1
|
Weindel CG, Ellzey LM, Coleman AK, Patrick KL, Watson RO. LRRK2 kinase activity restricts NRF2-dependent mitochondrial protection in microglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.09.602769. [PMID: 39026883 PMCID: PMC11257505 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.602769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports a critical role for central nervous system (CNS) glial cells in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), as well as neurovascular ischemic stroke. Previously, we found that loss of the PD-associated gene leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (Lrrk2) in macrophages, peripheral innate immune cells, induced mitochondrial stress and elevated basal expression of type I interferon (IFN) stimulated genes (ISGs) due to chronic mitochondrial DNA engagement with the cGAS/STING DNA sensing pathway. Here, we report that loss of LRRK2 results in a paradoxical response in microglial cells, a CNS-specific macrophage population. In primary murine microglia and microglial cell lines, loss of Lrrk2 reduces tonic IFN signaling leading to a reduction in ISG expression. Consistent with reduced type I IFN, mitochondria from Lrrk2 KO microglia are protected from stress and have elevated metabolism. These protective phenotypes involve upregulation of NRF2, an important transcription factor in the response to oxidative stress and are restricted by LRRK2 kinase activity. Collectively, these findings illustrate a dichotomous role for LRRK2 within different immune cell populations and give insight into the fundamental differences between immune regulation in the CNS and the periphery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi G Weindel
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M School of Medicine, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Lily M Ellzey
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M School of Medicine, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Aja K Coleman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M School of Medicine, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Kristin L Patrick
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M School of Medicine, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Robert O Watson
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M School of Medicine, TX, 77807, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pujalte‐Martin M, Belaïd A, Bost S, Kahi M, Peraldi P, Rouleau M, Mazure NM, Bost F. Targeting cancer and immune cell metabolism with the complex I inhibitors metformin and IACS-010759. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1719-1738. [PMID: 38214418 PMCID: PMC11223609 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin and IACS-010759 are two distinct antimetabolic agents. Metformin, an established antidiabetic drug, mildly inhibits mitochondrial complex I, while IACS-010759 is a new potent mitochondrial complex I inhibitor. Mitochondria is pivotal in the energy metabolism of cells by providing adenosine triphosphate through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Hence, mitochondrial metabolism and OXPHOS become a vulnerability when targeted in cancer cells. Both drugs have promising antitumoral effects in diverse cancers, supported by preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies. We present evidence of their direct impact on cancer cells and their immunomodulatory effects. In clinical studies, while observational epidemiologic studies on metformin were encouraging, actual trial results were not as expected. However, IACS-01075 exhibited major adverse effects, thereby causing a metabolic shift to glycolysis and elevated lactic acid concentrations. Therefore, the future outlook for these two drugs depends on preventive clinical trials for metformin and investigations into the plausible toxic effects on normal cells for IACS-01075.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pujalte‐Martin
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M)NiceFrance
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
| | - Amine Belaïd
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M)NiceFrance
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
| | - Simon Bost
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
| | - Michel Kahi
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M)NiceFrance
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
| | - Pascal Peraldi
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M)NiceFrance
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
| | - Matthieu Rouleau
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- CNRS UMR7370, LP2MNiceFrance
| | - Nathalie M. Mazure
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M)NiceFrance
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
| | - Frédéric Bost
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M)NiceFrance
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Amin N, Abbasi IN, Wu F, Shi Z, Sundus J, Badry A, Yuan X, Zhao BX, Pan J, Mi XD, Luo Y, Geng Y, Fang M. The Janus face of HIF-1α in ischemic stroke and the possible associated pathways. Neurochem Int 2024; 177:105747. [PMID: 38657682 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is the most devastating disease, causing paralysis and eventually death. Many clinical and experimental trials have been done in search of a new safe and efficient medicine; nevertheless, scientists have yet to discover successful remedies that are also free of adverse effects. This is owing to the variability in intensity, localization, medication routes, and each patient's immune system reaction. HIF-1α represents the modern tool employed to treat stroke diseases due to its functions: downstream genes such as glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and cell survival. Its role can be achieved via two downstream EPO and VEGF strongly related to apoptosis and antioxidant processes. Recently, scientists paid more attention to drugs dealing with the HIF-1 pathway. This review focuses on medicines used for ischemia treatment and their potential HIF-1α pathways. Furthermore, we discussed the interaction between HIF-1α and other biological pathways such as oxidative stress; however, a spotlight has been focused on certain potential signalling contributed to the HIF-1α pathway. HIF-1α is an essential regulator of oxygen balance within cells which affects and controls the expression of thousands of genes related to sustaining homeostasis as oxygen levels fluctuate. HIF-1α's role in ischemic stroke strongly depends on the duration and severity of brain damage after onset. HIF-1α remains difficult to investigate, particularly in ischemic stroke, due to alterations in the acute and chronic phases of the disease, as well as discrepancies between the penumbra and ischemic core. This review emphasizes these contrasts and analyzes the future of this intriguing and demanding field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Amin
