordination of MAPT exon 2 and exon 10 splicing underlies different tau pathologies in PSP and AD. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:225-243. [PMID: 34874463 PMCID: PMC8809109 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding regulation of MAPT splicing is important to the etiology of many nerurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), in which different tau isoforms accumulate in pathologic inclusions. MAPT, the gene encoding the tau protein, undergoes complex alternative pre-mRNA splicing to generate six isoforms. Tauopathies can be categorized by the presence of tau aggregates containing either 3 (3R) or 4 (4R) microtubule-binding domain repeats (determined by inclusion/exclusion of exon 10), but the role of the N-terminal domain of the protein, determined by inclusion/exclusion of exons 2 and 3 has been less well studied. Using a correlational screen in human brain tissue, we observed coordination of MAPT exons 2 and 10 splicing. Expressions of exon 2 splicing regulators and subsequently exon 2 inclusion are differentially disrupted in PSP and AD brain, resulting in the accumulation of 1N4R isoforms in PSP and 0N isoforms in AD temporal cortex. Furthermore, we identified different N-terminal isoforms of tau present in neurofibrillary tangles, dystrophic neurites and tufted astrocytes, indicating a role for differential N-terminal splicing in the development of disparate tau neuropathologies. We conclude that N-terminal splicing and combinatorial regulation with exon 10 inclusion/exclusion is likely to be important to our understanding of tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Bowles
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Derian A Pugh
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura-Maria Oja
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin M Jadow
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kurt Farrell
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristen Whitney
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abhijeet Sharma
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan D Cherry
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Towfique Raj
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana C Pereira
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John F Crary
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank and Research Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Tau mRNA Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Tangle Journey. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020241. [PMID: 35203451 PMCID: PMC8869323 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau proteins are known to be mainly involved in regulation of microtubule dynamics. Besides this function, which is critical for axonal transport and signal transduction, tau proteins also have other roles in neurons. Moreover, tau proteins are turned into aggregates and consequently trigger many neurodegenerative diseases termed tauopathies, of which Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the figurehead. Such pathological aggregation processes are critical for the onset of these diseases. Among the various causes of tau protein pathogenicity, abnormal tau mRNA metabolism, expression and dysregulation of tau post-translational modifications are critical steps. Moreover, the relevance of tau function to general mRNA metabolism has been highlighted recently in tauopathies. In this review, we mainly focus on how mRNA metabolism impacts the onset and development of tauopathies. Thus, we intend to portray how mRNA metabolism of, or mediated by, tau is associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
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23
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Eldeeb MA, Ragheb MA, Soliman MH, Fahlman RP. Regulation of Neurodegeneration-associated Protein Fragments by the N-degron Pathways. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:298-318. [PMID: 35043375 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Among the most salient features that underpin the development of aging-related neurodegenerative disorders are the accumulation of protein aggregates and the decrease in cellular degradation capacity. Mammalian cells have evolved sophisticated quality control mechanisms to repair or eliminate the otherwise abnormal or misfolded proteins. Chaperones identify unstable or abnormal conformations in proteins and often help them regain their correct conformation. However, if repair is not an option, abnormal proteins are selectively degraded to prevent undesired interactions with other proteins or oligomerization into toxic multimeric complexes. The autophagic-lysosomal system and the ubiquitin-proteasome system mediate the selective and targeted degradation of abnormal or aberrant protein fragments. Despite an increasing understanding regarding the molecular responses that counteract the formation and clearance of dysfunctional protein aggregates, the role of N-degrons in these processes is poorly understood. Previous work demonstrated that the Arg-N-end rule degradation pathway (Arg-N-degron pathway) mediates the degradation of neurodegeneration-associated proteins, thereby regulating crucial signaling hubs that modulate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we discuss the functional interconnection between N-degron pathways and proteins associated with neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. We also highlight some future prospects related to how the molecular insights gained from these processes will help unveil novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Eldeeb
- Chemistry Department (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. .,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill Parkinson Program, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Mohamed A Ragheb
- Chemistry Department (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa H Soliman
- Chemistry Department (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Richard P Fahlman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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24
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Zhang HA, Yuan CX, Liu KF, Yang QF, Zhao J, Li H, Yang QH, Song D, Quan ZZ, Qing H. Neural stem cell transplantation alleviates functional cognitive deficits in a mouse model of tauopathy. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:152-162. [PMID: 34100451 PMCID: PMC8451553 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of the transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease remain poorly understood. In this study, NSCs were transplanted into the hippocampal CA1 region of the rTg (tau P301L) 4510 mouse model, a tauopathy model that is thought to reflect the tau pathology associated with Alzheimer’s disease. The results revealed that NSC transplantation reduced the abnormal aggregation of tau, resulting in significant improvements in the short-term memory of the tauopathy model mice. Compared with wild-type and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated mice, mice that received NSC transplantations were characterized by changes in the expression of multiple proteins in brain tissue, particularly those related to the regulation of tau aggregation or misfolding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis revealed that these proteins were primarily enriched in pathways associated with long-term potentiation, neurogenesis, and other neurobiological processes. Changes in the expression levels of key proteins were verified by western blot assays. These data provided clues to improve the understanding of the functional capacity associated with NSC transplantation in Alzheimer’s disease treatment. This study was approved by the Beijing Animal Ethics Association and Ethics Committee of Beijing Institute of Technology (approval No. SYXK-BIT-school of life science-2017-M03) in 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Xu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Fu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Hu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Da Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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25
