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Tarique M, Ali AH, Kizhakkayil J, Liu SQ, Oz F, Dertli E, Kamal-Eldin A, Ayyash M. Exopolysaccharides from Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus thermophilus: Bioactivities, gut microbiome effects, and fermented milk rheology. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101073. [PMID: 38235344 PMCID: PMC10792183 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are carbohydrate polymers that can be produced from probiotic bacteria. This study characterized the EPSs from Enterococcus faecium (EPS-LB13) and Streptococcus thermophilus (EPS-MLB10) and evaluated their biological and technological potential. The EPSs had high molecular weight and different monosaccharide compositions. The EPSs exhibited various biological activities at 250 mg/L, such as scavenging free radicals (10 % to 88.8 %), enhancing antioxidant capacity (714 to 2848 µg/mL), inhibiting pathogens (53 % to 74 %), and suppressing enzymes and cancer cells (2 % to 83 %), etc. The EPSs supported the growth of beneficial gut bacteria from Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Acinetobacter in fecal fermentation with total Short-chain fatty acids production from 5548 to 6023 PPM. Moreover, the EPSs reduced the gelation time of fermented skimmed bovine milk by more than half. These results suggest that the EPSs from LB13 and MLB10 have promising applications in the dairy and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Tarique
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdelmoneim H. Ali
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Jaleel Kizhakkayil
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shao-Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Enes Dertli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Afaf Kamal-Eldin
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mutamed Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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El Awady ME, Mohamed SS, Abo Elsoud MM, Mahmoud MG, Anwar MM, Ahmed MM, Eltaher A, Magdeldin S, Attallah A, Elhagry AE, Abdelhamid SA. Insight into antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of marine bacterial natural exopolysaccharide (EPSSM) using carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5113. [PMID: 38429312 PMCID: PMC10907693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a part of the body's intricate biological reaction to noxious stimuli and defensive reactions. So, the aim of this investigation was to study the anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide (EPSSM) using carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. A halophilic bacterial strain was isolated from marine sediments in the Red Sea in Egypt. The isolate has been visually and physiologically recognized, as well as by analyzing its 16S rRNA gene, which confirms Kocuria sp. clone Asker4. This particular isolate can be referenced using the accession number OL798051.1. EPSSM was subjected to purification and fractionation by a DEAE-cellulose column. Preliminary chemical analysis of EPSSM indicated that the monosaccharides were fructose, glucuronic acid, and xylose, with 2.0, 0.5, and 1.0, respectively. The antioxidant potential of EPSSM was investigated, and it was discovered that the level of activity increased independently of the concentrations, reaching a maximum threshold of 94.13% at 100 µg/mL of EPSSM for 120 min. Also, EPSSM at 50 mg/kg orally produced a significant anti-inflammatory effect on the carrageenan model at 2, 3, and 4 intervals. The EPSSM intervention resulted in reductions in the levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, as well as a decrease in glutathione. Furthermore, the levels of nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species resulting from carrageenan-induced edema showed a significant reduction subsequent to the administration of EPSSM. Moreover, the findings indicated that the protein expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-6 were reduced following treatment with EPSSM, resulting in a reduction of paw edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E El Awady
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar S Mohamed
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa M Abo Elsoud
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal G Mahmoud
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai M Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahgoub M Ahmed
- Molecular Drug Evaluation Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, 12553, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Eltaher
- Senior research associate at 57357 hospital Master of life science informatics at Bonn university, Bachelor of pharmaceutical sciences, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, 11441, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Attallah
- Microbial Genetics Department, National Research Center, El-Buhouth St. 33 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali E Elhagry
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sayeda A Abdelhamid
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Giordani B, Parolin C, Abruzzo A, Foschi C, Marangoni A, Luppi B, Vitali B. Limosilactobacillus vaginalis Exerts Bifidogenic Effects: A Novel Postbiotic Strategy for Infant Prebiotic Supplementation. Nutrients 2023; 15:4433. [PMID: 37892507 PMCID: PMC10609882 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant microbiota shaping strictly influences newborns' well-being and long-term health, and babies born by cesarean-section and formula-fed generally show low microbial gut diversity and are more prone to develop various disorders. The supplementation with beneficial microbes of vaginal origin or derivatives (postbiotics, including heat-inactivated cells) represents a valid strategy to drive the correct gut microbiota shaping. Here, we explored for the first time the bifidogenic activity of a heat-killed vaginal strain (Limosilactobacillus vaginalis BC17), in addition to the assessment of its safety. L. vaginalis BC17 whole genome was sequenced by Nanopore technology and highlighted the absence of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors, indicating the strain safety profile for human health. MIC values confirmed that L. vaginalis BC17 is susceptible to widely employed antibiotics. Heat-killed BC17 cells significantly enhanced the planktonic growth of Bifidobacterium spp. For the first time, stimulating effects were observed also toward biofilm formation of bifidobacteria and their pre-formed biofilms. Conversely, heat-killed BC17 cells exerted antibacterial and anti-biofilms activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Lyophilized heat-killed BC17 cells were formulated in a sunflower oil suspension (1010 heat-killed cell/g) intended for infant oral intake. This possessed optimal technological (i.e., re-dispersibility and stability) and functional properties (i.e., bifidogenic activity) that were maintained even after pre-digestion in acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (B.G.); (A.A.); (B.L.); (B.V.)
| | - Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (B.G.); (A.A.); (B.L.); (B.V.)
| | - Angela Abruzzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (B.G.); (A.A.); (B.L.); (B.V.)
| | - Claudio Foschi
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.F.); (A.M.)
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Marangoni
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Barbara Luppi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (B.G.); (A.A.); (B.L.); (B.V.)
| | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (B.G.); (A.A.); (B.L.); (B.V.)
