1
|
Ko H, Sung BH, Kim MJ, Sohn JH, Bae JH. Fructan Biosynthesis by Yeast Cell Factories. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1373-1381. [PMID: 36310357 PMCID: PMC9720074 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2207.07062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fructan is a polysaccharide composed of fructose and can be classified into several types, such as inulin, levan, and fructo-oligosaccharides, based on their linkage patterns and degree of polymerization. Owing to its structural and functional diversity, fructan has been used in various fields including prebiotics, foods and beverages, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical applications. With increasing interest in fructans, efficient and straightforward production methods have been explored. Since the 1990s, yeast cells have been employed as producers of recombinant enzymes for enzymatic conversion of fructans including fructosyltransferases derived from various microbes and plants. More recently, yeast cell factories are highlighted as efficient workhorses for fructan production by direct fermentation. In this review, recent advances and strategies for fructan biosynthesis by yeast cell factories are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjun Ko
- Synthetic Biology & Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hyun Sung
- Synthetic Biology & Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Kim
- Synthetic Biology & Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Sohn
- Synthetic Biology & Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Cellapy Bio Inc., Bio-Venture Center 211, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors J.H. Sohn Phone: +82-42-860-4458 Fax: +82-42-860-4489 E-mail:
| | - Jung-Hoon Bae
- Synthetic Biology & Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,
J.H. Bae Phone: +82-42-860-4484 Fax: +82-42-860-4489 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun X, Zong Y, Yang S, Wang L, Gao J, Wang Y, Liu B, Zhang H. A fructan: the fructan 1-fructosyl-transferase gene from Helianthus tuberosus increased the PEG-simulated drought stress tolerance of tobacco. Hereditas 2020; 157:14. [PMID: 32312318 PMCID: PMC7171796 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-020-00131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) is a fructan-accumulating plant, and an industrial source of raw material for fructan production, but the crucial enzymes involved in fructan biosynthesis remain poorly understood in this plant. RESULTS In this study, a fructan: fructan 1-fructosyl-transferase (1-FFT) gene, Ht1-FFT, was isolated from Jerusalem artichoke. The coding sequence of Ht1-FFT was 2025 bp in length, encoding 641 amino acids. Ht1-FFT had the type domain of the 1-FFT protein family, to which it belonged, according to phylogenetic tree analysis, which implied that Ht1-FFT had the function of catalyzing the formation and extension of beta-(2,1)-linked fructans. Overexpression of Ht1-FFT in the leaves of transgenic tobacco increased fructan concentration. Moreover, the soluble sugar and proline concentrations increased, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was reduced in the transgenic lines. The changes in these parameters were associated with increased stress tolerance exhibited by the transgenic tobacco plants. A PEG-simulated drought stress experiment confirmed that the transgenic lines exhibited increased PEG-simulated drought stress tolerance. CONCLUSIONS The 1-FFT gene from Helianthus tuberosus was a functional fructan: fructan 1-fructosyl-transferase and played a positive role in PEG-simulated drought stress tolerance. This transgene could be used to increase fructan concentration and PEG-simulated drought stress tolerance in plants by genetic transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining, 810001, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Xining, 810016, China
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Yuan Zong
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining, 810001, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shipeng Yang
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Xining, 810016, China
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Xining, 810016, China
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Jieming Gao
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Xining, 810016, China
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Xining, 810016, China
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Baolong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China.
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining, 810001, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Huaigang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China.
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining, 810001, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rigui AP, Carvalho V, Wendt Dos Santos AL, Morvan-Bertrand A, Prud'homme MP, Machado de Carvalho MA, Gaspar M. Fructan and antioxidant metabolisms in plants of Lolium perenne under drought are modulated by exogenous nitric oxide. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 145:205-215. [PMID: 31707248 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental factor that can trigger oxidative stress and affect plant growth and productivity. Previous studies have shown that exogenous nitric oxide (NO) can minimize oxidative stress-related damage through the modulation of antioxidant enzyme activity. Fructan accumulation also has an important role in drought tolerance, since these carbohydrates participate in osmoregulation, membrane protection and oxidant scavenging. Currently, there are few studies investigating NO-regulated fructan metabolism in response to abiotic stresses. In the present study, we sought to determine if treating plants of Lolium perenne with S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a NO donor, improved drought tolerance. Two-month-old plants received water (control), GSNO and reduced glutathione (GSH) as foliar spray treatments and were then maintained under drought or well-watered conditions for 23 days. At the end of drought period, we evaluated growth, pigment content and antioxidant and fructan metabolisms. None of these conditions influenced dry mass accumulation, but the leaves of plants treated with GSNO exhibited a slight increase in pigment content under drought. GSNO treatment also induced 1-SST activity, which was associated with a 3-fold increase in fructan content. GSNO-treated plants presented higher GR activity and, consequently, increased GSH levels. L. perenne cv. AberAvon was relatively tolerant to the water stress condition employed herein, maintaining ROS homeostasis and mitigating oxidative stress, possibly due to fructan, ascorbate and glutathione pools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athos Poli Rigui
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia e Bioquímica, Instituto de Botânica, CEP, 04301-902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victória Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Plantas Ornamentais, Instituto de Botânica, CEP, 04301-902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Annette Morvan-Bertrand
- Ecophysiologie Végétale Agronomie et Nutritions N.C.S. Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRA, EVA, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Marie-Pascale Prud'homme
- Ecophysiologie Végétale Agronomie et Nutritions N.C.S. Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRA, EVA, 14000, Caen, France
| | | | - Marília Gaspar
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia e Bioquímica, Instituto de Botânica, CEP, 04301-902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li M, He X, Hao D, Wu J, Zhao J, Yang Q, Chen X. 6-SFT, a Protein from Leymus mollis, Positively Regulates Salinity Tolerance and Enhances Fructan Levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2691. [PMID: 31159261 PMCID: PMC6600527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructans play vital roles in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In this study, we isolated the sucrose:6-fructosyltransferase gene, which is involved in the synthesis of fructans, from Leymus mollis by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The Lm-6-SFT gene was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana cv. Columbia by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic plants were evaluated under salt stress conditions. The results showed that the expression of Lm-6-SFT was significantly induced by light, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and salt treatment in L. mollis plants. Overexpression of Lm-6-SFT in Arabidopsis promoted seed germination and primary root growth during the early vegetative growth stage under salt stress. We also found that the transgenic plants expressing Lm-6-SFT had increased proline and fructan levels. β-Glucuronidase staining and promoter analysis indicated that the promoter of Lm-6-SFT was regulated by light, ABA, and salt stress. Quantitative PCR suggested that overexpression of Lm-6-SFT could improve salt tolerance by interacting with the expression of some salt stress tolerance genes. Thus, we demonstrated that the Lm-6-SFT gene is a candidate gene that potentially confers salt stress tolerance to plants. Our study will aid the elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of 6-SFT genes in herb plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaolan He
- College of Environment and Life Science, Kaili University, Kaili 556011, GuiZhou, China.