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Bottero V, Alrafati F, Santiago JA, Potashkin JA. Transcriptomic and Network Meta-Analysis of Frontotemporal Dementias. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:747798. [PMID: 34720873 PMCID: PMC8554122 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.747798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), also known as frontotemporal dementia (FTD), results in a progressive decline in executive function, leading to behavioral changes, speech problems, and movement disorders. FTD is the second most common cause of young-onset dementia affecting approximately 50–60,000 Americans. FTD exists in familial and sporadic forms, with GRN progranulin and C9orf72 mutations being the most common causes. In this study, we compared the sporadic and familial transcriptome within the cerebellum, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and Brodmann’s area 8 of patients with FTD to determine genes and pathways involved in the disease process. Most dysregulated genes expression occurred in the frontal cortex and Brodmann’s area 8 for genetic and sporadic forms of FTD, respectively. A meta-analysis revealed 50 genes and 95 genes are dysregulated in at least three brain regions in patients with familial mutations and sporadic FTD patients, respectively. Familial FTD genes centered on the Wnt signaling pathway, whereas genes associated with the sporadic form of FTD centered on MAPK signaling. The results reveal the similarities and differences between sporadic and familial FTD. In addition, valproic acid and additional therapeutic agents may be beneficial in treating patients with FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Bottero
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutics, Chicago Medical School, Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Fahed Alrafati
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutics, Chicago Medical School, Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Judith A Potashkin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutics, Chicago Medical School, Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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26
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Sallaberry CA, Voss BJ, Majewski J, Biernat J, Mandelkow E, Chi EY, Vander Zanden CM. Tau and Membranes: Interactions That Promote Folding and Condensation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:725241. [PMID: 34621743 PMCID: PMC8491580 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.725241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau misfolding and assembly is linked to a number of neurodegenerative diseases collectively described as tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease. Anionic cellular membranes, such as the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane, are sites that concentrate and neutralize tau, primarily due to electrostatic interactions with tau’s microtubule binding repeat domain (RD). In addition to electrostatic interactions with lipids, tau also has interactions with membrane proteins, which are important for tau’s cellular functions. Tau also interacts with lipid tails to facilitate direct translocation across the membrane and can form stable protein-lipid complexes involved in cell-to-cell transport. Concentrated tau monomers at the membrane surface can form reversible condensates, change secondary structures, and induce oligomers, which may eventually undergo irreversible crosslinking and fibril formation. These β-sheet rich tau structures are capable of disrupting membrane organization and are toxic in cell-based assays. Given the evidence for relevant membrane-based tau assembly, we review the emerging hypothesis that polyanionic membranes may serve as a site for phase-separated tau condensation. Membrane-mediated phase separation may have important implications for regulating tau folding/misfolding, and may be a powerful mechanism to spatially direct tau for native membrane-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Sallaberry
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Barbie J Voss
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Jaroslaw Majewski
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA, United States.,Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Jacek Biernat
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (CAESAR) Center, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Y Chi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Crystal M Vander Zanden
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
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27
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Kim SH, Farrell K, Cosentino S, Vonsattel JPG, Faust PL, Cortes EP, Bennet DA, Louis ED, Crary JF. Tau Isoform Profile in Essential Tremor Diverges From Other Tauopathies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:835-843. [PMID: 34363663 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with essential tremor (ET) frequently develop concurrent dementia, which is often assumed to represent co-morbid Alzheimer disease (AD). Autopsy studies have identified a spectrum of tau pathologies in ET and tau isoforms have not been examined in ET. We performed immunoblotting using autopsy cerebral cortical tissue from patients with ET (n = 13), progressive supranuclear palsy ([PSP], n = 10), Pick disease ([PiD], n = 2), and AD (n = 7). Total tau in ET samples was similar to that in PSP and PiD but was significantly lower than that in AD. Abnormal tau levels measured using the AT8 phospho-tau specific (S202/T205/S208) monoclonal antibody in ET were similar to those in PSP but were lower than in PiD and AD. In aggregates, tau with 3 microtubule-binding domain repeats (3R) was significantly higher in AD than ET, while tau with 4 repeats (4R) was significantly higher in PSP. Strikingly, the total tau without N-terminal inserts in ET was significantly lower than in PSP, PiD, and AD, but total tau with other N-terminal inserts was not. Monomeric tau with one insert in ET was similar to that in PSP and PiD was lower than in AD. Thus, ET brains exhibit an expression profile of tau protein isoforms that diverges from that of other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soong Ho Kim
- From the Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, JFC).,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC)
| | - Kurt Farrell
- From the Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC)
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA (SC); G.H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA (SC, JPV).,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA (SC, JPV)