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Giordani B, Naldi M, Croatti V, Parolin C, Erdoğan Ü, Bartolini M, Vitali B. Exopolysaccharides from vaginal lactobacilli modulate microbial biofilms. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:45. [PMID: 36890519 PMCID: PMC9993704 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exopolysaccharides (EPS) secreted by beneficial lactobacilli exert a plethora of positive activities, but little is known about their effects on biofilms of opportunistic vaginal pathogens and especially on biofilms of lactobacilli themselves. Here, the EPS produced by six vaginal lactobacilli, belonging to Lactobacillus crispatus (BC1, BC4, BC5) and Lactobacillus gasseri (BC9, BC12, BC14) species were isolated from cultural supernatants and lyophilized. RESULTS Lactobacillus EPS were chemically characterized in terms of monosaccharide composition by liquid chromatography (LC) analysis coupled to UV and mass spectrometry (MS) detection. Moreover, the ability of EPS (0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/mL) to stimulate the biofilm formation of lactobacilli and to inhibit the formation of pathogens' biofilms was evaluated by crystal violet (CV) staining and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Isolated EPS (yields 133-426 mg/L) were heteropolysaccharides mainly composed of D-mannose (40-52%) and D-glucose (11-30%). For the first time we demonstrated that Lactobacillus EPS were able to stimulate in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05) the formation of biofilms of ten strains belonging to L. crispatus, L. gasseri and Limosilactobacillus vaginalis species, in terms of cell viability (84-282% increase at 1 mg/mL) and especially biofilm biomass (40-195% increase at 1 mg/mL), quantified with MTT assay and CV staining, respectively. EPS released from L. crispatus and L. gasseri were found to better stimulate the biofilms of the same producer species rather than that of other species, including producing strains themselves and other strains. Conversely, the biofilm formation of bacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus agalactiae) and fungal (Candida spp.) pathogens was inhibited. The anti-biofilm activity was dose-dependent and was more marked for L. gasseri-derived EPS (inhibition up to 86%, 70%, and 58% at 1 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively), whilst L. crispatus-derived EPS resulted overall less efficient (inhibition up to 58% at 1 mg/mL and 40% at 0.5 mg/mL) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lactobacilli-derived EPS favour the biofilm formation of lactobacilli preventing, at the same time, that of opportunistic pathogens. These results support the possible employment of EPS as postbiotics in medicine as a therapeutic/preventive strategy to counteract vaginal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Naldi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vanessa Croatti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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The Profile of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Various Lactobacillus Species from Silage during Not-Fat Milk Fermentation. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and released into fermented milk play a protective role from stress factors as well as improve emulsifying and thickening properties of the product, reduce syneresis, and increase elasticity. Here we report the relationship between the properties, composition, and microstructure of EPS produced by six different strains of lactobacilli (L. bulgaricus and five strains isolated from silage). The presence of fructose together with negative-charged uronic acid was found to play a significant role in changing the EPS properties. Thus, the increased fraction of rhamnose and arabinose and a decrease in xylose leads to compaction of the EPS, decreased porosity and increased both OH- and superoxide scavenging and Fe-chelating activities. By contrast, increased xylose and low rhamnose and arabinose apparently leads to loss of large aggregates and high DPPH activity and FRAP. The high content of glucose, however, provides the formation of large pores. The increased fructan fraction (69.9 mol%) with a high fraction of galacturonic (18.2 mol%) and glucuronic acids (6.7 mol%) apparently determines the highly porous spongy-folded EPS microstructure. Taken together, our results indicate that both the quantitative characteristics of the individual components of the fraction and the structural features of EPS are important for the antioxidant potential of fermented milk and depend on the strain used for milk fermentation, suggesting the advantage of a multicomponent starter to achieve the optimal beneficial properties of fermented milk.
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Zhang X, Xu W, Ni D, Zhang W, Guang C, Mu W. Successful Manipulation of the Product Spectrum of the Erwinia amylovora Levansucrase by Modifying the Residues around loop1, Loop 3, and Loop 4. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:680-689. [PMID: 36538710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Levansucrase (LS, EC 2.4.1.10) catalyzes the synthesis of levan by successively transferring the fructosyl moiety from sucrose to an elongated fructan chain. Although the product distribution of LS from Erwinia amylovora (Ea-LS) was studied under different sucrose concentrations, the effect of residues on the product formation is yet unknown. The first levanhexaose-complexed structure of LS from Bacillus subtilis (Bs-SacB) provided information on the oligosaccharide binding sites (OB sites), from +1 to +4 subsites. Since Ea-LS would efficiently produce fructooligosaccharides, a substitution mutation of OB sites in Bs-SacB and the corresponding residues of Ea-LS were conducted to investigate how these mutants would influence the product distribution. As a result, a series of mutants with different product spectrum were obtained. Notably, the mutants of G98E, V151F, and N200T around loop 1, loop 3, and loop 4 all showed a significant increase in both the molecular mass and the yield of high-molecular-mass levan, suggesting that the product profile of Ea-LS was significantly modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Koziol SA, Oba PM, Soto-Diaz K, Steelman AJ, Suchodolski JS, Eckhardt ERM, Swanson KS. Effects of a Lactobacillus fermentation product on the fecal characteristics, fecal microbial populations, immune function, and stress markers of adult dogs. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad160. [PMID: 37208000 PMCID: PMC10237232 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to measure the effects of a Lactobacillus fermentation product (LBFP) on fecal characteristics and microbiota, blood biomarkers, immune function, and serum oxidative stress markers of adult dogs. Thirty adult beagle dogs [23 M, 7 F; mean age = 8.47 ± 2.65 yr old; mean BW = 15.43 ± 4.17 kg] were used in a completely randomized design study. All dogs were fed a basal diet to maintain BW for 5 wk, followed by baseline blood and fecal sample collections. Dogs remained on the same diet, but then were randomly assigned to a placebo (dextrose) or LBFP supplement (Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus delbrueckii). Both treatments were dosed at 4 mg/kg BW via gelatin capsule for 5 wk (n = 15/treatment). Fecal and blood samples were collected at that time. Change from baseline data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS 9.4, with P < 0.05 being significant and P < 0.10 being trends. Most circulating metabolites and immunoglobulins (Ig) were unaltered by treatment, but LBFP-supplemented dogs had lower changes in serum corticosteroid isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.10), and IgM (P < 0.10) than controls. The change in fecal scores tended to be lower (P = 0.068) in LBFP-supplemented dogs than controls, signifying firmer feces in LBFP-supplemented dogs. Regarding the fecal microbiota, alpha diversity indicators tended to be higher (P = 0.087) in LBFP-supplemented dogs than controls. One fecal bacterial phylum (Actinobacteriota) was altered by treatments, with its relative abundance tending to have a greater (P < 0.10) increase in controls than LBFP-supplemented dogs. Fifteen bacterial genera were altered (P < 0.05 or P < 0.10) by treatments, including relative abundances of fecal Peptoclostridium, Sarcina, and Faecalitalea that had a greater (P < 0.05) increase in controls than LBFP-supplemented dogs. In contrast, relative abundances of fecal Faecalibaculum, Bifidobacterium, and uncultured Butyricicoccaceae had a greater (P ≤ 0.05) increase in LBFP-supplemented dogs than controls. After week 5, dogs underwent transport stress (45-min vehicle ride) to assess oxidative stress markers. The change in serum superoxide dismutase after transport had a greater (P < 0.0001) increase in LBFP-supplemented dogs than controls. Our data suggest that LBFP may provide benefits to dogs by stabilizing stool quality, beneficially shifting fecal microbiota, and protecting against oxidative damage when subjected to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Koziol
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Patricia M Oba
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Katiria Soto-Diaz
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Kaur N, Dey P. Bacterial Exopolysaccharides as Emerging Bioactive Macromolecules: From Fundamentals to Applications. Res Microbiol 2022; 174:104024. [PMID: 36587857 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2022.104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are extracellular carbohydrate polymers forming capsules or slimy coating around the cells. EPS can be secreted by various bacterial genera that can help bacterial cells in attachment, environmental adaptation, stress tolerance and are an integral part of microbial biofilms. Several gut commensals (e.g., Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) produce EPS that possess diverse bioactivities. Bacterial EPS also has extensive commercial applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Owing to the structural and functional diversity, genetic and metabolic engineering strategies are currently employed to increase EPS production. Therefore, the current review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of bacterial exopolysaccharides, including their classification, source, biosynthetic pathways, and functions in the microbial community. The review also provides an overview of the diverse bioactivities of microbial EPS, including immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-cancer properties. Since several gut microbes are EPS producers and gut microbiota helps maintain a functional gut barrier, emphasis has been given to the intestinal-level bioactivities of the gut microbial EPS. Collectively, the review provides a comprehensive overview of microbial bioactive exopolysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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Characterization of levansucrase produced by novel Bacillus siamensis and optimization of culture condition for levan biosynthesis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12137. [PMID: 36544824 PMCID: PMC9761727 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Levan has attracted interest due to the potential health benefits associated with its prebiotic, biological, and functional properties. However, the production of levan is expensive due to its high resource requirements. With the growing demand for levan, it is vital to determine suitable cultivation condition for its production and reduce costs accordingly. The present study characterized the enzyme levansucrase produced by a novel strain of Bacillus siamensis and optimized the conditions for the biosynthesis of levansucrase and levan. The crude levansucrase enzyme production by B. siamensis was induced at a specific temperature in a medium containing different concentrations of sucrose, fructose, and glucose to evaluate transfructosylation and hydrolysis activities. Crude levansucrase significantly increased transfructosylation relative to hydrolysis activity at 37 °C in a medium containing 20% (w/v) sucrose. Both transfructosylation and hydrolysis activities were inhibited in glucose and fructose containing medium. Purification and characterization of the levansucrase were performed by precipitating the enzyme with ammonium sulfate solution, purified anion-exchange chromatography, and analyzed by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results showed the molecular weight of the enzyme to be approximately 30 kDa with specific activity at 15.95 U/mg, corresponding to a protein purification efficiency of 11.47 and a yield of 78.75%. The optimal culture condition for the purified-levansucrase activity for levan biosynthesis was obtained at 37 °C after 48 h, at pH 6.0 in 50 mM phosphate buffer and 20% (w/v) sucrose. The study demonstrated the optimized condition for levan biosynthesis utilizing the B. siamensis that can serve as a model for various commercial and industrial applications for efficient levan production.
