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Guo J, Ding H, Lv Z, Jiao J, Wang H, Ji Y. Down-regulation effects of IFN-α on p11, 5-htr1b and 5-HTR4 protein levels were affected by NH4CL or MG132 treatment in SH-sy5y cells. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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2
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Aliyu IA, Ling KH, Md Hashim N, Chee HY. Annexin A2 extracellular translocation and virus interaction: A potential target for antivirus-drug discovery. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2038. [PMID: 30746844 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A2 is a membrane scaffolding and binding protein, which mediated various cellular events. Its functions are generally affected by cellular localization. In the cytoplasm, they interacted with different phospholipid membranes in Ca2+ -dependent manner and play vital roles including actin binding, remodeling and dynamics, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and lipid-raft microdomain formation. However, upon cell exposure to certain stimuli, annexin A2 translocates to the external leaflets of the plasma membrane where annexin A2 was recently reported to serve as a virus receptor, play an important role in the formation of virus replication complex, or implicated in virus assembly and budding. Here, we review some of annexin A2 roles in virus infections and the potentiality of targeting annexin A2 in the design of novel and promising antivirus agent that may have a broader consequence in virus therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isah Abubakar Aliyu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Science, College of Health Science, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Nurfariesha Md Hashim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Yee Chee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
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Protein phosphorylation and its role in the regulation of Annexin A2 function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2515-2529. [PMID: 28867585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a multifunctional protein involved in endocytosis, exocytosis, membrane domain organisation, actin remodelling, signal transduction, protein assembly, transcription and mRNA transport, as well as DNA replication and repair. SCOPE OF REVIEW The current knowledge of the role of phosphorylation in the functional regulation of AnxA2 is reviewed. To provide a more comprehensive treatment of this topic, we also address in depth the phosphorylation process in general and discuss its possible conformational effects. Furthermore, we discuss the apparent limitations of the methods used to investigate phosphoproteins, as exemplified by the study of AnxA2. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS AnxA2 is subjected to complex regulation by post-translational modifications affecting its cellular functions, with Ser11, Ser25 and Tyr23 representing important phosphorylation sites. Thus, Ser phosphorylation of AnxA2 is involved in the recruitment and docking of secretory granules, the regulation of its association with S100A10, and sequestration of perinuclear, translationally inactive mRNP complexes. By contrast, Tyr phosphorylation of AnxA2 regulates its role in actin dynamics and increases its association with endosomal compartments. Modification of its three main phosphorylation sites is not sufficient to discriminate between its numerous functions. Thus, fine-tuning of AnxA2 function is mediated by the joint action of several post-translational modifications. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE AnxA2 participates in malignant cell transformation, and its overexpression and/or phosphorylation is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. Thus, tight regulation of AnxA2 function is an integral aspect of cellular homeostasis. The presence of AnxA2 in cancer cell-derived exosomes, as well as the potential regulation of exosomal AnxA2 by phosphorylation or other PTMs, are topics of great interest.
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4
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Delevoye C, Heiligenstein X, Ripoll L, Gilles-Marsens F, Dennis MK, Linares RA, Derman L, Gokhale A, Morel E, Faundez V, Marks MS, Raposo G. BLOC-1 Brings Together the Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeletons to Generate Recycling Endosomes. Curr Biol 2015; 26:1-13. [PMID: 26725201 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recycling endosomes consist of a tubular network that emerges from vacuolar sorting endosomes and diverts cargoes toward the cell surface, the Golgi, or lysosome-related organelles. How recycling tubules are formed remains unknown. We show that recycling endosome biogenesis requires the protein complex BLOC-1. Mutations in BLOC-1 subunits underlie an inherited disorder characterized by albinism, the Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, and are associated with schizophrenia risk. We show here that BLOC-1 coordinates the kinesin KIF13A-dependent pulling of endosomal tubules along microtubules to the Annexin A2/actin-dependent stabilization and detachment of recycling tubules. These components cooperate to extend, stabilize and form tubular endosomal carriers that function in cargo recycling and in the biogenesis of pigment granules in melanocytic cells. By shaping recycling endosomal tubules, our data reveal that dysfunction of the BLOC-1-KIF13A-Annexin A2 molecular network underlies the pathophysiology of neurological and pigmentary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Xavier Heiligenstein
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Léa Ripoll
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Floriane Gilles-Marsens
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Megan K Dennis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ricardo A Linares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura Derman
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology and the Center for Social Translational Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Etienne Morel
- INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM) Université, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology and the Center for Social Translational Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 75005 Paris, France
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5
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Yang Z, Shi Z, Guo H, Qu H, Zhang Y, Tu C. Annexin 2 is a host protein binding to classical swine fever virus E2 glycoprotein and promoting viral growth in PK-15 cells. Virus Res 2015; 201:16-23. [PMID: 25701745 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycoprotein E2 of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a key determinant and major immunogen for viral entry and immunity, but little is known about its interaction with host proteins. In a previous study, we showed by proteomic analysis that cellular membrane protein annexin 2 (Anx2) was up-regulated in PK-15 cells following CSFV infection, but its function in CSFV replication remains unknown. In the present study we observed the interaction of Anx2 with CSFV E2 following infection of PK-15 cells by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), mass spectrometry, Western blot and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The interaction between CSFV E2 and Anx2 was further confirmed in an E2-expressing PK-15 cell line, in which up-regulation of Anx2 was also observed, indicating that E2 alone can interact with, and increase, the expression of Anx2 protein. Further studies showed that siRNA-mediated knock-down and plasmid-mediated over-expression of Anx2 in PK-15 cells inhibited and increased CSFV replication and proliferation respectively. Remarkably, treatment of PK-15 cells with Anx2-specific polyclonal antibody prior to virus infection significantly inhibited CSFV multiplication, indicating that Anx2 is a cellular membrane protein likely associated with CSFV entry into cells. In conclusion, Anx2 is the novel host protein identified to interact with CSFV E2 and promote CSFV multiplication. These observations provide support for the potential use of Anx2 as a cellular target for the development of novel anti-CSFV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Veterinary College of Jilin University, Xi An Road 5333, Changchun 130062, China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Liuying West Road 666, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Zixue Shi
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Liuying West Road 666, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Huancheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Liuying West Road 666, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Liuying West Road 666, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Liuying West Road 666, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Changchun Tu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Liuying West Road 666, Changchun 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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6
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Annexin A2 and S100A10 regulate human papillomavirus type 16 entry and intracellular trafficking in human keratinocytes. J Virol 2013; 87:7502-15. [PMID: 23637395 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00519-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause benign and malignant tumors of the mucosal and cutaneous epithelium. The initial events regulating HPV infection impact the establishment of viral persistence, which is requisite for malignant progression of HPV-infected lesions. However, the precise mechanisms involved in HPV entry into host cells, including the cellular factors regulating virus uptake, are not clearly defined. We show that HPV16 exposure to human keratinocytes initiates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-dependent Src protein kinase activation that results in phosphorylation and extracellular translocation of annexin A2 (AnxA2). HPV16 particles interact with AnxA2 in association with S100A10 as a heterotetramer at the cell surface in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, and the interaction appears to involve heparan-sulfonated proteoglycans. We show multiple lines of evidence that this interaction promotes virus uptake into host cells. An antibody to AnxA2 prevents HPV16 internalization, whereas an antibody to S100A10 blocks infection at a late endosomal/lysosomal site. These results suggest that AnxA2 and S100A10 have separate roles during HPV16 binding, entry, and trafficking. Our data additionally imply that AnxA2 and S100A10 may be involved in regulating the intracellular trafficking of virus particles prior to nuclear delivery of the viral genome.
