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Flores-Opazo M, Kopinke D, Helmbacher F, Fernández-Verdejo R, Tuñón-Suárez M, Lynch GS, Contreras O. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors in physiological adipogenesis and intermuscular adipose tissue remodeling. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101277. [PMID: 38788527 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is a common pathological feature in various metabolic and health conditions and can cause muscle atrophy, reduced function, inflammation, insulin resistance, cardiovascular issues, and unhealthy aging. Although IMAT results from fat accumulation in muscle, the mechanisms underlying its onset, development, cellular components, and functions remain unclear. IMAT levels are influenced by several factors, such as changes in the tissue environment, muscle type and origin, extent and duration of trauma, and persistent activation of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). FAPs are a diverse and transcriptionally heterogeneous population of stromal cells essential for tissue maintenance, neuromuscular stability, and tissue regeneration. However, in cases of chronic inflammation and pathological conditions, FAPs expand and differentiate into adipocytes, resulting in the development of abnormal and ectopic IMAT. This review discusses the role of FAPs in adipogenesis and how they remodel IMAT. It highlights evidence supporting FAPs and FAP-derived adipocytes as constituents of IMAT, emphasizing their significance in adipose tissue maintenance and development, as well as their involvement in metabolic disorders, chronic pathologies and diseases. We also investigated the intricate molecular pathways and cell interactions governing FAP behavior, adipogenesis, and IMAT accumulation in chronic diseases and muscle deconditioning. Finally, we hypothesize that impaired cellular metabolic flexibility in dysfunctional muscles impacts FAPs, leading to IMAT. A deeper understanding of the biology of IMAT accumulation and the mechanisms regulating FAP behavior and fate are essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies for several debilitating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Kopinke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610, FL, USA; Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | | | - Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Laboratorio de Fisiología Del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Chile.
| | - Mauro Tuñón-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Chile.
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Parkville 3010, Australia.
| | - Osvaldo Contreras
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
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2
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Bellalta S, Plösch T, Faas M, Casanello P. The role of mesenchymal stem cells in early programming of adipose tissue in the offspring of women with obesity. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13120. [PMID: 38590200 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is a well-known risk factor for developing premature obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in the progeny. The development of white adipose tissue is a dynamic process that starts during prenatal life: fat depots laid down in utero are associated with the proportion of fat in children later on. How early this programming takes place is still unknown. However, recent evidence shows that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), the embryonic adipocyte precursor cells, show signatures of the early setting of an adipogenic committed phenotype when exposed to maternal obesity. This review aims to present current findings on the cellular adaptations of MSCs from the offspring of women with obesity and how the metabolic environment of MSCs could affect the early commitment towards adipocytes. In conclusion, maternal obesity can induce early programming of fetal adipose tissue by conditioning MSCs. These cells have higher expression of adipogenic markers, altered insulin signalling and mitochondrial performance, compared to MSCs of neonates from lean pregnancies. Fetal MSCs imprinting by maternal obesity could help explain the increased risk of childhood obesity and development of further noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Bellalta
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Perinatal Neurobiology Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marijke Faas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Casanello
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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3
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Jin Z, Gao H, Fu Y, Ren R, Deng X, Chen Y, Hou X, Wang Q, Song G, Fan N, Ma H, Yin Y, Xu K. Whole-Transcriptome Analysis Sheds Light on the Biological Contexts of Intramuscular Fat Deposition in Ningxiang Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:642. [PMID: 38790271 PMCID: PMC11121357 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The quality of pork is significantly impacted by intramuscular fat (IMF). However, the regulatory mechanism of IMF depositions remains unclear. We performed whole-transcriptome sequencing of the longissimus dorsi muscle (IMF) from the high (5.1 ± 0.08) and low (2.9 ± 0.51) IMF groups (%) to elucidate potential mechanisms. In summary, 285 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 14 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIs), 83 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs), and 79 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) were identified. DEGs were widely associated with IMF deposition and liposome differentiation. Furthermore, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks were constructed through co-differential expression analyses, which included circRNA-miRNA-mRNA (containing 6 DEMIs, 6 DEGs, 47 DECs) and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA (containing 6 DEMIs, 6 DEGs, 36 DELs) regulatory networks. The circRNAs sus-TRPM7_0005, sus-MTUS1_0004, the lncRNAs SMSTRG.4269.1, and MSTRG.7983.2 regulate the expression of six lipid metabolism-related target genes, including PLCB1, BAD, and GADD45G, through the binding sites of 2-4068, miR-7134-3p, and miR-190a. For instance, MSTRG.4269.1 regulates its targets PLCB1 and BAD via miRNA 2_4068. Meanwhile, sus-TRPM7_0005 controls its target LRP5 through ssc-miR-7134-3P. These findings indicate molecular regulatory networks that could potentially be applied for the marker-assisted selection of IMF to enhance pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Hu Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yawei Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
| | - Ruimin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
| | - Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaohong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Gang Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Ningyu Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Haiming Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
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4
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Choi S, Kang JG, Tran YTH, Jeong SH, Park KY, Shin H, Kim YH, Park M, Nahmgoong H, Seol T, Jeon H, Kim Y, Park S, Kim HJ, Kim MS, Li X, Bou Sleiman M, Lee E, Choi J, Eisenbarth D, Lee SH, Cho S, Moore DD, Auwerx J, Kim IY, Kim JB, Park JE, Lim DS, Suh JM. Hippo-YAP/TAZ signalling coordinates adipose plasticity and energy balance by uncoupling leptin expression from fat mass. Nat Metab 2024; 6:847-860. [PMID: 38811804 PMCID: PMC11136666 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissues serve as an energy reservoir and endocrine organ, yet the mechanisms that coordinate these functions remain elusive. Here, we show that the transcriptional coregulators, YAP and TAZ, uncouple fat mass from leptin levels and regulate adipocyte plasticity to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Activating YAP/TAZ signalling in adipocytes by deletion of the upstream regulators Lats1 and Lats2 results in a profound reduction in fat mass by converting mature adipocytes into delipidated progenitor-like cells, but does not cause lipodystrophy-related metabolic dysfunction, due to a paradoxical increase in circulating leptin levels. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that YAP/TAZ-TEAD signalling upregulates leptin expression by directly binding to an upstream enhancer site of the leptin gene. We further show that YAP/TAZ activity is associated with, and functionally required for, leptin regulation during fasting and refeeding. These results suggest that adipocyte Hippo-YAP/TAZ signalling constitutes a nexus for coordinating adipose tissue lipid storage capacity and systemic energy balance through the regulation of adipocyte plasticity and leptin gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Gyeong Kang