| | - Jean-Paul G Vonsattel
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA (SC); G.H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA (SC, JPV).,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA (SC, JPV).,Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA (JPV, PLF)
| | - Phyllis L Faust
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA (JPV, PLF)
| | - Etty P Cortes
- From the Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (EC, JFC)
| | - David A Bennet
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA (DAB)
| | - Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (EDL)
| | - John F Crary
- From the Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, JFC).,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (EC, JFC)
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28
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Perna A, Marathe S, Dreos R, Falquet L, Akarsu Egger H, Auber LA. Revealing NOTCH-dependencies in synaptic targets associated with Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 115:103657. [PMID: 34314836 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified NOTCH signaling as a contributor of neurodegeneration including Alzheimer's disease' (AD) pathophysiology. As part of the efforts to understand molecular mechanisms and players involved in neurodegenerative dementia, we employed transgenic mouse models with Notch1 and Rbpjk loss of function (LOF) mutation in pyramidal neurons of the CA fields. Using RNA-seq, we have investigated the differential expression of NOTCH-dependent genes either upon environmental enrichment (EE) or upon kainic acid (KA) injury. We found a substantial genetic diversity in absence of both NOTCH1 receptor or RBPJK transcriptional activator. Among differentially expressed genes, we observed a significant upregulation of Gabra2a in both knockout models, suggesting a role for NOTCH signaling in the modulation of E/I balance. Upon excitotoxic stimulation, loss of RBPJK results in decreased expression of synaptic proteins with neuroprotective effects. We confirmed Nptx2, Npy, Pdch8, TncC as direct NOTCH1/RBPJK targets and Bdnf and Scg2 as indirect targets. Finally, we translate these findings into human entorhinal cortex containing the hippocampal region from AD patients performing targeted transcripts analysis. We observe an increased trend for RBPJK and the ligand DNER starting in the mild-moderate stage of the disease with no change of NOTCH1 expression. Alongside, expression of the Notch targets Hes5 and Hey1 tend to rise in the intermediate stage of the disease and drop in severe AD. Similarly the newly discovered NOTCH targets, NPTX2, NPY, BDNF show an up-warding tendency during the mild-moderate stage, and decline in the severe phase of the disease. This study identifies NOTCH as a central signaling cascade capable of modulating synaptic transmission in response to excitatory insult through the activation of neuroprotective genes that have been associated to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Perna
- Section of Medicine, Department NMS, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - S Marathe
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - R Dreos
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Falquet
- Biochemistry Unit, University of Fribourg and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - H Akarsu Egger
- Biochemistry Unit, University of Fribourg and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - L Alberi Auber
- Section of Medicine, Department NMS, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Swiss Integrative Center for Human Health, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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29
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Gamarra M, de la Cruz A, Blanco-Urrejola M, Baleriola J. Local Translation in Nervous System Pathologies. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 15:689208. [PMID: 34276318 PMCID: PMC8279726 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.689208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrites and axons can extend dozens to hundreds of centimeters away from the cell body so that a single neuron can sense and respond to thousands of stimuli. Thus, for an accurate function of dendrites and axons the neuronal proteome needs to be asymmetrically distributed within neurons. Protein asymmetry can be achieved by the transport of the protein itself or the transport of the mRNA that is then translated at target sites in neuronal processes. The latter transport mechanism implies local translation of localized mRNAs. The role of local translation in nervous system (NS) development and maintenance is well established, but recently there is growing evidence that this mechanism and its deregulation are also relevant in NS pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, upon pathological signals disease-related proteins can be locally synthesized in dendrites and axons. Locally synthesized proteins can exert their effects at or close to the site of translation, or they can be delivered to distal compartments like the nucleus and induce transcriptional responses that lead to neurodegeneration, nerve regeneration and other cell-wide responses. Relevant key players in the process of local protein synthesis are RNA binding proteins (RBPs), responsible for mRNA transport to neurites. Several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or spinal motor atrophy, are characterized by mutations in genes encoding for RBPs and consequently mRNA localization and local translation are impaired. In other diseases changes in the local mRNA repertoire and altered local protein synthesis have been reported. In this review, we will discuss how deregulation of localized translation at different levels can contribute to the development and progression of nervous system pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gamarra
- Laboratory of Local Translation in Neurons and Glia, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Aida de la Cruz
- Laboratory of Local Translation in Neurons and Glia, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Maite Blanco-Urrejola
- Laboratory of Local Translation in Neurons and Glia, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Jimena Baleriola
- Laboratory of Local Translation in Neurons and Glia, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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30
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Zgórzyńska E, Krawczyk K, Bełdzińska P, Walczewska A. Molecular basis of proteinopathies: Etiopathology
of dementia and motor disorders. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.9513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are one of the most important medical and social problems affecting
elderly people, the percentage of which is significantly increasing in the total world population.
The cause of these diseases is the destruction of neurons by protein aggregates that form pathological
deposits in neurons, glial cells and in the intercellular space. Proteins whose molecules
are easily destabilized by point mutations or endogenous processes are alpha-synuclein (ASN),
tau and TDP-43. Pathological forms of these proteins form characteristic aggregates, which accumulate
in the neurons and are the cause of various forms of dementia and motor disorders.
