1
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Pir MS, Begar E, Yenisert F, Demirci HC, Korkmaz ME, Karaman A, Tsiropoulou S, Firat-Karalar EN, Blacque OE, Oner SS, Doluca O, Cevik S, Kaplan OI. CilioGenics: an integrated method and database for predicting novel ciliary genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:8127-8145. [PMID: 38989623 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the full list of human ciliary genes holds enormous promise for the diagnosis of cilia-related human diseases, collectively known as ciliopathies. Currently, genetic diagnoses of many ciliopathies remain incomplete (1-3). While various independent approaches theoretically have the potential to reveal the entire list of ciliary genes, approximately 30% of the genes on the ciliary gene list still stand as ciliary candidates (4,5). These methods, however, have mainly relied on a single strategy to uncover ciliary candidate genes, making the categorization challenging due to variations in quality and distinct capabilities demonstrated by different methodologies. Here, we develop a method called CilioGenics that combines several methodologies (single-cell RNA sequencing, protein-protein interactions (PPIs), comparative genomics, transcription factor (TF) network analysis, and text mining) to predict the ciliary capacity of each human gene. Our combined approach provides a CilioGenics score for every human gene that represents the probability that it will become a ciliary gene. Compared to methods that rely on a single method, CilioGenics performs better in its capacity to predict ciliary genes. Our top 500 gene list includes 258 new ciliary candidates, with 31 validated experimentally by us and others. Users may explore the whole list of human genes and CilioGenics scores on the CilioGenics database (https://ciliogenics.com/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa S Pir
- Rare Disease Laboratory, School of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Efe Begar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Ferhan Yenisert
- Rare Disease Laboratory, School of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Hasan C Demirci
- Rare Disease Laboratory, School of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Mustafa E Korkmaz
- Rare Disease Laboratory, School of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Asli Karaman
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Science and Advanced Technologies Research Center (BILTAM), 34700 Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Sofia Tsiropoulou
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Elif Nur Firat-Karalar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Oliver E Blacque
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sukru S Oner
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Science and Advanced Technologies Research Center (BILTAM), 34700 Istanbul, Turkiye
- Goztepe Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Osman Doluca
- Izmir University of Economics, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Sebiha Cevik
- Rare Disease Laboratory, School of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Oktay I Kaplan
- Rare Disease Laboratory, School of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkiye
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2
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King SM, Sakato-Antoku M, Patel-King RS, Balsbaugh JL. The methylome of motile cilia. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar89. [PMID: 38696262 PMCID: PMC11244166 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-03-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cilia are highly complex motile, sensory, and secretory organelles that contain perhaps 1000 or more distinct protein components, many of which are subject to various posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, N-terminal acetylation, and proteolytic processing. Another common modification is the addition of one or more methyl groups to the side chains of arginine and lysine residues. These tunable additions delocalize the side-chain charge, decrease hydrogen bond capacity, and increase both bulk and hydrophobicity. Methylation is usually mediated by S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases and reversed by demethylases. Previous studies have identified several ciliary proteins that are subject to methylation including axonemal dynein heavy chains that are modified by a cytosolic methyltransferase. Here, we have performed an extensive proteomic analysis of multiple independently derived cilia samples to assess the potential for SAM metabolism and the extent of methylation in these organelles. We find that cilia contain all the enzymes needed for generation of the SAM methyl donor and recycling of the S-adenosylhomocysteine and tetrahydrofolate byproducts. In addition, we find that at least 155 distinct ciliary proteins are methylated, in some cases at multiple sites. These data provide a comprehensive resource for studying the consequences of methyl marks on ciliary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 3305
| | - Miho Sakato-Antoku
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 3305
| | - Ramila S. Patel-King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 3305
| | - Jeremy L. Balsbaugh
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Center for Open Research Resources & Equipment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
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3
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Hjeij R, Leslie J, Rizk H, Dworniczak B, Olbrich H, Raidt J, Bode SFN, Gardham A, Stals K, Al-Haggar M, Osman E, Crosby A, Eldesoky T, Baple E, Omran H. Biallelic Variants in MNS1 Are Associated with Laterality Defects and Respiratory Involvement. Cells 2024; 13:1017. [PMID: 38920647 PMCID: PMC11202006 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Defects in motile cilia, termed motile ciliopathies, result in clinical manifestations affecting the respiratory and reproductive system, as well as laterality defects and hydrocephalus. We previously defined biallelic MNS1 variants causing situs inversus and male infertility, mirroring the findings in Mns1-/- mice. Here, we present clinical and genomic findings in five newly identified individuals from four unrelated families affected by MNS1-related disorder. Ciliopathy panel testing and whole exome sequencing identified one previously reported and two novel MNS1 variants extending the genotypic spectrum of disease. A broad spectrum of laterality defects including situs inversus totalis and heterotaxia was confirmed. Interestingly, a single affected six-year-old girl homozygous for an MNS1 nonsense variant presented with a history of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, recurrent respiratory tract infections, chronic rhinitis, and wet cough. Accordingly, immunofluorescence analysis showed the absence of MNS1 from the respiratory epithelial cells of this individual. Two other individuals with hypomorphic variants showed laterality defects and mild respiratory phenotype. This study represents the first observation of heterotaxia and respiratory disease in individuals with biallelic MNS1 variants, an important extension of the phenotype associated with MNS1-related motile ciliopathy disorder.
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Grants
- HJ 7/1-1, HJ 7/1-3, OM6/7, OM6/8, OM6/10, OM6/14, OM6/16, CRU 326, OM6/11, RA3522/1-1, OL 450/1 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Om2/009/12, Om2/015/16, Om2/010/20 Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Hjeij
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (B.D.); (H.O.); (J.R.); (H.O.)
| | - Joseph Leslie
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK; (J.L.); (A.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Hoda Rizk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (H.R.); (E.O.); (T.E.)
| | - Bernd Dworniczak
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (B.D.); (H.O.); (J.R.); (H.O.)
| | - Heike Olbrich
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (B.D.); (H.O.); (J.R.); (H.O.)
| | - Johanna Raidt
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (B.D.); (H.O.); (J.R.); (H.O.)
| | | | - Alice Gardham
- North West Thames Regional Genetic Service, North West London Hospitals, London HA1 2UJ, UK;
| | - Karen Stals
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory (NHS South West Genomic Laboratory Hub), Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK;
| | - Mohammad Al-Haggar
- Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Engy Osman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (H.R.); (E.O.); (T.E.)
| | - Andrew Crosby
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK; (J.L.); (A.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Tarek Eldesoky
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (H.R.); (E.O.); (T.E.)
| | - Emma Baple
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK; (J.L.); (A.C.); (E.B.)
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Exeter EX1 2ED, UK
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (B.D.); (H.O.); (J.R.); (H.O.)