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10
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Exopolysaccharides of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Production, Purification and Health Benefits towards Functional Food. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142938. [PMID: 35889895 PMCID: PMC9319976 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are capable of synthesising metabolites known as exopolysaccharides (EPS) during fermentation. Traditionally, EPS plays an important role in fermented dairy products through their gelling and thickening properties, but they can also be beneficial to human health. This bioactivity has gained attention in applications for functional foods, which leads them to have prebiotic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-tumour, cholesterol-lowering and anti-obesity activity. Understanding the parameters and conditions is crucial to optimising the EPS yields from LAB for applications in the food industry. This review provides an overview of the functional food market together with the biosynthesis of EPS. Factors influencing the production of EPS as well as methods for isolation, characterisation and quantification are reviewed. Finally, the health benefits associated with EPS are discussed.
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Bozdemir M, Gümüş T, Altan Kamer DD. Technological and beneficial features of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Boza A cereal-based fermented beverage. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2022.2092128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Bozdemir
- Agriculture Faculty, Department of Food Engineering, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Gümüş
- Agriculture Faculty, Department of Food Engineering, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Deniz Damla Altan Kamer
- Agriculture Faculty, Department of Food Engineering, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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12
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Werning ML, Hernández-Alcántara AM, Ruiz MJ, Soto LP, Dueñas MT, López P, Frizzo LS. Biological Functions of Exopolysaccharides from Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Potential Benefits for Humans and Farmed Animals. Foods 2022; 11:1284. [PMID: 35564008 PMCID: PMC9101012 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPS), which are structurally diverse biopolymers with a broad range of technological properties and bioactivities. There is scientific evidence that these polymers have health-promoting properties. Most commercialized probiotic microorganisms for consumption by humans and farmed animals are LAB and some of them are EPS-producers indicating that some of their beneficial properties could be due to these polymers. Probiotic LAB are currently used to improve human health and for the prevention and treatment of specific pathologic conditions. They are also used in food-producing animal husbandry, mainly due to their abilities to promote growth and inhibit pathogens via different mechanisms, among which the production of EPS could be involved. Thus, the aim of this review is to discuss the current knowledge of the characteristics, usage and biological role of EPS from LAB, as well as their postbiotic action in humans and animals, and to predict the future contribution that they could have on the diet of food animals to improve productivity, animal health status and impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Werning
- Laboratory of Food Analysis “Rodolfo Oscar DALLA SANTINA”, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National, Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza 3080, SF, Argentina; (M.J.R.); (L.P.S.); (L.S.F.)
| | - Annel M. Hernández-Alcántara
- Department of Microorganisms and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.H.-A.); (P.L.)
| | - María Julia Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Analysis “Rodolfo Oscar DALLA SANTINA”, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National, Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza 3080, SF, Argentina; (M.J.R.); (L.P.S.); (L.S.F.)
- Department of Animal Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of the Center of the Province of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 7000, Argentina
| | - Lorena Paola Soto
- Laboratory of Food Analysis “Rodolfo Oscar DALLA SANTINA”, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National, Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza 3080, SF, Argentina; (M.J.R.); (L.P.S.); (L.S.F.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University, Esperanza 3038, Argentina
| | - María Teresa Dueñas
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Paloma López
- Department of Microorganisms and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.H.-A.); (P.L.)
| | - Laureano Sebastián Frizzo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis “Rodolfo Oscar DALLA SANTINA”, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National, Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza 3080, SF, Argentina; (M.J.R.); (L.P.S.); (L.S.F.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University, Esperanza 3038, Argentina
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Pourjafar H, Ansari F, Sadeghi A, Samakkhah SA, Jafari SM. Functional and health-promoting properties of probiotics' exopolysaccharides; isolation, characterization, and applications in the food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8194-8225. [PMID: 35266799 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2047883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are extracellular sugar metabolites/polymers of some slim microorganisms and, a wide variety of probiotics have been broadly investigated for their ability to produce EPS. EPS originated from probiotics have potential applications in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetology, wastewater treatment, and textiles industries, nevertheless slight is recognized about their function. The present review purposes to comprehensively discuss the structure, classification, biosynthesis, extraction, purification, sources, health-promoting properties, techno-functional benefits, application in the food industry, safety, toxicology, analysis, and characterization methods of EPS originated from probiotic microorganisms. Various studies have shown that probiotic EPS used as stabilizers, emulsifiers, gelling agents, viscosifiers, and prebiotics can alter the nutritional, texture, and rheological characteristics of food and beverages and play a major role in improving the quality of these products. Numerous studies have also proven the beneficial health effects of probiotic EPS, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antibiofilm, antiulcer, and antitoxin activities. Although the use of probiotic EPS has health effects and improves the organoleptic and textural properties of food and pharmaceutical products and there is a high tendency for their use in related industries, the production yield of these products is low and requires basic studies to support their products in large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Pourjafar
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Ansari
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadeghi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shohre Alian Samakkhah
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary of Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technology, Amol, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Mummaleti G, Sarma C, Kalakandan SK, Gazula H, Sivanandham V, Anandharaj A. Characterization of levan produced from coconut inflorescence sap using Bacillus subtilis and its application as a sweetener. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Nguyen PT, Nguyen TT, Nguyen TTU, Hoang QK, Nguyen HT. Improve the viability and extracellular polymeric substances bioactivity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VAL6 using the environmental adaptation. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Pendón MD, Bengoa AA, Iraporda C, Medrano M, Garrote GL, Abraham AG. Water kefir: Factors affecting grain growth and health-promoting properties of the fermented beverage. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 133:162-180. [PMID: 34822204 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the interest in the consumption of healthy foods has increased as well as the homemade preparation of artisanal fermented product. Water kefir is an ancient drink of uncertain origin, which has been passed down from generation to generation and is currently consumed practically all over the world. Considering the recent and extensive updates published on sugary kefir, this work aims to shed light on the scientific works that have been published so far in relation to this complex ecosystem. We focused our review evaluating the factors that affect the beverage microbial and chemical composition that are responsible for the health attribute of water kefir as well as the grain growth. The microbial ecosystem that constitutes the grains and the fermented consumed beverage can vary according to the fermentation conditions (time and temperature) and especially with the use of different substrates (source of sugars, additives as fruits and molasses). In this sense, the populations of microorganisms in the beverage as well as the metabolites that they produce varies and in consequence their health properties. Otherwise, the knowledge of the variables affecting grain growth are also discussed for its relevance in maintenance of the starter biomass as well as the use of dextran for technological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Pendón
