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Silva V, Silva A, Barbero R, Romero M, del Campo R, Caniça M, Cordeiro R, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Resistome, Virulome, and Clonal Variation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Healthy Swine Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:532. [PMID: 38790161 PMCID: PMC11121583 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigates the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): its prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characteristics in healthy swine populations in central Portugal. A total of 213 samples were collected from pigs on twelve farms, and MRSA prevalence was assessed using selective agar plates and confirmed via molecular methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were performed to characterize resistance profiles and genetic determinants. Among the 107 MRSA-positive samples (83.1% prevalence), fattening pigs and breeding sows exhibited notably high carriage rates. The genome of 20 isolates revealed the predominance of the ST398 clonal complex, with diverse spa types identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, including penicillin, cefoxitin, and tetracycline. WGS analysis identified a diverse array of resistance genes, highlighting the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, virulence gene profiling revealed the presence of genes associated with pathogenicity. These findings underscore the significant prevalence of MRSA in swine populations and emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance and control measures to mitigate zoonotic transmission risks. Implementation of prudent antimicrobial use practices and targeted intervention strategies is essential to reducing MRSA prevalence and safeguarding public health. Continued research efforts are warranted to elucidate transmission dynamics and virulence potential, ultimately ensuring food safety and public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Adriana Silva
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Raquel Barbero
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain (M.R.); (R.d.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Romero
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain (M.R.); (R.d.C.)
| | - Rosa del Campo
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain (M.R.); (R.d.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui Cordeiro
- Intergados, SA, Av. de Olivença, S/N, 2870-108 Montijo, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patricia Poeta
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Botti V, De Bei O, Marchetti M, Campanini B, Cannistraro S, Bettati S, Bizzarri AR. Nanoscale dynamical investigation of the hemoglobin complex with the bacterial protein IsdB: is their interaction stabilized by catch bonds? NANOSCALE 2024; 16:4308-4316. [PMID: 38353599 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05241a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Iron-regulated surface determinant B (IsdB) is a surface protein of Staphylococcus aureus that plays essential roles in host cell invasion by mediating both bacterial adhesion and hemic iron acquisition. Single-molecule experiments have recently revealed that the binding of IsdB to vitronectin and integrins is dramatically strengthened under mechanical stress conditions, promoting staphylococcal adhesion. Here we conducted atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) measurements of the interaction between IsdB and hemoglobin (Hb), in both its oxidized (metHb) and reduced forms (HbCO). While the former represents the natural substrate for IsdB, the latter is resistant to heme extraction. For the unbinding between IsdB and HbCO, we obtained a linear trend in the Bell-Evans plot, indicative of a weakening of the interaction upon mechanical stress. For the unbinding between IsdB and metHb, we found similar behavior at low loading rates. Remarkably, a non-linear trend of the complex interaction force was detected at higher force-pulling rates. Such behavior may provide some cues to the ability of IsdB to form stress-dependent bonds also with Hb, possibly enabling a more efficient heme transfer through stabilization of the transient (in vivo) IsdB-Hb complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Botti
- Biophysics and Nanoscience Centre, DEB, Università della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Omar De Bei
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
| | - Marialaura Marchetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
| | - Barbara Campanini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cannistraro
- Biophysics and Nanoscience Centre, DEB, Università della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, via G. Moruzzi, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bizzarri
- Biophysics and Nanoscience Centre, DEB, Università della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
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Gonzalez JJI, Hossain MF, Neef J, Zwack EE, Tsai CM, Raafat D, Fechtner K, Herzog L, Kohler TP, Schlüter R, Reder A, Holtfreter S, Liu GY, Hammerschmidt S, Völker U, Torres VJ, van Dijl JM, Lillig CH, Bröker BM, Darisipudi MN. TLR4 sensing of IsdB of Staphylococcus aureus induces a proinflammatory cytokine response via the NLRP3-caspase-1 inflammasome cascade. mBio 2024; 15:e0022523. [PMID: 38112465 PMCID: PMC10790753 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00225-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is of global concern, and vaccines are urgently needed. The iron-regulated surface determinant protein B (IsdB) of S. aureus was investigated as a vaccine candidate because of its essential role in bacterial iron acquisition but failed in clinical trials despite strong immunogenicity. Here, we reveal an unexpected second function for IsdB in pathogen-host interaction: the bacterial fitness factor IsdB triggers a strong inflammatory response in innate immune cells via Toll-like receptor 4 and the inflammasome, thus acting as a novel pathogen-associated molecular pattern of S. aureus. Our discovery contributes to a better understanding of how S. aureus modulates the immune response, which is necessary for vaccine development against the sophisticated pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Faruq Hossain