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4
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Mercey O, Mukherjee S, Guichard P, Hamel V. The molecular architecture of the ciliary transition zones. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 88:102361. [PMID: 38648677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are specialized eukaryotic organelles projecting from the surface of eukaryotic cells that play a central role in various physiological processes, including cell motility, sensory perception, and signal transduction. At the base of these structures lies the ciliary transition zone, a pivotal region that functions as a gatekeeper and communication hub for ciliary activities. Despite its crucial role, the intricacies of its architecture remain poorly understood, especially given the variations in its organization across different cell types and species. In this review, we explore the molecular architecture of the ciliary transition zone, with a particular focus on recent findings obtained using cryotomography and super-resolution imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mercey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Souradip Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Guichard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Virginie Hamel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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5
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Marshall WF. Chlamydomonas as a model system to study cilia and flagella using genetics, biochemistry, and microscopy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1412641. [PMID: 38872931 PMCID: PMC11169674 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1412641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, has played a central role in discovering much of what is currently known about the composition, assembly, and function of cilia and flagella. Chlamydomonas combines excellent genetics, such as the ability to grow cells as haploids or diploids and to perform tetrad analysis, with an unparalleled ability to detach and isolate flagella in a single step without cell lysis. The combination of genetics and biochemistry that is possible in Chlamydomonas has allowed many of the key components of the cilium to be identified by looking for proteins that are missing in a defined mutant. Few if any other model organisms allow such a seamless combination of genetic and biochemical approaches. Other major advantages of Chlamydomonas compared to other systems include the ability to induce flagella to regenerate in a highly synchronous manner, allowing the kinetics of flagellar growth to be measured, and the ability of Chlamydomonas flagella to adhere to glass coverslips allowing Intraflagellar Transport to be easily imaged inside the flagella of living cells, with quantitative precision and single-molecule resolution. These advantages continue to work in favor of Chlamydomonas as a model system going forward, and are now augmented by extensive genomic resources, a knockout strain collection, and efficient CRISPR gene editing. While Chlamydomonas has obvious limitations for studying ciliary functions related to animal development or organ physiology, when it comes to studying the fundamental biology of cilia and flagella, Chlamydomonas is simply unmatched in terms of speed, efficiency, cost, and the variety of approaches that can be brought to bear on a question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace F. Marshall
- Department Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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6
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Wang H, Ni X, Clark N, Randall K, Boeglin L, Chivukula S, Woo C, DeRosa F, Sun G. Absolute quantitation of human wild-type DNAI1 protein in lung tissue using a nanoLC-PRM-MS-based targeted proteomics approach coupled with immunoprecipitation. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:8. [PMID: 38311768 PMCID: PMC10840268 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynein axonemal intermediate chain 1 protein (DNAI1) plays an essential role in cilia structure and function, while its mutations lead to primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Accurate quantitation of DNAI1 in lung tissue is crucial for comprehensive understanding of its involvement in PCD, as well as for developing the potential PCD therapies. However, the current protein quantitation method is not sensitive enough to detect the endogenous level of DNAI1 in complex biological matrix such as lung tissue. METHODS In this study, a quantitative method combining immunoprecipitation with nanoLC-MS/MS was developed to measure the expression level of human wild-type (WT) DNAI1 protein in lung tissue. To our understanding, it is the first immunoprecipitation (IP)-MS based method for absolute quantitation of DNAI1 protein in lung tissue. The DNAI1 quantitation was achieved through constructing a standard curve with recombinant human WT DNAI1 protein spiked into lung tissue matrix. RESULTS This method was qualified with high sensitivity and accuracy. The lower limit of quantitation of human DNAI1 was 4 pg/mg tissue. This assay was successfully applied to determine the endogenous level of WT DNAI1 in human lung tissue. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly demonstrate that the developed assay can accurately quantitate low-abundance WT DNAI1 protein in human lung tissue with high sensitivity, indicating its high potential use in the drug development for DNAI1 mutation-caused PCD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Translate Bio, a Sanofi Company, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
| | - Xiaoyan Ni
- Translate Bio, a Sanofi Company, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Nicholas Clark
- Translate Bio, a Sanofi Company, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | | | - Lianne Boeglin
- Translate Bio, a Sanofi Company, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | | | - Caroline Woo
- Translate Bio, a Sanofi Company, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Frank DeRosa
- Translate Bio, a Sanofi Company, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Gang Sun
- Translate Bio, a Sanofi Company, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
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7
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Deretic J, Odabasi E, Firat-Karalar EN. The multifaceted roles of microtubule-associated proteins in the primary cilium and ciliopathies. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261148. [PMID: 38095645 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a conserved microtubule-based organelle that is critical for transducing developmental, sensory and homeostatic signaling pathways. It comprises an axoneme with nine parallel doublet microtubules extending from the basal body, surrounded by the ciliary membrane. The axoneme exhibits remarkable stability, serving as the skeleton of the cilium in order to maintain its shape and provide tracks to ciliary trafficking complexes. Although ciliary trafficking and signaling have been exhaustively characterized over the years, less is known about the unique structural and functional complexities of the axoneme. Recent work has yielded new insights into the mechanisms by which the axoneme is built with its proper length and architecture, particularly regarding the activity of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). In this Review, we first summarize current knowledge about the architecture, composition and specialized compartments of the primary cilium. Next, we discuss the mechanistic underpinnings of how a functional cilium is assembled, maintained and disassembled through the regulation of its axonemal microtubules. We conclude by examining the diverse localizations and functions of ciliary MAPs for the pathobiology of ciliary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Deretic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Odabasi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Elif Nur Firat-Karalar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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8
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Ott E, Hoff S, Indorf L, Ditengou FA, Müller J, Renschler G, Lienkamp SS, Kramer-Zucker A, Bergmann C, Epting D. A novel role for the chloride intracellular channel protein Clic5 in ciliary function. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17647. [PMID: 37848494 PMCID: PMC10582032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CLIC5 belongs to a family of ion channels with six members reported so far. In vertebrates, the CLIC5 gene encodes two different isoforms, CLIC5A and CLIC5B. In addition to its ion channel activity, there is evidence for further functions of CLIC5A, such as the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton during the formation of a functional glomerulus in the vertebrate kidney. However, its specific role is still incompletely understood and a specific functional role for CLIC5B has not been described yet. Here we report our findings on the differential expression and functions of Clic5a and Clic5b during zebrafish kidney development. Whole-mount in situ hybridization studies revealed specific expression of clic5a in the eye and pronephric glomerulus, and clic5b is expressed in the gut, liver and the pronephric tubules. Clic5 immunostainings revealed that Clic5b is localized in the cilia. Whereas knockdown of Clic5a resulted in leakiness of the glomerular filtration barrier, Clic5b deficient embryos displayed defective ciliogenesis, leading to ciliopathy-associated phenotypes such as ventral body curvature, otolith deposition defects, altered left-right asymmetry and formation of hydrocephalus and pronephric cysts. In addition, Clic5 deficiency resulted in dysregulation of cilia-dependent Wnt signalling pathway components. Mechanistically, we identified a Clic5-dependent activation of the membrane-cytoskeletal linker proteins Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (ERM) in the pronephric tubules of zebrafish. In conclusion, our in vivo data demonstrates a novel role for Clic5 in regulating essential ciliary functions and identified Clic5 as a positive regulator of ERM phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Ott
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Hoff
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lara Indorf
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franck Anicet Ditengou
- Bio Imaging Core Light Microscopy (BiMiC), Medical Faculty-Institute for Disease Modeling and Targeted Medicine (IMITATE), 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julius Müller
- Limbach Genetics, Medizinische Genetik Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gina Renschler
- Limbach Genetics, Medizinische Genetik Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Soeren S Lienkamp
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Kramer-Zucker
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Limbach Genetics, Medizinische Genetik Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Epting
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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9
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Yang X, Liu X, Nie Y, Zhan F, Zhu B. Oxidative stress and ROS-mediated cellular events in RSV infection: potential protective roles of antioxidants. Virol J 2023; 20:224. [PMID: 37798799 PMCID: PMC10557227 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a member of the Pneumoviridae family, can cause severe acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants, young children, immunocompromised individuals and elderly people. RSV is associated with an augmented innate immune response, enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and necrosis of infected cells. Oxidative stress, which is mainly characterized as an imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant responses, interacts with all the pathophysiologic processes above and is receiving increasing attention in RSV infection. A gradual accumulation of evidence indicates that ROS overproduction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of severe RSV infection and serves as a major factor in pulmonary inflammation and tissue damage. Thus, antioxidants seem to be an effective treatment for severe RSV infection. This article mainly reviews the information on oxidative stress and ROS-mediated cellular events during RSV infection for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Yujun Nie
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Zhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China.
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10
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Horani A, Gupta DK, Xu J, Xu H, del Carmen Puga-Molina L, Santi CM, Ramagiri S, Brennan SK, Pan J, Koenitzer JR, Huang T, Hyland RM, Gunsten SP, Tzeng SC, Strahle JM, Mill P, Mahjoub MR, Dutcher SK, Brody SL. The effect of Dnaaf5 gene dosage on primary ciliary dyskinesia phenotypes. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168836. [PMID: 37104040 PMCID: PMC10393236 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
DNAAF5 is a dynein motor assembly factor associated with the autosomal heterogenic recessive condition of motile cilia, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). The effects of allele heterozygosity on motile cilia function are unknown. We used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in mice to recreate a human missense variant identified in patients with mild PCD and a second, frameshift-null deletion in Dnaaf5. Litters with Dnaaf5 heteroallelic variants showed distinct missense and null gene dosage effects. Homozygosity for the null Dnaaf5 alleles was embryonic lethal. Compound heterozygous animals with the missense and null alleles showed severe disease manifesting as hydrocephalus and early lethality. However, animals homozygous for the missense mutation had improved survival, with partially preserved cilia function and motor assembly observed by ultrastructure analysis. Notably, the same variant alleles exhibited divergent cilia function across different multiciliated tissues. Proteomic analysis of isolated airway cilia from mutant mice revealed reduction in some axonemal regulatory and structural proteins not previously reported in DNAAF5 variants. Transcriptional analysis of mouse and human mutant cells showed increased expression of genes coding for axonemal proteins. These findings suggest allele-specific and tissue-specific molecular requirements for cilia motor assembly that may affect disease phenotypes and clinical trajectory in motile ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sruthi Ramagiri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer M. Strahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Pleasantine Mill
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Moe R. Mahjoub
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
- Department of Medicine
| | - Susan K. Dutcher
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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11
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Horani A, Gupta DK, Xu J, Xu H, Del Carmen Puga-Molina L, Santi CM, Ramagiri S, Brennen SK, Pan J, Huang T, Hyland RM, Gunsten SP, Tzeng SC, Strahle JM, Mill P, Mahjoub MR, Dutcher SK, Brody SL. The effect of Dnaaf5 gene dosage on primary ciliary dyskinesia phenotypes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.13.523966. [PMID: 36712068 PMCID: PMC9882222 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.13.523966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
DNAAF5 is a dynein motor assembly factor associated with the autosomal heterogenic recessive condition of motile cilia, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). The effects of allele heterozygosity on motile cilia function are unknown. We used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in mice to recreate a human missense variant identified in patients with mild PCD and a second, frameshift null deletion in Dnaaf5 . Litters with Dnaaf5 heteroallelic variants showed distinct missense and null gene dosage effects. Homozygosity for the null Dnaaf5 alleles was embryonic lethal. Compound heterozygous animals with the missense and null alleles showed severe disease manifesting as hydrocephalus and early lethality. However, animals homozygous for the missense mutation had improved survival, with partial preserved cilia function and motor assembly observed by ultrastructure analysis. Notably, the same variant alleles exhibited divergent cilia function across different multiciliated tissues. Proteomic analysis of isolated airway cilia from mutant mice revealed reduction in some axonemal regulatory and structural proteins not previously reported in DNAAF5 variants. While transcriptional analysis of mouse and human mutant cells showed increased expression of genes coding for axonemal proteins. Together, these findings suggest allele-specific and tissue-specific molecular requirements for cilia motor assembly that may affect disease phenotypes and clinical trajectory in motile ciliopathies. Brief Summary A mouse model of human DNAAF5 primary ciliary dyskinesia variants reveals gene dosage effects of mutant alleles and tissue-specific molecular requirements for cilia motor assembly.
