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Słupczyńska M, Jamroz D, Orda J, Wiliczkiewicz A, Kuropka P, Król B. The Thyroid Hormone and Immunoglobulin Concentrations in Blood Serum and Thyroid Gland Morphology in Young Hens Fed with Different Diets, Sources, and Levels of Iodine Supply. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010158. [PMID: 36611766 PMCID: PMC9817894 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the level (1, 3, and 5 mg I/kg) and source of iodine (KI, Ca(IO3)2, and KIO3) on thyroid hormone and immunoglobulin concentrations in the blood serum of laying hens alongside a histological picture of the thyroid. In the first, birds were fed grain-soybean meal mixtures, and in the second, two kinds of diets based on corn-soybean or corn-soybean-rapeseed meal were applied. In the experiments, we determined the levels of the blood serum thyroid hormones fT3 and fT4, as well as the morphological structure of the thyroid gland. In the second experiment, the concentration of immunoglobulins in blood serum was assayed. In both experiments, no influence of iodine source on thyroid hormone concentration was observed. However, increasing the iodine level in the full mixture and adding rapeseed meal in both experiments caused an increase in fT3 concentration. Increasing I-addition in both experiments led to a decrease in thyroid gland follicle diameter. Rapeseed meal inclusion (at a level of 10%) to the complete hen mixture led to an increase in thyroid gland follicle diameter. Applying KIO3 as an iodine source in both experiments caused a decrease in the thyroid gland height of follicle epithelial cells. Immunoglobulin concentrations in the serum were not affected by experimental factors. The results suggest that the methodologies of studies on the bioavailability of minerals and the corresponding analytical methods require unification. The lack of such standardization makes it impossible to engage in a satisfactory discussion of the results and exchange experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Słupczyńska
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorota Jamroz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Janusz Orda
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wiliczkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuropka
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Barbara Król
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Assersohn K, Brekke P, Hemmings N. Physiological factors influencing female fertility in birds. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:202274. [PMID: 34350009 PMCID: PMC8316823 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fertility is fundamental to reproductive success, but not all copulation attempts result in a fertilized embryo. Fertilization failure is especially costly for females, but we still lack a clear understanding of the causes of variation in female fertility across taxa. Birds make a useful model system for fertility research, partly because their large eggs are easily studied outside of the female's body, but also because of the wealth of data available on the reproductive productivity of commercial birds. Here, we review the factors contributing to female infertility in birds, providing evidence that female fertility traits are understudied relative to male fertility traits, and that avian fertility research has been dominated by studies focused on Galliformes and captive (relative to wild) populations. We then discuss the key stages of the female reproductive cycle where fertility may be compromised, and make recommendations for future research. We particularly emphasize that studies must differentiate between infertility and embryo mortality as causes of hatching failure, and that non-breeding individuals should be monitored more routinely where possible. This review lays the groundwork for developing a clearer understanding of the causes of female infertility, with important consequences for multiple fields including reproductive science, conservation and commercial breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Assersohn
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Patricia Brekke
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Nicola Hemmings
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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3
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Assersohn K, Marshall AF, Morland F, Brekke P, Hemmings N. Why do eggs fail? Causes of hatching failure in threatened populations and consequences for conservation. Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Assersohn
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - A. F. Marshall
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment University College London London UK
| | - F. Morland
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
| | - P. Brekke
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
| | - N. Hemmings
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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4