The most common causes of dementia are tauopathies. In primary tauopathies, which include
progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), Pick’s disease (PiD), and
frontotemporal dementia (FTD), modified tau molecules disrupt axonal transport and protein
distribution in neurons. Ultimately, the helical filaments and neurofibrillary tangles of tau lead to
neuron death in various structures of the brain. In Alzheimer’s disease hyperphosphorylated tau tangles along with β amyloid plaques are responsible for the degeneration of the hippocampus,
entorhinal cortex and amygdala. The most prevalent synucleinopathies are Parkinson’s disease,
multiple system atrophy (MSA) and dementia with Lewy bodies, where there is a degeneration of
neurons in the extrapyramidal tracts or, as in MSA, autonomic nerves. TDP-43 inclusions in the
cytoplasm cause the degeneration of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and
in one of the frontotemporal dementia variant (FTLD-TDP). In this work ASN, tau and TDP-43
structures are described, as well as the genetic and sporadic factors that lead to the destabilization
of molecules, their aggregation and incorrect distribution in neurons, which are the causes
of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaudia Krawczyk
- Zakład Interakcji Międzykomórkowych, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
| | | | - Anna Walczewska
- Zakład Interakcji Międzykomórkowych, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
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31
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Bachmann S, Bell M, Klimek J, Zempel H. Differential Effects of the Six Human TAU Isoforms: Somatic Retention of 2N-TAU and Increased Microtubule Number Induced by 4R-TAU. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:643115. [PMID: 34113229 PMCID: PMC8185039 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.643115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult human brain, six isoforms of the microtubule-associated protein TAU are expressed, which result from alternative splicing of exons 2, 3, and 10 of the MAPT gene. These isoforms differ in the number of N-terminal inserts (0N, 1N, 2N) and C-terminal repeat domains (3R or 4R) and are differentially expressed depending on the brain region and developmental stage. Although all TAU isoforms can aggregate and form neurofibrillary tangles, some tauopathies, such as Pick's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy, are characterized by the accumulation of specific TAU isoforms. The influence of the individual TAU isoforms in a cellular context, however, is understudied. In this report, we investigated the subcellular localization of the human-specific TAU isoforms in primary mouse neurons and analyzed TAU isoform-specific effects on cell area and microtubule dynamics in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Our results show that 2N-TAU isoforms are particularly retained from axonal sorting and that axonal enrichment is independent of the number of repeat domains, but that the additional repeat domain of 4R-TAU isoforms results in a general reduction of cell size and an increase of microtubule counts in cells expressing these specific isoforms. Our study points out that individual TAU isoforms may influence microtubule dynamics differentially both by different sorting patterns and by direct effects on microtubule dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bachmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Bell
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jennifer Klimek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Zempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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32
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Bok E, Leem E, Lee BR, Lee JM, Yoo CJ, Lee EM, Kim J. Role of the Lipid Membrane and Membrane Proteins in Tau Pathology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653815. [PMID: 33996814 PMCID: PMC8119898 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of misfolded tau aggregates is a pathological hallmark of various tauopathies including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although tau is a cytosolic microtubule-associated protein enriched in neurons, it is also found in extracellular milieu, such as interstitial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood. Accumulating evidence showed that pathological tau spreads along anatomically connected areas in the brain through intercellular transmission and templated misfolding, thereby inducing neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction. In line with this, the spatiotemporal spreading of tau pathology is closely correlated with cognitive decline in AD patients. Although the secretion and uptake of tau involve multiple different pathways depending on tau species and cell types, a growing body of evidence suggested that tau is largely secreted in a vesicle-free forms. In this regard, the interaction of vesicle-free tau with membrane is gaining growing attention due to its importance for both of tau secretion and uptake as well as aggregation. Here, we review the recent literature on the mechanisms of the tau-membrane interaction and highlights the roles of lipids and proteins at the membrane in the tau-membrane interaction as well as tau aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Bok
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eunju Leem
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea.,School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang Jae Yoo
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jaekwang Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
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Axonal TAU Sorting Requires the C-terminus of TAU but is Independent of ANKG and TRIM46 Enrichment at the AIS. Neuroscience 2021; 461:155-171. [PMID: 33556457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Somatodendritic missorting of the axonal protein TAU is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. Rodent primary neurons and iPSC-derived neurons are used for studying mechanisms of neuronal polarity, including TAU trafficking. However, these models are expensive, time-consuming, and/or require the killing of animals. In this study, we tested four differentiation procedures to generate mature neuron cultures from human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and assessed the TAU sorting capacity. We show that SH-SY5Y-derived neurons, differentiated with sequential RA/BDNF treatment, are suitable for investigating axonal TAU sorting. These human neurons show pronounced neuronal polarity, axodendritic outgrowth, expression of the neuronal maturation markers TAU and MAP2, and, importantly, efficient axonal sorting of endogenous and transfected human wild-type TAU, similar to mouse primary neurons. We demonstrate that the N-terminal half of TAU is not sufficient for axonal targeting, as a C-terminus-lacking construct (N-term-TAUHA) is not axonally enriched in both neuronal cell models. Importantly, SH-SY5Y-derived neurons do not show the formation of a classical axon initial segment (AIS), indicated by the lack of ankyrin G (ANKG) and tripartite motif-containing protein 46 (TRIM46) at the proximal axon, which suggests that successful axonal TAU sorting is independent of classical AIS formation. Taken together, our results provide evidence that (i) SH-SY5Y-derived neurons are a valuable human neuronal cell model for studying TAU sorting readily accessible at low cost and without animal need, and that (ii) efficient axonal TAU targeting is independent of ANKG or TRIM46 enrichment at the proximal axon in these neurons.