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12
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Park K, Leroux MR. Composition, organization and mechanisms of the transition zone, a gate for the cilium. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55420. [PMID: 36408840 PMCID: PMC9724682 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cilium evolved to provide the ancestral eukaryote with the ability to move and sense its environment. Acquiring these functions required the compartmentalization of a dynein-based motility apparatus and signaling proteins within a discrete subcellular organelle contiguous with the cytosol. Here, we explore the potential molecular mechanisms for how the proximal-most region of the cilium, termed transition zone (TZ), acts as a diffusion barrier for both membrane and soluble proteins and helps to ensure ciliary autonomy and homeostasis. These include a unique complement and spatial organization of proteins that span from the microtubule-based axoneme to the ciliary membrane; a protein picket fence; a specialized lipid microdomain; differential membrane curvature and thickness; and lastly, a size-selective molecular sieve. In addition, the TZ must be permissive for, and functionally integrates with, ciliary trafficking systems (including intraflagellar transport) that cross the barrier and make the ciliary compartment dynamic. The quest to understand the TZ continues and promises to not only illuminate essential aspects of human cell signaling, physiology, and development, but also to unravel how TZ dysfunction contributes to ciliopathies that affect multiple organ systems, including eyes, kidney, and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangjin Park
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and DiseaseSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
- Present address:
Terry Fox LaboratoryBC CancerVancouverBCCanada
- Present address:
Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Michel R Leroux
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and DiseaseSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
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13
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Abstract
Cilia sense and transduce sensory stimuli, homeostatic cues and developmental signals by orchestrating signaling reactions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) that bud from the ciliary membrane have well-studied roles in the disposal of excess ciliary material, most dramatically exemplified by the shedding of micrometer-sized blocks by photoreceptors. Shedding of EVs by cilia also affords cells with a powerful means to shorten cilia. Finally, cilium-derived EVs may enable cell-cell communication in a variety of organisms, ranging from single-cell parasites and algae to nematodes and vertebrates. Mechanistic understanding of EV shedding by cilia is an active area of study, and future progress may open the door to testing the function of ciliary EV shedding in physiological contexts. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that drive the shedding of ciliary material into the extracellular space, the consequences of shedding for the donor cell and the possible roles that ciliary EVs may have in cell non-autonomous contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ojeda Naharros
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-3120, USA
| | - Maxence V. Nachury
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-3120, USA
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14
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Hibbard JVK, Vázquez N, Wallingford JB. Cilia proteins getting to work - how do they commute from the cytoplasm to the base of cilia? J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259444. [PMID: 36073764 PMCID: PMC9482345 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are multifunctional organelles that originated with the last eukaryotic common ancestor and play central roles in the life cycles of diverse organisms. The motile flagella that move single cells like sperm or unicellular organisms, the motile cilia on animal multiciliated cells that generate fluid flow in organs, and the immotile primary cilia that decorate nearly all cells in animals share many protein components in common, yet each also requires specialized proteins to perform their specialized functions. Despite a now-advanced understanding of how such proteins are transported within cilia, we still know very little about how they are transported from their sites of synthesis through the cytoplasm to the ciliary base. Here, we review the literature concerning this underappreciated topic in ciliary cell biology. We discuss both general mechanisms, as well as specific examples of motor-driven active transport and passive transport via diffusion-and-capture. We then provide deeper discussion of specific, illustrative examples, such as the diverse array of protein subunits that together comprise the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system and the multi-protein axonemal dynein motors that drive beating of motile cilia. We hope this Review will spur further work, shedding light not only on ciliogenesis and ciliary signaling, but also on intracellular transport in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John B. Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78751, USA
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15
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Smith AJ, Bustamante-Marin XM, Yin W, Sears PR, Herring LE, Dicheva NN, López-Giráldez F, Mane S, Tarran R, Leigh MW, Knowles MR, Zariwala MA, Ostrowski LE. The role of SPAG1 in the assembly of axonemal dyneins in human airway epithelia. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259512. [PMID: 35178554 PMCID: PMC8995097 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in SPAG1, a dynein axonemal assembly factor (DNAAF) that facilitates the assembly of dynein arms in the cytoplasm before their transport into the cilium, result in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a genetically heterogenous disorder characterized by chronic oto-sino-pulmonary disease, infertility and laterality defects. To further elucidate the role of SPAG1 in dynein assembly, we examined its expression, interactions and ciliary defects in control and PCD human airway epithelia. Immunoprecipitations showed that SPAG1 interacts with multiple DNAAFs, dynein chains and canonical components of the R2TP complex. Protein levels of dynein heavy chains (DHCs) and interactions between DHCs and dynein intermediate chains (DICs) were reduced in SPAG1 mutants. We also identified a previously uncharacterized 60 kDa SPAG1 isoform, through examination of PCD subjects with an atypical ultrastructural defect for SPAG1 variants, that can partially compensate for the absence of full-length SPAG1 to assemble a reduced number of outer dynein arms. In summary, our data show that SPAG1 is necessary for axonemal dynein arm assembly by scaffolding R2TP-like complexes composed of several DNAAFs that facilitate the folding and/or binding of the DHCs to the DIC complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Smith
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ximena M. Bustamante-Marin
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Weining Yin
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Patrick R. Sears
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura E. Herring
- University of North Carolina Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nedyalka N. Dicheva
- University of North Carolina Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Shrikant Mane
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Margaret W. Leigh
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael R. Knowles
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Maimoona A. Zariwala
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lawrence E. Ostrowski
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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16
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Ostrowski LE, Yin W, Smith AJ, Sears PR, Bustamante-Marin XM, Dang H, Hildebrandt F, Daniels LA, Capps NA, Sullivan KM, Leigh MW, Zariwala MA, Knowles MR. Expression of a Truncated Form of ODAD1 Associated with an Unusually Mild Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031753. [PMID: 35163670 PMCID: PMC8835943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare lung disease caused by mutations that impair the function of motile cilia, resulting in chronic upper and lower respiratory disease, reduced fertility, and a high prevalence of situs abnormalities. The disease is genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous, with causative mutations in > 50 genes identified, and clinical phenotypes ranging from mild to severe. Absence of ODAD1 (CCDC114), a component of the outer dynein arm docking complex, results in a failure to assemble outer dynein arms (ODAs), mostly immotile cilia, and a typical PCD phenotype. We identified a female (now 34 years old) with an unusually mild clinical phenotype who has a homozygous non-canonical splice mutation (c.1502+5G>A) in ODAD1. To investigate the mechanism for the unusual phenotype, we performed molecular and functional studies of cultured nasal epithelial cells. We demonstrate that this splice mutation results in the expression of a truncated protein that is attached to the axoneme, indicating that the mutant protein retains partial function. This allows for the assembly of some ODAs and a significant level of ciliary activity that may result in the atypically mild clinical phenotype. The results also suggest that partial restoration of ciliary function by therapeutic agents could lead to significant improvement of disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence E. Ostrowski
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.Y.); (A.J.S.); (P.R.S.); (X.M.B.-M.); (H.D.); (L.A.D.); (N.A.C.); (K.M.S.); (M.W.L.); (M.A.Z.)
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: (L.E.O.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Weining Yin
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.Y.); (A.J.S.); (P.R.S.); (X.M.B.-M.); (H.D.); (L.A.D.); (N.A.C.); (K.M.S.); (M.W.L.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Amanda J. Smith
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.Y.); (A.J.S.); (P.R.S.); (X.M.B.-M.); (H.D.); (L.A.D.); (N.A.C.); (K.M.S.); (M.W.L.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Patrick R. Sears
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.Y.); (A.J.S.); (P.R.S.); (X.M.B.-M.); (H.D.); (L.A.D.); (N.A.C.); (K.M.S.); (M.W.L.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Ximena M. Bustamante-Marin
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.Y.); (A.J.S.); (P.R.S.); (X.M.B.-M.); (H.D.); (L.A.D.); (N.A.C.); (K.M.S.); (M.W.L.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.Y.); (A.J.S.); (P.R.S.); (X.M.B.-M.); (H.D.); (L.A.D.); (N.A.C.); (K.M.S.); (M.W.L.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02113, USA;
| | - Leigh Anne Daniels
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.Y.); (A.J.S.); (P.R.S.); (X.M.B.-M.); (H.D.); (L.A.D.); (N.A.C.); (K.M.S.); (M.W.L.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Nicole A. Capps
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.Y.); (A.J.S.); (P.R.S.); (X.M.B.-M.); (H.D.); (L.A.D.); (N.A.C.); (K.M.S.); (M.W.L.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Kelli M. Sullivan
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.Y.); (A.J.S.); (P.R.S.); (X.M.B.-M.); (H.D.); (L.A.D.); (N.A.C.); (K.M.S.); (M.W.L.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Margaret W. Leigh
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.Y.); (A.J.S.); (P.R.S.); (X.M.B.-M.); (H.D.); (L.A.D.); (N.A.C.); (K.M.S.); (M.W.L.); (M.A.Z.)