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Jerše A, Amlund H, Rasmussen RR, Sloth JJ. Iodine determination in animal feed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry - results of a collaborative study. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:261-267. [PMID: 33412087 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1856942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted in order to fully validate the performance characteristics and to evaluate the suitability of a method for determination of iodine in animal feed. The method consists of an alkaline extraction in tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution followed by the determination of iodine by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method was validated for different types of feed and feed materials with a broad concentration range of 0.65-622 mg I/kg. Good agreement was found between the overall mean mass fraction values from the collaborative trial (13.8 ± 1.3 mg I/kg and 0.657 ± 0.228 mg I/kg) and the values previously determined in proficiency tests for two of the test materials (12.65 ± 2.47 mg I/kg and 0.72 ± 0.22 mg I/kg) indicating satisfactory accuracy of the method. Reproducibility standard deviations were between 7.85% and 34.65% and the HorRat values were under the acceptable limit of 2 so the between-laboratory precision was considered acceptable. Based on the statistical evaluation of the results it was concluded that the method is suitable for its intended purpose; it has been accepted as European Standard EN17050:2017 by the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jerše
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heidi Amlund
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rie R Rasmussen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens J Sloth
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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5
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Alagawany M, Elnesr SS, Farag MR, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Karthik K, Michalak I, Dhama K. Nutritional significance of amino acids, vitamins and minerals as nutraceuticals in poultry production and health - a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2020; 41:1-29. [PMID: 33250002 PMCID: PMC7755404 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1857887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals have gained immense importance in poultry science recently considering the nutritional and beneficial health effects of their constituents. Besides providing nutritional requirements to birds, nutraceuticals have beneficial pharmacological effects, for example, they help in establishing normal physiological health status, prevent diseases and thereby improve production performance. Nutraceuticals include amino acids, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, etc. which are important for preventing oxidative stress, regulating the immune response and maintaining normal physiological, biochemical and homeostatic mechanisms. Nutraceuticals help in supplying nutrients in balanced amounts for supporting the optimal growth performance in modern poultry flocks, and as a dietary supplement can reduce the use of antibiotics. The application of antibiotic growth enhancers in poultry leads to the propagation of antibiotic-resistant microbes and drug residues; therefore, they have been restricted in many countries. Thus, there is a demand for natural feed additives that lead to the same growth enhancement without affecting the health. Nutraceuticals substances have an essential role in the development of the animals' normal physiological functions and in protecting them against infectious diseases. In this review, the uses of amino acids, vitamins and minerals as well as their mode of action in growth promotion and elevation of immune system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Alagawany
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Production, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mayada R. Farag
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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6
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Sarlak S, Tabeidian SA, Toghyani M, Foroozandeh Shahraki AD, Goli M, Habibian M. Supplementation of two sources and three levels of iodine in the diet of laying hens: effects on performance, egg quality, serum and egg yolk lipids, antioxidant status, and iodine accumulation in eggs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1810142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sima Sarlak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Ali Tabeidian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Toghyani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Goli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Habibian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
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7
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Saha A, Mukherjee S, Bhattacharjee A, Sarkar D, Chakraborty A, Banerjee A, Chandra AK. Excess iodine-induced lymphocytic impairment in adult rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 29:110-118. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1528647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adipa Saha
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Deotima Sarkar
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Arijit Chakraborty
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, India
| | - Amar K. Chandra
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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8
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Ruuskanen S, Hsu BY. Maternal Thyroid Hormones: An Unexplored Mechanism Underlying Maternal Effects in an Ecological Framework. Physiol Biochem Zool 2018; 91:904-916. [DOI: 10.1086/697380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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9
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Bakhshalinejad R, Hassanabadi A, Nassiri-Moghaddam H, Zarghi H. The effects of dietary calcium iodate on productive performance, egg quality and iodine accumulation in eggs of laying hens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:746-754. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Bakhshalinejad