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34
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Lu JX, Wang Y, Zhang YJ, Shen MF, Li HY, Yu ZQ, Chen G. Axonal mRNA localization and local translation in neurodegenerative disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1950-1957. [PMID: 33642365 PMCID: PMC8343310 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.308074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of mRNA localization and local translation play vital roles in the maintenance of cellular structure and function. Many human neurodegenerative diseases, such as fragile X syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and spinal muscular atrophy, have been characterized by pathological changes in neuronal axons, including abnormal mRNA translation, the loss of protein expression, or abnormal axon transport. Moreover, the same protein and mRNA molecules have been associated with variable functions in different diseases due to differences in their interaction networks. In this review, we briefly examine fragile X syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and spinal muscular atrophy, with a focus on disease pathogenesis with regard to local mRNA translation and axon transport, suggesting possible treatment directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei-Fen Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Ying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng-Quan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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35
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Umstead A, Soliman AS, Lamp J, Vega IE. Validation of recombinant human protein purified from bacteria: An important step to increase scientific rigor. Anal Biochem 2020; 611:113999. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Guha S, Johnson GVW, Nehrke K. The Crosstalk Between Pathological Tau Phosphorylation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Key to Understanding and Treating Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5103-5120. [PMID: 32851560 PMCID: PMC7544674 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder. A defining hallmark of the AD brain is the presence of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) which are made up of abnormally modified tau, with aberrant phosphorylation being the most studied posttranslational modification (PTM). Although the accumulation of tau as NFTs is an invariant feature of the AD brain, it has become evident that these insoluble aggregates are likely not the primary pathogenic form of tau, rather soluble forms of tau with abnormal PTMs are the mediators of toxicity. The most prevalent PTM on tau is phosphorylation, with the abnormal modification of specific residues on tau playing a key role in its toxicity. Even though it is widely accepted that tau with aberrant PTMs facilitates neurodegeneration, the precise cellular mechanisms remain unknown. Nonetheless, there is an evolving conceptual framework that an important contributing factor may be selective pathological tau species compromising mitochondrial biology. Understanding the mechanisms by which tau with site-specific PTM impacts mitochondria is crucial for understanding the role tau plays in AD. Here, we provide a brief introduction to tau and its phosphorylation and function in a physiological context, followed by a discussion of the impact of soluble phosphorylated tau species on neuronal processes in general and mitochondria more specifically. We also discuss how therapeutic strategies that attenuate pathological tau species in combination with treatments that improve mitochondrial biology could be a potential therapeutic avenue to mitigate disease progression in AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Guha
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Gail V W Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Keith Nehrke
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA
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37
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Brandt R, Trushina NI, Bakota L. Much More Than a Cytoskeletal Protein: Physiological and Pathological Functions of the Non-microtubule Binding Region of Tau. Front Neurol 2020; 11:590059. [PMID: 33193056 PMCID: PMC7604284 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.590059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau protein (MAPT) is classified as a microtubule-associated protein (MAP) and is believed to regulate the axonal microtubule arrangement. It belongs to the tau/MAP2/MAP4 family of MAPs that have a similar microtubule binding region at their carboxy-terminal half. In tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease, tau is distributed more in the somatodendritic compartment, where it aggregates into filamentous structures, the formation of which correlates with cognitive impairments in patients. While microtubules are the dominant interaction partners of tau under physiological conditions, tau has many additional interaction partners that can contribute to its physiological and pathological role. In particular, the amino-terminal non-microtubule binding domain (N-terminal projection region, NTR) of tau interacts with many partners that are involved in membrane organization. The NTR contains intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) that show a strong evolutionary increase in the disorder and may have been the basis for the development of new, tau-specific interactions. In this review we discuss the functional organization of the tau protein and the special features of the tau non-microtubule binding region also in the connection with the results of Tau KO models. We consider possible physiological and pathological functions of tau's non-microtubule interactions, which could indicate that interactions mediated by tau's NTR and regulated by far-reaching functional interactions of the PRR and the extreme C-terminus of tau contribute to the pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Brandt
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Lidia Bakota
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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38
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Korolkova OY, Widatalla SE, Williams SD, Whalen DS, Beasley HK, Ochieng J, Grewal T, Sakwe AM. Diverse Roles of Annexin A6 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis and EGFR-Targeted Therapies. Cells 2020; 9:E1855. [PMID: 32784650 PMCID: PMC7465958 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium (Ca2+)-dependent membrane-binding Annexin A6 (AnxA6), is a multifunctional, predominantly intracellular scaffolding protein, now known to play relevant roles in different cancer types through diverse, often cell-type-specific mechanisms. AnxA6 is differentially expressed in various stages/subtypes of several cancers, and its expression in certain tumor cells is also induced by a variety of pharmacological drugs. Together with the secretion of AnxA6 as a component of extracellular vesicles, this suggests that AnxA6 mediates distinct tumor progression patterns via extracellular and/or intracellular activities. Although it lacks enzymatic activity, some of the AnxA6-mediated functions involving membrane, nucleotide and cholesterol binding as well as the scaffolding of specific proteins or multifactorial protein complexes, suggest its potential utility in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategies for various cancers. In breast cancer, the low AnxA6 expression levels in the more aggressive basal-like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype correlate with its tumor suppressor activity and the poor overall survival of basal-like TNBC patients. In this review, we highlight the potential tumor suppressor function of AnxA6 in TNBC progression and metastasis, the relevance of AnxA6 in the diagnosis and prognosis of several cancers and discuss the concept of therapy-induced expression of AnxA6 as a novel mechanism for acquired resistance of TNBC to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Y. Korolkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Sarrah E. Widatalla