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Maimoona A. Zariwala
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.Y.); (A.J.S.); (P.R.S.); (X.M.B.-M.); (H.D.); (L.A.D.); (N.A.C.); (K.M.S.); (M.W.L.); (M.A.Z.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael R. Knowles
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.Y.); (A.J.S.); (P.R.S.); (X.M.B.-M.); (H.D.); (L.A.D.); (N.A.C.); (K.M.S.); (M.W.L.); (M.A.Z.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: (L.E.O.); (M.R.K.)
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17
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Potential Application of Exosomes in Vaccine Development and Delivery. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2635-2671. [PMID: 35028802 PMCID: PMC8757927 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived components composed of proteins, lipid, genetic information, cytokines, and growth factors. They play a vital role in immune modulation, cell-cell communication, and response to inflammation. Immune modulation has downstream effects on the regeneration of damaged tissue, promoting survival and repair of damaged resident cells, and promoting the tumor microenvironment via growth factors, antigens, and signaling molecules. On top of carrying biological messengers like mRNAs, miRNAs, fragmented DNA, disease antigens, and proteins, exosomes modulate internal cell environments that promote downstream cell signaling pathways to facilitate different disease progression and induce anti-tumoral effects. In this review, we have summarized how vaccines modulate our immune response in the context of cancer and infectious diseases and the potential of exosomes as vaccine delivery vehicles. Both pre-clinical and clinical studies show that exosomes play a decisive role in processes like angiogenesis, prognosis, tumor growth metastasis, stromal cell activation, intercellular communication, maintaining cellular and systematic homeostasis, and antigen-specific T- and B cell responses. This critical review summarizes the advancement of exosome based vaccine development and delivery, and this comprehensive review can be used as a valuable reference for the broader delivery science community.
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18
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Li S, Fernandez JJ, Fabritius AS, Agard DA, Winey M. Electron cryo-tomography structure of axonemal doublet microtubule from Tetrahymena thermophila. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/3/e202101225. [PMID: 34969817 PMCID: PMC8742875 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublet microtubules (DMTs) provide a scaffold for axoneme assembly in motile cilia. Aside from α/β tubulins, the DMT comprises a large number of non-tubulin proteins in the luminal wall of DMTs, collectively named the microtubule inner proteins (MIPs). We used cryoET to study axoneme DMT isolated from Tetrahymena We present the structures of DMT at nanometer and sub-nanometer resolution. The structures confirm that MIP RIB72A/B binds to the luminal wall of DMT by multiple DM10 domains. We found FAP115, an MIP-containing multiple EF-hand domains, located at the interface of four-tubulin dimers in the lumen of A-tubule. It contacts both lateral and longitudinal tubulin interfaces and playing a critical role in DMT stability. We observed substantial structure heterogeneity in DMT in an FAP115 knockout strain, showing extensive structural defects beyond the FAP115-binding site. The defects propagate along the axoneme. Finally, by comparing DMT structures from Tetrahymena and Chlamydomonas, we have identified a number of conserved MIPs as well as MIPs that are unique to each organism. This conservation and diversity of the DMT structures might be linked to their specific functions. Our work provides structural insights essential for understanding the roles of MIPs during motile cilium assembly and function, as well as their relationships to human ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jose-Jesus Fernandez
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Amy S Fabritius
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David A Agard
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark Winey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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19
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Hao K, Chen Y, Yan X, Zhu X. Cilia locally synthesize proteins to sustain their ultrastructure and functions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6971. [PMID: 34848703 PMCID: PMC8632896 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based hair-like organelles propelling locomotion and extracellular liquid flow or sensing environmental stimuli. As cilia are diffusion barrier-gated subcellular compartments, their protein components are thought to come from the cell body through intraflagellar transport or diffusion. Here we show that cilia locally synthesize proteins to maintain their structure and functions. Multicilia of mouse ependymal cells are abundant in ribosomal proteins, translation initiation factors, and RNA, including 18 S rRNA and tubulin mRNA. The cilia actively generate nascent peptides, including those of tubulin. mRNA-binding protein Fmrp localizes in ciliary central lumen and appears to function in mRNA delivery into the cilia. Its depletion by RNAi impairs ciliary local translation and induces multicilia degeneration. Expression of exogenous Fmrp, but not an isoform tethered to mitochondria, rescues the degeneration defects. Therefore, local translation defects in cilia might contribute to the pathology of ciliopathies and other diseases such as Fragile X syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hao
- grid.507739.f0000 0001 0061 254XState Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- grid.507739.f0000 0001 0061 254XState Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Yan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China. .,School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310024, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Heterozygous Nme7 Mutation Affects Glucose Tolerance in Male Rats. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071087. [PMID: 34356103 PMCID: PMC8305224 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex metabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes and obesity result from the interaction of numerous genetic and environmental factors. While the family of Nme proteins has been connected so far mostly to development, proliferation, or ciliary functions, several lines of evidence from human and experimental studies point to the potential involvement of one of its members, NME7 (non-metastatic cells 7, nucleoside diphosphate kinase 7) in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. As a complete lack of Nme7 is semilethal in rats, we compared morphometric, metabolic, and transcriptomic profiles of standard diet-fed heterozygous Nme7+/− on male rats vs. their wild-type Nme7+/+ controls. Nme7+/− animals showed increased body weight, adiposity, higher insulin levels together with decreased glucose tolerance. Moreover, they displayed pancreatic islet fibrosis and kidney tubular damage. Despite no signs of overt liver steatosis or dyslipidemia, we found significant changes in the hepatic transcriptome of Nme7+/− male rats with a concerted increase of expression of lipogenic enzymes including Scd1, Fads1, Dhcr7 and a decrease of Cyp7b1 and Nme7. Network analyses suggested possible links between Nme7 and the activation of Srebf1 and Srebf2 upstream regulators. These results further support the implication of NME7 in the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance and adiposity.
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21
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Bazan R, Schröfel A, Joachimiak E, Poprzeczko M, Pigino G, Wloga D. Ccdc113/Ccdc96 complex, a novel regulator of ciliary beating that connects radial spoke 3 to dynein g and the nexin link. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009388. [PMID: 33661892 PMCID: PMC7987202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliary beating requires the coordinated activity of numerous axonemal complexes. The protein composition and role of radial spokes (RS), nexin links (N-DRC) and dyneins (ODAs and IDAs) is well established. However, how information is transmitted from the central apparatus to the RS and across other ciliary structures remains unclear. Here, we identify a complex comprising the evolutionarily conserved proteins Ccdc96 and Ccdc113, positioned parallel to N-DRC and forming a connection between RS3, dynein g, and N-DRC. Although Ccdc96 and Ccdc113 can be transported to cilia independently, their stable docking and function requires the presence of both proteins. Deletion of either CCDC113 or CCDC96 alters cilia beating frequency, amplitude and waveform. We propose that the Ccdc113/Ccdc96 complex transmits signals from RS3 and N-DRC to dynein g and thus regulates its activity and the ciliary beat pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Bazan
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Schröfel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ewa Joachimiak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Poprzeczko
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gaia Pigino
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (GP); (DW)
| | - Dorota Wloga
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (GP); (DW)
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22
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Wang R, Yang D, Guo T, Lei C, Chen X, Kang X, Qing J, Luo H. Case Report: Identification of a Novel ODAD3 Variant in a Patient With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Front Genet 2021; 12:652381. [PMID: 33719352 PMCID: PMC7953140 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: ODAD3 encodes a protein of 595 amino acids and contain three highly conserved coiled-coil domains, which is essential for cilia axoneme dynein arm assembly and docking. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) of ODAD3 deficiency are rarely reported. Female infertility in PCD related to ODAD3 variants has not been reported. Methods: Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing were used to identify the disease-related gene of the patient with PCD in a consanguineous Chinese family. Domain analysis was applied to predict the impact of the variant on ODAD3 protein. Results: The 35 year-old female patient exhibited chronic sinusitis, diffuse bronchiectasis, dextrocardia and infertility. We identified a novel homozygous variant in ODAD3, c.1166_1169dupAGAC, p.(Leu391Aspfs*105) in the PCD patient by exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. This frameshift variant was predicted to be disease causing by bioinformatics analysis and was also not presented in the current authorized large genetic databases. Conclusions: Our study enriches the genetic spectrum and clinical phenotypes of ODAD3 variants in PCD and provide more evidence for future genetic counseling and gene-targeted therapy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Danhui Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Lei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Qing
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
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23