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA, UNLP-CIC-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ana Agustina Bengoa
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA, UNLP-CIC-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Iraporda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería, UNCPBA, Olavarría, Argentina
| | - Micaela Medrano
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA, UNLP-CIC-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Graciela L Garrote
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA, UNLP-CIC-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Analía G Abraham
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA, UNLP-CIC-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Área Bioquímica y Control de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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Prete R, Alam MK, Perpetuini G, Perla C, Pittia P, Corsetti A. Lactic Acid Bacteria Exopolysaccharides Producers: A Sustainable Tool for Functional Foods. Foods 2021; 10:1653. [PMID: 34359523 PMCID: PMC8305620 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in the food industry, mainly for the production of dairy products, are able to synthetize exopolysaccharides (EPS). EPS play a central role in the assessment of rheological and sensory characteristics of dairy products since they positively influence texture and organoleptic properties. Besides these, EPS have gained relevant interest for pharmacological and nutraceutical applications due to their biocompatibility, non-toxicity and biodegradability. These bioactive compounds may act as antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, antimicrobial and prebiotic agents. This review provides an overview of exopolysaccharide-producing LAB, with an insight on the factors affecting EPS production, their dairy industrial applications and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Prete
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.K.A.); (P.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Mohammad Khairul Alam
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.K.A.); (P.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Giorgia Perpetuini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.K.A.); (P.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Carlo Perla
- Dalton Biotecnologie srl, Spoltore, 65010 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Paola Pittia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.K.A.); (P.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.K.A.); (P.P.); (A.C.)
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Liyaskina EV, Rakova NA, Kitykina AA, Rusyaeva VV, Toukach PV, Fomenkov A, Vainauskas S, Roberts RJ, Revin VV. Production and сharacterization of the exopolysaccharide from strain Paenibacillus polymyxa 2020. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253482. [PMID: 34228741 PMCID: PMC8259973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus spp. exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have become a growing interest recently as a source of biomaterials. In this study, we characterized Paenibacillus polymyxa 2020 strain, which produces a large quantity of EPS (up to 68 g/L),and was isolated from wasp honeycombs. Here we report its complete genome sequence and full methylome analysis detected by Pacific Biosciences SMRT sequencing. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis identified a putative levan synthetic operon. SacC and sacB genes have been cloned and their products identified as glycoside hydrolase and levansucrase respectively. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra demonstrated that the EPS is a linear β-(2→6)-linked fructan (levan). The structure and properties of levan polymer produced from sucrose and molasses were analyzed by FT-IR, NMR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cytotoxicity tests and showed low toxicity and high biocompatibility. Thus, P. polymyxa 2020 could be an exceptional cost-effective source for the industrial production of levan-type EPSs and to obtain functional biomaterials based on it for a broad range of applications, including bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Liyaskina
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Biochemistry of the National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
- * E-mail: (EVL); (AF); (VVR)
| | - Nadezhda A. Rakova
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Biochemistry of the National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Alevtina A. Kitykina
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Biochemistry of the National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Valentina V. Rusyaeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Biochemistry of the National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Philip V. Toukach
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Fomenkov
- New England Biolabs Inc., Ipswich, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EVL); (AF); (VVR)
| | | | | | - Victor V. Revin
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Biochemistry of the National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
- * E-mail: (EVL); (AF); (VVR)
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Exopolysaccharides produced by Pediococcus acidilactici MT41-11 isolated from camel milk: Structural characteristics and bioactive properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:1036-1049. [PMID: 34175337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the chemical structure and bioactive properties of the EPS of Pediococcus acidilactici MT41-11 isolated from camel milk were investigated. Two polysaccharide fractions (EPS-1, EPS-2) with molecular weights about 69.0 kDa were obtained, which were purified using DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. Based on monosaccharide composition, FT-IR, and 1D, 2D NMR spectra, concluded that EPS-1 had a backbone composed of →2)-α-d-Manp-(1→, →3)-α-d-Manp-(1→ and with branches containing α-d-Manp-(1→, EPS-2 had a backbone composed of →6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, and with branches containing →2)-α-l-Fucp-(1→, →3)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, →2)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, β-d-Glcp-(1→, and α-d-Glcp-(1→. Remarkably, in vitro assays showed that EPS possessed multiple bioactive properties, including stimulating Lactobacillus growth and a high DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Also, it has a good ability to anti-biofilms. Overall, the analysis of all data showed EPS from P. acidilactici MT41-11 can be used as anti-oxidant, anti-biofilm agent, and also as a potential candidate prebiotic for health food or medicine industry.
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The Immunomodulatory Properties of β-2,6 Fructans: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041309. [PMID: 33921025 PMCID: PMC8071392 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides such as β-2,1-linked fructans including inulin or fructose oligosaccharides are well-known prebiotics with recognised immunomodulatory properties. In recent years, other fructan types covering β-2,6-linked fructans, particularly microbial levans, have gained increasing interest in the field. β-2,6-linked fructans of different degrees of polymerisation can be synthesised by plants or microbes including those that reside in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for these β-2,6 fructans in modulating immune function. Here, we provide an overview of the sources and structures of β-2,6 fructans from plants and microbes and describe their ability to modulate immune function in vitro and in vivo along with the suggested mechanisms underpinning their immunomodulatory properties. Further, we discuss the limitations and perspectives pertinent to current studies and the potential applications of β-2,6 fructans including in gut health.