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7
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Wu Y, Peng C, Xu L, Zheng X, Liao M, Yan Y, Jin Y, Zhou J. Proteome dynamics in primary target organ of infectious bursal disease virus. Proteomics 2012; 12:1844-59. [PMID: 22623289 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Viruses induce dramatic changes in target tissue during pathogenesis, including host cellular responses that either limit or support the pathogen. The infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) targets primarily the bursa of Fabricius (BF) of chickens, causing severe immunodeficiency. Here, we characterized the cellular proteome changes of the BF caused by IBDV replication in vivo using 2DE followed MALDI-TOF MS identification. Comparative analysis of multiple 2DE gels revealed that the majority of protein expression changes appeared between 24 and 96 h after IBDV infection. MS identified 54 altered cell proteins, 12 of which were notably upregulated by IBDV infection. Meanwhile, the other 42 cellular proteins were considerably suppressed by IBDV infection and are involved in protein degradation, energy metabolism, stress response, host macromolecular biosynthesis, and transport process. The upregulation of β-actin and downregulation of dynamin during IBDV infection were also confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. These altered protein expressions provide a response profile of chicken BF to virulent IBDV infection. Further functional study on these altered proteins may lead to better understanding of pathogenic mechanisms of virulent IBDV infection and to new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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8
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Domon M, Nasir MN, Matar G, Pikula S, Besson F, Bandorowicz-Pikula J. Annexins as organizers of cholesterol- and sphingomyelin-enriched membrane microdomains in Niemann-Pick type C disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1773-85. [PMID: 22159585 PMCID: PMC11114673 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin are sites for numerous cellular processes, including signaling, vesicular transport, interaction with pathogens, and viral infection, etc. Recently some members of the annexin family of conserved calcium and membrane-binding proteins have been recognized as cholesterol-interacting molecules and suggested to play a role in the formation, stabilization, and dynamics of membrane microdomains to affect membrane lateral organization and to attract other proteins and signaling molecules onto their territory. Furthermore, annexins were implicated in the interactions between cytosolic and membrane molecules, in the turnover and storage of cholesterol and in various signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of interaction of annexins with lipid microdomains and the role of annexins in membrane microdomains dynamics including possible participation of the domain-associated forms of annexins in the etiology of human lysosomal storage disease called Niemann-Pick type C disease, related to the abnormal storage of cholesterol in the lysosome-like intracellular compartment. The involvement of annexins and cholesterol/sphingomyelin-enriched membrane microdomains in other pathologies including cardiac dysfunctions, neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cancer is likely, but is not supported by substantial experimental observations, and therefore awaits further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Domon
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Valapala M, Vishwanatha JK. Lipid raft endocytosis and exosomal transport facilitate extracellular trafficking of annexin A2. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:30911-30925. [PMID: 21737841 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.271155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 (AnxA2), a Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid-binding protein, is known to associate with the plasma membrane and the endosomal system. Within the plasma membrane, AnxA2 associates in a Ca(2+) dependent manner with cholesterol-rich lipid raft microdomains. Here, we show that the association of AnxA2 with the lipid rafts is influenced not only by intracellular levels of Ca(2+) but also by N-terminal phosphorylation at tyrosine 23. Binding of AnxA2 to the lipid rafts is followed by the transport along the endocytic pathway to be associated with the intralumenal vesicles of the multivesicular endosomes. AnxA2-containing multivesicular endosomes fuse directly with the plasma membrane resulting in the release of the intralumenal vesicles into the extracellular environment, which facilitates the exogenous transfer of AnxA2 from one cell to another. Treatment with Ca(2+) ionophore triggers the association of AnxA2 with the specialized microdomains in the exosomal membrane that possess raft-like characteristics. Phosphorylation at Tyr-23 is also important for the localization of AnxA2 to the exosomal membranes. These results suggest that AnxA2 is trafficked from the plasma membrane rafts and is selectively incorporated into the lumenal membranes of the endosomes to escape the endosomal degradation pathway. The Ca(2+)-dependent exosomal transport constitutes a novel pathway of extracellular transport of AnxA2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamboor K Vishwanatha
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Fort Worth, Texas 76107; Molecular Biology and Immunology, Fort Worth, Texas 76107; Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107.