| | - Dongdong Hao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jixin Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qunhui Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xinhong Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hernández L, Menéndez C, Pérez ER, Martínez D, Alfonso D, Trujillo LE, Ramírez R, Sobrino A, Mazola Y, Musacchio A, Pimentel E. Fructooligosaccharides production by Schedonorus arundinaceus sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase constitutively expressed to high levels in Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2018; 266:59-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
6
|
Re-Programming Photosynthetic Cells of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) for Fructan Biosynthesis through Transgenic Expression of Fructan Biosynthetic Genes under the Control of Photosynthetic Promoters. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy7020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
7
|
Gasperl A, Morvan-Bertrand A, Prud'homme MP, van der Graaff E, Roitsch T. Exogenous Classic Phytohormones Have Limited Regulatory Effects on Fructan and Primary Carbohydrate Metabolism in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1251. [PMID: 26834764 PMCID: PMC4719101 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fructans are polymers of fructose and one of the main constituents of water-soluble carbohydrates in forage grasses and cereal crops of temperate climates. Fructans are involved in cold and drought resistance, regrowth following defoliation and early spring growth, seed filling, have beneficial effects on human health and are used for industrial processes. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) serves as model species to study fructan metabolism. Fructan metabolism is under the control of both synthesis by fructosyltransferases (FTs) and breakdown through fructan exohydrolases (FEHs). The accumulation of fructans can be triggered by high sucrose levels and abiotic stress conditions such as drought and cold stress. However, detailed studies on the mechanisms involved in the regulation of fructan metabolism are scarce. Since different phytohormones, especially abscisic acid (ABA), are known to play an important role in abiotic stress responses, the possible short term regulation of the enzymes involved in fructan metabolism by the five classical phytohormones was investigated. Therefore, the activities of enzymes involved in fructan synthesis and breakdown, the expression levels for the corresponding genes and levels for water-soluble carbohydrates were determined following pulse treatments with ABA, auxin (AUX), ethylene (ET), gibberellic acid (GA), or kinetin (KIN). The most pronounced fast effects were a transient increase of FT activities by AUX, KIN, ABA, and ET, while minor effects were evident for 1-FEH activity with an increased activity in response to KIN and a decrease by GA. Fructan and sucrose levels were not affected. This observed discrepancy demonstrates the importance of determining enzyme activities to obtain insight into the physiological traits and ultimately the plant phenotype. The comparative analyses of activities for seven key enzymes of primary carbohydrate metabolism revealed no co-regulation between enzymes of the fructan and sucrose pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gasperl
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Annette Morvan-Bertrand
- Normandie UniversitéCaen, France
- UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCS, Université de Caen NormandieCaen, France
- INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCSCaen, France
| | - Marie-Pascale Prud'homme
- Normandie UniversitéCaen, France
- UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCS, Université de Caen NormandieCaen, France
- INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCSCaen, France
| | | | - Thomas Roitsch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazGraz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Q, Jones CS, Parsons AJ, Xue H, Rasmussen S. Does gibberellin biosynthesis play a critical role in the growth of Lolium perenne? Evidence from a transcriptional analysis of gibberellin and carbohydrate metabolic genes after defoliation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:944. [PMID: 26579182 PMCID: PMC4630572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Global meat and milk production depends to a large extent on grazed pastures, with Lolium perenne being the major forage grass in temperate regions. Defoliation and subsequent regrowth of leaf blades is a major and essential event with respect to L. perenne growth and productivity. Following defoliation, carbohydrates (mainly fructans and sucrose) have to be mobilized from heterotrophic tissues to provide energy and carbon for regrowth of photosynthetic tissues. This mobilization of reserve carbohydrates requires a substantial change in the expression of genes coding for enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Here we tested the hypothesis that gibberellins (GA) are at the core of the processes regulating the expression of these genes. Thus, we examined the transcript profiles of genes involved in carbohydrate and GA metabolic pathways across a time course regrowth experiment. Our results show that following defoliation, the immediate reduction of carbohydrate concentrations in growing tissues is associated with a concomitant increase in the expression of genes encoding carbohydrate mobilizing invertases, and was also associated with a strong decrease in the expression of fructan synthesizing fructosyltransferase genes. We also show that the decrease in fructan levels is preceded by increased expression of the GA activating gene GA 3-oxidase and decreased expression of the GA inactivating gene GA 2 -oxidase in sheaths. GA 3-oxidase expression was negatively, while GA 2 -oxidase positively linked to sucrose concentrations. This study provides indicative evidence that gibberellins might play a role in L. perenne regrowth following defoliation and we hypothesize that there is a link between gibberellin regulation and sugar metabolism in L. perenne.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianhe Liu
- Forage Improvement, Grasslands Institute, AgResearch Ltd.Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Chris S. Jones
- Forage Improvement, Grasslands Institute, AgResearch Ltd.Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J. Parsons
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey UniversityPalmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Hong Xue
- Forage Improvement, Grasslands Institute, AgResearch Ltd.Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Susanne Rasmussen
- Forage Improvement, Grasslands Institute, AgResearch Ltd.Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey UniversityPalmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abeynayake SW, Byrne S, Nagy I, Jonavičienė K, Etzerodt TP, Boelt B, Asp T. Changes in Lolium perenne transcriptome during cold acclimation in two genotypes adapted to different climatic conditions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:250. [PMID: 26474965 PMCID: PMC4609083 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of numerous protective mechanisms during cold acclimation is important for the acquisition of freezing tolerance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of cold acclimation in two genotypes ('Veyo' and 'Falster') of perennial ryegrass from distinct geographical origins, we performed transcriptome profiling during cold acclimation using RNA-Seq. METHODS We cold-acclimated plants from both genotypes in controlled conditions for a period of 17 days and isolated Total RNA at various time points for high throughput sequencing using Illumina technology. RNA-seq reads were aligned to genotype specific references to identify transcripts with significant changes in expression during cold acclimation. RESULTS The genes induced were involved in protective mechanisms such as cell response to abiotic stimulus, signal transduction, redox homeostasis, plasma membrane and cell wall modifications, and carbohydrate metabolism in both genotypes. 'Falster' genotype, adapted to cold climates, showed a stronger transcriptional differentiation during cold acclimation, and more differentially expressed transcripts related to stress, signal transduction, response to abiotic stimulus, and metabolic processes compared to 'Veyo'. 'Falster' genotype also showed an induction of more transcripts with sequence homology to fructosyltransferase genes (FTs) and a higher fold induction of fructan in response to low-temperature stress. The circadian rhythm network was perturbed in the 'Veyo' genotype adapted to warmer climates. CONCLUSION In this study, the differentially expressed genes during cold acclimation, potentially involved in numerous protective mechanisms, were identified in two genotypes of perennial ryegrass from distinct geographical origins. The observation that the circadian rhythm network was perturbed in 'Veyo' during cold acclimation may point to a low adaptability of 'Veyo' to low temperature stresses. This study also revealed the transcriptional mechanisms underlying carbon allocation towards fructan biosynthesis in perennial ryegrass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamila Weerakoon Abeynayake
- Department of Agroecology - Crop Health, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Stephen Byrne
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Kristina Jonavičienė
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kėdainiai distr, Lithuania.