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Egypt; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Irum Naz Abbasi
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongjie Shi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Javaria Sundus
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Azhar Badry
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Xin Zhao
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Mi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhuan Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chu Z, Zhu L, Zhou Y, Yang F, Hu Z, Luo Y, Li W, Luo F. Targeting Nrf2 by bioactive peptides alleviate inflammation: expanding the role of gut microbiota and metabolites. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38881345 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2367570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex process that usually refers to the general response of the body to the harmful stimuli of various pathogens, tissue damage, or exogenous pollutants. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates cellular defense against oxidative damage and toxicity by expressing genes related to oxidative stress response and drug detoxification. In addition to its antioxidant properties, Nrf2 is involved in many other important physiological processes, including inflammation and metabolism. Nrf2 can bind the promoters of antioxidant genes and upregulates their expressions, which alleviate oxidation-induced inflammation. Nrf2 has been shown to upregulate heme oxygenase-1 expression, which promotes NF-κB activation and is closely related with inflammation. Nrf2, as a key factor in antioxidant response, is closely related to the expressions of pro-inflammatory factors, NF-κB pathway and cell metabolism. Bioactive peptides come from a wide range of sources and have many biological functions. Increasing evidence indicates that bioactive peptides have potential anti-inflammatory activities. This article summarized the sources, absorption and utilization of bioactive peptides and their role in alleviating inflammation via Nrf2 pathway. Bioactive peptides can also regulate gut microbiota and alter metabolites, which regulates the Nrf2 pathway through novel pathway and supplement the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of bioactive peptides. This review provides a reference for further study on the anti-inflammatory effect of bioactive peptides and the development and utilization of functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Chu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhu
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feiyan Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zuomin Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Clinic Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baiskhanova D, Schäfer H. The Role of Nrf2 in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Function and Ferroptosis in Pancreatic Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:696. [PMID: 38929135 PMCID: PMC11201043 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) represents the master regulator of the cellular antioxidant response and plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. This includes a preventive effect of Nrf2 on cell death through ferroptosis, which represents an essential mechanism of therapy resistance in malignant tumors, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as one of the most aggressive and still incurable tumors. Addressing this issue, we provide an overview on Nrf2 mediated antioxidant response with particular emphasis on its effect on mitochondria as the organelle responsible for the execution of ferroptosis. We further outline how deregulated Nrf2 adds to the progression and therapy resistance of PDAC, especially with respect to the role of ferroptosis in anti-cancer drug mediated cell killing and how this is impaired by Nrf2 as an essential mechanism of drug resistance. Our review further discusses recent approaches for Nrf2 inhibition by natural and synthetic compounds to overcome drug resistance based on enhanced ferroptosis. Finally, we provide an outlook on therapeutic strategies based on Nrf2 inhibition combined with ferroptosis inducing drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinara Baiskhanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology and Tumor Biology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mailloux RJ. The emerging importance of the α-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes in serving as intracellular and intercellular signaling platforms for the regulation of metabolism. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103155. [PMID: 38615490 PMCID: PMC11021975 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (KDHc) class of mitochondrial enzymes is composed of four members: pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHc), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHc), branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDHc), and 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (OADHc). These enzyme complexes occupy critical metabolic intersections that connect monosaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism to Krebs cycle flux and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). This feature also imbues KDHc enzymes with the heightened capacity to serve as platforms for propagation of intracellular and intercellular signaling. KDHc enzymes serve as a source and sink for mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (mtH2O2), a vital second messenger used to trigger oxidative eustress pathways. Notably, deactivation of KDHc enzymes through reversible oxidation by mtH2O2 and other electrophiles modulates the availability of several Krebs cycle intermediates and related metabolites which serve as powerful intracellular and intercellular messengers. The KDHc enzymes also play important roles in the modulation of mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetic programming in the nucleus through the provision of various acyl-CoAs, which are used to acylate proteinaceous lysine residues. Intriguingly, nucleosomal control by acylation is also achieved through PDHc and KGDHc localization to the nuclear lumen. In this review, I discuss emerging concepts in the signaling roles fulfilled by the KDHc complexes. I highlight their vital function in serving as mitochondrial redox sensors and how this function can be used by cells to regulate the availability of critical metabolites required in cell signaling. Coupled with this, I describe in detail how defects in KDHc function can cause disease states through the disruption of cell redox homeodynamics and the deregulation of metabolic signaling. Finally, I propose that the intracellular and intercellular signaling functions of the KDHc enzymes are controlled through the reversible redox modification of the vicinal lipoic acid thiols in the E2 subunit of the complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dauplais