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jolanda Neef
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erin E. Zwack
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Chih-Ming Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dina Raafat
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kevin Fechtner
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Luise Herzog
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas P. Kohler
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlüter
- Imaging Center of the Department of Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Reder
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silva Holtfreter
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - George Y. Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Victor J. Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher H. Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara M. Bröker
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Murty N. Darisipudi
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Brangulis K, Akopjana I, Bogans J, Kazaks A, Tars K. Structural studies of chromosomally encoded outer surface lipoprotein BB0158 from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102287. [PMID: 38016210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Lyme disease, or also known as Lyme borreliosis, is caused by the spirochetes belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, which can enter the human body following the bite of an infected tick. Many membrane lipid-bound proteins, also known as lipoproteins, are located on the surface of B. burgdorferi sensu lato and play a crucial role in the spirochete to interact with its environment, whether in ticks or mammals. Since the spirochete needs to perform various tasks, such as resisting the host's immune system or spreading throughout the organism, it is not surprising that numerous surface proteins have been found to be essential for B. burgdorferi sensu lato complex bacteria in causing Lyme disease. In this study, we have determined (at 2.4 Å resolution) and characterized the 3D structure of BB0158, one of the few chromosomally encoded outer surface proteins from B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. BB0158 belongs to the paralogous gene family 44 (PFam44), consisting of four other members (BB0159, BBA04, BBE09 and BBK52). The characterization of BB0158, which appears to form a domain-swapped dimer, in conjunction with the characterization of the corresponding PFam44 members, certainly contribute to our understanding of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalvis Brangulis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia.
| | - Inara Akopjana
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Janis Bogans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Andris Kazaks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia
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Francis D, Veeramanickathadathil Hari G, Koonthanmala Subash A, Bhairaddy A, Joy A. The biofilm proteome of Staphylococcus aureus and its implications for therapeutic interventions to biofilm-associated infections. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 138:327-400. [PMID: 38220430 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major healthcare concern due to its ability to inflict life-threatening infections and evolve antibiotic resistance at an alarming pace. It is frequently associated with hospital-acquired infections, especially device-associated infections. Systemic infections due to S. aureus are difficult to treat and are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The situation is worsened by the ability of S. aureus to form social associations called biofilms. Biofilms embed a community of cells with the ability to communicate with each other and share resources within a polysaccharide or protein matrix. S. aureus establish biofilms on tissues and conditioned abiotic surfaces. Biofilms are hyper-tolerant to antibiotics and help evade host immune responses. Biofilms exacerbate the severity and recalcitrance of device-associated infections. The development of a biofilm involves various biomolecules, such as polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids, contributing to different structural and functional roles. Interconnected signaling pathways and regulatory molecules modulate the expression of these molecules. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular biology of biofilm development would help to devise effective anti-biofilm therapeutics. Although bactericidal agents, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages and nano-conjugated anti-biofilm agents have been employed with varying levels of success, there is still a requirement for effective and clinically viable anti-biofilm therapeutics. Proteins that are expressed and utilized during biofilm formation, constituting the biofilm proteome, are a particularly attractive target for anti-biofilm strategies. The proteome can be explored to identify potential anti-biofilm drug targets and utilized for rational drug discovery. With the aim of uncovering the biofilm proteome, this chapter explores the mechanism of biofilm formation and its regulation. Furthermore, it explores the antibiofilm therapeutics targeted against the biofilm proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Francis
- Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, India.
