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Sisson TH, Osterholzer JJ, Leung L, Basrur V, Nesvizhskii A, Subbotina N, Warnock M, Torrente D, Virk AQ, Horowitz JC, Migliorini M, Strickland DK, Kim KK, Huang SK, Lawrence DA. PAI-1 Interaction with Sortilin Related Receptor-1 is Required for Lung Fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.06.606812. [PMID: 39211273 PMCID: PMC11361096 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.06.606812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been previously shown to promote lung fibrosis via a mechanism that requires an intact vitronectin (VTN) binding site. In the present study, employing two distinct murine fibrosis models, we find that VTN is not required for PAI-1 to drive lung scarring. This result suggested the existence of a previously unrecognized profibrotic PAI-1-protein interaction involving the VTN-binding site for PAI-1. Using an unbiased proteomic approach, we identified sortilin related receptor 1 (SorlA) as the most highly enriched PAI-1 interactor in the fibrosing lung. We next investigated the role of SorlA in pulmonary fibrosis and found that SorlA deficiency protected against lung scarring in a murine model. We further show that, while VTN deficiency does not influence fibrogenesis in the presence or absence of PAI-1, SorlA is required for PAI-1 to promote scarring. These results, together with data showing increased SorlA levels in human IPF lung tissue, support a novel mechanism through which the potent profibrotic mediator PAI-1 drives lung fibrosis and implicate SorlA as a new therapeutic target in IPF treatment.
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Yamamoto K, Scilabra SD, Bonelli S, Jensen A, Scavenius C, Enghild JJ, Strickland DK. Novel insights into the multifaceted and tissue-specific roles of the endocytic receptor LRP1. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107521. [PMID: 38950861 PMCID: PMC11325810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated endocytosis provides a mechanism for the selective uptake of specific molecules thereby controlling the composition of the extracellular environment and biological processes. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a widely expressed endocytic receptor that regulates cellular events by modulating the levels of numerous extracellular molecules via rapid endocytic removal. LRP1 also participates in signalling pathways through this modulation as well as in the interaction with membrane receptors and cytoplasmic adaptor proteins. LRP1 SNPs are associated with several diseases and conditions such as migraines, aortic aneurysms, cardiopulmonary dysfunction, corneal clouding, and bone dysmorphology and mineral density. Studies using Lrp1 KO mice revealed a critical, nonredundant and tissue-specific role of LRP1 in regulating various physiological events. However, exactly how LRP1 functions to regulate so many distinct and specific processes is still not fully clear. Our recent proteomics studies have identified more than 300 secreted proteins that either directly interact with LRP1 or are modulated by LRP1 in various tissues. This review will highlight the remarkable ability of this receptor to regulate secreted molecules in a tissue-specific manner and discuss potential mechanisms underpinning such specificity. Uncovering the depth of these "hidden" specific interactions modulated by LRP1 will provide novel insights into a dynamic and complex extracellular environment that is involved in diverse biological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Simone D Scilabra
- Proteomics Group of Ri.MED Foundation, Research Department IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Bonelli
- Proteomics Group of Ri.MED Foundation, Research Department IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy; Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anders Jensen
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Cooper JM, Lathuiliere A, Su EJ, Song Y, Torrente D, Jo Y, Weinrich N, Sales JD, Migliorini M, Sisson TH, Lawrence DA, Hyman BT, Strickland DK. SORL1 is a receptor for tau that promotes tau seeding. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107313. [PMID: 38657864 PMCID: PMC11145553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sortilin-related receptor 1 (SORL1) is an intracellular sorting receptor genetically implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that impacts amyloid precursor protein trafficking. The objective of these studies was to test the hypothesis that SORL1 binds tau, modulates its cellular trafficking and impacts the aggregation of cytoplasmic tau induced by pathological forms of tau. Using surface plasmon resonance measurements, we observed high-affinity binding of tau to SORL1 and the vacuolar protein sorting 10 domain of SORL1. Interestingly, unlike LDL receptor-related protein 1, SORL1 binds tau at both pH 7.4 and pH 5.5, revealing its ability to bind tau at endosomal pH. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed that exogenously added tau colocalized with SORL1 in H4 neuroglioma cells, while overexpression of SORL1 in LDL receptor-related protein 1-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells resulted in a marked increase in the internalization of tau, indicating that SORL1 can bind and mediate the internalization of monomeric forms of tau. We further demonstrated that SORL1 mediates tau seeding when tau RD P301S FRET biosensor cells expressing SORL1 were incubated with high molecular weight forms of tau isolated from the brains of patients with AD. Seeding in H4 neuroglioma cells is significantly reduced when SORL1 is knocked down with siRNA. Finally, we demonstrate that the N1358S mutant of SORL1 significantly increases tau seeding when compared to WT SORL1, identifying for the first time a potential mechanism that connects this specific SORL1 mutation to Alzheimer's disease. Together, these studies identify SORL1 as a receptor that contributes to trafficking and seeding of pathogenic tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Cooper