| | | | - Birte Boelt
- Department of Agroecology - Crop Health, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Torben Asp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gallagher JA, Cairns AJ, Thomas D, Timms-Taravella E, Skøt K, Charlton A, Williams P, Turner LB. Fructan synthesis, accumulation and polymer traits. II. Fructan pools in populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with variation for water-soluble carbohydrate and candidate genes were not correlated with biosynthetic activity and demonstrated constraints to polymer chain extension. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:864. [PMID: 26528321 PMCID: PMC4606054 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Differences have been shown between ryegrass and fescue within the Festulolium subline introgression family for fructan synthesis, metabolism, and polymer-size traits. It is well-established that there is considerable variation for water-soluble carbohydrate and fructan content within perennial ryegrass. However there is much still to be discovered about the fructan polymer pool in this species, especially in regard to its composition and regulation. It is postulated that similar considerable variation for polymer traits may exist, providing useful polymers for biorefining applications. Seasonal effects on fructan content together with fructan synthesis and polymer-size traits have been examined in diverse perennial ryegrass material comprising contrasting plants from a perennial ryegrass F2 mapping family and from populations produced by three rounds of phenotypic selection. Relationships with copy number variation in candidate genes have been investigated. There was little evidence of any variation in fructan metabolism across this diverse germplasm under these conditions that resulted in substantial differences in the complement of fructan polymers present in leaf tissue at high water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations. The importance of fructan synthesis during fructan accumulation was unclear as fructan content and polymer characteristics in intact plants during the growing season did not reflect the capacity for de novo synthesis. However, the retention of fructan in environmental conditions favoring high sink/low source demand may be an important component of the high sugar trait and the roles of breakdown and turnover are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe A. Gallagher
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityGogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Andrew J. Cairns
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityGogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - David Thomas
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityGogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Emma Timms-Taravella
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityGogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Kirsten Skøt
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityGogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Adam Charlton
- The Biocomposites Centre, Bangor UniversityBangor, UK
| | | | - Lesley B. Turner
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityGogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abeynayake SW, Etzerodt TP, Jonavičienė K, Byrne S, Asp T, Boelt B. Fructan metabolism and changes in fructan composition during cold acclimation in perennial ryegrass. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:329. [PMID: 26029229 PMCID: PMC4428078 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) produces high levels of fructans as a mixture of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides with different degrees of polymerization (DP). The present study describes the analysis of the compositional changes in the full spectrum of fructans, fructan distribution between above ground biomass (top) and the roots, and the transcription of candidate genes involved in fructan metabolism during cold acclimation in perennial ryegrass variety "Veyo" and ecotype "Falster" from distinct geographical origins. We observed changes in fructan composition and induction of low-DP fructans, especially DP = 4, in both the top and the roots of "Veyo" and "Falster" in response to low-temperature stress. The accumulation of DP > 50 fructans was only apparent in the top tissues where the Lp1-FFT expression is higher compared to the roots in both "Veyo" and "Falster." Our results also show the accumulation and depolymerization of fructans with different DP, together with the induction of genes encoding fructosyltransferases and fructan exohydrolases in both "Veyo" and "Falster" during cold acclimation, supporting the hypothesis that fructan synthesis and depolymerization occurring simultaneously. The ecotype "Falster," adapted to cold climates, increased total fructan content and produced more DP > 7 fructans in the roots than the variety "Veyo," adapted to warmer climates. This indicates that high-DP fructan accumulation in roots may be an adaptive trait for plant recovery after abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamila W. Abeynayake
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus UniversitySlagelse, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversitySlagelse, Denmark
| | | | - Kristina Jonavičienė
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and ForestryAkademija, Lithuania
| | - Stephen Byrne
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversitySlagelse, Denmark
| | - Torben Asp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversitySlagelse, Denmark
| | - Birte Boelt
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus UniversitySlagelse, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rasmussen S, Parsons AJ, Xue H, Liu Q, Jones CS, Ryan GD, Newman JA. Transcript profiling of fructan biosynthetic pathway genes reveals association of a specific fructosyltransferase isoform with the high sugar trait in Lolium perenne. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:475-85. [PMID: 24655383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lolium perenne cultivars with elevated levels of fructans in leaf blades (high sugar-content grasses) have been developed to improve animal nutrition and reduce adverse environmental impacts of pastoral agricultural systems. Expression of the high sugar trait can vary substantially depending on genotype×environment (G×E) interactions. We grew three potential high sugar-content and a control cultivar in three temperature regimes and quantified water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) and the expression of all functionally characterised L. perenne fructan pathway genes in leaf tissues. We also analysed the distribution, expression and sequence variation of two specific isoforms of Lp6G-FFT (fructan: fructan 6G-fructosyltransferase). Our study confirmed a significant G×E interaction affecting the accumulation of fructans in the high sugar-content cultivar AberDart, which accumulated higher levels of high DP (degree of polymerisation) fructans in blades compared to the control cultivar only when grown at 20°C (day)/10°C (night) temperatures. The cultivar Expo on the other hand accumulated significantly higher levels of high DP fructans in blades independent of temperature. Fructan levels in pseudostems were higher than in blades, and they increased markedly with decreasing temperature, but there was no consistent effect of cultivar in this tissue. The expression of the high sugar trait was generally positively correlated with transcript levels of fructosyltransferases. Presence and expression of only one of the two known 6G-FFT isoforms was positively correlated with high fructan biosynthesis, while the second isoform was associated with low fructan concentrations and positively correlated with fructan exohydrolase gene expression. The presence of distinct 6G-FFT sequence variants appears to be associated with the capacity of high sugar-content grasses to accumulate higher fructan levels particularly at warmer temperatures. These findings might be exploited for the selection and breeding of 'warm-effective' high sugar-content grasses to overcome some of the limitations of current high sugar-content ryegrass cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rasmussen
- AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, P.B. 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Anthony J Parsons
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, P.B. 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Hong Xue
- AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, P.B. 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Qianhe Liu
- AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, P.B. 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Christopher S Jones
- AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, P.B. 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Geraldine D Ryan
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Jonathan A Newman
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rasmussen S, Thornley JHM, Parsons AJ, Harrison SJ. Mathematical model of fructan biosynthesis and polymer length distribution in plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:1219-31. [PMID: 23644360 PMCID: PMC3662526 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There are many unresolved issues concerning the biochemistry of fructan biosynthesis. The aim of this paper is to address some of these by means of modelling mathematically the biochemical processes. METHODS A model has been constructed for the step-by-step synthesis of fructan polymers. This is run until a steady state is achieved for which a polymer distribution is predicted. It is shown how qualitatively different distributions can be obtained. KEY RESULTS It is demonstrated how a set of experimental results on polymer distribution can by simulated by a simple parameter adjustments. CONCLUSIONS Mathematical modelling of fructan biosynthesis can provide a useful tool for helping elucidate the details of the biosynthetic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rasmussen
- AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - John H. M. Thornley
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Anthony J. Parsons
- Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Scott J. Harrison
- AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Danish Technical University, Fremtidsvej 3, Hørsholm, Denmark-2970
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xue GP, Drenth J, Glassop D, Kooiker M, McIntyre CL. Dissecting the molecular basis of the contribution of source strength to high fructan accumulation in wheat. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 81:71-92. [PMID: 23114999 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-9983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fructans represent the major component of water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) in the maturing stem of temperate cereals and are an important temporary carbon reserve for grain filling. To investigate the importance of source carbon availability in fructan accumulation and its molecular basis, we performed comparative analyses of WSC components and the expression profiles of genes involved in major carbohydrate metabolism and photosynthesis in the flag leaves of recombinant inbred lines from wheat cultivars Seri M82 and Babax (SB lines). High sucrose levels in the mature flag leaf (source organ) were found to be positively associated with WSC and fructan concentrations in both the leaf and stem of SB lines in several field trials. Analysis of Affymetrix expression array data revealed that high leaf sucrose lines grown in abiotic-stress-prone environments had high expression levels of a number of genes in the leaf involved in the sucrose synthetic pathway and photosynthesis, such as Calvin cycle genes, antioxidant genes involved in chloroplast H(2)O(2) removal and genes involved in energy dissipation. The expression of the majority of genes involved in fructan and starch synthetic pathways were positively correlated with sucrose levels in the leaves of SB lines. The high level of leaf fructans in high leaf sucrose lines is likely attributed to the elevated expression levels of fructan synthetic enzymes, as the mRNA levels of three fructosyltransferase families were consistently correlated with leaf sucrose levels among SB lines. These data suggest that high source strength is one of the important genetic factors determining high levels of WSC in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Ping Xue
- CSIRO Plant Industry, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huynh BL, Mather DE, Schreiber AW, Toubia J, Baumann U, Shoaei Z, Stein N, Ariyadasa R, Stangoulis JCR, Edwards J, Shirley N, Langridge P, Fleury D. Clusters of genes encoding fructan biosynthesizing enzymes in wheat and barley. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 80:299-314. [PMID: 22864927 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-9949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fructans are soluble carbohydrates with health benefits and possible roles in plant adaptation. Fructan biosynthetic genes were isolated using comparative genomics and physical mapping followed by BAC sequencing in barley. Genes encoding sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST), fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (1-FFT) and sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT) were clustered together with multiple copies of vacuolar invertase genes and a transposable element on two barley BAC. Intron-exon structures of the genes were similar. Phylogenetic analysis of the fructosyltransferases and invertases in the Poaceae showed that the fructan biosynthetic genes may have evolved from vacuolar invertases. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using leaf RNA extracted from three wheat cultivars grown under different conditions. The 1-SST, 1-FFT and 6-SFT genes had correlated expression patterns in our wheat experiment and in existing barley transcriptome database. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed and successfully mapped to a major QTL region affecting wheat grain fructan accumulation in two independent wheat populations. The alleles controlling high- and low- fructan in parental lines were also found to be associated in fructan production in a diverse set of 128 wheat lines. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on the mapping and sequencing of a fructan biosynthetic gene cluster and in particular, the isolation of a novel 1-FFT gene from barley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Lam Huynh
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond 5064, South Australia,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Murgia I, Arosio P, Tarantino D, Soave C. Biofortification for combating 'hidden hunger' for iron. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 17:47-55. [PMID: 22093370 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies are responsible for so-called 'hidden undernutrition'. In particular, iron (Fe) deficiency adversely affects growth, immune function and can cause anaemia. However, supplementation of iron can exacerbate infectious diseases and current policies of iron therapy carefully evaluate the risks and benefits of these interventions. Here we review the approaches of biofortification of valuable crops for reducing 'hidden undernutrition' of iron in the light of the latest nutritional and medical advances. The increase of iron and prebiotics in edible parts of plants is expected to improve health, whereas the reduction of phytic acid concentration, in crops valuable for human diet, might be less beneficial for the developed countries, or for the developing countries exposed to endemic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Murgia
- Sezione di Fisiologia e Biochimica delle Piante, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lasseur B, Lothier J, Wiemken A, Van Laere A, Morvan-Bertrand A, den Ende WV, Prud'homme MP. Towards a better understanding of the generation of fructan structure diversity in plants: molecular and functional characterization of a sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT) cDNA from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:1871-85. [PMID: 21196473 PMCID: PMC3060680 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The main storage compounds in Lolium perenne are fructans with prevailing β(2-6) linkages. A cDNA library of L. perenne was screened using Poa secunda sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT) as a probe. A full-length Lp6-SFT clone was isolated as shown by heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris. High levels of Lp6-SFT transcription were found in the growth zone of elongating leaves and in mature leaf sheaths where fructans are synthesized. Upon fructan synthesis induction, Lp6-SFT transcription was high in mature leaf blades but with no concomitant accumulation of fructans. In vitro studies with the recombinant Lp6-SFT protein showed that both 1-kestotriose and 6G-kestotriose acted as fructosyl acceptors, producing 1- and 6-kestotetraose (bifurcose) and 6G,6-kestotetraose, respectively. Interestingly, bifurcose formation ceased and 6G,6-kestotetraose was formed instead, when recombinant fructan:fructan 6G-fructosyltransferase (6G-FFT) of L. perenne was introduced in the enzyme assay with sucrose and 1-kestotriose as substrates. The remarkable absence of bifurcose in L. perenne tissues might be explained by a higher affinity of 6G-FFT, as compared with 6-SFT, for 1-kestotriose, which is the first fructan formed. Surprisingly, recombinant 6-SFT from Hordeum vulgare, a plant devoid of fructans with internal glucosyl residues, also produced 6G,6-kestotetraose from sucrose and 6G-kestotriose. In the presence of recombinant L. perenne 6G-FFT, it produced 6G,6-kestotetraose from 1-kestotriose and sucrose, like L. perenne 6-SFT. Thus, we demonstrate that the two 6-SFTs have close catalytic properties and that the distinct fructans formed in L. perenne and H. vulgare can be explained by the presence of 6G-FFT activity in L. perenne and its absence in H. vulgare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Lasseur