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10
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Wang YX, Lv H, Li ZX, Li C, Wu XY. Effect of shRNA mediated down-regulation of Annexin A2 on biological behavior of human lung adencarcinoma cells A549. Pathol Oncol Res 2011; 18:183-90. [PMID: 21688086 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-011-9427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the previous study, we found that Annexin A2 was significantly up-regulated in lung cancer and could induce related-antigen in lung cancer patients' serum. To further study the function of Annexin A2, the short hairpin RNA plasmid targeting Annexin A2 was constructed in vitro and transfected into human lung adencarcinoma A549 cells. Knocking down Annexin A2 expression by shRNA, the mRNA level of Annexin A2 was investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The expression of Annexin A2 protein was examined by Western Blotting and Immuocytochemistry. MTT assay and Transwell chamber model were used to evaluate proliferation and invasion of A549 cells in vitro. The concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and cathepsin B (CB) in the supernatant was evaluated by ELISA. At 48 h after transfection, the expression of Annexin A2 mRNA and protein was down-regulated significantly, respectively (p < 0.05).The proliferation and invasion capability of A549 cells also decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The concentration of MMP-2 and CB was down-regulated obviously, respectively (p < 0.05). This study implies that Annexin A2 might play an important role in the progression and invasion of human lung cancer cells, and could promote progression of lung cancer by regulating the expression of MMP-2 and CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-xiang Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrastructure, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
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11
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Kido O, Fukushima K, Ueno Y, Inoue J, Jefferson DM, Shimosegawa T. Compensatory role of inducible annexin A2 for impaired biliary epithelial anion-exchange activity of inflammatory cholangiopathy. J Transl Med 2009; 89:1374-86. [PMID: 19823170 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2009.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The peribiliary inflammation of cholangiopathy affects the physiological properties of biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocyte), including bicarbonate-rich ductular secretion. We revealed the upregulation of annexin A2 (ANXA2) in cholangiocytes in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) by a proteomics approach and evaluated its physiological significance. Global protein expression profiles of a normal human cholangiocyte line (H69) in response to interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) were obtained by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF-MS. Histological expression patterns of the identified molecules in PBC liver were confirmed by immunostaining. H69 cells stably transfected with doxycyclin-inducible ANXA2 were subjected to physiological evaluation. Recovery of the intracellular pH after acute alkalinization was measured consecutively by a pH indicator with a specific inhibitor of anion exchanger (AE), 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS). Protein kinase-C (PKC) activation was measured by PepTag Assay and immunoblotting. Twenty spots that included ANXA2 were identified as IFNgamma-responsive molecules. Cholangiocytes of PBC liver were decorated by the unique membranous overexpression of ANXA2. Apical ANXA2 of small ducts of PBC was directly correlated with the clinical cholestatic markers and transaminases. Controlled induction of ANXA2 resulted in significant increase of the DIDS-inhibitory fraction of AE activity of H69, which was accompanied by modulation of PKC activity. We, therefore, identified ANXA2 as an IFNgamma-inducible gene in cholangiocytes that could serve as a potential histological marker of inflammatory cholangiopathy, including PBC. We conclude that inducible ANXA2 expression in cholangiocytes may play a compensatory role for the impaired AE activity of cholangiocytes in PBC in terms of bicarbonate-rich ductular secretion and bile formation through modulation of the PKC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kido
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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12
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Monastyrskaya K, Babiychuk EB, Draeger A. The annexins: spatial and temporal coordination of signaling events during cellular stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2623-42. [PMID: 19381436 PMCID: PMC11115530 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Annexins are a family of structurally related, Ca2+-sensitive proteins that bind to negatively charged phospholipids and establish specific interactions with other lipids and lipid microdomains. They are present in all eukaryotic cells and share a common folding motif, the "annexin core", which incorporates Ca2+- and membrane-binding sites. Annexins participate in a variety of intracellular processes, ranging from the regulation of membrane dynamics to cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Here we focus on the role of annexins in cellular signaling during stress. A chronic stress response triggers the activation of different intracellular pathways, resulting in profound changes in Ca2+ and pH homeostasis and the production of lipid second messengers. We review the latest data on how these changes are sensed by the annexins, which have the ability to simultaneously interact with specific lipid and protein moieties at the plasma membrane, contributing to stress adaptation via regulation of various signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Monastyrskaya
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland.
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13
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Organization and synergistic binding of copine I and annexin A1 on supported lipid bilayers observed by atomic force microscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:1950-61. [PMID: 19539605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The transduction of signals across the plasma membrane of cells after receptor activation frequently involves the assembly of interacting protein molecules on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane. However, the structural organization and dynamics of the formation of such complexes has not been well defined. In this study atomic force microscopy was used to monitor the assemblies formed in vitro by two classes of calcium-dependent, membrane-binding proteins that participate in the formation of signaling complexes on membranes - the annexins and the copines. When applied to supported lipid bilayers composed of 25% brain phosphatidylserine and 75% dioleyl phosphatidylcholine in the presence of 1 mM Ca(2+) both human annexin A1 and human copine I bound only to specialized domains that appeared to be 0.5 to 1.0 nm lower than the rest of the bilayer. These domains may be enriched in phosphatidylserine and have a more disordered structure allowing probe penetration. Confinement of the binding of the proteins to these domains may be important in the process of concentrating other signaling proteins bound to the copine or annexin. The binding of the annexin promoted the growth of the domains and created additional binding space for the copine. This may reflect a general ability of annexins to alter membrane structure in such a way that C2 domain-containing proteins like copine can bind. Copine I formed a reticular lattice composed of linear elements approximately 45 nm long on the specialized domains. This lattice might provide a scaffold for the assembly and interaction of copine target proteins in signaling complexes.
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Sun J, Jiang Y, Shi Z, Yan Y, Guo H, He F, Tu C. Proteomic alteration of PK-15 cells after infection by classical swine fever virus. J Proteome Res 2009; 7:5263-9. [PMID: 19367723 DOI: 10.1021/pr800546m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections usually result in alterations in the host cell proteome which determine the fate of the infected cells and the progress of pathogenesis. To uncover cellular protein responses in classical swine fever virus-infected PK-15 cells, a proteomic analysis was conducted using 2D PAGE followed by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS identification. Altered expression of 35 protein spots in infected cells at 48 h p.i. were identified in 2D gels, with 21 of these being characterized by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS, including 16 upregulated proteins and 5 down-regulated proteins. Western-blot analysis confirmed the up-regulation of annexin 2 and down-regulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The altered proteins could be sorted into 7 groups according to cellular function: cytoskeleton, energy metabolism, replication/transcription and translation processes, protein processing, antioxidative stress proteins, heat shock proteins and signal transduction. The altered expression of these proteins provides a response profile of PK-15 host cells to CSFV infection. Further study of these altered proteins may facilitate understanding the mechanisms of CSFV infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfu Sun
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 1068 Qinglong Road, Changchun 130062, China
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15
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Lee DBN, Jamgotchian N, Allen SG, Abeles MB, Ward HJ. A lipid-protein hybrid model for tight junction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F1601-12. [PMID: 18701633 PMCID: PMC2604825 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00097.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial tight junction (TJ) was first described ultrastructurally as a fusion of the outer lipid leaflets of the adjoining cell membrane bilayers (hemifusion). The discovery of an increasing number of integral TJ and TJ-associated proteins has eclipsed the original lipid-based model with the wide acceptance of a protein-centric model for the TJ. In this review, we stress the importance of lipids in TJ structure and function. A lipid-protein hybrid model accommodates a large body of information supporting the lipidic characteristics of the TJ, harmonizes with the accumulating evidence supporting the TJ as an assembly of lipid rafts, and focuses on an important, but relatively unexplored, field of lipid-protein interactions in the morphology, physiology, and pathophysiology of the TJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B N Lee
- Dept. of Medicine (111 VA Medical Center, 16111 Plummer St., North Hills, CA 91343, USA.