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aurelien Lathuiliere
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Memory Center, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Enming J Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yuyu Song
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Torrente
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Youhwa Jo
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Weinrich
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Diaz Sales
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Migliorini
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas H Sisson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel A Lawrence
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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4
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Tindall CA, Möhlis K, Rapöhn I, Dommel S, Riedl V, Schneekönig M, Höfling C, Roßner S, Stichel J, Beck-Sickinger AG, Weiner J, Heiker JT. LRP1 is the cell-surface endocytosis receptor for vaspin in adipocytes. FEBS J 2024; 291:2134-2154. [PMID: 37921063 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaspin is a serine protease inhibitor that protects against adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, two key drivers of adipocyte dysfunction and metabolic disorders in obesity. Inhibition of target proteases such as KLK7 has been shown to reduce adipose tissue inflammation in obesity, while vaspin binding to cell surface GRP78 has been linked to reduced obesity-induced ER stress and insulin resistance in the liver. However, the molecular mechanisms by which vaspin directly affects cellular processes in adipocytes remain unknown. Using fluorescently labeled vaspin, we found that vaspin is rapidly internalized by mouse and human adipocytes, but less efficiently by endothelial, kidney, liver, and neuronal cells. Internalization occurs by active, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which is dependent on vaspin binding to the LRP1 receptor, rather than GRP78 as previously thought. This was demonstrated by competition experiments and RNAi-mediated knock-down in adipocytes and by rescuing vaspin internalization in LRP1-deficient Pea13 cells after transfection with a functional LRP1 minireceptor. Vaspin internalization is further increased in mature adipocytes after insulin-stimulated translocation of LRP1. Although vaspin has nanomolar affinity for LRP1 clusters II-IV, binding to cell surface heparan sulfates is required for efficient LRP1-mediated internalization. Native, but not cleaved vaspin, and also vaspin polymers are efficiently endocytosed, and ultimately targeted for lysosomal degradation. Our study provides mechanistic insight into the uptake and degradation of vaspin in adipocytes, thereby broadening our understanding of its functional repertoire. We hypothesize the vaspin-LRP1 axis to be an important mediator of vaspin effects not only in adipose tissue but also in other LRP1-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Tindall
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin Möhlis
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inka Rapöhn
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dommel
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Veronika Riedl
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Schneekönig
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Corinna Höfling
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Roßner
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Stichel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Juliane Weiner
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Kim JH, Shivkumar A, Norimoto M, Castro Lingl S, Seitz C, Amaro RE, Gonias SL, Yang J, Campana WM. Binding and Activation of LRP1-Dependent Cell Signaling in Schwann Cells Using a Peptide Derived from the Hemopexin Domain of MMP-9. Biochemistry 2024; 63:725-732. [PMID: 38450612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) undergo phenotypic transformation and then orchestrate nerve repair following a peripheral nervous system injury. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) is significantly upregulated in SCs in response to acute injury, activating cJun and promoting SC survival. Matrix-metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is an LRP1 ligand that binds LRP1 through its hemopexin domain (PEX) and activates SC survival signaling and migration. To identify novel peptide mimetics within the hemopexin domain of MMP-9, we examined the crystal structure of PEX, synthesized four peptides, and examined their potential to bind and activate LRP1. We demonstrate that a 22 amino acid peptide, peptide 2, was the only peptide that activated Akt and ERK1/2 signaling in SCs, similar to a glutathione s-transferase (GST)-fused holoprotein, GST-PEX. Intraneural injection of peptide 2, but not vehicle, into crush-injured sciatic nerves activated cJun greater than 2.5-fold in wild-type mice, supporting that peptide 2 can activate the SC repair signaling in vivo. Peptide 2 also bound to Fc-fusion proteins containing the ligand-binding motifs of LRP1, clusters of complement-like repeats (CCRII and CCRIV). Pulldown and computational studies of alanine mutants of peptide 2 showed that positively charged lysine and arginine amino acids within the peptide are critical for stability and binding to CCRII. