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Liaqat I, Hilska I, Saario M, Jakobsson E, Crivaro M, Peränen J, Vaahtomeri K. Spatially targeted chemokine exocytosis guides transmigration at lymphatic endothelial multicellular junctions. EMBO J 2024; 43:3141-3174. [PMID: 38877304 PMCID: PMC11294460 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Migrating cells preferentially breach and integrate epithelial and endothelial monolayers at multicellular vertices. These sites are amenable to forces produced by the migrating cell and subsequent opening of the junctions. However, the cues that guide migrating cells to these entry portals, and eventually drive the transmigration process, are poorly understood. Here, we show that lymphatic endothelium multicellular junctions are the preferred sites of dendritic cell transmigration in both primary cell co-cultures and in mouse dermal explants. Dendritic cell guidance to multicellular junctions was dependent on the dendritic cell receptor CCR7, whose ligand, lymphatic endothelial chemokine CCL21, was exocytosed at multicellular junctions. Characterization of lymphatic endothelial secretory routes indicated Golgi-derived RAB6+ vesicles and RAB3+/27+ dense core secretory granules as intracellular CCL21 storage vesicles. Of these, RAB6+ vesicles trafficked CCL21 to the multicellular junctions, which were enriched with RAB6 docking factor ELKS (ERC1). Importantly, inhibition of RAB6 vesicle exocytosis attenuated dendritic cell transmigration. These data exemplify how spatially-restricted exocytosis of guidance cues helps to determine where dendritic cells transmigrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inam Liaqat
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ida Hilska
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Saario
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma Jakobsson
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Crivaro
- Light Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan Peränen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Vaahtomeri
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
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Taketa Y, Tamakoshi K, Hotta K, Maki S, Taguchi T, Takahashi H. Lymphatic Capillarization in Different Fiber Types of Rat Skeletal Muscles With Growth and Age. Microcirculation 2024:e12879. [PMID: 39073171 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the effect of growth and advancing age on lymphatic capillarization in rat skeletal muscles, we examined the histological and biochemical changes of lymphatic capillaries in different fiber types of skeletal muscles across juvenile, young, and middle-aged generations. METHODS We collected the tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and soleus (SOL) muscles. Immunohistochemical staining using LYVE-1 and CD31 markers was used for lymphatic and blood capillaries, respectively. Real-time PCR was used to analyze mRNA expression of lymphangiogenic factors. RESULTS The density of LYVE-1-positive lymphatic capillaries in the muscles peaked during the juvenile period and subsequently decreased with increasing age. In contrast to blood capillaries, fast-twitch dominant muscles (i.e., TA and EDL) exhibited an age-related decrease in lymphatic capillaries. Similar to blood capillaries, lymphatic capillaries were abundant in SOL, a slow-twitch dominant muscle, which showed less susceptibility to age-related lymphatic decline. The mRNA expression of lymphangiogenic factors was significantly upregulated in SOL and decreased in all muscles of middle-aged rats. CONCLUSIONS The age-related decrease of lymphatic capillaries in fast-twitch muscles might be associated with age-related muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Taketa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keigo Tamakoshi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hotta
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shutaro Maki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takahashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
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Gkouvi A, Tsiogkas SG, Bogdanos DP, Gika H, Goulis DG, Grammatikopoulou MG. Proteomics in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024; 28:565-586. [PMID: 38652420 PMCID: PMC11271354 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a disease of unknown pathophysiology, with the diagnosis being based on a set of clinical criteria. Proteomic analysis can provide significant biological information for the pathophysiology of the disease but may also reveal biomarkers for diagnosis or therapeutic targets. The present systematic review aims to synthesize the evidence regarding the proteome of adult patients with FMS using data from observational studies. RECENT FINDINGS An extensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, CENTRAL, and clinicaltrials.gov from inception until November 2022. The study protocol was published in OSF. Two independent reviewers evaluated the studies and extracted data. The quality of studies was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale adjusted for proteomic research. Ten studies fulfilled the protocol criteria, identifying 3328 proteins, 145 of which were differentially expressed among patients with FMS against controls. The proteins were identified in plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva samples. The control groups included healthy individuals and patients with pain (inflammatory and non-inflammatory). The most important proteins identified involved transferrin, α-, β-, and γ-fibrinogen chains, profilin-1, transaldolase, PGAM1, apolipoprotein-C3, complement C4A and C1QC, immunoglobin parts, and acute phase reactants. Weak correlations were observed between proteins and pain sensation, or quality of life scales, apart from the association of transferrin and a2-macroglobulin with moderate-to-severe pain sensation. The quality of included studies was moderate-to-good. FMS appears to be related to protein dysregulation in the complement and coagulation cascades and the metabolism of iron. Several proteins may be dysregulated due to the excessive oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arriana Gkouvi
- Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotirios G Tsiogkas
- Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Helen Gika
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Biomic_AUTh, Balkan Center Thermi B1.4, GR-57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria G Grammatikopoulou
- Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Michurina SV, Svechnikova NN, Konenkov VI, Ishchenko IY, Arkhipov SA, Arkhipova VV. Hyaluronic Acid as a LYVE-1 Receptor Ligand in the Lymphatic System of Healthy Human Skin. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 176:636-639. [PMID: 38727953 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical detection of the LYVE-1 marker in healthy human full-thickness skin (the epidermis and the dermis) was carried out. LYVE-1 expression was found in the endothelium of lymphatic capillaries located in the papillary dermis, in the endothelium of larger lymphatic vessels of the reticular dermis, and in fibroblasts, which indicates their joint participation in hyaluronan metabolism. LYVE-1+ staining detected for the first time in cells of the stratum basale, the stratum spinosum, and the stratum granulosum of healthy human epidermis indicates their participation in hyaluronan metabolism and allows us to consider the spaces between epidermis cells as prelimphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Michurina
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lympho-logy - Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - N N Svechnikova
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lympho-logy - Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V I Konenkov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lympho-logy - Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I Yu Ishchenko
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lympho-logy - Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S A Arkhipov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lympho-logy - Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V V Arkhipova
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lympho-logy - Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Czarnowska E, Ratajska A, Jankowska-Steifer E, Flaht-Zabost A, Niderla-Bielińska J. Extracellular matrix molecules associated with lymphatic vessels in health and disease. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:13-34. [PMID: 37350542 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels (LyVs), responsible for fluid, solute, and immune cell homeostasis in the body, are closely associated with the adjacent extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules whose structural and functional impact on LyVs is currently more appreciated, albeit not entirely elucidated. These molecules, serving as a platform for various connective tissue cell activities and affecting LyV biology should be considered also as an integral part of the lymphatic system. Any alterations and changes in ECM molecules over the course of disease impair the function and structure of the LyV network. Remodeling of LyV cells, which are components of lymphatic vessel walls, also triggers alterations in ECM molecules and interstitial tissue composition. Therefore, in this review we aimed to present the current knowledge on ECM in tissues and particularly on molecules surrounding lymphatics in normal conditions and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Ratajska
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jankowska-Steifer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Berdiaki A, Neagu M, Spyridaki I, Kuskov A, Perez S, Nikitovic D. Hyaluronan and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling—Novel Cues from the Matrix? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040824. [PMID: 37107200 PMCID: PMC10135151 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a naturally occurring non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) localized to the cell surface and the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM). It is composed of disaccharides containing glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine, is synthesized by the HA synthase (HAS) enzymes and is degraded by hyaluronidase (HYAL) or reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) actions. HA is deposited as a high molecular weight (HMW) polymer and degraded to low molecular weight (LMW) fragments and oligosaccharides. HA affects biological functions by interacting with HA-binding proteins (hyaladherins). HMW HA is anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antiangiogenic, whereas LMW HA has pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenetic, and oncogenic effects. ROS/RNS naturally degrade HMW HA, albeit at enhanced levels during tissue injury and inflammatory processes. Thus, the degradation of endothelial glycocalyx HA by increased ROS challenges vascular integrity and can initiate several disease progressions. Conversely, HA exerts a vital role in wound healing through ROS-mediated HA modifications, which affect the innate immune system. The normal turnover of HA protects against matrix rigidification. Insufficient turnover leads to increased tissue rigidity, leading to tissue dysfunction. Both endogenous and exogenous HMW HA have a scavenging capacity against ROS. The interactions of ROS/RNS with HA are more complex than presently perceived and present an important research topic.