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A novel ACE2 isoform is expressed in human respiratory epithelia and is upregulated in response to interferons and RNA respiratory virus infection. Nat Genet 2021; 53:205-214. [PMID: 33432184 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-00759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main entry point in airway epithelial cells for SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 binding to the SARS-CoV-2 protein spike triggers viral fusion with the cell plasma membrane, resulting in viral RNA genome delivery into the host. Despite ACE2's critical role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, full understanding of ACE2 expression, including in response to viral infection, remains unclear. ACE2 was thought to encode five transcripts and one protein of 805 amino acids. In the present study, we identify a novel short isoform of ACE2 expressed in the airway epithelium, the main site of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Short ACE2 is substantially upregulated in response to interferon stimulation and rhinovirus infection, but not SARS-CoV-2 infection. This short isoform lacks SARS-CoV-2 spike high-affinity binding sites and, altogether, our data are consistent with a model where short ACE2 is unlikely to directly contribute to host susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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24
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Khan N, Pelletier D, McAlear TS, Croteau N, Veyron S, Bayne AN, Black C, Ichikawa M, Khalifa AAZ, Chaaban S, Kurinov I, Brouhard G, Bechstedt S, Bui KH, Trempe JF. Crystal structure of human PACRG in complex with MEIG1 reveals roles in axoneme formation and tubulin binding. Structure 2021; 29:572-586.e6. [PMID: 33529594 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Parkin co-regulated gene protein (PACRG) binds at the inner junction between doublet microtubules of the axoneme, a structure found in flagella and cilia. PACRG binds to the adaptor protein meiosis expressed gene 1 (MEIG1), but how they bind to microtubules is unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of human PACRG in complex with MEIG1. PACRG adopts a helical repeat fold with a loop that interacts with MEIG1. Using the structure of the axonemal doublet microtubule from the protozoan Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, we propose that PACRG binds to microtubules while simultaneously recruiting free tubulin to catalyze formation of the inner junction. We show that the homologous PACRG-like protein also mediates dual tubulin interactions but does not bind MEIG1. Our findings establish a framework to assess the function of the PACRG family of proteins and MEIG1 in regulating axoneme assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimra Khan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale - FRQS, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dylan Pelletier
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale - FRQS, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas S McAlear
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale - FRQS, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Croteau
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale - FRQS, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Veyron
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale - FRQS, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew N Bayne
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale - FRQS, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Corbin Black
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale - FRQS, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Muneyoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ahmad Abdelzaher Zaki Khalifa
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale - FRQS, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sami Chaaban
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale - FRQS, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Igor Kurinov
- NECAT, Cornell University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Gary Brouhard
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale - FRQS, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Susanne Bechstedt
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale - FRQS, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Khanh Huy Bui
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale - FRQS, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Trempe
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale - FRQS, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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25
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Li Y, Wang WL, Tu CF, Meng LL, Hu TY, Du J, Lin G, Nie HC, Tan YQ. A novel homozygous frameshift mutation in MNS1 associated with severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia in humans. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:197-204. [PMID: 33037173 PMCID: PMC7991825 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_56_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) refers to the combination of various sperm abnormalities, including a decreased sperm count, reduced motility, and abnormal sperm morphology. Only a few genetic causes have been shown to be associated with OAT. Herein, we identified a novel homozygous frameshift mutation in meiosis-specific nuclear structural 1 (MNS1; NM_018365: c.603_604insG: p.Lys202Glufs*6) by whole-exome sequencing in an OAT proband from a consanguineous Chinese family. Subsequent variant screening identified four additional heterozygous MNS1 variants in 6/219 infertile individuals with oligoasthenospermia, but no MNS1 variants were observed among 223 fertile controls. Immunostaining analysis showed MNS1 to be normally located in the whole-sperm flagella, but was absent in the proband's sperm. Expression analysis by Western blot also confirmed that MNS1 was absent in the proband's sperm. Abnormal flagellum morphology and ultrastructural disturbances in outer doublet microtubules were observed in the proband's sperm. A total of three intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles were carried out for the proband's wife, but they all failed to lead to a successful pregnancy. Overall, this is the first study to report a loss-of-function mutation in MNS1 causing OAT in a Han Chinese patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Wei-Li Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Chao-Feng Tu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410078, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lan-Lan Meng
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410078, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Tong-Yao Hu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Juan Du
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410078, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410078, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hong-Chuan Nie
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410078, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yue-Qiu Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410078, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha 410078, China
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26
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Vien TN, Ng LCT, Smith JM, Dong K, Krappitz M, Gainullin VG, Fedeles S, Harris PC, Somlo S, DeCaen PG. Disrupting polycystin-2 EF hand Ca 2+ affinity does not alter channel function or contribute to polycystic kidney disease. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs255562. [PMID: 33199522 PMCID: PMC7774883 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15% of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by variants in PKD2PKD2 encodes polycystin-2, which forms an ion channel in primary cilia and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes of renal collecting duct cells. Elevated internal Ca2+ modulates polycystin-2 voltage-dependent gating and subsequent desensitization - two biophysical regulatory mechanisms that control its function at physiological membrane potentials. Here, we refute the hypothesis that Ca2+ occupancy of the polycystin-2 intracellular EF hand is responsible for these forms of channel regulation, and, if disrupted, results in ADPKD. We identify and introduce mutations that attenuate Ca2+-EF hand affinity but find channel function is unaltered in the primary cilia and ER membranes. We generated two new mouse strains that harbor distinct mutations that abolish Ca2+-EF hand association but do not result in a PKD phenotype. Our findings suggest that additional Ca2+-binding sites within polycystin-2 or Ca2+-dependent modifiers are responsible for regulating channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy N Vien
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Leo C T Ng
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jessica M Smith
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ke Dong
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Matteus Krappitz
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Sorin Fedeles
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stefan Somlo
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Paul G DeCaen
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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27
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CFAP45 deficiency causes situs abnormalities and asthenospermia by disrupting an axonemal adenine nucleotide homeostasis module. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5520. [PMID: 33139725 PMCID: PMC7606486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonemal dynein ATPases direct ciliary and flagellar beating via adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. The modulatory effect of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) on flagellar beating is not fully understood. Here, we describe a deficiency of cilia and flagella associated protein 45 (CFAP45) in humans and mice that presents a motile ciliopathy featuring situs inversus totalis and asthenospermia. CFAP45-deficient cilia and flagella show normal morphology and axonemal ultrastructure. Proteomic profiling links CFAP45 to an axonemal module including dynein ATPases and adenylate kinase as well as CFAP52, whose mutations cause a similar ciliopathy. CFAP45 binds AMP in vitro, consistent with structural modelling that identifies an AMP-binding interface between CFAP45 and AK8. Microtubule sliding of dyskinetic sperm from Cfap45−/− mice is rescued with the addition of either AMP or ADP with ATP, compared to ATP alone. We propose that CFAP45 supports mammalian ciliary and flagellar beating via an adenine nucleotide homeostasis module. The mechanism by which adenosine monophosphate modulates dynein ATPase-mediated ciliary and flagellar beating remains obscure. Here the authors identify an axonemal module including cilia and flagella associated protein 45 that supports adenine nucleotide homeostasis and underlies a human ciliopathy
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28
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Devi R, Pelletier L, Prosser SL. Charting the complex composite nature of centrosomes, primary cilia and centriolar satellites. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 66:32-40. [PMID: 33130249 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The centrosome and its associated structures of the primary cilium and centriolar satellites have been established as central players in a plethora of cellular processes ranging from cell division to cellular signaling. Consequently, defects in the structure or function of these organelles are linked to a diverse range of human diseases, including cancer, microcephaly, ciliopathies, and neurodegeneration. To understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning these diseases, the biology of centrosomes, cilia, and centriolar satellites has to be elucidated. Central to solving this conundrum is the identification, localization, and functional analysis of all the proteins that reside and interact with these organelles. In this review, we discuss the technological breakthroughs that are dissecting the molecular players of these enigmatic organelles with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksha Devi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Laurence Pelletier
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Suzanna L Prosser
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada.