| | | | | | - Anusha Bhairaddy
- Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, India
| | - Atheene Joy
- Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, India
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Naveed M, Mahmood S, Aziz T, Azeem A, Hussain I, Waseem M, Ali A, Alharbi M, Alshammari A, Alasmari AF. Designing a novel chimeric multi-epitope vaccine subunit against Staphylococcus argenteus through artificial intelligence approach integrating pan-genome analysis, in vitro identification, and immunogenicity profiling. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37695632 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2256881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus argenteus is a newly identified pathogen that causes respiratory tract infections, skin infections, such as cellulitis, abscesses, and impetigo, and currently, there is no licensed vaccine available against it. To develop a vaccine against S. argenteus, a bacterial pan-genome analysis was applied to identify potential vaccine candidates. A total of 4908 core proteins were retrieved and utilized for identifying four proteins, including SG38 Panton-Valentine leukocidin LukS-PV protein, SG62 staphylococcal enterotoxin type A protein, SG39 enterotoxin B protein, and SG43 enterotoxin type C3 protein as potential vaccine candidates. Epitopes were predicted for these proteins using different types of B and T-cell epitope prediction tools, and only those with a non-toxic profile, antigenic, non-allergenic, and immunogenic were selected. The selected epitopes were linked to each other to form a multi-epitope vaccine construct, which was further linked to the PADRE sequence (AKFVAAWTLKAAA) and 50s ribosomal L7/L12 protein to enhance the vaccine's antigenicity. The three-dimensional structure of the vaccine construct was assessed to determine its binding affinity with key Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) and Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR-5) immune cell receptors. Our findings demonstrate that the vaccine exhibits favorable binding interactions with these immune cell receptors, indicating its potential efficacy. Molecular dynamic simulations further confirmed the accessibility of vaccine epitopes to the host immune system, substantiating its ability to elicit protective immune responses. Taken together, this study highlights the promising candidacy of the modeled vaccine construct for future in vivo and in vitro experimental investigations.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sarmad Mahmood
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Arta, Greece
| | - Arooj Azeem
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Hussain
- Punjab Health Facility Management Company, Chakwal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Nappi F, Avtaar Singh SS. Host-Bacterium Interaction Mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11068. [PMID: 37446247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci sp. are the most commonly associated pathogens in infective endocarditis, especially within high-income nations. This along with the increasing burden of healthcare, aging populations, and the protracted infection courses, contribute to a significant challenge for healthcare systems. A systematic review was conducted using relevant search criteria from PubMed, Ovid's version of MEDLINE, and EMBASE, and data were tabulated from randomized controlled trials (RCT), observational cohort studies, meta-analysis, and basic research articles. The review was registered with the OSF register of systematic reviews and followed the PRISMA reporting guidelines. Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final systematic review. The role of Staphylococcus aureus and its interaction with the protective shield and host protection functions was identified and highlighted in several studies. The interaction between infective endocarditis pathogens, vascular endothelium, and blood constituents was also explored, giving rise to the potential use of antiplatelets as preventative and/or curative agents. Several factors allow Staphylococcus aureus infections to proliferate within the host with numerous promoting and perpetuating agents. The complex interaction with the hosts' innate immunity also potentiates its virulence. The goal of this study is to attain a better understanding on the molecular pathways involved in infective endocarditis supported by S. aureus and whether therapeutic avenues for the prevention and treatment of IE can be obtained. The use of antibiotic-treated allogeneic tissues have marked antibacterial action, thereby becoming the ideal substitute in native and prosthetic valvular infections. However, the development of effective vaccines against S. aureus still requires in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nappi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
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8
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Hsieh RC, Liu R, Burgin DJ, Otto M. Understanding mechanisms of virulence in MRSA: implications for antivirulence treatment strategies. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:911-928. [PMID: 37501364 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2242585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a widespread pathogen, often causing recurrent and deadly infections in the hospital and community. Many S. aureus virulence factors have been suggested as potential targets for antivirulence therapy to decrease the threat of diminishing antibiotic availability. Antivirulence methods hold promise due to their adjunctive and prophylactic potential and decreased risk for selective pressure. AREAS COVERED This review describes the dominant virulence mechanisms exerted by MRSA and antivirulence therapeutics that are currently undergoing testing in clinical or preclinical stages. We also discuss the advantages and downsides of several investigational antivirulence approaches, including the targeting of bacterial transporters, host-directed therapy, and quorum-sensing inhibitors. For this review, a systematic search of literature on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for relevant search terms was performed in April and May 2023. EXPERT OPINION Vaccine and antibody strategies have failed in clinical trials and could benefit from more basic science-informed approaches. Antivirulence-targeting approaches need to be set up better to meet the requirements of drug development, rather than only providing limited results to provide 'proof-of-principle' translational value of pathogenesis research. Nevertheless, there is great potential of such strategies and potential particular promise for novel probiotic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger C Hsieh
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan Liu
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dylan J Burgin