- UMR INRA-UCBN 950 EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & nutritions NCS, Université de Caen, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Jérémy Lothier
- UMR INRA-UCBN 950 EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & nutritions NCS, Université de Caen, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Andres Wiemken
- Department of Botany, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 1, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Van Laere
- Department of Biology, Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology, Botany Institute, KULeuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annette Morvan-Bertrand
- UMR INRA-UCBN 950 EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & nutritions NCS, Université de Caen, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Department of Biology, Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology, Botany Institute, KULeuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie-Pascale Prud'homme
- UMR INRA-UCBN 950 EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & nutritions NCS, Université de Caen, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Expression and activity analysis of sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase from onion. N Biotechnol 2010; 27:324-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Yıldız S. The Metabolism of Fructooligosaccharides and Fructooligosaccharide-Related Compounds in Plants. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2010.518295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Yıldız
- a Süleyman Demirel University, Chemical Engineering Department , Çünür , Isparta , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee JM, Sathish P, Donaghy DJ, Roche JR. Plants modify biological processes to ensure survival following carbon depletion: a Lolium perenne model. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12306. [PMID: 20808836 PMCID: PMC2924894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants, due to their immobility, have evolved mechanisms allowing them to adapt to multiple environmental and management conditions. Short-term undesirable conditions (e.g. moisture deficit, cold temperatures) generally reduce photosynthetic carbon supply while increasing soluble carbohydrate accumulation. It is not known, however, what strategies plants may use in the long-term to adapt to situations resulting in net carbon depletion (i.e. reduced photosynthetic carbon supply and carbohydrate accumulation). In addition, many transcriptomic experiments have typically been undertaken under laboratory conditions; therefore, long-term acclimation strategies that plants use in natural environments are not well understood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was used as a model plant to define whether plants adapt to repetitive carbon depletion and to further elucidate their long-term acclimation mechanisms. Transcriptome changes in both lamina and stubble tissues of field-grown plants with depleted carbon reserves were characterised using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The RT-qPCR data for select key genes indicated that plants reduced fructan degradation, and increased photosynthesis and fructan synthesis capacities following carbon depletion. This acclimatory response was not sufficient to prevent a reduction (P<0.001) in net biomass accumulation, but ensured that the plant survived. CONCLUSIONS Adaptations of plants with depleted carbon reserves resulted in reduced post-defoliation carbon mobilization and earlier replenishment of carbon reserves, thereby ensuring survival and continued growth. These findings will help pave the way to improve plant biomass production, for either grazing livestock or biofuel purposes.
Collapse
|
21
|
De Canio M, D'Aguanno S, Sacchetti C, Petrucci F, Cavagni G, Nuccetelli M, Federici G, Urbani A, Bernardini S. Novel IgE recognized components of Lolium perenne pollen extract: comparative proteomics evaluation of allergic patients sensitization profiles. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:4383-91. [PMID: 19585971 DOI: 10.1021/pr900315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, proteomic investigation provided a powerful tool in molecular characterization of complex allergen sources with relevant implications in both diagnosis and immunotherapic treatment of allergies. We followed a proteomic approach to characterize ryegrass (Lolium perenne) pollen, a common cause of seasonal allergic diseases affecting an increasing part of world population. Peptide shotgun experiments performed on nanoLiquid Ultra Pressure Chromatography coupled with fast Q-TOF MS-MS/MS acquisition protocols (MS(E)) and 2-DE immunoblot combined with MALDI-TOF-TOF analysis allowed the detection of all previously identified ryegrass allergens. Comparative analysis of immunoblot highlighted a class of patients characterized by a more complex 2-DE pattern associated with increased levels of IgE antibodies and by higher susceptibility to multiple sensitization toward different allergen sources. Cluster analysis revealed that all these patients recognized profilin, considered the main cross-reactive allergen in grass pollen. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of other IgE reactive components in ryegrass pollen that might be involved in polysensitization, such as cyclophilin, fructosyltransferase and legumin-like protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele De Canio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Van den Ende W, Lammens W, Van Laere A, Schroeven L, Le Roy K. Donor and acceptor substrate selectivity among plant glycoside hydrolase family 32 enzymes. FEBS J 2009; 276:5788-98. [PMID: 19765078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant family 32 glycoside hydrolase enzymes include hydrolases (cell wall invertases, fructan exohydrolases, vacuolar invertases) and fructosyltransferases. These enzymes are very similar at the molecular and structural levels but are functionally different. Understanding the basis of the functional diversity in this family is a challenging task. By combining structural and site-directed mutagenesis data, Asp239 in AtcwINV1 was identified as an amino acid critical for binding and stabilizing sucrose. Plant fructan exohydrolases lack such an Asp239 equivalent. Substitution of Asp239 led to the loss of invertase activity, while its introduction in fructan exohydrolases increased invertase activity. Some fructan exohydrolases are inhibited by sucrose. The difference between the inhibitor (fructan exohydrolase) and the substrate (invertase) binding configurations of sucrose can be explained by the different orientation of Trp82. Furthermore, the evolutionary hydrolase/transferase transition could be mimicked and the difference between S-type fructosyltransferases (sucrose as donor) and F-type fructosyltransferases (fructan as donor) could be unravelled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wim Van den Ende
- K.U.Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology, Heverlee, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
del Viso F, Puebla AF, Fusari CM, Casabuono AC, Couto AS, Pontis HG, Hopp HE, Heinz RA. Molecular Characterization of a Putative Sucrose:Fructan 6-Fructosyltransferase (6-SFT) of the Cold-Resistant Patagonian Grass Bromus pictus Associated With Fructan Accumulation Under Low Temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 50:489-503. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
24
|