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29
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Shamseldin HE, Al Mogarri I, Alqwaiee MM, Alharbi AS, Baqais K, AlSaadi M, AlAnzi T, Alhashem A, Saghier A, Ameen W, Ibrahim N, Yang J, Abdulwahab F, Hashem M, Chivukula RR, Alkuraya FS. An exome-first approach to aid in the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Hum Genet 2020; 139:1273-1283. [PMID: 32367404 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Unlike disorders of primary cilium, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) has a much narrower clinical spectrum consistent with the limited tissue distribution of motile cilia. Nonetheless, PCD diagnosis can be challenging due to the overlapping features with other disorders and the requirement for sophisticated tests that are only available in specialized centers. We performed exome sequencing on all patients with a clinical suspicion of PCD but for whom no nasal nitric oxide test or ciliary functional assessment could be ordered. Among 81 patients (56 families), in whom PCD was suspected, 68% had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in established PCD-related genes that fully explain the phenotype (20 variants in 11 genes). The major clinical presentations were sinopulmonary infections (SPI) (n = 58), neonatal respiratory distress (NRD) (n = 2), laterality defect (LD) (n = 6), and combined LD/SPI (n = 15). Biallelic likely deleterious variants were also encountered in AKNA and GOLGA3, which we propose as novel candidates in a lung phenotype that overlaps clinically with PCD. We also encountered a PCD phenocopy caused by a pathogenic variant in ITCH, and a pathogenic variant in CEP164 causing Bardet-Biedl syndrome and PCD presentation as a very rare example of the dual presentation of these two disorders of the primary and motile cilia. Exome sequencing is a powerful tool that can help "democratize" the diagnosis of PCD, which is currently limited to highly specialized centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan E Shamseldin
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Al Mogarri
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour M Alqwaiee
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel S Alharbi
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Baqais
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muslim AlSaadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal AlAnzi
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alhashem
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Saghier
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Ameen
- Department of Pediatrics, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niema Ibrahim
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jason Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Firdous Abdulwahab
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghu R Chivukula
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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30
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Chen J, Larson ED, Anderson CB, Agarwal P, Frank DN, Kinnamon SC, Ramakrishnan VR. Expression of Bitter Taste Receptors and Solitary Chemosensory Cell Markers in the Human Sinonasal Cavity. Chem Senses 2020; 44:483-495. [PMID: 31231752 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Some bitter taste receptors (TAS2R gene products) are expressed in the human sinonasal cavity and may function to detect airborne irritants. The expression of all 25 human bitter taste receptors and their location within the upper airway is not yet clear. The aim of this study is to characterize the presence and distribution of TAS2R transcripts and solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) in different locations of the human sinonasal cavity. Biopsies were obtained from human subjects at up to 4 different sinonasal anatomic sites. PCR, microarray, and qRT-PCR were used to examine gene transcript expression. The 25 human bitter taste receptors as well as the sweet/umami receptor subunit, TAS1R3, and canonical taste signaling effectors are expressed in sinonasal tissue. All 25 human bitter taste receptors are expressed in the human upper airway, and expression of these gene products was higher in the ethmoid sinus than nasal cavity locations. Fluorescent in situ hybridization demonstrates that epithelial TRPM5 and TAS2R38 are expressed in a rare cell population compared with multiciliated cells, and at times, consistent with SCC morphology. Secondary analysis of published human sinus single-cell RNAseq data did not uncover TAS2R or canonical taste transduction transcripts in multiciliated cells. These findings indicate that the sinus has higher expression of SCC markers than the nasal cavity in chronic rhinosinusitis patients, comprising a rare cell type. Biopsies obtained from the ethmoid sinus may serve as the best location for study of human upper airway taste receptors and SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguo Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric D Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Catherine B Anderson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Daniel N Frank
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sue C Kinnamon
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vijay R Ramakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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31
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Abstract
Motile cilia are highly complex hair-like organelles of epithelial cells lining the surface of various organ systems. Genetic mutations (usually with autosomal recessive inheritance) that impair ciliary beating cause a variety of motile ciliopathies, a heterogeneous group of rare disorders. The pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical symptoms and severity of the disease depend on the specific affected genes and the tissues in which they are expressed. Defects in the ependymal cilia can result in hydrocephalus, defects in the cilia in the fallopian tubes or in sperm flagella can cause female and male subfertility, respectively, and malfunctional motile monocilia of the left-right organizer during early embryonic development can lead to laterality defects such as situs inversus and heterotaxy. If mucociliary clearance in the respiratory epithelium is severely impaired, the disorder is referred to as primary ciliary dyskinesia, the most common motile ciliopathy. No single test can confirm a diagnosis of motile ciliopathy, which is based on a combination of tests including nasal nitric oxide measurement, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and genetic analyses, and high-speed video microscopy. With the exception of azithromycin, there is no evidence-based treatment for primary ciliary dyskinesia; therapies aim at relieving symptoms and reducing the effects of reduced ciliary motility.
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32
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Patir A, Fraser AM, Barnett MW, McTeir L, Rainger J, Davey MG, Freeman TC. The transcriptional signature associated with human motile cilia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10814. [PMID: 32616903 PMCID: PMC7331728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are complex microtubule-based organelles essential to a range of processes associated with embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Mutations in components of these organelles or those involved in their assembly may result in a diverse set of diseases collectively known as ciliopathies. Accordingly, many cilia-associated proteins have been described, while those distinguishing cilia subtypes are poorly defined. Here we set out to define genes associated with motile cilia in humans based on their transcriptional signature. To define the signature, we performed network deconvolution of transcriptomics data derived from tissues possessing motile ciliated cell populations. For each tissue, genes coexpressed with the motile cilia-associated transcriptional factor, FOXJ1, were identified. The consensus across tissues provided a transcriptional signature of 248 genes. To validate these, we examined the literature, databases (CilDB, CentrosomeDB, CiliaCarta and SysCilia), single cell RNA-Seq data, and the localisation of mRNA and proteins in motile ciliated cells. In the case of six poorly characterised signature genes, we performed new localisation experiments on ARMC3, EFCAB6, FAM183A, MYCBPAP, RIBC2 and VWA3A. In summary, we report a set of motile cilia-associated genes that helps shape our understanding of these complex cellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Patir
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Amy M Fraser
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mark W Barnett
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Lynn McTeir
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Joe Rainger
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Megan G Davey
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Tom C Freeman
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK.
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Arslanhan MD, Gulensoy D, Firat-Karalar EN. A Proximity Mapping Journey into the Biology of the Mammalian Centrosome/Cilium Complex. Cells 2020; 9:E1390. [PMID: 32503249 PMCID: PMC7348975 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian centrosome/cilium complex is composed of the centrosome, the primary cilium and the centriolar satellites, which together regulate cell polarity, signaling, proliferation and motility in cells and thereby development and homeostasis in organisms. Accordingly, deregulation of its structure and functions is implicated in various human diseases including cancer, developmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. To better understand these disease connections, the molecular underpinnings of the assembly, maintenance and dynamic adaptations of the centrosome/cilium complex need to be uncovered with exquisite detail. Application of proximity-based labeling methods to the centrosome/cilium complex generated spatial and temporal interaction maps for its components and provided key insights into these questions. In this review, we first describe the structure and cell cycle-linked regulation of the centrosome/cilium complex. Next, we explain the inherent biochemical and temporal limitations in probing the structure and function of the centrosome/cilium complex and describe how proximity-based labeling approaches have addressed them. Finally, we explore current insights into the knowledge we gained from the proximity mapping studies as it pertains to centrosome and cilium biogenesis and systematic characterization of the centrosome, cilium and centriolar satellite interactomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elif Nur Firat-Karalar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.D.A.); (D.G.)
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34
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Alves AA, Gabriel HB, Bezerra MJR, de Souza W, Vaughan S, Cunha-E-Silva NL, Sunter JD. Control of assembly of extra-axonemal structures: the paraflagellar rod of trypanosomes. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs242271. [PMID: 32295845 PMCID: PMC7272336 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic flagella are complex microtubule-based organelles that, in many organisms, contain extra-axonemal structures, such as the outer dense fibres of mammalian sperm and the paraflagellar rod (PFR) of trypanosomes. Flagellum assembly is a complex process occurring across three main compartments, the cytoplasm, the transition zone and the flagellum itself. The process begins with the translation of protein components followed by their sorting and trafficking into the flagellum, transport to the assembly site and incorporation. Flagella are formed from over 500 proteins and the principles governing assembly of the axonemal components are relatively clear. However, the coordination and location of assembly of extra-axonemal structures are less clear. We have discovered two cytoplasmic proteins in Trypanosoma brucei that are required for PFR formation, PFR assembly factors 1 and 2 (PFR-AF1 and PFR-AF2, respectively). Deletion of either PFR-AF1 or PFR-AF2 dramatically disrupted PFR formation and caused a reduction in the amount of major PFR proteins. The existence of cytoplasmic factors required for PFR formation aligns with the concept that processes facilitating axoneme assembly occur across multiple compartments, and this is likely a common theme for extra-axonemal structure assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline A Alves
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Heloisa B Gabriel
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Maria J R Bezerra
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Sue Vaughan
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Narcisa L Cunha-E-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Jack D Sunter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
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Yin W, Livraghi-Butrico A, Sears PR, Rogers TD, Burns KA, Grubb BR, Ostrowski LE. Mice with a Deletion of Rsph1 Exhibit a Low Level of Mucociliary Clearance and Develop a Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Phenotype. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:312-321. [PMID: 30896965 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0387oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous disease caused by mutations in over 40 different genes. Individuals with PCD caused by mutations in RSPH1 (radial spoke head 1 homolog) have been reported to have a milder phenotype than other individuals with PCD, as evidenced by a lower incidence of neonatal respiratory distress, higher nasal nitric oxide concentrations, and better lung function. To better understand genotype-phenotype relationships in PCD, we have characterized a mutant mouse model with a deletion of Rsph1. Approximately 50% of cilia from Rsph1-/- cells appeared normal by transmission EM, whereas the remaining cilia revealed a range of defects, primarily transpositions or a missing central pair. Ciliary beat frequency in Rsph1-/- cells was significantly lower than in control cells (20.2 ± 0.8 vs. 25.0 ± 0.9 Hz), and the cilia exhibited an aberrant rotational waveform. Young Rsph1-/- animals demonstrated a low rate of mucociliary clearance in the nasopharynx that was reduced to zero by about 1 month of age. Rsph1-/- animals accumulated mucus in the nasal cavity but had a lower bacterial burden than animals with a deletion of dynein axonemal intermediate chain 1 (Dnaic1-/-). Thus, Rsph1-/- mice display a PCD phenotype similar to but less severe than that observed in Dnaic1-/- mice, similar to what has been observed in humans. The results suggest that some individuals with PCD may not have a complete loss of mucociliary clearance and further suggest that early diagnosis and intervention may be important to maintain this low amount of clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weining Yin
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Patrick R Sears
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Troy D Rogers
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kimberlie A Burns
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Barbara R Grubb
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lawrence E Ostrowski
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Unveiling the genetic etiology of primary ciliary dyskinesia: When standard genetic approach is not enough. Adv Med Sci 2020; 65:1-11. [PMID: 31835165 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a ciliopathy caused by dysfunction of motile cilia. As there is still no standard PCD diagnostics, the final diagnosis requires a combination of several tests. The genetic screening is a hallmark for the final diagnosis and requires high-throughput techniques, such as whole-exome sequencing (WES). Nevertheless, WES has limitations that may prevent a definitive genetic diagnosis. Here we present a case that demonstrates how the PCD genetic diagnosis may not be trivial. MATERIALS/METHODS A child with PCD and situs inversus totalis (designated as Kartagener syndrome (KS)) was subjected to clinical assessments, ultrastructural analysis of motile cilia, extensive genetic evaluation by WES and chromosomal array analysis, bioinformatic analysis, gene expression analysis and immunofluorescence to identify the genetic etiology. His parents and sister, as well as healthy controls were also evaluated. RESULTS Here we show that a disease-causing variant in the USP11 gene and copy number variations in CRHR1 and KRT34 genes may be involved in the patient PCD phenotype. None of these genes were previously reported in PCD patients and here we firstly show its presence and immunolocalization in respiratory cells. CONCLUSIONS This work highlights how the genetic diagnosis can turn to be rather complex and that combining several approaches may be needed. Overall, our results contribute to increase the understanding of the genetic factors involved in the pathophysiology of PCD/KS, which is of paramount importance to assist the current diagnosis and future development of newer therapies.