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that a novel peptide derived from PEX can serve as an LRP1 agonist and possesses qualities previously associated with LRP1 binding and SC signaling in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Aashish Shivkumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Masaki Norimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sascha Castro Lingl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christian Seitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Rommie E Amaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Steve L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jerry Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wendy M Campana
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- San Diego VA Health Care System, San Diego, California 92161, United States
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6
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Dai W, Zhang H, Lund H, Zhang Z, Castleberry M, Rodriguez M, Kuriakose G, Gupta S, Lewandowska M, Powers HR, Valmiki S, Zhu J, Shapiro AD, Hussain MM, López JA, Sorci-Thomas MG, Silverstein RL, Ginsberg HN, Sahoo D, Tabas I, Zheng Z. Intracellular tPA-PAI-1 interaction determines VLDL assembly in hepatocytes. Science 2023; 381:eadh5207. [PMID: 37651538 PMCID: PMC10697821 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh5207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B (apoB)-lipoproteins initiate and promote atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Plasma tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity is negatively associated with atherogenic apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol levels in humans, but the mechanisms are unknown. We found that tPA, partially through the lysine-binding site on its Kringle 2 domain, binds to the N terminus of apoB, blocking the interaction between apoB and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) in hepatocytes, thereby reducing very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly and plasma apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) sequesters tPA away from apoB and increases VLDL assembly. Humans with PAI-1 deficiency have smaller VLDL particles and lower plasma levels of apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol. These results suggest a mechanism that fine-tunes VLDL assembly by intracellular interactions among tPA, PAI-1, and apoB in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dai
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Heng Zhang
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hayley Lund
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Maya Rodriguez
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - George Kuriakose
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sweta Gupta
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA
| | | | - Hayley R. Powers
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Swati Valmiki
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Jieqing Zhu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Amy D. Shapiro
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA
| | - M. Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - José A. López
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mary G. Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Roy L. Silverstein
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Henry N. Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ze Zheng
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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7
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Mantuano E, Zampieri C, Azmoon P, Gunner CB, Heye KR, Gonias SL. An LRP1-binding motif in cellular prion protein replicates cell-signaling activities of the full-length protein. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170121. [PMID: 37368488 PMCID: PMC10445690 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) functions as a receptor for nonpathogenic cellular prion protein (PrPC), which is released from cells by ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain) proteases or in extracellular vesicles. This interaction activates cell signaling and attenuates inflammatory responses. We screened 14-mer PrPC-derived peptides and identified a putative LRP1 recognition motif in the PrPC sequence spanning residues 98-111. A synthetic peptide (P3) corresponding to this region replicated the cell-signaling and biological activities of full-length shed PrPC. P3 blocked LPS-elicited cytokine expression in macrophages and microglia and rescued the heightened sensitivity to LPS in mice in which the PrPC gene (Prnp) had been deleted. P3 activated ERK1/2 and induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. The response to P3 required LRP1 and the NMDA receptor and was blocked by the PrPC-specific antibody, POM2. P3 has Lys residues, which are typically necessary for LRP1 binding. Converting Lys100 and Lys103 into Ala eliminated the activity of P3, suggesting that these residues are essential in the LRP1-binding motif. A P3 derivative in which Lys105 and Lys109 were converted into Ala retained activity. We conclude that the biological activities of shed PrPC, attributed to interaction with LRP1, are retained in synthetic peptides, which may be templates for therapeutics development.