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen T H Tran
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Jeong
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Young Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hahn Nahmgoong
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejun Seol
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeyon Jeon
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongmin Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Joo Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seob Kim
- Department of Fundamental Environment Research, Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eries Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - David Eisenbarth
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyeon Cho
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - David D Moore
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Il-Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Lim
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Myoung Suh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Silva RCMC, Ramos IB, Travassos LH, Mendez APG, Gomes FM. Evolution of innate immunity: lessons from mammalian models shaping our current view of insect immunity. J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:105-119. [PMID: 38573502 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The innate immune system, a cornerstone for organismal resilience against environmental and microbial insults, is highly conserved across the evolutionary spectrum, underpinning its pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis and ensuring survival. This review explores the evolutionary parallels between mammalian and insect innate immune systems, illuminating how investigations into these disparate immune landscapes have been reciprocally enlightening. We further delve into how advancements in mammalian immunology have enriched our understanding of insect immune responses, highlighting the intertwined evolutionary narratives and the shared molecular lexicon of immunity across these organisms. Therefore, this review posits a holistic understanding of innate immune mechanisms, including immunometabolism, autophagy and cell death. The examination of how emerging insights into mammalian and vertebrate immunity inform our understanding of insect immune responses and their implications for vector-borne disease transmission showcases the imperative for a nuanced comprehension of innate immunity's evolutionary tale. This understanding is quintessential for harnessing innate immune mechanisms' potential in devising innovative disease mitigation strategies and promoting organismal health across the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso M C Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Isabela B Ramos
- Laboratório de Ovogênese Molecular de Vetores, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo H Travassos
- Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Guzman Mendez
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio M Gomes
- Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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6
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Pei X, Bai T, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Li S, Fan Y, Liu TX. Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase modulates lipogenesis and sugar homeostasis in Blattella germanica. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:387-404. [PMID: 37486126 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipid and sugar homeostasis is critical for insect development and survival. In this study, we characterized an acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase gene in Blattella germanica (BgACC) that is involved in both lipogenesis and sugar homeostasis. We found that BgACC was dominantly expressed in the fat body and integument, and was significantly upregulated after molting. Knockdown of BgACC in 5th-instar nymphs did not affect their normal molting to the next nymphal stage, but it caused a lethal phenotype during adult emergence. BgACC-RNA interference (RNAi) significantly downregulated total free fatty acid (FFA) and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels, and also caused a significant decrease of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). Repression of BgACC in adult females affected the development of oocytes and resulted in sterile females, but BgACC-RNAi did not affect the reproductive ability of males. Interestingly, knockdown of BgACC also changed the expression of insulin-like peptide genes (BgILPs), which mimicked a physiological state of high sugar uptake. In addition, BgACC was upregulated when B. germanica were fed on a high sucrose diet, and repression of BgACC upregulated the expression of the glycogen synthase gene (BgGlyS). Moreover, BgACC-RNAi increased the circulating sugar levels and glycogen storage, and a longevity assay suggested that BgACC was important for the survival of B. germanica under conditions of high sucrose uptake. Our results confirm that BgACC is involved in multiple lipid biogenesis and sugar homeostasis processes, which further modulates insect reproduction and sugar tolerance. This study benefits our understanding of the crosstalk between lipid and sugar metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology and Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tiantian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology and Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhanfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology and Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongliang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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7
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Ni X, Zhao H, Li R, Su H, Jiao J, Yang Z, Lv Y, Pang G, Sun M, Hu C, Yuan H. Development of a model for the prediction of biological age. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 240:107686. [PMID: 37421874 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Rates of aging vary markedly among individuals, and biological age serves as a more reliable predictor of current health status than does chronological age. As such, the ability to predict biological age can support appropriate and timely active interventions aimed at improving coping with the aging process. However, the aging process is highly complex and multifactorial. Therefore, it is more scientific to construct a prediction model for biological age from multiple dimensions systematically. METHODS Physiological and biochemical parameters were evaluated to gage individual health status. Then, age-related indices were screened for inclusion in a model capable of predicting biological age. For subsequent modeling analyses, samples were divided into training and validation sets for subsequent deep learning model-based analyses (e.g. linear regression, lasso model, ridge regression, bayesian ridge regression, elasticity network, k-nearest neighbor, linear support vector machine, support vector machine, and decision tree models, and so on), with the model exhibiting the best ability to predict biological age thereby being identified. RESULTS First, we defined the individual biological age according to the individual health status. Then, after 22 candidate indices (DNA methylation, leukocyte telomere length, and specific physiological and biochemical indicators) were screened for inclusion in a model capable of predicting biological age, 14 age-related indices and gender were used to construct a model via the Bagged Trees method, which was found to be the most reliable qualitative prediction model for biological age (accuracy=75.6%, AUC=0.84) by comparing 30 different classification algorithm models. The most reliable quantitative predictive model for biological age was found to be the model developed using the Rational Quadratic method (R2=0.85, RMSE=8.731 years) by comparing 24 regression algorithm models. CONCLUSIONS Both qualitative model and quantitative model of biological age were successfully constructed from a multi-dimensional and systematic perspective. The predictive performance of our models was similar in both smaller and larger datasets, making it well-suited to predicting a given individual's biological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, PR China
| | - Rongqiao Li
- Jiangbin Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Huabin Su
- Jiangbin Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Juan Jiao
- Clinical Lab, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ze Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Jiangbin Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Guofang Pang
- Jiangbin Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Meiqi Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, PR China
| | - Caiyou Hu
- Jiangbin Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, PR China.
| | - Huiping Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, PR China.