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37
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Hagen KD, McInally SG, Hilton ND, Dawson SC. Microtubule organelles in Giardia. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2020; 107:25-96. [PMID: 32122531 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Giardia lamblia is a widespread parasitic protist with a complex MT cytoskeleton that is critical for motility, attachment, mitosis and cell division, and transitions between its two life cycle stages-the infectious cyst and flagellated trophozoite. Giardia trophozoites have both highly dynamic and highly stable MT organelles, including the ventral disc, eight flagella, the median body and the funis. The ventral disc, an elaborate MT organelle, is essential for the parasite's attachment to the intestinal villi to avoid peristalsis. Giardia's four flagellar pairs enable swimming motility and may also promote attachment. They are maintained at different equilibrium lengths and are distinguished by their long cytoplasmic regions and novel extra-axonemal structures. The functions of the median body and funis, MT organelles unique to Giardia, remain less understood. In addition to conserved MT-associated proteins, the genome is enriched in ankyrins, NEKs, and novel hypothetical proteins that also associate with the MT cytoskeleton. High-resolution ultrastructural imaging and a current inventory of more than 300 proteins associated with Giardia's MT cytoskeleton lay the groundwork for future mechanistic analyses of parasite attachment to the host, motility, cell division, and encystation/excystation. Giardia's unique MT organelles exemplify the capacity of MT polymers to generate intricate structures that are diverse in both form and function. Thus, beyond its relevance to pathogenesis, the study of Giardia's MT cytoskeleton informs basic cytoskeletal biology and cellular evolution. With the availability of new molecular genetic tools to disrupt gene function, we anticipate a new era of cytoskeletal discovery in Giardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari D Hagen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UC Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Shane G McInally
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UC Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas D Hilton
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UC Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Scott C Dawson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UC Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
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38
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Chivukula RR, Montoro DT, Leung HM, Yang J, Shamseldin HE, Taylor MS, Dougherty GW, Zariwala MA, Carson J, Daniels MLA, Sears PR, Black KE, Hariri LP, Almogarri I, Frenkel EM, Vinarsky V, Omran H, Knowles MR, Tearney GJ, Alkuraya FS, Sabatini DM. A human ciliopathy reveals essential functions for NEK10 in airway mucociliary clearance. Nat Med 2020; 26:244-251. [PMID: 31959991 PMCID: PMC7018620 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghu R Chivukula
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Daniel T Montoro
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hui Min Leung
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Yang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hanan E Shamseldin
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerard W Dougherty
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maimoona A Zariwala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Johnny Carson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Leigh Anne Daniels
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick R Sears
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katharine E Black
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lida P Hariri
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ibrahim Almogarri
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evgeni M Frenkel
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir Vinarsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael R Knowles
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - David M Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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39
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Characterization of Nme5-Like Gene/Protein from the Red Alga Chondrus Crispus. Mar Drugs 2019; 18:md18010013. [PMID: 31877804 PMCID: PMC7024210 DOI: 10.3390/md18010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nme gene/protein family of nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK) was originally named after its member Nm23-H1/Nme1, the first identified metastasis suppressor. Human Nme proteins are divided in two groups. They all possess nucleoside diphosphate kinase domain (NDK). Group I (Nme1-Nme4) display a single type NDK domain, whereas Group II (Nme5-Nme9) display a single or several different NDK domains, associated or not associated with extra-domains. Data strongly suggest that, unlike Group I, none of the members of Group II display measurable NDPK activity, although some of them autophosphorylate. The multimeric form is required for the NDPK activity. Group I proteins are known to multimerize, while there are no data on the multimerization of Group II proteins. The Group II ancestral type protein was shown to be conserved in several species from three eukaryotic supergroups. Here, we analysed the Nme protein from an early branching eukaryotic lineage, the red alga Chondrus crispus. We show that the ancestral type protein, unlike its human homologue, was fully functional multimeric NDPK with high affinity to various types of DNA and dispersed localization throughout the eukaryotic cell. Its overexpression inhibits both cell proliferation and the anchorage-independent growth of cells in soft agar but fails to deregulate cell apoptosis. We conclude that the ancestral gene has changed during eukaryotic evolution, possibly in correlation with the protein function.
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40
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Sim HJ, Yun S, Kim HE, Kwon KY, Kim GH, Yun S, Kim BG, Myung K, Park TJ, Kwon T. Simple Method To Characterize the Ciliary Proteome of Multiciliated Cells. J Proteome Res 2019; 19:391-400. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Drug & Disease Target Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KSBI), Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, Republic of Korea
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center, Division of Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Yun
- Drug & Disease Target Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KSBI), Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Gyu Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Park
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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41
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MNS1 variant associated with situs inversus and male infertility. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 28:50-55. [PMID: 31534215 PMCID: PMC6906318 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathy disorders due to abnormalities of motile cilia encompass a range of autosomal recessive conditions typified by chronic otosinopulmonary disease, infertility, situs abnormalities and hydrocephalus. Using a combination of genome-wide SNP mapping and whole exome sequencing (WES), we investigated the genetic cause of a form of situs inversus (SI) and male infertility present in multiple individuals in an extended Amish family, assuming that an autosomal recessive founder variant was responsible. This identified a single shared (2.34 Mb) region of autozygosity on chromosome 15q21.3 as the likely disease locus, in which we identified a single candidate biallelic frameshift variant in MNS1 [NM_018365.2: c.407_410del; p.(Glu136Glyfs*16)]. Genotyping of multiple family members identified randomisation of the laterality defects in other homozygous individuals, with all wild type or MNS1 c.407_410del heterozygous carriers being unaffected, consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. This study identifies an MNS1 variant as a cause of laterality defects and male infertility in humans, mirroring findings in Mns1-deficient mice which also display male infertility and randomisation of left–right asymmetry of internal organs, confirming a crucial role for MNS1 in nodal cilia and sperm flagella formation and function.
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42
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Recent Developments in mRNA-Based Protein Supplementation Therapy to Target Lung Diseases. Mol Ther 2019; 27:803-823. [PMID: 30905577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein supplementation therapy using in vitro-transcribed (IVT) mRNA for genetic diseases contains huge potential as a new class of therapy. From the early ages of synthetic mRNA discovery, a great number of studies showed the versatile use of IVT mRNA as a novel approach to supplement faulty or absent protein and also as a vaccine. Many modifications have been made to produce high expressions of mRNA causing less immunogenicity and more stability. Recent advancements in the in vivo lung delivery of mRNA complexed with various carriers encouraged the whole mRNA community to tackle various genetic lung diseases. This review gives a comprehensive overview of cells associated with various lung diseases and recent advancements in mRNA-based protein replacement therapy. This review also covers a brief summary of developments in mRNA modifications and nanocarriers toward clinical translation.
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43
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Price ME, Sisson JH. Redox regulation of motile cilia in airway disease. Redox Biol 2019; 27:101146. [PMID: 30833143 PMCID: PMC6859573 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia on airway cells are necessary for clearance of mucus-trapped particles out of the lung. Ciliated airway epithelial cells are uniquely exposed to oxidants through trapping of particles, debris and pathogens in mucus and the direct exposure to inhaled oxidant gases. Dynein ATPases, the motors driving ciliary motility, are sensitive to the local redox environment within each cilium. Several redox-sensitive cilia-localized proteins modulate dynein activity and include Protein Kinase A, Protein Kinase C, and Protein Phosphatase 1. Moreover, cilia are rich in known redox regulatory proteins and thioredoxin domain-containing proteins that are critical in maintaining a balanced redox environment. Importantly, a nonsense mutation in TXNDC3, which contains a thioredoxin motif, has recently been identified as disease-causing in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, a hereditary motile cilia disease resulting in impaired mucociliary clearance. Here we review current understanding of the role(s) oxidant species play in modifying airway ciliary function. We focus on oxidants generated in the airways, cilia redox targets that modulate ciliary beating and imbalances in redox state that impact health and disease. Finally, we review disease models such as smoking, asthma, alcohol drinking, and infections as well as the direct application of oxidants that implicate redox balance as a modulator of cilia motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Price
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Joseph H Sisson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
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44
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Kashihara H, Chiba S, Kanno SI, Suzuki K, Yano T, Tsukita S. Cep128 associates with Odf2 to form the subdistal appendage of the centriole. Genes Cells 2019; 24:231-243. [PMID: 30623524 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mother centriole in a cell has two appendages, the distal appendage (DA) and subdistal appendage (SDA), which have roles in generating cilia and organizing the cellular microtubular network, respectively. In the knockout (KO) cells of Odf2, the component of the DA and SDA, both appendages simultaneously disappear. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the DA and SDA form independently but close to each other downstream of Odf2 are unknown. Here, using super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM), we found that the signal for GFP-tagged Odf2 overlapped considerably with that of immunofluorescently labeled Cep128. We further found that Cep128 knockdown (KD) caused the dissociation of other SDA components from the centriole, including centriolin, Ndel1, ninein and Cep170, whereas Odf2 was still associated with the centriole. In contrast, the DA components remained associated with the centriole in Cep128 KD cells. Consistent with this observation, we identified Cep128 as an Odf2-interacting protein by immunoprecipitation. Taken with the finding that Cep128 deletion decreased the stability of centriolar microtubules, our results indicate that Cep128 associates with Odf2 in the hierarchical assembly of SDA components to elicit the microtubule-organizing function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuhei Chiba
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kanno
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yano
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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45
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Cilia Distal Domain: Diversity in Evolutionarily Conserved Structures. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020160. [PMID: 30769894 PMCID: PMC6406257 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cilia are microtubule-based organelles that protrude from the cell surface to fulfill sensory and motility functions. Their basic structure consists of an axoneme templated by a centriole/basal body. Striking differences in ciliary ultra-structures can be found at the ciliary base, the axoneme and the tip, not only throughout the eukaryotic tree of life, but within a single organism. Defects in cilia biogenesis and function are at the origin of human ciliopathies. This structural/functional diversity and its relationship with the etiology of these diseases is poorly understood. Some of the important events in cilia function occur at their distal domain, including cilia assembly/disassembly, IFT (intraflagellar transport) complexes' remodeling, and signal detection/transduction. How axonemal microtubules end at this domain varies with distinct cilia types, originating different tip architectures. Additionally, they show a high degree of dynamic behavior and are able to respond to different stimuli. The existence of microtubule-capping structures (caps) in certain types of cilia contributes to this diversity. It has been proposed that caps play a role in axoneme length control and stabilization, but their roles are still poorly understood. Here, we review the current knowledge on cilia structure diversity with a focus on the cilia distal domain and caps and discuss how they affect cilia structure and function.