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Agriculture; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - A. Hassanabadi
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Agriculture; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - H. Nassiri-Moghaddam
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Agriculture; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - H. Zarghi
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Agriculture; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
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10
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Chakraborty A, Mandal J, Mondal C, Sinha S, Chandra AK. Effect of Excess Iodine on Oxidative Stress Markers, Steroidogenic-Enzyme Activities, Testicular Morphology, and Functions in Adult Male Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 172:380-394. [PMID: 26701334 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Improper iodine intake is a major concern in public health. Chronic intake of low iodine affects gonadal functions of man and animals; however, such effects of excess iodine in male reproduction, specially on testicular morphology, testicular steroidogenic enzyme activities, sperm morphology, sperm viability, and sperm count including male hormonal profiles in reference to iodine status and thyroid hormone profiles are yet to be explored. With this background, adult male rats of 120 ± 10 gm Bw of 90 ± 5 days were divided broadly in two groups depending on the duration of the treatment for 30 and 60 days, respectively. Both the groups consisted of control animals. Excess iodine (100EI), i.e., 100 times more than its recommended level but within its tolerable ranges, was administered through gavage regularly to the first group of experimental animals for 30 and 60 days, respectively, and excessive iodine (500EI), i.e., 500 times more than its recommended level and above tolerable range in the same way and for the same durations, was administered to the other group of experimental animals. Overall results revealed that regular consumption of iodine in excess impairs reproductive functions in adult male rats depending on the dose and duration of its exposure through different mechanisms. Excess iodine accumulates in the testis which results in generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as evidenced by higher lipid peroxidation level as well as an imbalance in the pro-/antioxidant status inhibiting the activity of ∆(5) 3β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17β-HSD resulting to reduced synthesis of testosterone that causes structural and functional changes of the testis. Secondly, persistent generation of ROS in testis as a result of prolonged excess iodine exposure affects hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis that stimulates synthesis and secretion of corticosterone which inhibits LH release that downregulates testosterone synthesis causing further testicular disruption. Thirdly, excess iodine when administered above its tolerable ranges for prolonged duration acts on thyroid itself developing a state of biochemical hypothyroidism (as evident by low T3) which further potentiate the disrupting effect of excess iodine on male gonads by reducing circulating testosterone level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Chakraborty
- Endocrinology & Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700 009, West Bengal, India
| | - Jagadis Mandal
- Endocrinology & Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700 009, West Bengal, India
| | - Chiranjit Mondal
- Endocrinology & Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700 009, West Bengal, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sinha
- Endocrinology & Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700 009, West Bengal, India
| | - Amar K Chandra
- Endocrinology & Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700 009, West Bengal, India.
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11
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Słupczyńska M, Jamroz D, Orda J, Wiliczkiewicz A. Effect of various sources and levels of iodine, as well as the kind of diet, on the performance of young laying hens, iodine accumulation in eggs, egg characteristics, and morphotic and biochemical indices in blood. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2536-47. [PMID: 25071224 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-03959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Young hens were fed over a period of 150 d with 2 kinds of diets including corn and soybean meal or corn, soybean, and rapeseed meal. Diets were enriched with potassium iodide (KI) or potassium iodate (KIO3) as an I source in amounts equal to 1, 3, or 5 mg of supplemented I/kg of feed. The hen performance, egg quality, hematological and morphotic indices in blood, hepatic enzyme activity, lipid indices in blood serum as well as I accumulation in wet egg content were determined. Introduction of 00-variety rapeseed meal into the diet improved the laying rate and feed conversion (P < 0.05); however, better egg weight was noted by feeding the hens with a diet without rapeseed meal. Use of KI as an I source enhanced the egg weight. The increased I level in the diet had an equivocal influence on egg weight, improved the feed conversion per 1 kg of eggs, and decreased the proportion of damaged eggs. The use of corn, soybean, and rapeseed meal in hen diets