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8
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Mishra AG, Deshmane RB, Thappa DK, Lona J, Ghade NS, Sonar SM, Krishnan AR. In Vitro Biological Characterization of Recombinant Insulin Aspart from Biogenomics and Originator Insulin Aspart. BioDrugs 2023; 37:709-719. [PMID: 37285012 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioassays are used to identify the pharmacological activity of new or chemically unknown compounds, as well as their undesirable effect, including toxicity. Biological assays are also required to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of recombinant biologics to confirm its biosimilarity to its originator. In the present study, analytical similarity between the biosimilar and its innovator is established by in vitro bioassays. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to show the comparative in vitro characterization of the recombinant insulin aspart from BioGenomics with its originator insulin aspart, using relevant biological assays. METHODS In vitro assays such as receptor binding, receptor autophosphorylation, glucose uptake, and mitogenic potential were analyzed for biological characterization of BioGenomics recombinant insulin aspart (BGL-ASP) manufactured by BioGenomics Limited and NovoRapid® as the reference medicinal product (RMP) manufactured by Novo Nordisk. Insulin receptor binding was studied by a state-of-the-art method, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for biomolecular interactions. The receptor autophosphorylation assay measures the phosphorylated insulin receptor in cell lysates. The glucose uptake assay measures the uptake of glucose by 3T3-L1 cells in the presence of insulin. Lipogenesis was studied in treated 3T3-L1 cells by detecting the accumulation of lipid droplets in the cells. Mitogenic effect was studied by cell proliferation assay using MCF-7 cells. A rabbit bioidentity test was performed by measuring the sudden decrease in blood glucose in the presence of insulin. RESULTS The binding studies showed that the affinity of BGL-ASP was highly comparable to NovoRapid®. Insulin receptor autophosphorylation, glucose uptake, and lipogenesis demonstrated high similarity to the RMP. The mitogenic assay for BGL-ASP did not show any proliferative effect and was comparable to the RMP. The in vivo bioidentity test showed that the BGL-ASP is highly similar to the innovator, NovoRapid®. CONCLUSION The biological characterization studies of BGL-ASP demonstrated high binding and functional similarity to NovoRapid®.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeseena Lona
- BioGenomics Ltd., Thane, Maharashtra, 400610, India
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9
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Mubtasim N, Gollahon L. Characterizing 3T3-L1 MBX Adipocyte Cell Differentiation Maintained with Fatty Acids as an In Vitro Model to Study the Effects of Obesity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1712. [PMID: 37629569 PMCID: PMC10455818 DOI: 10.3390/life13081712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity has prompted intensive research into understanding its role in pathogenesis and designing appropriate treatments. To determine the signals generated from the interaction of fat cells with a target organ, a reliable white adipocyte model in vitro is needed. Differentiated fibroblasts are the most extensively studied using in vitro cell models of white adipocytes. However, it can be argued that differentiated fibroblasts minimally recapitulate the consequences of obesity. Here, we describe 3T3-L1 MBX cells as a culture model for studying obese adipocytes and their effects. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 MBX cells was at first optimized and then maintained in the presence of fatty acids cocktail combination to induce the obese condition. Lipid accumulation and adipokine secretion profiles were analyzed. Results showed that fatty acid-maintained, differentiated 3T3-L1 MBX cells had significantly greater accumulation of lipids and significant changes in the adipokine secretions in comparison to differentiated 3T3-L1 MBX cells maintained in medium without fatty acids. To elucidate the molecular changes associated with adipogenesis and lipid accumulation profile of 3T3-L1 MBX cells, we have also explored the expression of some of the regulatory proteins related to the development and maintenance of adipocytes from the preadipocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Gollahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
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10
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Ge Y, Bruno M, Nash MS, Coates NH, Chorley BN, Cave MC, Beier JI. Vinyl chloride enhances high-fat diet-induced proteome alterations in the mouse pancreas related to metabolic dysfunction. Toxicol Sci 2023; 193:103-114. [PMID: 36892438 PMCID: PMC10176240 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in physiological processes in pancreas have been associated with various metabolic dysfunctions and can result from environmental exposures, such as chemicals and diet. It was reported that environmental vinyl chloride (VC) exposure, a common industrial organochlorine and environmental pollutant, significantly exacerbated metabolic-related phenotypes in mice fed concurrently with high-fat diet (HFD) but not low-fat diet (LFD). However, little is known about the role of the pancreas in this interplay, especially at a proteomic level. The present study was undertaken to examine the protein responses to VC exposure in pancreas tissues of C57BL/6J mice fed LFD or HFD, with focus on the investigation of protein expression and/or phosphorylation levels of key protein biomarkers of carbohydrate, lipid, and energy metabolism, oxidative stress and detoxification, insulin secretion and regulation, cell growth, development, and communication, immunological responses and inflammation, and biomarkers of pancreatic diseases and cancers. We found that the protein alterations may indicate diet-mediated susceptibility in mouse pancreas induced by HFD to concurrent exposure of low levels of inhaled VC. These proteome biomarkers may lead to a better understanding of pancreas-mediated adaptive or adverse response and susceptibility to metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ge
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Maribel Bruno
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Maliha S Nash
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Najwa Haykal Coates
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Brian N Chorley
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Juliane I Beier
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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11
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Rebeaud M, Bouche C, Dauvillier S, Attané C, Arellano C, Vaysse C, Fallone F, Muller C. A novel 3D culture model for human primary mammary adipocytes to study their metabolic crosstalk with breast cancer in lean and obese conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4707. [PMID: 36949082 PMCID: PMC10033714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a negative prognosis factor for breast cancer. Yet, the biological mechanisms underlying this effect are still largely unknown. An emerging hypothesis is that the transfer of free fatty acids (FFA) between adipocytes and tumor cells might be altered under obese conditions, contributing to tumor progression. Currently there is a paucity of models to study human mammary adipocytes (M-Ads)-cancer crosstalk. As for other types of isolated white adipocytes, herein, we showed that human M-Ads die within 2-3 days by necrosis when grown in 2D. As an alternative, M-Ads were grown in a fibrin matrix, a 3D model that preserve their distribution, integrity and metabolic function for up to 5 days at physiological glucose concentrations (5 mM). Higher glucose concentrations frequently used in in vitro models promote lipogenesis during M-Ads culture, impairing their lipolytic function. Using transwell inserts, the matrix embedded adipocytes were cocultured with breast cancer cells. FFA transfer between M-Ads and cancer cells was observed, and this event was amplified by obesity. Together these data show that our 3D model is a new tool for studying the effect of M-Ads on tumor cells and beyond with all the components of the tumor microenvironment including the immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Rebeaud
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Bouche
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France
- Département de Chirurgie Gynécologique oncologique, CHU-Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Stéphanie Dauvillier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Attané
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Carlo Arellano
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France
- Département de Chirurgie Gynécologique oncologique, CHU-Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Charlotte Vaysse
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France
- Département de Chirurgie Gynécologique oncologique, CHU-Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Frédérique Fallone
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Muller
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France.