Lasseur B, Schroeven L, Lammens W, Le Roy K, Spangenberg G, Manduzio H, Vergauwen R, Lothier J, Prud'homme MP, Van den Ende W. Transforming a fructan:fructan 6G-fructosyltransferase from perennial ryegrass into a sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 149:327-39. [PMID: 18952861 PMCID: PMC2613749 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.125559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fructosyltransferases (FTs) synthesize fructans, fructose polymers accumulating in economically important cool-season grasses and cereals. FTs might be crucial for plant survival under stress conditions in species in which fructans represent the major form of reserve carbohydrate, such as perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Two FT types can be distinguished: those using sucrose (S-type enzymes: sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase [1-SST], sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase) and those using fructans (F-type enzymes: fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase [1-FFT], fructan:fructan 6G-fructosyltransferase [6G-FFT]) as preferential donor substrate. Here, we report, to our knowledge for the first time, the transformation of an F-type enzyme (6G-FFT/1-FFT) into an S-type enzyme (1-SST) using perennial ryegrass 6G-FFT/1-FFT (Lp6G-FFT/1-FFT) and 1-SST (Lp1-SST) as model enzymes. This transformation was accomplished by mutating three amino acids (N340D, W343R, and S415N) in the vicinity of the active site of Lp6G-FFT/1-FFT. In addition, effects of each amino acid mutation alone or in combination have been studied. Our results strongly suggest that the amino acid at position 343 (tryptophan or arginine) can greatly determine the donor substrate characteristics by influencing the position of the amino acid at position 340. Moreover, the presence of arginine-343 negatively affects the formation of neofructan-type linkages. The results are compared with recent findings on donor substrate selectivity within the group of plant cell wall invertases and fructan exohydrolases. Taken together, these insights contribute to our knowledge of structure/function relationships within plant family 32 glycosyl hydrolases and open the way to the production of tailor-made fructans on a larger scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Lasseur
- UMR INRA UCBN 950 EVA, Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCS, Université de Caen, 14032 Caen cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gadegaard G, Didion T, Folling M, Storgaard M, Andersen CH, Nielsen KK. Improved fructan accumulation in perennial ryegrass transformed with the onion fructosyltransferase genes 1-SST and 6G-FFT. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 165:1214-1225. [PMID: 17933422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2007.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate limitation has been identified as a main cause of inefficient nitrogen use in ruminant animals, which feed mainly on fresh forage, hay and silage. This inefficiency results in suboptimal meat and milk productivity. One important molecular breeding strategy is to improve the nutritional value of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) by increasing the fructan content through expression of heterologous fructan biosynthetic genes. We developed perennial ryegrass lines expressing sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase and fructan:fructan 6G-fructosyltransferase genes from onion (Allium cepa) which exhibited up to a 3-fold increased fructan content. Further, the high fructan content was stable during the growth period, whereas the fructan content in an elite variety, marketed as a high sugar variety, dropped rapidly after reaching its maximum and subsequently remained low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Gadegaard
- Department of Biosystems, Risoe National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xue GP, McIntyre CL, Jenkins CLD, Glassop D, van Herwaarden AF, Shorter R. Molecular dissection of variation in carbohydrate metabolism related to water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation in stems of wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 146:441-54. [PMID: 18083795 PMCID: PMC2245852 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.113076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2007] [Accepted: 12/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs; composed of mainly fructans, sucrose [Suc], glucose [Glc], and fructose) deposited in wheat (Triticum aestivum) stems are important carbon sources for grain filling. Variation in stem WSC concentrations among wheat genotypes is one of the genetic factors influencing grain weight and yield under water-limited environments. Here, we describe the molecular dissection of carbohydrate metabolism in stems, at the WSC accumulation phase, of recombinant inbred Seri/Babax lines of wheat differing in stem WSC concentrations. Affymetrix GeneChip analysis of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes revealed that the mRNA levels of two fructan synthetic enzyme families (Suc:Suc 1-fructosyltransferase and Suc:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase) in the stem were positively correlated with stem WSC and fructan concentrations, whereas the mRNA levels of enzyme families involved in Suc hydrolysis (Suc synthase and soluble acid invertase) were inversely correlated with WSC concentrations. Differential regulation of the mRNA levels of these Suc hydrolytic enzymes in Seri/Babax lines resulted in genotypic differences in these enzyme activities. Down-regulation of Suc synthase and soluble acid invertase in high WSC lines was accompanied by significant decreases in the mRNA levels of enzyme families related to sugar catabolic pathways (fructokinase and mitochondrion pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) and enzyme families involved in diverting UDP-Glc to cell wall synthesis (UDP-Glc 6-dehydrogenase, UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase, and cellulose synthase), resulting in a reduction in cell wall polysaccharide contents (mainly hemicellulose) in the stem of high WSC lines. These data suggest that differential carbon partitioning in the wheat stem is one mechanism that contributes to genotypic variation in WSC accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Ping Xue
- CSIRO Plant Industry, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hisano H, Kanazawa A, Yoshida M, Humphreys MO, Iizuka M, Kitamura K, Yamada T. Coordinated expression of functionally diverse fructosyltransferase genes is associated with fructan accumulation in response to low temperature in perennial ryegrass. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2008; 178:766-780. [PMID: 18346102 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
* Fructan is the major nonstructural carbohydrate reserve in temperate grasses. To understand regulatory mechanisms in fructan synthesis and adaptation to cold environments, the isolation, functional characterization and genetic mapping of fructosyltransferase (FT) genes in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are described. * Six cDNAs (prft1-prft6) encoding FTs were isolated from cold-treated ryegrass plants, and three were positioned on a perennial ryegrass linkage map. Recombinant proteins were produced in Pichia pastoris and enzymatic activity was characterized. Changes in carbohydrate levels and mRNA levels of FT genes during cold treatment were also analysed. * One gene encodes sucrose-sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST), and two gene encode fructan-fructan 6G-fructosyltransferase (6G-FFT). Protein sequences for the other genes (prfts 1, 2 and 6) were similar to sucrose-fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT). The 1-SST and prft1 genes were colocalized with an invertase gene on the ryegrass linkage map. The mRNA levels of prft1 and prft2 increased gradually during cold treatment, while those of the 1-SST and 6G-FFT genes first increased, but then decreased before increasing again during a longer period of cold treatment. * Thus at least two different patterns of gene expression have developed during the evolution of functionally diverse FT genes, which are associated in a coordinated way with fructan synthesis in a cold environment.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Chromosome Mapping
- Clone Cells
- Cold Temperature
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- DNA, Plant/metabolism
- Fructans/metabolism
- Gene Dosage
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genes, Plant
- Hexosyltransferases/chemistry
- Hexosyltransferases/genetics
- Lolium/enzymology
- Lolium/genetics
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hisano
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Akira Kanazawa
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Midori Yoshida
- National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan
| | - Mervyn O Humphreys
- Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Masaru Iizuka
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kitamura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamada