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Chun H, Kurasawa JH, Olivares P, Marakasova ES, Shestopal SA, Hassink GU, Karnaukhova E, Migliorini M, Obi JO, Smith AK, Wintrode PL, Durai P, Park K, Deredge D, Strickland DK, Sarafanov AG. Characterization of interaction between blood coagulation factor VIII and LRP1 suggests dynamic binding by alternating complex contacts. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2255-2269. [PMID: 35810466 PMCID: PMC9804390 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiency in blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) results in life-threating bleeding (hemophilia A) treated by infusions of FVIII concentrates. To improve disease treatment, FVIII has been modified to increase its plasma half-life, which requires understanding mechanisms of FVIII catabolism. An important catabolic actor is hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), which also regulates many other clinically significant processes. Previous studies showed complexity of FVIII site for binding LRP1. OBJECTIVES To characterize binding sites between FVIII and LRP1 and suggest a model of the interaction. METHODS A series of recombinant ligand-binding complement-type repeat (CR) fragments of LRP1 including mutated variants was generated in a baculovirus system and tested for FVIII interaction using surface plasmon resonance, tissue culture model, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and in silico. RESULTS Multiple CR doublets within LRP1 clusters II and IV were identified as alternative FVIII-binding sites. These interactions follow the canonical binding mode providing major binding energy, and additional weak interactions are contributed by adjacent CR domains. A representative CR doublet was shown to have multiple contact sites on FVIII. CONCLUSIONS FVIII and LRP1 interact via formation of multiple complex contacts involving both canonical and non-canonical binding combinations. We propose that FVIII-LRP1 interaction occurs via switching such alternative binding combinations in a dynamic mode, and that this mechanism is relevant to other ligand interactions of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family members including LRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haarin Chun
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - James H. Kurasawa
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
- Present address:
Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, GaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Philip Olivares
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Ekaterina S. Marakasova
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
- Present address:
(1) Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver SpringMarylandUSA
- Present address:
George Mason University, School of Systems Biology, FairfaxVirginiaUSA
| | - Svetlana A. Shestopal
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Gabriela U. Hassink
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
- Present address:
GSK‐Rockville Center for Vaccines Research, RockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Elena Karnaukhova
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Mary Migliorini
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory DiseasesDepartments of Surgery and PhysiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Juliet O. Obi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Maryland School of PharmacyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ally K. Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Maryland School of PharmacyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Patrick L. Wintrode
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Maryland School of PharmacyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Prasannavenkatesh Durai
- Natural Product Informatics Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungRepublic of Korea
| | - Keunwan Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungRepublic of Korea
| | - Daniel Deredge
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Maryland School of PharmacyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Dudley K. Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory DiseasesDepartments of Surgery and PhysiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Andrey G. Sarafanov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
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9
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Mogensen EH, Poulsen ET, Thøgersen IB, Yamamoto K, Brüel A, Enghild JJ. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) interactome in the human cornea. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:109081. [PMID: 35461874 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The human cornea is responsible for approximately 70% of the eye's optical power and, together with the lens, constitutes the only transparent tissue in the human body. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a large, multitalented endocytic receptor, is expressed throughout the human cornea, yet its role in the cornea remains unknown. More than 30 years ago, LRP1 was purified by exploiting its affinity for the activated form of the protease inhibitor alpha-2-macroblulin (A2M), and the original purification protocol is generally referred to in studies involving full-length LRP1. Here, we provide a novel and simplified LRP1 purification protocol based on LRP1's affinity for receptor-related protein (RAP) that produces significantly higher yields of authentic LRP1. Purified LRP1 was used to map its unknown interactome in the human cornea. Corneal proteins extracted under physiologically relevant conditions were subjected to LRP1 affinity pull-down, and LRP1 ligand candidates were identified by LC-MS/MS. A total of 28 LRP1 ligand candidates were found, including 22 novel ligands. The LRP1 corneal interactome suggests a novel role for LRP1 as a regulator of the corneal immune response, structure, and ultimately corneal transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Hage Mogensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ida B Thøgersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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10