M, Romero S, Lazard M. Exposure to Selenomethionine and Selenocystine Induces Redox-Mediated ER Stress in Normal Breast Epithelial MCF-10A Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04244-y. [PMID: 38777874 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element co-translationally incorporated into selenoproteins with important biological functions. Health benefits have long been associated with selenium supplementation. However, cytotoxicity is observed upon excessive selenium intake. The aim of this study is to investigate the metabolic pathways underlying the response to the selenium-containing amino acids selenomethionine and selenocysteine in a normal human breast epithelial cell model. We show that both selenomethionine and selenocystine inhibit the proliferation of non-cancerous MCF-10A cells in the same concentration range as cancerous MCF-7 and Hela cells, which results in apoptotic cell death. Selenocystine exposure in MCF-10A cells caused a severe depletion of free low molecular weight thiols, which might explain the observed upregulation of the expression of the oxidative stress pathway transcription factor NRF2. Both selenomethionine and selenocystine induced the expression of target genes of the unfolded protein response (GRP78, ATF4, CHOP). Using a redox-sensitive fluorescent probe targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), we show that both selenoamino acids shifted the ER redox balance towards an even more oxidizing environment. These results suggest that alteration of the redox state of the ER may disrupt protein folding and cause ER stress-induced apoptosis in MCF-10A cells exposed to selenoamino acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dauplais
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de La Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP, Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stephane Romero
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de La Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP, Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Myriam Lazard
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de La Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP, Paris, Palaiseau, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gu Q, An Y, Xu M, Huang X, Chen X, Li X, Shan H, Zhang M. Disulfidptosis, A Novel Cell Death Pathway: Molecular Landscape and Therapeutic Implications. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0083. [PMID: 38739940 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death is pivotal for several physiological processes, including immune defense. Further, it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of developmental disorders and the onset of numerous diseases. Multiple modes of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, have been identified, each with their own unique characteristics and biological implications. In February 2023, Liu Xiaoguang and his team discovered "disulfidptosis," a novel pathway of programmed cell death. Their findings demonstrated that disulfidptosis is triggered in glucose-starved cells exhibiting high expression of a protein called SLC7A11. Furthermore, disulfidptosis is marked by a drastic imbalance in the NADPH/NADP+ ratio and the abnormal accumulation of disulfides like cystine. These changes ultimately lead to the destabilization of the F-actin network, causing cell death. Given that high SLC7A11 expression is a key feature of certain cancers, these findings indicate that disulfidptosis could serve as the basis of innovative anti-cancer therapies. Hence, this review delves into the discovery of disulfidptosis, its underlying molecular mechanisms and metabolic regulation, and its prospective applications in disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Gu
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yumei An
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan Xu
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueshi Chen
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xianzhe Li
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Patwardhan RS, Gohil D, Singh B, Kumar BK, Purohit V, Thoh M, Checker R, Gardi N, Gota V, Kutala VK, Patwardhan S, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Mitochondrial-targeted curcumin inhibits T-cell activation via Nrf2 and inhibits graft-versus-host-disease in a mouse model. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1555-1573. [PMID: 38281735 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory and immune suppressive agents are required to moderate hyper-activation of lymphocytes under disease conditions or organ transplantation. However, selective disruption of mitochondrial redox has not been evaluated as a therapeutic strategy for suppression of T-cell-mediated pathologies. Using mitochondrial targeted curcumin (MitoC), we studied the effect of mitochondrial redox modulation on T-cell responses by flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, transcriptomics, and proteomics, and the role of Nrf2 was studied using Nrf2- /- mice. MitoC decreased mitochondrial TrxR activity, enhanced mitochondrial ROS (mROS) production, depleted mitochondrial glutathione, and suppressed activation-induced increase in mitochondrial biomass. This led to suppression of T-cell responses and metabolic reprogramming towards Treg differentiation. MitoC induced nuclear translocation and DNA binding of Nrf2, leading to upregulation of Nrf2-dependent genes and proteins. MitoC-mediated changes in mitochondrial redox and modulation of T-cell responses are abolished in Nrf2- /- mice. Restoration of mitochondrial thiols abrogated inhibition of T-cell responses. MitoC suppressed alloantigen-induced lymphoblast formation, inflammatory cytokines, morbidity, and mortality in acute graft-versus-host disease mice. Disruption of mitochondrial thiols but not mROS increase inculcates an Nrf2-dependent immune-suppressive disposition in T cells for the propitious treatment of graft-versus-host disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dievya Gohil
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Babita Singh
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Binita K Kumar
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Vaitashi Purohit
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Maikho Thoh
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Nilesh Gardi
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Kutala
- Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sejal Patwardhan