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0811, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ponting RC, Drayton MC, Cogan NOI, Dobrowolski MP, Spangenberg GC, Smith KF, Forster JW. SNP discovery, validation, haplotype structure and linkage disequilibrium in full-length herbage nutritive quality genes of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Mol Genet Genomics 2007; 278:585-97. [PMID: 17647019 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-007-0275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Development of accurate high-throughput molecular marker systems such as SNPs permits evaluation and selection of favourable gene variants to accelerate elite varietal production. SNP discovery in perennial ryegrass has been based on PCR amplification and sequencing of multiple amplicons designed to scan all components of the transcriptional unit. Full-length genes (with complete intron-exon structure and promoter information) corresponding to well-defined biochemical functions such as lignin biosynthesis and oligosaccharide metabolism are ideal for complete SNP haplotype determination. Multiple SNPs at regular intervals across the transcriptional unit were detected within and between the heterozygous parents and validated in the progeny of the F (1)(NA(6) x AU(6)) genetic mapping family. Haplotype structures in the parental genotypes were defined and haplotypic abundance, structure and variation were assessed in diverse germplasm sources. Decay of LD to r (2) values of c. 0.2 typically occurs over 500-3,000 bp, comparable with gene length and with little apparent variation between diverse, ecotypic and varietal population sub-groups. Similar patterns were revealed as limited blocks of intragenic LD. The results are compatible with the reproductive biology of perennial ryegrass and the effects of large ancestral population size. This analysis provides crucial information to validate strategies for correlation of haplotypic diversity and phenotypic variation through association mapping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Ponting
- Primary Industries Research Victoria, Victorian AgriBiosciences Centre, La Trobe Research and Development Park, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lasseur B, Lothier J, Morvan-Bertrand A, Escobar-Guttiérez A, Humphreys MO, Prud'homme MP. Impact of defoliation frequency on regrowth and carbohydrate metabolism in contrasting varieties of Lolium perenne. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2007; 34:418-430. [PMID: 32689369 DOI: 10.1071/fp06286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to gain a better understanding of fructan metabolism regulation during regrowth of Lolium perenne, and to evaluate the role of fructans of remaining tissues as well as carbon assimilation of new leaf tissues in refoliation. Two varieties that contrast for carbohydrate metabolism, Aurora and Perma, were subject to severe and frequent or infrequent defoliations before regrowth. Aurora, which had a greater content of fructans in leaf sheaths than Perma before defoliation, produced more leaf biomass within the 4 days following the first cut. At the end of the regrowth period, Aurora produced more leaf biomass than Perma. Photosynthetic parameters, which were barely affected by defoliation frequency, could not explain these differences. Fructan synthesising activities [sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST) and fructan:fructan 6G-fructosyltransferase (6G-FFT)], declined after defoliation. In elongating leaf bases, corresponding transcript levels did not decline concomitantly, suggesting a post-transcriptional regulation of expression, while in leaf sheaths the gene expression pattern mostly followed the time-course of the enzyme activities. Regulation of Lp1-SST and Lp6G-FFT gene expression depends, therefore, on the sink-source status of the tissue after defoliation. During the phase of reserve accumulation, fructosyltransferase activities together with corresponding transcripts increased more in frequently defoliated plants than in infrequently defoliated plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Lasseur
- UMR INRA-UCN 950 EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions NCS, Université de Caen, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen cedex, France
| | - Jérémy Lothier
- UMR INRA-UCN 950 EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions NCS, Université de Caen, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen cedex, France
| | - Annette Morvan-Bertrand
- UMR INRA-UCN 950 EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions NCS, Université de Caen, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen cedex, France
| | | | - Mervyn O Humphreys
- Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Marie-Pascale Prud'homme
- UMR INRA-UCN 950 EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions NCS, Université de Caen, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Francki MG, Walker E, Forster JW, Spangenberg G, Appels R. Fructosyltransferase and invertase genes evolved by gene duplication and rearrangements: rice, perennial ryegrass, and wheat gene families. Genome 2007; 49:1081-91. [PMID: 17110988 DOI: 10.1139/g06-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The invertase enzyme family is responsible for carbohydrate metabolism in rice, perennial ryegrass, and wheat. Fructan molecules accumulate in cell vacuoles of perennial ryegrass and wheat and are associated with abiotic stress tolerance. High levels of amino acid similarity between the fructosyltransferases responsible for fructan accumulation indicates that they may have evolved from invertase-like ancestral genes. In this study, we have applied comparative genomics to determine the mechanisms that lead to the evolution of fructosytransferase and invertase genes in rice, perennial ryegrass, and wheat. Duplications and rearrangements have been inferred to generate variant forms of the rice invertases since divergence from a common grass progenitor. The occurrence of multiple copies of fructosyltransferase genes indicated that duplication events continued during evolution of the wheat and perennial ryegrass lineages. Further gene rearrangements were evident in perennial ryegrass genes, albeit at a reduced level compared with the rice invertases. Gene orthologs were largely static after duplication during evolution of the wheat lineage. This study details evolutionary events that contribute to fructosyltransferase and invertase gene variation in grasses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Francki
- Western Australia Department of Agriculture, 3 Baron-Hay Ct, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ji X, Van den Ende W, Schroeven L, Clerens S, Geuten K, Cheng S, Bennett J. The rice genome encodes two vacuolar invertases with fructan exohydrolase activity but lacks the related fructan biosynthesis genes of the Pooideae. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2007; 173:50-62. [PMID: 17176393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01896.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
* Fructans are believed to contribute to cold and drought tolerance in several plant families (Poaceae, Asparagaceae and Asteraceae), but it is not clear why the ability to accumulate these polymers is found in some genera (e.g. Triticum) but not in others (e.g. Oryza). * As fructan biosynthesis enzymes (FBEs) evolved from vacuolar invertases (VINs), we searched the rice genome sequence for genes related to both FBE and VIN genes of wheat and other members of the Pooideae. We compared them at the levels of exon-intron structure, protein sequence, and the enzymatic properties of recombinant proteins after expression in the yeast Pichia pastoris. * We found that rice possesses two VIN genes (OsVIN1 and OsVIN2) and no FBE genes. FBE genes appear to have arisen in the Pooideae by a series of gene duplications from an ancestor of wheat TaVIN3. Recombinant TaVIN2, OsVIN1 and OsVIN2 behaved as invertases with no FBE activity, but possessed high fructan exohydrolase activity, especially OsVIN1. * The engineering of fructan accumulation into rice for greater stress tolerance could founder on endogenous exohydrolases, but the fact that OsVIN1 transcripts are absent from peduncles of well watered and drought-stressed plants removes one potential obstacle to this endeavour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Ji
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biochemistry Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang Y, Mian MAR, Bouton JH. Recent Molecular and Genomic Studies on Stress Tolerance of Forage and Turf Grasses. CROP SCIENCE 2006; 46:497-511. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2004.0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Zhang
- The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Inc.2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOklahoma73401
| | | | - J. H. Bouton