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Wang Z, Martellucci S, Van Enoo A, Austin D, Gelber C, Campana WM. α1-Antitrypsin derived SP16 peptide demonstrates efficacy in rodent models of acute and neuropathic pain. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22093. [PMID: 34888951 PMCID: PMC8669735 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101031rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SP16 is an innovative peptide derived from the carboxyl-terminus of α1-Antitrypsin (AAT), corresponding to residues 364-380, and contains recognition sequences for the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1). LRP1 is an endocytic and cell-signaling receptor that regulates inflammation. Deletion of Lrp1 in Schwann cells increases neuropathic pain; however, the role of LRP1 activation in nociceptive and neuropathic pain regulation remains unknown. Herein, we show that SP16 is bioactive in sensory neurons in vitro. Neurite length and regenerative gene expression were increased by SP16. In PC12 cells, SP16 activated Akt and ERK1/2 cell-signaling in an LRP1-dependent manner. When formalin was injected into mouse hind paws, to model inflammatory pain, SP16 dose-dependently attenuated nociceptive pain behaviors in the early and late phases. In a second model of acute pain using capsaicin, SP16 significantly reduced paw licking in both male and female mice (p < .01) similarly to enzymatically inactive tissue plasminogen activator, a known LRP1 interactor. SP16 also prevented development of tactile allodynia after partial nerve ligation and this response was sustained for nine days (p < .01). Immunoblot analysis of the injured nerve revealed decreased CD11b (p < .01) and Toll-like receptor-4 (p < .005). In injured dorsal root ganglia SP16 reduced CD11b+ cells (p < .05) and GFAP (p < .005), indicating that inflammatory cell recruitment and satellite cell activation were inhibited. In conclusion, administration of SP16 blocked pain-related responses in three distinct pain models, suggesting efficacy against acute nociceptive, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain. SP16 also attenuated innate immunity in the PNS. These studies identify SP16 as a potentially effective treatment for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093-0629 USA
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093-0629 USA
| | - Alicia Van Enoo
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093-0629 USA;,Program in Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Wendy M. Campana
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093-0629 USA;,Program in Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA;,San Diego Veterans Administration Health Care System, CA, 92161, USA
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11
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Marakasova E, Olivares P, Karnaukhova E, Chun H, Hernandez NE, Kurasawa JH, Hassink GU, Shestopal SA, Strickland DK, Sarafanov AG. Molecular chaperone RAP interacts with LRP1 in a dynamic bivalent mode and enhances folding of ligand-binding regions of other LDLR family receptors. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100842. [PMID: 34058195 PMCID: PMC8239462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family of receptors are cell-surface receptors that internalize numerous ligands and play crucial role in various processes, such as lipoprotein metabolism, hemostasis, fetal development, etc. Previously, receptor-associated protein (RAP) was described as a molecular chaperone for LDLR-related protein 1 (LRP1), a prominent member of the LDLR family. We aimed to verify this role of RAP for LRP1 and two other LDLR family receptors, LDLR and vLDLR, and to investigate the mechanisms of respective interactions using a cell culture model system, purified system, and in silico modelling. Upon coexpression of RAP with clusters of the ligand-binding complement repeats (CRs) of the receptors in secreted form in insect cells culture, the isolated proteins had increased yield, enhanced folding, and improved binding properties compared with proteins expressed without RAP, as determined by circular dichroism and surface plasmon resonance. Within LRP1 CR-clusters II and IV, we identified multiple sites comprised of adjacent CR doublets, which provide alternative bivalent binding combinations with specific pairs of lysines on RAP. Mutational analysis of these lysines within each of isolated RAP D1/D2 and D3 domains having high affinity to LRP1 and of conserved tryptophans on selected CR-doublets of LRP1, as well as in silico docking of a model LRP1 CR-triplet with RAP, indicated a universal role for these residues in interaction of RAP and LRP1. Consequently, we propose a new model of RAP interaction with LDLR family receptors based on switching of the bivalent contacts between molecules over time in a dynamic mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Marakasova
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip Olivares
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Elena Karnaukhova
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Haarin Chun
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy E Hernandez
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - James H Kurasawa
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabriela U Hassink
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Svetlana A Shestopal
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrey G Sarafanov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
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12
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Munshaw S, Bruche S, Redpath AN, Jones A, Patel J, Dubé KN, Lee R, Hester SS, Davies R, Neal G, Handa A, Sattler M, Fischer R, Channon KM, Smart N. Thymosin β4 protects against aortic aneurysm via endocytic regulation of growth factor signaling. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:127884. [PMID: 33784254 PMCID: PMC8121525 DOI: 10.1172/jci127884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular stability and tone are maintained by contractile smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, injury-induced growth factors stimulate a contractile-synthetic phenotypic modulation which increases susceptibility to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). As a regulator of embryonic VSMC differentiation, we hypothesized that Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) may function to maintain healthy vasculature throughout postnatal life. This was supported by the identification of an interaction with low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1), an endocytic regulator of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) signaling and VSMC proliferation. LRP1 variants have been implicated by genome-wide association studies with risk of AAA and other arterial diseases. Tβ4-null mice displayed aortic VSMC and elastin defects that phenocopy those of LRP1 mutants, and their compromised vascular integrity predisposed them to Angiotensin II-induced aneurysm formation. Aneurysmal vessels were characterized by enhanced VSMC phenotypic modulation and augmented PDGFR-β signaling. In vitro, enhanced sensitivity to PDGF-BB upon loss of Tβ4 was associated with dysregulated endocytosis, with increased recycling and reduced lysosomal targeting of LRP1-PDGFR-β. Accordingly, the exacerbated aneurysmal phenotype in Tβ4-null mice was rescued upon treatment with the PDGFR-β antagonist Imatinib. Our study identifies Tβ4 as a key regulator of LRP1 for maintaining vascular health, and provides insights into the mechanisms of growth factor-controlled VSMC phenotypic modulation underlying aortic disease progression.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/adverse effects