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Navarra P, Milleri S, Perez Iii M, Uboldi MC, Pellegrino P, Bois De Fer B, Morelli L. Kinetics of Intestinal Presence of Spores Following Oral Administration of Bacillus clausii Formulations: Three Single-Centre, Crossover, Randomised, Open-Label Studies. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 46:375-384. [PMID: 33683700 PMCID: PMC8093150 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Probiotics are live microorganisms that may provide benefits including the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders and other diseases. Enterogermina is a probiotic mix of spores from four strains of Bacillus clausii (O/C, T, N/R and SIN), available in several oral formulations. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate and compare the kinetic profiles of different formulations of Enterogermina-vial [E4 once daily (OD) and E2 twice daily (BID)], capsule [EC2 three times daily (TID)], oral powder for suspension (ES6 OD) and oral powder not requiring suspension (E6 OD) from two studies from 2012 (EUDRACT 2010-024497-19 and 2010-023187-41) and one study from 2016 (EUDRACT 2015-003330-27). METHODS B. clausii spores were counted in homogenised faecal samples (results expressed as counts per gram) or after culture at 37 °C for 24-36 h (results expressed as colony-forming units). Kinetics were assessed by area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax) and spore presence/persistence. RESULTS In total, 22 subjects in each of the 2012 studies and 30 subjects in the 2016 study were randomised (mean age 25.0-33.8 years across studies). The mean (±SD) absolute faecal spore counts (in millions) expressed as AUC per hour were 270.7 ± 147.7 (E2 BID) and 213.8 ± 60.2 (E4 OD) in 2012 EGKINETIC4, 312.7 ± 218.0 (EC2 TID) and 319.0 ± 221.1 (ES6 OD) in 2012 EGKINETIC6, and 212.6 ± 118.0 (E6 OD) and 293.2 ± 247.2 (ES6 OD) in 2016 EGKINETIC6OP. The kinetic profiles of the different formulations of Enterogermina were similar, with superimposable AUC and daily curve profiles in each study up to the 8th day post dose. B. clausii spore presence/persistence in the intestine of healthy volunteers did not differ between the two formulations within each of the three studies. Enterogermina was well tolerated across all formulations and studies. CONCLUSION These results show different formulations of Enterogermina had similar kinetic profiles within each study; however, they also showed that probiotics could be associated with high variability. The European Medicines Agency guidelines are the current bioequivalence reference, although only the Tmax parameter is used for high variability drugs. Due to the specific kinetics of probiotics, new parameters of bioequivalence could be necessary, considering, for example, variability via a parameter such as AUC. TRIAL REGISTRATION EUDRACT 2010-024497-19, 2010-023187-41 and 2015-003330-27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Navarra
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Healthcare surveillance and Bioethics, Catholic University Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marcos Perez Iii
- Global Medical, Consumer Healthcare, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Beatrice Bois De Fer
- Sanofi Consumer Health Care Analytical and Scientific Platforms, Sanofi Clinical Sciences and Operations, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Morelli
- DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, CR, Italy
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Effects of GSM 1800 band radiation on composition, structure and bioactivity of exopolysaccharides produced by yoghurt starter cultures. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:1697-1706. [PMID: 33459814 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of GSM 1800 band radiation on composition, structure and bioactivity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus were determined. For this, GSM 1800 band radiation was applied to both cultures and characteristics of EPSs extracted from the control groups (K) and the radiation stressed groups (R) were determined. An alteration in the chemical composition of the EPSs was observed and EPS production levels and molecular weights of the EPSs increased following the GSM 1800 band radiation application. Alterations in the functional groups, thermal and morphological characteristics of EPSs following the GSM 1800 band radiation application were confirmed by FTIR, TGA and SEM analysis, respectively. Importantly no alterations in the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the EPSs were observed following the radiation application. These results suggested the effects of the GSM radiation on final characteristics of EPSs from yogurt starter cultures.
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Cheng R, Cheng L, Zhao Y, Wang L, Wang S, Zhang J. Biosynthesis and prebiotic activity of a linear levan from a new Paenibacillus isolate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:769-787. [PMID: 33404835 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Levan, a type of β (2→6)-linked fructan, is a promising biopolymer with distinct properties and extensive applications in the fields of food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, etc. However, the commercial availability of levan is still limited due to the relatively high production costs. Here, a new Paenibacillus sp. strain FP01 was isolated and identified as an efficient fructan producer with high yield (around 89.5 g/L fructan was obtained under 180 g/L sucrose) and conversation rate (49.7%). The fructan named Plev was structurally characterized as a linear levan-type fructan with a molecular mass of 3.11 × 106 Da. Aqueous solutions of Plev exhibited a non-Newtonian behavior at concentrations 3-5%. Heating and chilling had no obvious effects on apparent viscosities of Plev solutions. Plev also had good rheological stabilities toward pH (3-11) and metal salts (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+). Microbiome and metabolome analysis showed that Plev intervention increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and elevated the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces of mice. Taken together, Plev could be considered a potential thickener and prebiotic supplement in food industry.Key points• Paenibacillus sp. strain FP01 was identified as a high-efficient levan producer.• The levan Plev from FP01 exhibited good rheological properties and stabilities.• The in vivo prebiotic activities of linear levan were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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Oerlemans MM, Akkerman R, Ferrari M, Walvoort MT, de Vos P. Benefits of bacteria-derived exopolysaccharides on gastrointestinal microbiota, immunity and health. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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25
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Nguyen PT, Nguyen TT, Bui DC, Hong PT, Hoang QK, Nguyen HT. Exopolysaccharide production by lactic acid bacteria: the manipulation of environmental stresses for industrial applications. AIMS Microbiol 2020; 6:451-469. [PMID: 33364538 PMCID: PMC7755584 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are biological polymers secreted by microorganisms including Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to cope with harsh environmental conditions. EPSs are one of the main components involved in the formation of extracellular biofilm matrix to protect microorganisms from adverse factors such as temperature, pH, antibiotics, host immune defenses, etc.. In this review, we discuss EPS biosynthesis; the role of EPSs in LAB stress tolerance; the impact of environmental stresses on EPS production and on the expression of genes involved in EPS synthesis. The evaluation results indicated that environmental stresses can alter EPS biosynthesis in LAB. For further studies, environmental stresses may be used to generate a new EPS type with high biological activity for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu-Tho Nguyen
- Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
- Department of Biotechnology, An Giang University, An Giang, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tho-Thi Nguyen
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duc-Cuong Bui
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Phuoc-Toan Hong
- LAVI's Institute for Agricultural Science and Plant Breeding, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quoc-Khanh Hoang
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huu-Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, An Giang University, An Giang, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Zhou Y, Ni X, Duan L, Niu L, Liu Q, Zeng Y, Wang Q, Wang J, Khalique A, Pan K, Jing B, Zeng D. Lactobacillus plantarum BSGP201683 Improves the Intestinal Barrier of Giant Panda Microbiota-Associated Mouse Infected by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:664-676. [PMID: 33190214 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Giant pandas often suffered from gastrointestinal disease, especially the captive sub-adult one. Our study aims to investigate whether L. plantarum G83, a good panda-derived probiotic, can improve the intestinal barrier against the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (E. coli K88) infection in giant panda microbiota-associated mice (GPAM). We treated SPF mice with antibiotics cocktail and transplanted the giant panda intestinal microbiota to set up a GPAM. Our results demonstrated that the microbiota of GPAM changed over time and was relatively stable in the short-term experiment (2-4 weeks). Whereafter, the GPAM pretreated with L. plantarum G83 for 15 days and infected with enterotoxigenic E. coli K88. The result indicated that the number of Bifidobacteria spp. increased in GPAM-G and GPAM-GE groups; the Lactobacillus spp. only increased in the GPAM-G group. Although the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae spp. only decreased in the GPAM-G group, the copy number of Escherichia coli in the GPAM-E group was significantly lower than that in the other groups. Meanwhile, the L. plantarum G83-induced alteration of microbiota could increase the mRNA expression of Claudin-1, Zo-1, and Occludin-1 in the GPAM-G group in the ileum; only Occludin-1 was increased in the GPAM-GE group. The sIgA in the ileum showed a positive response, also the result of body weight and histology in both the GPAM-G and GPAM-GE group. These results indicated that the L. plantarum G83 could improve the intestinal barrier to defense the enterotoxigenic E. coli K88 invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Duan