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Stephen D. Williams
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Diva S. Whalen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Heather K. Beasley
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Josiah Ochieng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Amos M. Sakwe
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
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39
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Najafi M, Samarghandian S, Mohammadinejad R, Ahn KS. Resveratrol targeting tau proteins, amyloid-beta aggregations, and their adverse effects: An updated review. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2867-2888. [PMID: 32491273 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (Res) is a non-flavonoid compound with pharmacological actions such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, antidiabetes, and antitumor. This plant-derived chemical has a long history usage in treatment of diseases. The excellent therapeutic impacts of Res and its capability in penetration into blood-brain barrier have made it an appropriate candidate in the treatment of neurological disorders (NDs). Tau protein aggregations and amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposits are responsible for the induction of NDs. A variety of studies have elucidated the role of these aggregations in NDs and the underlying molecular pathways in their development. In the present review, based on the recently published articles, we describe that how Res administration could inhibit amyloidogenic pathway and stimulate processes such as autophagy to degrade Aβ aggregations. Besides, we demonstrate that Res supplementation is beneficial in dephosphorylation of tau proteins and suppressing their aggregations. Then, we discuss molecular pathways and relate them to the treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Turkey
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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40
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Brunello CA, Merezhko M, Uronen RL, Huttunen HJ. Mechanisms of secretion and spreading of pathological tau protein. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1721-1744. [PMID: 31667556 PMCID: PMC7190606 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded and aggregated forms of tau protein in the brain is a neuropathological hallmark of tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Tau aggregates have the ability to transfer from one cell to another and to induce templated misfolding and aggregation of healthy tau molecules in previously healthy cells, thereby propagating tau pathology across different brain areas in a prion-like manner. The molecular mechanisms involved in cell-to-cell transfer of tau aggregates are diverse, not mutually exclusive and only partially understood. Intracellular accumulation of misfolded tau induces several mechanisms that aim to reduce the cellular burden of aggregated proteins and also promote secretion of tau aggregates. However, tau may also be released from cells physiologically unrelated to protein aggregation. Tau secretion involves multiple vesicular and non-vesicle-mediated pathways, including secretion directly through the plasma membrane. Consequently, extracellular tau can be found in various forms, both as a free protein and in vesicles, such as exosomes and ectosomes. Once in the extracellular space, tau aggregates can be internalized by neighboring cells, both neurons and glial cells, via endocytic, pinocytic and phagocytic mechanisms. Importantly, accumulating evidence suggests that prion-like propagation of misfolding protein pathology could provide a general mechanism for disease progression in tauopathies and other related neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the recent literature on cellular mechanisms involved in cell-to-cell transfer of tau, with a particular focus in tau secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Brunello
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Merezhko
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka-Liisa Uronen
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henri J Huttunen
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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41
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Trushina NI, Mulkidjanian AY, Brandt R. The microtubule skeleton and the evolution of neuronal complexity in vertebrates. Biol Chem 2020; 400:1163-1179. [PMID: 31116700 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of a highly developed nervous system is mirrored by the ability of individual neurons to develop increased morphological complexity. As microtubules (MTs) are crucially involved in neuronal development, we tested the hypothesis that the evolution of complexity is driven by an increasing capacity of the MT system for regulated molecular interactions as it may be implemented by a higher number of molecular players and a greater ability of the individual molecules to interact. We performed bioinformatics analysis on different classes of components of the vertebrate neuronal MT cytoskeleton. We show that the number of orthologs of tubulin structure proteins, MT-binding proteins and tubulin-sequestering proteins expanded during vertebrate evolution. We observed that protein diversity of MT-binding and tubulin-sequestering proteins increased by alternative splicing. In addition, we found that regions of the MT-binding protein tau and MAP6 displayed a clear increase in disorder extent during evolution. The data provide evidence that vertebrate evolution is paralleled by gene expansions, changes in alternative splicing and evolution of coding sequences of components of the MT system. The results suggest that in particular evolutionary changes in tubulin-structure proteins, MT-binding proteins and tubulin-sequestering proteins were prominent drivers for the development of increased neuronal complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya I Trushina
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Armen Y Mulkidjanian
- Department of Physics, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 7, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Roland Brandt
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.,Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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42
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Das R, Balmik AA, Chinnathambi S. Effect of Melatonin on Tau aggregation and Tau-mediated cell surface morphology. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:30-39. [PMID: 32044365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of Microtubule-associated protein Tau and its deposition in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) is one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau aggregation inhibition has been targeted in various studies including natural compounds and synthetic small molecules. Here, we have studied neurohormone- Melatonin against in vitro Tau aggregation and observed its effect on membrane topology, tubulin network and Tau phosphorylation in Neuro2A and N9 cell lines. The aggregation and conformation of Tau was determined by ThT fluorescence and CD spectroscopy respectively. The morphology of Tau aggregates in presence and absence of Melatonin was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Melatonin was found to reduce the formation of higher order oligomeric structures without affecting the overall aggregation kinetics of Tau. Melatonin also modulates and helps to maintain membrane morphology, independent on tubulin network as evidenced by FE-SEM and immunofluorescence analysis. Overall, Melatonin administration shows mild anti-aggregation and cytoprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Das
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 110025 New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Ankur Balmik
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 110025 New Delhi, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 110025 New Delhi, India.