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brackhan M, Arribas-Blazquez M, Lastres-Becker I. Aging, NRF2, and TAU: A Perfect Match for Neurodegeneration? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1564. [PMID: 37627559 PMCID: PMC10451380 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the trigger for the neurodegenerative disease process is unknown, the relevance of aging stands out as a major risk for the development of neurodegeneration. In this review, we highlighted the relationship between the different cellular mechanisms that occur as a consequence of aging and transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and the connection with the TAU protein. We focused on the relevance of NRF2 in the main processes involved in neurodegeneration and associated with aging, such as genomic instability, protein degradation systems (proteasomes/autophagy), cellular senescence, and stem cell exhaustion, as well as inflammation. We also analyzed the effect of aging on TAU protein levels and its aggregation and spread process. Finally, we investigated the interconnection between NRF2 and TAU and the relevance of alterations in the NRF2 signaling pathway in both primary and secondary tauopathies. All these points highlight NRF2 as a possible therapeutic target for tauopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Brackhan
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC, c/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Arribas-Blazquez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lastres-Becker
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC, c/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Benzo[a]pyrene treatment modulates Nrf2/Keap1 axis and changes the metabolic profile in rat lung cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 373:110373. [PMID: 36736873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is an aggressive malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a polycyclic hydrocarbon, plays a pivotal role in lung carcinogenesis. Uncovering the molecular mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of B[a]P induced malignancy is crucial. Male Sprague Dawley rats were induced with B[a]P to generate a lung cancer model. The B[a]P administered rats show increased body and lung weight, loss of normal pulmonary architecture, and decreased survival. This study demonstrated that B[a]P upregulates activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6) and C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) and induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. B[a]P also dysregulated mitochondrial homeostasis by upregulating, PTEN-induced putative kinase-1 (PINK1) and Parkin. B[a]P affected the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased oxidative stress. B[a]P exposure downregulated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Heme oxygenase-1(HO1). The metabolomic study identified that biosynthesis of nucleotide, amino acids, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and glutathione metabolism were up-accumulated. On the other hand, lower accumulation of fatty acids e.g., palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid were reported in the B[a]P induced group. Overall, the results of this study indicate that B[a]P treatment affects several signaling and metabolic pathways, whose dysregulation might be involved in lung cancer induction.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bai X, Bian Z, Zhang M. Targeting the Nrf2 signaling pathway using phytochemical ingredients: A novel therapeutic road map to combat neurodegenerative diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154582. [PMID: 36610130 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a classical nuclear transcription factor that regulates the system's anti-oxidative stress response. The activation of Nrf2 induces the expression of antioxidant proteins and improves the system's anti-oxidative stress ability. Accumulating evidence suggests that Nrf2-centered signaling pathways may be a key pharmacological target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). However, phytochemicals as new therapeutic agents against NDDs have not been clearly delineated. PURPOSE To review the therapeutic effects of phytochemical ingredients on NDDs by activating Nrf2 and reducing oxidative stress injury. METHODS A comprehensive search of published articles was performed using various literature databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The search terms included "Nrf2", "phytochemical ingredients", "natural bioactive agents", "neurodegenerative diseases", "Antioxidant", "Alzheimer's disease", "Parkinson's disease", "Huntington's disease", "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis" "multiple sclerosis", "toxicity", and combinations of these keywords. A total of 769 preclinical studies were retrieved until August 2022, and we included 39 of these articless on phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and other fields. RESULTS Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies showed that phytochemical ingredients could act as an Nrf2 activator in the treatment of NDDs through the antioxidant defense mechanism. These phytochemical ingredients, such as salidroside, naringenin, resveratrol, sesaminol, ellagic acid, ginsenoside Re, tanshinone I, sulforaphane, curcumin, naringin, tetramethylpyrazine, withametelin, magnolol, piperine, and myricetin, had the potential to improve Nrf2 signaling, thereby combatting NDDs. CONCLUSION As Nrf2 activators, phytochemical ingredients may provide a novel potential strategy for the treatment of NDDs. Here, we reviewed the interaction between phytochemical ingredients, Nrf2, and its antioxidant damaging pathway in NDDs and explored the advantages of phytochemical ingredients in anti-oxidative stress, which provides a reliable basis for improving the treatment of NDDs. However, further clinical trials are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of Nrf2 activators for NDDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zhigang Bian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kalyanaraman B. NAC, NAC, Knockin' on Heaven's door: Interpreting the mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine in tumor and immune cells. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102497. [PMID: 36242913 PMCID: PMC9563555 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been used as a direct scavenger of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide, in particular) and an antioxidant in cancer biology and immuno-oncology. NAC is the antioxidant drug most frequently employed in studies using tumor cells, immune cells, and preclinical mouse xenografts. Most studies use redox-active fluorescent probes such as dichlorodihydrofluorescein, hydroethidine, mitochondria-targeted hydroethidine, and proprietary kit-based probes (i.e., CellROX Green and CellROX Red) for intracellular detection of superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. Inhibition of fluorescence by NAC was used as a key experimental observation to support the formation of reactive oxygen species and redox mechanisms proposed for ferroptosis, tumor metastasis, and redox signaling in the tumor microenvironment. Reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide stimulate or abrogate tumor cells and immune cells depending on multiple factors. Understanding the mechanism of antioxidants is crucial