- Qu Country Extension Station for Animal Husbandry Technology, Dazhou, 635299, Sichuan, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Chengdu Wildlife Institute, Chengdu Zoo, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Chengdu Wildlife Institute, Chengdu Zoo, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Abdul Khalique
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Ma C, Guo H, Chang H, Huang S, Jiang S, Huo D, Zhang J, Zhu X. The effects of exopolysaccharides and exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus on the intestinal microbiome of zebrafish (Danio rerio). BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:300. [PMID: 33023493 PMCID: PMC7539446 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have reported the health-promoting effects of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) in in vitro models; however, a functional evaluation of EPSs will provide additional knowledge of EPS-microbe interactions by in vivo intestinal microbial model. In the present study, high-throughput amplicon sequencing, short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) and intestinal inflammation evaluation were performed to explore the potential benefits of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) and EPS-producing Lactobacillus (HNUB20 group) using the healthy zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. RESULTS The results based on microbial taxonomic analysis revealed that the abundance of four genera, Ochrobactrum, Sediminibacterium, Sphingomonas and Sphingobium, were increased in the control group in comparison to HNUB20 group. Pelomonas spp. levels were significantly higher and that of the genera Lactobacillus and Brachybacterium were significantly decreased in EPS group compared with control group. PICRUSt based functional prediction of gut microbiota metabolic pathways indicated that significantly lower abundance was found for transcription, and membrane transport, whereas folding, sorting and degradation and energy metabolism had significantly higher abundance after HNUB20 treatment. Two metabolic pathways, including metabolism and endocrine functions, were more abundant in the EPS group than control group. Similar to the HNUB20 group, transcription was also decreased in the EPS group compared with the control group. However, SCFAs and immune indexes indicated EPS and HNUB20 performed limited efficacy in the healthy zebrafish. CONCLUSIONS The present intestinal microbial model-based study indicated that EPSs and high-yield EPS-producing Lactobacillus can shake the structure of intestinal microbiota, but cannot change SCFAs presence and intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Hongyang Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Shi Huang
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiming Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Dongxue Huo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, P. R. China.
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Lebas M, Garault P, Carrillo D, Codoñer FM, Derrien M. Metabolic Response of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii to Cell-Free Supernatants from Lactic Acid Bacteria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101528. [PMID: 33027936 PMCID: PMC7650636 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in preventive or therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota is increasing. Such strategies may involve the direct replenishment of the gut microbiota with single strains or strain mixtures, or the manipulation of strain abundance through dietary intervention, including lactic acid bacteria. A few candidate species associated with health benefits have been identified, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Given its growth requirements, modulation of this bacterium has not been extensively studied. In this investigation, we explored the capacity of cell-free supernatants of different Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, and Bifidobacterium strains to stimulate the growth of F. prausnitzii A2-165. Modulation by four strains with the greatest capacity to stimulate growth or delay lysis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CNCM I-1631, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris CNCM I-3558, Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-3689, and Streptococcus thermophilus CNCM I-3862, was further characterized by transcriptomics. The response of F. prausnitzii to cell-free supernatants from these four strains revealed several shared characteristics, in particular, upregulation of carbohydrate metabolism and cell wall-related genes and downregulation of replication and mobilome genes. Overall, this study suggests differential responses of F. prausnitzii to metabolites produced by different strains, providing protection against cell death, with an increase in peptidoglycan levels for cell wall formation, and reduced cell mobilome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Lebas
- Danone Nutricia Research, RD 128 Avenue de la Vauve, 91767 Palaiseau Cédex, France; (M.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Peggy Garault
- Danone Nutricia Research, RD 128 Avenue de la Vauve, 91767 Palaiseau Cédex, France; (M.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Daniel Carrillo
- Archer Daniels Midland Co-Biopolis ADM Nutrition, C/Catedratico Agustin Escardino num 9 Edif 2, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Francisco M. Codoñer
- Archer Daniels Midland Co-Biopolis ADM Nutrition, C/Catedratico Agustin Escardino num 9 Edif 2, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
- Present Address: Danone Nutricia Research, 30th Biopolis Street Matrix Building, Singapore 138671, Singapore
- Correspondence: (F.M.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Muriel Derrien
- Danone Nutricia Research, RD 128 Avenue de la Vauve, 91767 Palaiseau Cédex, France; (M.L.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: (F.M.C.); (M.D.)
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29
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Xu X, Peng Q, Zhang Y, Tian D, Zhang P, Huang Y, Ma L, Dia VP, Qiao Y, Shi B. Antibacterial potential of a novel Lactobacillus casei strain isolated from Chinese northeast sauerkraut and the antibiofilm activity of its exopolysaccharides. Food Funct 2020; 11:4697-4706. [PMID: 32406901 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00905a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus spp., as probiotics, have shown efficacy in the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus casei NA-2, which was isolated from northeast sauerkraut in China. The results of co-culture suggested that L. casei NA-2 could inhibit the growth of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Moreover, L. casei NA-2 could adhere to the four pathogenic bacteria potentially associated with its exopolysaccharide (EPS). EPS from L. casei NA-2 was then isolated and its activity determined. The results showed that EPS inhibited the biofilms of B. cereus, S. aureus, S. typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7, with the highest inhibition ratios of 95.5% ± 0.1%, 30.2% ± 3.3%, 14.3% ± 0.6%, and 16.9% ± 5.4%, respectively. Moreover, EPS was able to disperse B. cereus, S. aureus, S. typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 by 94.1% ± 1.2%, 31.8% ± 8.6%, 40.8% ± 3.3% and 49.6% ± 3.8%, respectively. Results showed that EPS from L. casei NA-2 have potential antibacterial properties by inhibiting biofilm formation and dispersing pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, the antibiofilm property of the EPS on the surface of L. casei NA-2 is one of the possible reasons for antibacterial activity of L. casei NA-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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30
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Bancalari E, Castellone V, Bottari B, Gatti M. Wild Lactobacillus casei Group Strains: Potentiality to Ferment Plant Derived Juices. Foods 2020; 9:foods9030314. [PMID: 32182865 PMCID: PMC7142771 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant derived beverages have recently gained consumers’ interest, particularly due to their intrinsic functional properties. They can also act as non-dairy carriers for probiotics and prebiotics, meeting the needs of lactose allergic/intolerant people and vegans. Direct fermentation of fruit and vegetables juices by probiotic lactic acid bacteria could be a tool to increase safety, shelf-life, nutrients bioavailability and to improve sensorial features of plant derived juices. This study aims to screen wild Lactobacillus casei-group strains isolated from dairy matrices for probiotic features, such as acid and bile salts resistance, and test them for the potentiality to ferment celery and orange juices. Strains’ ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) in situ is also checked. These evaluations were performed for the first time in fruit and vegetables matrices by means of an impedometric analysis, recently shown to be a suitable and rapid method to measure microorganisms’ growth, acidification performances and EPS production. This study allowed the selection of three potentially probiotic L. casei-group wild strains able to ferment fruit and vegetable juices and also producing EPS. These strains with three-in-one abilities could be used to produce new functional fermented plant derived juices.