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12
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we review BAT cellular metabolism, its regulation by the central nervous and endocrine systems and circulating metabolites, the plausible roles of this tissue in human thermoregulation, energy balance, and cardiometabolic disorders, and the current knowledge on its pharmacological stimulation in humans. The current definition and measurement of BAT in human studies relies almost exclusively on BAT glucose uptake from positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxiglucose, which can be dissociated from BAT thermogenic activity, as for example in insulin-resistant states. The most important energy substrate for BAT thermogenesis is its intracellular fatty acid content mobilized from sympathetic stimulation of intracellular triglyceride lipolysis. This lipolytic BAT response is intertwined with that of white adipose (WAT) and other metabolic tissues, and cannot be independently stimulated with the drugs tested thus far. BAT is an interesting and biologically plausible target that has yet to be fully and selectively activated to increase the body's thermogenic response and shift energy balance. The field of human BAT research is in need of methods able to directly, specifically, and reliably measure BAT thermogenic capacity while also tracking the related thermogenic responses in WAT and other tissues. Until this is achieved, uncertainty will remain about the role played by this fascinating tissue in human cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Correspondence: André C. Carpentier, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Ave N, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
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13
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Diaz-Vegas A, Norris DM, Jall-Rogg S, Cooke KC, Conway OJ, Shun-Shion AS, Duan X, Potter M, van Gerwen J, Baird HJ, Humphrey SJ, James DE, Fazakerley DJ, Burchfield JG. A high-content endogenous GLUT4 trafficking assay reveals new aspects of adipocyte biology. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201585. [PMID: 36283703 PMCID: PMC9595207 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane in muscle and adipocytes is crucial for whole-body glucose homeostasis. Currently, GLUT4 trafficking assays rely on overexpression of tagged GLUT4. Here we describe a high-content imaging platform for studying endogenous GLUT4 translocation in intact adipocytes. This method enables high fidelity analysis of GLUT4 responses to specific perturbations, multiplexing of other trafficking proteins and other features including lipid droplet morphology. Using this multiplexed approach we showed that Vps45 and Rab14 are selective regulators of GLUT4, but Trarg1, Stx6, Stx16, Tbc1d4 and Rab10 knockdown affected both GLUT4 and TfR translocation. Thus, GLUT4 and TfR translocation machinery likely have some overlap upon insulin-stimulation. In addition, we identified Kif13A, a Rab10 binding molecular motor, as a novel regulator of GLUT4 traffic. Finally, comparison of endogenous to overexpressed GLUT4 highlights that the endogenous GLUT4 methodology has an enhanced sensitivity to genetic perturbations and emphasises the advantage of studying endogenous protein trafficking for drug discovery and genetic analysis of insulin action in relevant cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dougall M Norris
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sigrid Jall-Rogg
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Olivia J Conway
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amber S Shun-Shion
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaowen Duan
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Meg Potter
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julian van Gerwen
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Harry Jm Baird
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James G Burchfield
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Calderón-DuPont D, Torre-Villalvazo I, Díaz-Villaseñor A. Is insulin resistance tissue-dependent and substrate-specific? The role of white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Biochimie 2023; 204:48-68. [PMID: 36099940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) refers to a reduction in the ability of insulin to exert its metabolic effects in organs such as adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM), leading to chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is the main cause of IR, however not all subjects with obesity develop clinical insulin resistance, and not all clinically insulin-resistant people have obesity. Recent evidence implies that IR onset is tissue-dependent (AT or SM) and/or substrate-specific (glucometabolic or lipometabolic). Therefore, the aims of the present review are 1) to describe the glucometabolic and lipometabolic activities of insulin in AT and SM in the maintenance of whole-body metabolic homeostasis, 2) to discuss the pathophysiology of substrate-specific IR in AT and SM, and 3) to highlight novel validated tests to assess tissue and substrate-specific IR that are easy to perform in clinical practice. In AT, glucometabolic IR reduces glucose availability for glycerol and fatty acid synthesis, thus decreasing the esterification and synthesis of signaling bioactive lipids. Lipometabolic IR in AT impairs the antilipolytic effect of insulin and lipogenesis, leading to an increase in circulating FFAs and generating lipotoxicity in peripheral tissues. In SM, glucometabolic IR reduces glucose uptake, whereas lipometabolic IR impairs mitochondrial lipid oxidation, increasing oxidative stress and inflammation, all of which lead to metabolic inflexibility. Understanding tissue-dependent and substrate-specific IR is of paramount importance for early detection before clinical manifestations and for the development of more specific treatments or direct interventions to prevent chronic life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Calderón-DuPont
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional en Ciencias Médicas y Nutricíon Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14000, Mexico
| | - Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
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15
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Li X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhu J, Lin Y. Screening of key miRNAs related with the differentiation of subcutaneous adipocytes and the validation of miR-133a-3p functional significance in goats. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:144-155. [PMID: 35798040 PMCID: PMC9834647 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipocyte differentiation is regulated by a variety of functional genes and noncoding RNAs. However, the role of miRNAs in lipid deposition of goat white adipose tissue is still unclear. Therefore, this study revealed the miRNA expression profile in goat subcutaneous adipocytes by sRNA-seq. METHODS The miRNA expressed in goat subcutaneous preadipocytes and the mature adipocytes were sequenced by sRNA-seq. The differentially expressed miRNAs (DEm) were screened and gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia for genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function combined with oil red O staining, Bodipy staining, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were utilized to determine the effect of miR-133a-3p on adipocyte differentiation. RESULTS A total of 218 DEm were screened out. The target genes of these DEm were significantly enriched in GO items such as biological regulation and in KEGG terms such as FAK signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. qPCR verified that the expression trend of miRNA was consistent with miRNA-seq. The gain-of-function or loss-of-function of miR-133a-3p showed that it promoted or inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets, and CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and C/EBPβ were extremely significantly up-regulated or down-regulated respectively (p<0.01), the loss-of-function also led to a significant down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) (p<0.01). CONCLUSION This study successfully identified miRNAs expression patterns in goat subcutaneous adipocytes, and functional identification indicates that miR-133a-3p is a positive regulator of the differentiation process of goat subcutaneous adipocytes. Our results lay the foundation for the molecular mechanism of lipid deposition in meat-source goats from the perspective of miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041,
China,College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041,
China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041,
China,College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041,
China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041,
China,College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041,
China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041,