for interpretation of the results. Because neither NAC nor the fluorescent probes indicated above react directly with hydrogen peroxide, it is critically important to reinterpret the results to advance our understanding of the mechanism of action of NAC and shed additional mechanistic insight on redox-regulated signaling in tumor biology. To this end, this review is focused on how NAC could affect multiple pathways in cancer cells, including iron signaling, ferroptosis, and the glutathione-dependent antioxidant and redox signaling mechanism, and how NAC could inhibit oxidation of the fluorescent probes through multiple mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Saporito-Magriñá C, Lairion F, Musacco-Sebio R, Fuda J, Torti H, Repetto MG. Biochemical regulatory processes in the control of oxidants and antioxidants production in the brain of rats with iron and copper chronic overloads. J Biol Inorg Chem 2022; 27:665-677. [PMID: 36171446 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Iron [Fe(II)] and copper [Cu(II)] overloads in rat brain are associated with oxidative stress and damage. The purpose of this research is to study whether brain antioxidant enzymes are involved in the control of intracellular redox homeostasis in the brain of rats male Sprague-Dawley rats (80-90 g) that received drinking water supplemented with either 1.0 g/L of ferrous chloride (n = 24) or 0.5 g/L cupric sulfate (n = 24) for 42 days. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione transferase (GT) activities in brain were determined by spectrophotometric methods and NO production by the content of nitrite concentration in the organ. Chronic treatment with Fe(II) and Cu(II) led to a significant decrease of nitrite content and SOD activity in brain. Activity of NADPH oxidase increased with Cu(II) treatment. Concerning Fe(II), catalase and GT activities increased in brain after 28 and 4 days of treatment, respectively. In the case of Cu(II), catalase activity decreased whereas GT activity increased after 2 and 14 days, respectively. The regulation of redox homeostasis in brain involves changes of the activity of these enzymes to control the steady state of oxidant species related to redox signaling pathways upon Cu and Fe overload. NO may serve to detoxify cells from superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide with the concomitant formation of peroxynitrite. However, the latest is a powerful oxidant which leads to oxidative modifications of biomolecules. These results suggest a common pathway to oxidative stress and damage in brain for Cu(II) and Fe(II).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Saporito-Magriñá
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Cátedra de Química General E Inorgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, CP: 1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Lairion
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Cátedra de Química General E Inorgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, CP: 1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosario Musacco-Sebio
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Cátedra de Química General E Inorgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, CP: 1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julian Fuda
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Fisicomatemática, Cátedra de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio Torti
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Fisicomatemática, Cátedra de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Gabriela Repetto
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Cátedra de Química General E Inorgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, CP: 1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Bioquímica Y Medicina Molecular Prof. Alberto Boveris(CONICET, IBIMOL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Esteras N, Abramov AY. Nrf2 as a regulator of mitochondrial function: Energy metabolism and beyond. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 189:136-153. [PMID: 35918014 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are unique and essential organelles that mediate many vital cellular processes including energy metabolism and cell death. The transcription factor Nrf2 (NF-E2 p45-related factor 2) has emerged in the last few years as an important modulator of multiple aspects of mitochondrial function. Well-known for controlling cellular redox homeostasis, the cytoprotective effects of Nrf2 extend beyond its ability to regulate a diverse network of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. Here, we review the role of Nrf2 in the regulation of mitochondrial function and structure. We focus on Nrf2 involvement in promoting mitochondrial quality control and regulation of basic aspects of mitochondrial function, including energy production, reactive oxygen species generation, calcium signalling, and cell death induction. Given the importance of mitochondria in the development of multiple diseases, these findings reinforce the pharmacological activation of Nrf2 as an attractive strategy to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Esteras
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Panieri E, Pinho SA, Afonso GJM, Oliveira PJ, Cunha-Oliveira T, Saso L. NRF2 and Mitochondrial Function in Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152401. [PMID: 35954245 PMCID: PMC9367715 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The NRF2–KEAP1 system is a fundamental component of the cellular response that controls a great variety of transcriptional targets that are mainly involved in the regulation of redox homeostasis and multiple cytoprotective mechanisms that confer adaptation to the stress conditions. The pleiotropic response orchestrated by NRF2 is particularly relevant in the context of oncogenic activation, wherein this transcription factor acts as a key driver of tumor progression and cancer cells’ resistance to treatment. For this reason, NRF2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer cells, stimulating extensive research aimed at the identification of natural, as well as chemical, NRF2 inhibitors. Excitingly, the influence of NRF2 on cancer cells’ biology extends far beyond its mere antioxidant function and rather encompasses a functional crosstalk with the mitochondrial network that can influence crucial aspects of mitochondrial homeostasis, including biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, metabolic reprogramming, and mitophagy. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of the reciprocal interrelation between NRF2 and mitochondria, with a focus on malignant tumors and cancer stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Section of Hazardous Substances, Environmental Education and Training for the Technical Coordination of Management Activities (DGTEC), Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (T.C.-O.); Tel.: +39-06-5007-2131 (E.P.); +351-231249195 (T.C.-O.)