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16
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Hastie C, Masters JR, Moss SE, Naaby-Hansen S. Interferon-gamma reduces cell surface expression of annexin 2 and suppresses the invasive capacity of prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:12595-603. [PMID: 18211896 PMCID: PMC2335354 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800189200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) treatment on cell surface protein expression was studied in the human prostate cancer cell line 1542CP3TX. IFNgamma increased both the number and abundance of proteins in membrane fractions. In contrast, the expression of annexin 2 and its binding partner p11 decreased by 4-fold after 24 h of exposure, with the remaining anx2(t) complexes localized to lipid rafts. Within the same time scale, IFNgamma reduced the abundance of the peripherally attached, anx2(t)-associated proteases procathepsin B and plasminogen. The invasive capacity of the cancer cells was reduced by treatment with IFNgamma or antibody to annexin 2 in 1542CP3TX cells, but not in LNCaP, an annexin 2-negative prostate cancer cell line. Expression of annexin 2 in LNCaP cells increased their invasiveness. IFNgamma induced calpain expression and activation and increased the phosphorylation and degradation of the calpain substrate ABCA1 in 1542CP3TX cancer cells. Surface expression of annexin 2 was reduced in cells treated with glyburide, an ABCA1 inhibitor, whereas inhibition of calpain abrogated IFNgamma-induced annexin 2 down-regulation and suppression of Matrigel invasion. The findings suggest annexin 2 externalization is coupled to lipid efflux in prostate epithelium and that IFNgamma induces down-regulation of the protease-binding anx2(t) scaffold at the cell surface and consequently acts to suppress invasiveness through calpain-mediated degradation of the lipid transporter ABCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hastie
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 2UP, United Kingdom
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17
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Abstract
This chapter focuses on the contribution of proteomic analysis to the understanding of the process of exosome secretion and the mechanism and function of exosomes. It also describes the potential of exosome proteomic analysis to aid in the development of exosomes for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Olver
- Clinical Pathology Section, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, USA
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18
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Grimmer S, Spilsberg B, Hanada K, Sandvig K. Depletion of sphingolipids facilitates endosome to Golgi transport of ricin. Traffic 2007; 7:1243-53. [PMID: 16919154 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2006.00456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It has been previously demonstrated that depletion of cholesterol inhibits endosome to Golgi transport. Whether this inhibition is due to disruption of sphingolipid- and cholesterol-containing lipid rafts that are selected for Golgi transport or whether there is a physical requirement of cholesterol for either membrane deformations, facilitating formation of transport vesicles, or for recruitment of cytosolic constituents is not obvious. To investigate this in more detail, we have studied endosome to Golgi transport of ricin in sphingolipid-deficient cells using either a mutant cell line that does not express serine palmitoyltransferase, the first enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis, or a specific inhibitor, myriocin, of the same enzyme. Depletion of sphingolipids gave an increased sensitivity to ricin, and this increased sensitivity was inhibited by addition of sphingolipids. Importantly, endosome to Golgi transport of ricin, measured as sulfation of a modified ricin molecule, was increased in sphingolipid-deficient cells. No effect was seen on other pathways taken by ricin. Interestingly, cholesterol depletion inhibited endosome to Golgi transport even in cells with reduced levels of sphingolipids, suggesting that cholesterol as such is required for formation of transport vesicles. Our results indicate that the presence of sphingolipids actually limits and may function to control endosome to Golgi transport of ricin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Grimmer
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
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19
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Konopka-Postupolska D. Annexins: putative linkers in dynamic membrane-cytoskeleton interactions in plant cells. PROTOPLASMA 2007; 230:203-15. [PMID: 17458635 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-006-0234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane, the most external cellular structure, is at the forefront between the plant cell and its environment. Hence, it is naturally adapted to function in detection of external signals, their transduction throughout the cell, and finally, in cell reactions. Membrane lipids and the cytoskeleton, once regarded as simple and static structures, have recently been recognized as significant players in signal transduction. Proteins involved in signal detection and transduction are organised in specific domains at the plasma membrane. Their aggregation allows to bring together and orient the downstream and upstream members of signalling pathways. The cortical cytoskeleton provides a structural framework for rapid signal transduction from the cell periphery into the nucleus. It leads to intracellular reorganisation and wide-scale modulation of cellular metabolism which results in accumulation of newly synthesised proteins and/or secondary metabolites which, in turn, have to be distributed to the appropriate cell compartments. And again, in plant cells, the secretory vesicles that govern polar cellular transport are delivered to their target membranes by interaction with actin microfilaments. In search for factors that could govern subsequent steps of the cell response delineated above we focused on an evolutionary conserved protein family, the annexins, that bind in a calcium-dependent manner to membrane phospholipids. Annexins were proposed to regulate dynamic changes in membrane architecture and to organise the interface between secretory vesicles and the membrane. Certain proteins from this family were also identified as actin binding, making them ideal mediators in cell membrane and cytoskeleton interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Konopka-Postupolska
- Laboratory of Plant Pathogenesis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Lorusso A, Covino C, Priori G, Bachi A, Meldolesi J, Chieregatti E. Annexin2 coating the surface of enlargeosomes is needed for their regulated exocytosis. EMBO J 2006; 25:5443-56. [PMID: 17082761 PMCID: PMC1679766 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enlargeosomes are small cytoplasmic vesicles that undergo rapid, Ca2+-dependent exo/endocytosis. The role of the cytoskeleton in these processes was unknown. In PC12-27 cells, microtubule disassembly had little effect on enlargeosomes, whereas microfilament disassembly increased markedly both their resting and stimulated exocytosis, and inhibited their endocytosis. Even at rest enlargeosomes are coated at their cytosolic surface by an actin-associated protein, annexin2, bound by a dual, Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent mechanism. In contrast, the other enlargeosome marker, desmoyokin/Ahnak, is transported across the organelle membrane, apparently by an ABC transporter, and binds to its lumenal face. Annexin2-GFP expression revealed that, upon stimulation, the slow and random enlargeosome movement increases markedly and becomes oriented toward the plasma membrane. After annexin2 downregulation enlargeosome exocytosis induced by both [Ca2+]i rise and cytoskeleton disruption is inhibited, and the NGF-induced differentiation is blocked. Binding of annexin2 to the enlargeosome membrane, the most extensive ever reported (>50% annexin2 bound to approximately 3% of total membrane area), seems therefore to participate in the regulation of their exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lorusso
- Scientific Institute San Raffaele, ALEMBIC, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy BioImaging Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Covino
- Scientific Institute San Raffaele, ALEMBIC, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy BioImaging Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Priori
- Department of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Center of Excellence in Cell Development, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- Scientific Institute San Raffaele, ALEMBIC, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy BioImaging Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Meldolesi