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46
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Ryan R, Failler M, Reilly ML, Garfa-Traore M, Delous M, Filhol E, Reboul T, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschké P, Baudouin V, Amselem S, Escudier E, Legendre M, Benmerah A, Saunier S. Functional characterization of tektin-1 in motile cilia and evidence for TEKT1 as a new candidate gene for motile ciliopathies. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:266-282. [PMID: 29121203 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A child presenting with Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS), characterized by renal, retinal and skeletal involvements, was also diagnosed with lung infections and airway ciliary dyskinesia. These manifestations suggested dysfunction of both primary and motile cilia, respectively. Targeted exome sequencing identified biallelic mutations in WDR19, encoding an IFT-A subunit previously associated with MZSDS-related chondrodysplasia, Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia and cranioectodermal dysplasia, linked to primary cilia dysfunction, and in TEKT1 which encodes tektin-1 an uncharacterized member of the tektin family, mutations of which may cause ciliary dyskinesia. Tektin-1 localizes at the centrosome in cycling cells, at basal bodies of both primary and motile cilia and to the axoneme of motile cilia in airway cells. The identified mutations impaired these localizations. In addition, airway cells from the affected individual showed severe motility defects without major ultrastructural changes. Knockdown of tekt1 in zebrafish resulted in phenotypes consistent with a function for tektin-1 in ciliary motility, which was confirmed by live imaging. Finally, experiments in the zebrafish also revealed a synergistic effect of tekt1 and wdr19. Altogether, our data show genetic interactions between WDR19 and TEKT1 likely contributing to the overall clinical phenotype observed in the affected individual and provide strong evidence for TEKT1 as a new candidate gene for primary ciliary dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ryan
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marion Failler
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Madeline Louise Reilly
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Meriem Garfa-Traore
- Cell Imaging Platform, INSERM US24 Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Marion Delous
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Emilie Filhol
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Thérèse Reboul
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France.,Bioinformatics Core Facility, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschké
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-1163, Genomic Core Facility, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Serge Amselem
- UMR-S 933, INSERM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Escudier
- UMR-S 933, INSERM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Marie Legendre
- UMR-S 933, INSERM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Saunier
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
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Šedová L, Školníková E, Hodúlová M, Včelák J, Šeda O, Bendlová B. Expression profiling of Nme7 interactome in experimental models of metabolic syndrome. Physiol Res 2018; 67:S543-S550. [PMID: 30484681 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 7, non-metastatic cells 7 (NME7) is an acknowledged member of ciliome and is involved in the biogenesis or function of cilia. As obesity and diabetes are common in several ciliopathies, we aimed to analyze changes of gene expression within Nme7 interactome in genetically designed rat models of metabolic syndrome. We assessed the liver transcriptome by Affymetrix microarrays in adult males of 14 PXO recombinant inbred rat strains and their two progenitor strains, SHR-Lx and BXH2. In the strains with the lowest expression of Nme7, we have identified significant enrichment of transcripts belonging to Nme7 interactome. In the subsequent network analysis, we have identified three major upstream regulators - Hnf4a, Ppara and Nr1h4 and liver steatosis (p=0.0001) and liver necrosis/cell death (apoptosis of liver cells, p=0.0003) among the most enriched Tox categories. The mechanistic network reaching the top score showed substantial overlap with Assembly of non-motile cilium and Glucose metabolism disorder gene lists. In summary, we show in a genetic model of metabolic syndrome that rat strains with the lowest expression of Nme7 present gene expression shifts of Nme7 interactome that are perturbing networks relevant for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Šedová
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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Hossain D, Tsang WY. The role of ubiquitination in the regulation of primary cilia assembly and disassembly. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 93:145-152. [PMID: 30213760 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a cellular antenna found on the surface of many eukaryotic cells, whose main role is to sense and transduce signals that regulate growth, development, and differentiation. Although once believed to be a vestigial organelle without important function, it has become clear that defects in primary cilium are responsible for a wide variety of genetic diseases affecting many organs and tissues, including the brain, eyes, heart, kidneys, liver, and pancreas. The primary cilium is mainly present in quiescent and differentiated cells, and controls must exist to ensure that this organelle is assembled or disassembled at the right time. Although many protein components required for building the cilium have been identified, mechanistic details of how these proteins are spatially and temporally regulated and how these regulations are connected to external cues are beginning to emerge. This review article highlights the role of ubiquitination and in particular, E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases, in the control of primary cilia assembly and disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delowar Hossain
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1R7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - William Y Tsang
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1R7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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49
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Mapping Cellular Polarity Networks Using Mass Spectrometry-based Strategies. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3545-3564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Ta-Shma A, Hjeij R, Perles Z, Dougherty GW, Abu Zahira I, Letteboer SJF, Antony D, Darwish A, Mans DA, Spittler S, Edelbusch C, Cindrić S, Nöthe-Menchen T, Olbrich H, Stuhlmann F, Aprea I, Pennekamp P, Loges NT, Breuer O, Shaag A, Rein AJJT, Gulec EY, Gezdirici A, Abitbul R, Elias N, Amirav I, Schmidts M, Roepman R, Elpeleg O, Omran H. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in MNS1 cause laterality defects and likely male infertility. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007602. [PMID: 30148830 PMCID: PMC6128653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical spectrum of ciliopathies affecting motile cilia spans impaired mucociliary clearance in the respiratory system, laterality defects including heart malformations, infertility and hydrocephalus. Using linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing, we identified two recessive loss-of-function MNS1 mutations in five individuals from four consanguineous families: 1) a homozygous nonsense mutation p.Arg242* in four males with laterality defects and infertility and 2) a homozygous nonsense mutation p.Gln203* in one female with laterality defects and recurrent respiratory infections additionally carrying homozygous mutations in DNAH5. Consistent with the laterality defects observed in these individuals, we found Mns1 to be expressed in mouse embryonic ventral node. Immunofluorescence analysis further revealed that MNS1 localizes to the axonemes of respiratory cilia as well as sperm flagella in human. In-depth ultrastructural analyses confirmed a subtle outer dynein arm (ODA) defect in the axonemes of respiratory epithelial cells resembling findings reported in Mns1-deficient mice. Ultrastructural analyses in the female carrying combined mutations in MNS1 and DNAH5 indicated a role for MNS1 in the process of ODA docking (ODA-DC) in the distal respiratory axonemes. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two hybrid analyses demonstrated that MNS1 dimerizes and interacts with the ODA docking complex component CCDC114. Overall, we demonstrate that MNS1 deficiency in humans causes laterality defects (situs inversus) and likely male infertility and that MNS1 plays a role in the ODA-DC assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Ta-Shma
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rim Hjeij
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Zeev Perles
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gerard W. Dougherty
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Abu Zahira
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stef J. F. Letteboer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dinu Antony
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Pediatric Genetics Division, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alaa Darwish
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dorus A. Mans
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Spittler
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christine Edelbusch
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sandra Cindrić
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tabea Nöthe-Menchen
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Heike Olbrich
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Friederike Stuhlmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Isabella Aprea
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Petra Pennekamp
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Niki T. Loges
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Oded Breuer
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avraham Shaag
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Azaria J. J. T. Rein
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elif Yilmaz Gulec
- University of Health Sciences, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman, Training and Research Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Gezdirici
- University of Health Sciences, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman, Training and Research Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Revital Abitbul
- Pediatric Department, Ziv Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Nael Elias
- Saint Vincent Hospital, Nazareth, Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Israel Amirav
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Pediatric Genetics Division, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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