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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9
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Tobuse AJ, Ang CW, Yeong KY. Modern vaccine development via reverse vaccinology to combat antimicrobial resistance. Life Sci 2022; 302:120660. [PMID: 35642852 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With the continuous evolution of bacteria, the global antimicrobial resistance health threat is causing millions of deaths yearly. While depending on antibiotics as a primary treatment has its merits, there are no effective alternatives thus far in the pharmaceutical market against some drug-resistant bacteria. In recent years, vaccinology has become a key topic in scientific research. Combining with the growth of technology, vaccine research is seeing a new light where the process is made faster and more efficient. Although less discussed, bacterial vaccine is a feasible strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance. Some vaccines have shown promising results with good efficacy against numerous multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria. In this review, we aim to discuss the findings from studies utilizing reverse vaccinology for vaccine development against some multidrug-resistant bacteria, as well as provide a summary of multi-year bacterial vaccine studies in clinical trials. The advantages of reverse vaccinology in the generation of new bacterial vaccines are also highlighted. Meanwhile, the limitations and future prospects of bacterial vaccine concludes this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Joy Tobuse
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wei Ang
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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10
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Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080682. [PMID: 35893249 PMCID: PMC9329978 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis remains an illness that carries a significant burden to healthcare resources. In recent times, there has been a shift from Streptococcus sp. to Staphylococcus sp. as the primary organism of interest. This has significant consequences, given the virulence of Staphylococcus and its propensity to form a biofilm, rendering non-surgical therapy ineffective. In addition, antibiotic resistance has affected treatment of this organism. The cohorts at most risk for Staphylococcal endocarditis are elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. The innovation of transcatheter technologies alongside other cardiac interventions such as implantable devices has contributed to the increased risk attributable to this cohort. We examined the pathophysiology of infective endocarditis carefully. Inter alia, the determinants of Staphylococcus aureus virulence, interaction with host immunity, as well as the discovery and emergence of a potential vaccine, were investigated. Furthermore, the potential role of prophylactic antibiotics during dental procedures was also evaluated. As rates of transcatheter device implantation increase, endocarditis is expected to increase, especially in this high-risk group. A high level of suspicion is needed alongside early initiation of therapy and referral to the heart team to improve outcomes.
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Colonization and Infection of Indwelling Medical Devices by Staphylococcus aureus with an Emphasis on Orthopedic Implants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115958. [PMID: 35682632 PMCID: PMC9180976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of indwelling medical devices has constantly increased in recent years and has revolutionized the quality of life of patients affected by different diseases. However, despite the improvement of hygiene conditions in hospitals, implant-associated infections remain a common and serious complication in prosthetic surgery, mainly in the orthopedic field, where infection often leads to implant failure. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of biomaterial-centered infection. Upon binding to the medical devices, these bacteria proliferate and develop dense communities encased in a protective matrix called biofilm. Biofilm formation has been proposed as occurring in several stages-(1) attachment; (2) proliferation; (3) dispersal-and involves a variety of host and staphylococcal proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous factors. Moreover, biofilm formation is strictly regulated by several control systems. Biofilms enable staphylococci to avoid antimicrobial activity and host immune response and are a source of persistent bacteremia as well as of localized tissue destruction. While considerable information is available on staphylococcal biofilm formation on medical implants and important results have been achieved on the treatment of biofilms, preclinical and clinical applications need to be further investigated. Thus, the purpose of this review is to gather current studies about the mechanism of infection of indwelling medical devices by S. aureus with a special focus on the biochemical factors involved in biofilm formation and regulation. We also provide a summary of the current therapeutic strategies to combat biomaterial-associated infections and highlight the need to further explore biofilm physiology and conduct research for innovative anti-biofilm approaches.
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Kember M, Grandy S, Raudonis R, Cheng Z. Non-Canonical Host Intracellular Niche Links to New Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanism. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020220. [PMID: 35215166 PMCID: PMC8876822 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of death among people of all ages. The development of antimicrobials to treat infectious diseases has been one of the most significant advances in medical history. Alarmingly, antimicrobial resistance is a widespread phenomenon that will, without intervention, make currently treatable infections once again deadly. In an era of widespread antimicrobial resistance, there is a constant and pressing need to develop new antibacterial drugs. Unraveling the underlying resistance mechanisms is critical to fight this crisis. In this review, we summarize some emerging evidence of the non-canonical intracellular life cycle of two priority antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The bacterial factors that modulate this unique intracellular niche and its implications in contributing to resistance are discussed. We then briefly discuss some recent research that focused on the promises of boosting host immunity as a combination therapy with antimicrobials to eradicate these two particular pathogens. Finally, we summarize the importance of various strategies, including surveillance and vaccines, in mitigating the impacts of antimicrobial resistance in general.