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43
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Hernández F, Merchán-Rubira J, Vallés-Saiz L, Rodríguez-Matellán A, Avila J. Differences Between Human and Murine Tau at the N-terminal End. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:11. [PMID: 32063841 PMCID: PMC6999090 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tauopathies, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), have been widely studied in transgenic mice overexpressing human tau in the brain. The longest brain isoforms of Tau in mice and humans show 89% amino acid identity; however, the expression of the isoforms of this protein in the adult brain of the two species differs. Tau 3R isoforms are not present in adult mice. In contrast, the adult human brain contains Tau 3R and also Tau 4R isoforms. In addition, the N-terminal sequence of Tau protein in mice and humans differs, a Tau peptide (residues 17–28) being present in the latter but absent in the former. Here we review the main published data on this N-terminal sequence that suggests that human and mouse Tau proteins interact with different endogenous proteins and also show distinct secretion patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Hernández
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Merchán-Rubira
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Vallés-Saiz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rodríguez-Matellán
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Avila
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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44
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Diwaker D, Wilson DW. Microtubule-Dependent Trafficking of Alphaherpesviruses in the Nervous System: The Ins and Outs. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121165. [PMID: 31861082 PMCID: PMC6950448 DOI: 10.3390/v11121165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Alphaherpesvirinae include the neurotropic pathogens herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus of humans and pseudorabies virus of swine. These viruses establish lifelong latency in the nuclei of peripheral ganglia, but utilize the peripheral tissues those neurons innervate for productive replication, spread, and transmission. Delivery of virions from replicative pools to the sites of latency requires microtubule-directed retrograde axonal transport from the nerve terminus to the cell body of the sensory neuron. As a corollary, during reactivation newly assembled virions must travel along axonal microtubules in the anterograde direction to return to the nerve terminus and infect peripheral tissues, completing the cycle. Neurotropic alphaherpesviruses can therefore exploit neuronal microtubules and motors for long distance axonal transport, and alternate between periods of sustained plus end- and minus end-directed motion at different stages of their infectious cycle. This review summarizes our current understanding of the molecular details by which this is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishya Diwaker
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Duncan W. Wilson
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(718)-430-2305
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45
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Takeda S. Tau Propagation as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target for Dementia: Potentials and Unanswered Questions. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1274. [PMID: 31920473 PMCID: PMC6923174 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique clinical course of Alzheimer's disease (AD), beginning with memory deficit as the earliest symptom, is well-correlated with a progressive pattern of intracellular aggregates of tau (neurofibrillary tangles), which spread from the medial temporal lobe to other brain areas in a stereotypical manner. Recent findings from basic research using in vitro and in vivo models demonstrated that pathological forms of extracellular tau can be taken up by cells and induce intracellular tau aggregates. On the basis of these neuropathological observations and experimental findings, the "tau propagation hypothesis" has been proposed, in which the stereotypical spreading of the tau pathology observed in the brain of AD patients can be explained by the interneuron transfer of the pathological form of tau. The concept of tau propagation remains controversial, and many unsolved questions exist; however, it has been attracting attention as a potential therapeutic target for halting AD progression. This article reviews the recent findings regarding the tau propagation hypothesis, including the basic concept and evidence of interneuron tau transfer, potentials as a diagnostic and therapeutic target, and unsolved questions for a better understanding of tau propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Takeda
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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46
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Trushina NI, Bakota L, Mulkidjanian AY, Brandt R. The Evolution of Tau Phosphorylation and Interactions. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:256. [PMID: 31619983 PMCID: PMC6759874 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a neuronal microtubule-associated protein (MAP) that is involved in the regulation of axonal microtubule assembly. However, as a protein with intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), tau also interacts with many other partners in addition to microtubules. Phosphorylation at selected sites modulates tau's various intracellular interactions and regulates the properties of IDRs. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies, tau exhibits pathologically increased phosphorylation (hyperphosphorylation) at selected sites and aggregates into neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). By bioinformatics means, we tested the hypothesis that the sequence of tau has changed during the vertebrate evolution in a way that novel interactions developed and also the phosphorylation pattern was affected, which made tau prone to the development of tauopathies. We report that distinct regions of tau show functional specialization in their molecular interactions. We found that tau's amino-terminal region, which is involved in biological processes related to "membrane organization" and "regulation of apoptosis," exhibited a strong evolutionary increase in protein disorder providing the basis for the development of novel interactions. We observed that the predicted phosphorylation sites have changed during evolution in a region-specific manner, and in some cases the overall number of phosphorylation sites increased owing to the formation of clusters of phosphorylatable residues. In contrast, disease-specific hyperphosphorylated sites remained highly conserved. The data indicate that novel, non-microtubule related tau interactions developed during evolution and suggest that the biological processes, which are mediated by these interactions, are of pathological relevance. Furthermore, the data indicate that predicted phosphorylation sites in some regions of tau, including a cluster of phosphorylatable residues in the alternatively spliced exon 2, have changed during evolution. In view of the "antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis" it may be worth to take disease-associated phosphosites with low evolutionary conservation as relevant biomarkers into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidia Bakota
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Armen Y Mulkidjanian
- Department of Physics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roland Brandt
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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47