China,College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041,
China
| | - Youli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041,
China,College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041,
China
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041,
China,College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041,
China
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041,
China,College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041,
China,Corresponding Author: Yaqiu Lin, Tel: +86-02885522310, Fax: +86-02885522310, E-mail:
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16
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Xue H, Huang X, Chang G, Ma W, Hull JJ, Chen L. Reproductive capacity in Adelphocoris suturalis (Hemiptera: Miridae) is regulated by the insulin signaling pathway. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 187:105195. [PMID: 36127067 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The peptide hormone insulin has essential roles in regulating insect metabolism, growth, and reproduction. There are, however, few studies assessing the effects of insulin signaling on reproduction in Miridae (Hemiptera). Here, we used RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown to examine the role of three critical insulin signaling pathway components (insulin receptor, InR; insulin receptor substrate 1, IRS1; and forkhead box O, FOXO) on reproductive capacity in the mirid Adelphocoris suturalis. Knockdown of AsIRS1 led to a significant reduction in egg maturation in unmated females. To further verify the role of AsIRS1, we examined several reproductive parameters following knockdown. Suppression of AsIRS1 transcript levels throughout the reproductive period resulted in reduced lifetime fecundity, egg hatch rate, and oviposition capacity as well as statistically significant reductions in female survival rate and longevity. These findings demonstrate that the insulin signaling pathway plays a key role in the reproductive development of A. suturalis, and that IRS1 is a key regulatory factor. These findings provide an important theoretical basis for the regulation of insect reproduction by insulin and introduce a new target for potential development is A. suturalis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xue
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xingxing Huang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Guofeng Chang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - J Joe Hull
- U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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17
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Schreyer E, Obringer C, Messaddeq N, Kieffer B, Zimmet P, Fleming A, Geberhiwot T, Marion V. PATAS, a First-in-Class Therapeutic Peptide Biologic, Improves Whole-Body Insulin Resistance and Associated Comorbidities In Vivo. Diabetes 2022; 71:2034-2047. [PMID: 35822820 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a key regulator of whole-body metabolic fitness because of its role in controlling insulin sensitivity. Obesity is associated with hypertrophic adipocytes with impaired glucose absorption, a phenomenon existing in the ultrarare monogenic disorder Alström syndrome consisting of severe insulin resistance. Inactivation of ALMS1 directly inhibits insulin-mediated glucose absorption in the white adipose tissue and induces severe insulin resistance, which leads to type 2 diabetes, accelerated nonalcoholic liver disease, and fibrosis. These phenotypes were reversed by specific adipocyte-ALMS1 reactivation in vivo. Subsequently, ALMS1 was found to bind to protein kinase C-α (PKCα) in the adipocyte, and upon insulin signaling, PKCα is released from ALMS1. α-Helices in the kinase domain of PKCα were therefore screened to identify a peptide sequence that interfered with the ALMS1-PKCα protein interaction. When incubated with cultured human adipocytes, the stapled peptide termed PATAS, for Peptide derived of PKC Alpha Targeting AlmS, triggered insulin-independent glucose absorption, de novo lipogenesis, and cellular glucose utilization. In vivo, PATAS reduced whole-body insulin resistance, and improved glucose intolerance, fasting glucose, liver steatosis, and fibrosis in rodents. Thus, PATAS represents a novel first-in-class peptide that targets the adipocyte to ameliorate insulin resistance and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Schreyer
- AdipoPharma SAS, Parc d'Innovation, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Cathy Obringer
- INSERM, UMR_U1112, Ciliopathies Modeling and Associated Therapies Group, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadia Messaddeq
- Institut de Génétique, Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS, UMR_7104, INSERM, U_1258, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno Kieffer
- Institut de Génétique, Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS, UMR_7104, INSERM, U_1258, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul Zimmet
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Tarekegn Geberhiwot
- Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Vincent Marion
- AdipoPharma SAS, Parc d'Innovation, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- INSERM, UMR_U1112, Ciliopathies Modeling and Associated Therapies Group, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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18
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Szkudelski T, Konieczna K, Szkudelska K. Regulatory Effects of Metformin, an Antidiabetic Biguanide Drug, on the Metabolism of Primary Rat Adipocytes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165250. [PMID: 36014488 PMCID: PMC9415039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a biguanide compound commonly applied in humans with type 2 diabetes. The drug affects different tissues, including fat tissue. The direct influence of metformin on cells of fat tissue, i.e., adipocytes, is poorly elucidated. In the present study, the short-term (4-h) effects of metformin on lipogenesis, glucose transport, lipolysis, and lactate release in primary rat adipocytes were explored. It was demonstrated that metformin reduced insulin-induced lipogenesis and increased glucose transport into adipocytes. The tested compound also decreased lactate release from fat cells. It was shown that metformin substantially limited lipolysis stimulated by epinephrine (adrenergic receptor agonist) and dibutyryl-cAMP (direct activator of protein kinase A). Moreover, metformin decreased the lipolytic process triggered by DPCPX (adenosine A1 receptor antagonist). In the case of each lipolytic stimulator, the drug evoked a similar inhibitory effect in the presence of 3 and 12 mM glucose. The lipolytic response of adipocytes to epinephrine was also found to be reduced by metformin when glucose was replaced by alanine. It was demonstrated that the tested compound limits the release of both glycerol and fatty acids from fat cells. The results of the present study provided evidence that metformin significantly affects the metabolism of primary rat adipocytes. Its action covers processes related to lipid accumulation and release and occurs after relatively short-term exposure.
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19
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Macrophages, Low-Grade Inflammation, Insulin Resistance and Hyperinsulinemia: A Mutual Ambiguous Relationship in the Development of Metabolic Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154358. [PMID: 35955975 PMCID: PMC9369133 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic derangement with poor glycemic control accompanying overweight and obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and hyperinsulinemia. Macrophages, which present a very heterogeneous population of cells, play a key role in the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis, but functional alterations in the resident macrophage pool as well as newly recruited monocyte-derived macrophages are important drivers in the development of low-grade inflammation. While metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and tissue damage may trigger or advance pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages, the inflammation itself contributes to the development of insulin resistance and the resulting hyperinsulinemia. Macrophages express insulin receptors whose downstream signaling networks share a number of knots with the signaling pathways of pattern recognition and cytokine receptors, which shape macrophage polarity. The shared knots allow insulin to enhance or attenuate both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophage responses. This supposedly physiological function may be impaired by hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance in macrophages. This review discusses the mutual ambiguous relationship of low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and the insulin-dependent modulation of macrophage activity with a focus on adipose tissue and liver.