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31
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In vitro digestion and fermentation of released exopolysaccharides (r-EPS) from Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus SRFM-1. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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32
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Liu C, Kolida S, Charalampopoulos D, Rastall RA. An evaluation of the prebiotic potential of microbial levans from Erwinia sp. 10119. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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33
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Role of levan extracted from bacterial honey isolates in curing peptic ulcer: In vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:564-573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Effect of exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis on the processing properties of wheat doughs. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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35
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Wang B, Song Q, Zhao F, Han Y, Zhou Z. Production optimization, partial characterization and properties of an exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus sakei L3. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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36
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Sasaki D, Sasaki K, Kadowaki Y, Aotsuka Y, Kondo A. Bifidogenic and butyrogenic effects of young barely leaf extract in an in vitro human colonic microbiota model. AMB Express 2019; 9:182. [PMID: 31721000 PMCID: PMC6854142 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Young barley leaf extract (YBL) contains beneficial substances such as fructans, minerals, and vitamins. The effects of YBL administration on the human colonic microbiota and its production of metabolites were evaluated using an in vitro model culture system. Fermentations were started by inoculating fecal samples from nine healthy subjects, with or without 1.5% YBL. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing results confirmed that YBL administration significantly increased the relative abundances of bacteria related to the genus Bifidobacterium (p = 0.001, paired t-test) and those of the genera Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Unclassified Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospira (p = 0.013, p = 0.019, p = 0.028, and p = 0.034, respectively, paired t-test). Increased abundances of the latter genera corresponded to increased butyrate production in human colonic microbiota models following fermentation with 1.5% YBL, when compared to fermentation without 1.5% YBL (p = 0.006, Dunnett's test). In addition, YBL administration significantly increased the production levels of amino acids such as lysine, glutamate, serine, threonine, alanine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, and phenylalanine. Therefore, our results showed the health-promoting bifidogenic and butyrogenic effects of YBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Kengo Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Yasushi Kadowaki
- JPD Co., Ltd., 7-98 Kita-Itami, Itami-shi, Hyogo, 664-0831 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Aotsuka
- JPD Co., Ltd., 7-98 Kita-Itami, Itami-shi, Hyogo, 664-0831 Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
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A close look at the structural features and reaction conditions that modulate the synthesis of low and high molecular weight fructans by levansucrases. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 219:130-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Xu Y, Cui Y, Yue F, Liu L, Shan Y, Liu B, Zhou Y, Lü X. Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria: Structures, physiochemical functions and applications in the food industry. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Kanjanatanin P, Pichyangkura R, Sitthiyotha T, Charoenwongpaiboon T, Wangpaiboon K, Chunsrivirot S. Computational design of Bacillus licheniformis RN-01 levansucrase for control of the chain length of levan-type fructooligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:1239-1248. [PMID: 31437510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Levansucrase (LS) from Gram-positive bacteria generally produces a large quantity of levan polymer, a polyfructose with glucose at the end (GFn) but a small quantity of levan-type fructooligosaccharides (LFOs). The properties of levan and LFOs depend on their chain lengths, thereby determining their potential applications in food and pharmaceutical industries such as prebiotics and anti-tumor agents. Therefore, an ability to redesign and engineer the active site of levansucrase for synthesis of products with desired degree of polymerization (DP) is very beneficial. We employed computational protein design, docking and molecular dynamics to redesign and engineer the active site of Bacillus licheniformis RN-01 levansucrase for production of LFOs with DP up to five (GF4), using two approaches: 1) blocking oligosaccharide binding track of GF3-LS complex with large aromatic residues and 2) eliminating hydrogen bond interactions between terminal glucose of GF4 and side chains of binding residues of GF4-LS complex. The designed enzymes and their product patterns from these two approaches were experimentally characterized. The experimental results show that the first approach was successful in creating N251W and N251W/K372Y mutants that synthesized LFOs with DP up to five. This work illustrates how computer-aided approaches can offer novel opportunities to engineer enzymes for desired products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsakorn Kanjanatanin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thassanai Sitthiyotha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanapon Charoenwongpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Surasak Chunsrivirot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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40
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Catalytic biosynthesis of levan and short-chain fructooligosaccharides from sucrose-containing feedstocks by employing the levansucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides MTCC10508. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 127:486-495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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41
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Zhou Y, Cui Y, Qu X. Exopolysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria: Structure, bioactivity and associations: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 207:317-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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42
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Verkhnyatskaya S, Ferrari M, de Vos P, Walvoort MTC. Shaping the Infant Microbiome With Non-digestible Carbohydrates. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:343. [PMID: 30858844 PMCID: PMC6397869 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides with health benefits are characterized by a large structural diversity and differ in building blocks, linkages, and lengths. They contribute to human health by functioning as anti-adhesives preventing pathogen adhesion, stimulate immune maturation and gut barrier function, and serve as fermentable substrates for gut bacteria. Examples of such beneficial carbohydrates include the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Also, specific non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs), such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are being produced with this purpose in mind, and are currently added to infant formula to stimulate the healthy development of the newborn. They mimic some functions of HMO, but not all. Therefore, many research efforts focus on identification and production of novel types of NDCs. In this review, we give an overview of the few NDCs currently available [GOS, FOS, polydextrose (PDX)], and outline the potential of alternative oligosaccharides, such as pectins, (arabino)xylo-oligosaccharides, and microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS). Moreover, state-of-the-art techniques to generate novel types of dietary glycans, including sialylated GOS (Sia-GOS) and galactosylated chitin, are presented as a way to obtain novel prebiotic NDCs that help shaping the infant microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Verkhnyatskaya
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Michela Ferrari
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marthe T. C. Walvoort
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Kansandee W, Moonmangmee D, Moonmangmee S, Itsaranuwat P. Characterization and Bifidobacterium sp. growth stimulation of exopolysaccharide produced by Enterococcus faecalis EJRM152 isolated from human breast milk. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Shi Q, Hou Y, Xu Y, Mørkeberg Krogh KBR, Tenkanen M. Enzymatic analysis of levan produced by lactic acid bacteria in fermented doughs. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 208:285-293. [PMID: 30658802 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Levans and inulins are fructans with mainly β-(2→6) and β-(2→1) linkages, respectively. Levans are produced by many lactic acid bacteria, e.g. during sourdough fermentation. Levans have shown prebiotic properties and may also function as in situ-produced hydrocolloids. So far, levan contents have been measured by acid hydrolysis, which cannot distinguish levans from e.g. inulins. In order to develop a specific analysis for levan in food matrices, a Paenibacillus amylolyticus endolevanase was combined with exoinulinase for levan hydrolysis. A separate endoinulinase treatment was used to detect the possible presence of inulin. Interfering sugars were removed by a pre-wash with aqueous ethanol. Levan content was estimated from fructose and glucose released in the hydrolysis, with a correction made for the residual fructose and glucose-containing sugars. The method was validated using wheat model doughs spiked with commercial Erwinia levan, and tested by analyzing levan content in Leuconostoc mesenteroides DSM 20343-fermented fava bean doughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Shi
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China; Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Yaxi Hou