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Noori Goodarzi N, Bolourchi N, Fereshteh S, Soltani Shirazi A, Pourmand MR, Badmasti F. Investigation of novel putative immunogenic targets against Staphylococcus aureus using a reverse vaccinology strategy. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 96:105149. [PMID: 34801756 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) strains is a significant public health concern. Considering the high morbidity and mortality of invasive S. aureus infections and multi-drug resistant strains, there is an urgent need for non-antibiotic immune-based approaches to cure these infections. Despite all efforts, vaccine candidates targeting S. aureus failed in human clinical trials, and no approved vaccine is available against this pathogen. Therefore, this study aimed to introduce suitable candidates for immunization against S. aureus using a comprehensive reverse vaccinology approach. METHODS In this study, we retrieved putative immunogenic targets from three different levels (literature review, automated reverse vaccinology, and manual reverse vaccinology) and evaluated them using several immunoinformatics analyses including antigenicity, allergenicity, PSI-BLAST to human proteome, physiochemical properties, B-cell, and T-cell epitopes. In the next step, the quartile method scoring was used to the shortlisted proteins. Finally, the molecular docking and immune simulation of immunogenic targets were performed. RESULTS This study presents 12 vaccine candidates, including three enzymatic proteins (WP_000222271.1, WP_001170274, and WP_000827736.1), three cell wall-associated proteins (WP_001125631.1, WP_000731642, and WP_000751265.1), two hemolysins (WP_000594517.1, and WP_000916697.1), one secretion involved protein (WP_000725226.1), one heme‑iron binding protein (WP_001041573.1), one superantigen like protein (WP_000668994.1) and one hypothetical proteins (WP_000737711.1). CONCLUSION Through quartile scoring method, immune simulation and molecular docking, four promising targets including lytic transglycosylase IsaA, HlgA, secretory antigen precursor SsaA, and heme uptake protein IsdB were selected as the shortlisted proteins. It seems that a polarized immunization (Th1/Th17) response is needed for protection against this bacterium. An optimized formulation based on these putative immunogenic proteins and a wisely adjuvant selection may drive the immune system toward a full protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Noori Goodarzi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Bolourchi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Reza Pourmand
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Badmasti
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Alfeo MJ, Pagotto A, Barbieri G, Foster TJ, Vanhoorelbeke K, De Filippis V, Speziale P, Pietrocola G. Staphylococcus aureus iron-regulated surface determinant B (IsdB) protein interacts with von Willebrand factor and promotes adherence to endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22799. [PMID: 34815454 PMCID: PMC8611056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the cause of a spectrum of diseases in humans and animals. The molecular basis of this pathogenicity lies in the expression of a variety of virulence factors, including proteins that mediate adherence to the host plasma and extracellular matrix proteins. In this study, we discovered that the iron-regulated surface determinant B (IsdB) protein, besides being involved in iron transport and vitronectin binding, interacts with von Willebrand Factor (vWF). IsdB-expressing bacteria bound to both soluble and immobilized vWF. The binding of recombinant IsdB to vWF was blocked by heparin and reduced at high ionic strength. Furthermore, treatment with ristocetin, an allosteric agent that promotes the exposure of the A1 domain of vWF, potentiates the binding of IsdB to vWF. Both near-iron transporter motifs NEAT1 and NEAT2 of IsdB individually bound recombinant A1 domain with KD values in the micromolar range. The binding of IsdB and adhesion of S. aureus expressing IsdB to monolayers of activated endothelial cells was significantly inhibited by a monoclonal antibody against the A1 domain and by IsdB reactive IgG from patients with staphylococcal endocarditis. This suggests the importance of IsdB in adherence of S. aureus to the endothelium colonization and as potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela J Alfeo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Pagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Barbieri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Timothy J Foster
- Microbiology Department, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Vincenzo De Filippis
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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15