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Wei Q, Deng Y, Yang Q, Zhan A, Wang L. The markers to delineate different phenotypes of macrophages related to metabolic disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1084636. [PMID: 36814909 PMCID: PMC9940311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1084636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have a wide variety of roles in physiological and pathological conditions, making them promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets in diseases, especially metabolic disorders, which have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Owing to their heterogeneity and polarization, the phenotypes and functions of macrophages related to metabolic disorders are diverse and complicated. In the past three decades, the rapid progress of macrophage research has benefited from the emergence of specific molecular markers to delineate different phenotypes of macrophages and elucidate their role in metabolic disorders. In this review, we analyze the functions and applications of commonly used and novel markers of macrophages related to metabolic disorders, facilitating the better use of these macrophage markers in metabolic disorder research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quxing Wei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyue Deng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Angyu Zhan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Sarkar P, Chattopadhyay A. Statin-induced Increase in Actin Polymerization Modulates GPCR Dynamics and Compartmentalization. Biophys J 2022:S0006-3495(22)00708-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Simple methods for quantifying super-resolved cortical actin. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2715. [PMID: 35177729 PMCID: PMC8854627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical actin plays a key role in cell movement and division, but has also been implicated in the organisation of cell surface receptors such as G protein-coupled receptors. The actin mesh proximal to the inner membrane forms small fenced regions, or 'corrals', in which receptors can be constrained. Quantification of the actin mesh at the nanoscale has largely been attempted in single molecule datasets and electron micrographs. This work describes the development and validation of workflows for analysis of super resolved fixed cortical actin images obtained by Super Resolved Radial Fluctuations (SRRF), Structured Illumination Microscopy (3D-SIM) and Expansion Microscopy (ExM). SRRF analysis was used to show a significant increase in corral area when treating cells with the actin disrupting agent cytochalasin D (increase of 0.31 µm2 ± 0.04 SEM), and ExM analysis allowed for the quantitation of actin filament densities. Thus, this work allows complex actin networks to be quantified from super-resolved images and is amenable to both fixed and live cell imaging.
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Ravaud C, Ved N, Jackson DG, Vieira JM, Riley PR. Lymphatic Clearance of Immune Cells in Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102594. [PMID: 34685572 PMCID: PMC8533855 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the lymphatic system, its function, development, and role in pathophysiology have changed our views on its importance. Historically thought to be solely involved in the transport of tissue fluid, lipids, and immune cells, the lymphatic system displays great heterogeneity and plasticity and is actively involved in immune cell regulation. Interference in any of these processes can be deleterious, both at the developmental and adult level. Preclinical studies into the cardiac lymphatic system have shown that invoking lymphangiogenesis and enhancing immune cell trafficking in ischaemic hearts can reduce myocardial oedema, reduce inflammation, and improve cardiac outcome. Understanding how immune cells and the lymphatic endothelium interact is also vital to understanding how the lymphatic vascular network can be manipulated to improve immune cell clearance. In this Review, we examine the different types of immune cells involved in fibrotic repair following myocardial infarction. We also discuss the development and function of the cardiac lymphatic vasculature and how some immune cells interact with the lymphatic endothelium in the heart. Finally, we establish how promoting lymphangiogenesis is now a prime therapeutic target for reducing immune cell persistence, inflammation, and oedema to restore heart function in ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Ravaud
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Nikita Ved
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
| | - David G. Jackson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK;
| | - Joaquim Miguel Vieira
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Paul R. Riley
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Johnson LA, Jackson DG. Hyaluronan and Its Receptors: Key Mediators of Immune Cell Entry and Trafficking in the Lymphatic System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082061. [PMID: 34440831 PMCID: PMC8393520 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Entry to the afferent lymphatics marks the first committed step for immune cell migration from tissues to draining lymph nodes both for the generation of immune responses and for timely resolution of tissue inflammation. This critical process occurs primarily at specialised discontinuous junctions in initial lymphatic capillaries, directed by chemokines released from lymphatic endothelium and orchestrated by adhesion between lymphatic receptors and their immune cell ligands. Prominent amongst the latter is the large glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) that can form a bulky glycocalyx on the surface of certain tissue-migrating leucocytes and whose engagement with its key lymphatic receptor LYVE-1 mediates docking and entry of dendritic cells to afferent lymphatics. Here we outline the latest insights into the molecular mechanisms by which the HA glycocalyx together with LYVE-1 and the related leucocyte receptor CD44 co-operate in immune cell entry, and how the process is facilitated by the unusual character of LYVE-1 • HA-binding interactions. In addition, we describe how pro-inflammatory breakdown products of HA may also contribute to lymphatic entry by transducing signals through LYVE-1 for lymphangiogenesis and increased junctional permeability. Lastly, we outline some future perspectives and highlight the LYVE-1 • HA axis as a potential target for immunotherapy.