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Maija Tenkanen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Castro-Bravo N, Wells JM, Margolles A, Ruas-Madiedo P. Interactions of Surface Exopolysaccharides From Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Within the Intestinal Environment. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2426. [PMID: 30364185 PMCID: PMC6193118 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are surface carbohydrate polymers present in most bacteria acting as a protective surface layer but also interacting with the surrounding environment. This review discusses the roles of EPS synthesized by strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, many of them with probiotic characteristics, in the intestinal environment. Current knowledge on genetics and biosynthesis pathways of EPS in lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, as well as the development of genetic tools, has created possibilities to elucidate the interplay between EPS and host intestinal mucosa. These include the microbiota that inhabits this ecological niche and the host cells. Several carbohydrate recognition receptors located in the intestinal epithelium could be involved in the interaction with bacterial EPS and modulation of immune response; however, little is known about the receptors recognizing EPS from lactobacilli or bifidobacteria and the triggered response. On the contrary, it has been clearly demonstrated that EPS play a relevant role in the persistence of the producing bacteria in the intestinal tract. Indeed, some authors postulate that some of the beneficial actions of EPS-producing probiotics could be related to the formation of a biofilm layer protecting the host against injury, for example by pathogens or their toxins. Nevertheless, the in vivo formation of biofilms by probiotics has not been proved to date. Finally, EPS produced by probiotic strains are also able to interact with the intestinal microbiota that populates the gut. In fact, some of these polymers can be used as carbohydrate fermentable source by some gut commensals thus being putatively involved in the release of bacterial metabolites that exert positive benefits for the host. In spite of the increasing knowledge about the role that these surface molecules play in the interaction of probiotic bacteria with the gut mucosal actors, both intestinal receptors and microbiota, the challenging issue is to demonstrate the functionality of EPS in vivo, which will open an avenue of opportunities for the application of EPS-producing probiotics to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Castro-Bravo
- Microhealth Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain.,Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Science Department, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Science Department, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Microhealth Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Microhealth Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
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Sitthiyotha T, Pichyangkura R, Chunsrivirot S. Molecular dynamics provides insight into how N251A and N251Y mutations in the active site of Bacillus licheniformis RN-01 levansucrase disrupt production of long-chain levan. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204915. [PMID: 30278092 PMCID: PMC6168164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Produced by levansucrase, levan and levan oligosaccharides (GFn) have potential applications in food and pharmaceutical industries such as prebiotics, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory agents. Previous study reported that Bacillus licheniformis RN-01 levansucrase could produce levan oligosaccharides and long-chain levan. However, its N251A and N251Y mutants could effectively produce short-chain oligosaccharides upto GF3, but they could not produce long-chain levan. We hypothesized that these mutations probably reduced GF3 binding affinity in levansucrase active site that contains fructosyl-Asp93 intermediate and caused GF3 to be in an unfavorable orientation for transfructosylation; therefore, levansucrase could not effectively extend GF3 by one fructosyl residue to produce GF4 and subsequently long-chain levan. However, these mutations probably did not significantly reduce binding affinity or drastically change orientation of GF2; therefore, levansucrase could still extend GF2 to produce GF3. Using this hypothesis, we employed molecular dynamics to investigate effects of these mutations on GF2/GF3 binding in levansucrase active site. Our results reasonably support this hypothesis as N251A and N251Y mutations did not significantly reduce GF2 binding affinity, as calculated by MM-GBSA technique and hydrogen bond occupations, or drastically change orientation of GF2 in levansucrase active site, as measured by distance between atoms necessary for transfructosylation. However, these mutations drastically decreased GF3 binding affinity and caused GF3 to be in an unfavorable orientation for transfructosylation. Furthermore, the free energy decomposition and hydrogen bond occupation results suggest the importance of Arg255 in GF2/GF3 binding in levansucrase active site. This study provides important and novel insight into the effects of N251A and N251Y mutations on GF2/GF3 binding in levansucrase active site and how they may disrupt production of long-chain levan. This knowledge could be beneficial in designing levansucrase to efficiently produce levan oligosaccharides with desired length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thassanai Sitthiyotha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surasak Chunsrivirot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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47
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Korcz E, Kerényi Z, Varga L. Dietary fibers, prebiotics, and exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria: potential health benefits with special regard to cholesterol-lowering effects. Food Funct 2018; 9:3057-3068. [PMID: 29790546 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota, which plays a crucial role in human health, is influenced by a number of factors including diet. Consumption of specific dietary ingredients, such as dietary fibers and prebiotics, is an avenue by which the microbiota can be positively modulated. These substances may also reduce serum cholesterol levels through various mechanisms. Interest has increased in methods of reducing blood cholesterol level, because dyslipidemia is recognized as a contributory risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Several drugs have been developed for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia; however, undesirable side effects were observed, which have caused concerns about their long-term therapeutic use. Alternatively, many nonpharmacological approaches were tested to reduce elevated serum cholesterol levels. Dietary fibers and prebiotics have particularly beneficial effects on the GIT microbiome, and can also reduce serum cholesterol level through various mechanisms. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are potentially capable of synthesizing different polysaccharides, e.g. exopolysaccharides (EPS), which may play a role as prebiotics. LAB-based EPS have the potential to affect the gastrointestinal microbiome and reduce cholesterol. However, as dietary fibers comprise a complex group of substances with remarkably diverse structures, properties, and impacts, EPS also differ greatly and show a multitude of beneficial health effects. This review discusses the current knowledge related to the effects of dietary fibers and prebiotics on the human GIT microbiome, the prebiotic properties of EPS produced by LAB, and the health-promoting benefits of these polymers with special emphasis being given to cholesterol lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Korcz
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary.
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Selection and Evaluation of Probiotic and Functional Characteristics of Autochthonous Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Fermented Wheat Flour Dough Babroo. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 11:774-784. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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İspirli H, Demirbaş F, Dertli E. Glucan type exopolysaccharide (EPS) shows prebiotic effect and reduces syneresis in chocolate pudding. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 55:3821-3826. [PMID: 30150842 PMCID: PMC6098793 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) of lactic acid bacteria are important biopolymers that can improve the physicochemical properties of food products and act as prebiotics. In this study the physicochemical role and the prebiotic effects of a glucan type EPS with (α1-3) and (α1-6) linkages were assessed in chocolate pudding containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG as a probiotic strain. The functions of EPS were determined by developing three different formulations: control, probiotic (Lactobacillus GG) and symbiotic pudding (Lactobacillus GG + EPS) samples. The pH and acidity of the symbiotic pudding sample were higher than the probiotic and the control samples during the 28-day of storage period. Similarly, an important level of increment in Lactobacillus GG levels in symbiotic sample was observed compared to the probiotic sample suggesting the prebiotic role of the α-glucan. Importantly, the syneresis in symbiotic pudding sample reduced significantly compared to other pudding samples which is related with the physicochemical role of glucan type EPS. This study reveals the prebiotic and physicochemical roles of α-glucan type EPS in a chocolate pudding model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hümeyra İspirli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayburt University, 69000 Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Fatmanur Demirbaş
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayburt University, 69000 Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Enes Dertli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayburt University, 69000 Bayburt, Turkey
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Exopolysaccharide producing lactic acid bacteria: Their techno-functional role and potential application in gluten-free bread products. Food Res Int 2018; 110:52-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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