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More Is Not Always Better-the Double-Headed Role of Fibronectin in Staphylococcus aureus Host Cell Invasion. mBio 2021; 12:e0106221. [PMID: 34663090 PMCID: PMC8524341 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01062-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While Staphylococcus aureus has classically been considered an extracellular pathogen, these bacteria are also capable of being taken up by host cells, including nonprofessional phagocytes such as endothelial cells, epithelial cells, or osteoblasts. The intracellular S. aureus lifestyle contributes to infection development. The predominant recognition and internalization pathway appears to be the binding of the bacteria via a fibronectin bridge to the α5β1-integrin on the host cell membrane, followed by phagocytosis. Although osteoblasts showed high expression of α5β1-integrin and fibronectin, and bacteria adhered to osteoblasts to a high proportion, here we demonstrate by internalization assays and immunofluorescence microscopy that S. aureus was less engulfed in osteoblasts than in epithelial cells. The addition of exogenous fibronectin during the infection of cells with S. aureus resulted in an increased uptake by epithelial cells but not by osteoblasts. This contrasts with the previous conception of the uptake mechanism, where high expression of integrin and fibronectin would promote the bacterial uptake into host cells. Extracellular fibronectin surrounding osteoblasts, but not epithelial cells, is organized in a fibrillary network. The inhibition of fibril formation, the short interfering RNA-mediated reduction of fibronectin expression, and the disruption of the fibronectin-fibril meshwork all resulted in a significant increase in S. aureus uptake by osteoblasts. Thus, the network of fibronectin fibrils appears to strongly reduce the uptake of S. aureus into a given host cell, indicating that the supramolecular structure of fibronectin determines the capacity of particular host cells to internalize the pathogen. IMPORTANCE Traditionally, Staphylococcus aureus has been considered an extracellular pathogen. However, among other factors, the frequent failure of antimicrobial therapy and the ability of the pathogen to cause recurrent disease have established the concept of eukaryotic invasion of the pathogen, thereby evading the host's immune system. In the current model of host cell invasion, bacteria initially bind to α5β1 integrin on the host cell side via a fibronectin bridge, which eventually leads to phagocytosis of S. aureus by host cells. However, in this study, we demonstrate that not the crude amount but the supramolecular structure of fibronectin molecules deposited on the eukaryotic cell surface plays an essential role in bacterial uptake by host cells. Our findings explain the large differences of S. aureus uptake efficacy in different host cell types as well as in vivo differences between courses of bacterial infections and the localization of bacteria in different clinical settings.
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16
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The intracellular phase of extracellular respiratory tract bacterial pathogens and its role on pathogen-host interactions during infection. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2021; 34:197-205. [PMID: 33899754 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An initial intracellular phase of usually extracellular bacterial pathogens displays an important strategy to hide from the host's immune system and antibiotics therapy. It helps the bacteria, including bacterial pathogens of airway diseases, to persist and eventually switch to a typical extracellular infection. Several infectious diseases of the lung are life-threatening and their control is impeded by intracellular persistence of pathogens. Thus, molecular adaptations of the pathogens to this niche but also the host's response and potential targets to interfere are of relevance. Here we discuss examples of historically considered extracellular pathogens of the respiratory airway where the intracellular survival and proliferation is well documented, including infections by Staphylococcus aureus, Bordetella pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and others. RECENT FINDINGS Current studies focus on bacterial factors contributing to adhesion, iron acquisition, and intracellular survival as well as ways to target them for combatting the bacterial infections. SUMMARY The investigation of common and specific mechanisms of pathogenesis and persistence of these bacteria in the host may contribute to future investigations and identifications of relevant factors and/or bacterial mechanisms to be blocked to treat or improve prevention strategies.
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Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Surface-Exposed and Secreted Proteins from Staphylococci. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050459. [PMID: 34064471 PMCID: PMC8147999 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci (specifically Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) are the causative agents of diseases ranging from superficial skin and soft tissue infections to severe conditions such as fatal pneumonia, bacteremia, sepsis and endocarditis. The widespread and indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to serious problems of resistance to staphylococcal disease and has generated a renewed interest in alternative therapeutic agents such as vaccines and antibodies. Staphylococci express a large repertoire of surface and secreted virulence factors, which provide mechanisms (adhesion, invasion and biofilm development among others) for both bacterial survival in the host and evasion from innate and adaptive immunity. Consequently, the development of antibodies that target specific antigens would provide an effective protective strategy against staphylococcal infections. In this review, we report an update on efforts to develop anti-staphylococci monoclonal antibodies (and their derivatives: minibodies, antibody–antibiotic conjugates) and the mechanism by which such antibodies can help fight infections. We also provide an overview of mAbs used in clinical trials and highlight their therapeutic potential in various infectious contexts.