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Becaplermin/genetics
- Becaplermin/metabolism
- Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1/genetics
- Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Thymosin/genetics
- Thymosin/metabolism
- Thymosin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Munshaw
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susann Bruche
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andia N. Redpath
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alisha Jones
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
- Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Chemistry Department, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Munich, Germany
| | - Jyoti Patel
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Regent Lee
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Svenja S. Hester
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Davies
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Giles Neal
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashok Handa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
- Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Chemistry Department, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M. Channon
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Smart
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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He Z, Wang G, Wu J, Tang Z, Luo M. The molecular mechanism of LRP1 in physiological vascular homeostasis and signal transduction pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111667. [PMID: 34243608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes (PCs) and macrophages (MФ), the major components of blood vessels, play a crucial role in maintaining vascular structural and functional homeostasis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1), a transmembrane receptor protein belonging to the LDL receptor family, plays multifunctional roles in maintaining endocytosis, homeostasis, and signal transduction. Accumulating evidence suggests that LRP1 modulates vascular homeostasis mainly by regulating vasoactive substances and specific intracellular signaling pathways, including the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) signaling pathway, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathway, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. The aim of the present review is to focus on recent advances in the discovery and mechanism of vascular homeostasis regulated by LRP1-dependent signaling pathways. These recent discoveries expand our understanding of the mechanisms controlling LRP1 as a target for studies on vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zonghao Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mao Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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14
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Cooper JM, Lathuiliere A, Migliorini M, Arai AL, Wani MM, Dujardin S, Muratoglu SC, Hyman BT, Strickland DK. Regulation of tau internalization, degradation, and seeding by LRP1 reveals multiple pathways for tau catabolism. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100715. [PMID: 33930462 PMCID: PMC8164048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), pathological forms of tau are transferred from cell to cell and “seed” aggregation of cytoplasmic tau. Phosphorylation of tau plays a key role in neurodegenerative tauopathies. In addition, apolipoprotein E (apoE), a major component of lipoproteins in the brain, is a genetic risk determinant for AD. The identification of the apoE receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 (LRP1), as an endocytic receptor for tau raises several questions about the role of LRP1 in tauopathies: is internalized tau, like other LRP1 ligands, delivered to lysosomes for degradation, and does LRP1 internalize pathological tau leading to cytosolic seeding? We found that LRP1 rapidly internalizes 125I-labeled tau, which is then efficiently degraded in lysosomal compartments. Surface plasmon resonance experiments confirm high affinity binding of tau and the tau microtubule-binding domain to LRP1. Interestingly, phosphorylated forms of recombinant tau bind weakly to LRP1 and are less efficiently internalized by LRP1. LRP1-mediated uptake of tau is inhibited by apoE, with the apoE4 isoform being the most potent inhibitor, likely because of its higher affinity for LRP1. Employing post-translationally–modified tau derived from brain lysates of human AD brain tissue, we found that LRP1-expressing cells, but not LRP1-deficient cells, promote cytosolic tau seeding in a process enhanced by apoE. These studies identify LRP1 as an endocytic receptor that binds and processes monomeric forms of tau leading to its degradation and promotes seeding by pathological forms of tau. The balance of these processes may be fundamental to the spread of neuropathology across the brain in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Cooper
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aurelien Lathuiliere
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary Migliorini
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Allison L Arai
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mashhood M Wani
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon Dujardin
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Selen C Muratoglu
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a functional biomarker of the metabolic syndrome. Previous studies have demonstrated that PAI-1 is a mechanistic contributor to several elements of the syndrome, including obesity, hypertension and insulin resistance. Here we show that PAI-1 is also a critical regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism. RNA sequencing revealed that PAI-1 directly regulates the transcriptional expression of numerous genes involved in mammalian lipid homeostasis, including PCSK9 and FGF21. Pharmacologic or genetic reductions in plasma PAI-1 activity ameliorates hyperlipidemia in vivo. These experimental findings are complemented with the observation that genetic deficiency of PAI-1 is associated with reduced plasma PCSK9 levels in humans. Taken together, our findings identify PAI-1 as a novel contributor to mammalian lipid metabolism and provides a fundamental mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of one of the most pervasive medical problems worldwide.