significantly improved yolk color; similar results were noted after an increase in I levels in the diets after 3 mo of feeding. Hematological indices of hen blood demonstrated significantly higher red blood cells numbers and hemoglobin concentrations with the use of KI. The use of a diet containing rapeseed meal led to an enhancement of hepatic enzyme activity, especially of alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.007). Lipid metabolism indices were not influenced by the kind of diet or the I source or level. The accumulation of I in wet egg content was negatively influenced by the use of a diet containing rapeseed meal (P = 0.000). The application of KI as an I source enhanced (P = 0.003) the accretion of I in eggs after 5 mo of treatment. Enhanced I supply significantly increased accumulation of I in eggs (P = 0.000) after 3 and 5 mo of the experiment from 260 and 310 to 1,011 and 1,256 µg/kg of wet egg content, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Słupczyńska
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - D Jamroz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - J Orda
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Wiliczkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
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12
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Dušová H, Trávníček J, Peksa Z, Falta D, Pálka V. Trace element content in market eggs in Bohemia. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260060075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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13
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Röttger AS, Halle I, Wagner H, Breves G, Dänicke S, Flachowsky G. The effects of iodine level and source on iodine carry-over in eggs and body tissues of laying hens. Arch Anim Nutr 2012; 66:385-401. [PMID: 22962946 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2012.719795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the presented study the effect of different iodine (I) levels and sources in hen feed on the iodine concentration of different tissues, blood serum, and eggs of laying hens was studied. For this purpose, two experiments were conducted with 30 laying hens each. In these experiments feed was enriched with KI and Ca(IO(3))(2), respectively, at 0 (Control), 0.25, 0.5, 2.5 and 5 mg I/kg feed, resulting a analysed iodine level from 0.44 to 4.20 mg/kg feed. After four weeks experimental feeding the iodine concentrations of thyroid glands, blood, meat, liver, abdominal fat and eggs were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The experimental treatment did not affect hen performance. The iodine supplementation significantly increased the iodine concentration of eggs (144-1304 μg/kg), thyroid glands (3367-5975 μg/g), blood serum (16-67 μg/kg) and liver (13-43 μg/kg). Meat (about 14 μg I/kg) and abdominal fat (about 12 μg I/kg) were not significantly affected by iodine treatment. Comparative regression analyses showed that at a similar iodine intake, the supply via KI resulted in significantly higher iodine deposition into eggs than Ca(IO(3))(2). Due to the high carry-over of iodine into eggs, eggs may considerably contribute to the iodine supply of the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Röttger
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
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14
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Opalinski S, Dolinska B, Korczynski M, Chojnacka K, Dobrzanski Z, Ryszka F. Effect of iodine-enriched yeast supplementation of diet on performance of laying hens, egg traits, and egg iodine content. Poult Sci 2012; 91:1627-32. [PMID: 22700508 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of iodine yeast (I-yeast) supplementation on the performance, egg traits, and iodine content of eggs of laying hens. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design. A total of 60 laying hens (Hy-Line Brown), 25 wk of age, was divided into 3 groups (4 replicates), and a feeding experiment was conducted for 12 wk. The concentrations and forms of iodine added to the basal diet were as follows: control group, 1 mg of iodine/kg of feed, Ca(IO(3))(2)•H(2)O; experimental groups E1 and E2, 1 and 2 mg of iodine per kilogram of feed, I-yeast, respectively. The iodine yeast did not significantly affect BW gain. Lower level of hen day egg production for groups E1 and E2 was not confirmed statistically; however, it was probably the consequence of low replication. Feed intake was the lowest in the E1 group and feed conversion rate was the highest in the E2 group. Furthermore, the egg and albumen weight was the highest in the group supplemented with 2 mg/kg of iodine from I-yeast (P < 0.05). The concentration of iodine in the egg yolk from groups E1 and E2 was respectively about 80 and 90% higher, compared with the control group. Eggshells from the group fed with 2 mg/kg of I-yeast contained almost 3 times more iodine than eggshells from the control group. The results suggest that iodine yeast supplementation in the diet of laying hens is an effective method for increasing iodine concentration in eggs and thus could contribute to elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in humans consuming iodine-enriched eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Opalinski