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20
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Cant J, Reyes G, Seymour D. Review: Influence of postabsorptive metabolism on essential amino acid partitioning in lactating dairy cows. Animal 2022; 16 Suppl 3:100573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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21
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Tholen S, Patel R, Agas A, Kovary KM, Rabiee A, Nicholls HT, Bielczyk-Maczyńska E, Yang W, Kraemer FB, Teruel MN. Flattening of circadian glucocorticoid oscillations drives acute hyperinsulinemia and adipocyte hypertrophy. Cell Rep 2022; 39:111018. [PMID: 35767959 PMCID: PMC9391061 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of circadian glucocorticoid oscillations in Cushing's disease and chronic stress results in obesity and adipocyte hypertrophy, which is believed to be a main source of the harmful effects of obesity. Here, we recapitulate stress due to jet lag or work-life imbalances by flattening glucocorticoid oscillations in mice. Within 3 days, mice achieve a metabolic state with persistently high insulin, but surprisingly low glucose and fatty acids in the bloodstream, that precedes a more than 2-fold increase in brown and white adipose tissue mass within 3 weeks. Transcriptomic and Cd36-knockout mouse analyses show that hyperinsulinemia-mediated de novo fatty acid synthesis and Cd36-mediated fatty acid uptake drive fat mass increases. Intriguingly, this mechanism by which glucocorticoid flattening causes acute hyperinsulinemia and adipocyte hypertrophy is unexpectedly beneficial in preventing high levels of circulating fatty acids and glucose for weeks, thus serving as a protective response to preserve metabolic health during chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tholen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Roma Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and the Gale and Ira Drukier Institute of Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Agnieszka Agas
- Department of Biochemistry and the Gale and Ira Drukier Institute of Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle M Kovary
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Atefeh Rabiee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hayley T Nicholls
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ewa Bielczyk-Maczyńska
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenting Yang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mary N Teruel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biochemistry and the Gale and Ira Drukier Institute of Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Li Y, Wang S, Wang S, Wang S, Tang B, Liu F. Involvement of glucose transporter 4 in ovarian development and reproductive maturation of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:691-703. [PMID: 34516727 PMCID: PMC9298200 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucose is vital to embryogenesis, as are glucose transporters. Glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) is one of the glucose transporters, which is involved in rapid uptake of glucose by various cells and promotes glucose homeostasis. Although energy metabolism in insect reproduction is well known, the molecular mechanism of Glut4 in insect reproduction is poorly understood. We suspect that Glut4 is involved in maintaining glucose concentrations in the ovaries and affecting vitellogenesis, which is critical for subsequent oocyte maturation and insect fertility. Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) is a model organism for genetic research and a natural enemy of insect pests. We studied the influence of the Glut4 gene on the reproduction and development of H. axyridis using RNA interference technology. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that HaGlut4 was most highly expressed in adults. Knockdown of the HaGlut4 gene reduced the transcript levels of HaGlut4, and the weight and number of eggs produced significantly decreased. In addition, the transcript levels of vitellogenin receptor and vitellogenin in the fat bodies and the ovaries of H. axyridis decreased after the interference of Glut4, and decreased the triglyceride, fatty acid, total amino acid and adenosine triphosphate content of H. axyridis. This resulted in severe blockage of ovary development and reduction of yolk formation; there was no development of ovarioles in the developing oocytes. These changes indicate that a lack of HaGlut4 can impair ovarian development and oocyte maturation and result in decreased fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009China
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310036China
| | - Sha‐Sha Wang
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310036China
| | - Su Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesBeijing100097China
| | - Shi‐Gui Wang
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310036China
| | - Bin Tang
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310036China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009China
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23
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Lee HS, Santana ÁL, Peterson J, Yucel U, Perumal R, De Leon J, Lee SH, Smolensky D. Anti-Adipogenic Activity of High-Phenolic Sorghum Brans in Pre-Adipocytes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071493. [PMID: 35406112 PMCID: PMC9002988 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the leading public health problems that can result in life-threatening metabolic and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world and certain genotypes of sorghum have high polyphenol content. PI570481, SC84, and commercially available sumac sorghum are high-polyphenol genotypes that have demonstrated strong anti-cancer activities in previous studies. The objective of this study was to explore a potential anti-obesity use of extracts from sorghum bran in the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and to investigate cellular and molecular responses in differentiated adipocytes to elucidate related mechanisms. None of the four different sorghum bran extracts (PI570481, SC84, Sumac, and white sorghum as a low-polyphenol control) caused cytotoxicity in undifferentiated and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells at doses used in this study. Sorghum bran extracts (PI570481, SC84, and Sumac) reduced intracellular lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenic and lipogenic proteins in a dose-dependent manner in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. The same polyphenol containing sorghum bran extracts also repressed production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MAPK signaling pathways and repressed insulin signaling and glucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. These data propose a potential use of high-phenolic sorghum bran for the prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seop Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Ádina L. Santana
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Food Science Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66503, USA; (Á.L.S.); (J.P.); (U.Y.)
| | - Jaymi Peterson
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Food Science Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66503, USA; (Á.L.S.); (J.P.); (U.Y.)
| | - Umut Yucel
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Food Science Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66503, USA; (Á.L.S.); (J.P.); (U.Y.)
| | - Ramasamy Perumal
- Agricultural Research Center, Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Hays, KS 67601, USA;
| | - Joaquin De Leon
- Grain Quality and Structure Research Unit, United State Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA;
| | - Seong-Ho Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (D.S.); Tel.: +1-301-405-4532 (S.-H.L.); +1-785-537-5546 (D.S.)
| | - Dmitriy Smolensky
- Grain Quality and Structure Research Unit, United State Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (D.S.); Tel.: +1-301-405-4532 (S.-H.L.); +1-785-537-5546 (D.S.)
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24
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Integrating adipocyte insulin signaling and metabolism in the multi-omics era. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:531-546. [PMID: 35304047 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake into adipocytes via mTORC2/AKT signaling and GLUT4 translocation and directs glucose carbons into glycolysis, glycerol for TAG synthesis, and de novo lipogenesis. Adipocyte insulin resistance is an early indicator of type 2 diabetes in obesity, a worldwide health crisis. Thus, understanding the interplay between insulin signaling and central carbon metabolism pathways that maintains adipocyte function, blood glucose levels, and metabolic homeostasis is critical. While classically viewed through the lens of individual enzyme-substrate interactions, advances in mass spectrometry are beginning to illuminate adipocyte signaling and metabolic networks on an unprecedented scale, yet this is just the tip of the iceberg. Here, we review how 'omics approaches help to elucidate adipocyte insulin action in cellular time and space.
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25
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Krycer JR, Lor M, Fitzsimmons RL, Hudson JE. A cell culture platform for quantifying metabolic substrate oxidation in bicarbonate-buffered medium. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101547. [PMID: 34971704 PMCID: PMC8819040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex diseases such as cancer and diabetes are underpinned by changes in metabolism, specifically by which and how nutrients are catabolized. Substrate utilization can be directly examined by measuring a metabolic endpoint rather than an intermediate (such as tricarboxylic cycle metabolite). For instance, oxidation of specific substrates can be measured in vitro by incubation of live cultures with substrates containing radiolabeled carbon and measuring radiolabeled carbon dioxide. To increase throughput, we previously developed a miniaturized platform to measure substrate oxidation of both adherent and suspension cells using multiwell plates rather than flasks. This enabled multiple conditions to be examined simultaneously, ideal for drug screens and mechanistic studies. However, like many metabolic assays, this was not compatible with bicarbonate-buffered media, which is susceptible to alkalinization upon exposure to gas containing little carbon dioxide such as air. While other buffers such as HEPES can overcome this problem, bicarbonate has additional biological roles as a metabolic substrate and in modulating hormone signaling. Here, we create a bicarbonate-buffered well-plate platform to measure substrate oxidation. This was achieved by introducing a sealed environment within each well that was equilibrated with carbon dioxide, enabling bicarbonate buffering. As proof of principle, we assessed metabolic flux in cultured adipocytes, demonstrating that bicarbonate-buffered medium increased lipogenesis, glucose oxidation, and sensitivity to insulin in comparison to HEPES-buffered medium. This convenient and high-throughput method facilitates the study and screening of metabolic activity under more physiological conditions to aid biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Krycer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology
| | - Mary Lor
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
| | | | - James E Hudson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland.