- Scientific Institute San Raffaele, ALEMBIC, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy BioImaging Center, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Center of Excellence in Cell Development, Milan, Italy
- IIT Research Unit of Molecular Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Evelina Chieregatti
- Department of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Center of Excellence in Cell Development, Milan, Italy
- IIT Research Unit of Molecular Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, DIBIT, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy. Tel.: +39 022 643 4604; Fax: +39 022 643 4813; E-mail
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21
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Ryzhova EV, Vos RM, Albright AV, Harrist AV, Harvey T, González-Scarano F. Annexin 2: a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag binding protein involved in replication in monocyte-derived macrophages. J Virol 2006; 80:2694-704. [PMID: 16501079 PMCID: PMC1395445 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.80.6.2694-2704.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in the major natural target cells, CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophages, is parallel in many aspects of the virus life cycle. However, it differs as to viral assembly and budding, which take place on plasma membranes in T cells and on endosomal membranes in macrophages. It has been postulated that cell type-specific host factors may aid in directing viral assembly to distinct destinations. In this study we defined annexin 2 (Anx2) as a novel HIV Gag binding partner in macrophages. Anx2-Gag binding was confined to productively infected macrophages and was not detected in quiescently infected monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) in which an HIV replication block was mapped to the late stages of the viral life cycle (A. V. Albright, R. M. Vos, and F. Gonzalez-Scarano, Virology 325:328-339, 2004). We demonstrate that the Anx2-Gag interaction likely occurs at the limiting membranes of late endosomes/multivesicular bodies and that Anx2 depletion is associated with a significant decline in the infectivity of released virions; this coincided with incomplete Gag processing and inefficient incorporation of CD63. Cumulatively, our data suggest that Anx2 is essential for the proper assembly of HIV in MDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Ryzhova
- Department of Neurology and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3 W. Gates, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4283, USA
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22
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Matsuda D, Nakayama Y, Horimoto S, Kuga T, Ikeda K, Kasahara K, Yamaguchi N. Involvement of Golgi-associated Lyn tyrosine kinase in the translocation of annexin II to the endoplasmic reticulum under oxidative stress. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:1205-17. [PMID: 16527271 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2005] [Revised: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Src-family tyrosine kinases, known to participate in signaling pathways of a variety of receptors at the plasma membrane, are found in cellular endomembranes such as the Golgi apparatus and endosomes. Recently, we showed that Lyn, a member of the Src kinases, accumulates on the Golgi apparatus and then traffics to the plasma membrane. We show here that a majority of endogenous Lyn but not c-Src is accumulated in Golgi-enriched heavy-membrane fractions on a sucrose-density gradient, whereas a small amount of endogenous Lyn is present in light-membrane fractions containing the plasma membrane. Inducible expression of kinase-active Lyn, which biosynthetically reaches the Golgi apparatus, triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins including annexin II. Coimmunoprecipitation analyses reveal that Lyn physically associates with annexin II, and an in vitro kinase assay shows that Lyn phosphorylates annexin II directly. Furthermore, stimulation of cells with H2O2 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of annexin II on the Golgi apparatus in a manner that is dependent on the kinase activity of Src kinases, leading to the translocation of annexin II from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, these results suggest that endomembranes containing the Golgi apparatus where Lyn is anchored can serve as a signaling platform under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsuda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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23
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Menke M, Gerke V, Steinem C. Phosphatidylserine membrane domain clustering induced by annexin A2/S100A10 heterotetramer. Biochemistry 2006; 44:15296-303. [PMID: 16285733 DOI: 10.1021/bi051585i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
By means of scanning force and fluorescence microscopy of artificial membranes immobilized on mica surfaces, the lateral organization of the annexin A2/S100A10 heterotetramer (annexin A2t) and its influence on the lateral organization of the lipids within the membrane have been elucidated. Planar lipid bilayers composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC)/1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine (POPS) were prepared on atomically flat mica surfaces by the spreading of unilamellar vesicles. Fluorescence images of fluorescently labeled annexin A2t and scanning force microscopy images of nonlabeled protein bound to POPC/POPS bilayers show the formation of micrometer-sized lateral protein domains in the presence of 1 mM CaCl2. By means of scanning force microscopy, not only protein domains became discernible but also small membrane domains, which were attributed to POPS-enriched areas. A depletion of these POPS domains was observed in the vicinity of annexin A2t protein domains. These results indicate that annexin A2t is a peripheral membrane-binding complex capable of inducing lipid segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Menke
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Chemo- und Biosensorik, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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24
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Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain various Ca(2+)-effector proteins that mediate cellular responses to changes in intracellular Ca(2+) levels. A unique class of these proteins - annexins - can bind to certain membrane phospholipids in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, providing a link between Ca(2+) signalling and membrane functions. By forming networks on the membrane surface, annexins can function as organizers of membrane domains and membrane-recruitment platforms for proteins with which they interact. These and related properties enable annexins to participate in several otherwise unrelated events that range from membrane dynamics to cell differentiation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Germany.
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25
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Kim YE, Isas JM, Haigler HT, Langen R. A helical hairpin region of soluble annexin B12 refolds and forms a continuous transmembrane helix at mildly acidic pH. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:32398-404. [PMID: 15975928 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m505017200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexins are soluble proteins that are best known for their ability to undergo reversible Ca(2+)-dependent binding to the surface of phospholipid bilayers. Recent studies, however, have shown that annexins also reversibly bind to membranes in a Ca(2+)-independent manner at mildly acidic pH. We investigated the structural changes that occur upon pH-dependent membrane binding by performing a nitroxide scan on the helical hairpin encompassing helices A and B in the fourth repeat of annexin B12. Residues 251-273 of annexin B12 were replaced, one at a time, with cysteine and then labeled with a nitroxide spin label. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) mobility and accessibility analyses of soluble annexin B12 derivatives were in excellent agreement with the known crystal structure of annexin B12. However, EPR studies of annexin B12 derivatives bound to membranes at pH 4.0 indicated major structural changes in the scanned region. The helix-loop-helix structure present in the soluble protein was converted into a continuous transmembrane alpha-helix that was exposed to the hydrophobic core of the bilayer on one side and exposed to an aqueous pore on the other side. Asp-264 was on the hydrophobic membrane-exposed face of the amphipathic transmembrane helix, thereby suggesting that protonation of its carboxylate group stabilized the transmembrane form. Inspection of the amino acid sequence of annexin B12 revealed several other helical hairpin regions that might refold and form continuous amphipathic transmembrane helices in response to protonation of Asp or Glu switch residues on or near the hydrophobic face of the helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin E Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