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16
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Fouët G, Gout E, Wicker-Planquart C, Bally I, De Nardis C, Dedieu S, Chouquet A, Gaboriaud C, Thielens NM, Kleman JP, Rossi V. Complement C1q Interacts With LRP1 Clusters II and IV Through a Site Close but Different From the Binding Site of Its C1r and C1s-Associated Proteases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583754. [PMID: 33193398 PMCID: PMC7609443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LRP1 is a large endocytic modular receptor that plays a crucial role in the scavenging of apoptotic material through binding to pattern-recognition molecules. It is a membrane anchored receptor of the LDL receptor family with 4 extracellular clusters of ligand binding modules called cysteine rich complement-type repeats that are involved in the interaction of LRP1 with its numerous ligands. Complement C1q was shown to interact with LRP1 and to be implicated in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. The present work aimed at exploring how these two large molecules interact at the molecular level using a dissection strategy. For that purpose, recombinant LRP1 clusters II, III and IV were produced in mammalian HEK293F cells and their binding properties were investigated. Clusters II and IV were found to interact specifically and efficiently with C1q with KDs in the nanomolar range. The use of truncated C1q fragments and recombinant mutated C1q allowed to localize more precisely the binding site for LRP1 on the collagen-like regions of C1q (CLRs), nearby the site that is implicated in the interaction with the cognate protease tetramer C1r2s2. This site could be a common anchorage for other ligands of C1q CLRs such as sulfated proteoglycans and Complement receptor type 1. The use of a cellular model, consisting in CHO LRP1-null cells transfected with full-length LRP1 or a cluster IV minireceptor (mini IV) confirmed that mini IV interacts with C1q at the cell membrane as well as full-length LRP1. Further cellular interaction studies finally highlighted that mini IV can endorse the full-length LRP1 binding efficiency for apoptotic cells and that C1q has no impact on this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelyne Gout
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Isabelle Bally
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Camilla De Nardis
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stéphane Dedieu
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR CNRS 7369 MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Anne Chouquet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
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17
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Mantuano E, Azmoon P, Banki MA, Lam MS, Sigurdson CJ, Gonias SL. A soluble derivative of PrP C activates cell-signaling and regulates cell physiology through LRP1 and the NMDA receptor. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14178-14188. [PMID: 32788217 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a widely expressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein. Scrapie prion protein is a misfolded and aggregated form of PrPC responsible for prion-induced neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the function of the nonpathogenic PrPC monomer is an important objective. PrPC may be shed from the cell surface to generate soluble derivatives. Herein, we studied a recombinant derivative of PrPC (soluble cellular prion protein, S-PrP) that corresponds closely in sequence to a soluble form of PrPC shed from the cell surface by proteases in the A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease (ADAM) family. S-PrP activated cell-signaling in PC12 and N2a cells. TrkA was transactivated by Src family kinases and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 was activated downstream of Trk receptors. These cell-signaling events were dependent on the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1), which functioned as a cell-signaling receptor system in lipid rafts. Membrane-anchored PrPC and neural cell adhesion molecule were not required for S-PrP-initiated cell-signaling. S-PrP promoted PC12 cell neurite outgrowth. This response required the NMDA-R, LRP1, Src family kinases, and Trk receptors. In Schwann cells, S-PrP interacted with the LRP1/NMDA-R system to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and promote cell migration. The effects of S-PrP on PC12 cell neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell migration were similar to those caused by other proteins that engage the LRP1/NMDA-R system, including activated α2-macroglobulin and tissue-type plasminogen activator. Collectively, these results demonstrate that shed forms of PrPC may exhibit important biological activities in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system by serving as ligands for the LRP1/NMDA-R system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Mantuano
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pardis Azmoon
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael A Banki
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael S Lam
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christina J Sigurdson
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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18