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26
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Atchan Nwakiban AP, Passarelli A, Da Dalt L, Olivieri C, Demirci TN, Piazza S, Sangiovanni E, Carpentier-Maguire E, Martinelli G, Shivashankara ST, Manjappara UV, Tchamgoue AD, Agbor GA, Kuiate JR, Daglia M, Dell’Agli M, Magni P. Cameroonian Spice Extracts Modulate Molecular Mechanisms Relevant to Cardiometabolic Diseases in SW 872 Human Liposarcoma Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124271. [PMID: 34959824 PMCID: PMC8706885 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathophysiology of cardiometabolic diseases is known to be influenced by dysfunctional ectopic adipose tissue. In addition to lifestyle improvements, these conditions may be managed by novel nutraceutical products. This study evaluatedthe effects of 11 Cameroonian medicinal spice extracts on triglyceride accumulation, glucose uptake, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and interleukin secretion in SW 872 human adipocytes after differentiation with 100 µM oleic acid. Triglyceride content was significantly reduced by all spice extracts. Glucose uptake was significantly increased by Tetrapleura tetraptera, Aframomum melegueta and Zanthoxylum leprieurii. Moreover, Xylopia parviflora, Echinops giganteus and Dichrostachys glomerata significantly reduced the production of ROS. Concerning pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, we observed that Tetrapleura tetraptera, Echinops giganteus, Dichrostachys glomerata and Aframomum melegueta reduced IL-6 secretion. In addition, Xylopia parviflora, Monodora myristica, Zanthoxylum leprieurii, and Xylopia aethiopica reduced IL-8 secretion, while Dichrostachys glomerata and Aframomum citratum increased it. These findings highlight some interesting properties of these Cameroonian spice extracts in the modulation of cellular parameters relevant to cardiometabolic diseases, which may be further exploited, aiming to develop novel treatment options for these conditions based on nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Passarelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Da Dalt
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Chiara Olivieri
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Tugba Nur Demirci
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | | | - Giulia Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Shilpa Talkad Shivashankara
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore 570 020, India; (S.T.S.); (U.V.M.)
| | - Uma Venkateswaran Manjappara
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore 570 020, India; (S.T.S.); (U.V.M.)
| | - Armelle Deutou Tchamgoue
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé 4123, Cameroon; (A.D.T.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Gabriel Agbor Agbor
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé 4123, Cameroon; (A.D.T.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Jules-Roger Kuiate
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 96, Cameroon; (A.P.A.N.); (J.-R.K.)
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (P.M.); Tel.: +39-0250318398 (M.D.); +39-0250318229 (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Magni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (P.M.); Tel.: +39-0250318398 (M.D.); +39-0250318229 (P.M.)
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27
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Sánchez JC, Valencia-Vásquez A, García AM. Role of TRPV4 Channel in Human White Adipocytes Metabolic Activity. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:997-1006. [PMID: 34648704 PMCID: PMC8566118 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis plays an essential role in adipocyte metabolism and its alteration is associated with obesity and related disorders. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are an important Ca2+ pathway in adipocytes and their activity is regulated by metabolic mediators such as insulin. In this study, we evaluated the role of TRPV4 channels in metabolic activity and adipokine secretion in human white adipocytes. METHODS Human white adipocytes were freshly cultured and the effects of the activation and inhibition of TRPV4 channels on lipolysis, glucose uptake, lactate production, and leptin and adiponectin secretion were evaluated. RESULTS Under basal and isoproterenol-stimulated conditions, TRPV4 activation by GSK1016709A decreased lipolysis whereas HC067047, an antagonist, increased lipolysis. The activation of TRPV4 resulted in increased glucose uptake and lactate production under both basal conditions and insulin-stimulated conditions; in contrast HC067047 decreased both parameters. Leptin production was increased, and adiponectin production was diminished by TRPV4 activation and its inhibition had the opposite effect. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that TRPV4 channels are metabolic mediators involved in proadipogenic processes and glucose metabolism in adipocyte biology. TRPV4 channels could be a potential pharmacological target to treat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Sánchez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technological University of Pereira, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Aníbal Valencia-Vásquez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technological University of Pereira, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Andrés M García
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technological University of Pereira, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia
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28
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Francis D, Ghazanfar S, Havula E, Krycer JR, Strbenac D, Senior A, Minard AY, Geddes T, Nelson ME, Weiss F, Stöckli J, Yang JYH, James DE. Genome-wide analysis in Drosophila reveals diet-by-gene interactions and uncovers diet-responsive genes. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6287063. [PMID: 34568906 PMCID: PMC8496270 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors play a major role in metabolic health. However, they do not act in isolation, as a change in an environmental factor such as diet may exert different effects based on an individual’s genotype. Here, we sought to understand how such gene–diet interactions influenced nutrient storage and utilization, a major determinant of metabolic disease. We subjected 178 inbred strains from the Drosophila genetic reference panel (DGRP) to diets varying in sugar, fat, and protein. We assessed starvation resistance, a holistic phenotype of nutrient storage and utilization that can be robustly measured. Diet influenced the starvation resistance of most strains, but the effect varied markedly between strains such that some displayed better survival on a high carbohydrate diet (HCD) compared to a high-fat diet while others had opposing responses, illustrating a considerable gene × diet interaction. This demonstrates that genetics plays a major role in diet responses. Furthermore, heritability analysis revealed that the greatest genetic variability arose from diets either high in sugar or high in protein. To uncover the genetic variants that contribute to the heterogeneity in starvation resistance, we mapped 566 diet-responsive SNPs in 293 genes, 174 of which have human orthologs. Using whole-body knockdown, we identified two genes that were required for glucose tolerance, storage, and utilization. Strikingly, flies in which the expression of one of these genes, CG4607 a putative homolog of a mammalian glucose transporter, was reduced at the whole-body level, displayed lethality on a HCD. This study provides evidence that there is a strong interplay between diet and genetics in governing survival in response to starvation, a surrogate measure of nutrient storage efficiency and obesity. It is likely that a similar principle applies to higher organisms thus supporting the case for nutrigenomics as an important health strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanne Francis
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Shila Ghazanfar
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Essi Havula
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - James R Krycer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Dario Strbenac
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alistair Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Annabel Y Minard
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas Geddes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Marin E Nelson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Fiona Weiss
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Stöckli
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jean Y H Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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29
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Griesel BA, Matsuzaki S, Batushansky A, Griffin TM, Humphries KM, Olson AL. PFKFB3-dependent glucose metabolism regulates 3T3-L1 adipocyte development. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21728. [PMID: 34110658 PMCID: PMC8205188 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100381rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes, and other cell types, is accompanied by an increase in glucose uptake. Previous work showed that a pulse of high glucose was required during the first 3 days of differentiation in vitro, but was not required after that. The specific glucose metabolism pathways required for adipocyte differentiation are unknown. Herein, we used 3T3-L1 adipocytes as a model system to study glucose metabolism and expansion of the adipocyte metabolome during the first 3 days of differentiation. Our primary outcome measures were GLUT4 and adiponectin, key proteins associated with healthy adipocytes. Using complete media with 0 or 5 mM glucose, we distinguished between developmental features that were dependent on the differentiation cocktail of dexamethasone, insulin, and isobutylmethylxanthine alone or the cocktail plus glucose. Cocktail alone was sufficient to activate the capacity for 2-deoxglucose uptake and glycolysis, but was unable to support the expression of GLUT4 and adiponectin in mature adipocytes. In contrast, 5 mM glucose in the media promoted a transient increase in glucose uptake and glycolysis as well as a significant expansion of the adipocyte metabolome and proteome. Using genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we found that the positive effects of 5 mM glucose on adipocyte differentiation were specifically due to increased expression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), a key regulator of glycolysis and the ancillary glucose metabolic pathways. Our data reveal a critical role for PFKFB3 activity in regulating the cellular metabolic remodeling required for adipocyte differentiation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Griesel
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy M Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kenneth M Humphries
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ann Louise Olson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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30
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Ni X, Wang Z, Gao D, Yuan H, Sun L, Zhu X, Zhou Q, Yang Z. A description of the relationship in healthy longevity and aging-related disease: from gene to protein. Immun Ageing 2021; 18:30. [PMID: 34172062 PMCID: PMC8229348 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human longevity is a complex phenotype influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It is also known to be associated with various types of age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The central dogma of molecular biology demonstrates the conversion of DNA to RNA to the encoded protein. These proteins interact to form complex cell signaling pathways, which perform various biological functions. With prolonged exposure to the environment, the in vivo homeostasis adapts to the changes, and finally, humans adopt the phenotype of longevity or aging-related diseases. In this review, we focus on two different states: longevity and aging-related diseases, including CVD and AD, to discuss the relationship between genetic characteristics, including gene variation, the level of gene expression, regulation of gene expression, the level of protein expression, both genetic and environmental influences and homeostasis based on these phenotypes shown in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100001, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Danni Gao
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Ze Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China.