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Eshraghi M, Gombar R, De Repentigny Y, Vacratsis PO, Kothary R. Pathologic Alterations in the Proteome of Synaptosomes from a Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3042-3051. [PMID: 31262178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a human genetic disorder characterized by muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, and death of motor neurons. SMA is caused by mutations or deletions in a gene called survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1). SMN1 is a housekeeping gene, but the most prominent pathologies in SMA are atrophy of myofibers and death of motor neurons. Further, degeneration of neuromuscular junctions, of synapses, and of axonal regions are features of SMA disease. Here, we have investigated the proteome dynamics of central synapses in P14 Smn2B/- mice, a model of SMA. Label-free quantitative proteomics on isolated synaptosomes from spinal cords of these animals identified 2030 protein groups. Statistical data analysis revealed 65 specific alterations in the proteome of the central synapses at the early onset stage of disease. Functional analysis of the dysregulated proteins indicated a significant enrichment of proteins associated with mitochondrial dynamics, cholesterol biogenesis, and protein clearance. These pathways represent potential targets for therapy development with the goal of providing stability to the central synapses, thereby preserving neuronal integrity in the context of SMA disease. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012850.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Eshraghi
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8L6 , Canada.,University of Ottawa Centre for Neuromuscular Disease , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8M5 , Canada
| | - Robert Gombar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Yves De Repentigny
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8L6 , Canada
| | - Panayiotis O Vacratsis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Rashmi Kothary
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8L6 , Canada.,University of Ottawa Centre for Neuromuscular Disease , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8M5 , Canada
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48
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Goedert M, Falcon B, Zhang W, Ghetti B, Scheres SHW. Distinct Conformers of Assembled Tau in Alzheimer's and Pick's Diseases. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 83:163-171. [PMID: 30886056 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2018.83.037580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tau filaments with distinct morphologies and/or isoform compositions underlie a large number of human neurodegenerative diseases. In conjunction with experimental studies, this has led to the suggestion that conformers of aggregated tau exist. Electron cryo-microscopy can be used to determine high-resolution structures of amyloid filaments from human brain. Paired helical and straight tau filaments of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are ultrastructural polymorphs. Each filament core is composed of two identical protofilaments extending from G273/304-E380 (in the numbering of the 441-amino acid isoform of human tau), which adopt a combined cross-β/β-helix structure. They comprise the ends of the first or second microtubule-binding repeat (R1 or R2), the whole of R3 and R4, and 12 amino acids after R4. In contrast, the core of the narrow filaments of Pick's disease (PiD) consists of a single protofilament extending from K254-F378 of 3R tau, which adopts a cross-β structure. It comprises the last 21 amino acids of R1, all of R3 and R4, and 10 amino acids after R4. Wide tau filaments of PiD, which are in the minority, consist of two narrow filaments packed against each other. The tau filament folds of AD and PiD appear to be conserved between different cases of disease. These findings show that filamentous tau adopts one fold in AD and a different fold in PiD, establishing the existence of distinct conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Goedert
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Falcon
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Sjors H W Scheres
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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Fichou Y, Al-Hilaly YK, Devred F, Smet-Nocca C, Tsvetkov PO, Verelst J, Winderickx J, Geukens N, Vanmechelen E, Perrotin A, Serpell L, Hanseeuw BJ, Medina M, Buée L, Landrieu I. The elusive tau molecular structures: can we translate the recent breakthroughs into new targets for intervention? Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:31. [PMID: 30823892 PMCID: PMC6397507 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insights into tau molecular structures have advanced significantly in recent years. This field has been the subject of recent breakthroughs, including the first cryo-electron microscopy structures of tau filaments from Alzheimer’s and Pick’s disease inclusions, as well as the structure of the repeat regions of tau bound to microtubules. Tau structure covers various species as the tau protein itself takes many forms. We will here address a range of studies that help to define the many facets of tau protein structures and how they translate into pathogenic forms. New results shed light on previous data that need now to be revisited in order to up-date our knowledge of tau molecular structure. Finally, we explore how these data can contribute the important medical aspects of this research - diagnosis and therapeutics.
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50
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Ordered Assembly of Tau Protein and Neurodegeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1184:3-21. [PMID: 32096024 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9358-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Tau filaments with distinct morphologies and/or isoform compositions underlie a large number of human neurodegenerative diseases. Their formation is important, because dominantly inherited mutations in MAPT, the tau gene, cause frontotemporal dementia with abundant filamentous tau inclusions. Assembly of tau may begin in a specific region of the brain, from where it spreads to other areas. It remains to be seen if the molecular species underlying tau aggregate-mediated neurodegeneration and propagation are the same or different. In the brains of mice transgenic for human mutant P301S tau, small tau filaments are the predominant seed-competent species. It has been suggested that different conformers of assembled tau may give rise to different human tauopathies, but until recently, it was not possible to study this directly. Electron cryo-microscopy can now be used to determine high-resolution structures of amyloid filaments from human brain. Paired helical and straight tau filaments of Alzheimer's disease are ultrastructural polymorphs. Each filament core is composed of two identical protofilaments extending from G273/304-E380 (in the numbering of the 441 amino acid isoform of human tau), which adopt a combined cross-β/β-helix structure. They comprise the ends of the first or second microtubule-binding repeat (R1 or R2), the whole of R3 and R4, as well as 12 amino acids after R4. By contrast, the core of the narrow filament of Pick's disease consists of a single protofilament extending from K254-F378 of 3R tau, which adopts a cross-β structure. It comprises the last 21 amino acids of R1, all of R3 and R4, as well as 10 amino acids after R4. Wide tau filaments of Pick's disease, which are in the minority, consist of two narrow filaments packed against each other. The tau filament folds of Alzheimer's and Pick's diseases appear to be conserved between different cases of disease. These findings show that filamentous tau adopts one fold in Alzheimer's disease and a different fold in Pick's disease, establishing the existence of distinct conformers.
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