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Arai AL, Migliorini M, Au DT, Hahn-Dantona E, Peeney D, Stetler-Stevenson WG, Muratoglu SC, Strickland DK. High-Affinity Binding of LDL Receptor-Related Protein 1 to Matrix Metalloprotease 1 Requires Protease:Inhibitor Complex Formation. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2922-2933. [PMID: 32702237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activation contributes to the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), resulting in a multitude of pathologies. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifaceted endocytic and signaling receptor that is responsible for internalization and lysosomal degradation of diverse proteases, protease inhibitors, and lipoproteins along with numerous other proteins. In this study, we identified MMP-1 as a novel LRP1 ligand. Binding studies employing surface plasmon resonance revealed that both proMMP-1 and active MMP-1 bind to purified LRP1 with equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) of 19 and 25 nM, respectively. We observed that human aortic smooth muscle cells readily internalize and degrade 125I-labeled proMMP-1 in an LRP1-mediated process. Our binding data also revealed that all tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs) bind to LRP1 with KD values ranging from 23 to 33 nM. Interestingly, the MMP-1/TIMP-1 complex bound to LRP1 with an affinity (KD = 0.6 nM) that was 30-fold higher than that of either component alone, revealing that LRP1 prefers the protease:inhibitor complex as a ligand. Of note, modification of lysine residues on either proMMP-1 or TIMP-1 ablated the ability of the MMP-1/TIMP-1 complex to bind to LRP1. LRP1's preferential binding to enzyme:inhibitor complexes was further supported by the higher binding affinity for proMMP-9/TIMP-1 complexes than for either of these two components alone. LRP1 has four clusters of ligand-binding repeats, and MMP-1, TIMP-1, and MMP-1/TIMP-1 complexes bound to cluster III most avidly. Our results reveal an important role for LRP1 in controlling ECM homeostasis by regulating MMP-1 and MMP-9 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David Peeney
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - William G Stetler-Stevenson
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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19
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Khoukaz HB, Ji Y, Braet DJ, Vadali M, Abdelhamid AA, Emal CD, Lawrence DA, Fay WP. Drug Targeting of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Inhibits Metabolic Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis in a Murine Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1479-1490. [PMID: 32268785 PMCID: PMC7255962 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enhanced expression of PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) has been implicated in atherosclerosis formation in humans with obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, little is known about the effects of pharmacological targeting of PAI-1 on atherogenesis. This study examined the effects of pharmacological PAI-1 inhibition on atherosclerosis formation in a murine model of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Approach and Results: LDL receptor-deficient (ldlr-/-) mice were fed a Western diet high in cholesterol, fat, and sucrose to induce obesity, metabolic dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Western diet triggered significant upregulation of PAI-1 expression compared with normal diet controls. Addition of a pharmacological PAI-1 inhibitor (either PAI-039 or MDI-2268) to Western diet significantly inhibited obesity and atherosclerosis formation for up to 24 weeks without attenuating food consumption. Pharmacological PAI-1 inhibition significantly decreased macrophage accumulation and cell senescence in atherosclerotic plaques. Recombinant PAI-1 stimulated smooth muscle cell senescence, whereas a PAI-1 mutant defective in LRP1 (LDL receptor-related protein 1) binding did not. The prosenescent effect of PAI-1 was blocked by PAI-039 and R2629, a specific anti-LRP1 antibody. PAI-039 significantly decreased visceral adipose tissue inflammation, hyperglycemia, and hepatic triglyceride content without altering plasma lipid profiles. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological targeting of PAI-1 inhibits atherosclerosis in mice with obesity and metabolic syndrome, while inhibiting macrophage accumulation and cell senescence in atherosclerotic plaques, as well as obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. PAI-1 induces senescence of smooth muscle cells in an LRP1-dependent manner. These results help to define the role of PAI-1 in atherosclerosis formation and suggest a new plasma-lipid-independent strategy for inhibiting atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hekmat B Khoukaz
- From the Department of Medicine (H.B.K, Y.J., D.J.B., M.V., A.A.A., W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine
| | - Yan Ji
- From the Department of Medicine (H.B.K, Y.J., D.J.B., M.V., A.A.A., W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine
| | - Drew J Braet
- From the Department of Medicine (H.B.K, Y.J., D.J.B., M.V., A.A.A., W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine
| | - Manisha Vadali
- From the Department of Medicine (H.B.K, Y.J., D.J.B., M.V., A.A.A., W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine
| | - Ahmed A Abdelhamid
- From the Department of Medicine (H.B.K, Y.J., D.J.B., M.V., A.A.A., W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine
| | - Cory D Emal
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti (C.D.E.)
| | - Daniel A Lawrence
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - William P Fay
- From the Department of Medicine (H.B.K, Y.J., D.J.B., M.V., A.A.A., W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (W.P.F.)
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