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100001, P.R. China.
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31
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Kobayashi M, Deguchi Y, Nozaki Y, Higami Y. Contribution of PGC-1α to Obesity- and Caloric Restriction-Related Physiological Changes in White Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116025. [PMID: 34199596 PMCID: PMC8199692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α) regulates mitochondrial DNA replication and mitochondrial gene expression by interacting with several transcription factors. White adipose tissue (WAT) mainly comprises adipocytes that store triglycerides as an energy resource and secrete adipokines. The characteristics of WAT vary in response to systemic and chronic metabolic alterations, including obesity or caloric restriction. Despite a small amount of mitochondria in white adipocytes, accumulated evidence suggests that mitochondria are strongly related to adipocyte-specific functions, such as adipogenesis and lipogenesis, as well as oxidative metabolism for energy supply. Therefore, PGC-1α is expected to play an important role in WAT. In this review, we provide an overview of the involvement of mitochondria and PGC-1α with obesity- and caloric restriction-related physiological changes in adipocytes and WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3676 (M.K. & Y.H.)
| | - Yusuke Deguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuka Nozaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3676 (M.K. & Y.H.)
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32
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Carpentier AC. 100 th anniversary of the discovery of insulin perspective: insulin and adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E653-E670. [PMID: 33522398 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00620.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin inhibits systemic nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) flux to a greater degree than glucose or any other metabolite. This remarkable effect is mainly due to insulin-mediated inhibition of intracellular triglyceride (TG) lipolysis in adipose tissues and is essential to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis, but also to limit the potential lipotoxic effects of NEFA in lean tissues that contribute to the development of diabetes complications. Insulin also regulates adipose tissue fatty acid esterification, glycerol and TG synthesis, lipogenesis, and possibly oxidation, contributing to the trapping of dietary fatty acids in the postprandial state. Excess NEFA flux at a given insulin level has been used to define in vivo adipose tissue insulin resistance. Adipose tissue insulin resistance defined in this fashion has been associated with several dysmetabolic features and complications of diabetes, but the mechanistic significance of this concept is not fully understood. This review focusses on the in vivo regulation of adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism by insulin and the mechanistic significance of the current definition of adipose tissue insulin resistance. One hundred years after the discovery of insulin and despite decades of investigations, much is still to be understood about the multifaceted in vivo actions of this hormone on adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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33
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Schmidt CA, McLaughlin KL, Boykov IN, Mojalagbe R, Ranganathan A, Buddo KA, Lin CT, Fisher-Wellman KH, Neufer PD. Aglycemic growth enhances carbohydrate metabolism and induces sensitivity to menadione in cultured tumor-derived cells. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:3. [PMID: 33468237 PMCID: PMC7816515 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of liver malignancy and carries poor prognoses due to late presentation of symptoms. Treatment of late-stage HCC relies heavily on chemotherapeutics, many of which target cellular energy metabolism. A key platform for testing candidate chemotherapeutic compounds is the intrahepatic orthotopic xenograft (IOX) model in rodents. Translational efficacy from the IOX model to clinical use is limited (in part) by variation in the metabolic phenotypes of the tumor-derived cells that can be induced by selective adaptation to subculture conditions. Methods In this study, a detailed multilevel systems approach combining microscopy, respirometry, potentiometry, and extracellular flux analysis (EFA) was utilized to examine metabolic adaptations that occur under aglycemic growth media conditions in HCC-derived (HEPG2) cells. We hypothesized that aglycemic growth would result in adaptive “aerobic poise” characterized by enhanced capacity for oxidative phosphorylation over a range of physiological energetic demand states. Results Aglycemic growth did not invoke adaptive changes in mitochondrial content, network complexity, or intrinsic functional capacity/efficiency. In intact cells, aglycemic growth markedly enhanced fermentative glycolytic substrate-level phosphorylation during glucose refeeding and enhanced responsiveness of both fermentation and oxidative phosphorylation to stimulated energy demand. Additionally, aglycemic growth induced sensitivity of HEPG2 cells to the provitamin menadione at a 25-fold lower dose compared to control cells. Conclusions These findings indicate that growth media conditions have substantial effects on the energy metabolism of subcultured tumor-derived cells, which may have significant implications for chemotherapeutic sensitivity during incorporation in IOX testing panels. Additionally, the metabolic phenotyping approach used in this study provides a practical workflow that can be incorporated with IOX screening practices to aid in deciphering the metabolic underpinnings of chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-021-00241-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron A Schmidt
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA.,Dept. of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kelsey L McLaughlin
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA.,Dept. of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ilya N Boykov
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA.,Dept. of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Rafiq Mojalagbe
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Katherine A Buddo
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA.,Dept. of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Chien-Te Lin
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA.,Dept. of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA. .,Dept. of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA. .,Dept. of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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