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26
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Golczak M, Kirilenko A, Bandorowicz-Pikula J, Desbat B, Pikula S. Structure of human annexin a6 at the air-water interface and in a membrane-bound state. Biophys J 2005; 87:1215-26. [PMID: 15298924 PMCID: PMC1304460 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.103.038240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We postulate the existence of a pH-sensitive domain in annexin A6 (AnxA6), on the basis of our observation of pH-dependent conformational and orientation changes of this protein and its N- (AnxA6a) and C-terminal (AnxA6b) halves in the presence of lipids. Brewster angle microscopy shows that AnxA6, AnxA6a, and AnxA6b in the absence of lipids accumulate at the air-water interface and form a stable, homogeneous layer at pH below 6.0. Under these conditions polarization modulation IR absorption spectroscopy reveals significant conformational changes of AnxA6a whereas AnxA6b preserves its alpha-helical structure. The orientation of protein alpha-helices is parallel with respect to the interface. In the presence of lipids, polarization modulation IR reflection absorption spectroscopy experiments suggest that AnxA6a incorporates into the lipid/air interface, whereas AnxA6b is adsorbed under the lipid monolayer. In this case AnxA6a regains its alpha-helical structures. At a higher pressure of the lipid monolayer the average orientation of the alpha-helices of AnxA6a changes from flat to tilted by 45 degrees with respect to normal to the membrane interface. For AnxA6b no such changes are detected, even at a high pressure of the lipid monolayer-suggesting that the putative pH-sensitive domain of AnxA6 is localized in the N-terminal half of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Golczak
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Everson WV, Smart EJ. Chapter 2 Caveolae and the Regulation of Cellular Cholesterol Homeostasis. CAVEOLAE AND LIPID RAFTS: ROLES IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND THE PATHOGENESIS OF HUMAN DISEASE 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-2558(05)36002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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28
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Lee DBN, Jamgotchian N, Allen SG, Kan FWK, Hale IL. Annexin A2 heterotetramer: role in tight junction assembly. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 287:F481-91. [PMID: 15113748 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00175.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The tight junction has been characterized as a domain of focal fusions of the exoplasmic leaflets of the lipid bilayers from adjacent epithelial cells. Approximating membranes to within fusion distance is a thermodynamically unfavorable process and requires the participation of membrane-bridging or -fusion proteins. No known tight junction protein exhibits such activities. Annexin A2 (A2), in particular its heterotetramer (A2t), is known to form junctions between lipid bilayer structures through molecular bridging of their external leaflets. We demonstrate abundant A2 expression in Madin-Darby canine kidney II monolayers by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopic analysis suggests the bulk of A2 is located along the apical and lateral plasma membrane in its tetrameric configuration, consisting of two A2 and two p11 (an 11-kDa calmodulin-related protein, S100A10) subunits. Immunocytochemistry and ultrastructural immunogold labeling demonstrate colocalization of the A2 subunit with bona fide tight junction proteins, zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-1, at cell-cell contacts. The extracellular addition of a synthetic peptide, targeted to disrupt the binding between A2 and p11, completely aborts tight junction assembly in calcium chelation studies. We propose A2t as a member of a new class of tight junction proteins responsible for the long-observed convergence of adjacent exoplasmic lipid leaflets in tight junction assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B N Lee
- The Epithelial Transport Laboratory, Veteran's Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (VISN 22), Sepulveda, CA 91343, USA.
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29
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Rescher U, Ruhe D, Ludwig C, Zobiack N, Gerke V. Annexin 2 is a phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate binding protein recruited to actin assembly sites at cellular membranes. J Cell Sci 2004; 117:3473-80. [PMID: 15226372 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin 2 is a Ca(2+)-regulated membrane protein and an F-actin-binding protein enriched at actin assembly sites both, on the plasma membrane and on endosomal vesicles. Here, we identify annexin 2 as a phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P(2))-interacting protein, thereby explaining this specific membrane association. Using the pleckstrin-homology (PH) domain of phospholipase Cdelta1 fused to yellow fluorescent protein as a marker for PtdIns(4,5)P(2), we show that annexin 2 and its ligand p11 (S100A10) are targeted to sites of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) enrichment where F-actin accumulates. At the plasma membrane, adhesion of pedestal-forming enteropathogenic Escherichia coli induces a recruitment of 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PtdIns4P 5-kinase) and an enrichment of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) and annexin 2-p11 at sites of bacterial adhesion. Induction of PtdIns(4,5)P(2)-enriched ruffles and PtdIns(4,5)P(2)-positive, actin-coated vacuoles by Arf6-mediated activation of PtdIns4P 5-kinase also leads to a concomitant accumulation of the annexin 2-p11 complex and the PH domain. Binding studies with immobilized phosphoinositides and phosphoinositide-containing liposomes reveal that the purified annexin 2-p11 complex directly and specifically binds to PtdIns(4,5)P(2) with an affinity comparable to that of the PH domain of phospholipase Cdelta1. Experiments using individual subunits identify annexin 2 as the PtdIns(4,5)P(2)-binding entity. Thus, the direct interaction of annexin 2 with PtdIns(4,5)P(2) is a means of specifically recruiting the annexin 2-p11 complex to sites of membrane-associated actin assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Rescher
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, von Esmarch-Str. 56, Münster 48149, Germany
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30
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Abstract
Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is a Ca(2+)-binding protein that is up-regulated in virally transformed cell lines and in human tumors. Here, we show that ANXA2 binds directly to both ribonucleotide homopolymers and human c-myc RNA. ANXA2 was shown to bind specifically to poly(G) with high affinity (K(d) = 60 nM) and not to poly(A), poly(C), or poly(U). The binding of ANXA2 to poly(G) required Ca(2+) (A(50%) = 10 microM). The presence of RNA in the immunoprecipitates of ANXA2 isolated from HeLa cells established that ANXA2 formed a ribonucleoprotein complex in vivo. Sucrose gradient analysis showed that ANXA2 associates with ribonucleoprotein complexes and not with polyribosomes. Reverse transcriptase-PCR identified c-myc mRNA as a component of the ribonucleoprotein complex formed by ANXA2 in vivo, and binding studies confirmed a direct interaction between ANXA2 and c-myc mRNA. Transfection of LNCaP cells with the ANXA2 gene resulted in the up-regulation of c-Myc protein. These findings identify ANXA2 as a Ca(2+)-dependent RNA-binding protein that interacts with the mRNA of the nuclear oncogene, c-myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan R Filipenko
- Cancer Biology Research Group, Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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31