- Department of Environment, Animal Hygiene and Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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Han H, Xin P, Zhao L, Xu J, Xia Y, Yang X, Sun X, Hao L. Excess iodine and high-fat diet combination modulates lipid profile, thyroid hormone, and hepatic LDLr expression values in mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 147:233-9. [PMID: 22222482 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to illustrate the combined effect of excess iodine and high-fat diet on lipid metabolism and its potential molecular mechanism. Sixty Balb/c mice were randomly allocated to three control groups or three excess iodine groups and fed with a high-fat diet in the absence or presence of 1,200 μg/L iodine for 1, 3, or 6 months, respectively. Serum lipid parameters and serum thyroid hormones were measured. Expressions of scavenger receptor class B type-I (SR-BI) and low density lipoproteins receptor (LDLr) mRNA and protein in liver were detected. Thyroid histology and liver type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase activity were analyzed. At the end of 3 and 6 months, compared with control, serum TC, TG, and LDL-C in excess iodine group were significantly lower (p < 0.05). LDLr expression in liver was increased significantly (p < 0.05) and parallel to the change of serum TC and TG. TT3 and TT4 levels in serum were elevated and TSH decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Liver type I iodothyronine deiodinase activity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than control at the end of 6 months. Moreover, a time course damage effect of excess iodine combined with high-fat diet on thyroid glands was observed. The present findings demonstrated that excess iodine combined with high-fat diet could cause damage to thyroid glands and lead to thyroid hormone disorder. Those in turn caused the upregulation of hepatic LDLr gene, which resulted in the disorder in serum lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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16
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Röttger AS, Halle I, Wagner H, Breves G, Flachowsky G. The effect of various iodine supplementations and two different iodine sources on performance and iodine concentrations in different tissues of broilers. Br Poult Sci 2011; 52:115-23. [PMID: 21337206 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2010.539591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of iodine (I) supplementation of feed, within the range of the European guidelines, on the performance of broiler chickens and I transfer into different organs and tissues, especially meat. The main emphasis was to assess whether broiler meat could be enriched and used as an I source in human nutrition. 2. Two experiments were performed, one with KI and the other with Ca(IO(3))(2). For each experiment, 288 d-old broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups (72 birds/group) and fed on diets with supplementations between 0 and 5 mg I/kg feed. The birds were reared to 35 d of age under standard conditions. Six birds per group were slaughtered at 35 d and samples of blood, thyroid gland, liver, pectoral and thigh meat taken. 3. Iodine treatment did not significantly affect the growth and slaughter performance of the broiler chickens. In all investigated parameters, I concentrations increased significantly with increasing I intake of the animals. The lowest I concentrations were measured in the meat, but they were considerably higher in blood serum, liver and thyroid gland. Since the I content of meat was still low in the highest supplemented group (highest median concentration: 67·8 µg I/kg thigh meat), there is no evidence that this could substantially improve I supply in human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Röttger
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute for Animal Nutrition, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Dose and time-dependent hypercholesterolemic effects of iodine excess via TRbeta1-mediated down regulation of hepatic LDLr gene expression. Eur J Nutr 2009; 49:257-65. [PMID: 19916081 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-009-0081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the global improvement of iodine nutrition, iodine excess is emerging as a new concern. AIM OF STUDY The aim of this study is to illustrate the physiological effects and potential molecular mechanisms of excessive iodine intake on lipid metabolism. METHODS Balb/c mice were given drinking water containing different levels of iodine for 1 month and treated with 1.2 microg/mL iodine for different periods of time, respectively. Plasma lipid parameters and serum thyroid hormones were measured. Expressions of hepatic genes were detected by real-time polymerase chain reactions and Western blot. RESULTS Dose-dependent hypercholesterolemic effects were detected in mice (TC, r = 0.615; p < 0.01). Drinking 1.2 microg/mL iodine water for 1 month had no significant effect on serum lipid metabolism, while prolonged exposure induced an increase of serum cholesterol. Serum thyroid hormones were not affected by iodine throughout the study. At the molecular level, we detected a dose-dependent attenuation of hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) and thyroid hormone receptor beta1 (TRbeta1) expression in parallel to the change of serum cholesterol. Treatment with 1.2 microg/mL iodine water for 1 month did not affect LDLr and TRbeta1 expression, while 3 or 6 months exposure resulted in a decrease of their expression. CONCLUSION Present findings demonstrated dose- and time-dependent hypercholesterolemic effects of iodine excess. Furthermore, our data suggests that TRbeta1-mediated down regulation of hepatic LDLr gene may play a critical role in iodine excess-induced hypercholesterolemic effects.
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