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12
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Queisser KA, Mellema RA, Petrey AC. Hyaluronan and Its Receptors as Regulatory Molecules of the Endothelial Interface. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:25-34. [PMID: 32870756 PMCID: PMC7780188 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420954296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
On the surface of endothelial cells (ECs) lies the glycocalyx, a barrier of polysaccharides that isolates the ECs from the blood. The role of the glycocalyx is dynamic and complex, thanks to not only its structure, but its vast number of components, one being hyaluronan (HA). HA is a critical component of the glycocalyx, having been found to have a wide variety of functions depending on its molecular weight, its modification, and receptor-ligand interactions. As HA and viscous blood are in constant contact, HA can transmit mechanosensory information directly to the cytoskeleton of the ECs. The degradation and synthesis of HA directly alters the permeability of the EC barrier; HA modulation not only alters the physical barrier but also can signal the initiation of other pathways. EC proliferation and angiogenesis are in part regulated by HA fragmentation, HA-dependent receptor binding, and downstream signals. The interaction between the CD44 receptor and HA is a driving force behind leukocyte recruitment, but each class of leukocyte still interacts with HA in unique ways during inflammation. HA regulates a diverse repertoire of EC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca A Mellema
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Aaron C Petrey
- Molecular Medicine Program, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Weigel PH. Systemic Glycosaminoglycan Clearance by HARE/Stabilin-2 Activates Intracellular Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:E2366. [PMID: 33126404 PMCID: PMC7694162 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors perform essential functions, critical to maintaining mammalian physiologic homeostasis by continuously clearing vast numbers of biomolecules from blood, interstitial fluid and lymph. Stabilin-2 (Stab2) and the Hyaluronic Acid Receptor for Endocytosis (HARE), a proteolytic isoform of Stab2, are important scavenger receptors responsible for the specific binding and internalization (leading to degradation) of 22 discrete molecules, macromolecular complexes and cell types. One-third of these ligands are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Full-length Stab2, but not HARE, mediates efficient phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and bacteria via binding to target surface ligands. HARE, the C-terminal half of Stab2, mediates endocytosis of all the known soluble ligands. HA was the first ligand identified, in 1981, prior to receptor purification or cloning. Seven other GAG ligands were subsequently identified: heparin, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin and chondroitin sulfates A, C, D and E. Synthetic dextran sulfate is also a GAG mimic and ligand. HARE signaling during HA endocytosis was first discovered in 2008, and we now know that activation of HARE/Stab2 signaling is stimulated by receptor-mediated endocytosis or phagocytosis of many, but not all, of its ligands. This review focuses on the HARE-mediated GAG activation of intracellular signaling, particularly the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Gupta A, Phang IY, Wohland T. To Hop or not to Hop: Exceptions in the FCS Diffusion Law. Biophys J 2020; 118:2434-2447. [PMID: 32333863 PMCID: PMC7231916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion obstacles in membranes have not been directly visualized because of fast membrane dynamics and the occurrence of subresolution molecular complexes. To understand the obstacle characteristics, mobility-based methods are often used as an indirect way of assessing the membrane structure. Molecular movement in biological plasma membranes is often characterized by anomalous diffusion, but the exact underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Imaging total internal reflection fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (ITIR-FCS) is a well-established mobility-based method that provides spatially resolved diffusion coefficient maps and is combined with FCS diffusion law analysis to examine subresolution membrane organization. In recent years, although FCS diffusion law analysis has been instrumental in providing new insights into the membrane structure below the optical diffraction limit, there are certain exceptions and anomalies that require further clarification. To this end, we correlate the membrane structural features imaged by atomic force microscopy (AFM) with the dynamics measured using ITIR-FCS. We perform ITIR-FCS measurements on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) of various lipid compositions to characterize the anomalous diffusion of lipid molecules in distinct obstacle configurations, along with the high-resolution imaging of the membrane structures with AFM. Furthermore, we validate our experimental results by performing simulations on image grids with experimentally determined obstacle configurations. This study demonstrates that FCS diffusion law analysis is a powerful tool to determine membrane heterogeneities implied from dynamics measurements. Our results corroborate the commonly accepted interpretations of imaging FCS diffusion law analysis, and we show that exceptions happen when domains reach the percolation threshold in a biphasic membrane and a network of domains behaves rather like a meshwork, resulting in hop diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and NUS Centre for Bio-Imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Inn Yee Phang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thorsten Wohland
- Department of Biological Sciences and NUS Centre for Bio-Imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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