| | - Sónia A. Pinho
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo J. M. Afonso
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Cunha-Oliveira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (T.C.-O.); Tel.: +39-06-5007-2131 (E.P.); +351-231249195 (T.C.-O.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang J, Zhou J, Wang C, Fukunaga A, Li S, Yodoi J, Tian H. Thioredoxin-1: A Promising Target for the Treatment of Allergic Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883116. [PMID: 35572600 PMCID: PMC9095844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is an important regulator of cellular redox homeostasis that comprises a redox-active dithiol. Trx1 is induced in response to various stress conditions, such as oxidative damage, infection or inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, irradiation, and chemical exposure. It has shown excellent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in the treatment of various human inflammatory disorders in animal models. This review focused on the protective roles and mechanisms of Trx1 in allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma, contact dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and drug allergies. Trx1 plays an important role in allergic diseases through processes, such as antioxidation, inhibiting macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), regulating Th1/Th2 immune balance, modulating allergic inflammatory cells, and suppressing complement activation. The regulatory mechanism of Trx1 differs from that of glucocorticoids that regulates the inflammatory reactions associated with immune response suppression. Furthermore, Trx1 exerts a beneficial effect on glucocorticoid resistance of allergic inflammation by inhibiting the production and internalization of MIF. Our results suggest that Trx1 has the potential for future success in translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jiedong Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Cuixue Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shujing Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Junji Yodoi
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Department of Biological Response, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hai Tian
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China.,Department of Research and Development, Jiaozhimei Biotechnology (Shaoxing) Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cui JG, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Li XN, Li JL. Lycopene regulates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response to prevent DEHP-induced cardiac mitochondrial damage in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:4527-4536. [PMID: 35348563 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lycopene (LYC), as a kind of carotene, has antioxidant effects. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was used to improve the flexibility of plastics. However, the potential role of LYC in DEHP induced cardiac injury in mice remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of LYC in DEHP induced cardiac injury. Male ICR mice were treated with DEHP (500 or 1000 mg per kg BW per day) and/or LYC (5 mg per kg BW per day) for 28 days. The results of histopathology and ultrastructure showed that LYC relieved the decrease of mitochondrial volume density and myocardial fibre disorder induced by DEHP. Subsequently, LYC attenuated DEHP-induced mitochondrial damage, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) activation, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mediated oxidative stress and heat shock response (HSR) activation induced by DEHP. LYC regulates UPRmt to prevent DEHP-induced cardiac mitochondrial damage. Thus, this study provided new evidence of UPRmt as a target for LYC treatment preventing DEHP-induced cardiac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Gen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zuo J, Zhang Z, Luo M, Zhou L, Nice EC, Zhang W, Wang C, Huang C. Redox signaling at the crossroads of human health and disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e127. [PMID: 35386842 PMCID: PMC8971743 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox biology is at the core of life sciences, accompanied by the close correlation of redox processes with biological activities. Redox homeostasis is a prerequisite for human health, in which the physiological levels of nonradical reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as the primary second messengers to modulate physiological redox signaling by orchestrating multiple redox sensors. However, excessive ROS accumulation, termed oxidative stress (OS), leads to biomolecule damage and subsequent occurrence of various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Herein, starting with the evolution of redox biology, we reveal the roles of ROS as multifaceted physiological modulators to mediate redox signaling and sustain redox homeostasis. In addition, we also emphasize the detailed OS mechanisms involved in the initiation and development of several important diseases. ROS as a double‐edged sword in disease progression suggest two different therapeutic strategies to treat redox‐relevant diseases, in which targeting ROS sources and redox‐related effectors to manipulate redox homeostasis will largely promote precision medicine. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the redox signaling networks under physiological and pathological conditions will facilitate the development of redox medicine and benefit patients with redox‐relevant diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Maochao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu P. R. China
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine Ningbo Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine Ningbo Zhejiang P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Paeoniflorin Upregulates Mitochondrial Thioredoxin of Schwann Cells to Improve Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Indicated by 4D Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4775645. [PMID: 35340203 PMCID: PMC8956397 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4775645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a diabetic complication characterized by demyelination. The pathogenesis of DPN has not been fully elucidated, thus lacking therapies. In the current study, we aimed to confirm whether paeoniflorin (PF) could improve DPN by upregulating mitochondrial thioredoxin (Trx2) based on 4D Label-free proteomic experiments of Schwann cells (SCs) mitochondria. Firstly, PF increased the expression of mitochondrial processing peptidase α (Pmpca) and small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (Sumo1) to increase mitochondrial protein processing of Trx2. Then, PF increased the protein expression of Trx reductase 2 (TrxR2) and peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3), which belong to mitochondrial Trx systems. Accordingly, PF decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) while increasing mtDNA and mitochondrial membrane potential to improve mitochondria function under high glucose environment. Furthermore, total glucosides of paeony capsules (TGP), containing more than 90% PF, increased the Trx2, TrxR2, and Prx3 levels in sciatic nerve of DPN rats, thus reducing demyelination as well as improving mechanical pain threshold, thermal pain threshold, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), and sensor nerve conduction velocity (SNCV). Overall, these results suggest that PF could provide protection for DPN by upregulating Trx2.