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Hayes MJ, Merrifield CJ, Shao D, Ayala-Sanmartin J, Schorey CD, Levine TP, Proust J, Curran J, Bailly M, Moss SE. Annexin 2 binding to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate on endocytic vesicles is regulated by the stress response pathway. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:14157-64. [PMID: 14734570 PMCID: PMC1351152 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m313025200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin 2 is a Ca(2+)-binding protein that has an essential role in actin-dependent macropinosome motility. We show here that macropinosome rocketing can be induced by hyperosmotic shock, either alone or synergistically when combined with phorbol ester or pervanadate. Rocketing was blocked by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(s), p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and calcium, suggesting the involvement of phosphoinositide signaling. Since various phosphoinositides are enriched on inwardly mobile vesicles, we examined whether or not annexin 2 binds to any of this class of phospholipid. In liposome sedimentation assays, we show that recombinant annexin 2 binds to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5P(2)) but not to other poly- and mono-phosphoinositides. The affinity of annexin 2 for PtdIns-4,5P(2) (K(D) approximately 5 microm) is comparable with those reported for a variety of PtdIns-4,5P(2)-binding proteins and is enhanced in the presence of Ca(2+). Although annexin 1 also bound to PtdIns-4,5P(2), annexin 5 did not, indicating that this is not a generic annexin property. To test whether annexin 2 binds to PtdIns-4,5P(2) in vivo, we microinjected rat basophilic leukemia cells stably expressing annexin 2-green fluorescent protein (GFP) with fluorescently tagged antibodies to PtdIns-4,5P(2). Annexin 2-GFP and anti-PtdIns-4,5P(2) IgG co-localize at sites of pinosome formation, and annexin 2-GFP relocalizes to intracellular membranes in Ptk cells microinjected with Arf6Q67L, which has been shown to stimulate PtdIns-4,5P(2) synthesis on pinosomes through activation of phosphatidylinositol 5 kinase. These results establish a novel phospholipid-binding specificity for annexin 2 consistent with a role in mediating the interaction between the macropinosome surface and the polymerized actin tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Hayes
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom, the
| | - Christien J. Merrifield
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Dongmin Shao
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom, the
| | - Jesus Ayala-Sanmartin
- INSERM U538, Trafic membranaire et signalization dans les cellules épithéliales, CHU Saint Antoine, 27, rue Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France, the
| | - Crislyn D’Souza Schorey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369, and
| | - Tim P. Levine
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom, the
| | - Jezabel Proust
- UMR 5546 CNRS/Université P. Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales, 24, chemin de Borde Rouge, B.P. 17 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Julie Curran
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom, the
| | - Maryse Bailly
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom, the
| | - Stephen E. Moss
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom, the
- ‡‡ To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 020-7608-6973; Fax: 020-7608-4034; E-mail:
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Mizwicki MT, Bishop JE, Olivera CJ, Huhtakangas J, Norman AW. Evidence that annexin II Is not a putative membrane receptor for 1?,25(OH)2-vitamin D3. J Cell Biochem 2004; 91:852-63. [PMID: 14991775 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The seco-steroid hormone 1alpha,25(OH)(2)-vitamin D(3) (1,25-D(3)) is known to generate biological responses via both genomic and non-genomic rapid signal transduction pathways. The calcium regulated annexin II/p11 heterotetramer (AII(2)/p11(2)] was proposed by Baran and co-authors to be the membrane receptor responsible for mediating non-genomic, rapid actions of 1,25-D(3), based on ligand affinity labeling, competition, and saturation analysis experiments. Given the cytosolic presence of both the monomeric and heterotetrameric form of AII and their functional regulation by intracellular calcium concentrations, which are known to be affected by 1,25-D(3) rapid, non-genomic activities, we investigated in vitro the affinity of [(3)H]1,25-D(3) for the AII monomer and AII(2)/p11(2) in the absence and presence of calcium using saturation analysis and gel-filtration chromatography. Using two different techniques for separating bound from free ligand (perchlorate and hydroxylapatite (HAP)) over a series of 30 experiments, no evidence for specific binding of [(3)H]1,25-D(3) was obtained with or without the presence of 700 nM exogenous calcium, using either the AII monomer or AII(2)/p11(2). However saturable binding of [(3)H]1,25-D(3) to the lipid raft/caveolae enriched rat intestinal fraction was consistently observed (K(d) = 3.0 nM; B(max) = 45 fmols/mg total protein). AII was detected in lipid raft/caveolae enriched fractions from rat and mouse intestine and ROS 17/2.8 and NB4 cells by Western blot, but incubation in the presence of exogenous calcium did not ablate 1,25-D(3) binding as reported by Baran et al. Our results suggest that AII does not bind 1,25-D(3) in a physiologically relevant manner; however, recent studies linking AII(2)/p11(2) phosphorylation to vesicle fusion and its calcium regulated localization may make AII a possible down-stream substrate for 1,25-D(3) induced rapid cellular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew T Mizwicki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside California 92521, USA
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She YM, Narindrasorasak S, Yang S, Spitale N, Roberts EA, Sarkar B. Identification of Metal-binding Proteins in Human Hepatoma Lines by Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics 2003; 2:1306-18. [PMID: 14534351 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m300080-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The metalloproteome is defined as the set of proteins that have metal-binding capacity by being metalloproteins or having metal-binding sites. A different metalloproteome may exist for each metal. Mass spectrometric characterization of metalloproteomes provides valuable information relating to cellular disposition of metals physiologically and in metal-associated diseases. We examined the Cu and Zn metalloproteomes in three human hepatoma lines: Hep G2 and Mz-Hep-1, which retain many functional characteristics of normal human hepatocytes, and SK-Hep-1, which is poorly differentiated. Additionally we studied a single specimen of normal human liver and Hep G2 cells depleted in vitro of cellular copper. We used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyze peptide sequences of tryptic digests obtained by either in-gel digestion of metal-binding proteins or peptides on an immobilized metal affinity chromatography column loaded with either Cu or Zn. Mainly high abundance proteins were identified. Cu-binding proteins identified included enolase, albumin, transferrin, and alcohol dehydrogenase as well as certain intracellular chaperone proteins. The Cu metalloproteome was not identical to the Zn metalloproteome. Peptide binding experiments demonstrated that Cu coordination prefers the order of residues histidine > methionine > cysteine. Although the Cu metalloproteome was similar from line to line, subtle differences were apparent. Gel profiling showed more extensive variation in expression of annexin II in SK-Hep-1 and Mz-Hep-1 than in Hep G2 and normal liver tissue. Glycerylphosphorylethanolamine was identified as a post-translational modification at residue Glu-301 of elongation factor 1-alpha in Hep G2. Intracellular copper depletion was associated with loss of the glycerylphosphoryl side group. These findings suggest that post-translational modification could be affected by intracellular actions of copper. Comparison of the Cu and Zn metalloproteomes in Hep G2 with a published general proteome of Hep G2 disclosed little overlap (Seow, T. K., et al. (2001) Proteomics 1, 1249-1263). Proteins in the metalloproteomes of human hepatocytes can be identified by these methods. Variations in these metalloproteomes may have important physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min She
- Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zobiack N, Rescher U, Ludwig C, Zeuschner D, Gerke V. The annexin 2/S100A10 complex controls the distribution of transferrin receptor-containing recycling endosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2003; 14:4896-908. [PMID: 13679511 PMCID: PMC284793 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e03-06-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+- and lipid-binding protein annexin 2, which resides in a tight heterotetrameric complex with the S100 protein S100A10 (p11), has been implicated in the structural organization and dynamics of endosomal membranes. To elucidate the function of annexin 2 and S100A10 in endosome organization and trafficking, we used RNA-mediated interference to specifically suppress annexin 2 and S100A10 expression. Down-regulation of both proteins perturbed the distribution of transferrin receptor- and rab11-positive recycling endosomes but did not affect uptake into sorting endosomes. The phenotype was highly specific and could be rescued by reexpression of the N-terminal annexin 2 domain or S100A10 in annexin 2- or S100A10-depleted cells, respectively. Whole-mount immunoelectron microscopy of the aberrantly localized recycling endosomes in annexin 2/S100A10 down-regulated cells revealed extensively bent tubules and an increased number of endosome-associated clathrin-positive buds. Despite these morphological alterations, the kinetics of transferrin uptake and recycling was not affected to a significant extent, indicating that the proper positioning of recycling endosomes is not a rate-limiting step in transferrin recycling. The phenotype generated by this transient loss-of-protein approach shows for the first time that the annexin 2/S100A10 complex functions in the intracellular positioning of recycling endosomes and that both subunits are required for this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Zobiack
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Burkart A, Samii B, Corvera S, Shpetner HS. Regulation of the SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase by a novel cholesterol- and cell confluence-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:18360-7. [PMID: 12611902 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m210701200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells approaching confluence exhibit marked decreases in tyrosine phosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases and adherens junctions proteins, required for cell cycle arrest and adherens junctions stability. Recently, we demonstrated a close correlation in endothelial cells between membrane cholesterol and tyrosine phosphorylation of adherens junctions proteins. Here, we probe the mechanistic basis for this correlation. We find that as endothelial cells reach confluence, the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 is recruited to a low-density membrane fraction in a cholesterol-dependent manner. Binding of SHP-2 to this fraction was not abolished by phenyl phosphate, strongly suggesting that this binding was mediated by other regions of SHP-2 beside its SH2 domains. Annexin II, previously implicated in cholesterol trafficking, was associated in a complex with SHP-2, and both proteins localized to adhesion bands in confluent endothelial monolayers. These studies reveal a novel, cholesterol-dependent mechanism for the recruitment of signaling proteins to specific plasma membrane domains via their interactions with annexin II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Burkart
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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Ross M, Gerke V, Steinem C. Membrane composition affects the reversibility of annexin A2t binding to solid supported membranes: a QCM study. Biochemistry 2003; 42:3131-41. [PMID: 12627981 DOI: 10.1021/bi027069z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
By means of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique, we investigated the interaction of porcine heterotetrametric annexin A2t with solid supported lipid membranes. Dissociation and rate constants of annexin A2t binding to various lipid mixtures were determined as a function of Ca2+ concentrations in solution. In contrast to what has been observed for annexin A1, the binding affinity and kinetics of annexin A2t binding are not influenced by cholesterol. In the experimental setup chosen, the annexin A2t binding is strictly Ca2+-dependent and only affected by the amount of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the membrane and the Ca2+ concentration in solution. By Ca2+-titration experiments at constant annexin A2t concentration, we investigated the reversibility of annexin A2t adsorption and desorption. Surprisingly, Ca2+-titration curves display a significant hysteresis. Protein desorption curves starting from annexin A2t bound to the membrane at 1 mM CaCl2 exhibit high cooperativity with half-maximum Ca2+ concentrations in the submicromolar range. However, protein adsorption curves starting from an EGTA-containing solution with soluble annexin A2t always show two inflection points upon addition of Ca2+ ions. These two inflection points may be indicative of two protein populations differently bound to the solid-supported membrane. The ratio of these two annexin A2t populations depends on the amount of PS molecules and cholesterol in the membrane as well as on the Ca2+ concentration. We propose a model discussing the results obtained in terms of two binding sites differing in their affinity due to lipid rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Ross
- Institut für Biochemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Abstract
Annexins are Ca2+ and phospholipid binding proteins forming an evolutionary conserved multigene family with members of the family being expressed throughout animal and plant kingdoms. Structurally, annexins are characterized by a highly alpha-helical and tightly packed protein core domain considered to represent a Ca2+-regulated membrane binding module. Many of the annexin cores have been crystallized, and their molecular structures reveal interesting features that include the architecture of the annexin-type Ca2+ binding sites and a central hydrophilic pore proposed to function as a Ca2+ channel. In addition to the conserved core, all annexins contain a second principal domain. This domain, which NH2-terminally precedes the core, is unique for a given member of the family and most likely specifies individual annexin properties in vivo. Cellular and animal knock-out models as well as dominant-negative mutants have recently been established for a number of annexins, and the effects of such manipulations are strikingly different for different members of the family. At least for some annexins, it appears that they participate in the regulation of membrane organization and membrane traffic and the regulation of ion (Ca2+) currents across membranes or Ca2+ concentrations within cells. Although annexins lack signal sequences for secretion, some members of the family have also been identified extracellularly where they can act as receptors for serum proteases on the endothelium as well as inhibitors of neutrophil migration and blood coagulation. Finally, deregulations in annexin expression and activity have been correlated with human diseases, e.g., in acute promyelocytic leukemia and the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, and the term annexinopathies has been coined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Gerke
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Uittenbogaard A, Everson WV, Matveev SV, Smart EJ. Cholesteryl ester is transported from caveolae to internal membranes as part of a caveolin-annexin II lipid-protein complex. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:4925-31. [PMID: 11733519 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109278200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that in Chinese hamster ovary cells scavenger receptor, class B, type I-dependent selective cholesteryl ester uptake occurs in caveolae. In the present study we hypothesized that cholesteryl ester is transported from caveolae through the cytosol to an internal membrane by a caveolin chaperone complex similar to the one we originally described for the transport of newly synthesized cholesterol. To test this hypothesis we incubated Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing scavenger receptor, class B, type I with [(3)H]cholesteryl ester-labeled high density lipoprotein, subfractionated the cells and looked for a cytosolic pool of [(3)H]cholesteryl ester. The radiolabeled sterol initially appeared in the caveolae fraction, then in the cytosol, and finally in the internal membrane fraction. Caveolin IgG precipitated all of the [(3)H]cholesteryl ester associated with the cytosol. Co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that in the presence of high density lipoprotein, but not low density lipoprotein or lipoprotein-deficient serum, caveolin IgG precipitated four proteins: annexin II, cyclophilin 40, caveolin, and cyclophilin A. Caveolin acylation-deficient mutants were used to demonstrate that acylation of cysteine 133 but not cysteine 143 or 156 is required for annexin II association with caveolin and the rapid transport of cholesteryl esters out of caveolae. We conclude that a caveolin-annexin II lipid-protein complex facilitates the rapid internalization of cholesteryl esters from caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Uittenbogaard
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical School, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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