- The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Inc.2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOklahoma73401
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kawakami A, Yoshida M. Fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase, a key enzyme for biosynthesis of graminan oligomers in hardened wheat. PLANTA 2005; 223:90-104. [PMID: 16034592 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-005-0054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2005] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fructans play important roles not only as a carbon source for survival under persistent snow cover but also as agents that protect against various stresses in overwintering plants. Complex fructans having both beta-(2,1)- and beta-(2,6)-linked fructosyl units accumulate in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during cold hardening. We detected fructan: fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (1-FFT; EC 2.4.1.100) activity for catalyzing the formation and extension of beta-(2,1)-linked fructans in hardened wheat tissues, cloned cDNAs (wft3 and wft4) of 1-FFT, and analyzed the enzymatic properties of a wft3 recombinant protein (Wft3m) produced by yeast. Wft3m transferred beta-(2,1)-linked fructosyl units to phlein, an extension of sucrose through beta-(2,6)-linked fructosyl units, as well as to inulin, an extension of sucrose through beta-(2,1)-linked fructosyl units, but could not efficiently synthesize long inulin oligomers. Incubation of a mixture of Wft3m and another recombinant protein of wheat, sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT), with sucrose and 1-kestotriose produced fructans similar to those that accumulated in hardened wheat tissues. The results demonstrate that 1-FFT produces branches of beta-(2,1)-linked fructosyl units to phlein and graminan oligomers synthesized by 6-SFT and contributes to accumulation of fructans containing beta-(2,1)- and beta-(2,6)-linked fructosyl units. In combination with sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST; EC 2.4.1.99) and 6-SFT, 1-FFT is necessary for fructan synthesis in hardened wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kawakami
- Laboratory of Fungal Disease, Department of Plant Pathology, National Agricultural Research Center, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chalmers J, Lidgett A, Cummings N, Cao Y, Forster J, Spangenberg G. Molecular genetics of fructan metabolism in perennial ryegrass. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2005; 3:459-74. [PMID: 17173633 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fructans are the main storage carbohydrates of temperate grasses, sustaining regrowth immediately after defoliation, as well as contributing to the nutritive value of feed. Fructan metabolism is based on the substrate sucrose and involves fructosyltransferases (FTs) for biosynthesis and fructan exohydrolases (FEHs) for degradation. Sucrose is also utilized by invertases (INVs), which hydrolyse it into its constituent monosaccharides for use in metabolism. The isolation, molecular characterization, functional analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of genes encoding FTs, FEHs, and INVs from temperate grasses are reviewed, with an emphasis on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The roles these enzymes play in fructan accumulation and remobilization, and future biotechnological applications in molecular plant breeding are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaye Chalmers
- Plant Biotechnology Centre, Primary Industries Research Victoria, Department of Primary Industries and Molecular Plant Breeding CRC, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cogan NOI, Smith KF, Yamada T, Francki MG, Vecchies AC, Jones ES, Spangenberg GC, Forster JW. QTL analysis and comparative genomics of herbage quality traits in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2005; 110:364-380. [PMID: 15558228 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2004] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Genetic control of herbage quality variation was assessed through the use of the molecular marker-based reference genetic map of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and genomic DNA-derived simple sequence repeat-based (SSR) framework marker set was enhanced, with RFLP loci corresponding to genes for key enzymes involved in lignin biosynthesis and fructan metabolism. Quality traits such as crude protein (CP) content, estimated in vivo dry matter digestibility (IVVDMD), neutral detergent fibre content (NDF), estimated metabolisable energy (EstME) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content were measured by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis of herbage harvests. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed using single-marker regression, simple interval mapping and composite interval mapping approaches, detecting a total of 42 QTLs from six different sampling experiments varying by developmental stage (anthesis or vegetative growth), location or year. Coincident QTLs were detected on linkage groups (LGs) 3, 5 and 7. The region on LG3 was associated with variation for all measured traits across various experimental datasets. The region on LG7 was associated with variation for all traits except CP, and is located in the vicinity of the lignin biosynthesis gene loci xlpomt1 (caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase), xlpccr1 (cinnamoyl CoA-reductase) and xlpssrcad 2.1 (cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase). Comparative genomics analysis of these gene classes with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) provides evidence for conservation of gene order over evolutionary time and the basis for cross-specific genetic information transfer. The identification of co-location between QTLs and functionally associated genetic markers is critical for the implementation of marker-assisted selection programs and for linkage disequilibrium studies, which will enable future improvement strategies for perennial ryegrass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N O I Cogan
- Primary Industries Research Victoria, Plant Biotechnology Centre, La Trobe University, and Molecular Plant Breeding Cooperative Research Centre, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yoshida M, Lin D, Kawakami A. A mini exon in the sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase gene of wheat. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 161:1277-1279. [PMID: 15602819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2004.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported the cloning of a wheat sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST) cDNA, designated wft2. Wft2 proteins have fructosyltransferase enzyme activity and initiate fructan synthesis (Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 66 (2002) 2297). In the current study, we cloned a genomic DNA fragment carrying the full-length 1-SST gene from winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). The genomic 1-SST gene is 3326 bp in length and contains four exons and three introns. Exon 2 has only 9 bp. This sequence encodes a part of a beta-fructosidase motif (NDPNG), a highly conserved motif found in plant invertases. This is the first report of a mini exon, one of the smallest exons known in plants, being found in a genomic 1-SST gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Midori Yoshida
- National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Johnson X, Lidgett A, Chalmers J, Guthridge K, Jones E, Cummings N, Spangenberg G. Isolation and characterisation of an invertase cDNA from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 160:903-911. [PMID: 12964866 DOI: 10.1078/0176-1617-01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An invertase (LpFT2) cDNA from perennial ryegrass was isolated and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an ORF of 2016 bp encoding a protein of 671 amino acids. LpFT2 is 76% identical to sugarcane soluble acid invertase, and contains invertase and fructosyltransferase functional domains. LpFT2 is present as a single copy gene and maps to the distal region of LG6 in perennial ryegrass. The expression pattern analysis of LpFT2 revealed transcript accumulation in seedlings and in mature leaf sheaths. The LpFT2 recombinant protein expressed in yeast showed invertase and fructan exohydrolase-like activities with complete breakdown of sucrose, 1-kestose (DP3), 1,1-kestotetraose (DP4) and 1,1,1-kestopentaose (DP5) into glucose and fructose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xenie Johnson
- Plant Biotechnology Centre, Agriculture Victoria, Department of Primary Industries, CRC for Molecular Plant Breeding, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|