Collapse
|
21
|
Villavicencio-Tejo F, Olesen MA, Aránguiz A, Quintanilla RA. Activation of the Nrf2 Pathway Prevents Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Caspase-3 Cleaved Tau: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030515. [PMID: 35326165 PMCID: PMC8944569 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by memory and cognitive impairment, accompanied by the accumulation of extracellular deposits of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of pathological forms of tau protein. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are also critical elements for AD development. We previously showed that the presence of caspase-3 cleaved tau, a relevant pathological form of tau in AD, induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in different neuronal models. Recent studies demonstrated that the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) plays a significant role in the antioxidant response promoting neuroprotection. Here, we studied the effects of Nrf2 activation using sulforaphane (SFN) against mitochondrial injury induced by caspase-3 cleaved tau. We used immortalized cortical neurons to evaluate mitochondrial bioenergetics and ROS levels in control and SFN-treated cells. Expression of caspase-3 cleaved tau induced mitochondrial fragmentation, depolarization, ATP loss, and increased ROS levels. Treatment with SFN for 24 h significantly prevented these mitochondrial abnormalities, and reduced ROS levels. Analysis of Western blots and rt-PCR studies showed that SFN treatment increased the expression of several Nrf2-related antioxidants genes in caspase-3 cleaved tau cells. These results indicate a potential role of the Nrf2 pathway in preventing mitochondrial dysfunction induced by pathological forms of tau in AD.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ryan DG, Knatko EV, Casey AM, Hukelmann JL, Dayalan Naidu S, Brenes AJ, Ekkunagul T, Baker C, Higgins M, Tronci L, Nikitopolou E, Honda T, Hartley RC, O’Neill LA, Frezza C, Lamond AI, Abramov AY, Arthur JSC, Cantrell DA, Murphy MP, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Nrf2 activation reprograms macrophage intermediary metabolism and suppresses the type I interferon response. iScience 2022; 25:103827. [PMID: 35198887 PMCID: PMC8844662 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic stress, cells have evolved cytoprotective protein networks controlled by nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its negative regulator, Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1). Here, using high-resolution mass spectrometry we characterize the proteomes of macrophages with altered Nrf2 status revealing significant differences among the genotypes in metabolism and redox homeostasis, which were validated with respirometry and metabolomics. Nrf2 affected the proteome following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, with alterations in redox, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and innate immunity. Notably, Nrf2 activation promoted mitochondrial fusion. The Keap1 inhibitor, 4-octyl itaconate remodeled the inflammatory macrophage proteome, increasing redox and suppressing type I interferon (IFN) response. Similarly, pharmacologic or genetic Nrf2 activation inhibited the transcription of IFN-β and its downstream effector IFIT2 during LPS stimulation. These data suggest that Nrf2 activation facilitates metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial adaptation, and finetunes the innate immune response in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G. Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena V. Knatko
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Alva M. Casey
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jens L. Hukelmann
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Alejandro J. Brenes
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Thanapon Ekkunagul
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Christa Baker
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Maureen Higgins
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Laura Tronci
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Efterpi Nikitopolou
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Luke A.J. O’Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angus I. Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrey Y. Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - J. Simon C. Arthur
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Doreen A. Cantrell
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, Scotland, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Powers JA, Chio IIC. Softening redox homeostasis in cancer cells. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:133-134. [PMID: 35165419 PMCID: PMC9724712 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) rigidity increases during tumour progression. In a recent study, Romani et al. delineated a connection between ECM stiffness and the redox response of disseminated tumour cells. Their results suggest that soft ECM promotes DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission and an NRF2-dependent antioxidant response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Powers
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iok In Christine Chio