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18
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Ellis-Guardiola K, Mahoney BJ, Clubb RT. NEAr Transporter (NEAT) Domains: Unique Surface Displayed Heme Chaperones That Enable Gram-Positive Bacteria to Capture Heme-Iron From Hemoglobin. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:607679. [PMID: 33488548 PMCID: PMC7815599 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.607679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an important micronutrient that is required by bacteria to proliferate and to cause disease. Many bacterial pathogens forage iron from human hemoglobin (Hb) during infections, which contains this metal within heme (iron-protoporphyrin IX). Several clinically important pathogenic species within the Firmicutes phylum scavenge heme using surface-displayed or secreted NEAr Transporter (NEAT) domains. In this review, we discuss how these versatile proteins function in the Staphylococcus aureus Iron-regulated surface determinant system that scavenges heme-iron from Hb. S. aureus NEAT domains function as either Hb receptors or as heme-binding chaperones. In vitro studies have shown that heme-binding NEAT domains can rapidly exchange heme amongst one another via transiently forming transfer complexes, leading to the interesting hypothesis that they may form a protein-wire within the peptidoglycan layer through which heme flows from the microbial surface to the membrane. In Hb receptors, recent studies have revealed how dedicated heme- and Hb-binding NEAT domains function synergistically to extract Hb's heme molecules, and how receptor binding to the Hb-haptoglobin complex may block its clearance by macrophages, prolonging microbial access to Hb's iron. The functions of NEAT domains in other Gram-positive bacteria are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Ellis-Guardiola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brendan J. Mahoney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Robert T. Clubb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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19
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Mathelié-Guinlet M, Viela F, Pietrocola G, Speziale P, Dufrêne YF. Nanonewton forces between Staphylococcus aureus surface protein IsdB and vitronectin. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5728-5736. [PMID: 36133863 PMCID: PMC9419033 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00636j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule experiments have recently revealed that the interaction between staphylococcal surface proteins and their ligands can be extremely strong, equivalent to the strength of covalent bonds. Here, we report on the unusually high binding strength between Staphylococcus aureus iron-regulated surface determinant B (IsdB) and vitronectin (Vn), an essential human blood protein known to interact with bacterial pathogens. The IsdB-Vn interaction is dramatically strengthened by mechanical tension, with forces up to 2000 pN at a loading rate of 105 pN s-1. In line with this, flow experiments show that IsdB-mediated bacterial adhesion to Vn is enhanced by fluid shear stress. The stress-dependent binding of IsdB to Vn is likely to play a role in promoting bacterial adhesion to human cells under fluid shear stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mathelié-Guinlet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Felipe Viela
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 3/b 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 3/b 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Yves F Dufrêne
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO) B-1300 Wavre Belgium
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20
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Mathelié-Guinlet M, Viela F, Alfeo MJ, Pietrocola G, Speziale P, Dufrêne YF. Single-Molecule Analysis Demonstrates Stress-Enhanced Binding between Staphylococcus aureus Surface Protein IsdB and Host Cell Integrins. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8919-8925. [PMID: 33237786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Binding of Staphylococcus aureus surface proteins to endothelial cell integrins plays essential roles in host cell adhesion and invasion, eventually leading to life-threatening diseases. The staphylococcal protein IsdB binds to β3-containing integrins through a mechanism that has never been thoroughly investigated. Here, we identify and characterize at the nanoscale a previously undescribed stress-dependent adhesion between IsdB and integrin αVβ3. The strength of single IsdB-αVβ3 interactions is moderate (∼100 pN) under low stress, but it increases dramatically under high stress (∼1000-2000 pN) to exceed the forces traditionally reported for the binding between integrins and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequences. We suggest a mechanism where high mechanical stress induces conformational changes in the integrin from a low-affinity, weak binding state to a high-affinity, strong binding state. This single-molecule study highlights that direct adhesin-integrin interactions represent potential targets to fight staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mathelié-Guinlet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Felipe Viela
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mariangela Jessica Alfeo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Yves F Dufrêne
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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