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ryan DG, Yang M, Prag HA, Blanco GR, Nikitopoulou E, Segarra-Mondejar M, Powell CA, Young T, Burger N, Miljkovic JL, Minczuk M, Murphy MP, von Kriegsheim A, Frezza C. Disruption of the TCA cycle reveals an ATF4-dependent integration of redox and amino acid metabolism. eLife 2021; 10:e72593. [PMID: 34939929 PMCID: PMC8735863 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle is arguably the most critical metabolic cycle in physiology and exists as an essential interface coordinating cellular metabolism, bioenergetics, and redox homeostasis. Despite decades of research, a comprehensive investigation into the consequences of TCA cycle dysfunction remains elusive. Here, we targeted two TCA cycle enzymes, fumarate hydratase (FH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and combined metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics analyses to fully appraise the consequences of TCA cycle inhibition (TCAi) in murine kidney epithelial cells. Our comparative approach shows that TCAi elicits a convergent rewiring of redox and amino acid metabolism dependent on the activation of ATF4 and the integrated stress response (ISR). Furthermore, we also uncover a divergent metabolic response, whereby acute FHi, but not SDHi, can maintain asparagine levels via reductive carboxylation and maintenance of cytosolic aspartate synthesis. Our work highlights an important interplay between the TCA cycle, redox biology, and amino acid homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Gerard Ryan
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ming Yang
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Hiran A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Efterpi Nikitopoulou
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Marc Segarra-Mondejar
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Powell
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Tim Young
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Nils Burger
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jan Lj Miljkovic
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Michal Minczuk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and CancerEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hepatic Nfe2l2 Is Not an Essential Mediator of the Metabolic Phenotype Produced by Dietary Methionine Restriction. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061788. [PMID: 34073838 PMCID: PMC8225036 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal sensing of dietary methionine restriction (MR) occurs in the liver, where it activates multiple transcriptional programs that mediate various biological components of the response. Hepatic Fgf21 is a key target and essential endocrine mediator of the metabolic phenotype produced by dietary MR. The transcription factor, Nfe2l2, is also activated by MR and functions in tandem with hepatic Atf4 to transactivate multiple, antioxidative components of the integrated stress response. However, it is unclear whether the transcriptional responses linked to Nfe2l2 activation by dietary MR are essential to the biological efficacy of the diet. Using mice with liver-specific deletion of Nfe2l2 (Nfe2l2fl/(Alb)) and their floxed littermates (Nfe2l2fl/fl) fed either Control or MR diets, the absence of hepatic Nfe2l2 had no effect on the ability of the MR diet to increase FGF21, reduce body weight and adiposity, and increase energy expenditure. Moreover, the primary elements of the hepatic transcriptome were similarly affected by MR in both genotypes, with the only major differences occurring in induction of the P450-associated drug metabolism pathway and the pentose glucuronate interconversion pathway. The biological significance of these pathways is uncertain but we conclude that hepatic Nfe2l2 is not essential in mediating the metabolic effects of dietary MR.
Collapse
|
26
|
The Mia40/CHCHD4 Oxidative Folding System: Redox Regulation and Signaling in the Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040592. [PMID: 33921425 PMCID: PMC8069373 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for several cellular functions as they control metabolism, cell physiology, and cell death. The mitochondrial proteome consists of around 1500 proteins, the vast majority of which (about 99% of them) are encoded by nuclear genes, with only 13 polypeptides in human cells encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Therefore, it is critical for all the mitochondrial proteins that are nuclear-encoded to be targeted precisely and sorted specifically to their site of action inside mitochondria. These processes of targeting and sorting are catalysed by protein translocases that operate in each one of the mitochondrial sub-compartments. The main protein import pathway for the intermembrane space (IMS) recognises proteins that are cysteine-rich, and it is the only import pathway that chemically modifies the imported precursors by introducing disulphide bonds to them. In this manner, the precursors are trapped in the IMS in a folded state. The key component of this pathway is Mia40 (called CHCHD4 in human cells), which itself contains cysteine motifs and is subject to redox regulation. In this review, we detail the basic components of the MIA pathway and the disulphide relay mechanism that underpins the electron transfer reaction along the oxidative folding mechanism. Then, we discuss the key protein modulators of this pathway and how they are interlinked to the small redox-active molecules that critically affect the redox state in the IMS. We present also evidence that the mitochondrial redox processes that are linked to iron–sulfur clusters biogenesis and calcium homeostasis coalesce in the IMS at the MIA machinery. The fact that the MIA machinery and several of its interactors and substrates are linked to a variety of common human diseases connected to mitochondrial dysfunction highlight the potential of redox processes in the IMS as a promising new target for developing new treatments for some of the most complex and devastating human diseases.
Collapse
|